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Mechanical Energy Particles
Mechanical Energy Particles
Mechanical Energy Particles
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Plume School
(c)
Modern cars include crumple zones to reduce the size of the impact
force. Suggest how the crumple zones do this.
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(1)
(Total 7 marks)
2.
(b)
(c)
Calculate the kinetic energy of the man after falling 100 m from rest.
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Plume School
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Kinetic energy = ...............................................
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
3.
Show that the work done in raising the bar was about 2400 J.
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(2)
(ii)
It took 3.0 s to raise the bar. Calculate the average power used.
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Power = .
(2)
(iii)
(2)
the bar falling to the floor. Do not include the impact with the
floor.
(1)
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(2)
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(3)
(v)
Calculate the speed of the bar at the instant it reaches the floor.
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Speed = .
(3)
(Total 12 marks)
4.
(a)
A car of mass m is travelling in a straight line along a
horizontal road at a speed u when the driver applies the brakes. They exert
a constant force F on the car to bring the car to rest after a distance d.
(i)
Write down expressions for the initial kinetic energy of the car
and the work done by the brakes in bringing the car to rest.
Kinetic
energy .............................................................................................
Plume School
.....
Work
done ................................................................................................
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(1)
(ii)
Show that the base units for your expressions for kinetic energy
and work done are the same.
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(2)
(b)
(c)
On another occasion, the same car is travelling at twice the speed. The
driver again applies the brakes and the car decelerates at 6.5 m s2.
The car travels just over 55 m before coming to rest. Explain why the
braking distance has more than doubled. You may be awarded a mark
for the clarity of your answer.
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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
5.
Plume School
The Busch Gardens brochure states that the speed of Apollos Chariot at the
bottom is in fact 32.5 m s1. Suggest and explain one reason why the speed
might be less than 35 m s1.
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(2)
Calculate the efficiency of this energy conversion as the vehicle runs down
the track.
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Efficiency = ...............................................
(3)
Vehicles on The Big One fall through an almost identical vertical distance to
those on Apollos Chariot; but the owners of The Big One claim that the
speed at the bottom is 38 m s1.
Assume their claim is truthful, and that the vertical falls are the same.
Suggest how the vehicles on The Big One could have a speed of 38 m s 1
at the bottom.
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(1)
(Total 10 marks)
6.
A certain power station generates electricity from falling water. The diagram
shows a simplified sketch of the system.
r e s e r v
T o
t u r n
w
a t e r f
f r o m
t h
r e s e r v o
T h e
w
a
b e
p u m
(a)
(i)
t
l o
e
i r
t e
p
h
.
i r
e
t u r b i n e ,
w
s d o w
n
t o p
r
c a n
e d
b a
T u r
T o
t h e
c o n
B o t t o m
a l s o
r e s e r v o i r
c k
u p
b i n e .
g e n e r a t e
e l e c t r i c i t y ,
t u r b i n e
i s
n e c t e d
t o
g e n e r a t o r s .
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(ii)
(b)
Plume School
(2)
(c)
The force of the water at the turbine is 3.5 108 N and the output
power generated is 1.7 109 W. Use this data to calculate the
minimum speed at which the water must enter the turbine.
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(2)
(d)
Explain why, in practice, the speed at which the water enters the
turbine is much greater than this.
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(1)
(e)
When working at this output power, 390 m3 of water flows through the
turbine each second. The top reservoir holds 7.0 106 m3 of water.
For how long will electricity be generated?
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Time = .....................................................
(1)
(f)
This power station is used at peak periods, after which the water is
pumped back to the top reservoir. The water has to be raised by 500
m. How much work is done to return all the water to the top reservoir?
(The density of water is 1000 kg m3.)
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Work done = ............................................
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Plume School
11
7.
The actual height reached is 126 m. Show that the total loss of energy from
the vehicle during the vertical climb to 126 m is about 3 105 J.
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(2)
Plume School
13
Calculate a value for the average resistive force acting on the vehicle during
the climb.
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Average resistive force = ...............................
(2)
Calculate the time for the vehicle plus riders to make the vertical climb to
126 m. State an assumption that you make.
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Time = ............................................................
Assumption: ....................................................................................................
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(3)
(Total 12 marks)
8.
along a
The diagram shows a small vehicle which is free to move in a vertical plane
curved track.
A
C
h
v
B
The vehicle of mass m is released from rest from point A. It runs down to
point B, a distance h vertically below A. Its speed at point B is v.
Write down expressions for
(i)
(ii)
Plume School
15
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(1)
Would you expect the vehicle to pass point C? Explain your answer.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
9.
a t a :
x m/ y m/
0 . 0 0 . 0
. 1 . 21 . 9
2 . 0 3 . 0
2 . 7 3 . 8
3 . 2 4 . 4
3 . 6 4 . 8
4 . 1 5 . 1
4 . 5 5 . 3
5 . 0 5 . 2
5 . 4 5 . 0
5 . 7 4 . 7
6 . 0 4 . 3
6 . 2 4 . 0
6 . 4 3 . 5
6 . 5 2 . 9
6 . 7 2 . 4
6 . 8 1 . 8
6 . 9 1 . 2
7 . 0 0 . 6
7 . 1 0 . 0
l o t :
y/ m
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
. 0
0 . 0 1
. 0 2
. 0 3
. 0 4
. 0 5
. 0 6
. 0 7
. 0 8
x/ m
. 0
Use the data to estimate the initial speed of the shuttlecock in the xdirection.
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Speed in x-direction = ........................................
Use the data to estimate the initial speed of the shuttlecock in the ydirection.
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Speed in y-direction = ........................................
(3)
Explain why these values are only estimates.
Plume School
17
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(1)
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(2)
(Total 12 marks)
8 .4 m s
3 .0
The combined mass of the cyclist and bicycle is 90 kg. Calculate the
gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) lost per second.
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g.p.e. lost per second = ..........................................
(3)
Plume School
19
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(1)
At the bottom of the slope the cyclist turns round and pedals back up at the
same steady speed of 8.4 m s1. Give an estimate of the rate at which the
cyclist does work as he climbs the hill.
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Rate of working = .........................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)