Bolt Nom.

Size

Bolt Root Pitch dia. d mm P mm

Helix Angle /2

Bolt avg. dia. Db mm

Nut avg. dia Dn mm

Coeff. Of Bolt Root Fric. Area uk At mm^2

10 12 30 30

8.6 10.5 28 28

1 1 1 1

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

9.5 11.5 29 29

10 12 30 30

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

58.09 86.59 615.75 615.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

UTS Sp MPa

YS Sy MPa Re-use

% Sy Perm Re-use kN

Fi Perm kN

Factor K Re-use Nm

T Perm Nm

540 240 725 205

0.55 0.55 0.428 0.428

0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75

17.25 11.43 191.07 54.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

23.53 15.59 334.82 94.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

126.25 100.75 4195.79 1186.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

172.16 137.39 7352.43 2078.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fi=0.75*At*Sp Fi=0.9*At*Sp T=KFid

The variables in the torque-tension relationship include lubrication, thread fit, the use of a tension in the bolt. The torque used to tighten a bolt is consumed by overcoming the frictio and washer (about 60%), overcoming the friction between bolt thread and nut threads (ab providing energy to elongate the bolt (about 10%). Tests have indicated that torque-tensio for structural bolts easily vary by as much as 40%.

T = 0.0167 x P x D Where T = torque (foot-pounds) P = bolt tension (pounds) D = bolt diameter (inches)

The value 0.0167, called the nut factor, is a traditional industry average. It can range as low well-lubricated assemblies and can exceed 0.025 for dry or rusty fasteners.

dry (un-lubricated) mid-size steel bolts: K = 0.2 non-plated black finish: K = 0.3 zinc-plated: K = 0.2 cadmium-plated: K = 0.16 lubricated: K = 0.15 ~ 0.18

rque-tension relationship include lubrication, thread fit, the use of a washer and the e torque used to tighten a bolt is consumed by overcoming the friction between nut %), overcoming the friction between bolt thread and nut threads (about 30%), and ongate the bolt (about 10%). Tests have indicated that torque-tension relationships ily vary by as much as 40%.

ed the nut factor, is a traditional industry average. It can range as low as 0.01 for blies and can exceed 0.025 for dry or rusty fasteners.