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(mother-philes)
(school-phobes).
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17 1000 .
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2).
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Bureau of Child Guidance Clinic
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30

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33

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(1982)

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1959)
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41

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1980).
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( 10 ) placebo
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42

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.
F.Pittman (1968) :

.
,
.

, ,
^. .
,
' , -

.


.
,
,
, Okado (1987)
,
.
L Betsy (1980) :
: 1) , 2)

, 3)
> , 4)

-, 5) 6)

^ .

53

3.8.

.
' .
'
.



. Baker (1978) 86 99

(Staffordshire)
.
F.Pittman (1968)
, ,

. ,
.
.

,
.

,
.
J. Berg (1974)


.
. Flakierska (1988) ,
follow-up , 35 7-12
, 15-20 ,

.
' (10%)
. ,

.
P. Knox (1989) follow-up , 100
, 3 ,

,
.

54

4.

4.1 -

,
XV - ,
.
S. Freud 1932
: "...
/, ,
,

".
J.L- Chancerei (1988) :
, ,
, , ,
, , .

^

. ,
3 ,
,
,
: ,
:
,.
. (1990) ,
, ' ,
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. '

.
. (1986) : -
[
; , ,
) , )

.
. (1980) :
,

'
.
. (1986)
.
5 ,
>
, " ".
55

 " ", ,
-
.
. (1985) :

" "
"" (modernization process) ,
, .
,

-
, , ,
"" ...,
.

4.2 - -
...
,

,
(WHO, 1967).

.
. (1985) :
,
() ,

:
- .
,

, ,

.
. (1980)

. ,

'
.

. (1990)
:
, ,

.

56

0 J.L Chancerei (1988) : ,

, (
),
,
:
:
, .

4.3
L.A. Hersov (1985) :
.

, ,
, .
. Klein 1945
,
.

.

^ .
.
3
,.
,

.
,
.
-
- .
^ .

,
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.
(
).
.
, ,

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.

57

 (, )
.
J.L. Chancerei (1988)
( , ),
(.

. ,
, .
(

, , .
,
, .
,
,
.

,
.
.
KC
, (
, KC
, ,

.

, ,
, .

4.4
Moore (1966) (

. 80% ,
.
. 6-8
.
,
.
6 7, 8
11. Moore
.
Mitchell & Shepherd (1980) 6000
5 - 15 ,
'
.

58


11

, .
L.A. Hersov :
D
, .. ,
:>, , .
,
. ,

jq ,
.

/ , .
,
, ,
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(.. ,
, ""
J ).
} .

4.5 - -
M. Rutter (1979)
"
; . . Klein ,
) ,
, .
,
: . ,
, , ,
3.
Fareau Doumic (1956) :
,
>, ,

.
/
' - .
. . (1974) :

' .
,

.
59

,
.

.

,
.

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,

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.
,
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.


. ,

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.
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.

.
-
.


. ,
,

(. ,
., 1974).
. (1980) : "

, .

.

60

^ ,
.
,
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3
Becher " ".
,
^: . . .
^1974) : '
,
,
.


.

3
3

4.6

|
.
.
,

3> .
rov . .
3|)
,
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5% ,
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2. .
3. .
^ 4. ,
a 5. , .
6.
3
" ""

.
.
^ :
,
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, " - "
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.
9

4.7 :
Sharroch (1970):
<
.
. (1990) : ve
,
. ve

.
Dortmund 90%
.

,
.
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,
.

62

1
i
i

5.

!
s

5.1. -

,
.


,
,
,
. ,

. , ,
| ,
.
(Von
3ertalanffy, 1968).
*
. (1988) :
,
JVO, - ,
|.

- .
, .
,


, .

(Living Process)
(Living
fustems). ,

, , )
|<
, ,
, .
.
- ,


- .
hi ,
,
.
,
, .
| . (1988) :
, "",
li) () () .

 ,
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()
.

,
.
.
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"" (structuring)
""
(transact) .
. Salii van :

. ,
.
.
. (1988) : ,

,
, .

,
(context). ' ,
" ", ""
-
, ,
.

.

(transactional etiology).
.
(transact)
.

,

,

.
,

.
.
(S. Minuchin, 1987).

R4

"
,
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) ()
.
5.2.

.
,
(
, )


"" .
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(., 1991).

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,

(, , .)

.
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,
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,
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:
1. .
2. .
3.

4.
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:
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5.
6. .
,

.

66

 ,
,
(. , 1982).


. . F. Wachted (1990) :
/ ,
, .
.
.
: . '
> .
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< ' - '
.

5.2.3.

.,

, ,
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>,
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, . ,
(;) ...


3 ... (
).
,

),
.

. Alan Carr (1990) :

.
.



,
.
,
,
,
,
.

.
Alan Carr (1990) :

.
,

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,

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5.2.4.


,
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).
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6ft



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5.3
. (1989) :
, (),
:

.
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,

:
CA.:
1. .
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2. , ,
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3. ...
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4.
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5.
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(. , 1991).
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.
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.

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,
.

.
,
,
,
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5.4

Heinz Von Foerster

,
- (
), ,
. Von Foerster Varela
'

.
M. Elkaim (1991) : ;
;
- - ;
;

 .
' .
.

.
(., 1989).
,
,
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,

, .


.
Minuchin (1981) :

,
,
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, .

.
,
, "
",
. .

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,
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,
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,, ,

.

,
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S. Walrond, R.Skynner D. Watson (1987)

) :
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,
,
.
:
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,
,
(Minuchin,1979).
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.
' .
.
-7">

.


,
.
Sager . (1964)
,

' ,
-,
. -
-
. ,


(Ackerman ., 1961,1967' Cohen ., 1964).
S. Korner G.Brown (1990)
,
^ .
,
5 .
,

.

5.5

,
. ,
,
:
.
,
,
(Minuchin, 1982).
. F. Wachted (1990)

,
.
1 , ,
,
'
.
,


(Hetherington and Martin,1972)

. -
,
-
.
,
pattern (CM. Huffington, .. Sevitt, 1989).


,
. Loader . (1981]
,
.

5.5.1.
1. ,
, ,
.
2.
" ", ,
.
3. .

.
4.


.
5.


.
,
.
6. ,
,
.

.
5.5.2. (JOINING)
,
, .
, ,
(joining),
. '

 ,
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, ,
; , ,
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. F. Wachted (1990) :
. "
",
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:
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5.5.3.

,
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.
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U. (1985) " ":

, .
,
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S.Minuchin (1981), ,
: ,


.
. (1982) :
,

.
, ,
R.Skynner, , , , ,

, ,


, .


,
.

5.5.4.

, ,
. ',
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* ,

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,
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,
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,

. ,
,
, (S. Minuchin, 1981).

: , ,
,
.
, ,
.

.
, ,


.
5.5.5. 1 (REFRAMING)
,

.
(Refraining)
(Watzlawick ., 1974).
(Palazzoli .,
1978). ,
, ,

.
S.Minuchin (1982) :

.
, ,
.

, ,
. ', , ,
.

, .
Peggy Papp (1977) :
, ,
,
.
, ,

: ' ' .
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: ...

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(.. ), .


. : ",
" , : "!
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Elkaim (1989) :
,
.

...
Minuchin (1981) : , ,
.
.
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,
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, .

,
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stress, .

,

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.

...
,
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, ' ,
, .

 S. Minuchin (1981) :
, ,

- .
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.
,
.
Milton Erickson ,
,
.


,
,
.
.

. , ,
:
, ,
,

(Minuchin, 1979).

5.5.7.

,

,
(Minuchin, 1981).
,
,
.
,
,
.
P.Watzlawick (1981) , '

,
,
. '
,
.
,

, , [
.
'
.
,
,

.
, \
, \

(feedback) .

5.5.8. - - -
,
(tasks)
,
(Gurman, 1981).
, :
'
;

;


;
;
;
' ;
'
;
. F. Wachted (1990) :
'
. tasks

.

.
Peggy Papp (1977) : ,
:
,

,
.
,
, .


, .

.
5.6.
5.6.1.

. ,
.
, ,
. , ,
, ,
,
, ,
, .
.

, ,
.

,
.
,
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,
.
, '
,
.
5.6.2.

,
,

(., 1991).
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,
, ,
,
,
.
' '
(. Papp, 1986).

 ,
. , ,
(imagos)
. ,
(. , 1989).
H.J. Markman J.L. Deming (1984) ,

, .
.


,
,
.
. F. Wachted (1990) :
.
,
, ,
.
Alan
Carr
(1990)

, :
Haley (1967)
-
. ,

, . ,
,
, .
- ,
, .
E.F. Wachted (1990) :

: '
;

; '
'
; ;
;
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;
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;" "

;".
.

...

 ' '
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mpxouv ,
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.


.

jpio .
(" ' ;
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;
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' ;) (E.F. Wachted, 1992).
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DU : , ' ,
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- . , ,
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("
,
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>
'.

5.6.3. ,
'
.


.


,
.
,
. Minuchin (1982)

. , ..

.
,

(Rosman, 1986* Korner, 1988).
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,
.
tasks
,

.
' '
,
. ,
.

,
. ,
,
(. F. Wachted, 1990).
,
,
.

,
.
, ,
.
.
J.S. Scharff (1990)

.

,

.

.
,
.

OL S. Korner G.Brown (1990)

"
",
,
.
,

, ,
3
.

(Bloch, 1976' Combrinck-Graham, 1985'
Erans, 1978' La
ferriere, 1980' Salin, 198T Zilbach, 1986).
L. Betsy (1980) :

.
cuv
,

,

,
;

> .

,

.

6. ME

6.1

6.1.1.
Ora Loy Robison (1967) ,
: .
, ,
. , ,

.

, ,

.
,

.


.

,
.
Ryoro Takagi (1973) test
Rorschach :
,
.

, . ,
, shocks
.
,
. ,

,
, ,
.

86

6.1.2.
Berg, Butler Pritchard (1974)

,
.
Berg (1976) 20%
.


,

.
CG. Last (1987) :
5
(14%!).

,
.
C. Prichard R.I. Ward (1974)
,
.
Hersov(1960), Britton(1969), Bernstein Garfienkel (1988)
ternstein (1990)
,
.
, ,

. Leader (1974)

. '

. Ian Berg (1976)

, .
G.J. Canino .(1989)
,
3
3.
,
.
C. G.Last C.C.Strauss (1990)

DU .

.

6.1.3. -
A.Johnson 1941 <
(
,
. npoc
,

.
Coolidge, Tessman, Waldfogei Willer (1961)
, ,
. Lippman (1962) :

, '
'.
Ora Loy Robison (1967)


.
,
- -,
,
.
R. Skynner (1992) :
,
.
"",
,
.
- '
,
.
.
,
.
30 llford Child Guidance Clinic, ,

. 30
,
15 (Davidson,
1970).

: ,
,
,
, ,
" ' " "
" .
,

 ,
, .
S. Halperin (1990)
- - .

-
.

, - . (
) : ,
.

6.1.4 -
. Sperling (1967)

.
,

,
'
. .
/ ()
.
J. Kahn (1962) , "
- .
:
: ". C. Prichard R.I.Ward
, , ,
: .
- : -
().
,
.

.
Levental Sills
,
'
. .
,

.

.

 CM. Huffington, M.A. Sevitt (1989)

- ,

. <
.
- -: C. Prichard R.Ward (1974),

' (85%).
-
. , ,
-
.
G.A Bernstein B.D. Garfinkel (1988) :

,
,
.

,
'
.
-- ; CM. Huffington ..
Sevitt (1989)
.



" " ,

.

,

,
.


.
Eisenberg (1958)

.
C Prichard R.I.Ward (1974)
: , -
-. ,
-
.
Gail A.Bernstein .(1990)
'
, ( ),
(Family Assessment Measure),
.

--: C. Prichard R.I.Ward

0
- .
"" Hersov,

.
.
,
,

.
- : C. Prichard
R.I.Ward (1974)
'
, .
,


.

6.1.5.


,
.
, . 35 ,
, ,

.
Messer (1964) '
,

.
, '
/ , (
ro ), ,
.-. ,
3 -
: .

6.1.6.
OL C. Prichard R.I.Ward (1974) :
" ,

.



.

, ""
,

, \.

.
J.Berg A.Butler (1972) 100
, , <

.

6.2

6.2.1.
Ora Loy Robison (1967)



.
,
.
, ,
.
,
, .
,

.
Ryoro Takagi (1973) test
Rorschach .
, ,

.



6.2.2.
1960,
-.

,


. ,



(Malmpuist, 1965).
- ,
,
,
.
R. Skynner (1986)
-
. Rutter(1973) "
" Bowlby (1974)
"". R. Skynner
(1990)
,
,
.

.

.

.
R. Takagi (1973) "
" :


. '
,
, . ,
,
.
.
,

.
Prichard R.I. Ward (1974)
,

.
' ""
.

6.2.3.

jj

,
.
,j|
Dinaro, <
,
.
;J
Ryoro Takagi (1973) : ,
, !
,!
. |
, |
,
. ]
, :
,
, ..
' ,
.

.
.


...
. , "
", .
,,
.

6.2.4. -
R. Takagi (1973)
"" -
. , ,
.
P.S. Jensen (1989)
:

,
- ,
(
).

. ,

/,

(.
, ,
,
.

6.2.5. -
CM. Huffington, .. Sevitt (1989)

: .
3, ,
tasks
, ,
. ,

) .
C. Pricnard R.I.Ward (1974)
,
.
,
,
.

. ,
> Hersov,
.
-,
.
,
.

,
.

, ' .

, .
$
, .
, . ""
"" .
,
> , .
OL C. Pricnard R.I. Ward (1974) :
, ,
^, .


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.
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.
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,
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,

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,
,
Mssen Distler
, .
.
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6.3.1.

,




, \
,
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.
Ora Loy Robison (1967)
: ,
,
,
.
, ,
,
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,
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, .
anc
, <
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;

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. ,

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.

6.3.2.
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. ,
, .
, ,

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,
, ,
.
:
,
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,
,

. ,
, (
, ),

.
Ryoro Takagi (1973) Test Rorschach

. '
,

. ,

. test

, .
,
: (1)

, (2)
, (3)
, ,
.

 Gail A.Bernstein .(1990) :

, ,


.


, ,

.
.

:
.


.

6.3.3.
Adelaide . Johnson (1941)

, ...

.
Eisenberg (1958)
.
.

, , ,
...
Eisenberg: "
!".
Davidson (1960) : "
,

".
Weiss Kahn (1964)

( ) : "
, ,
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,
."
Ora Loy Robison (1967) ,
, .


,

I
I

|
1

"

_
"

.
C.G.Last C.C.Strauss (1990)

,
,
.
,
.

- (.

- ),

(.
).
(85%)
.

'
(C. Prichard
R.I.Ward).



. Messer (1964) '

,

.
'
,
, . ,
-
.

6.3.4.

Berryman (1960) ,

.
| ,
Levenson (1961) 10

| 1 Berryman (1960).
^ # Leventhal, Sills Radin (1964)

 ""
.
Radin (1967)
:

...
,
' ,

. '

.

: () , ()

, ()


. Leventhal (1964) Leventhal, Weinberger,
Stander, Stearns (1967)
.
. (1985) :
,
.

.


(Erickson, 1950' Skynner, 1991),



.


.

6.3.5.
Gittleman-Klein E.Klein
,
,
.


.

 E.Klein (1945)
" ,

".
. Frances (1984)
,
.
S. Richard P.Parker (1988)
17
, 3

.

.

6.4
R. Skynner (1992) :
"" , .
.
, ,

. ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
. " '
,

".
C. Prichard R.I.Ward (1974)
.

. Gassner Murray

,
.

,
,
,

.
J. Kahn (1962)
: .

( .

Ryoro Takagi (1973)

: ,

,
. '
,




.
G.A.Bernstein .(1990) :
(Berg McGuire, 1974)
, (Davidson,
1960), , (Takagi, 1973).
M.S. Baideme (1980) :

- .
,
.
: )

, )

(
), )

.
6.4.1. !
Adelaide . Johnson (1941) :
'
(.. ,
, , ..). 1957 :
'
,
, , ,
.
Estes .(1956)
, '
.
Berlin (1965) : " ,

,
'
".
Ora Loy Robison (1967) :
, ,
,

'

|
|'
,
Il |
;
l
(

||
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jj.j
|
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||
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.
.
. (1985) : ,
, ,
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SUMMARY
The study "School Refusal: Study of the dynamics of the child an its family"
through the qualitative elaboration of the elements which result from the
Family therapeutic sessions, reassures the presence of the intensive
separation anxiety of the child from its mother, up to the main causal factor in
school refusal. The separation anxiety, with the relative panic symptoms
prevents the attendance at school and represents the manifestation of the
child's anxiety for the future of its mother and consequently its entire family.
The study emphasises on the intensive unresolved problems of the marital
relationship which reveal the total absence of marital subsystem and the
presence of a child-oriented family, where the only task is the child care. In this
type of families the independence of the children is prohibited, since it
threatens the mere existance of the family. Therefore, children take over an
ubnormal overprotective role towards their parents, which is expressed by an
intensive dysfunction, a fact that awakens the parents from their own
problems.

186

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11.

.
1

,
1

1.

2.

10

3.
3.1.
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.5.1.
3.5.2
3.6
3.6.1.
3.7 -
3.7.1.
3.7.2
3.7.3
3.7.4 ....
3.7.5
3.7.6
3.8

11
12
12
15
19
22
27
30
31
34
35
35
39
41
43
45
48
54

4.

55

,
1

4.1 -
4.2 --
4.3
4.4
4.5 --
4.6
4.7 :
5.
5.1 -
5.2
5.2.1.
5.2.2.
5.2.3.
5.2.4.
5.3
5.4
5.4.1.
5.5 -

5.5.1.
5.5.2. (JOINING)
5.5.3.

55
56
57
58
59
61
62
63
63
65
65
65
67
68
69
70
72
73
74
74
75

5.5.4.
5.5.5. (REFRAMING)
5.5.6.
5.5.7.
5.5.8. ---
5.6
5.6.1.
5.6.2.
5.6.3. ,

6.

6.1
6.1.1.
6.1.2.
6.1.3. -
6.1.4. -
6.1.5.
6.1.6
6.2
6.2.1.
6.2.2
6.2.3.
6.2.4. -
6.2.5. -
6.3
6.3.1.

6.3.2.

6.3.3.
6.3.4.
6.3.5.
6.4
6.4.1.
6.4.2. ....
6.5
6.5.1. -
6.5.2.
6.5.3. -TA
6.5.4.
6.5.5.

6.5.6.
6.6
6.6.1.
6.6.2.
6.6.3

197

76
77
78
79
80
81
81
81
83
86
86
86
87
88
89
91
91
92
92
92
94
94
95
96
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
104
106
107
108
110
111
112
112
112
113