S GIO DC V O TO

HI DNG
-------------------------

THI CHN HC SINH GII

LP 10 THPT - NM HC 2012-2013
MN THI: HA HC
Thi gian: 180 pht
Ngy thi: 5 thng 4 nm 2013
thi gm: 02 trang

THI CHNH THC

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t:

H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; P=31; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39;
Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ba = 137, I=127.
Cho bit m in ca cc nguyn t:
H = 2,20; C = 2,55; N = 3,04; O = 3,44; Na = 0,93; Mg = 1,31; Al = 1,61; S = 2,58; Cl = 3,16;
Br = 2,96; I=2,66.
Cu 1: (2im)

1. Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht (electron, ntron, proton) bng 79, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19.
a. Xc nh v tr (s th t nguyn t, chu k, nhm) ca M trong bng tun hon.
b. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc ion do M to ra.
2. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t R trong hp cht kh vi hiro (trong R c s oxi
ha thp nht) l a%, cn trong oxit cao nht l b%.
a. Xc nh R bit a:b=11:4.
b. Vit cng thc phn t, cng thc electron, cng thc cu to ca hai hp cht trn.
c. Xc nh loi lin kt ha hc ca R vi hiro v ca R vi oxi trong hai hp cht trn.
Cu 2: (2im)
1. Lp phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng oxi ha - kh sau y theo phng php
thng bng electron:
t
a. FexOy + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 +SO2
+ H2O

b. Mg + HNO3
Mg(NO3)2 +
NH4NO3 + H2O
t
c. FeS2 + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 +SO2 +
H2O
d. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO + N2O + H2O
(Bit phn ng d th t khi ca hn hp kh NO v N2O so vi hiro bng 16,75).
2. Nu hin tng v vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc th nghim sau:
a. Sc t t kh sunfur n d vo cc cha dung dch brom.
b. Dn kh ozon vo dung dch KI, chia dung dch sau phn ng thnh hai phn: phn
1 nh vi git dung dch h tinh bt; phn 2 nh vi git dung dch phenolphtalein.
0

Cu 3: (2im)
Hn hp bt A cha Mg v Fe. Cho 3,16 gam hn hp A tc dng vi 250ml dung
dch CuCl2 nng z (mol/lt). Khuy u hn hp, lc ra kt ta, thu c dung dch B v
3,84 gam cht rn D. Thm vo dung dch B mt lng d dung dch NaOH long, lc kt
ta to thnh, ri nung kt ta trong khng kh nhit cao n khi lng khng i thu
c 1,4 gam cht rn E gm hai oxit kim loi. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp A v gi tr z.

Cu 4: (2im)
1. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau v cho bit cc cht ng vi cc ch ci A, B,
D, E, G, X, Y, T, Q:
t
a. A + H2SO4 B+ D + E

b. E + G + D X + H2SO4

c. A + X Y + T

d. A + B Q
e. G + T X
2. Trnh by phng php ha hc tch
ring tng cht ra khi hn hp cha BaO, MgO v CuO.
o

Cu 5: (2im)
Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe 2O3 v Fe3O4 bng lng va dung
dch H2SO4 long thu c 500ml dung dch Y. Chia Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
C cn phn 1 thu c 31,6 gam hn hp mui khan.
Sc kh clo d vo phn 2, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch th
thu c 33,375 gam hn hp mui khan.
a. Vit phng trnh ha hc cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh m v nng mol/lt cc cht c trong dung dch Y.
----------------------------Ht---------------------------H v tn th sinh ...................................................................S bo danh................
Ch k gim th 1.............................................. Ch k gim th 2.............................
Ghi ch: Hc sinh khng dng bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc

P N V HNG DN CHM THI HC SINH GII MN HA HC

LP 10 NM HC 2012 -2013
I. HNG DN CHUNG
- Hc sinh lm theo cch khc nhng lp lun ng vn cho im.
- Nu hc sinh gii theo phng trnh phn ng m khng cn bng th khng cho im phn
tnh ton, nu cn bng b sai h s cht khng s dng n qu trnh lp h th khng cho im
phng trnh nhng vn chm kt qu gii.
Cu 1:
2. Nu khng dng th khng chm kt qu
Cu 2:
1. Khng cn vit li phng trnh
2. Phi nht mu dung dch brom mi n mt mu
Cu 4:
t o 1000
to 0 C
2. Nu hc sinh s dng phng

trnh Ba(OH)2 BaO + H2O th vn chp

nhn nhng nu Ba(OH)2 BaO + H2O th khng cho im phng trnh ny.
II. P N-BIU IM CHI TIT
CU

P N

Cu 1: (2im)
1.
t Z, N ln lt l s ht p, n c trong nguyn t M
ta c h phng trnh
2Z + N = 79 + 3 Z = 26

2Z N = 19 + 3 2 N2 = 630 2 6 6 2
a.
Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca M l: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
M th 26, chu k 4 nhm VIIIB trong bng tun hon.
b.
Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ l: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6
Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe3+ l: 1s22s22p63s23p63d5
2.
V R to c hp cht kh vi H nn R l phi kim.

Gi s R thuc nhm x (x4).

Theo gi thit
cng thc ca R vi
R
.100
H l RH8-x a=
R +8 x
cng thc oxit cao nht ca R l R2Ox

b=
2R
R
.100 b =
.100
suy ra
+8x 88R
11+ 8x
2 R + 16xa R43x
R= =
=
b R+8-x
7 4
Xt bng
x
4
5
6
7
R 12 c C 18,14 loi
24,28 loi
30,42 loi

a.
b.

Vy R l C
Cng thc ca R vi H l CH4
Cng thc electron; Cng thc H
cu to
..l
H-C-H
H:C:H
Oxti cao nht ca R l CO2
..l
H

BIU
IM

0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,1

0,1

0,1
0,1

Cng thc electron O:: C ::O; Cng thc cu to O=C=O

0,2

0,2

Trong hp cht CH4 c = C H

=2,55-0,22=0,35<0,4 nn
0,1
lin kt gia C-H l lin kt cng ha tr khng cc
Trong hp cht CO2 c 0, = O C
=3,44-2,55=0,89
0,1

0,4<<1,7 nn lin kt gia = 0,89

C=O l lin kt cng ha tr phn cc
Cu 2: (2im)
t0
1.a.
2FexOy
+(6x-2y)H2SO4

xFe2(SO4)3 +(3x-2y)SO2 +(6x- 0,125
2y)H2O
0,125

1.b.
4Mg
+
10HNO3 4Mg(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + 3H2O
0,125
+2

4x Mg Mg + 2e
0,125
+5
-3

1x N + 8e N
to
1.c.
2FeS2 + 14H2SO4
0,125
Fe2(SO4)3 + 15SO2 + 14H2O
+3
+4

1x 2FeS2 2Fe + 4S
+22e
0,125
+6
+4

11x S +2e S
1.d.
17Al
+
66HNO3 17Al(NO3)3 + 9NO + 3N2O + 0,125
33H2O
do
0,125
30a + 44b
a 3
=
33,5 =
+3
17x Al Al
a+b
b 1
+ 3e
3x 5N+5 +17e 3N+2 + 2N+1
2.a.
Phng trnh: SO2 + H2O + Br2 H2SO4 + 2HBr
0,25
- Mu vng nu ca dung dch brom nht dn, cui cng mt mu hon 0,25
ton.
2.b.
Phng trnh: O3 + H2O + 2KI O2 + 2KOH + I2
0,25
- Phn 1 dung dch chuyn sang mu xanh .
0,125
- Phn 2 dung dch chuyn sang hng.
0,125
Cu 3: (2im)
a.
Do E gm hai oxit nn Mg, CuCl2 ht, Fe phn ng
Phng trnh
Mg + CuCl2 MgCl2 + Cu
(1)
0,125
Fe + CuCl2 FeCl2 + Cu
(2)
0,125
Khi cho NaOH d vo
2NaOH
+
MgCl2 Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
(3)
0,125

2NaOH + FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl

(4)
0,125
Khi nung
to
Mg(OH)2
MgO +
(5)
0,125
H2O
o
t
4Fe(OH)2
+O2
4Fe2O3 + 4H2O (6)
0,125

b.
t s mol ca Fe, Mg c ban u ln lt l x, y, s mol Fe
d l t (x, y>0, t0)
C h
24 x + 56 y + 0t = 3,16 x = 0, 015mol

40 x + 64 y 8t = 3,84 y = 0, 05mol
40 x + 80 y 80t = 1, 4
t = 0, 04mol

c.

Vy trong hn hp u 0, 015.24
.100
%mMg = =11,392%
3,16
%mFe=100%-11,392% = 88,608%
Nng ca CuCl2: z =0,025:0,25=0,1M

0,25

0,5
0,5

Cu 4: (2im)
t0
1.a.
2Fe
+
6H2SO4
Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
A
B
E
D

1.b.
SO2 + H2O + Cl2 H2SO4 + 2HCl
E
D
G
X

1.c.
Fe + HCl FeCl2 + H2
A
X
Y
T
1.d.
Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 3FeSO4
A
B
Q
AS
1.e.
Cl2 + H2 2HCl

G
T
X
2.
- Ha hn hp BaO, MgO, CuO vo nc
+ Phn khng tan l MgO, CuO
+ Phn tan c BaO

BaO + H2O Ba(OH)2

- Cho Na2CO3 d vo dung dch lc kt ta nung nhit cao n
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu cht rn l BaO
Ba(OH)2
+
Na2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NaOH
t0
BaCO3 BaO + CO2

- Phn khng tan l MgO, CuO

+ Dn H2 d qua hn hp MgO, CuO nung nng
t0
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O

+ Ha tan cht rn sau nung

bng HCl d, cht rn khng
tan l Cu.
MgO + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O
- Cho NaOH d vo dung dch sau khi ha tan bng HCl
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
MgCl 2 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl
nung kt ta
t0
Mg(OH)2MgO+ H2O

Cu 5: (2im)
a.
Phng trnh
+ Khi ha A bng axit H2SO4 long
FeO + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2O
(1)

Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

(2)

Fe3O4 + 4H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + FeSO4+ 3H2O

(3)
Sau phn ng dung dch ch c 2 mui (x+z)mol FeSO 4 v
(y+z) mol Fe2(SO4)3
+ Khi sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch sau phn ng ch c FeSO 4
phn ng
6FeSO4 + 3Cl2 2FeCl3 + 2Fe2(SO4)3
(4)

0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,25

0,125
0,125
0,125

0,125

b.

Theo bi ta c h phng trnh

72x+160y+232z=m/2 (I)
T II, III 152(x+z)+400(y+z)=31,6 (II)
ta c x+z= 0,05; 187,5(x+z)+400(y+z)=33,375 (III)

y+z=0,06
Mt khc t I ta c m=2.[ 72(x+z) + 160(y+z)]=26,4 gam
Vy m= 26,4g
=0,2M; =0,24M
CC
FeFeSO
2 (SO 4 )3

----------------------------Ht----------------------------

0,5

0,5
0,5