Chandrabote PDF

P`veZx
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1g msLv 2006
P`veZx
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1g msLv 2006
ISSN 1818-359X
P`veZx: bvix welqK QvUKvMR 1g msLv 2006

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cQ` eeZ QwewU BUvibU _K bqv: www.artinthevault.com/
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Chandrabotee: A littlemag about women. Editor: Susmita
Chakraborty. 1st Issue, February 2006. University of Rajshahi.
Price: Tk. 100
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Kie ej wekvm KiZ jvf nq| P`veZx cvVKi wPb mvgvb AuvPo KvUZ cvijI
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xi
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
m~wPc
mv`bv I gy`Y-Z_ iv
DrmM v
mv`Kxq viixi
evsjv`ki bvix
Avby gynv` \ bvixi RMZ Ges KzqvkvQb w`M
cv: 117
kvnxbv cvifxb \ cwZZv nIqv ewMZ cQ`-AcQì welq bv

cv: 1926
gvevi&iv wmwKv \ bvixi PvL bvix: cvcU Dwbk kZK

cv: 2733
Aveyj nvmvb Payix \ mvcwZK jvKmvwnZ bvixmvi ^vZ

cv: 3541
bvQwib Awc \ gawei Wvqwi _K

cv: 4348
D gymwjgv \ G `ki bvix ivRbxwZK: wcZv/^vgxi wicmgU

cv: 4950
mywZv PeZx \ P`veZxi ivgvqY: bvixi BwZnvm, bvixi î

cv: 5160
bvixev`: Z Avi AwfZv

myRvb gyqvw \ Ab mnvìv: Avie bvixev` cm
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
cv: 6171
xiii
Kv_wib nj \ MwnYxi BwZnvm

Abyev`: gvbm Payix
cv: 7380
bvmwib wmivR Gvbx \ nvwmi ivRbxwZ

cv: 8188
wewU dvBWb \ h mgmvi bvg bB

Abyev`: mywZv PeZx I iwe iwdK
cv: 8996
wmbw_qv wcUvi&m& \ weq wK wbivcv `q bvwK wbqY Ki?

Abyev`: ib&Rb
cv: 97101
Kvivwjb wiRj \ h bvixì fvjv hvq bv

Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
cv: 103108
hy-wbhvZb-wbcxob
bvRg mvjvg \ BivK msNwUZ Aciva: GKUv wkKoP~Z e
Abyev`: iwe iwdK
cv: 109113
jyK nvwWs \ bvixì Ici RjRyjyg

Abyev`: bymiZ mvC`v myjZvbv wZ
cv: 115117
wm kvgIq \ gvwKb evwnbxi ejvrKvii avivevwnK bgybv

Abyev`: ivbv ivqnvb
cv: 119121
ievU wd \ `wi MvPi: mvvg wbcxwoZ bvix

ZiRgv : evab AwaKvix
cv: 123126
BmgZ PzMZvB \ jc-Gi gvgjv

Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
cv: 127138
xiv
bvix I MYgvag
mymvb iv&j& \ m`h Drcv`b
Abyev`: mwjg iRv wbDUb
cv: 139159
MxwZ Aviv bvmwib \ MYgvag I bvix

cv: 161169
mywZv PeZx \ c_g Avjvi bKkvi cvZvq bvix-msev`:

Dcvcb I c`kbi ivRbxwZ
cv: 171184
evab AwaKvix \ gmygx fwgKi Mvb: bvixi Kî wb

cv: 185195
wewewm-wicvU \ fviZ Zvci gyL dqvi Av jvfwj

Abyev`: mwdDi ingvb wjUz
cv: 197198
RvZxq gywmsMvg bvix

Dekx eyUvwjqv \ gvIqi gqiv
Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
cv: 199201
ixg AvjbyIqix \ mvgvwRK I RvZxq ^vaxbZvq wdwjwwb bvixi f~wgKv

Abyev`: gvdv ZvwiKzj Avnmvb
cv: 203206
KweZv: ci`kx AvKvki wbP

Avbv AvLgvZvfv \ kvKv
Abyev`: Avyjvn& Avj gvgyb
cv: 207216
kxAiwe` \ mvwex (1g Ask)

Abyev`: Amxg Kzgvi `vm
cv: 217227
wmjwfqv cv_i KqKwU KweZv

ZiRgv: eì gybxi
cv: 229236
xv
Avmwdqv jiLi KqKwU KweZv

cv: 237241
D gymwjgvi KqKwU KweZv

cv: 243246
kixdv eyjeyji KqKwU KweZv

cv: 247248
QvUM: AvbiOv KP~ovi mvwi

QvUM
BmgZ PzMZvB \ jc
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
cv: 249257
wnivevqvwk ZvBKv \ A Pxbv mwbKiv

ZRgv: gvbm Payix
cv: 259262
kvnxb AvLZvi \ gv
cv: 263272
ivwk`v myjZvbv \ gkt GKv

cv: 273282
QvUM welqK AvjvPbv
kvnvbv AvKZvi gqv \ Amgi bvix K_vKviì QvUM:

` Rxebi e`bvcyivY
cv: 283287
wekl Mbv: Abyev`-Kve

wWwKbmb kZK: Gwgwj wWwKbmbi wbevwPZ KweZvi Abyev`
Abyev`: myeZ AMvwb MvgR
cv: 289336
xvi
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
Avby gynv`
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msNvZ|
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bvg Zvi AvbvqviDjvn Payix| GB DcvPvh gZvq _vKvKvjxb mgq Qv`ji
KvWviì Avnevb ckvmbi vZmvi Qvxì nj kvgmybvnvi nj ivZ-`ycyi cywjk
XyK Zve Pvjvjv, gqì Ub-wnuPo gviwcU, AK_ MvwjMvjvR KiZ _vKjv, ig
ig XyK fvOPzi gviwcU Ki fvi bvMv` emsLK gqK wbq Zvjv nj _vbv
nvRZ| ciw`b _KB XvKv wekwe`vjq wkv_xiv cej Av`vjb Mo Zzjjb|
GeviI c_g mvwiZ Qvxiv| Gevi weGbwccx DcvPvh Av`vjb mwq Qvxì ZzQ
I NY wnme Dcvcbi Rb Zvi c~em~wi DcvPvhi K K wgwjq ejjb, Kvvm
MvgUm-Gi gqiv Gm DrcvZ Avi wekLjv mw KiQ| mB mgq GK cwZev`
mgvek Gme NUbvi hvMm~ DjL Ki Avwg ejwQjvg,
Avby gynv`
bvixi RMZ

evsjv`k mw`bB mwZKvi GKwU cwieZbi m~Pbv ne hw`b mwZ-mwZ MvgUm-Gi nvRviv
jvL gqiv wekwe`vjqi fZi cek Kie Ges wekwe`vjqi gqì wbq ay
wekwe`vjq bq mviv `ki gZvi LuywU ai Uvb è| Avgiv mw`bi Acvq AvwQ|
Avwg GLbI ZvB gb Kwi|
5.
ay c_NvUB bq| MvgUm-KviLvbvi fZiI bvix Zvi kixi wbq AevnZ SuywKi ga
_vK| Gjv cwKvi cvZvq Avm bv| mgvRI GjvK nqZv ^vfvweK wnmeB ai
bq| bvix-msMVbjv GjvK GLbI GRvfy KiQ ej Ui cvBwb| GKevi
cwKvq GKwU Lei ewiqwQjv h, fviejvq KwZcq ZiYx wev Ges Pnvivq
em wQj jkvb GjvKvi GK ivvi gvo| mvsevw`K LuvR wbq Zvì h fvl cvb
Zv GiKg, ew`b ai H gqì Dci gvwjK wbR I Zvi ezì wbq hb wbhvZb
PvjvwQjv, Zvì ivLv nqwQjv GKiKg e`x Ki| wbhvZbi gvv gvMZ evowQj
Ges GKchvq mBZ bv ci c_g myhvMB Zviv cvwjqQb| wK GLb Zviv Kv_vq
hveb Rvbb bv| Kv_vq wbivc`? Zviv KviLvbv I KviLvbv gvwjKi bvgI ejwQjb|
mjv msev` Avmwb| Avi Gici Zvì Kx nj m mKI Kvbv Lei cvIqv
hvqwb|
Avgvi KqKRb Qvx (bwevb) GKevi Kvmi Ask wnmeB XvKvi fvmgvb
cwZZvì wbq GKwU Abymvb KvR KiwQjb| mLvb h gqì mv_ Zvì
mvvr nqwQj Zvì cvq mevB alY, cZviYv I RvwjqvwZi wkKvi nq GB ckvq
GmQb| Ges GB ckvZI wbcxob, VKvbv, RvwjqvwZ NUQ Anin| GKwU gq
weklfve RvwbqwQjb, wZwb Mvg _K GmwQjb KvRi LuvR| c_g GK evmvevwoZ KvR cvb| mLvb hvM`vbi Kqw`bi gaB ZvK awlZ nZ nq| w`b ivZ
wbqwgZ hLb GKvwaK cyili h_QvPvi PjwQj ZLb mLvb _K cvwjq GKRbi
mnhvwMZvq MvgUm KvR bb Ges mLvbI ZvK Dchycwi alYi wkKvi nZ nq|
Aevi Kvbv DbwZ bv nIqvq Ges Kvbv wePvii mvebv bv `L kl wZwb
mvnivIqv`x D`vb Gm Avkq bb| Zvici _K Pj gj-cywjk-`vjvjì
AevnZ ^QvPvii ga emevm|
MvgUm-gqì wbivcv I mvb w`q K_v ejv ev Zvì Aev Rvbvi Kvbv
AvMn GB mgvR `Lv hvq bv| KviLvbvi fZi Kx nj mmK Kvbv K_v mvaviYZ
gqivI ejZ Pvq bv| KviY wbqvMc bB, UWBDwbqb bB, hKvbv K_v Aciva
weePbv Kij GK K_vq PvKzwi hve| eKqv Zv memgqB GKUv eo AsKi _vK, Zv
Avi ZLb cvIqv hve bv| cwZgv cvj gRyg`vi MvgUm kwgKì Aev wbq MelYv
KiQb| `xbv wmwKx hb nqivwbi welqwUI `LZ Pv KiQb| GQvov wewQbfve
wKQz wKQz MelYvq MvgUm kwgKì KviLvbv Rxebi wP cvIqv hvq| `xbvK gqiv
ejQb,
Avby gynv`
bvixi RMZ

jvBbgvb gvbRviiv Avgvì KLbv LvbwK PzZgvivwb Qvov Kvbv K_v ej bv| KvR wbq
Pvc èvi mgqI ej, GZ evnvi wKmi? fvZvii KvQ Gjv `LvBm| KvR GKUz wXjv
coj ev ev_ig Mj Ggb me K_v ej hv Avcbvì ejZ cviev bv|
AviI ejQb,
MvgUm gqì `Lv nq Kzvi gZv| h-KD hb hv Lywk ZvB KiZ cvi Zvì wbq|
`xbvi KvQ GKRb kwgK bvix Zuvi AwfZv eYbv KiQb Gfve,
AvRKvj MvgUm-KviLvbvjvZ alY Lye mvaviY NUbv| MvW _K GgwW GgbwK evqviì
hb mnRjf me bvix-kwgK| GKevi GK KviLvbvq Avgvì KvR kl nq ivZ wZbUvq|
KviLvbvq H ZjvZB Avgvì _vKvi wb`k| Avgvi cvkB wQj GK myìx gq hvi w`K
GgwW-i bRi wQj KqKw`b ai| Avgvì kvqvi eev GgwWi Nii mvgbi KwiWvi|
cyil-kwgKiv mevB NywgqQ cvki eo Ni| (eNv KvRi ci mevB kvqvgv Nywgq MQ)
fvi PviUvi w`K GgwW Gm Rvi Ki wnuPo Ub wbq Mjv Avgvi cvk Nywgq _vKv
gqwUK| Avwg jvwdq DVjvg, _vgvZ Pv Kijvg, cvijvg bv| GgwW ZvK Ub wbq
cvkB GK wcjvii cQb wbq Mjv| mLvbB Zvi Kvco Ub wQuo djjv Ges Zvi
mebvk Ki ZvK wee iL GgwW Pj Mjv Zvi ig| gqUv nvgvwo w`q Kuv`Z Kuv`Z
Avgvi KvQ Gm GK UzKiv Kvco PvBwQjv| KviLvbvi Kvco Mvq w`qB wcjvi njvb w`h
em iBjv gqwU| em iBjv hZY KviLvbvi ìRv bv Lvj| wK LyjjI KviLvbvi
MvWiv ZvK eiZ w`wQjv bv KviY Zvi Mvq wQj KviLvbvi Kvco| Avwg MvWì AbK
eywSq mB Kvco diZ èvi cwZkwZ w`q Zvici IK wbq eijvg| gqUv `yBw`b KvR
AbycwZ wQj| Zvi mB `yBw`bi KvRi gRywi KU wbj KZc| Avgiv KqKRb cwZev`
KiZ PqwQjvg, wePvi `vwe Kivi Pv KiwQjvg| wK Avgvì Ggbme gwK `qv nj h
Avgiv Pzc gi Mjvg|
6.
MvgUm-bvix-kwgKi RMZ GLvbB kl bq| Gici AvQ cyo, wc nq, wUhy
feb Pvcv ci givi NUbv| cwZvi ci _K MvgUm-cwZvb KZRb Gfve giQb
wKsev KZRb cy nq co AvQb Zvi Kvbv wnmve bB| cywjki wjZI Kg giwb
kwgK| eQi òK AvM bvivqYMi KviLvbvq eKqv eZbi `vwe RvbvZ wMq
kwgKiv, gqivB AwaK, cywjk I gvvbì HKe wj I nvgjvi wkKvi nb| KZRb
wbnZ nqQb Zvi wnmve GLbI cvIqv hvqwb| Wb fi DVwQj i|
hvì wnmve èvi K_v Zviv, gvwjK I miKvwi KgKZv, Pv Ki wnmve jyKvbvi|
cyo wc nq ev Avv nq wewfb KviLvbvq hviv gviv MQb Zvì msLv memgq
Kwgq `Lvbvi Pv nqQ wewfb KviY| miKviI eivei GB jvBbB kw hvMvq|
mcwZ mvfvii cKUvg MvgUm-G feb am Pvcv cojb `yB kZvwaK kwgK| jvk
mbv njv 76| febi bxP AviI AbK jvk _vKZB DviKvR cwiZ NvlYv Kiv
nj| hv NUjv Zv miKvi-gvwjK h_ Pvq gZi msLv Kg `Lvbvi GK wbzi
MvQvbv AvqvRb| gZi msLv evoj wZc~iY w`Z ne, hwÌ Zvi cwigvY LzeB
A| m`vnvm MvgUm-gvwjK-bZv wUwf-DcvcK Avwbmyj nK nvwmgyLB mevBK
Avby gynv`
bvixi RMZ
Avk Kijb GB ej h, hviv wbLuvR Zviv Mvgi evwo wMq em AvQ| feb Pvcv
cov kwgKì Dcvq wQj bv mLvb _K ewiq Gm Zvi UzwU wPc aiv| RxweZ
^RbivI mB mvnm KiZ cvibwb| nqZv cvieb Kvbv GK w`b|
7.
hviv MvgUm kwgKì PvBZ GKUz fvjv mvgvwRK Aevb AvQb mB gawe wbggawe bvixì Aev Kx? wKQz wKQz cwKvq Avm, e Avm bv| c_NvU, wkvcwZvb Ges Kgj Aweivg h NUbvjv NUQ mjv AbK gqi jLvcov e
KiQ, AbK gqi KgRxeb wecb KiQ, AbK gqi Pjvdiv mxwgZ nq coQ,
AbK gqi cvkvK e`j hvQ| Gjv nj wecb bvixì ga hviv Zzjbvg~jKfve
ivcv Zvì Aev| Avi hviv GZUzKz iv cvqwb Zvì? wmwg, gwngv, igx mn e
bvg cwKvi cvZvq GmQ| hviv jLvcov ev KvR Kievi Rb c_ ewiqwQj| c_
_K `yei nvZ GmQ Ni ch| AvZnZv Ki Rxebi AviI e fqsKi AwfZv
_K wbRK mwiq wbqQ GB gqiv| `yeiv AvQ envj ZweqZ| cxob ay cvovi
eLvU Qjì KvR bq, Gi cQb _vK cexY gZvevbivI; hviv eLvUì eenvi
Ki Ges mKviY Zvì AcKg ccvlKZv Ki| Ges Rbivli gyL coj Dvi
Ki|
gawe Zvi Avv RMZ XK ivLvi AbK Pv Ki| GB Pv I XK ivLvi
GB mswZ ejvB evj `yeì Rb LyeB Avivg`vqK| RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjqi
Qvxiv alYweivax Av`vjbi ga w`q GKevi GB bxieZv fOwQjb mie|
Mvgi wPI wfb bq| Abvb mwnsmZv QvovI AvbyvwbKfve mfv Ki gqì
AvZnZvi w`K Vj èvi AbK NUbv Gi ga RvbvRvwb nqQ| Gjv wbQK
dZvqvi wbhvZb ej cwKvq GjI cyiv NUbv Zv bq| msev`c cKvwkZ
AbKjv NUbv weklY Ki Avwg h aib cqwQ Zv nj GiKg:
1| Avv ev Awfhy bvix kgRxex `yej cwievii;
2| AwfhvMKvix ev AvgYKvix ew ev eweM weevb I cfvekvjx;
3| KLbv KLbv dZvqv `vbKvix agxq ckvRxex I gZvevbiv GKB ew ev
Mvxi, KLbv dZvqv `vbKvix agxq ckvRxex GB gZvevbì eZbfyK Ges KiYvi
Ici wbfikxj;
4| Awfhy bvixi wei Kw_Z Aciva Avi gZvevbì vai KviY GK bq;
5| DvwcZ KviYi ga _vK mwVKfve weq bv nIqv, cg ev hbZvi mK
_vKv, kvjxbfve Pjvdiv bv Kiv, `~i Kg|
Avby gynv`
bvixi RMZ
6| cKZ KviY _vK: gqwU h cwievii m`m mwU gZvevbì wei hvIqv,
gZvevbì hb cve gqwUi A^xKwZ, gqwUi eevwnK Rxeb kl Ki ev Zvi
weqi c_ e Ki ZvK myjf Kievi evmbv, wnjv weqi myhvM mw Ki gqwUK
hbmK hZ eva Kiv;
7| MvgxY Ryiì GRv AbKmgq gZvevbì Dki mv_ gj; KLbv
Zvi `vwqZ ùvovq agxq eqvb w`q gZvevbiv hv Pvq ZvK eaZv `vb Kiv|
MvgxY gZvevb weevb I agxq ckvRxexì GB Re mK eKvj _KB Pj
AvmQ| Ges mKviY gZvevbì Akvjxb Pjvdiv, weevn ewnf~Z hb mK ev
Zvì nvRviv Aciva BZvw` wbq Mvg Kvbv kvwjk nq bv Ges Kvbv dZvqvI
kvbv hvq bv Zvì wei| kni Ges RvZxqfveI cwiwwZ GKB|
8.
Gjv nj bvixi kixi K` Ki h mvgvwRK mwnsmZvi cKwZ Zvi wKQz Pnviv| Gi
evBi cvwZvwbKxKZ eevejxZ bvixi Kx Aev? iv GbwRI Ges bvix-msMVbjv
bvixck Kxfve MnY KiQ Ges Kx Kx Zvì AMvwaKvi? Kg, mvb I msmvii
fvi wbq, bvbv AwjwLZ Abykvmb wbq bvixi h RwUj Pvc gvKvwejv KiZ nq Zvi
mwnsmZv A`k| bvixi GB iY Abì Abyfe Kivi cwiek mgvR Zwi nqwb|
evsjv`ki msweavb ejQ bvix cyil mgvbvwaKvii K_v| wK cvkvcvwk agxq
cvwievwiK AvBbjv envj _vKQ cejfve| Gi dj gymwjg, wn`y, Lxvb, e mKj
agvej^xì ga mw, weevn, mvb wbq bvixcyili h mK I AwaKvi-webvm
wbavwiZ AvQ Zv c~Ygvvq GLbI KvhKi| Gi dj wmWv-PzwZ ^vimn AvRvwZK
wewfb mfv-mjb evsjv`ki bvbv AxKvi mI cvwievwiK chvq bvixi `yej
AvBbx Aevb AvMi gZvB AvQ| wn`y e bvix mw DivwaKvi Kvbv Ask cvq
bv| gymwjg bvix KvMR-Kjg cvq AaK| KvMR-Kjg gvb eve Lye Kg gqB
evevi mwi cvc fvBqi AaK AskUzKzI cvq| ^vgxi Pvc _vK mB fvM wbq
Avmvi, Avi fvBì Pv _vK AveM w`q mw ck Pvcv èvi| evbi weePbv
_vK fvBì cwievi wbRi LuywU, wecì Avkq ivLevi Rb, mwi Ask fvBì
KvQB iL `qv| GiKg aviYv Ag~jK bq h, mw wbq wZZv mw Kij wec`
Avc` gqì Avi ùvovbvi RvqMv _vKe Kv_vq? ZvQvov Kvbv cwievi hw` ay
gq mvb _vK Zvnj evev gviv Mj mB mwi cavb Ask cve evevi fvBqi
cwievi, x ev Kbviv bq|
wn`y e bvix weevn I weevn weQ` GLbI AbK RwUjZv I AwbqZvi
myLxb| gymwjg bvixi weevn I weevn-weQ` cyili KZZ GLbI wewfbfve AUzU|
Gi fqsKi ic nj agxq wewai ARynvZ gwLK ZvjvK I wnjv weqi Pvc mw|
mvbi Dci gv-i AwaKvi mePvBZ hywhy evcvi njI mvevjK njB agxq
Avby gynv`
bvixi RMZ
cvwievwiK AvBb Abyhvqx mvbi Dci gv-i Avi AwaKvi _vK bv| hZzKi evcvi
evsjv`k AvBbZ wbwl wK mgvR msmvi hZzKi Pvwn`v AbK ew KiQ| evRvi
mKi weKvk me mKK Kxfve evRvix Ki Zvj hZzK RvZxq NUbv Zv PvL
AvOyj w`q `wLq `q| Kgmsvb bB, eemvi cuywR ìKvi; `k Kvbv fwelr bB
we`k hvIqv ìKvi; Nievwo bB evwo Kiv ìKvi; Mvwo bB Mvwo ìKvi; wUwf wdR
bB ìKvi; PvKzwii Rb Nyl ìKvi; cgvkbi Rb Nyl ìKvi GBmejvB hZzK
wnme Kvbv Kvbv gqi DvicY wnme DcwZ nq| bv cj Kx nZ cvi m
AviK exfrm ce| gvm hZ bvix Lyb nevi Lei cwKvq Avm Zvi GKUv DjLhvM
Ask Ni wbnZ, ^vgx èi Ges Zvì mnhvMx ki-kvox-bbì nvZ| cuywR nvZ
cvevi Rb mgvRi mKj iB Zwi nqQ GLb Dbv`bv|
y` FY GLb evsjv`ki cvq mKj Mvg FY-evwYRi GKwU mdj cwZ wnme
wevi jvf KiQ| GZUvB mdj h, Gi ceZK wnme cwiwPZ W. BDbym bvej
cyivii Rb gbvbxZ nqQb| z`-FY w`q bvixi gZvqb NUQ ej KZvewiv
`vwe Kib| wK MvgM GB z`FYK Avgiv `wL hZzKi AvaywbK ic wnme|
GQvovI bvix FY bq, ewkifvM Zvi eenvi Ki cyil| cyil eenvi KijI
FY cwikvai `vq bvixi Nvo| Kvbv ZvjvKi NUbv NUj bvixi msmvi Ges FYi
UvKv GKmv_B Pj hvq| ay `ytmn fvi _vK|
MvgxY evsK, evKmn FY evwYR-msvjv eiveiB `vwe Ki _vK Gme msvi
gvwjK Avmj Zvì me FYMnxZv| GB evMvoî AevnZ AvQ Avi Gme msvi cuywR
mseabI nQ AwZ`Znvi| gvevBj, MnwbgvYmn eemvwqK wewbqvM nQ bvbvLvZ|
wK `wi` bvix-m`miv Gme g gvUv nZ _vKv cuywR ev gybvdv mK wKQzB Rvbb
bv, wKQz Rvbevi DcvqI bB| Ask cvevi Zv ckB bB| A_P Zvì bvgB Gme msv
cvQ wekl iqvZ| Ges gvqvex `vwi` wegvPb Gi cwZvb wnme cvQ wekRvov
^xKwZ|
9.
cuywRev` hLb cKZ A_B GKwU GKK wekeevq cwiYZ nqQ ZLbB wekvqb bvg
GKwU aviYv gwngvw^Z Kiv nQ evcKfve| GB wekvqbi hyM AvRvwZK GKPwUqv
cuywRi AbK AvMvmbKB DcwZ Kiv nq Aekvex wnme| GQvov Avi Kvbv Dcvq
bB, Avi Kvbv c_ bB GB wekvmB Mo `qv nq mevi ga| cuywRi Av
RvwZKxKiYi ga evsjv`k iv GLb cuywRev`x wekeevi mvewmwWqvwi msv| Zvi
KvR, KvhKwiZv Ges AKvhKwiZv, Z_vKw_Z ^vaxbZv ev mvefgZ meB GB
cwicwZ `Lv ìKvi|
eZgvb wekeevq AbK ewk AxKZ evsjv`ki, Pvwn`v hvMvb mgxKiY,
bvixi Aevb Kx?
MvgUmmn idZvwbgyLx LvZ kwgK wnme bvixi msLvew bvix-kwgK cwiPq
Avby gynv`
10
bvixi RMZ
GKwU RbMvxKB KiQ| AvM kwgK ejZ evSvZv cyil, GLb KvbvfveB
Zvi Dcvq bB| Abvb I GgbwK wbgvYKvR, w`bgRywi BZvw`ZI bvixi msLv
eoQ| gawe, wbg-gawe ckvRxex wnmeI gqì msLv eoQ AbK|
wewfb chvq KgRxex bvixi msLvew fvv wnme Zvì AvqZb mcmvwiZ KiQ|
GB KgRxex bvixiv GLb AviI e cYi Zv, wevcbiI ZvivB UvMU| Pvgov dmv
Kivi dqvi G jvfwj _K cv-gv_vi hveZxq m`heab DcKiY| m`h-gvb
ZvìB wVK Kiv, wewfb cY wewi DchvMx| mvUjvBU UKbvjwR Gme cYi
evRvi mwZ DjLhvM fywgKv cvjb KiQ| wevcb, wmwiqvj meB| wewfb eemvwqK
msvi chvRbv ev bkikxc bvix-KjvY, `wi`-KjvY, mswZ-weKvk bvg
wewfb Kgm~wPi jI ZvB|
webv`b bvg GK eo evwYR mvgvR Zwi nqQ hv gmcmviYkxj| GB mvgvR
wKQzUv cKvk, eo AskB AcKvk| AwWI, wfwWI, Mvb, bvUK, PjwP BZvw`Z
wewbqvM AvMi Zzjbvq AbK eoQ| wewfb evwYRi m~iK wnme dvkb, gWj,
m`h-evwYR BZvwÌ weKwkZ nQ| GQvov AvQ cYvMvwd I cwZZvew| chywMZ
myweav w`q bvbv RvwjqvwZ cZviYv GB cYvMvwd evwYR e bvixi Rxeb ZQbQ Ki
w`Q| cwZZvewI ZvB| jyUiv weevbì msLvew cwZZv-cYvMvwdi Pvwn`v I
hvMvb `yUvB ew KiQ|
miKvi-cwieZb GB MwZavivq Kvbv Q` co bv| Gi kw evRvi, mvgvRev`x
wekeevq `ki cuywRev`x mcmviYi we`gvb ici ga| Bmjvgx `ji gZvq
Avmxb nIqvq Gjvi ew Qvov KgwZ `Lv hvq bv| eZgvb iv bvix-Dbqb wbq bvbv
Kgm~wP Avi bxwZi evKfvi RRwiZ, wK KvhZ Zv bvix cyili mgZvweavbK wbR^
Kw, mswZ, ag I HwZni cwicx weePbv Ki; Avevi GKBm bvixi Dci evwYRPvc, cZviYv, wbcxobg~jK ckv I wewaeev envj ivLZ Zvi bvbv wefvM mwq| alY,
hb nqivwb, GwmW-mvmmn bvbv mwnsmZvq bvixKB Ni divi Dc`k bZ nq|
`yeiv RMZ `Lj ivLe ZvZ Kvbv Amyweav bB| wK Ni Gm Zvi wbivcv
Kv_vq? ewkifvM AvgY Zv Ni GmB NU| cuywRev`x iv evRvii gyLvgywL ùvo
Kwiq w`qQ bvixK; Avi agvkqx iv bvixi hveZxq mPjZv wbqY Kievi Rb, bvixi
`kgvbZv gyQ djvi Rb, ag Avi mgvR mswZi Abykvmb bvgK hveZxq AvqvRb I
mwnsmZvK ccvlKZv w`Q|
10.
GbwRI-mvgvR bvix welqK Kgm~wPi GKwU AbZg RvqMv| AbK GwU GKUv
ckvi-Mc wnme KvR Ki| z`-FY wbq hviv e Zviv evRvii m bvixK hy
Kivi gbvhvMx| GQvov Zzjbvg~jKfve QvU QvU AbK GbwRI bvix-AwaKvi
BZvw` wbq KvR Ki _vK| alY, bvix-cvPvi, gZvqb BZvw` wbq `k-we`ki
weklì mwgbvi IqvKkci GLb evoevo Aev| gvS ga eiOv cvvi ei
Avby gynv`
11
bvixi RMZ
nq GwmW, bvix-cvPvi, gqwk wbq; BsiwR evsjv, wKQz evSv hvq, wKQz evSv hvq
bv| Znwej _vK, nq| nvRvii ga GKwU `ywU wbhvZbi gvgjvq Kvbv Kvbv msvi
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Ges mvgwMK wevwi AvenvIqvq bvix-Av`vjb I msMVbi eo AskB GLb cek

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14
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17
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ekv ejv nq| GB kwU NYv Ges Aevm~PK Ges ekv aygv bvixivB nZ cvi|
ekvì KvQ hviv hvZvqvZ Ki Zviv KDB GB aibi NYvi Aevb wPwZ nq bv|
G aibi AviKwU cPwjZ k cwZZv, hv Z_vKw_Z f` mgvR eenZ nq| GB kwU
vivI evSv hvq h cwZZv ay bvixB h mgvRPyZ Ges mgvRi Ask nqI mgvR
_K cwZZ KD| Avevi hbKgx kwU cuywRev`x gZv`k _KB GmQ ej aviYv Kiv
hvq| Avwg Avgvi jLvq Z_`vZvì wPwZ Kivi Rb cwZZv kwU eenvi KiwQ|
cwZZvì Av_-mvgvwRK, ivRbwZK I AvBbMZ g~jvqb

cwZZv ejZ mgvRPyZ GKUv Mvx evSvbv njI Avgiv Rvwb h cwZZviv Avgvì
mgvRiB GKUv Drcv` (evB cvWv) Ges eni mgvR-eevi GKUv Ask|
cwZZvì cwZ mgvRi cPwjZ g~jeva hZ LvivcB nvK cwZZvKiY cwqvq
kvnxbv cvifxb
19
cwZZv nIqv
mePq ekx `vqx Avgvì mgvReev| cvPxbKvji eev hvB _vKzK bv Kb eZgvb
cwZZvew mgmvi g~j Avgiv Av_-mvgvwRK cvcUK `LZ cvwi| wekkvlYeevi cv AevbKvix `k wnme evsjv`k h mvgvwRK fvvMov PjQ Zvi ga
MvgxY RbmvaviYi wbt^KiYi gvag DQ`| ki fvmgvb `wi` RbMY, Giv zavi
Rvjv gUvZ meiKg KvRB Ki| Avi Gi gvS hviv bvix Zviv Zv A_bwZK Aevi
mv_ mv_ mvgvwRK wblYiI wkKvi nq| GKRb bvix hw` mZxZ iv KiZ e_ nq
Ze mgvR ay ZvKB `vqx Ki, GgbwK alYi I|
Ze cwZZvewi wewfb aib AvQ hvi gvag mgvRi cPwjZ g~jeva I eevi
AmviZ cgvwYZ nq| KD cwZZvjq jvBmavix cwZZv, KD DuPz kYxi cyilì
iwZv, KD ev fvmgvb cwZZv| GB cwZZvì gvS Ggb kYx AvQ hviv AZ
DPwejvmx Rxebhvcb KiQ Avevi KD Pigfve wbMnxZ| iv Ggb AvBb Zix KiQ
hvi viv cwZZvewK Aea ckv ej Gi wbiva-Gi K_v ejv nq| A_P cwZZvì
jvBm `qvi wbqgI AvQ| A_vr GBI ki f bigi hg welqwU KvR Ki|
jkvb ebvbxZ hviv hviv DuPz kYxi cwZZv Zviv aiv-Quvqvi evBi| fvmgvb cwZZv
hviv w`b Avb w`b Lvq cywjkx-eevq mePq wbhvZbi wkKvi ZvivB nq|
MelYv cwZ
MelYvi gvV wQjv mvnivIqv`x D`vb| 2000 mvji gvP _K Rybi ga KqK
`dvq gvV hvB| gvU cbiRb fvmgvb cwZZvi mv_ K_v ejv nq| Z_`vZvi eqm
25 _K 35-Gi ga| MelYv-GjvKvq cek Kwi Kgm~ cwiwPZ GKRbi gvag,
Zvi MelYv GjvKvi cwZZvì mv_ ek fvjv ewMZ hvMvhvM wQjv| wZwb
AvgvK GKRbi mv_ cwiPq Kwiq `b Gici Snow ball cwZi gvag
Z_`vZvì mv_ hvMvhvM nq I AKvVvgvMZ mvvrKvi cwZ eenvii gvag Z_
msMn Kiv nq| mvvrKvi MnYi mgq Zvì eenvi I D`vbi cwiek cheY Kiv
nq| mvnivIqv`x D`vb `yB aibi fvmgvb cwZZv iqQ| wKQz cwZZv w`b I wKQz
cwZZv ivZ KvR Ki| Z_-msMni Rb me mgq w`bi ejvq gvV wMqwQ ej
AwaKvsk Z_`vZvB wQjv hviv w`bi ejv KvR KiZv|
ZvwK KvVvgv
bvixi AatbZv eySZ Gjmi The Origin of the Family, Private Property and
the State bvgK MwU mnvqK nqQ| Avby gynv` I dwi`v AvLZvii cwZZvì wbq
wKQy jLv MelYvi welqe mK aviYv Ki| GQvov cwZZvew wbq Aviv ek
wKQz cKvkbv chvjvPbv Kiv nqQ| Ze Avgvi jLvq cwZZvì AwfZvi AvjvK
weklY ùvo KiZ Pv KiwQ|
h KqRb Z_`vZvi mvvrKvi bqv nqQ Zviv mKjB GKwU cwqvi ga w`q
GB ckvq GmQ| KD ^Qvq GB ckvq Avmwb| Zvì Rxebi AwfZv, `ytL-K
kvnxbv cvifxb
20
cwZZv nIqv
I Kvb& cwqvq Zviv GB ckvq Avm Gjv Kivi Rb 15 Rbi ga 5 Rbi

KBm Zzj aiwQ| KBm AvjvPbvq cwZZvì Qbvg eenvi KiwQ| Kmjv
AvjvPbvi ci Avwg GKwU weklY ùvo Kivbvi Pv KiwQ|
KBm vwW (GK)
^cv fvmgvb cwZZv| eqm 26 ermi| m mvnivIqv`x D`vb I igbv-cvK KvR Ki,
ivZ dzUcvZ ev cvK Nywgq _vK| ^c&v 12 eQi eqm Zvi `~i-mKxq GK gvgvi
mv_ XvKvq Avm| Zvi gvgv ZvK GKwU evmvq KvRi Rb `q| mLvb wKQzw`b KvR
Kivi ci m bZzb AviK evmvq KvR hvq| mLvb evmvi Qji mv_ Zvi cg I
`wnK mK nq| Mvcb Zviv weq Ki| wKy Gme RvbvRvwb nj MnKZv Zv gb
wbZ Pvq bv| Gi gvS ^cvi GKwU mvbI nq| mvb nIqvi ci ^cvi ki Zvi
^vgxK `ki evBi cvwVq `q I ZvK evox _K ei Ki `q| Zvi ^vgxI Zvi
Avi Kvb LuvRLei bqwb| ^cvK evox _K ei Ki w`j m mvbK Mvg Zvi
evbi KvQ iL Avm Ges m MvgUm wZbkZ UvKv gvBbi GKwU KvR hvMvo Ki
bq| mLvb wKQzw`b KvR Kivi ci m MvgUmi `vivqvb KZK awlZ nq| wKQzw`b
ci m H KvRwUI nvivq| Gici ZvK GK gwnjv GK evmvq 900 UvKv gvBbi KvR
è ej wbq hvq| mLvb wZbRb ZvK cvjvg alY Ki| alY Kivi ci H gwnjv
ZvK 50 UvKv w`q ei Ki `q| Gici H gwnjvi gvagB m nvUj wKQzw`b KvR
Ki| nvUji GK Li ZvK UvbevRvi wbq hvq| m UvbevRvi 5 ermi KvR Ki|
mLvb m ekwKQz UvKv Rwgq wQjv| wK DQì mgq m wKQzB AvbZ cviwb|
DQì mgq m Kvwkgcyi 14 w`b ew` wQjv| mLvb _K cvjvbvi Pv Kij m
cywjki nvZ aiv co I cP gvi Lvq| Gici Zvi cwiwPZ GKRb ^vgxi cwiPq w`q
ZvK mLvb _K Qvwoq Avb| Qo `qvi mgq ZvK GKUv mjvB gwkb I mvZ
nvRvi UvKv `qv nq| wK HLvb _K wKQz`~i AvmZB wKQz jvK Zvi mjvB gwkb
Ko bq| Qvwoq Avbvi Rb cwiwPZ jvKwUK m cuvPkZ UvKv `q| evKx UvKv m
Mvg evbK w`q Avm| Gici m XvKvq Gm mvnivIqv`xZ fvmgvb cwZZv wnme
KvR i Ki|
KBm vwW (`yB)

Rvnvbvivi eqm 30 ermi| Zvi `yB mvb| Zvi evevi evox gqgbwmsn| weqi ci Zvi
^vgx ZvK XvKvq wbq Avm| ^vgx nvUj KvR KiZ| weqi ci c_g 4/5 ermi
^vgxi mv_ Zvi mK ek fvjv wQjv| Hmgq Zvi GKUv mvb nq| mvb Rbi ci
Zvi ^vgxi Ab GK gqi mv_ mK nq I bkvq Avm nq Ges RvnvbvivK Lye
wbhvZb KiZ _vK| Zvi ^vgxi mv_ evoxZ gvS-ga GK cywjk Gm bkv KiZv|
GKw`b Zvi ^vgx cywjkK evoxZ iL mi co I Rvnvbviv cywjki viv awlZ nq|
Gici _K cvqB Zvi ^vgx cywjki KvQ _K UvKv wbq mi coZv Ges Rvnvbviv
kvnxbv cvifxb
21
cwZZv nIqv
cywjki hb-jvjmvi wkKvi nZv| wK ^vgx msmvii Kvb LiP w`Zv bv| evPv I
wbRi Lvevi RyUvbvi Rb m evmv-evoxZ KvR i Ki wK evPvi KviY KD ZvK
ekx w`b KvR ivLZv bv| Gici m H cywjki mvnvh cywjki Bbdgvi wnme KvR
i Ki wK ekxw`b H KvR KiZ cvi bv KviY Zvi GK èi Rj wQjv, m Rj
_K ei nq RvnvbvivK H KvR Qo `qvi Rb nZvi gwK w`j m H KvR Qo
`q| Rvnvbvivi cU hLb Zvi wZxq mvb ZLb Zvi ^vgx ZvK Qo Pj hvq| Gici
m mvnivIqv`x D`vb Gm `n-eemv i Ki| cvq `yB ermi m GKvR KiQ| 5
gvm AvM Zvi UvBdqW nqwQjv| UvBdqW nIqvi ci _K m GK nvZ I GK cv
w`q Kvb KvRB KiZ cvi bv| D`vb m mvivw`b GKwU cwjw_b wewQq 5 eQii
Qj I 1 eQii gqK wbq q em _vK I D`vb 5 UvKvi wewbgq fvZ wKb
Lvq| m mvaviYZ ivZ Liì mv_ hb-mK vcb Ki| Zvi I Abvb
cwZZvì gZ m `LZ Lye myì ej GLbv Zvi KvQ Li Avm| Rvnvbviv Rvb
bv evKx Rxeb `yB mvbK wbq m Kxfve KvUve| GB wec` ZvK mvnvh Kivi gZv
KD bB|
KBm vwW (wZb)

Kvjxi eqm 28 ermi| Kvjx `yB mvb wbq AvwRgcyi ewZ emevm Ki| ^vgxi mv_
Zvi QvovQvwo nqQ| cvq 10 ermi hver m G ckvq AvQ| Zvi G ckvq Avmvi `xN
BwZnvm iqQ|
Kvjx hLb QvU wQjv ZLb Zvi evev gviv MQ| evevi gZyi ci Zvì msmvi
Afve-AbUb jMB wQjv| Zvi fvlvq, KD ZvK `LZ cviZv bv| mvivY
MvwjMvjvR KiZv| GB mgq Kvjxi Lvjv ZvK GK evmvq KvR `qvi Rb XvKvq wbq
Avm| Kvjx H evoxZ wKQzw`b _vKvi ci _K H evmvi Qji viv hb-nqivwbi
wkKvi nZ _vK| GKw`b m fq H evmv _K cvjvq| wK cvwjq m Kv_vq hve
Zv eySZ bv ci ivvq ùvwoq Kvu`Z _vK| ZLb ZvK GK gwnjv Avkq `q Ges
cieZxZ H gwnjvB ZvK GB ckvq wbq Avm| GB ckvq Avmvi wKQzw`b ci Zvi
GK Qji mv_ cg I weq nq| weqi ci m GB ckv Qo `q| wK weqi
wKQzw`b ci Kvjx RvbZ cvi Zvi ^vgxi Aviv GKRb x AvQ Ges Zvi ^vgx bkv
Ki| weqi AvM Zvi ^vgx Zvi mv_ Lye fvjv eenvi KijI weqi ci _KB
KvjxK Lye wbhvZb KiZ i Ki| GiB gvS Zvi GKwU mvb nq| ^vgx mvb I
Zvi LiP Zv w`ZvB bv Dci KvjxK `n-eemv Ki UvKv DcvRbi Rb Pvc w`Zv|
GgZvevq Kvjx cybivq GB ckvq wdi Avm I DcvRbi AwaKvsk UvKv Zvi ^vgxK
w`Zv| ZviciI Zvi ^vgx ZvK gviZv| Kvjxi cU hLb wZxq mvb ZLb Zvi ^vgx
ZvK Qo Pj hvq| GB mgq m Lye wec` co wKy KD ZvK mvnvh Kiwb|
mvb cU wbqI m cwZZvewZ wbqvwRZ _K mvb I Zvi Lvevi RywUqQ|
wZxq mvb Rbi ci wKQzw`b m GB KvR _K weiZ wQjv| wK Lvevii Afve m
kvnxbv cvifxb
22
cwZZv nIqv
cybivq GB ckvq Avm| GLb m KvR Avmvi mgq evPvì 300 UvKvi wewbgq GK
eyqvi KvQ iL Avm| cwZekxiv Rvb m MvgUm KvR Ki| m mKvj KvR Avm
Ges ivZ evox di| m Lye kxwN G KvR Qo w`q Kvcoi eemv i Kie ej
Rvbvq| KviY mvbì m fvjvfve gvbyl KiZ Pvq| m Lye fq cvq hw` cwZekxiv
Zvi GB ckv mK Rb hvq Zvnj Zvi cvkvcvwk mvbìI Lvivc PvL `Le|
KBm vwW (Pvi)

nvwg`v GKRb fvmgvb cwZZv| Zvi eqm 35 ermi| Mvgi evox Zvi gvqi mv_ Zvi
GKwU gv mvb _vK| Zvi mvbi eqm 15 eQi| nvwg`v weaev| bq eQi c~e Zvi
^vgx gviv MQ| Zvi ^vgx cywjk wQjv| ^vgxi gZyi ci ki evoxi jvKRb ZvK
Lye wbhvZb KiZv| ZvB nvwg`v mvbmn evevi evoxZ wdi Avm wK mLvb Zvi
fvBivI mvb I Zvi `vwqZ bqwb| GgZvevq nvwg`v wewfb Rbi KvQ UvKv avi bq
wK GKUv mgq KD ZvK avi w`Zv bv| G mgq nvwg`vK Zvi cwiwPZ GK Lvjv XvKvq
Gb GK evmvq KvR wVK Ki `q| mLvb nvwg`v cvqB MnKZvi fvB Gi hb-jvjmvi
wkKvi nZv| GB NUbv RvbvRvwb nj MnKx ZvK evmv _K ei Ki `q| Gici
nvwg`v Zvi cwiwPZ Lvjvi mv_ `Lv Ki Ges Zvi Lvjv nvwg`vK Zvi evmvq GK gvm
ivLvi ci D`vb Gb GB ckvq XywKq `q| cvq Pvi-cvuP ermi hver nvwg`v GB
ckvq AvQ| wK Zvi mvb, gv I cvov-cwZekx KD GB ckv m^ Rvb bv| mevB
Rvb m XvKv gwWKvj KjR nvmcvZvj KvR Ki| nvwg`v AvwRgcyi ewZ _vK|
m `ycyi 2/3 Uvq D`vb Avm, ivZ D`vb _vK Ges mKvj 7/8 Uvq evox di|
D`vb Avmv I hvIqvi c_ m gv_vq eo Iobv eenvi Ki| nvwg`v Zvi mvbK
KLbvB XvKvq Avbwb KviY m fxlY kwZ h QjK XvKvq Avbj me Rb hve|
AwbQvmI m G ckv Pvwjq hvQ Zvi mvbK jvjb-cvjbi Rb| nvwg`v ej,
nvqi nvq Avcv cUi `vq GBLvb AvwQ, Avgvi cwievii KD Rvbj Avgvi gyL
KD `Le bv| Avwg b nj wK ne Avgvi cwievii mevB cinRMvi| KD eviLv
Qvov Pj bv|
KBm vwW (cuvP)

bvRgvi eqm 29 ermi, weevwnZ, cwievi Zvi ^vgx I `yB mvb iqQ| Zviv AvwRgcyi
ewZ _vK| ^vgx Amy, Kvb KvR KiZ cvi bv| bvRgv msmvi Pvjvq| ^vgx Amy
nevi ci c_g m Kvcoi eemv KiZv, Kvcoi eemv wVKgZv PvjvZ cviwb|
Zvici KvMR KzovZv| wK Gjv Ki m ^vgxi wPwKrmv I msmvi KvbUvB PvjvZ
cviZv bv| Gici m cwZZvewZ Avm| 3 ermi hver m GKvR KiQ| GB KvR
Ki m ki-kvwoi `LvbvI KiQ I bb`K 10 nvRvi UvKv hZzK weq w`qQ|
m eo gqK covQ| bvRgvi cwZZvewi K_v ay Zvi ^vgx Rvb| Abvbiv Rvb
m MvgUm KvR Ki| bvRgvi G KvR KiZ fvjv jvM bv| KviY G KvR KiZ
kvnxbv cvifxb
23
cwZZv nIqv
ZvK bvbv iKg wg_vi Avkq wbZ nq| m Lye fq Ki h m h Rxeb-hvcb KiQ Zv
hb Zvi mvbì bv KiZ nq| m GKvR Qo wè KviY AvZxq-^Rbiv Rvbj Zvi
gyL KD `Le bv|
Li Abyhvqx UvKv cvB

cwZZvì wewfb kYx I eqmi Li iqQ| cwZZviv mgq, vb I Li Abyhvqx
ì KlvKwl Ki| Zviv hb-mK vcbi AvM UvKv wbZ cQ` Ki KviY AvM UvKv
wbj cZvwiZ nIqvi AvksKv _vK bv| A_vr Kvb Kvb Li hb-mK vcbi ci
UvKv bv w`q Pj hvq| Zvì DcvRbi Kvb wVK bB, KLbI ekx KLbI Lye Kg
20/30 UvKvi ekx DcvRb KiZ cvi bv| ew nj GB NUbv ekx NU| ìKlvKwli
`vjvjì AbK f~wgKv iqQ| cvq mKj cwZZvi mv_ `vjvjì mK
iqQ| mvaviYZ D`vb ev`vg, Svjgyywo, Pv I fvZ weZviv `vjvj wnme KvR Ki|
Giv NvU ej cwiwPZ| cwZZviv Zvì ckvi vwqZ ivi Rb `vjvjì mv_ mK
ivL| `vjvjiv cvqB Zvì Li wVK Ki `q, wewbgq A_ bq| D`vb wUK _vKvi
Rb cwZZvì gvvb I cywjki mv_ mK iv KiZ nq UvKv ev webv cqmvq hbmK vcbi gvag| Zvì DcvRbi GKUv Ask Pj hvq Abi nvZ| gvS-ga
Zvì UvKv wQbZvBI nq hvq, mvaviYZ ivZ ekx wQbZvB nq| mvnivIqv`x D`vb
hviv w`bi ejvq KvR Ki Zviv D`vb hb-mK vcb Ki bv| Liiv Zvì
wmbgv nj, nvUj I evoxZ wbq hvq| mvaviYZ ivZi ejv Lii msLv ew cvq|
ivZi ejv cZK Lii Rb 2-3 wgwbU eiv _vK| wKQy cwZZv AvQ hviv GK
ivZ 30/40 Rb Lii mv_I hb-mK vcb Ki| G Liiv Mvj nq
wNi _vK I GKRbi ci AviKRb Gm hb-mK vcb Ki| G Zvì
DcvRb nq 400-500 UvKv|
Avgiv bv
cwZZviv wbRì bv fve Ges cwZZvewK b KvR ej NYv Ki| KviY Avgvì
mgvRi gZv`k njv GKRb bvix aygv weq bvgK cwZvbi gvag GKRb cyili
mv_ hb-mK vcb Kie| wK cwZZviv hnZz AbK cyili mv_ hb-mK
vcb Ki ZvB Zviv b| mgvRi gZv`k Zvì ga wqvkxj ZvB Zviv wbRì I
Ab cwZZvì NwYZ I Ak fve| ekxifvM cwZZvi cwieviB Zvi G ckv
mK Rvb bv| AbK mvb jvjb-cvjbi Rb GB ckvq GmQ Ges mvb hb
G ckv mK RvbZ bv cvi Zvi Rb bvbvb Kkj Aej^b Ki| GB ckvi
wewfb bwZevPK w`Kjv Zviv Rvb GB KviY NyYviI Zviv KD Pvq bv h Zvi
mvb G ckvq AvmyK| GgbwK Kvb gqB G ckvq AvmyK GUv Zviv Pvq bv|
kvnxbv cvifxb
24
cwZZv nIqv
cwZZv nIqv ewMZ cQ`-AcQì welq bv

cwZZvì Rxeb-BwZnvm _K AZ GUv ejv hvq h cwZZv nIqv ewMZ cQÀcQì evcvi bv| Lye Kg cwZZvB gvbwmKfve cwZZvewK MnY KiZ cvi|
cwZZvì evBi Ab bvixivI G ckvK NYv Ki| GZ wKQyi ciI Kb bvixiv GB
ckvwUK eQ bq Zv eySZ nj mvgvwRK mKjv hgb bvix-cyili ga mK,
A_bwZK, ivRbwZK, AvBbMZ, agxq, eZgvb I HwZnvwmK mKj cvcUKB eySZ
ne|
HwZnvwmKfve cwZZvewK cyil-AvwacZi djvdj ejv hvq| Gjm
cwievi, ewMZ gvwjKvbv I ivi Drcw bvgK M `Lvb h cvwZvwbKxKiY cwqv
hLvb GKwU wji AMMwZi mnvqK, mLvb GKB cwqv wecixZ wji wbcxobi
KviY| mvgev`x mgvR ewMZ gvwjKvbv cwZwZ nIqvi ci bvix AatbZvi m~Pbv
nq| ewMZ gvwjKvbv cwZwZ nIqvi ci agxq, mvgvwRK g~jeva I cvwievwiK
eevi gvag bvixì m~Yfve Ave Kiv nq| GKw`K bvixi mZxZ iv Abw`K
cwZZvjq eev hv _K mgvR cyiyl-AvwacZ I AvBbi AmviZ cgvwYZ nq|
cyuwRev`x mgvRi ewk Ggb h GLvb ewMZ cQ`-AcQì iZ ekx| wK GB
cQ`-AcQ` wbavwiZ nq A_bwZK gZv viv| cwZZvì Rxeb-BwZnvm _K ejv
hvq h mnvq-m^jnxb bvix c_gB Zvi `n wew Kiwb eis wewfbfve RxweKv-wbevni
Pv KiQ| wK cvq cwZwU m jvwZ, wbcxwoZ GgbwK awlZ nqQ| Gfve
mgvRB ZvK evisevi AcgvwbZ I Ac` KiQ Avevi mvgvwRK g~jevaB Zvi cwZ
NYv Zix KiQ hLb m cUi `vq `n wew KiZ eva nQ| eZgvb cwZZvì
c~Y mvgvwRK ghv`v w`q Zvì KvRK A_bwZKfve ^xKwZ `qvi K_v ejv nq, Zv
g~jZ kvlYi bZzb chvq| hLvb gvbeZvi ^xKwZ Gjv Dcj gv| KviY cuywRev`x
mgvR hUv Dcj _vK Zv njv gybvdv-ew| cwZZvewK cuywRev` eenvi KiZ
PqQ A_bwZK `wZ| h KviY bvix`n eZgvb eeZ nQ cY wnme|
cuywRev`x cvcU cwZZvjq DQ` ev cwZZv cybevmb Kvb wKQzB cwZZvì
KjvYi Rb bq eis A_bwZK Drm wbq DP-kYxi ga , gybvdv mevPKiY
BZvw`B g~j j _vK| KviY ^cvi Rxeb _K ejv hvq m cwZZvjq h UvKv
DcvRb KiwQjv DQì mgq Zv nvwiqQ Ges m mvgvwRK ghv`vmn Kv_vI
cybevwmZ nZ cviwb| eZgvb m fvmgvb cwZZv nq NyiQ|
Dcmsnvi
Dciv AvjvPbvi cwZ ejv hvq h GKRb cwZZv Zvi RweK I gwjK Pvwn`v
c~iYi Rb c_gB G ckv eQ bq bv| wbgeMxq bvixiv bvbvfve wbhvwZZ I wbcxwoZ
nq G ckvq AvmZ eva nq| Ges GB ckvq Avmvi ci Zviv mgvRi g~javivi mv_
wgkZ bvbvwea Kkj Aej^b Ki hv ZvK AviK aibi wbcxobi ga dj| G
KvRi ga _K m G KvR Qo w`Z PvBjI bvbvwea eveZvi KviY cvi bv|
kvnxbv cvifxb
25
cwZZv nIqv
cwZZvì wbR^ `wfw hnZz Zix nq mgvRi cvcU ZvB ZvivI wbRì
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mnvqK cKvkbvmg~n
dwi`v AvLZvi, UvbevRvii gqiv hbKgx bq, wbhvwZZ bvix, fvii KvMR, 1999|
Rwibv ingvb Lvb I njvjDwb Lvb Aviwdb, iv I cwZZvew, mgvR wbixY, msLv-29|
Avby gynv`, gvZZi gwngv gvZZi `vq, mvvwnK Abbv, C`msLv 2000|
Avby gynv`, bvix cyil I mgvR| XvKv, 1997|
dWwiK Gjm| cwievi, ewMZ gvwjKvbv I ivi Drcw-Gi evsjv Abyev`, cMwZ cKvkb, gv|
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kvnxbv cvifxb ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi bwevb wefvMi cfvlK|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU gwKvi wkx Artemio Rodriguez (1972) Gi| bvixi
KvVLv`vB bvgK wmwiRi Afy GB Qwei bvg wcjvR| ejv ìKvi h GLvb gyw`Z QwewU Avmj g~j
Qwei A GKUz Ask KU-bIqv| QwewU BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.artinthevault.com/rod
riguez/pillows.jpg|
kvnxbv cvifxb
26
cwZZv nIqv

1g msLv 2006
gvevi&iv wmwKv
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kZK
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Pv KiwQjb| mgmvgwqK Gme AvaywbK cyili KgZrciZv, cwZwqv, wPv-PZbv
gvevi&iv wmwKv
27
bvix: Dwbk kZK
I Ae`vb mK AbK Z_mg BwZnvm M iwPZ nqQ| wK hvì wbq GZ

ZvoRvo, GZ Zvjcvo Zvì cwZwqv Kx wQj ev Zviv wbRìK Kxfve g~jvqb
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cm wewfbfve vb cqQ| GiB cvcU bvixi `wZ bvixi Aevb g~jvqb
mK eZgvb iPbvi m~cvZ|
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Qvcv nZ (Abyicv èx, 1941: 131), wK mLvb Zvì Kvbv bvg wQj bv,
cwiPqvcK wKQy K_v hgb eivn bMievwmbx weiwnbx, ev evYx , x, AgyKx
èx BZvw` jLv _vKZ| dj Zvì cwiPq Rvbv hvq bv| 1856 Lxv cKvwkZ
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KKvwgbx `vmx DjL KiQb h ^mgvRi bvixì DyKiY gvbm Zvi ^bvg M
cKvki KviY ev Dk| Zuvi fvlvq DrK nDK ev AcK nDK GKUv `v cvBj
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Zuvi mgvR mPZbZvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| M eae, Kwjb c_v, Awae`b c_vi (x
RxweZ _vKv mZI cyili cybivq weevn) Kej co bvixi `ytmn RxebhYvi K_v
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Zgwb bvixwkvi Dci iZvivc KiQb bvixwkv-weivax I bvix-wnZlxi Pwi

ev`x-cwZev`xi ga w`q Ges cwZev`xi ee wZwb vb ev we`vnxbZvB bvixi
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ay KKvwgbx bb G mgqKvi mKj bvixiB iPbvi welq wnme cvavb cqQ
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28
bvix: Dwbk kZK
weaevì weevni eev, RvZvwfgvb `~i Kiv, ev agi cmvi, mevcwi bvixwkvi
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AviK bvix Kjvmevwmbx èx Zvi ewMZ Rxeb cm DjL KiQb h, `k eQi
eqm hLb Zvi weq nq ZLb wZwb m~Y Aivbnxb wQjb, wkv welq Zvi Kvbv
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M iPbv Kib, hvZ Zuvi ^vaxb wPv-PZbvi cKvk NUQ| wZwb AMR jwLKv
evgvmyìx èxK c_ c`kK ej DjL KiQb| Zuvi wn`y gwnjvMYi nxbvev
(1863) M bvixi Rb _K i Ki Zvì cwZ gvZvwcZvi AvPiY, weevn cieZx
Aev, wewfb mvgvwRK cwZeKZv, we`vnxbZv, eaehYv, GKK_vq evOvwj bvixi
mvgwMK Rxebi cwZ AvjvKcvZ KiQb; Gi m mgvRi LyuZjv Mfxifve
cheY Ki Gi eYbv c`vb KiQb| MwU mgKvjxb bvixi `yievi eve `wjj|
Zuvi Aci M wn`y AejvKzji we`vfvm I Zvnvi mgybwZ (1865)-Z wn`y bvixì
Kb wkv `qv nq bv, Awkvi Kzdj wK, G mK mgvRi cyil I gwnjvì gbvfve
Kgb, Kb wkv `qv DwPZ, bvix wkvi mydj Kx Kx BZvw` welq vb cqQ|
Kjvmevwmbx èxi ewMZ Rxeb I Mi welq _K GUvB cZxqgvb nq h, Awkv
bvixK `yej I nxbPZv KiQ, hLbB m wkvi Quvqv cqQ ZLbB Zvi ga
mPZbZveva Rb wbZ i KiQ| G eva viv ZvwoZ nq Dwbk kZKxq bvix-mgvR
Zvì AevbK g~jvqb KiQ| Kjvmevwmbx èx m mgqB ek mvnmi m
iYkxj cyilkvwmZ mgvRi mgvjvPbv Ki ejb h ^v_ci cyili `gbbxwZB
bvixRvwZK wkvnxb Ki ZzjQ| G cm Zuvi ge,
wK wn`y, wK gymjgvb, wK Lxvb mKj RvZxq kvB Kw_Z AvQ h, cZx cwZi AA îc
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cwiZvM KwiZb ... Zvnviv ewYZvMYK m~Yic Avq ivwLevi AwfcvqB Zvnvw`MK
we`vimi myavgq gvayh Av^v`b KivBZ BQv KwiZb bv A_ev cvQ Zvnviv we`vej kZ
jvf Kwiqv cyilMYK AMvn Ki ... GB cKvi wewea Avkvq kwZ nBqv Zvnviv xMYK
wbZvB wbeva; we`vfvm Akv ewjqv wb`k KwiZb| (gvevi&iv wmwKv, 2000: 169)
wZwb gb Kib GfveB fviZel _K bvixwkv `~ixfZ nqQ| wkvi mvgvb Avjv
cq m mgqKvi bvixiv hfve Aevb Zzj aiQb ZvZ Zvì F gbbi cwiPq
gj| Zviv eySZ ciwQjb Zvì mK h nxbaviYv mgvR cvlY Ki Zv Zvì
m bq, cyivUvB AvivwcZ| AwaKvi _K ewZ Ki ivLvi djB Zviv gv_v DuPz Ki
ùvovZ cvibwb|
^mgvRK Dy Kivi Rb mPZb bvixì h cPv Zv KweZv, M, ce,
RxebK_v BZvw` wewfb AvwK ic cqQ| Kvwgbx myìx èx c_g evOvwj gwnjv
bvUKvi| Zuvi ek KqKwU KveMI cKvwkZ nqwQj| Kbv Kzmyg (1881) Kvei
beDbwZkxjvi gbi K_vq Zuvi gbi evmbvB e nqQ| wZwb bvixì Avn&evb
gvevi&iv wmwKv
29
bvix: Dwbk kZK
RvbvQb Gfve
cyil bv Pve, mvnvh bv je
K_v bv Kwne Zvì mb|
Aaxbx ewjq PiY Vwjq
iLQ dwjq KwVb gb ||
Gm fMxMY, jB ^vaxbZv
wkv Kwi, Kwi cwe `q
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^c` _vwKe wKmi fq? (gvevi&iv wmwKv, 2000: 27)
GLvb ewZmb wkwZ ^vaxb bvixi ^c icvwqZ nqQ| cyili mvnvh ewZiK
bvix Zvi hvMZvi cgvY wè, Kwe G-evmbv cvlY KiQb| AvjvP bvixì mKjB
mfvMekZt ^vgxi mnhvwMZv cq wkwZ mPZb nq DVwQjb| Zvì D`vi-^vgx
wPvi RMZK cmvwiZ Kivi myhvM w`qwQj| wK G mgq Ggb GKRb bvixi mvb
cvIqv hvq whwb cyK c jLvi Rb eKk wbR cPvq wjLZ coZ wkLwQjb
Ges m wkvK KvR jvwMq evsjv mvwnZi c_g AvZRxebx Avgvi Rxeb (1868)
iPbv Kib| MwUZ ay Zuvi Rxeb bq, mKvji mgvR eev, bvixì Rxeb-hvcb,
Atcyii e LuywUbvwU wP aiv coQ| Zuvi AvZK_vq wkvi Afve bvixiv h BZi
chvq cuQwQj Zvi mg_b cvIqv hvq|
ZLb Avgvw`Mi `ki mKj AvPvi-eevB g` wQj bv, wK G welqwU fvwi g` wQj| mKjB
gqQjK we`vq ewZ Kwiqv ivwLqvwQjb| ZLbKvi gqQjjv wbZv nZfvMv, cKZ
ci ga MYbv KwiZ nBeK| (ivmmyìx èx, 1360: 40)
Zuvi AvZK_vi wewfb vb wkvi cwZ Zvi cej AbyivMi K_v e KiQb| mgvR I
kvi wewawbla bZ bZ bvixivI gb KiZ wkvi cwZ Zvì Kvbv AwaKvi
bB| ZvB Zviv G welq Kvbv AvMn `LvZ bv Ges AbìKI weiZ ivLZ Pv
KiZ| mgKvjxb mgvR-gvbwmKZv bvixwkvK Kx cwigvY evnZ KiwQj ZvI wZwb
DjL KiQb| wZwb Avc Ki ejQb,
Avnv wK Avci welq gq Qj ewjqv wK GZB `y`kv ! Pvii gZb e`x nBqvB _vwK, ZvB
ewjqv we`v wkvZI `vl? (ivmmyìx èx, 1360: 44)
ivmmyìxi gZ gvbKzgvix emyI LuyR cvb bv eevwmbxi `vl Kv_vq? Kb Zvi Dci
wbgg mvgvwRK elg? Zuvi KbKvwj (1896) Kvei e evwmbx KweZvq h
bvixPZbvi ewntcKvk NUQ, Zv evweK| evOvwj bvix Rb _K weevn, weevn cieZx
mgqI wewfbfve ebvi wkKvi| mgvR Zvi iPz w`q ay bvixKB kvwmq PjQ|
`xN KweZvi GKvsk wZwb ejQb h fvBevb GKm wgj Ljvi ci mvq hLb evwo
di, ZLb
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Avwg cvB wPo gywo
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gvevi&iv wmwKv
30
bvix: Dwbk kZK

`v`vi gvwbK hv`y ewj-me Zvl;
eevwmbxi Rb Rvwbbv wK `vl| (gvbKzgvix emy, 1303: 187)
G eevwmbx msmvi Avivgk~b w`bhvcb Ki, Zvi cwZ mgvR AKcvc~Y `w nvb, G
Aevq wewai wbKU Zuvi GKgv cv_bv bvixnxb nq e _vK cwiZvl| h e bvixi
Rb AbyKj bq ZvZ bvix bv _vKvB kq gb Kib wZwb|
wMix` gvwnbx `vmxI evOvwj mgvRi GKPz bxwZi mgvjvPbv KiQb| Kwe
wnme Zuvi cwiwPwZ _vKjI mvgvwRK mPZbZvg~jK wbeI wZwb iPbv KiwQjb|
Zuvi welg mgmv bvgK ce wZwb KVvi fvlvq AvgY Ki ejQb h cyiliv
cyil-ciivq Mvqi Rvi gqì nxbZv`vl `vlx KiQ| cyiliv AagZvcK
Kvbv KvR Kij ZLb bvixi m Zzjbv w`q ej _vK AgyK xjvKiI Aag| wK
G AagZi KviY wnme wZwb `LQb bvixi myhvMi Afve| bvix mK cyili G
aibi gbvfveK wZwb we`c KiQb BsiRì m evOvwj cyili Zzjbv Ki| Zuvi
fvlvq,
GKRb BsiR cyili Kg`Zv, wbfxKZv, AUjZvi mwnZ Zzjbv Kwij GKRb evOvjx
cyilK igYxi gZB cZxqgvb nq| wK ZvB ewjqv Ggb wmv DcbxZ nIqv hvq bv h
evOvjx wPiKvj BsiRi KivbxwMwi Kwievi gZ Dcv`vbB MwVZ nBqvQ| (wMix` gvwnbx
`vmx, ****: 607)
bvix Rbvewa Mnvjxi KvR mv`b Ki ejB h eywnxb, vbnxb Zv bq, wkv,
^vaxbZv I myhvM cj mB cyili gZv mvgwMK KgKv hvMZvi cwiPq w`Z
cvi| wZwb cyili ^v_ci `wfxi mgvjvPbv Ki ejQb h, hLbB Kvbv bvix
Rocyjxfve ZvM Ki vbPz Dbxjbi Pv KiQ ZLbB cyil mgvR bvbv
cwZeKZv Zix KiQ| mvb jvjb-cvjb wcZvgvZv DfqiB KZe njI evOvwj
mgvR m KvR GKZidv bvixi Dci ewZqQ| wZwb vfi m ejQb,
Kej mvbK b`vb I cyili `vmxZi wbwgB wK bvix mwRZ nBqvQ? cyili Lqvji
Dci, AbyMni Dci wbfi Kwiqv _vwKevi Rb bvixi mw nBqvQ? GK_v Kn ewjZ cvi bv|
(wMix` gvwnbx `vmx, ****: 608)
mgvRm G wjxq elgi wei Dwbk kZKxq bvixiv h gbvfve cvlY KiwQj Zv
AvaywbK bvixi wfwK my`p KiQ| AvjvwPZ jwLKviv KD-B DPwkwZv wQjb bv|
mvgvb AivbK cyuwR Ki h_ K mn Ki, KD wkwZ ^vgxi GKv cPvq
Avevi KD evji wkvK eaei ci kvwYZ Ki jLvjwL KiwQjb| wK G
PPvUvI mnRmva wQj bv; KviY bvixi we`vPPvi ZrKvjxb HwZwnK mgvR wQj
fqiic cwZKj| G Aevi wKQy cwieZb NU G kZKi GKevi kl avc|
mPZb bi-bvixi h_ D`vM evOvwj bvix ZLb Mni evBi zj-KjR hZ i
KiQ| KD KD Avevi ivbwZK KgKvI AskMnY i KiQ| ^YKzgvix èx
c_g evOvwj bvix whwb fviZxq KsMmi 5g (ev^vB 1889) I 6 (KjKvZv 1890)
Awaekb cwZwbwaic hvM`vb KiwQjb (ccwZ kvkgj, 1378: 101)| Ze
^YKzgvixi mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK Aevb wQj mgKvjxb Abvb bvixì Pq wfbZi
gvevi&iv wmwKv
31
bvix: Dwbk kZK
Ges DbZZi| VvKzievwoi Mnvb h wkv wZwb cv nqwQjb Zvi wQUdvUv AvjvP
wbei Abvbì fvM RvUwb| m mgqKvi jwLKvì ga GKgv GKvWwgK
wkvq wkwZ wnme `Lv hvq Kvwgbx ivqK| wZwb zj KjRi cwZwU chvq
KwZZi m DxY nq wkKZvK ckv wnme MnY KiwQjb Ges AvZwbfi nIqvi
ciB weq KiwQjb| GKgv Kvwgbx ivq ev` G mgqKvi AvjvwPZ me jwLKviB weq
nqwQj 10 _K 13 eQii ga (gvevi&iv wmwKv, 2000: 27)| ewZmb,
wkwZ, ^vej^x h bvixi ^c Zuvi AMRiv iPbv KiwQj Zvi AbKUv eveic Kvwgbx
ivq| mnRvZ Kve-cwZfvi cwiPq-mg KveM Avjv I Qvqv (1889) Zuvi weevnc~eKvj cKvwkZ| Gi igYxi î KweZvq Zuvi gvbmjvK | bvixi msKU bvixRvwZK
GwMq Avmvi Avn&evb iqQ ZvZ| bvixi ewZ I kwiB Aci bvg bvixZ| mB
bvixZi Acgvb Ab bvixì AcgvwbZeva Kiv DwPZ Ges G Rb bvixmgvRKB
cwZev`x nq Amyi `jbx ic DbvPbi WvK w`q ejQb,
cyiliv AvR cyilZnxb
mPj-gbq-cyZwj bvix;
mRxe h Zvi-B gvb Acgvb
Mie, mvnm, exiZ ZviB|
igYxi Zi Kuv` bv igbx
jvR Acgvb Rj bv wnqv?
igYx kKwZ Amyi `jbx
Zviv wbiwgZ wK avZz w`qv? (Kvwgbx ivq, 1348: 39)|
GZY hvì gvbm-cwiPq Abymvbi Pv PjQ Zuviv mKjB wn`y m`vqi|

cwZekx evOvwj gymwjg bvixi gbvRMZi îcUv ZLb Kx wQj G mK Lye ekx
Rvbv hvq bv| wn`y cyiliv ^m`vqi bvixì Dvi ev gbvRMZi DbwZi Rb
GwMq GmwQj| wK gymwjg bvixi Rb G aibi Kvbv cPv H mgqKvi cyil mgvR
bqwb ejv hvq (CkiP` we`vmvMii Av`vjb ^m`vqi ga mxgve wQj)| hv wKQy
z` z` ewMZ cPv `Lv hvq Zv gymwjg bvixivB wbqwQj| Kzwgjvi beve dqRybmv
Zuvi Aj bvixì Rb zj, nvmcvZvj Zix KiwQjb| ivKqv mvLvIqvZ nvmbi
gvbm-MVb nqwQj Dwbk kZKB| wK Zuvi jLvjwL ev KgKv wek kZKi ii
w`K m~wPZ nq| wZwbB gymwjg bvixì AvjvKewZKvi mvb w`qwQjb| Zuvi ziavi
jLbx, AmvaviY cheY gZv, Zxe evwZ RRwiZ nqwQj iYkxj evOvwj
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16 kebg gykZvix, gqgbwmsn Aji jvKmsMxZ cwiwPwZ, AcKvwkZ mgxv I cwZe`b, 2001
(dvKjvi wefvM, ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq), c. 34|
17 Zzlvi Pvcvavq, jvKmswZi Zic I îc mvb, (KjKvZv: G gyLvRx Gv Kvvbx, 2002),
c. 305|
18 Zè, c. 305|
19 wbR^ msMn: hvi KvQ _K: Zviv wekvm, eqm58, MvgAvosNvUv, _vbv`jZcyi, Lyjbv| msMnKvj:
mî, 2001|
20 Mazharul Islam. The Theoritical Study of Folklore. (Dhaka: Bangla Academy, 1998)
p. 255.
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Ki bv), Avgvi cwievi, ez, mncvVx, wkK, msMVb, Kg, mgvR hLb cwZw`b
cwZgyn~Z AvgvK gb Kwiq `q Avwg ayB GKRb bvix, Avgvi KvRi g~jvqb ne
ayB GKRb bvix wnme, ZLb mwZB hw` Avwg wbRI wbRK bvixi Pq ewk wKQy
fveZ bv cvwi, mgvRi AvLvwqZ bvixmyjf KvR ev AvPiYi evBi eivZ bv cvwi,
Zvnj mB Aciva Kvi ? bvwK GB aibi KZ~njI wbQK bvixmyjf ej Pvwjq
èb Avgvì cvRbiv|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
bvQwib Awc XvKv wekwe`vjqi AvRvwZK mK wefvMi wkv_x| wekwe`vjq covi mgq bvixAv`vjbi mv_ IZcvZfve hy _K KvR KiQb|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU hvwgbx ivq (18871972) Gi KvKUvm| BUvibU _K
bIqv: artswithoutborders.com/artsindia/art/artists/roy/images_m/roy_cactus_m.jpg|
bvQwib Awc
48
gawei Wvqwi

1g msLv 2006
D gymwjgv
G `ki bvix ivRbxwZK:

wcZv/^vgxi wicmgU
niZvj ev Abvb Av`vjb Kvb Kvb ivRbwZK-`j bZzb dvkvb wnme B`vbxs
bvixì wgwQji myLfvM ùvo KivZ ek Zrci| G ZrciZv AvRKvj eoQ wK
G h AvM KLbI wQj bv Zv wK bq| fvwmwU-Z covi mgq mB Avwki `kKI
`LZvg Qv-ivRbxwZKiv memgqB PvBZb wgwQji myLfvM AZt `y cvuPRb myìx
(bv cvIqv Mj hbZbB mB) gq (Zviv ivRbxwZ KiK ev bvB KiK) kvfveabi
Rb evbvi nvZ wbq webg-fwZ cQbi wekvj cyil-Rbmgy`K c_Pjvq AbyciYv
w`K| Gfve GKw`b `yw`b Ki wgwQji mvgb nvuUZ nvuUZ H gqì gaB KD
KD cieZxZ bvix-bx wnme Avwef~Z nqQb| Ze mmKj bx ivRbxwZi
hZUv bv mdj nqQb ZviP AbK ewk ^vi iLQb bvixgyw Av`vjbi |
Avgiv G hver KRb bvixK wbRY ivRbxwZZ mdj nZ `LwQ? Avgvì Pvicvk
GK gwZqv Payix Qvov Zv KvDKB Zgb mdj ej gb nq bv|
GjvKvi AgyK Rbwcq ivRbxwZK Lyb nqQb ev gviv MQb? KzQ civqv bwn|
Dbvi x ev Kbv iqQb bv? wb`b-c vZeay ev fvBwS? `vuo Kwiq `vI Zvì|
K fvU VKvq! G`k bvixì ivRbxZ Gi Pq eo mwZ evanq Avi wKQyB bB|
Zv bv nj bvix-miKvicavbi kvmb Avgvì KU Mj GKhyMiI ewk| A_P H
mKj wicmgUiv bvix-ivRbxwZK nIqv mI msm` bvixi cwZwbwaZK Kej
DcvB KiQb bv bvixgyw Av`vjbi bZv/bxì eyov Avyj `wLq wbRì
WvwgZ Pvwe `qv cyil-nvZKB cKvivi kwkvjx KiQb| mg_b bv KiI Zv Dcvq
bvB| hyw `wLq GKwU wmv cuQvbvi gZ gMR _vKj KD wicmgU-Gi
Acev` gv_vq wbqI Avvjb KiZ gvV bvgb?
cyiv bvwK mnRvZfveB Abì myZvK Clv Ki| wicmgUiv wbq Pvb
bvixiv ivRbxwZZ AvmyK Ze ZvìB gZ wicmgU nq| GKK hvMZvq Kvb bvix
`k-kvmb cwZwbwaZ Kieb G myeyw hwb bv Zvì cyZK AwZg KiQ Zwb
ch msm` bvix-Avmb wbq weZKi Aemvb ne ej gb nQ bv|
wicmgU-ì hviv fvU `vuo Kivb ev wbevwPZ Kib Zviv wK AvmjB Kvb
bvixK gZvq `LZ Pvb? G Zv cyilZvwK aviYvi mv_ GKduvUvI gj bv|
Zvnj Kb G cZviYv? Avmj wicmgU-ì ga mvaviY gvbyl mB nvwiq hvIqv
Avmj gvbylwUKB `LZ Pvq| kL nvwmbvi ga eez, Lvj`v wRqvi ga knx`
D gymwjgv
49
bvix ivRbxwZK
wRqv, ebwRii ga f~v, kxgvfv/Pw`Kvi ga eìbvqK ev Ggb h Bwìv Zvi

gaI AbK RInijvjK `LZB fvjvevmZv| ZvB wicmgU-ì KvQ G
fvjvevmvi Kvb weK bB| mvaviY gvbyli Gnb AvKvv Ac~Y ivLvi Kvb AwaKvi
Zvì bB| ZvB Zvì ivbvNii Rvbjv w`q h ivRbxwZ cek KiQ ZvK Zviv jvjb
bv Ki AfvmekZ mivmwi Rj-Dbyb Pvwcq w`Qb| mvgvb fvZ ivbv kLvi RbI
cwkY jvM| Avi ivRbxwZ kLvi Rb jvM Bwìv Mvxi gZ KqK hyMi nvg
IqvK| ZvB Bwìv bvix nqI, RInijvj bnii Kbv nqI fviZi ivRbxwZK Ggb
GKUv RvqMvq wbq MQb hLvb Bwìvi weK wnme ivRxe-mq ev ivj-eiYi
PvBZ mvaviY gvbyl wcqvsKv-KB AMvwaKvi w`q AvmQ|
bvixì wgwQji mvgb wbq GwMq Pjv, cywjki jvw_uZvi gyL Vj `qv
(Avevi Kvb Kvb wgwQj gqì kvwo-evDR jvbvi ek Dcv`q-cvkvK
weePbv Ki nvgjvKvixiv| Kbbv kvwo Ggb GKwU cvkvK mvgvb UvbB hv kixi Dby
KiZ cvig| wgwQj kvwo civi civgkI wbq wgwQj AvqvRbKvixìB `qv hviv
gb gb bvixi Dby kixi wbq ivRbxwZ KiZ Pvb Avevi kvwo-evDRKB evvjx
mswZi Dj wb`kb wnme `k-we`ki MYgvagi wbKU cwiPq Kwiq èviI
gIKv cvb|) GI cyilZvwK ivRbxwZiB Avi GKwU Kkj| cywjki gviUvI coQ
bvixìB wcV IZ GKw`K hgb wbRì wcV euP hvQ Zgwb weki KvQ ZzjI
aiv nQ h, `L G`ki mPZb gqiv Kxfve jvwZ nQ| G cZviYv _K
bvixì ewiq AvmZ ne| wgwQjK eYvX Kiv ev wbR wcV cZ w`q AvqvRKì
wcV evuwPq `qvi Rb gqiv hb wgwQji AMfvM _K wbRì Avi eeZ nIqvi
ivRbxwZi c_ evrj bv `b| ivRbxwZZ Kviv nvZi cyZzj wnme bq, msm` Abi
kLvbv eywj AvIovbvi Rb bq, wbRi AevbK mgybZ Kivi Rb wbRi gavK kvb
w`q wbRK ivRbxwZi Rb Zix Ki wbRB GwMq AvmZ ne Zv bv nj
wicmgU-Gi AegvbbvKi c` emI AvZcmvì jvf mîY Kiv fvwi KwVb nq
coe|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
D gymwjgv XvKv wekwe`vjq evsjv mvwnZ wbq covkvbv KiQb| eZgvb wekevsKi GKUv cR
Rvi kvwj wnmve KvR KiQb|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU hvwgbx ivq (18871972) Gi| Qwei bvg cyZzj| QwewU
1950-Gi `kK AuvKv| B`vibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett
/00routesdata/1900_1999/drawings/jaminiroy/jaminiroy.html|
D gymwjgv
50
bvix ivRbxwZK
mywZv PeZx
P`veZxi ivgvqY: bvixi

BwZnvm, bvixi î
Avgiv hviv bvixev`x mvwnZ cvV Kivi Pv Kwi, ev G welqi BwZnvm wbq LuvRLei
Kivi K_v fvwe, Zviv Kgekx cwgiB vi nq _vwK| cwgv bvixev`x mvwnZ w`qB
Avgvì `ki bvixìK eySZ nq, g~jvqb KiZ nq| Avi Avgvì `ki hme
bvixev`x KZve AvgvìK bvbvfve bvixì welq-BwZnvm wbq fveZ mvnvh Ki
mjv ZvB AbKvskB cwgv g~jeva Vvmv| mePvBZ eo K_v njv, Gi MwI
Avgvì gawe wkwZ mgvRmxgvK AveZb KiB| Avgiv fyj hvB h Avgvì GB
Z_vKw_Z wkwZ kYxi evBi Aevb Kib mgvRi GK enr Ask msLvq huviv
Avgvì gawe mgvRi PvBZ AbK ekx| A_bwZK w`K _K Zuvì Aevb
Avgvì PvBZ wfb| Z_vP Rxebhvvq, wPb Avi Kg Zuvì gZvb Ki Zuvì
mvwnZ-wk-mRbi ixwZgZv k Aevb AvQ|
cvwK-Z_vwc-cyilZvwK GB mgvRi bvix Zwi Ki Pj Zvi fvlv, mvwnZ|
wbR^ AvPvi-Abyvb cvjbi ga w`q Zviv wbRì wfb bvix-AwZK Rvbvb `b;
bvixî cYqb Kib| Avgiv hviv GB mgvR mK GKevi A Zviv Gmei Kvbv
nw`m ivwL bv| mvwZK, gvqyb AvRvì bvix cyKwU cvV KiZ wMqI GKB
cwiwwZi mv Gm mvgb ùvovq| MvUv eBq wZwb bvixev` wbq AvjvPbv KiQb
GKevi cwgv vbKvi vwWig em| GgbwK Avgvì `ki bvixì wbq
fveZ wMqI Zuvi `wfx mgvRi gawe AiRMZi wPb NyicvK LqQ| eBwU
eMg ivKqvK DrmM Ki Ges KZK RvqMvq ZuvK cyilZvwK cwZcb Ki AvRv`
evsjv`ki bvixi cwZ BwZnvmcYZvi KZe mgv KiQb| evsjv`ki cvwK
bvixK wZwb AvgjB bbwb|
cwgv vbKvi Pkgv ci Avgiv Avgvì RMZK wPwb| GB vb, cKZc,
AvgvìK Avgvì wbRì cwiwwZ mK cKZ weeiY `q bv| P`veZxi ivgvqY
wbq AwKQy evZwPr AvgvìK eis evsjv`ki wbgeMi Z_v cvwK bvixi î bZ
mvnvh KiZ cvi| GB weePbv I cjvfb GB jLvi cwiPvjK|
P`veZx wZwb
evsjv`ki KwlmgvRi wbgeMxq cvwKZvK f` Ki bvixi h-î Avgiv wkwZ
mvwnZIqvjviv c_g bZ cvB mUv P`veZxi| P`veZxi Rb mvo PvikZ eQi AvM,
mywZv PeZx
51
P`veZxi ivgvqY
1550 Lv, wKkviM Rjvi gvBRKvcb BDwbqbi cvZzqvwi Mvg| gvqi bvg
myjvPbv èx| wcZv wR eskx`vm wQjb lvok kZvxi c_gvai gbmvgji Kwe|
wR eskx`vm gbmvi fvmvb Mvb MqB RxweKv wbevn KiZb|
Kwe wQjb P`veZx| evsjv`ki gqì ga huviv KweZv jLvi mvnm c`kb
KiwQjb, RvbvgZ Zuvì ga c_g ewwU wQjb P`veZx| Qjejv _KB KweZv
iPbv KiZb| wcZvi m GK gbmvi fvmvb Mvb iPbv KiQb| KveiPbvq wcZvi
Drmvn ZuvK mvnvh Ki _vKZ cvi| Mvgi mvaviY gvbylK wbq AmsL Mvb iPbv
KiQb P`veZx| wewfb gqjx eZi Qov, cvPxb AvPvi-cwZ Aej^b wewfb
KweZvI iPbv KiQb| mZ NUbv Aej^b iwPZ Zuvi `my Kbvivgi cvjv `xbk
P` mbi gqgbwmsn MxwZKvq vb cqQ| MxwZKvi gjyqv cvjvwUI Zuvi iwPZ|
jvKmvwnZi wewk msMvnK P`Kzgvi ` mec_g P`veZxK cvVKi mvgb Zzj aib
K`vi bv_ gRyg`vii mif cwKvi ga w`q (g~j jLvi cybgyw`Z cvVi Rb è:
P`Kzgvi `, 1996)| gqgbwmsn MxwZKvq msKwjZ P`veZxi cvjvjvI ZuviB msMnKiv| GBme Lei AbKiB ARvbv bq|
f`jvK cyil cwZì mvwnZvjvPbvq P`veZx I Zuvi ivgvqY

P`veZxi h GKUv ivgvqY AvQ mUvI, KvbvgZB, bZzb Kvbv Lei bq| Lei eis
GBUv h, mB ivgvqY e`ki f`jvKkYxi KvQ mvwnZcèvP nZ cvi wb ej
Zv wbq Avjvc-AvjvPbvi wmwiqvm Kvbv PPvB Mo IV wb| evsjv`ki dvKjvi
iPbvcw (kvgmyvgvb Lvb I gvgb Payix, 1987) NuU Kv_vI P`veZx ev Zuvi
ivgvqY wbq Kvbv jLvwjwLi nw`m cvIqv Mj bv| cwgei jvKmswZ iPbvcwi
(eiYKzgvi Pex, 2002) Kvbv wkivbvgI P`veZx ev Zuvi ivgvqY welqK Kvbv
Afyw `Lv Mj bv| GB cwZ mvaviYfve MxwZKv wbq AvjvPbvg~jK KqKwU
cei wkivbvg AvQ eU (AvZvl fvPvh, 1399; eiYKzgvi Pex, 1406;
wegjKzgvi gyLvcvavq, 1985 BZvw`), hvì fZi evSvB hvq P`veZxi
MxwZKv-cvjv-Mv_v wbq Avjvc-AvjvPbv _vKvi K_v Gme AvjvPbvi ga Zuvi
ivgvqY-cvjv wbq AvjvPbv _vKvI A^vfvweK bq wK mwj P`veZxi ivgvqYi,
ev Ab Kvbv iPbvi, bvixev`x iZ Abyaveb mP wKbv Zv wbq mskq AvQ| GB
mskq wbQK KwZ bq Zv wbqB evSv me ne hw` Avgiv evsjv fvlv-mvwnZdvKjvii mycwZì P`veZx-PPvi w`K gbvwbek Kwi|
dvKjvi bv jvKmswZ Kvb& bvg kvwUK WvKv ne Zv wbq `yB evsjvi
AavcK-MelKì ga AbK SMovSvwU _vKjI P`veZx-PPvi `viY wgj
`Lv Mj (Ab AbK wgjI cvIqv hvq ewK, Ze GLvb Zv AvjvP bq)| mKjB
cyil-PvL P`veZxK `Lb| GB cyil-`Lb Abymvi P`veZxi cwiPqi cavb
wZbUv w`K PvL co:
(K) P`veZxi c_g cavb cwiPq njv, wZwb GKRb cyili Kbv; wcZv-cyilwU
mywZv PeZx
52
P`veZxi ivgvqY
GKRb Kwe| GBfve, cwZì eqvb, P`veZxi cwiPq ùvovq mZiv kZKi
gbmvgji Kwe wR eskx`vm Gi Kbv (Avng` kixd, ****: 341), ev weLvZ Kwe
wR eskx`vmi Kbv (Avkivd wmwKx, 1963: 309), ev m`k kZvxi Kwe gbmvgj iPwqZv wR eskx`vmi Kbv (AvZvl fvPvh, 1962: 303), ev Kwe P`veZx
Kwe wR eskx`vmiB Kbv (wKkviMi BwZnvm, 1993: 199), A_vr P`veZx wQjb
GB eskx`vmiB Kbv (f~è Payix, 1962: 403) BZvw`| Gfve, P`veZxi
wbRcwiPqi Pq eo nq IV Zuvi wcZcwiPq| Z_vwc, cwinvm, GB cwZiv Lv` wR
eskx`vmi wbRi cwiPq wbYq Kivi cavbZg m~ wnmve KvR jvMvb P`veZxi
iPbvskKB (f~è Payix, 1962: 403404)|
(L) P`veZxi wZxq cavb cwiPq njv, wZwb Kwe bb, gwnjv Kwe (P`Kzgvi `,
1996: 55) ev ggbwmsni gwnjvKwe (f~è Payix, 1962: 368) ev weLvZ gwnjvKwe (`xbkP` mb, 1932: 519) ev evO&jvi c_g xKwe (Mvcvj nvj`vi, 1954:
144) BZvw`| Gfve, P`veZxi Kwe-cwiPqi Pq eo nq IV gwnjvKwe-cwiPq|
ej bv-w`jI Pj, bvixZ Avi KweZ h YMZfveB cii wecixZ e, GB
DcjwB P`veZxK gwnjv-Kwe wnme Zzj aivi KviY| P`veZx gq nqI Kve
KiQb, mUvB eo K_v nq DVQ| GB KviYB KvDK cyil-Kwe ej cwiPq w`Z
nq bv hb KweZv jLvi gZv ^vfvweK KvR cyili Avi bvB|
(M) P`veZxi ZZxq cavb cwiPq nq Zuvi cwgKv-cwiPq ev bvwqKv-cwiPq| GB
cwiPqvbymvi, wZwb wQjb my-cPwjZ jvK-Kvei bvwqKv (f~è Payix, 1962: 368)
huvi wQj ivgvwK Rxeb-Kvwnbx (f~è Payix, 1962: 403)| GB ivgvwK RxebKvwnbxi Drm ZrKvj bqvb Nvli jLv P`veZx bvgi GKwU Kvei Mvsk (f~è
Payix, 1962: 368) hvi HwZnvwmK mZZv wbq wKQy ejv gykwKj| A_P cwZì cvq
mKjB P`veZxi Avjvc DVjB H ivgvwK Rxeb-Kvwnbxi KQv ejZ i Kib,
Ges GB KQvi IciB mevwaK iZ Avivc Kib (f~è Payix, 1962: 368;
eiYKzgvi Pex I wèRvwZ gRyg`vi, 1996: xviiixix; wKkviMi BwZnvm,
1993: 199202; )| GB KQv, P`veZxi KwecwiPqi Ici vb `q Zuvi cwgKbvwqKv cwiPqK, Zuvi KvePPvK cwZcb Ki KwewcZvi Drmvn-AbyciYvi civ
cwiYvg wnmve, Ges mevcwi, P`veZxi cyivì KweRxeb hvcbi KviY wnme BwZ
Ki cwgK Rqvbì RbK gymjgvb bvixK weevnRwbZ KiY e`bvK GBfve
P`veZx nq cob civ wbwq mvq, KZv _vKb mB cyilB|
P`veZxi gjyqv ev `my Kbvivgi cvjv wbq hw`-ev mvwnZmgvjvPKiv
AvjvPbv KiQb, wK KvDKB P`veZxi ivgvqYi Zvrchc~Y AvjvPbv KiZ `Lv
hvq bv| mvaviYfve e`ki jvKmvwnZ wbq eB wjLQb wK P`veZxi ivgvqY
wbq Kvbv AvjvPbvB Kib wb (hgb AvZvl fvPvh, 1962; Avkivd wmwKx,
1963; IqvwKj Avng`, 2001), wKsev cwiwPwZg~jK `y-Pvi jvBb wjL Qo w`qQb
(hgb AvRnvi Bmjvg, 2000: 322) Ggb MI A-myjf bq|
P`veZxi ivgvqY wbq ge- ev g~jvqb-agx K_v ejvi Pv KiQb huviv Zuvì
mywZv PeZx
53
P`veZxi ivgvqY
KvQI P`veZx K cvb wb| gwnjv-Kwevm bvg weLvZ P`veZx (f~è Payix,
1962: 403) Zuvi ivgvqY GgbwK gaym~`bKZ mxZv I migv-msevì AbyKiY-cPvI
iqQ (f~è Payix, 1962: 368) Ggb AyZyo ge _K i Ki Ggb
KZzKKi g~jvqbI cvIqv hvq h, ivgvqY ev ivgvqYi Mv_v hw` P`veZxi ej ev
ZrKvjxb ejI wbtm`n nIqv hZ, Zvnj lvok (ev m`k kZKi c_gvai?)
Kwe ej wbqB P`veZx GLvb MYbxqv nZb (Mvcvj nvj`vi, 1954: 144)|
cwZì KD Avevi P`veZxi ivgvqY _K GKvwaK `xN DwZ w`q mUvK
eenvwiK MxwZ bvg cve Ki jvKMxwZi GKwU eM Afy Kivi hyw PvwjqQb,
A_P mUv h GKUv Avjv`v RvZi ivgvqY ZvZ Kvbv c ch Kib wb (AvZvl
fvPvh, 1962: 302303)|
weij ewZg, ejZ Mj, `xbk P` mb| gaym~`bi AbyKiY-cPv welqK
AwfhvMi GKwU Reve cvIqv hvq Zuvi KvQ _K:
GB ivgvqYi AbKvski m gNbvèa Kvei Avh iKgi HK ` nq, Avgvi aviYv,
gvBKj wbqB P`veZxi ivgvqY Mvb wbqvwQjb, GB Mvb c~eei evb cPwjZ wQj Ges
GLbI AvQ| (`xbkP` mb, 1932: 259)
Z_vwc, GB ewZgx hyMcyili cyilZvwK mxgveZvI `yj bq| P`veZxi Abvb

cvjvi gZv, ivgvqYwUI `xbkP` mbi eivZB c~eeMxwZKvq Afy nq| P`veZxi
ivgvqY wZwb Kwei Rbvb _K msMn Kib P` Kzgvi ì gvidZ mB mgvRi
bvixìB gyL _K| ay msMn Ges Dcvcb bq, P`veZxi ivgvqY bvg `xbkP`
mb GKUv AvjvPbvI Kib, H GKB M (`xbkP` mb, 1932: 519526)| wK
mB AvjvPbv P`veZxi Kvem`h Ges Zuvi jLbxi gwngv-DjLi gaB cavbZ
mxgve _vK| h-welqwU Abvqvm Zuvi PvL Gwoq hvq Zv njv: mB gahyMi mgvR
cyilZi exi gwngvq RRwiZ ivg-mvwnZK cyiv eyov Avyj `wLq GKevi
Avjv`v GKUv bvix-`wKvY _K P`veZxi ivgvqY-cybwjLb Ges GB gnvKvei exicyil ivgi gwngvK cPyi iKg awmq w`q m~Y bZzbfve mxZvK bvqKi vb
Dcvcb Kiv| gb ivwL, G welqwU hwÌ `xbk P` mbi jLvq Rvivjvfve Avmwb
Z_vwc P`veZxi ivgvqY Avwevi Ges Avgvì f`jvKx mgvR ZvK cwiPq Kwiq
`qvi KwZZ `xbk P` mbiB; wK H Avwevi Avgvì mgvRi f`jvK-cyiliB
eU| Avi, GB KviYB P`veZxi ivgvqYi bvixeqvb Zuvi cyil-PvL Gwoq hZ
mg| GB GKB KviY DcwZ _vK evsjv mvwnZvjvPbvi f`jvKx cyilccvZx g~j
avivi Av`vcv Ryo| G-KviYB, mnRB j Kiv hZ cvi, Avgvì evsjv
mvwnZi evNv evNv cyil cwZiv P`veZxi ivgvqYK AvwjK fvlvZ jLv wbQKB
Mvg bvixi AveMme^ gqjx MxZ wnme `Lvbvi Pv KiQb|
P`veZxi ivgvqY: mxZvì hvwcZ Rxeb

mvwnwZK-MelK-AavcK bebxZv è mbB c_g P`veZxi ivgvqYK wfbfve
weklY Ki Avgvì f`jvKx wkwZ mgvRi gvbyli KvQ cuQ w`qQb| Zuvi
mywZv PeZx
54
P`veZxi ivgvqY
AvjvPbv (bebxZv èmb, 1997; Nabaneeta Deb Sen, 1998) _K P`veZxi

ivgvqYB ay bq, bvix-weiwPZ ivgvqYmg~ni m~Y Avjv`v GKUv bvixev`x Zvrch
mK mPZb nIqv Pj Ges P`veZxi ivgvqY Avevi GKevi cvV Kivi ZvwM` eva
Kiv hvq| Gevi Avgiv bebxZvi mvnvh wbq bvixi ivgvqYi w`K ZvKvev|
cw_exi mKj gnvKve-B Avmj cyili iwPZ; cyili MieMv_vi eqvb| bvixK
mLvb `Lvbv nqQ cyilì nvZi cyZzj wnme| KLbv m cyili _vevi ga,
KLbv AcZv (hLvb cyilB ZvK kl ch Dvi Ki)| A_vr bvixK GKRb
cyili mgchvqi ghv`v Zv `qv `~i _vK D ZvK gnvKvei cyil-KjvKviiv
cyili Ici Pigfve mvweK A_ wbfikxj `yej Rxe wnme cwZcb Kivi Pv
PvwjqQb memgqB| GZ Ki cyiylZvwK mgvRi wcZZvwK g~jevajvB Rvwi
_KQ| ivgvqY gnvKvewUI cyilì nvZ iwPZ cyiliB gvnvZ-K_b| G
gnvKvei bvqK ivgK MvUv fviZxq wcZZvwK mgvRi Av`k- cyili Av`j wbgvY
Kiv nqQ| mxZvKI ZvB|
... ivg Av`k Avh cyili cZxK| evjxwK mycwiKwZfve GB cvPxb M-wfwK GKwU
Rxeb`kb, mgvRbxwZ I ag`kb icvwqZ KiZ PqQb| Zuvi Kve ZvB Av`k wcZv, Av`k
cy, Av`k x, Av`k fvB, Av`k gvZv, Av`k kvmK I kvmbcYvjx, Av`k wePviK I Av`k
exi, Av`k fZ, Av`k AbyPi-mnPi I Av`k ki eve `v èvi cqvm cKU| (Avng`
kixd, 1978: 372)
MvUv ivgvqY Ryo mxZvK `Lvbv nqQ Ab cyili Ici mvweKfve wbfikxj
GKRb Av`k bvix wnme whwb mg `ytL-K gyL eyuR mn Ki hveb mvivRxeb Ges
hveZxq `yfvMi wkKvi neb| mxZvi GB g~wZwUB Avgvì mgvRi Av`k bvixi
icveqe wnme `Lvbv nqQ hv mKj A_B GB cyilZvwK mgvReevi
g~jevajvKB AvwiKfve Rvwi ivL| GiKg civwYK-cyilZvwK Pwi Avgvì
gnr mvwnZ vb cqQ, Ges AwaK, Avgvì gMR I gbb Mfxifve cfve
wevi Ki AvQ|
mxZv-mvwex Avi kKzjvi gZ Pwii AwaKvix bvixìK GB mgvR ekx cQ`
Ki| ei Kvbv bvixK hLb Avkxev` Kiv nq ZLb ejv nq _vK mZx mvwexi gZ
nI wKsev mxZvi gZ nI Kbbv, G `yB PwiB Zuvì wbR wbR RxebK Pig Ki
ga dj Zuvì ^vgxìK Dvi KiQb| GKRb ^vgxK gZyi gyL _K wdwiq
GbQb, Avi AciRb wbR Pig jvbv mq ^vgxK Acgvbi `vq _K wbKwZ
w`qQb| ZvB GB Pwijv nq DVQ Av`ki cZxK| gnvfviZi ZRv`x `c`x
wKsev MxZMvweì ivav wK evvjxi Av`k bvix nq DVZ cviwb| Avgvì mgvR
KDB Kvbv bvixK `c`x wKsev ivav nIqvi Avkxev` Kib bv| Avgvì wcZZvwK
mgvRi gMR Guiv MnYhvMZv cvbwb Kbbv G Pwijv wcZZvwK g~jevai
cwicx|
cPwjZ ivgvqY Zv h fvlvZB jLv nvK bv Kb mLvb wewfbfve ivgi ckw
ev e`bvMxZ MvIqv nqQ| mw`K _K Avgvì e`ki Kwe P`veZxB ivgKvwnbx
mywZv PeZx
55
P`veZxi ivgvqY
iPbvq ^Z gbxlvi cwiPq w`qQb, hv hyM hyM ai cyil Kweì nvZ wjwLZ cPwjZ
ivgKvwnbxi gvnvZK zY KiQ| Avi mRbB P`veZxi ivgvqYwU cwikxwjZ mvwnZìevi vb cvqwb| mgvRi DP i bvbvfve G ivgvqY-cvjvwU ewRZ njI wbgeMi,
weklZ cjxmgvRi bvixi, Nivqv ivgvqYx AvPvi-Abyvb AvRv P`veZxi ivgvqYB
MvIqv nq _vK|
Kwe P`veZx Zuvi ivgvqY-Mvb KvbvcKvi fwim, exiim, kviim Zzj
aibwb| aygv gayi Avi KiY imK Avkq Ki Kvwnbx wbgvY KiQb| Kwe mxZvK
Zuvi iPbvq gyLi~c `wLqQb; cPwjZ ivgvqYKviì c_ bv nuU mxZvi RxebKB
cvVKKzji KvQ Zzj aiZ PqQb| mxZvi `ytL-KK wZwb Zvi bvix-gbvfve w`q
Dcjw KiwQjb| ZvB ivgK wZwb Kvbv Kvbv vb mgvjvPbv KiZI wcQ cv
nbwb| Avi GBRbI, c_vwei GB ivgvqY-Mvb cyilkvwmZ mgvR MnYhvMZv Zv
cvqB wb eis wbw`Z nqQ|
cwikxwjZ ivgvqY mvZwU Kv iqQ hvi ga DivKv GKwU| GB DivKvB
mxZvi ebevm I Zuvi awix-cek NU _vK| P`veZx GB KvwUKB AZ iZi
mv_ eYbv Kib Zuvi ivgvqY| P`veZxi ivgvqY wZb L wef| GwUI cPwjZ A_
HwZnweivax| c_g LwU wZwb mxZvi RbKvwnbxi ga w`q kl KiQb hLvb mxZvi
civwYK Kvwnbx AbymiY Kiv nq wb| wZxq cwiQ` `Lv hvq, mxZvi evigvmx,
hLvb mxZv mLxì mv_ em AvQb, Zuvi Rxebi myL-`ytL wZwb mLxì KvQ
MQj ej PjQb Zuvi evji K_v, weevni K_v, iveY KZK Zuvi niYi K_v,
AkvKeb Zuvi e`x`kvi K_v, ivgi Rb Zuvi weinKvZiZvi K_v, ivg KZK Zuvi
Dvii K_v, Ges Ahvavq Zuvi cZveZbi K_v| ZZxq cwiQ` P`veZx I mxZv
DfqB K_Ki f~wgKv wbqQb| G cwiQ` Kwe Zvi wbRi Abyf~wZ w`q ivgvqYi
NUbvcevnK Dcjw KiQb| cmZ DjL h, ivg hLb Zvi evbi K_vq wekvm
Ki mxZvK m`n Ki Pig va dU co ZLbKvi cwiwwZwU Kwe Zvi wbRi
eqvb nvwRi Kib:
ebZ Avwb Rj Mv mvqi QvU evb|
Db cvMjcvq Mv ewmjb ivg||
ivv Rev AuvwL ivgi Mv wki i DV|
bvwmKvq AwMkvm ei dzU||
h Avb RvjvBj AvR Mv KzKzqv bbw`bx
m Avb cywoe mxZv Mv mwnZ iNygwb||
cywoe Ahvavcyix Mv wKQyw`b ci|
jxk~b nBqv ivR Mv hve QviLvi||
cii K_v Kvb jBj Mv wbRi mebvk|
P`veZx Kn ivgi Mv eyw nBj bvk||(`xbk P` mb, 1932: 269)
ivgi GB wPY Kv_vI bvB GB P`veZxi ivgvqY Qvov| G ivgvqYi me Kwe

K_Ki f~wgKvq AeZxY nqQb weklZ mxZvi `ytL-K Zvi KvZiZv Ges ivgi
cwZ Zvi vf Gjv Zvi wbRi RevbxZ Rvivjvfve GmQ| Gme w`K _K GB
mywZv PeZx
56
P`veZxi ivgvqY
ivgvqY GKeviB wfb wPbi Qvc iLQ Avgvì mgvR weklZ bvixì Nivqv
Avmi hLvb Zviv P`veZxi Mvb Mq mxZvi Rxebi bvbvb myL-`ytLi mv_ wbRiv
GKvZ nb|
mgM ivgvqYwUK kl KiQb wZwb mxZvi ebevmi m~Pbvi fZi| P`veZxi ejvi
vBj GLvb GKevi wfb| civwYK ivgvqY mxZvi AwMcixvi K_v eYbv AvQ Ges
G cixvi ga w`qI klch ivgK Pig cRvwnZlx wnme ùvo Kwiq w`qQb
civwYK ivgvqYKviiv| wK P`veZx Zuvi ivg-KvwnbxZ mxZvi AwMcixvi welqwU
GKeviB Avbb wb| GKRb bvix wnme AviKRb bvixi AcgvbRbK I jvRbK
cwiwwZK `kKi mvgb wbjfve `LvZ Pvb wb Kwe, eis ivgi cwZ Zxe we`c
nb ZuvK cvl I m`nceY-^vgx i~c cwZv KiQb| Kvbv iKg ivge`bv wZwb
Kib wb|
gqgbwmsni AvwjK fvlvq Kwe ivgvqYwU iPbv KiQb| ivgvqYwU cvV Kij
evSv hvq GwU GKwU bvixwelqK Kve Ges KvewU bvix kvZvi cwZB Dw| bvixi
KKB G Kve eo Ki `Lvbv nqQ| ivgvqYi AbK Ask hLvb mxZv Zvi
Ki Kvwnbx eqvb KiQb mLvb P`veZx iB KiQb b mLxRb ej|
Kwe P`veZx GB ewZgx ivgvqYwU iPbv Kib Zvi Rxebi kl chvq| AvR
_K e eQi AvM Kwe P`veZxi Rxebvemvb NUQ wK Zvi GB ivgvqY-Mvb AvRv
mB Aji gqiv Zvì wbR^ Drme Abyvb Mq _vKb| GUvB Kwei GB ivgvqY
iPbvi mv_KZv| cyilZvwK GB Nyb aiv mgvR mvwnZ-wk-mswZ mg wKQy cyili
viv wbavwiZ njI AvRv cvovMuvqi gqiv Zvì mgvR P`veZxi ivgvqYKB eQ
wbqQb civwYK cyil-mvwnwZKi ivgvqYK eqKU Ki | GLvbB bvixev`x Kwei
wPbi Qvc nqQ Mixe bvixì GB ivgvqYx MvbK Avcb Ki MvIqvi ga w`q|
bvixì ivgvqY: bvixì BwZnvm

cw_exi Ghver mKj gnvKveB h cyili iwPZ cyili exiZi eqvb, GB Z_i
wecixZ ùvwoq PgrKvi GKwU ck ZzjQb bebxZv èmb (Nabaneeta Deb Sen,
1998)| Kx NU hLb bvix gnvKvei cybeqvb Ki? bebxZv `wLqQb Pvi iKgi
cwiwwZ Zix nq ZLb:
(K) Avcwb cyil gnvKweì AbyKiY Ki mbvZb cyili PvL w`q `L hgb
wQj ZgbUvB ejZ cvib, hgbUv ejQb hvok kZKi Kwe gvj Zuvi Zj
ivgvqY| A_ev
(L) Avcwb ZgbUvB ejZ cvib Avcbvi wbRi bvix-PvL w`q `L, hgbUv
ejQb lvok-m`k kZKi evOvwj Kwe P`veZx Zuvi evsjv ivgvqY| A_ev
(M) Avcwb GKwU gZv`wkK `wKvY _K `L MUv ejZ cvib, hgbUv
ejQb ibvqKg Zuvi gvKmxq `wKvY _K jLv ivgvqY weleZ| A_ev
(N) mxZvi M ejvi Qj Avcwb Avcbvi wbRi M ejZ cvib, eni fviZi
Mvgi gqiv hUv kZ kZ eQi ai ejQb|
mywZv PeZx
57
P`veZxi ivgvqY
GKUv welq GB Pvi cKvii ivgvqY-cvjvKviì wgj iqQ| P`veZxi ivgvqY

cvjvwU hgb Avgvì mvwnZ mgvR MnxZ nq wb Zgwb Zj fvlvi k~` Kwe gvji ivgvqY ac`x ivgvqYi we XO iwPZ njI gvj GKRb k~` bvix ej evY
cyilZvwK cwZmgvR MnxZ nq wb| Avi, ibvqKg&K evY mgvR mvgvwRKfve
GKNi KiwQj cwe ivgvqYK `vl Kivi Rb|
lvok kZKi `yB wfb fvlvej^x bvixKwe P`veZx I gvj, `yRbB `yB `ki
Awaevmx| G-`yRbi ga Avevi ek wKQy wgj iqQ| `yRbB Zuvì ^ ^ vbi fvlvq
ivgvqY iPbv Ki MQb| `yRbB eQ wbqwQjb AweevwnZ Rxeb| mviv RxebB Kve
iPbv Ki KvwUq w`qQb| DfqB wQjb wkei DcvmK wK iPbv KiQb ivgvqY|
Ze `yRbi ivgvqYi ga iqQ wfb Dcvcb| GKw`K cyilZvwK evY mgvRi
mv_ mgvbfve cvjv w`q ivgvqY iPbv KiQb k~` bvixKwe gvj| Zuvi ivgvqY cPwjZ
ivgvqYi Av`jB iwPZ nqwQj| wZwb k~` RvZi bvix nqI evY-cyil
ivgvqYKviì mvwnwZK RMZ GKUv Pvj Quyo w`qwQjb GKUv ac`x ivgvqY
iPbvi ga w`q| Abw`K, Avgvì `ki Kwe P`veZx wbR evY bvix nqI m~Y
^Z gbvfvei cwiPq w`qQb Zuvi ivgvqY iPbvi ga| GKRb bvix wnme wZwb
ivgvqY mxZvi MKB eQ wbqQb| Zuvi ivgvqY bvixev`x PZbvwUB cLi nq aiv
coQ| Avi cieZxZ Zv bvixìB GKv m` wnme PwPZ nq wUK AvQ|
fviZi wewfb Mvg gqiv h ivgvqY Mvb Ki Zv Kej gqì mgvRB
cPwjZ gqì mgvRi evBi G ivgvqY Mvb MvIqv nq bv| evsjv, Zj, gw_jx
I gvivVx fvlvq Mvgi gqiv wbRiv ivgvqY Mvb Ki _vK| GBme ivgvqY Mvb
gqiv mwwjZfve mxZvi eqvb Zvì wbRì `ytL-Ki Mvb Mq _vK KLbv
exR jvMvbvi mgq, KLbv dmj Zvjvi mgq, Avevi KLbvev wbRì wbR^ Nivqv
Drme-Abyvb| gvivwV fvlvq gnvivi Mvuqi gqì ivgvqY Mvbi m P`veZxi
ivgvqY Mvbi mwekl wgj MvIqv hvq| P`veZxi ivgvqY MvbI bvixiv mwwjZfve
Dcvcb Ki, h-Mvb awbZ nq mxZvi gwngv, mxZvi Rxebi wewfb chvq Zvi Rbweevn-mvbaviY-^vgxcwiZ nIqv, mvb wbq GKvKx Rxeb KvUvbv| A_vr GKUv
bvixi Rxeb h mg welqwj cvqkB NU _vK mjvB GBme ivgvqY Mvb eo Ki
GmQ hvi Rb mgvRi kvwlZ cvwK bvixiv GB ivgvqY Mvbi mv_ mnRB kvwgj
nq| mxZvi K-e`bvi mv_ bvixiv Zvì wbRì `ytL-e`bvK mxZvi e`bvi ga
w`q Dcjw Ki mxZvi K KvZi nq| bvixì ivgvqY nq IV bvixì BwZnvm,
bvixì wbRì î|
ivRkvnx: wWmî 2002
DjLm~
mywZv PeZx
58
P`veZxi ivgvqY

AvRnvi Bmjvg (2000)| cvPxb I gahyMi evsjv mvwnZi BwZK_v| XvKv: evsjv GKvWgx|
Avkivd wmwKx (1963)| jvK-mvwnZ| XvKv: zW IqR|
AvZvl fvPvh (1962)| evsjvi jvK-mvwnZ| c_g L| KjKvZv: KvjKvUv eyK nvDm|
AvZvl fvPvh (1399 evsjv), MxwZKvq bvix, jvKmswZ MelYv, KjKvZv| [cwKvwUi msLv DjL
Kiv wQj bv|]
Avng` kixd (1978)| evOvjx I evsjv mvwnZ| (cvPxb I ga hyM)| XvKv: eYwgwQj|
Avng` kixd (1983)| evOvjx I evsjv mvwnZ| wZxq L| XvKv: evsjv GKvWgx|
IqvwKj Avng` (2001)| evsjvi jvK-mswZ| XvKv: MwZaviv|
wKkviMi BwZnvm (1993)| wKkviMi BwZnvm, wKkviM Rjv BwZnvm cYqb KwgwU KZK cYxZ
I cKvwkZ|
Mvcvj nvj`vi (1954)| evOjv mvwnZi ic-iLv| 1g L| wZxq AiYv msiY, KjKvZv, 1404 evsjv|
eBwU 1954 mvj wjwLZ nqwQj|
P`Kzgvi ` (1996), gwnjv Kwe P`veZx, evOjvi jvKmswZ (mv. eiY Kzgvi Pex I wèRvwZ
gRyg`vi), KjKvZv: AcYv eyK wWwweDUvm|
`xbk P` mb (mv.) (1932)| c~ee MxwZKv| PZz_ L, wZxq msLv| KjKvZv wekwe`vjq|
`xbkP` mb (1999)| enr e| wZxq L| KjKvZv: `R cvewjwks| [eBwUi c_g msiY 1935 mvj
QcwQj KwjKvZv wekwe`vjq|]
bebxZv èmb (1997), P`-gwjKv, `k, el 64, msLv 6, KjKvZv|
eiYKzgvi Pex (1406 evsjv)| MxwZKvq evigvmx, GKwesk, ekvL-Avlvp| KjKvZv|
eiYKzgvi Pex (mv.) (2002)| jvKmswZ iPbvcw| KjKvZv: KjvYx wekwe`vjq| [GB M
cKvki mb DjL Kiv wQj bv| mv`Ki jLv cvebvq ZvwiL `qv wQj 1, Rvbyqvwi 2002| G _K
KvR-Pvjvbvi gZv GKwU Av`vR Kiv Mj h MUv 2002 mvjB cKvwkZ nqZ|]
eiYKzgvi Pex I wèRvwZ gRyg`vi (mv.) (1996)| evOjvi jvKmswZ| KjKvZv: AcYv eyK
wWwweDUvm|
wegjKzgvi gyLvcvavq (1985), evsjv MxwZKv mvwnZ jvKRxeb aviv, iex`fviZx wekwe`vjqi
evsjvi wefvMxq cwKv| [Avw` Drm GfveB jLv wQj|]
f~è Payix (1962)| evsjv mvwnZi BwZK_v (c_g chvq)| KjKvZv: eyKjv cvBfU wjwgUW|
kvgmyvgvb Lvb I gvgb Payix (mv.) (1987)| evsjv`ki dvKjvi iPbvcw| XvKv: evsjv
GKvWgx|
Nabaneeta Deb Sen, (1998), Lady Sings the Blues: When Women Retell the
Ramayana, Manushi, Issue 108, free.freespeech.org/manushi/nabaneeta.html.
jLKi cwiwPwZ
mywZv PeZx ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi dvKjvi wefvM wkKZv Kib| eZgvb wkvQywU wbq MelYv
KiQb| KweZv I ce jLb| KveM: Luvqvoi gq| BgBj: chaka_66@yahoo.com|
jLvi Drm
Avw`Z P`veZx cwKvi K_v feB GB cewU jLv| wK ZLbI cwKvwUi KvR i nq wb| BZtc~e
mywZv PeZx
59
P`veZxi ivgvqY

Aek GwU c_g Avjv cwKvi evii mvgwqKxZ Ges a~wjwP bvgK QvUKvMR cwKvq Qvcv nqwQj|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU hvwgbx ivq (18871972) Gi GKwU Qwei Q`vsk| QwewUi
bvg mxZvi AwMcixv| QwewU 1950-Gi `kK AuvKv| BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: http://artswithoutborders. com/artsindia/art/artists/roy/images_m/roy_sitas_agniparikshya_m.jpg|
mywZv PeZx
60
P`veZxi ivgvqY
myRvb gyqvw `vivR
Ab mn`viv: Avie bvixevì

cm
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
GMviB mîi ci Kvbv GK mvq Avgvi KjR BsiRxi Kvm wbwQjvg, GK

Qvxi KvQ _K Bmjvg Ges bvix welq ck Gj| mî UvRwWi ci _K
mvaviYZ hme wRvmvi gyLvgywL nwQ G wQj ZviB GKUv| ckUv wQj gacvP
gqì wnRve ev bKve wbq Ges Kb gwnjvì GUv ciZB nq m mK| Avwg
Rvbvjvg, c_gZ, gacvP me gwnjvB gymjgvb bv (hgb Avwg cvwjwbxq Lvb),
wZxqZ, GgbwK me gymjgvb gwnjvB GLvb wnRve cib bv| Avi huviv cib Zuvì
mB civi cQb nvRviUv KviY _vKZ cvi: ekxi fvMB cib ewMZ I agxq KviY
Ges wKQy wKQy cib evaZvg~jKfve|
QvxwU Avgvi K_vi Di welY fxZ gv_v bvo, evZvm Zvi cwbUBj `yj IV,
Zvici m hv ej ZvZ Ki nq Avgvi Di Zvi Lye GKUv wekvm nqwb; m ej,
Iì mevi Rb Avgvi GZ Lvivc jvM, AZ Lvb gqìK Zvì ^vgxì wZb
K`g cQb nuvUZ nq bv| evcviUv GZ AcgvbRbK|
Avie bvixi evei Rxeb-hvcb Avi hfve gvwKb wgwWqvq Ges webv`b wk
GK Dcvcb Kiv nqQ, G `yqi ga eeavb h KxiKg gvivZK eiveii gZ
GeviI Avwg Zv Dcjw Kwi| Avi Avie bvix mK AvgwiKvi mvaviY gvbyli aviYv
wVK mfveB Mo DVQ| gacvPK fyjfve Ges ivzm BgR Dcvcb Kivi h
HwZnvwmK auvP GWIqvW mvB` Zuvi hyMvKvix eB IwiqUvwjRg-G DNvUb Ki
w`qwQjb, mB eB ei nIqvi 23 eQi cvi nq MjI GLbI e gvwKbx c`veZ g~K
Avie bvixi mhZ cvKRKZ mB BgRB wKb PjQb| KiYvi cvx GB RxewU
AKvi Qvqvi gZ Pwek Nv ^vgxK Zvi cvq cvq AbymiY Ki; evPv, Aviv evPv
weqvbv cqvRb ^vgxi Abvb eDqi mv_ cwZhvwMZvq AeZxY nIqv Zvi kixix
AwZi GKgv A_|
wKQy wKQy mgq BgRi GB euvav Mr wbqYi evBi Pj hvq, GLb hgb nqQ
DU _K Aviv DU, Aviv nvmKi nZ _vK Zv, BqU&mi mB gB evoZ _vKv
Mnii gZ| GLbI Avgvì mvgb G msv h wP `LZ cvB ekxifvM
ZvZ 1700 _K Avi nq wek kZKi ii w`K ch Avie bvixi h wP AvuKv nZ
Zvi _K ejvi gZ Kvbv cwieZb NUwb|
myRvb \ Avie bvixev`
61
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR

nvig _K Kvjv nvmvb QyU ei nq
gwnjvi euvKv A em bv Zvi PvL
gyn~Z _K gyn~Z KU hvq
Zxe nbb AvKvvq
wkKvixi Avb` Zey _K hvq Aaiv|
nvmvb nqwb Zv Pj
GgbZi
hLb jvqjv e`x wQj nvig Zvi,
jvqjv GLb Ze
nvig bB Avi?
DiUv Kej nvmvbiB AvQ Rvbv|
wjLwQjb evqib 1812 mvj Zuvi ` Mqi c`| ` Mqi nQ mB wniv

hvK fvjevmvi Aciva myjZvb A_vr Kvjv nvmvb Zvi nvig e`x jvqjvK cvwbZ
Pzweq nZv Ki Ges wniv A_vr ` Mqi klgl mB nZvi cwZkva bq| 1879Z cKvwkZ wcqi jvwZ-i Aziyad mn Abvb KweZv Ges mvwnZKg GKB aibi
w_g wbqB iwPZ hvi mvi cwgv bvqK nvigi mKj evav fO hbZvi ew`bx
bvwqKvK Dvi KiQ Ges cwZ`vb Zvi fvjevmvq wm nQ|
e eQi ai Drcb nZ _vKv DU AwZib Avi AvZiwZZ fiv Gme DrKvwbK
BgRi wbU dj ùvwoqQ GB h, Zv AvaywbK AvgwiKvb bvix I AvaywbK Avie bvixi
ga wecixZ gii BgR Zix KiQ| 1970 I 1980i `kK gvwKb bvixevì
Dvbi mv_ mv_ GKB mgq cvvZi bqv k wnme Bmjvg DV Avm| Bivb
AvqvZzjvn Lvgbx, AvdMvwbvb gyRvn`xb, wjweqvq Mvvwd Ges Bqvwmi AvivdvZ I
wcGjI GB BgRjvi ga w`q cvvZi MYZ, gvbevwaKvi I wekl Ki wmwfj
j-i k Ges AvZi Drm wnmve Bmjvgi bZzb f~wgKvK wPwZ Kiv nq| Avi
Bmjvgi GB BgRi mv_ LyeB Kkj, ixwZgZ kwKfve wgwjq Ìqv nq bvixi
cwZ Bmjvg Kx AvPiY KiQ mB welqwUK hvi ggv_ nQ, bvixK m GKUv g~K Qvqvq
cwiYZ KiQ dj wjxq mvg I MYZi Ici cwZwZ ej `vwe`vi gvwKbx bvixevì mvgb Zvi Avi ùvovbvi RvqMv _vK bv|
Avgvi cwbUBj QvxwUi ge _K GKUv welqi ek LvwbKUv BwZ cvIqv hvq
hv Avwg eevi bIwQ: Avgiv AvgwiKvb bvixiv bvixi AwaKvii BmyK RvwZi
AMvwaKvii ZvwjKvq kl ch wbq AvmZ ciwQ; GLb mgq nqQ Avgvì
AcvKZ Kg fvMevb evbì w`K mvnvhi nvZ evwoq Ìqvi| A^xKvi Kivi
Dcvq bB h (e, eevi avvbvi ci Aekl), gvwKb bvixev`-Gi `yqvi bvixevì
Abvb msiYjv hgb, Kv bvixev` I Abvb A-kZv Ges DPgawe ejqi
evBii bvixev`, Gì Rb Lyj w`qQ| wK Avgvì AvcwUv h eo evb myjf
fxZ Zuviv GB AvMnUv cKvk Kib ZvB wbq| cvqB Zuvì wbRì Rxeb wbq
AvjvPbvq Avie bvixì wbRì KUvB kvbv hvq bv; Dci, Zuviv bvixev` welq
hb ay RbB hveb, hb GB Av`k Kejgv gvwKb bvixìB GKPwUqv|
62
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
eZ, e AvgwiKvb bvixB b Avh neb h, Avie bvixevì (AbK GB

kQwUKB AwgvivbRvZxq1 ej gb Kib) BwZnvm AbK j^v, eiwewk Ges
LyeB AvKlK| cvvZ GwU h Lye fvjfve eySZ cvi bv Zv wbq Avh nIqvi Zgb
wKQy bB| G cm Wb PvwU Ges AvwbKv ivev Zuvì h_ mv`bvq cKvwkZ
AiMvbvBwRs DBgb: dgvj G Bbdgvj DBgbm Mcm Bb ` wgWj B eBZ
wjLQb,
gacvPi bvix `jjvK wPwZ Kiv I Gì wbq jLvjwL ... cw_exi Avi h Kvbv
Aji Zzjbvq Kg Kiv nqQ ... gacvP Ges cvvZi ga ek AbKLvwb ilviwl
iqQ, cvvZ gacvPi cyilìK gb Ki Zuviv wbRi mgvRi bvixìK Ae`wgZ I
wewQb Ki iLQb, Aci c gacvPxqì AwfhvMi AvOyj cvvZi bvixì
AbwZKZvi cwZ| gacvPi bvixiv hLb RvU euvab ZLb Zuviv AvRvwZK gbvhvM _K
h ewZ nb GUv Zvi GKUv KviY|
Avie bvixevì h `xN BwZnvm AvQ ay ZvB bv, GKB eBq fvj gvNvWvg
hgb ejQb, 1980 Avi 1990Gi `kK`ywUZ,
bvixì GbwRIjv (gacvP I Di AvwdKvq) jhvMfve eo DVQ Ges mvgvwRK
mev _K miKvi hLvb geagvb nvi wbRK mwiq wbQ mLvb Ges wek Ryo wmwfj
mvmvBwUi f~wgKv evovi h ceYZv mB cwicwZ `vwqZc~Y f~wgKv wbQ|
wgki, wZDwbwmqv I givZ aygv gwnjvì wbq KvR Ki Ggb GbwRI-i msLv
`Z eo PjQ| Abw`K, bvixìB bZZvaxb Ges Aviv AbvbyvwbKfve mev `qv
msvjv gacvPi Abvb `kjvZ GKB aibi wKQy f~wgKv cvjb KiQ| wgki
G aibi bZvbxq wKQy msMVb: ` wbD DIgvbm Mc; Avive DBgbm cvewjwks
nvDR; w` Gjvq Ae Avive DBgb; w` Gmvwmqkb di ` WfjvcgU G
GbnvgU Ae DBgb; UzM`vi; cvMwmf DBgbm BDwbqb; bvixì GKwU `j huviv
` wjMvj ivBUm Ae w` BwRcwkqvb DIgvb Bb w_Iwi G cvKwUm cKvk KiQb;
Ges ` mvmvBwU di ` WUvi Ae w` Av_| (AiMvbvBwRs DBgb: dgvj G Bbdgvj
DBgbm Mcm Bb ` wgWj B eBq bvR mvw`M iwPZ AavqwU `Lyb|) mvgwMKfve
`Lj GUv GKUv Av`vjb Avi hw` Zv hyiv I Abvb bvixevì mv_ wgjZ cvi
Ze mviv cw_exi bvixi RxebiB DbwZ NUvZ mg_ ne|
ii K_v
kviwj Mv_wi Zuvi mcwZ cKvwkZ Avive DBgb Bb ` wgWj GRm eBZ gahyMi
bvixi Ici ek wKQy welq bZzb Ki ei KiQb hv AvRKi w`b cPwjZ wKQy Mreuvav
aviYvK Pvj Ki, hgb, AvaywbK Bmjvg Avevi gahyM wdi hvQ hvZ Ki
Bmjvgi evevB cgvwYZ nq| AvR hLb gahyMi Avie bvixì mK cPwjZ
aviYvi GKwU nQ m mgqi gymjgvb bvixiv Amnvqfve Zuvì Rb wbevwPZ ^vgxi
nvZ mgwcZ nZb, kvwj Mv_wi Avgvì RvbvQb, m mgq abx Avie bvixiv Zuvì
63
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
weevnPzwi hveZxq LyuwUbvwU wi KiZb, KD KD ^vgxK GK x ivLvi evcvi kZ

w`Zb Avevi AbK ZvjvK Ìqvi AwaKvi `vwe KiZb| `wi` kYxi Avie gqiv
gahyM GZ me myhvM bv cjI Kvbv bv Kvbvfve ^vgxi mv_ mv_ KvR Ki GK
aibi mgZvc~Y RxebB KvUvZb| m mgq bvixi Bmyjv mgvRi Abvb Bmyi gZ
iZ cZ bv wVKB Ze gahyMi Avie mswZ Ges Bmjvgi DblKvjxb mgqUvK
AvRK hfve Avcv`gK wbeZbg~jK ej wPwZ Kiv nq, ZgbUv Avmj wQj bv|
Bmjvg bvixi mgZvi GKUv HwZn AvQ Ges bex gynì RxebKB Zvi cgvY
wnmve DcwZ Kiv nq| ejv nq, wZwb wbRi Kvco wbR ayZb, wbRi gvRv wbR
cwivi KiZb Ges Zuvi KwbZg x AvqkvK Lvevi cwiekb KiZb; Avqkv
cieZxKvj mbevwnbxi bZZ w`qQb Ges ZuvK Bmjvgx AvBbKvbybi GKRb
iZc~Y I mvbxq evLvKvi wnmve g~j `qv nq _vK| KviAvb bvixì Rb
mvgvwRK fvimvg wb`k Ki Gfve: Bmjvg bvix mwi DivwaKvix nZ cvi,
eemv-evwYRi gvwjKvbv I cwiPvjbvq Zvi AwaKvi iqQ Ges iqQ wkwZ nIqvi
AwaKvi| bvixwk nZvi gZ ek KqKwU bvixlx mvgvwRK c_vI Bmjvg wbwl KiQ
cyilwk AvKvx AwffveKiv hvìK nZv KiZ|
AvaywbK Avie bvixev` gacvP Avi me wKQyi gZB weZKi So ZzjQ| 1899
mvj Kvwkg Avwgb bvg GK wgkixq eywRxex I wePviK G welq c_g eBwU ei Kib|
` wjevikb Ae DBgb wkivbvgi mB eB Kej weZKi XD bv, cyiv Avie Aj
weZK Avi AvjvPbvi ixwZgZ GK mybvwg eBq w`qwQj| GB eBq Avwgb hyw
ZzjwQjb h, bvixi wkv I gyw cqvRb g~jZ wewUk kvmbi Mvjvwg _K wgkiK
gy KiZ| Zuvi GB cheYi g~j wQj Zuvi BDivc hvv I mLvb wkvjvf
cvvZ mgvR wZwb bvixi f~wgKv KvQ _K `Lvi myhvM cvb| wZwb ejb h, cyil
bvixK Ae`wgZ Ki I Pzc Kwiq ivL hvi dj kl ch cyiv mgvRKB fvM KiZ
nq:
Avgvì GLbKvi Aev nqQ mB abx jvKi gZ h Zvi mg mvbv GKUv wm`yK fi
iLQ| GB jvK cwZw`b Zvi wm`yK Lvj Avi mvbvjv ei Ki Ki `L, mUv Zvi
wbQK Avb`| wK eyw _vKj m mB mvbv wewbqvM Ki AwPiB Zv wY KiZ cviZ|
GB f`jvK Avie wek Avie bvixevì wcZv wnmeB cwiwPZ (m`n bB GB

AwfavwU GKwU Awgvivb)|
mvcwZK Kvji bvixev`x cwZiv Rvi w`q ejQb h Avwgb Kvbv A_B GB
Av`vjbi cwZvZv bb| Icwbs ` MUm: Av mzwi Ae Avive dwgwb ivBwUs
eBqi `yB mv`K gviMU evWivb I wgwiqvg KzK ejQb h, cyili bvixev`
(Avwgbi gZ) Mo DVQ BDivci mv_ mshvMi dj Ges mZ KviYB Zv bvixi
bvixev` _K wfb hv Mo DVQ gqì wbRì Rxeb I mgmvi Ici Zvì wPv
-fvebvi cwZdjb _K| Avwgb h Zuvi hywgvjv cvvZi mv_ Zzjbvi Ici wfw Ki
Mo ZzjQb m welq GKgZ jvBjv Avng`| jvBjv Bmjvg welq cwZ Ges nvfvW
64
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
wWwfwbwU zji AavcK|

DBgbm dwgwbRg Aek Kvwkg AvwgbiB mgmvgwqK `v kvivDwq-i ga
DcwZ| `v kvivDwq BwRcwkqvb dwgwb BDwbqb cwZv Kib Ges `yUv iZc~Y
gqì cwKv ei Kib, hjv nj, j BwRcwkqb Ges Avj wgmwiBqv| 1947
mvj Zuvi hLb gZz nq ZZw`b AvgwiKvi Mvwiqv Bbg-Gi gZ wZwbI Avie bvixevì c~Rvi g~wZZ cwiYZ nqQb|
Avie bvixev` AvRK

AvRKi Avie bvixevì AbZg kwkvjx mvwU cvIqv hvq d Avdvd Kvbvdvwb-i
mcwZ cKvwkZ wZK_vq, eBUvi bvg bvw`qv, KvcwUf Ae nvc: ggvqvi Ae Gb
Avive DIgvb| Kvbvdvwb wbR cvwjwbxq, h AvZxq fvBqi m Zuvi weq nqwQj
wZwb gviv hvb Avie-BmivBj hy| Kvbvdvwb GB eBZ 1940 I 1950-Gi `kK
Avie mgvR wj-elgi Pnviv eYbv KiQb; mB mv_ Rvi w`q wjLQb bvixev`x bxwZi `vXZvq GKRb gwnjvi euP _vKvi mvebvi K_v hgbUv wZwb wbR KiZ
cqvm cqwQjb| mvgi Ici Rvi `qvB GBme bxwZi wfw hv Kvbv cwgv bvixev`xi _K Kvbvdvwb kLbwb, eis LuyR cqwQjb wbRiB Ai| fxlY ggkx
Zuvi Kvwnbx, GiKgB Aviv e Avie bvixi Kvwnbx AvR ewiq AvmQ huviv wbRi bvixev`x Av`k wbRì gZ Ki Mo ZyjQb|
Ze mme Av`k wbq GK GK mgq PjvUvI `viY KwVb nq co| AvRKi
mePq LwZgvb Avie bvixev`x njb bvIqvj Avj-mv`vDwq, mcwZ wgkixq Av`vjZ
^vgxi mv_ Zuvi weQ` `vwe Ki GK gvgjv `vqi Kiv nq hvZ wZwb wRZZ mg_ nb,
dj wUK hvq Zuvi `vZ Rxeb| Av`vjZ Zuvi wei ag`vni AwfhvM Avbv nq,
ejv nq wZwb mvcwZK GK mvvrKvi hv ejQb ZvZ Ki Zuvi Bmjvg ag ZvMi
welqwU , dj wZwb GKRb gymjgvbi x Avi _vKZ cvib bv| Av`vjZ gvgjvwU
Aekl AvvKuyo wbc KiQ; dj AUzU _KQ mv`vDwqi muvBwk eQii weevwnZ
Rxeb| Aek cwg mePq cwiwPZ Avie bvixev`x, ckvMZ Rxeb Wvvi mv`vDwqK
AvjvPbvi K` wbq Avmvi ay GB gvgjvwUB GKgv NUbv bq|
Avj-mv`vDwq ek wKQy Dcbvm, KqK L wZK_v I AvZRxebx wjLQb Ges
cwZv KiQb Avive DBgbm mwjWvwiwU Gmvwmqkb (GWweDGmG)| Zuvi ggvqvm
Ae Av DIgvb Wi eBZ wZwb wjLQb Wvvwi Rxeb ckvMZ ghv`v ARb KiZ
wMq Kxme evav ZuvK cvi nZ nqQ Ges wbRi j c~iY KiZ wMq Kg eqm weq,
mvbaviY, AbyMZ x nq Pjv A_vr bvixi Rb eua `qv Av`k gb bqvi Rb Kx
cwigvY cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Pvc ZuvK gvKvejv KiZ nqwQj| GKevi mcwZ
cKvwkZ Zuvi AvZRxebx Av WUvi Ae AvBwmm-G wgkixq mgvR ZvjvK, bvixi
DivwaKvi AvBb, cyil wkK AMvwaKvi `qv GBme wj-elgi evcvi Zuvi
mePq AvMKvi wZjvi K_v wjLQb mv`vDwq| Zuvi Wvvwi AwfZv wgki I
65
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
AvwdKvi wKQy cjx GjvKvq cPwjZ gqì Lrbvi (wdgj RwbUvj wgDwUjkb,
msc GdwRGg) evcvi ZuvK mvPvi Ki Zvj| GB evcvi Zuvi mie cwZev`
Ges Abvb Bmy ZuvK Bmjvgx gjev`xì UvMU cwiYZ Ki, 1993 mvj Zuviv
Avj-mv`vDwqi gZz` NvlYv Kij wZwb hyiv cvwo Rgvb Ges G ch mLvbB
emevm KiQb|
Avie bvixevì GKUv ewk GB h, gvwKb bvixevì bvbvb kvLv-ckvLvi gZB
GLvbI gZwfbZv iqQ Ges wbR^ KvVvgvi ga Gme gZwfbZv meYB Mo DVQ|
eZ, wKQy bvixev`xi gZ Avj-mv`vDwqi jLvjv Avie bvixì viv iwPZ mvwnZi
DrK Aski cwZwbwaZ Ki bv, eis Zuvi jLvi cU, Pwi I Kvwnbxjv cwgv bvixev`x Av`vjb BwZga Avie bvix mK h BgR Zix KiQ Zvi mv_B Lvc Lvc
gj| Ab K_vq, mev_ civwRZ I wbtk Ki Ìqv Avie bvixi mB euvav Mr-B Zuvi
jLvq cybtcwZwZ nqQ|
nvbvb Avj-kvBL, dvwZgv giwbwm, Avn`vd myIqd Ges jvBjv mevii gZ
JcbvwmK I jLKiv Avevi GB euvav MrK Abvb dU gvKvwejv KiQb, Pv KiQb
GK mwVK ic w`Z| D`vniY wnmve ejv hvq, wKQy Avie gwnjv hgb GB euvav MrGi mv_ wgj hveb (wVK hgb Lvwj cvcU evPv weklYwU LU hvq wKQy wKQy
gvwKbx gqi ejvq), Abw`K e Avie bvixi AwfZvi mv_ Zv cyivcywi wgje bv|
IWvwji wei
gqì Lrbvi evBi Aviv e iZc~Y Bmy AvQ hjv wbq AvRKi Avie bvixiv msMwVZ nQb hvi ga iqQ weevn-weQì bvq AvBb, gqì Rb mwVK ^v
myweav, cwievi-cwiKbv, wkv BZvw`| cwgv bvixev`xì KvQ Aek Gjvi ga
`ywU Bmy BwZga iZ cqQ mKj bvixi îK wbRì ga Afy Kivi cPvq;
G `yUv Bmy nQ, Avie bvixi Aviv mwVK HwZnvwmK wP wbgvY Ges AwZ AekB
c`v|
BwZnvm Avie bvix mK h `w Mo DVQ ZvZ cvavb cqQ IWvwj wbq
cvvZ Drcvw`Z Dbv`bv| gvwZm, BsMm I `jvvqvi gZ e BDivcxq wkxi wcq
welq IWvwj| AviexZ IWv A_ Ni, Gfve DIgvb Ae ` ig ev myjZvbi iwZv,
GKUv wbw` Nivq h e`x| Ab Kvbv cyili AwaKvi bB IWvwjK `Lvi,
myjZvbB Kej ZvK `LZ cve, Zvi Ljvi wbR^ mivg m| gvwZmi IWvwj
DB_ jdU wb eU Qwei bvixwUK nvigi Kvbv GK Ni Avqmx Avjm em _vKZ
`Lv hvq, gqwU Qwei iwOb cUf~wgwUi Ask nq _vK wK Zvi ga Kvbv mwqZv
bB| QweZ Bw`qcivqYZv I wbwqZvi cwiek Zix Kiv nqQ, meZ myjZvbiB
Rb gqwU Avbgb cZxviZv| cvwme hbZvi m GK g~wZgvb cZxKwekl hvK
Avgiv wewfb ic I Qek BDivci wk I mvwnZ Avwevi Kwi (mvwnZi D`vniY
LuyRZ KvDK RR MWb I jW evqib _K `~i hvIqvi ìKvi bB| evqib Zv
66
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
wbRK c~e`kxq bvqK wnme KbvB KiQb nvigjvZ Awfhvb Pvwjq h

îvPvix myjZvb I kLì KzcvKvr Ki)| bvixi GB BgRwUB GLbI ch c~e
mK cwgi aviYvK kvmb KiQ h c~e Kuyo, Bw`qcivqY, GvwUK Ges gb
wbZ cZ mB GKB BgR, Avn`vd myIqd I jBjv mevii gZ jLKiv hvK
bewbgvY KiZ Pvb|
Avn`vd myIqdi c_g Dcbvm Bb w` AvB Ae ` mvb-G cavb Pwi Avqkv|
^vgxi cwZ m Awek nq Bsjv wcGBPwW Kivi mgq GK AvgwiKvb Qvi mv_
cgi mK Rwoq co| wK Zvi cwgK hLb ZvK GKUv GvwUK wKQy wnme
`LZ _vK ZLb m AZ wei nq KviY wbRi wgkix cwiPq m Kvbv GvwUK
wKQy LuyR cvq bv| GK mvq cwgK ZvK GKwU bKjm cwiq (h bKjm ZvK
Zvi ^vgx wKb w`qwQj) w`q cvPev`x `wfxZ RvwiZ bvbvwea AveMNb K_vevZv
ej| mv_ mv_B Avqkv Zvi cwgKi ga IWvwj-evgvi jY kbv Ki Ges
GBiKg GKUv wRwbm hvi mv_ Zvi eve Rxeb I mgmvi Kvbv mK bB Zvi m
wbRK gjvZ A^xKvi Ki|
IWvwj BgR A^xKvii welqwU `viYfve GmQ jvBjv mevii Dcbvm|
jvBjvI c~ei gq wK evm MoQb cwg (Dwb GKRb AvjwRixq, dv _vKb)|
kivRv` qxi jLK jvBjv| kivRv` GK AvjwRixq evox-cvjvbv gq, cvwimi
AKvi RMZ Nyi eovq Avi wbRK mvb Ki| m wK divmx? bv wK m AvjwRixq?
cwiwwZ wePvi cvqB m `yUvB eb hvq (Avevi KLbI KvbvUvB bv)| kivRvì mv_
Rywjqvbi cwiPq NU| Rywjqvbi cvPev`x wk mK wekl SuvK iqQ Ges
kxMwMwi m wbRi evqibmyjf dvUvwm kivRvì Ici Avivc KiZ hvq| wK
cvwimi ivvi AwfZv Avi kwnxb, `yej Gme MZvbyMwZK BgR Avie bvixi îUvB
h Ko wbqQ m welq gk Mo IVv PZbv BwZga kivRv`K AbK KwVb
KiQ| m RywjqvbK cwiZvM Ki, Ze Zvi AvM NvlYv `q, Avwg IWvwj bv
ggv_ kivRv` msvwqZ nZ A^xKvi Ki| Dcbvmi kl m `wY dv
wnPnvBK Ki iIbv `q, mLvb _K m AvjwRwiqvq hve Zvi wkKo LuyRZ|
GB `yRb jLKi KvR ej `q Avie bvixiv wKfve AvZcwiPq cybivii Pvq
iZ Ges wKfve Zuviv wbRì HwZnvwmKfve weKZ BgR mskvabi Pv KiQb|
c`v
1923 mvj `v kvivDwq wbRi `k wgki GK weivU DRbvi Rb `b; BDivc
(mLvb AvRvwZK bvixev`x mjb wMqwQjb) _K RvnvR wgkii eì fov
gv wZwb cKvk Zuvi eviLv mgy` wbc Kib| eviLvi cZxKx ZvrchK A^xKvi
Kivi GB c`c cyiv MYgvagi gbvhvM Ko wbqwQj mw`b| Ze eviLvi (ev
c`vi) Kvbv mvaviY A_ gb nq KLbI Zgb Ki wQj bv, Gi KviY meZ GB h,
cZK mgvR I cZK HwZnvwmK gyn~Z eviLvi Ici wfb wfb A_ Avivc KiQ|
67
Abyev`: wcwmjv ivR
MvRv f~L KqK eQi AvM Avwg cuvP eQi eqmx gqì Kvjv Kvco gvov
`LwQjvg; Avevi cwg Zxi wKkvix gqìK wRbmi Ici Kvgi ch wnRve
ciZ `LwQ; KvU `vwcq evUej Ljv gqjv cLi m~h _K gv_v euvPvZ wnRve
PvwcqwQj| Gmei gvb Kx? c`v GKgvwK wj-elgi wP meZ bq| Zuvi DBgb
G ` wgWj B G b_ AvwdKv-q RywW_ B UvKvi bvixi cvkvK wbevPbi evcvi
wKQy RwUjZvi K_v ejQb hvi mv_ wcZZvwK iPzi h me mgq mK _vKe
GgbUv bq:
c`v Kiv cwgv `wKvY _K AekB GKUv gwjK bvix welqK Bmy| 1980 I 1990Gi
`kK gacvPi wewfb GjvKvq wekl Ki bMi GjvKvjvZ gqiv GK bZyb aibi
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1 Awgvivb: BsiRx mvwnZ ej eeZ GB nvwZqviwUi Kvbv Dchy evsjv cwifvlv LuyR cvBwb|
ZvB J A Cuddon cYxZ Penguin Books cKvwkZ Penguin Reference-Gi A Dictionary of
Literary Terms-G `qv evLvi Askwekl Zzj aiwQ:
Oxymoron: (Greek pointedly foolish) A figure of speech which combines
incongruous and apparently contradictory words and meanings for a special
effect. As in Lambs celebrated remark: I like a smuggler. He is the only honest thief.
It is a common device, closely related to antithesis and paradox, especially in
poetry, and is of condiderable antiquity. There are many splendid instances in
English poetry. It was particularly popular in the late 16th century and during
the 17th. A famous example occurs in Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo jests
about love:
Heres much to do with hate, but more with love,
Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
O anything! Of nothing first create!
O heavy lightness! serious vanity
Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!
Other well-known examples are Miltons description of hell in Paradise Lost:

No light, but rather darkness visible.
A Dictionary of Literary Terms-Gi h msiYwU G eenvi KiwQ mwU MU weUb cKvwkZ

nq 1979Z I gvwKb hyiv 1982Z|
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L.
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jLvq cKvkKi bvg DjL bB| g~j jLvq h gvbymvi bvgjv GmQ GLvb mfveB eBjvi
DjL Kiv nj|
1. Edward Said Orientalism
2. Edited by Dawn Chatty & Annika Rabo Organizing Women: Formal and
Informal Womens Groups in the Middle East
3. (Name of author/s is not referred) The Legal Rights of the Egyptian Women in
Theory and Practice
4. Shirley Guthrie Arab Women in the Middle Ages
5. Qasim Amin, published in 1899, The Liberation of Women
6. Edited by Margot Badran and Miriam Cooke Opening the Gates: A Century of
Arab Feminist Writing
7. Fay Afaf Kanafani Nadia, Captive of Hope: Memoir of an Arab Woman
8. Nawal al-Saadawi Memoirs of a Woman Doctor
9. Nawal al-Saadawi A Daughter of Isis
10. Ahdaf Soueif In the Eye of the Sun
11. Leila Sebbar, Writer of Shrazade trilogy (Names of the trilogy are not
referred)
12. Judith E. Tucker Women and the Middle East and North Africa
13. Leila Ahmed Women and Gender in Islam
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Veiled Arab Woman (GwPs, 1913)| BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.orlikprints.com/pages/
single/6.html|
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1 Naranjo-Huebl, Linda, From Peek-a-boo to Sarcasm: Women's Humor as a Means of
Both Connection and Resistance.
2 Robin Lakoff, Language and Woman's Place (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 56.
3 Mary Crawford, "Just Kidding: Gender and Conversational Humor," in Regina
Barreca, ed., New Perspectives on Women and Comedy (Philadelphia: Gordon and
Breach, 1992), p. 24.
4 Mahadev L. Apte, Humor and Laughter: An Anthropological Approach (Ithaca, NY:
Cornell University Press, 1985), p. 70.
5 Norman N. Holland, Laughing: A Psychology of Humor (Ithaca and London: Cornell
University Press, 1982).
6 Mary K. Rothbart, "Incongruity, Problem-Solving and Laughter," in Chapman and
Foot, Humor and Laughter; Max Eastman, The Enjoyment of Laughter (New York,
1936); D. E. Berlyne, "Laughter, Humor, and Play," in Gardner Lindzey and Elliott
Aronson, eds., The Handbook of Social Psychology, 2d edition, (Reading, MA, 1969,
III), pp. 795-852; and Norman Holland, Laughter, p. 30.
7 Dundas, Alan. Cracking Jokes: Studies of sick humor cycles and stereotypes.
(Barkeley, CA: Ten Speed press, 1987).

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KiwQj| Zvì mevBK evwjKv eqmi GKevi i _K ^vgx LvuRv I evPv enb
Kiv ... BZvw` KvRB wbRì RxebK wbew`Z ivLZ nZ|
kniZjxi GB MwnYx bvixB wQj AvgwiKvi ZiY-bvixì ^ci I Clvi cwZg~wZ,
mviv cw_exi bvixì I GUv ejv nZ| wevb Ges kg-euvPvbv Mnvwj-hcvwZi
mvnvh AvgwiKvb MwnYx-bvixiv gyw cqwQj GKNq KvwKi LvUzwb, mvb Rb
`qvi wecbK SzuwK Avi `v`xi AmyL _K| m wQj ^veZx, myìx, wkwZ Ges
Kejgv Zvi ^vgx, evPv I Ni wbq DwM| Gmei gaB m bvixZi mwZKvii
c~YZv LyuR cqwQj| cyili RMZ m cwic~Y Ges mgvb-mx wnme mvwbZ nZv
Kej GKRb MwnYx Ges gv ej| gvUiMvwo, Kvco-Pvco, Mnvjxi hcvwZ, evRvim`vB BZvw` evQvB Kivi m ^vaxb wQj| Zvi mewKQyB wQj hUv bvixiv wbii
^ci ga w`q PvBZ|
wZxq wekhyi cieZx cbi eQi bvixZi GB inmgq cwic~YZv mhZ jvjb I
ZvK euvwPq ivLvi ga w`q Zv AvgwiKvi mgKvjxb mswZi gge nq DVwQj|
AvgwiKvi kniZjxi j j bvix Rxebhvcb KiZ Ggbme gbvig Qwei cwZg~wZi
fZi hme QweZ `Lv hZ MwnYxiv wcKPvi-DBvi mvgb ^vgxK we`vq RvbvQ,
evPv-fwZ kbIqvMb-Mvwo yj Lvwj Ki AvmQ Ges nvmZ nvmZ ò hvQ
ZKZK ivbvNii gSZ ivLv Zvì bZzb BjwK Iqfvii w`K| Zviv Zvì
wbRì iwU muK wbZ, wbRi Ges Zvì mvbì Kvco-Pvco mjvB KiZ Avi
Zvì bZzb avjvB-gwkb I Rj-Kvbvi-hcvwZ mvivw`b Pvjvbvi ga ivLZ| Zviv
mvn GKevii e`j `yBevi Zvì weQvbvi PvìwjK cvvZ, Zvì ^vgxìK
Kxfve eokxZ Mu_ ivLv hvq G welq eq wkvq cvV wbZ, Zviv Zvì Amnvq
nZvkvM gvqì KiYv KiZ hvì ^c wQj wbRi Kvwiqvi Movi| Zvì GKgv
^c wQj Kxfve GKRb wbLyuZ gv Ges x nq IVv hvq, Zvì mevP AvKvv wQj
cvuPwU mvb bqv I GKUv myì evwoi| Zvì GKgv jovB wQj ^vgx-aiv I ZvK
Kvq ivLv| Nii evBii RMZi Abvixmyjf mgmv wbq Zvì KvbviKg
fvebvwPv wQj bv; Zviv PvBZ cyilivB iZc~Y wmvwj wbK| bvix wnmve Zvì
f~wgKv wbq Zviv Mie eva KiZ Ges Av`ggvwii dig ckvi Ni Mei m
wjLZ: ckv: MwnYx|
1950 I 60 Gi-`kK hw` Kvbv bvixi Kvbv mgmv nZ Zvnj m RvbZ h,
Zvi weqZ A_ev Zvi wbRi ga AekB Kvbv fyj AvQ| m fveZ Ab bvixiv
Zvì Rxeb wbq m AvQ| ivbvNii gS cwivi Kivi ga w`q bvixZi GB h
inmgq cwic~YZv mUv hw` m AbyfeB KiZ bv cvi Zvnj m Kvbv aibi bvix?
m Zvi Amw Keyj KiZ GZB jwZ wQj h m RvbZvB bv KZ msLK Ab
bvixiv Zv wbq ciii ga fve-wewbgq KiZ| hw` m Zvi ^vgxK ejvi Pv KiZ,
Zvi ^vgx eySZvB bv h m Kx wbq K_v ejQ| cKZc, m wbRB Zv eySZv bv|
cbi eQii ekx mgq ai AvgwiKvi bvixiv `Lj h hb-welq K_v ejvi PqI
dvBWb \ h mgmv...
90
Zvì GB mgmv wbq K_v ejv KZ KwVb| GgbwK gbvweìvI GB mgmvi Kvbv bvg
w`Z cvibwb| AbK gqì gZ hLb GKRb bvix gbvwekli KvQ mvnvhi
Rb hZ m ejZ Avwg GZB jwZ A_ev Avwg AekB `yfvMekZ GKRb
vqyeKjM| kniZjxi GKRb gbvwekl A^wi m ejQb, Avwg Rvwb bv
AvRKvjKvi bvixì Kx mgmv| Avwg Kejgv Rvwb h wKQy GKUv mgmv wbqB
AvQ KviY Avgvi AvwaKvsk ivMxB NUbvP bvix Ges Zvì mgmv hbmsv bq|
hwÌ, AwaKvsk bvixivB Zvì GB mgmvwU wbq gbvwekli KvQ hZ bv| Zviv
wbRivB ZvìK ejZ cKZc Kvbv mgmvB bvBKv_vI Kvbv mgmv bvB|
wK 1959 mvji GK Gwcji mKvj wbDBqK _K cbi gvBj `~i GKUv
kniZjxi Dbqbi PviRb gv Ab PviRb gvqi mv_ Kwd cvb KiZ KiZ
GKRbi wKQyUv ecivqv î Avwg bjvg mgmv| Abiv KvbviKg k ejv QvovB
RvbZ h m h welq wbq K_v ejwQj mUv Zvi ^vgx, mvb ev Ni msv bq| nVvr
Zviv Dcjw Kij h mKjB GKB mgmvi Askx`vi h mgmvi bvg bvB| wavi mv_
Zviv GUv wbq K_v ejv i Kij| cieZxZ Zvì mvbì bvmvwi zj _K wdwiq
evmvq Nyg cvovbvi ci `yBRb bvix wbfRvj ^w eva Ki Ku` DVj GBUyKz fe h
Zviv GKv bq|
gk Avwg eyS DVwQjvg h AvgwiKvi AMwYZ bvixiv h mgmvwUi bvg bB Zv wbq
ciii mv_ Avjvc PvjvZ| GKRb gvMvwRb-jLK wnmve Avwg cvqkB bvixì
mvvrKvi wbZvg; Zvì mvb A_ev weq A_ev mc`vqMZ mgmv wbq| wKQyYi
gaB Avwg GB ewMZ welq duvm Ki `qv jYi Abvb mgmv kbv KiZ i
Kijvg| kniZjxi wekvj Lvgvi evwowjZ, js-AvBjvi gaZjvq, wbDRvwm I
IqPvi KvDwUZ, Qv gmvPzmU&m& knii JcwbewkK NiwjZ, ggwdmi
AvwjK fvlvq, kniZjx I knii KvgivwjZ Ges wgWIqi emZNiwjZ Avwg
GKB jY `LwQjvg| GKRb wicvUvi wnmve bq, kniZjxi GKRb MwnYx wnme
Kvbv GK mgq Avwg GB mgmvwU Dcjw KiwQjvg, h mgq Avwg GKB mv_
wbDBqKi iKjv KvDwUZ wbRi wZbwU mvbI jvjbcvjb KiwQjvg| KjRi
QvvevmwjZ Ges Avav-ewMZ gvZm`bi KMywjZ, AwffveK-wkK mwgwZi
mfvwjZ, bvix-fvUvi-jxMi gavfvRwjZ, kniZjxi KKUj cvwUwjZ,
Ubi Rb AcviZ kb-IqvMbwjZ Ges vdU&mi K_vcK_b _K nVvr b
djv UzKiv-K_vwjZ Avwg mgmvwUi cwZawb bwQjvg| GB `jMZ îwj Avwg
Abvb bvixì KvQ _K bwQjvg| kv weKjwjZ hLb mvbiv yj _vKZ A_ev
kv mvwjZ hLb ^vgxiv ewk mgq ai KvR KiZ; Avgvi gb nq, GUvi evcK
mvgvwRK I gbvwK wbwnZv_ evSvi AbK AvMB GKRb bvix wnme Avwg Zv
eySwQjvg|
mgmvwU Avmj Kx wQj hUvi Kvbv bvg bB? bvixì GB eeZ kwj Kx
wQj hLb Zviv GUvK cKvk KiZ Pv PvwjqwQj? KLbv KLbv GKRb bvix ej
dvBWb \ h mgmv...
91
DVZ hKvbv KviYB nvK, Avgvi wbRK duvKv jvM, Am~Y jvM| A_ev m ej
DVZ, Avwg Abyfe Kwi hb Avgvi Kvbv AwZB bB| KLbv KLbv m GB
Abyf~wZK Avovj KiZ Nygi Jla Lq| KLbv KLbv m fveZ mgmvwU Zvi ^vgxK
wbq A_ev Zvi mvbK wbq A_ev m gb KiZ evwoNiK cybtmv KivB cKZc
ìKvi A_ev GKRb fvj cwZewki evwo _K Nyi Avmv, A_ev GKUv mK Mov,
A_ev AviI GKUv evPv bqv| m wewfb jY wbq KLbv KLbv wPwKrmKi KvQ
hZ, m bvggv eYbv KiZ cviZ: GKUv KvwKi Abyf~wZAvwg mvbì mv_ GZB
ivM Kwi hv AvgvK fxZ Ki Zyj Avwg Kvb KviY QvovB Kvbv Abyfe Kwi|
(Kfjvi GKRb Wvvi GUvK ejQb, MwnYxì jY)| AmsL bvix Zvì
nvZ I evZ dvvi K_v ejQb hv _K AbK iiY nZ| cbwmjfvwbqvi
GKRb cvwievwiK-wPwKrmK ejQb, Avwg GUvK ewj MwnYxì ivM| hvì PviUv,
cuvPUv wKsev QqUv mvb AvQ, hviv _vjvevmbi ga wbgwZ _vK Ggbme ZiY
bvixì ga Avwg GUv cvqB `LZ cvB| GUv wWUviRU-Gi KviY bq, ev KwURvbGi gvag GUvK mvwiq Zvjv hvq bv| [KwURvb GK aibi c`v_ hv Av_ivBwUm ev
wKQy wKQy GvjvwRi wPwKrmvq eeZ nq|Abyev`K]
h mgmvi bvg bB Zv AvgwiKvi GB myLx MwnYx-cwZg~wZ f` Ki 1960 mvj
GKUv dvuovi gZ dU co| wUwf-wevcb ZLbI ch GB myì MwnYxì dbvwqZ
_vjvevmb gvRvi hcvwZi Dci Avjv djwQj| UvBgm-Gi cQ` KvwnbxZ wQj:
kniZjxi MwnYx, AvgwiKvi GKwU cc hLvb cwZev` Ki jLv nqwQj: GZ
fvjv GKUv mgq KvUvQ ... GUv wekvm Kiv KwVb h, Zvì AmyLx nIqv DwPZ| wK
AvgwiKvi MwnYxì cKZ AmyL nVvr KiB cKvk nwQj| wbDBqK UvBgm, wbDRDBK,
_K WnvDmwKwcs Ges wmweGm wUwf (Rvj AvUKv MwnYx) hwÌ cvq cZKB
hviv G welqwU wbq K_v ejwQj, Zviv GUv LvwiR KiZ wKQy fvmv fvmv KviY LuyR
cqwQj| Nii QvULvU hcvwZ mvivbvi AhvM wgw (wbDBqK UvBg&m), kniZjxi
`~ieZx wkì Rb ewMZ PvjK wbqvM Kiv (UvBg), A_ev AbK wkK-AwffveK
mwgwZ (iWeyK)i Dci GUv Avivc Kiv nqwQj| KD KD ejwQj, GUv nQ GKUv
cyivZb mgmv: wkv AbK ewk bvixi wkv wQj, hUv ^vfvweKfveB ZvìK AmyLx
MwnYx evwbqQ| dqW _K wdRwWqvi, mdvwKm _K vK-Gi h gnvmoK Zv
wYKi Rb gvPo w`q IV, wbDBqK UvBgm GUv cKvk Ki (Ryb, 1960)|
(AbK ZiY bvix AekB mevB bq hvì wkv Zvì Ggb GKUv fvebvi RMZ
wbgwZ KiwQj hLvb Zviv Zvì Ni `geKi cwiwwZ Abyfe KiZv| Zviv `L
Ggb GK Rxeb hvi mv_ Zvì cv wkvi Kvbv mK bB| Ggb GK AeiKi
Aev, hLvb Zviv wbRì Ae`wgZ Abyfe KiwQj| kl eQi, bvix-KjRwji
cwmWUiv AwfhvMi gyLvgywL nq wkwZ MwnYxì mgmv wbq WRbLvbK eZv
Dcvcb Ki hwji mviK_v njv, 16 eQii we`vqZwbK-cwkYB x I gv nIqvi
Rb evemZ cwZ|)
wkwZ MwnYxì cwZ AbK mge`bv wQj (GKRb `yB gv_v-Iqvjv wmRvdwbK
dvBWb \ h mgmv...
92
ivMx, GK`v whwb MfBqvW-Kweì Ici GKwU ce wjLwQjb, GLb wZwb `ya Kbvi
wnmve jLb| GK`v whwb mvjwdDwiK GwmWi zUbv wbaviY KiZb GLb wZwb
wgxì AcwikvwaZ cvIbvi zUbv wbaviY Kib ... MwnYxiv cvqB AvZbv` I KvbvK
_vwgq ivLZv ... GUv `Lv hZ h Zvi GB Kwe _K gyLiv igYx nq DVvi cwqvi
fZi KDB GgbwK m wbRI wbRK h_vh_fve Dcjw KiZ cviZv bv|)
Mvn A_bxwZweìv MwnYxì Rb Aviv evemZ cwZi civgk w`Zb, hgb
DP-we`vjq Nii hcvwZ iYveY welqK Kgkvjv| KjRi wkvwe`MY
bvixìK Zvì Mvn Rxebi m Lvc LvIqvbvi evcvi Ni I cwievi-eevcbvi
Ici ewk Ki AvjvPbv-`j MVbi civgk w`Zb| MY-cwKvjvZ AvKwKfve
AbK cei Rvqvi eq Mj hLvb cvweZ nZv Zvgvi weqK Aviv ekx
AvKlYxq Ki Zvjvi AvUvbwU Dcvq AvQ| gbvwekl ev hbwevbxì bZzb eB
Qvov Kvbv gvmB hZ bv hLvb Zviv hbZvi ga w`q AwaKZi c~YZv ARbi
KjvKkjMZ LuywUbvwU civgk w`Zb|
nvicvi evRvi cwKvq (RyjvB, 1960) GKRb cyil-ig-jLK Vvv Ki
wjLwQjb, bvixì fvUvwaKvi Ko bIqvi gvagB GB mgmvwUi mgvavb nZ
cvi| (cvK Dwbk kZKi AvBbx-mskvabx hyM, AvgwiKvi bvixiv wQj kv, wbivcÀvwkZ Ges AvgwiKvi mgvR Zvì f~wgKv mK wQj wbw| Zvi me aibi
ivRbwZK wmv m ^vgxi KvQ mgcY KiZv, wecixZ Zvi ^vgx cwievi msv
mKj wmv xi Ici Qo w`Zv| GLb, bvixiv ivRbwZK I cvwievwiK Dfq welqB
wmv MnY Ki, hUv Zvi Rb AbK ewk|)
wKQy msLK wkvwe` AZ iZi m civgk w`wQjb h, bvixìK
KvbvfveB Pvi eQi gqv`x KjR ev wekwe`vjq-G fwZ Kiv hve bv: GB AvbweK
hyM KjRi GB geagvb mU, bvixì Zzjbvq Qjì KvRi GB wkv
AbK ewk Riix, Kbbv gqiv MwnYx wnme Zvì wkvUvK Kvb KvR jvMvZ
bv|
mgmvwU LvwiR Kiv nqwQj GKB m GKwU hbZb mgvavb w`q Ges KDB
iZi m GUvK MnY Ki wb| (nvcvi evRvi cwKvq GKRb bvix-jLK cve
KiwQjb h, bvixì evaZvg~jKfve Ggb aibi PvKzix hgb mweKv, wk
iYveY BZvw` KvR wbqvM w`Z ne|) Ges AbK cyivZb mU-gvPbKvix
`vIqvB w`q, fvjevmvB GB mgmvwji mgvavb, AvZ-mvnvhB-Gi GKgv
mgvavb, cwic~YZvi Mvcb inm mvb, eywewK cwic~YZv GKwU ewMZ
Dcvq, Aii GB e_v-wbivgqi mnR mgxKiY njv, fMevbi Dk GKRbi
AvZv I Zvi AvKvvK mgcY Kiv|1
mgmvwU LvwiR Kiv nqwQj GB ej h, MwnYxiv eySZ cviQ bv h Zviv KZUv
fvMeZx m wbRB Zvi em&, Kvbv mgq-Nwo bvB, Aab Kvbv eevcK bvB h
Zvi PvKwi `Lj Ki be| GZI hw` Zviv myLx bv nq, Zvnj m wK fve GB cw_exZ
cyiliv myLx? m wK Avmj Mvcb GLbI cyil nIqvi AvKvv cvlY Ki? m wK
dvBWb \ h mgmv...
93
GLbI Rvb bv bvix nIqvi KviY m KZUv fvMeZx? ...

hwÌ mgmvwU eve ZviciI AwaKvsk cyil I wKQy bvix ZLbI ch Zv RvbZ
bv| wK hviv GB mgmv mwZB gvKvejv KiwQjb Zviv RvbZb h fvmv fvmv GBme
cwZKvi, mnvbyf~wZ fiv civgk, Zxe frmbv I DrmvnevPK kivwk Kvbv bv Kvbvfve
GB mgmvwUK Aevei AZj wbgwZ KiQ| GKUv wZ nvwm i nqwQj hv
AvgwiKvi bvixì KvQ _K kvbv wMqwQj| Zvì YMvb, Clv I KiYv Ges Zvqb
Kiv nqwQj hZY bv Zviv ZvZ Amy nq cowQj| Zvì mvgb AvKwK mgvavb
ev evKvwgc~Y mvebv `qv nqwQj hjvK Zviv KDB iZi m MnY Ki wb|
weKvkgvb weivU msLK weevn I wk Zveavb-welqK civgkK, gbvwK wPwKrmK,
Avivg-K`vivq Avmxb gbvweì wbKU _K Zviv civgk cZ Kxfve MwnYx wnme
Zvì h f~wgKv Zvi m Zviv Lvc LvBq be| wek kZKi gvSLvb AvgwiKvb
bvixì mvgb cwic~YZvi Avi Kvbv c_ nvwRi Kiv nq wb| AwaKvsk bvixivB h
mgmvi bvg bvB Zvi m wbRì f~wgKvK Lvc LvBq wbqwQj I hYv fvM KiwQj
A_ev mgmvwUK Aenjv KiwQj| bvixì Rb GUv ne Kg e`bvi hw` bv Zvi
wbRi fZi RM IVv GB AyZ, Am î m bv kvb|
AvgwiKvi GZ AwaK msLK bvixi GB gwiqv nq IVvi AevK, Zvì KîK
A^xKvi Kivi Avi Kvbv ivv bvB| bvixK Kx evSvbv nQ, wekliv Kx ivq `b
Zv bq GUv| gvbexq e`bvi wcQb KviY AvQ, KviYwU ZLbI Rvbv hvq wb, Kbbv
mwVK ckwU Kiv nq wb| KviY h_ iZ `qv nq wb| Avwg GB DiwU MnY KiZ
ivwR bB hKvbv mgmv bB KviY AvgwiKvi bvixiv Ab hKvbv mgq I vbi
bvixì Zzjbvq Ggb wejvmi ga AvQb hv KLbv Abiv Kbv KiZ cvi bv|
AyZzo GB mgmvi bZzbZ njv GUv e-cyivZb gvbyli eMZ mgmv-`vwi`, ivM,
zav, kxZ viv eySv hve bv| GB mgmvq fvMv bvixì AvQ Ggb GK zav, Lv`mvgMx hv gUvZ cvi bv|
GB mgmvwU (h mgmvi bvg bB) Kvbv-bv-Kvbvfve wK MwnYxì MnvwjiwUbi m mwKZ nZ cvi? hLb GKRb bvix Zvi mgmvwUK fvlvi gvag evLv
KiZ Pvq ZLb K`vwPZB m Zvi cwZw`bi Rxeb-hvcbi eYbv w`Z cvi| GB eqvb
Ggb Avivg`vqK Mnvwj Aevi weZ weeiY _vK hv Zvi fZi Ggb gwiqv Aevi
KviY NUvq? x, cYqcv_x, gv, mweKv, fvv, ewMZ-mnKvix, Mnmv-KvR `,
wk hZ, Nii hcvwZi givgZ, Avmevec cybtmv, cyw I wkv mvaviYfve
AvaywbK MwnYx wnme Zvi f~wgKvi h evcK Pvc Zvi dvu` m wK AvUKv coQ? Zvi
w`bwj AbK fvM fvM nq hvq KviY ZvK wWk-Iqvkvi _K i Ki Iqvwks
gwkb, UwjdvbIqvjv _K i Ki Kvco-Kvbvi gwkb, kb-IqvMb _K i
Ki mycvi gvKU ch òvZ nq, Ges RwbK wjUj& jxM Ljvi gvV I RwbK bvPi
Kvk cuQ w`Z nq, Nvm QuvUvi jvKK KvR jvwMq w`Z nq, Ges m `L h cb
7Uv eR MQ| KLbvB hKvbv welqB nvK bv Kb 15 wgwbUi ewk m mgq
dvBWb \ h mgmv...
94
LiP KiZ cvi bv, Kejgv gvMvwRb Qvov eB covi Zvi mgq _vKZ bv, GgbwK hw`
Zvi nvZ mgqI _vKZv, ZLb m Zvi gbvhvM `qvi gZvUzKz nvwiq djZ| w`bi
kl m GZ fqvbK cwikv _vKZ h Zvi ^vgxK wkì weQvbvq kvqvbvi Rb
GwMq AvmZ nZ|
m KviY GB wefxwlKvgq Kvw AbK bvixìK 1950-Gi `kK wPwKrmKi
vi KiwQj| GKRb wPwKrmK wmv bq GUvi KviY Abymvb Kivi| weqi welq,
D MelK `LwQj Zvi ivMxiv MwnYx-Aemv`-G fyMQ, GKRb eq gvbyli h
cwigvY Nygi ìKvi nq Zvi ivMxiv Zvi PqI ewk cwigvY NygvZ, w`b 10 NUv ev
Zvi I Pq ewk| dj evwoi KvRi mgq Kg hZ, Pvc coZ Zvi mvg_i Ici|
MelK wmv Uvbb, GB eve mgmvwU AekB Ab Kv_vI iqQ meZ Aemv`|
wKQy wPwKrmK Zvì bvix-ivMxì ejZb, Zvì AekB GKw`bi Rb njI evwoi
evBi hZ, kni wMq wmbgv `L Zvì mgq KvUvZ| Ab wPwKrmKiv Nygi Jla
LZ civgk w`Z| kniZjxi AbK MwnYxiv Kvwki wmivci gZ Nygi Ilya LvwQj|
Zzwg mKvj IVv Ges Abyfe Kiv h Zvgvi Kv_vI hvIqvi Kvbv Me bB, hiKgUv Abw`bi ejvZI NU| myZivs Zzwg Nygi Ilya LvI, KviY GUv Zvgvi MenxbZv wbq Zgbfve ZvgvK wePwjZ Ki bv|
kniZjxi MwnYxiv Zvì mgqi h Aweivg Pvci duv` AvUKv coQ, Zvi
eve weeiY mnRB `Lv hvq| wK h wkKj ZvK Zvi duv` AvUK iLQ, Zv njv
Zvi gb I Zvi gvbwmK Aev| Zviv h wkKj AvUKv AvQ mwj Zwi nqQ Am~Y
mZ I Aeve cQì v-aviYv I fyj evLvi gvag| wkKjwjK mnR `Lv hvq
bv I mnR aiv hvq bv|
GKRb bvix GB m~Y mZUvK Kxfve Zvì wbRi mxgve Rxebi fZi
`LZ cvi? h Rxeb m hvcb Ki m Rxeb cPwjZ. ^xKZ mZK bvKP Ki Zvi
h fZii î ZvK m Kxfve wekvm Ki? Avi Avwg mme bvixi mv_ K_v ejwQ,
hviv Aekl wbRì AMZ î bZ cvQ, gb nQ Awekvmfve GKUv mZ `vbv
eua DVQ, hv weklì gZvgZK bvKP Kivi av `Lvq|
UxKv
1 See the Seventy-fifth Anniversary Issue of Good Housekeeping, May, 1960, "The Gift
of Self," a symposium by Margaret Mead, Jessamyn West, et al.
jLKi cwiwPwZ
wewU dvBWb AvgwiKvi bvixev`x bZv I jLK| hyivi Bwjbq ivRi wcIwiqv kni RbMnY Kib
1921 mvj| covkvbv KiQb evKji w_ KjR I Kvwjdvwbqv wek-we`vjq| hyiv bvixAv`vjbi m mvivRxeb ai mwq iqQb| 1963 mvj cKvwkZ dwgwbb wgwK Zuvi GKwU iZc~Y
eB| bvixi c~YZv Kej x nIqvq I gvZZ AvgwiKvq `xN Kvj ai cwZwZ G aibi KZZkxj
dvBWb \ h mgmv...
95

cyilZvwK gZv`k I gbvfxi cwZ weklfve Pvj Qzuo `q GB eB| 1966 mvj bvkbvj
AiMvbvBRkvb di DBgb (bvI) Mo Zvjb, hv bvixi mgZv cwZvi jovBq GLbI mwq|
19661970 ch wZwb GB msMVbi cwmWU wnme `vwqZ cvjb Kib| GQvov, bvkbvj DBgb&m&
cwjwUKvj KKvm (1971), BUvibvkbvwj dwgwb KsMm (1976), dv DBgb&m& evsK (1973)
Mo ZzjZI wZwb mnvqZv Kib| wkKZvi mv_ hy _K wewU dvBWb Zuvi we`vqZwbK cwimiI bvix
welqK jLvjwLi mv_ wbqwgZ hy AvQb| dwgwbb wgwK evÌ Zvi Abvb DjLhvM eB nj: BU
PBW& gvB jvBd (1976), w` mK R (1981), w` dvDBb Ad GR& (1993), jvBd mv dvi
(2000)|
Abyev`Ki cwiwPwZ
KiQb| KweZv-ce jLb| Zvui KveMi bvg Luvqvoi gq| BgBj: chaka_66@yahoo.com|
iwe iwdK GKUv emiKvwi cwZvb KgiZ AvQb| ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq AaqbiZ mgq wZwb bvix
cMwZ msMVbwU Zwi KiwQjb I Gi c ek wKQy KvR KiQb|
jLvi Drm
wewU dvBWbi w` dwgwbb wgmwUK (WweD. WweD. bUb Av Kvvwb, BbKcviUW) eBqi c_g Aavq
_K Abyev` Kiv nqQ|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewUi bvg emjvBb: nvDmIqvBd| Kvi AuvKv Zv Dvi Kiv hvq
wb| QwewU BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.fozzdances.com/blog/obragrafica/index4.html|
dvBWb \ h mgmv...
96
wmbw_qv wcUvi&m&
weq wK wbivcv `q bvwK

wbqY Ki?
Abyev`: ib&Rb
mgKvgx AwaKvi Av`vq Av`vjbi AvBbwm weqi myhvM jvfi Pvi cwZwqvZ
Gi AvMi GKwU fvl Avwg wjLwQjvg: Avmj Avcwb Kx PvBQb m mK mZK
nvb|
j wnme, weq Kivi ^vaxbZv ARb ckmvc welq Kb Zvi wKQz evLv
cvIqv hve weevni Aceenvi weklY Ki Ìqv mvcwZK AvBbx wmv-jvq|
Qj ev gq mgKvgxì weqi AwaKvi A^xKvi Kiv ZB elgg~jK| wK GB
evavi cvPxi cwiq wMqI Avgiv _K hve wjev`x, wj-weKviM, KZZcivqY
cwZvbi ga| h cwZvb (ewkifvM ) Mixe gqì Ges hviv KVvifve
wbYxZ, LuywU Mo emv hbZv I mvgvwRK AvPiY mwKZ mywbw` wewajv gvbZ Pvq
bv Zvì kvw weavbi RbI eeZ nZ cvi|
cMwZKvgxiv hLb evav cwiq hvevi msMvg iZ; ZLb evavi Icvi Kx AvQ
mw`K mZK `w w`Z e_ nq Avgvì msMvgK LvUv Kiv wVK ne bv| GUv wVK
h, weq Kivi gvag AvBbi AvIZvaxb wbw` wKQz wbivcv, wKQy wKQy myweav Ges
mvgvwRK ^xKwZ cvIqv hvq hjvi meB h_ Rxeb I cwievi MVbi PviZ
RywUì Rb mnvqK nZ cvi| wK weq bvgi cwZvbwU Avevi kvw-weavb I Pvwcq
Ìqv wbw` wKQz AvPiYwewa cvjb Kivi wb`kbv Ìqvi RbI eeZ nq _vK|
evb Mve-Gi mvcwZK (26AvM 2001) GKwU wbe bqwU ivRi AvBbi
eBc NuU-NyU Aleanation of Affection Laws Gi avivjv cKvk KiQ|
AvBbi GB avivjvZ weavb AvQ h, weevwnZ KviI mv_ ZZxq Kvbv gvbyli
mK nj mB Aci gvbylwUi wZc~iY w`Z ne ^vgx ev xi GKRbK hvi mxi
mv_ m mK cZQ| fveUv GiKg, KviI weevwnZ mxi mv_ mK Kiv gvb Zvi
mw Pzwi Kiv| Avi ZvB hvi mxK cUvbv njv ZvK DccwZ ev DccZxi GB A_`
Ìqvi weavb| GUv wVK h, Aleanation of Affection Laws wewajv cyivbv I
A-eeZ| wK weevn-weQ` evcviUvK KwVb Kivi Rb Abylmn mjvi
mvcwZK cybivwefve Avgvì GUvB gb Kwiq `q Avgiv Kvi mv_, Kxfve mg
Kie, cwievi Mo Zzje ev ewMZ mK eRvq ivLe GB wmvjv bIqv A_ev
Gme welq KvbUv ^vfvweK I MnYhvM Zv wVK Ki Ìqvi Rb ivi bvK Mjvevi
ivv Zwi Ki `q weq| j Kib:
wmbw_qv \ weq
97
Abyev`: ib&Rb

mdj mgvRi wfw njv weq AvBbcYZvMYi GB wmvK mvgb iL 1996 mvji
ewMZ `vqeZv I KgmyhvM wewa [The 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work
Opportunity Act] (PRWOA)] AweevwnZ gvqì Rb KvRi cwigvY wbw` Ki w`qQ
Zvì weqi wcuwoZ emZ eva Kivi Rb| wK weevwnZ gvqì Rb GB evaevaKZv
bvB| PRWOA Abyhvqx evev-gv `yRb wgj mvn 35 Nv cwikg KijB Pj| (ivRi
A_vwqZ wk m`bi myweav Qvov| GB myweav wbj Zvì AekB 55 Nv KvR KiZ ne|)
Abw`K GKRb GKK evev ev gvK GKvB 30 Nv KvR KiZ nq| Gwendolyn Mink
ejb gqìK cvl _K Kgx evbvbvi evcvi Avcwb hv-B b _vKb bv Kb,
cwievijvi Rb GB mvgwqK mvnvh eev weqi weK wnme `L gRyix kgK, KjvYK
bq| Avmj GUv njv gvqì ^vaxbZvi kvw|
1805 mvji ewfPvi wei AvBb (hvZ weq bv Ki GKRb Qj I gqi Kvg
I cew ZvwoZ nq wgwjZ nIqv, weQvbvq hvIqv I GKevm wbwl) gvZveK b_
Kvivwjbvi GKRb wePviK mcwZ ivq w`qQb h, AweevwnZ RywUì AvUK Kiv DwPZ
Ges GiKg gvqì mvb jvjb-cvjbi AwaKvi Ko bIqv ìKvi| Av`vjZ GB
wmv cuQQ h, weq bv KiI GKRb cyili mv_ GKevm Ki h ewfPvi-Kg
gvZvwU KiQ Zv mvbi KjvYi Rb AwbKi| (evb Mve, 19k AvM 2001)
2003 mvji deqvwii evb Mve RvbvQ, ivRjvi KjvY-Znweji GKUv
Ask weq-cieZx-KgKv, cUi mvbi evevK weq Kivi Rb mvbmev gqì
civPYv Ìqvi KvR Case Worker-ì Drmvn Ìqv, weevn-ebnxb mvb Rbi
nvi Kgvbvi Dci wfw Ki ivRi mvdj-wePvi Ges nvBzj weqi iZ wkv
Ìqv BZvw` KvR eq Kivi evcvi `yB `jiB mwZ AvQ|
IKjvnvgvq gi 5 ZvwiLK weevn-iv wèm (Save Your Marriage Day) bvg
Ìqv nqQ| weq-msv gYvi Rb KjvY-Znwej eiv Ìqv nqQ 10 wgwjqb
Wjvi; `yBRb weevn-`~Z ev gviR Av^vmvWvi fvov Kiv nqQ UK-kv I zjjvZ
nvwRiv Ìqvi Rb| evM`v RywU I beweevwnZ `wZì AvLvwqZ Kiv nqQ ivcvwlZ weevn-gYv`vZv I bwZKZvi c_-c`kK (state sponsored councelling
and spiritual guidance) (evb Mve, 11B gvP 2001)
wb`vl weQ` Abygv`b Ki bv GiKg c_vwm weq KD hw` ^Qvq KiZ Pvq
Zvnj KiZ cvie GiKg GKwU bZzb wej cvk nqQ jyBwRqvbv I AvwiRvbvq|
GKBiKg wej Avbv nqQ Ab KzwowU ivRI| GZ weQ` Kej ZLbB Abygvw`Z
ne hLb `wZì GKRb cgvY KiZ cvie h, AciRb ewfPvi wj, dR`vwi
Aciva mvRvcv, kvixwiKfve ev hbfve AcgvbRbK ev GKeQi ai Ni Qvov|
Gevi Avmj K_vq Avmv hvK Avgiv Kxfve mK wbgvY Kie ev cwievi MVb
Kie m mK ivi f~wgKv hLb wbqK ev wbqvgKi A_ev Ab K_vq
msvc`vbKvixi ZLb cMwZkxjì wKmi Rb msMvg Kiv DwPZ?
weq Kij ivxq, A_bwZK ev AbiKg Kvbv myweav cvIqv hve GUv nZ cvi
bv| Avgiv Kxfve, Kv` cwiwwZZ, Kvi mv_ mg Kie, mK Moe Ges cwievi
MVb Kie ev Av` Kie wK-bv GB welqjvi mv_ ivxq myweavcvwi mshvMm~ wQuo
wmbw_qv \ weq
98
Abyev`: ib&Rb
djZ ne| hgb, weevwnZ `wZì Rb Ki myweav, wekl Kvbv mvgvwRK wbivcv
eev _vKv, KvRi-wewbgq-KjvY Gi kvwg~jK wewa Gwoq hvIqvi myhvM BZvw`
_vKv, ev weqK vqx Kivi Rb ivi UvKv LiP Ki kjvcivgk-mfv Pvjvbv wVK bq|
mKi aib `xNvqx ne, bv ^vqx ne, GKMvgx ne, bv-wK eMvgx ne Zv
wbRì cQ`gZ wVK Ki bevi Rb mevBK mg_b Ìqvi ivv LuvRvB eis
cMwZkxjì KvR| GB KvR KiZ nj GUv wbwZ KiZ ne h, A_bwZK mvnvhi
viv jvKRb cfvweZ nQ bv| gqì Ggb Aevi ga ivLv wVK bq hvZ AwaKZi
wbivcvi Rb ev KjvYbxwZi kvw Govbvi Rb Zviv weq Kivi K_v fveZ eva nq|
weq Kivi Rb A_ mvnvh ev weQ`-weiZv _vKvI wVK bq| cMwZkxjì DwPZ Ggb
GKwU mvgvwRK wbivcvRvji Rb jovB Kiv hvi mv_ gvbyli ewMZ cQÀcQì Kvbv mK _vKe bv|
GB wbivcvi ga _vKe meRbxb wPwKrmvi eev, mvb ev cwievi jvjbKvix
m`mi Rb GKwU f` eiv hvZ cqvRbxq DcvRbi wbqZv _vK; _vK
cvwievwiK I wPwKrmv-QzwUi eev I Kgi wbivcv (Gjv ay bvh cvIbvB bq
eis Gjv cvwievwiK RxebK mymsnZ Ki _vK)| hgb, RxebaviYi Rb cqvRbxq
gRywi, Kg mnhvwMZvg~jK eev, AcvKZ Kg mvvwnK KvR, Ges BDwbqb
Kivi myweav| (`Lyb, The Womens Committee of 100/Project 2002 at www.welfare2002.org.)
AwaK, weqi gvag ivi Rb Ggb myhvM Zwi nIqv wVK bq hvZ m gvbylK
eyov-LvKv Ki ivLZ cvi| Avgvi ^vgx hw` Ab KviI Rb AvgvK Qo hvq Zvnj
mB Ab KvDK Avwg Avgvi mw Pzwii Rb `vl w`Z cvwi bv| Avi hv-B fvwe bv
Kb Avgvi ^vgxK Avwg myZvUvbv cyZzj fveZ cvwi bv|
GKBmv_ iviI DwPr bq cwZve weqi gZ wej wbq Avmv hv wekl iKgi
kZ Zwi Ki| GZ Ki miKvi wKQz wbw` iKgi weqK myweav-c`vb I KVvi
wewagvjv cYqb Kivi myhvM cvq| Lyb, alY, Pzwii wei AvBb _vKZ cvi; _vKZ
cvi wkì Rb msiwZ wbivcv-eev ev ndvRZ welqK wb`kbv Ges mK PzK
Mj mw fvMvfvwMi welqvwì wewa| wK `qi K_v hLb Avm ZLb AvBbK
AekB AvgvìK ^vaxb I mvefg gvbyl wnmve weePbv KiZ ne h gvbyl
Abì mv_ eb Zwi Ki, wmv wbZ Uvbvcvob fvM, KLbI KLbI `q
fvO, Avevi KLbI ev fvO Ni| eqiv Kxfve mK, cwievi ev mc`vqi ejq
XyKe Zv wbq AvBbi wKQzB ejvi _vKZ cvi bv|
Gi gvb GB bq h cwievi, mK Ges Zw`vqK hb-Rxeb mvgvwRK ev
mvswZK Kvbv cekbv _vKe bv| Abfve ejv hvq cMwZkxjì DwPZ zj ev Ab
Kv_vI evcKZi, KjvYKi, Ges eqmi mv_ mvgmc~Y hbwkvK mg_b Ìqv|
hbZv, hbve`b I gqì kixiK evRvwi cY wnmve eenvi iva Kivi Rb
Avgvì KvR Kiv ìKvi| Avgvì DwPZ GjvK gvbyli Awfew hgb mgZv,
AvKvv, hbvbyf~wZ, cviwiK hvMvhvM BZvwì BwZevPK w`K wnmve cv
wmbw_qv \ weq
99
Abyev`: ib&Rb
Ìqv| hbZvK gvbweK Awfew wnmve cwZwZ Kivi Rb mvgvwRK I mvswZK

`wfwi eenvi QvovI Avgvì G c_I LuvRv DwPZ hv w`q hbZvK `vqeZv,
wbRi kixi mK aviYv Zwi, ^v I MfaviY mwKZ welqvw` mK
IqvwKenvj _vKv BZvwì mv_ hy Kiv hvq Ges Zv Kiv hvq Rxebi j, Dxcbv,
cqvRb, mxgveZv BZvwì mv_ hvMm~ iL|
cwievi I mK wUwKq ivLevi c_ LuyR ei Kivi Rb cMwZkxjì DwPZ
mvgvwRK I mvswZK mshvM-mZyjvi DbwZ Kiv| ej-cqvM Ki ev Pvwcq-w`q
bq GB DbwZ KiZ ne BQ-AwbQjvi mv_, Pvjjvi mv_ Ges ewMZ
I mgwMZ gbyl-mgvR h A_c~Y f~wgKv Avgiv ivLZ cvwi Zvi mv_ mevBK cwiwPZ
Ki w`q| Avcbvi cQ`-AcQ`K cZ Kivbvi Rb I mjvi c GjvKvi
jvKRbì mg_b cvevi Rb weqi gZ mvgvwRK AbyvbjvZ Zvì `vIqvZ KivUv
mse`bkxj I KvRi nZ cvi; Ges Rxeb-hvcbi Dcv`vbjv wbRi gZ Ki cQ`
Ki bevi evcviUvK jvKRbi ga cwiwPZ I evaMg Ki Zzj GjvK MYwfw
èvi KvRi GKwU AskI nZ cvi Zv| wK Drme, cwiwPwZ wKsev welgKvgx
`wZK fKvgbv Rvbvbvi GB c_v ev` Ìqvi Kvbv gvb nq bv| gvbeRwgbi
wexY Aj Ryo _vKv ewMZ cQ`-AcQ`jvK cwiwPZ Ki Zvjv I mjvZ
mg_b Ìqvi ivv LuvRvB cMwZkxjì DwPZ|
Mfxi GKwU mK AbK iKg Pvji mv_ mv_ mnhvwMZv, wbqZv Ges
Avbì DrmI nZ cvi| GgbwK, AbKLvwb wbwZ A_bwZK myweavi Avkvmcv,
Rei`wg~jK AwZ-Av`wkK weevwnZ gvbylRbi msLv RbmsLvi wnme gv kZKiv
25 fvM| Ab K_vq, e welgKvgx RywUB weq KiQ bv Ges/ev Zvì weq wUKQ bv
GZme ea, mvswZK Ges A_bwZK LuywU _vKv mI| weqi Dci nvgj covi Pq
evanq GLbB mgq Ggb mvgvwRK cwZvb Ges Kkj Zwi Kiv hv gvbeRwgbi
GKevi wexY GjvKv Ryo Mfxi mK jvjb Kie Ges AbK ewk gvbyli Rb
mUvK myjf Ki Zzje| eei I fqi eMvgx MvRxeb hv Avgiv Quyo dj GmwQ
Zvi e`j weq-c_vi m~ ai GLb Avgvì gvbyl ejv hvq jv^Wv wjMvj wWd
Gv GWyKkb dv-Gi weq cK cwiPvjK Bfvb Dj&dmbi GB ee BwZevPK
Kvbv wKQzB bB eis GUv Ggb GKUv ee hv mK cMwZkxjì mZK _vKv
ìKvi| GUv mwZ h, BwZevPK w`K _K AbKB gb Kib `xNvqx mgKvgx mK
MnYhvM Ges welg-wji weqi gZvB ^v`vqK nIqvi mvebv Zvi iqQ| wK
bwZevPK w`K _K weq evcviwUi Dci GB h geagvb Rvi Ìqv, hvi dj weq
GKUv cwZvb wnmve Avgvì ewMZ Rxeb, kvevi Ni, Qj-gq bIqv, cQÀcQ` BZvwì mxgvbvi ga ivi bvK Mjvbvi c_ Zwi Ki `q, ZvK cwZnZ
Kivi Rb GUv wKQzB Ki bv| wKsev GwU KvgZvwoZ A-weq aibi eei I Mv
aviYvK Pvj Kivi gZ DbZZi Kvbv `vI `LvZ cviQ bv|
weq w`q gvbyli f`wePvi Kivi KvR AbK Zv njv, Avi KZ?
mgjwK weqi AwaKvi Av`vqi msMvgi Pq cMwZkxjì DwPZ Ggb GKwU
wmbw_qv \ weq
100
Abyev`: ib&Rb
mvgvwRK wbivcv ejqi Rb jovB Kiv hv, KD KvgZvwoZ nq hbKg KiQ bv

ewfPvi KiQ, mgjwK hbKg KiQ ev GKMvgx wK-bv GB me wbwekl mevBK
wbivcv è| Avi mKi Avgvì f~wgKvi mvswZK I mvgvwRK cKiYK
msvwqZ Kivi Rb Avgvì DwPZ evRvi I iv-cvwlZ cwiKbvi evBi GKwU
mvgvwRK RvqMvi Rb jovB Pvwjq hvIqv|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
wmbw_qv wcUvi&m& wdjv jLK I mv`K, Bromfield Street Educational Foundation-Gi cvUUvBg Kgx, Ges `yB mvbi dzjUvBg gv| gvZvwcZvi KvRKg, gvKwUs, bvixev`, eYev`, Avi wjxq
ivRbxwZ wbq jLvjwL Kib| BgBj-wVKvbv: cyn.peters@verizon.net|
Abyev`Ki cwiwPwZ
ib&Rb ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq BsiwR wefvM _K jLvcov kl Ki GKK D`vM evPvì GKUv zj
Pvjvb eovi wkeM bvg ^c-mvcvb| jLvjwL Kib| QvUKvMRi Kgx|
jLvi Drm
jLvwU Avgiv RWbU (http://www.zmag.org/sustainers/content/2001-09/11peters.htm) _K

wbqwQ|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU Kvi AuvKv Zv Dvi Kiv hvq wb| QwewU BUvibUi
Marriage is Good Work to Do bvgK GKwU IqemvBU _K bIqv nqQ: blogs.salon.com/
0001772/stories/2004/10/09/marriageIsGoodWorkToDo.html|
wmbw_qv \ weq
101
Abyev`: ib&Rb
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
Kvivwjb wiRj
h bvixì fvjv hvq bv

Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
hLb AvgvK Avgvi gYi AwfZvi wfwZ mviv `ywbqvi bvixì mK GKUv ce
wjLZ Abyiva Kiv nj, ZLb mwZ Avgvi A^w nwQj| ivvq AbK bvixi mv_ Avgvi
`Lv-mvvZ nqQ wVKB, wK Zvì ga gv KqKRbi RxebB Avwg kqvi
KiwQjvg| AbK bvixK Avwg ay `LBwQ, ev GKUz nmwQ, wK^v bvggv K_v ejwQ
Zvì mv_| GBUzKz w`q Avwg Zvì Abyf~wZ ev Aev m^ KvbvwKQy Rvwb ej
mrfve `vwe KiZ cvwi bv| wK wKQyYi gaB `Ljvg, Avwg mBme bvixì K_v
gb KiZ cviwQ, hvìK Avwg fyjZ cvwi wb KZKwj KviY nZ cvi Zvì
AvKlYxq Pwii KviYB, Kbbv Zviv wbweofve Avgvi n`qK QyuqwQj A_ev Avgvi
KvQi ez nq DVwQj| GB iPbvwU wK bvixì Rxeb ev Zvì Aev wbq Kvbv
MelYv ev weklY bq| GUv Avmj Avgvi AwfZv wbq jLv, hv Avwg wewfb RvqMvq
bvixì mv_ kqvi KiwQ, Avi hv Zviv iL MQ Avgvi `q Avi wZZ!
h bvixiv ^c `L ...
nvw`Rv GK ZiY bvix| m ZvjvKcv bvBRvi (cwg AvwdKv) GUv GKUv AmvaviY
cwiwwZ| Avb` Avi ^c fiv GB bvixi A_bwZK Aev Zvi cvkvKK g~jevbfve
gyo iLwQj| GK mgq m Zvi mvbmwZ I cwieviK ZvM Ki Zvi mgvR _K
`~i hvq KvR LuvRvi Rb| m Zvi ^vaxbZv ARbi Ges Zvi Avi Zvi evPvì Rb
AviI AwaK wKQy wdwiq Avbvi wmv bq| wmvUv KwVb, hwÌ kl ch Zvi gv
mUv gb bq| nvw`Rvi cwiKbv wQj my`vb Zvi GK gvgvi mv_ `Lv Kiv, Zvi evwo
_K `yB nvRvi gvBj c~e w`K| mLvbKvi KvRi cwiek GLvbKvi Pq fvj weePbv
Kiv nZ ...| wK GiKg GKUv mdi `xN, SzUSvgjv Zv hLb ZLb! Zvi mv_ hLb
Avgvi `Lv nj, m evwo wdi hvwQj, Avi AekB, Zvi j c~iY nq wb| bvBRvi
Avgvì wdi hvIqvi c_, kv`-Gi cwg w`Ki gif~wgZ Avgiv Aviv Nwb nB|
UvKi nvii mv_ Zvi gvmyg fvjevmv, GK`v evwoZ Zvi ^vgxi m Avgv`-Avnv`,
^vaxbZv Avi fvjevmvi ^c `L hvIqv, Avi Avgvi mdi I ^vaxbZvq wewZ nIqv
[Gmei ga w`q] Avwg hb Ui cvwQjvg m Zvi Avb`, D`g Avi AvjmK wVK
wVKfve ai iLwQj, Avi md Aviv GwMq hvIqvi Rb iwW nwQj|
Kvivwjb \ h bvixì ...
103
Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
Bwibv wevbx| eKvj-n` (mvBewiqv, ivwkqv) m Zvi MelYvq wbew`Z-cvY

wQj| Avi wjIDRvB GK ZiY weevwnZ bvix| KzBqgvZ (wRswRqvg, Pxbi
cwgvj) m BsiwRi wkK| GB `yB bvix ARb KiwQj Zvì Rxeb Avi ^vaxbZv|
`yRbB evcK AvMn `wLqwQj GgbwK cksmv KiwQj Avgvi mdi Avi (Zvì fvlvq)
Avgvi mvnm wbq| Gjv hb Zvì Ame ^c Avi eveZviB GKcKvi ARb|
cg-fvjevmvi ^cB `LyK wKsev ^vaxbZv, AvWfvi Avi RMZ Avwevii ^cB
`LyK, cvq me`vB G bvixiv Zvì KZe Avi Zvì eveZvi mxgv mK IqvwKenvj
wQj| mgvR, Avw_K mxgveZv, wfmv cvIqvi mgmv, cwievi ... eveZvi KZiKg
mxgv| cg-fvjevmvi ^c meZ wUwfi cfve: hgbUv Avwg `LwQ me, Rj aK
gif~wg ch, GZ GZ gq wUwf-wmwiqvji ga Wye AvQ, hb cZKw`b mv
mvZUv evRe Avi Rxeb _g hve wg_v-wg_v cg-fvjevmv `Lvi Rb| hv Ame ej
Zviv gb KiQ ZviB Rb bvixiv bvwjk Ki ev KvbvKvwU Ki myL cvQ mwZ K_v
ejZ Mj, GiKg Avwg KLbv `wLwb| (GKUvB gv ewZg `LwQ ivwkqvZ GK
gqK| KLbv KLbv Avwg fvwe, m Awfbx nj bv Kb!)
hviv hYv fvM KiwQj ...

Kvbv Kvbv Rxeb Abì Pq mnR| Ges Kvbv Kvbv bvixi AZxZ Abì Pq
fvix| Avcwb aiB wbZ cvib h, Dby Z _vKe Zvì| wK Zvì ewkifvMiB
wQj AwekvmiKg cvYkw, fvjevmv Avi gbi Rvi| ZvB w`q hZUv cvi Zviv Zvì
msmviK myLi ivRZ cwiYZ KiZ mg nqwQj| ^c Avi ewMZ hYv Zvì
gbvfveK KLbvB cwiPvwjZ Ki wb, Zvì KvRKI cfvweZ Ki wb _K wMqQ
Zvì `qi Mfxi |
fviZi Ry-Kvkxii [GKUv GjvKv] Rb&vi-Gi e-Mvg UzswiZ Uvwki mv_
weq nqwQj `vjgvi| weqi c_g AvU eQi Uvwk Zvi xK MnY Ki wb, fvjevmwb|
`vjgv KLbv AwfhvM Ki wb, jovBI Ki wb| wK m Zvi Ni Avi msmvi `Lfvj
Ki MQ hZw`b bv Uvwk eySZ ciQ h, Zvi ìKvwi me wKQy Zvi NiB wQj! cii
Qq eQii ga Zviv cuvPUv mvb wbqwQj Ges mB _K `vjgv wekvgnxbfve Zvi
KvR KiQ GKB iKgi Avb` Avi cvY-kw wbq|
cv`yg-Gi (Ry I Kvkxii Rb&vi-Gi cavb ivRavbx) gymwjg bvix RvevB`v Zvi
weq cZvLvb KiwQj Ges Gi cwZev` m GK mvn LvIqv-`vIqv e KiwQj| wK
G welq Zvi evevi wmv wQj AcwieZbxq| weqi ci _K RvevB`v mvZ mvbi
Rb w`qQ (`yB mvb Rbi wVK ciB gi MQ)| m Pvwn`vceY, cvMjvU Avi Ajm
^vgxi Ges ^v_ci, RvZ mr-gvqi Aaxb wQj| RvevB`v Zvi Awdm I evmvq KvR
Ki Ges KvRi m Kviv mvnvh cvq bvggv| mKji Rb m KvR Ki KLbv
wbRi Rb wKQy Ki bv| Zvì evmvq h we`kx AwZw_ _vK Zvi PvL ^ZtzZ
KZzKceY Avi mxgvnxb D`viZvq fiv RvevB`vK LyeB mywL `Lvq| GKRb fvj
104
Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
GKRb gymwjg bvix wnmve (Ges mRb m MweZI eU), RvevB`v md Zvi meP
fvjvUv w`Z Pv Ki| wK GKRb Nwb ez wnmve [Avwg Rvwb], Zvi `q fwZ Z
Avi AkRj gvSmvR hv Mwoq cov ìKvi|
RywjqU _vK wjwewfwjZ (Mveb-Gi ivRavbx, ga AvwdKv)| m ZvjvKcv wQj
I GKvB Zvi evPvì cwZcvjb KiZv| cvq Pwjk Gm wbRi wkKZvi PvKwiZ
c`vbwZi Rb Avevi m covkvbv i Ki| Zx KZzKeva, kw Avi Cki-fw
wbq m Zvi mevP KiZI Pv Ki| wK Zvi D`viZv Avi Zvi mq cvqkB AcPq
KiZv Zvi wekvj cwievii m`miv| K`xq AvwdKvZ GUv Lye mvaviY NUbv!
Gme bvixiv hy KiQ kwgv, Pwi Avi D`viZv hjv GKmv_ wgj
AvZZvMi KvQvKvwQ| bvixì cwievi I mgvR KZK GKRb evR gv, evR x ev evR
bvix wnmve weewPZ nIqvi fq Avi Zvì agxq wekvmi cfve Zvì `wfxK I
webv cwZev` me wKQy gb bqvK KVvifve cwiPvwjZ Ki hUv AbK cwgv bvix
KLbv Kivi aZv ch `Lve bv!
KZZcivqY ...
Avgvi Aek Aviv wKQy bvixi mv_ `Lv nqwQj hviv wbRì evwoZ Kov AvwacZ
eRvq ivL| mLvb KvR fvMvfvwM Ki `qv nq Ges mvbI AvQ| wK hKvbv
m`mKB evwoZ GB `p I KZZcivqY gvqi Av`k b PjZ nq hLvb gvK gb
nq hb Zvi wbRi AvBb Abì Ici Pvwcq w`Qb| wK, hLvb cvZvbv weq
BZvgaB bvB nq MQ Ggb mgvR G aibi `kgvjv cQ`-Ki Kiv weqi myweav
ej gb nZ cvi| mbvZb mgvRi , hLvb GLbI ch evevgvqivB mvbì
evcvi wmv MnY Ki mLvb bvixiv Kejgv GKRb cyilKB weq Ki bv
cyilwUi cyiv cwieviKI weq Ki| bvixì KZZ GLvb Aviv wbqwZ gb nq| Zvi
gvb GB bq h, Zvì ejvi gZ K_v bB ev Zviv Kvbv wmv wbZ cvi bv ev Zviv
Kvbv Avjvc-AvjvPbv Ki bv ev Zvì K_v KD kvb bv| wngvjqi eì ga
ev c-Gi hvhvei Rxeb hgb, Avwg cvqkB GB aviYv cZvg h, mLvb bvixiv
AbK ewk `p, Avi mvaviYZ evwoi mvwbZ Dcv`vb, hwÌ Zvì cZKi f~wgKvB
Zvì ewMZ cQì Pq AbK ewk cwigvY mgvR I cyil KZK wbavwiZ|
mngqx
AwaKvsk vb, hLvb Avwg Avgvi Rxebi wKQy mgq KvwUqwQ, mLvb me`vB Avwg
GKRb mngqx I ` `v`xgvi mvvZ cqwQ whwb Avgvi `Lfvj KiQb| wZwb bvggv Zvi Mjv PovZb, big Ki nvmZb Ges gb nZ, wZwb Avgvì mevBK Zvi
wbRi mvbi gZ fvjevmb| Avgvi hv cqvRb gyL ejvi AvMB GB `v`xgvqiv
memgq RvbZb Ges weiwZnxb K_v ej Zviv KLbvB Zvì mgq b KiZb bv| GB
bvixì ah Avi AwfZv vb Ges fvimvgi cqvRbxq Dcv`vb| cyiliv hLb
105
Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
Mevw`cì LuyR AvbZ hvq ev KvR KiZ evBi hvq GB bvixivB h_vixwZ evwo-Ni
ev Zuvey `Lfvj Ki| Rb&vi-Gi Kzb jyb cvnvoi gvjxqvb-c Aji GiKg wKQy
bvixi K_v Avgvi weklfve gb co ...
civ mg_b, msnwZ ...

bvixì JrmyK, Avi msnwZ AvRvwZK| wK bvixiv Zvì cviwiK fvjevmvq hgb
i~p nZ cvi Zgwb wnsmyU nZ cvi Clv meB weivRgvb| Avwg hwÌ cwievijvi
ga ev Mvgjvi ga KLbvB G aibi Kvb iZc~Y mgmvi K_v wb wb hjv wKQy
gbvfxi KviY NUwQj dv hgbUv Avwg cZ KiwQ| ^Zfve _vKvi Pq
GKmv_ wgjwgk _vKvi cqvRb mvaviYZ AbK ewk kwkvjx e_Zv! wKQy KviY
Ges nZ cvi msnwZi mnRvZ ^vq, bvixiv meZ AbK ewk ^Zt~Zfve Ab
bvixì mgmvq GK AbK mvnvh Ki _vK| D`vnviYîc, AvwdKvi gvgv Zvi
k nvZ w`q Avgvi gv_v Zvi Kuva Zzj wbq AvgvK RvqMv Ki `q hLb bvBRvi
GKUv evm nVvr Ki Avwg WvqwiqvZ Avv nq `yej nq wMqwQjvg ev GKRb evOvwj
bvix, whwb Kvb mvP QvovB GKRb gvUievBK PvjKK Zvwoq w`qwQjb, h AvgvK
wei KiwQj|
gRvi evcvi nj, Avgvi hb-Rxeb wbq KD KD wK DrmyKB bv nIqvi aZv
`wLqwQj! Rbmg GKRb bvixi m AviKRb cyili Kvb kvixwiK msk ev
Avì-fvjvevmv `Lvbvi ejv hvq, GLbI ch GUv cwg-`kxq I bMiKw`K!
ZiY I AvMnx cRb ...

MZ mvq, bMiKvU Mvg (bcvji KvVgy- DcZKvq) gy Nii GK KvYvq coQ
hLvb Zvi bb` ZLb Mfxi Nyg| Nii KZe _K wbKwZ cj Aekl m Zvi
bvwms-G fwZi cixvq cywZ bqvi Rb gbvhvM w`Z cvi| Ggb bq h, gyi
cwievi Zvi covkvbvi welq mvnm `q bv| eis Zviv mevB ZvK mg_b Ki I Zvi
mvdj Kvgbv Ki| wK gy mvbi mv_ Mjv Povq Avi KvR Ki Ges wbRi cQ`K
wbRB ùvo Kivq| GgbwK m bvm wnmve KvR Kivi ^c `L| hLb, Avwg ZvK AsK
Avi c`v_wevb welq mvnvh KiZvg m KLbvB Kv nZv bv, nvwm ZvM KiZv bv|
weqKi AvMn I wbqgvbyewZZv DfqB Zvi kLvq I KvR Kivq _vKZv|
cv`yg (Rb&vi, fviZ) GKUv cwievii Pvi mvbi ga kwidv GKgv gq|
m zj hvq (11 Kvm) wK m evwoiB cqvRbxq Dcv`vb| fvjevmvq, mvb Avi myL
eo IVv kwidv Zvi Awebvkx nvwm wbq mKji Rb KvR Ki hwÌ Zvi wZb fvB-B
Zvi Pq AbK AbK ewk Ajm|
Avwg KLbvB mB Qv gqwUK fyje bv h Mvgi GKUv zji ìRvi KvQ
SzjwQj, hLvb Zvi fvB Avi Zvì eziv covkvbv KiwQj| Zvi gv Nii KvR Kvb
106
Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
mvnvh KiZv bv| m zj hZ cviZv bv, ZvK Zvi QvU fvB-evbì `L ivLZ
nZv| mvZ eQii gq njI m c~Yeq `wfxZ Zvi `vwqZcvjb Kivi fvb KiZv
Ges Zvi Ab h Kvbv fvBqi Pq AbK ewk weePK wQj m|
ZiY cRb wbwZfveB AvaywbK mgvR mK mPZb Ges Giv wewfb aibi
mswZ viv cfvweZ| Giv cgvY Ki , cwgv-mswZ _K Avmv A cfve ev
mbvZbi cwZ AvZmgcY Pig Kvbv wechq bq| wK GB me bvixiv wbwZfveB
cwievii ga Lvjv-gb eo DVQ| Giv cKwZi cwZ, gvbeZvi cwZ hgb mk
ZgbB mk ag I Zvì mswZi cwZI| Zviv fvjevmv Avi KvRi ga w`q eo
DVQ| wK bvixiv Zvì fvBì Pq AbK ewk KvR Kivi ga w`q eo DVQ|
KvRKg
hw` ai bqv nq h wKQy k KvR wbwZfveB cyili `vwqZi ga co, GUv cvqkB
NU Avi AbK ewk AvKvviI eU, Ges AvgvK AekB ^xKvi KiZ ne h, Avwg
bvixìK Zvì cyilmxi Zzjbvq AbK k KvR KiZ `LwQ| Mveb-G ev
Rb&vi-G gqì, c~Yeqì ev eqmx bvixì mvi, kvKmw, cvwYR Rvjvwb ev
Rji fvix evSv eq bqvi wP mnRB `Lv hvq| wK w`bi ejvq Avwg KLbvB
gvqìK GKmv_ em Kejgv LjZ, aygcvb KiZ Ges GK cvbvnvi KiZ
`wL wb| cyili KvQB KvR webv`b I Avbì welq wnmve MY nq _vK ...
AwaKvsk mgq, hLb bvixiv Kvb fvix kvixwiK KvR KiZv bv Kejgv myZv KvUv,
mjvB, ivbv, avqv, RwgZ RjmPi KvR KiZv, Kej ZLbB Zviv GKUz Avivg KiZ
cviZv ev ciii mv_ K_v ejZ cviZv| cwg AvwdKvi K`xq AjjvZ
cyiliv cvqkB MvQi bxP ev Qvì bxP GKmv_ emZv Avi K_v ejZv ... G aibi
vbjvK Awebvkx Avvi MvQ ejv nq _vK| Rb&vi-G cwievi ev Mvgi Drme
bvixiv myZv KvUvi KvR Pvwjq hvq hLvb cyiliv Zvm Lj! hwÌ mLvb KvR Avi
Avbì wefvRb wKQy wbqgKvbyb ev mbvZb aviv iqQ wK Kvb mvaviY wewaB
wbtkZfve eve bB| wKQy bvix Abì Pq wKQyUv ewk mvnvh cvq| Avi KlKmgvRi bvixì Pq hvhvei-Rxebi bvixiv AbK ewk Aemi I Avivgi gyn~Z cvq|
KiY AwfZv ...

hwÌ Avwg KLbv mwnsmZv cZ Kwi wb, wKQy M bwQ: bvixiv Zvì gvZvj, wnsm
^vgxi nvZ gvi LZ, hbmgi AaK c_B hviv alK nq DVZv ... wK Avwg me
mgq Dcjw KiZvg h, hLb Avwg GKwU cwievii mv_ _K Avivg cZvg bv,
mLvb ^vgx-xi gaI cKZ mcxwZ wQj bv| Zvì mK wbwZfveB evwoi
cwiekK cfvweZ Ki, Zvì mvbi `wfxK cfvweZ Ki ...
AekB cZK bvixi Rxeb Avjv`v Avjv`v M AvQ| mgvR, ag, HwZn AbKi
RxebB cfve dj, wK weklZ cwgv mswZi Divi cfve gb nQ hKvbv
107
Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
wKQyB me! Avgvi gY, Avgvi ^vaxbZv ev Avgvi AwfZvK cyiliv hw` mg_b KiI
_vK, Zviv wK AvgvK ejZv Avgvì `ki bvixiv GUv KiZ mg_ bq| Avwg
cvqkB Zvì K_vq gb gb fveZvg Avwg hw` Zvì bvixì GKRb nZvg, Zvì
ee GKB nZv!
Abw`K, cvqB Avwg GI Kbv KiZvg h, GKRb AvaywbK bvix iYkxj AvwdKv,
Mvq-Kwl Aj, wngvjqi cv``k, Avi c-Gi gZv cwiekwjZ wbRK Lvc
LvIqvZ cvie Kxfve: hLvb Lye ewk weK-cQ` bvB, A_P Zviv Zvì f~wgKv,
Zvì KvR, Zvì Aevi mv_ gvwbq PjQ GZ ewk cvYkw, AvZwbe`b, mijZv
Avi nvwm wbq ... Avgvì AvaywbK Avi eojvK-mgvR GiKgUv KiZ cviZ K? Avwg
GUvK mvnm ej WvwK ... Ges Avwg wbwZfveB Hmg bvixì kw, mvg_, m`h
Avi nvwmi cksmv Kwi| GUv Kejgv GKUv wZ bq, Zvi Pq AwaK wKQy GUv
webq, Avgvì cKwZi Rb kv, Avi AviI fvj wKQy Kivi mvnm-Gi cvV| Avi
weqKifve, GKRb AvaywbK ki-bvix cvqkB hLvb Mvp iOi ev GKiOv
KvcoPvci ci, mLvb GKUv iwOb kvwoi [AuvPji] evZvm Iovi `k ev meyR avbZi gvSLvb mecKvi jvj iOi mvwi PvLi Rb LuvwU Avbì, GKUv iwOb cw_ex,
cvY fiv GKUv `ywbqv ...
mî 2005
jLK Avi jLv cm
Rbm~ divmx Kvivwjb wiRj (Rb 1974) nvBWwjK KUvKkvb Bwwbqvi| cvwim, Avi Rvgvwbi
zUMvW wmwfj BwwbqvwiO covkvbv KiQb| gvZfvlv divmx Qvov BsiwR, Rvgvb, vwbk, ivkvb, Avi
Pxbv fvlv Rvbb| cvnvoi f| mB mv_ cvnvo-mswk hv wKQy: wwqs, gvDUwbqvwis, iK KvBw^s|
bcvj Avi Abc~Yvq UwKs KiQb 2000 mvj| ciZ wKQyw`b NyiQb 2001-G| gvS Mveb wQjb
GK eQi ckvi KvR, euva-Z`viwKZ| wgDwRwkqvb, KLbv KLbv bZwkx| KvwmK wMUvi evRvb| wKDevb
mvjmvi (GK aibi bvP) f| dUvMvwdI Kib, cwZUv mdi mUv evoQ| Aemi vqvk Avi wd
nwK Ljb| Kvivwjb GLb wekl GK cKi Aaxb wekvj mdi AvQb GKevi GKvKx:
UvmvBewiqvb Ub dv _K mvRv eKvj n` wMq bgQb 2004 mvji gvSvgvwS; mLvb _K
gvwjqvi Zcvii hvhvei Rxeb, Mvex gif~wg, cwg wngvjq Aji kxZ, fviZi Mv DcZKv, Avi
evsjv`ki elv cvi nq Avevi fviZ nq wZeZ nq gKs b`x ai _vBjvi evK mLvb _K
Rjc_ dv wdi hvIqv| 2005 mvji klw`K ivRkvnxZ `yB `dvq mvn `yqK Avgvì mv_ wQjb
wZwb| GKUv w`b bvUviI wQjb Avgvì ezì mv_| mB m~ GB jLv, P`veZxi Rb| Kvivwjbi
BgBj: caroline@baikal-bangkok.org|
Abyev`Ki cwiwPwZ
KiQb| KweZv I ce jLb| KveM: Luvqvoi gq| BgBj: chaka_66@yahoo.com|
Qwei Drm
wkivbvgi mv_i QwewU evsjv`ki GK bvixi| Kvivwjbi IqemvBU _K bIqv: www. baikalbangkok.org/en/gallery/album29/P1010455?newlang=en_US| QwewU KvivwjbiB Zvjv|
108
Abyev`: mywZv PeZx
bvRg mvjvg
BivK msNwUZ Aciva: GKUv

wkKoP~Z e
Abyev`: iwe iwdK
D Zvnv BivKi KzLvZ Avey MvivBe KvivMvii GKRb mveK bvix Kqw`| AvgwiKvi
`Lj`vi evwnbx ZvK 14B mî 2003-G MdZvi Ki Ges evKzev, wZKwiZ, Avey MvivBe
Ges ZmwdivZ nvi kb Kq` Ki ivL| Bmjvg-AbjvBb-Gi c _K bvRg mvjvg
Zvi GKwU mvvrKvi MnY Kib|
Avwg Avgvi Avmj bvg w`Z fq cvwQ, mvvZKvi wZwb ejb| Zvi wbRi kni
evKzevZ 14B mî 2003 ZvwiL ZvK MdZvi Kiv nq Ges Pvi gvm wewfb
KvivMvi AvUK _vKvi ci wZwb wbRK D Zvnv bvg cwiPq w`Z cQ` Kib| BivwK
miKvii GKRb AvBb Z`Kvix wnme KvR KiZb DP wkwZ I Pvi mvbi Rbbx
GB bvix| gvwKbxiv Kvb KviY QvovB AvgvK AvUK Ki| Zviv GUv Kiv _K weiZ
_vKZ Kx Kij?
MZ eQi 14B mî wZwb hLb wbR evmvq em wQjb, h_evwnbxi GKRb
`vfvlxi KvQ _K GKUv dvb cvb| ZvK ejv nqwQj Mfbi Awdmi wKQy gvwKbx
mbi m `Lv KiZ| Awekvmi m wZwb ejjb, wZwb AvgvK ejwQjb, Zviv
Pvq wKQy welq wgwjq `LZ Ges Zvi Rb gv cuvP wgwbU mgq ìKvi ne| wK hLb
Avwg mLvb cuQjvg gvwKbxiv Avgvq eua djjv Ges Avgvi gv_vq e`yK ZvK
Kij|
gvwKbx bZZi h_evwnbxi mbiv hvì AvUK KiZb Zvì AwaKvski AvUK
m^B Kvb mywbw` KviY ejv nZv bv| D ZvnvK KvbI welq `vlx mve Kiv
nq wb, ZvK AvUK Kiv mK GKUv KviYI Rvbvbv nq wb| hLb wZwb wRvmv Kijb
Kb ZvK AvUK Kiv nqQ, Zvi Di GKRb mb ejjb, Avgiv ZvgvK Bej
dvjvm wegvb eì wbq hvwQ, mLvb ZvgvK Avgiv KviY ejev wZwb ejjb|
Zvici ZvK LyeB Af`&fve GKwU mvgwiK hvb Zzj Mfbii Awdm wbq hvIqv nq|
mLvb cybivq Zvi `n Zjvwk Ki GKRb bvix mb AbK cyili mvgb, hv Zvi
mswZ I Bmjvgx g~jeva Abyhvqx LyeB AmvbRbK| Zvici Zviv Avgvi w`K Rvi
wPrKvi Ki, Rvi avv `q, GKwU cyivZb ev_ig AvUK ivL, Avgvi w`K GKwU
K^j Quyo `q Ges ìRv e Ki `q| ev_ig wQj PviwU e UqjU, hjv wQj
RxevYyfwZ, LyeB Mig Avi bvsiv| Zviv mLvb AvgvK evBk w`b AvUK ivL Ges
Kejgv GKeviB evBi wMq UqjU eenvii AbygwZ `qv nq Kbbv Avgvi mji
bvRg \ BivK Aciva
109
Abyev`: iwe iwdK
KvbUvB KvR KiwQj bv| hLb ZvK evBi wbq Avmv nq UqjU eenvii Rb ZvK
ejv nq cyil Kqw`ì mvgb Zv KiZ| GUv wQj GKUv Acgvb wZwb ejjb gSi
w`K ZvwKq| GB gvbnvwbKi ev_ig weiwZ I wKwbK _K `vIqvB cvIqvi ci ZvK
eva Kiv nq cyil Kqw`ì UqjUjv Zvì mvgbB cwivi KiZ Ges mB 22wU
w`b GKwU wbRb Qv ig hLvb PviwU bvsiv cwiZ UqjU wQj mLvb _vKZ|
wZwb evLv Kib: Avwg gSZ NygvZvg| igUv wQj bvsiv, LyeB Mig Avi Amn
`yMgq| Avwg Amy nq coZvg Ges AwaKvsk mgq ewg KiZvg| `yenvii mLvbB
kl nq wb| ZvK cvwb `qv nZ evBii GKwU evij _K hv wQj LyeB Mig| Zvi
AebwZkxj kvixwiK Aevi ìY ZvK AbKjv Zij-`vbv `qv nq, hv wQj bvsiv|
D Zvnv Zvi kvixwiK AmyZvi cvkvcvwk, evwoZ iL Avmv QvU `yB mvbi Rb
Mfxi `ywvq wKQy LZ cviZb bv Ges gk `yej nq cowQjb| wZwb Ku`
djjb Zvi GB nZvkvRbK cwiwwZ evLv Kivi mgq, Avgvi evi eQii Qj Ges
P eQii gq evwoZ wQj GKv| Ges Avgvi Kvb aviYvB wQj bv Zvì fvM Kx
NUQ| cv_wgKfve AvUK Kivi cvq wZb Pvi w`b ci, ZvK GKRb wgwjUvwi cywjk
Riv Ki, whwb wbRK GKRb gvKokv wnme cwiPq w`qwQj, Avi Zvi m wQj
GKRb jevwbR Abyev`K, bvg BRv|
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egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU myweLvZ Kj^xq wkx dvbv`v evZivi (1932) Abu
Ghraib wmwiRi| QwewU BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.zonaeuropa.com/20050413_2.htm|
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Ghraib wmwiRi| QwewU BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.zonaeuropa.com/20050413_2.htm|
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119
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120
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w`Z nq| BUvibU _K bIqv: www.nobeliefs.com/abuse.htm|
121
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124
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125

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126
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`qv Ki eBj wbZ kb Avmeb, Bci mvne ejjb| eBj nQ
cuvPk icx|
GB gyn~Z Avgvi nvZ cuvPk bB|
Avcwb bb, Avcbvi Rb Ab Avi KvDK eBj wbZ ne|
Avwg Avi KvDK hy KiZ PvB bv| hw` Avwg bv hvB Zvnj eBj evwZj nq
128
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
hve| Avwg BciK cUvZ Pv Kijvg| Avcwb AvgvK Mvi KiZ cvieb|
Gevi Bci mvne Zvi gRvR nvivjb bv| wZwb nvmjb Ges, kwnì w`K
ZvwKq, h wKbv `yBnvZ gv_v ai mvdvq em wQj, big î ejjb, `qv Ki m
Avmyb, ewk mgq jvMe bv|
wK eBji Kx ne? Avwg ejjvg, GKUy mnbxq Mjvq| nVvrB Avwg Avgvi
evKvi gZ eenvi AcZ eva KiwQjvg|
Avwg eBj Kie, gnwmb ejj|
wK Avgvi gqUvi zav cqQ, Ii AvqvUv bZzb, GKUv QvU gq|
Avcwb Avcbvi evPvK AvM LvBq wbZ cvib, Bci mvne ejjb|
AvQv, Zvnj Avcwb fZi Avmyb, gnwmb cywjk KgKZvK fZi Avbjb|
Bci mvne kwnì f nq Mjb Ges Zvi mv_ Ggb M Ryo w`jb h kwnì
gRvR fvjv nq Mj|`
kwn`, gnmxb Ges Avwg GK gwnjv cywjk kb Mjvg|
mejv dg mB Kivi ci Avwg RvbZ PvBjvg, ewìv Kv_vq?
Avcwb `LZ Pvb?
AekB|
Mivì cQb GKUv Ack RvqMvq AvuKveuvKv kvwqZ KqKUv gvbyl `LvZ
AvgvK wbq hvIqv njv|
Giv ew` bq, Giv Avmvgx, Gì AvMvgxKvj Av`vjZ bqv ne| Bci
mvne evLv Kijb|
Avi Zvì Aciva Kx?
SMov evavbv, `vv evavbv, cKUgviv, gvZvj Aevq Mvjgvj Kiv|
Gì kvw Kx ne?
Rwigvbv ev KqKw`b Rj|
Ggb mv`vgvUv Avmvgxì `kb nZvk njvg| GKRb ev `yRb WvKvZ Ges Lybx nj
AviI RgRgvU nZ|
AvgvK Avcwb Kv_vq ivLZb? Avwg RvbZ PvBjvg|
GLvb gwnjvì Rb Kvb eev bvB, Avgiv gqì MvUivW ev wgZvvjvq
wbq hvB|
Avgiv evwo divi ci kwn` Avi gnmxb Avgvi mv_ fxlY SMov Kij| Ges kwn`
mvivivZ SMov KiZB _vKj| Avgiv cvq weevn weQì KvQ cuQ MwQjvg| Avwg
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Kv_vI Pj hve Ges m Zvi cuvPk iwc nvive, wK kwn`K kv Kiv Mj bv| m GB
aibi gvgjvi KviY h Amvb Ges Aghv`vZ coZ ne Zv mn KiZ cviwQj bv|
Zvi evev-gv Ges Zvi eofvB wK fveeb hLb Zviv beb h Kx NUQ|
ccwKvq Lei cKvwkZ nevi ci Avgvi kii KvQ _K GKwU AZ fvivv
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129
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
wKQy jLv DwPZ hb ciKvj ingZ ewlZ nq| GKUv gvgjv ZvI Avevi AkxjZvi
`vq Avgiv mevB fxlY wPvhy AvwQ, Avjvn& Avgvì mKjK `qv Kib|
gvUvi KvQ _K GKUv dvb RvbZ cijvg h mI AkxjZvi `vq Awfhy Ges
Zvi gvgjvwUI GKB w`b GKB KvU djv nqQ| Aw`b ci m Avi mvwdqv Pj
Gj| gvUvK fxlY cdzj `LvwQj, hb ZvK wfwiqv m cyiZ Kiv nqQ|
AbyZvc Avgvi gbUv fvix nqwQj, wK evBi Avwg mvnmx wQjvg| hvnvK, kwn` gvUvi
mv_ K_v ej LvwbKUv ^w cj Ges AvwgI Zvi mv_ ^w cjvg| Avgvi AbK DwM
jvMwQj, wK gvUvi DQvm Avgvi mg fq nvIqv nq Mj|
gvUv mvne, `qv Ki _vgb Gevi, mvwdqv bvfvm Mjvq ejj|
Gici welc~Y wPwVjv AvmZ jvMj| ay AvgvK bq cyiv cwieviK Dk Ki
knx` Ges Avgvi `ygvmi Kbv mvb hvi Rbmsev` Leii Kv_vI cKvwkZ wQj
Acgvbjv Ggb Ame Ges Aghv`vKi wQj h hw` mjv Kvb gZ`ni mvgb
DPviY Kiv nZ mwU Rxeb wdi cZ Ges ùo jvMvZ|
ejvKB mvnm `Lvq wK Zviv giv Bu`yi `L mvbB fq cvq| Avwg wcwQj
kvgyK, wUKwUwK, iPvlv, wMiwMwU fq cvB| Avwg Avgvi wPwVcjvKI fq
cvwQjvg| Avgvi gb nqQ jdvdvjv fi AvQ mvc, KvuKov Avi `Z| DrKv
wbq Kvb GKUv wPwV LyjZvg Avwg, Ges hw` DuwK w`q `LZvg mvc Avi KuvKov Avwg
`Z wPwVUv co djZvg Ges IUvK cywoq djZvg| wK hw` GBme wPwVi Kvb
GKUv kwnì nvZ coZ Avgiv Avevi weevn-weQ` wbq K_v ejZvg|
wPwVjvi mv_ mv_ wQj cwKvi ce, Ges ewMZ RgvqZjvZ AvjvPbv
hjv Avgvi gZ fvejknxbi cB ei`v Kiv me| Avwg Kvb wKQyiB Kvb
cwZwqv Kwi bvB| Avwg Avgvi Aciva ^xKvi KiZI bvivR wQjvg bv| Avgvi Aciva
Avwg ^xKvi KiwQ| gvUv wQj GKgv ew whwb Avgvi GB KvZi AvPiY zY wQjb|
Avwg ^weivax wQjvg| wK m AvgvK mg_b KiQ| Avgvì mKj ez, kwnì Ges
Avgvi, GB NUbvq Kvb gbvhvM `q wb| hw` Avwg fyj bv Kwi, Avgvi gb nq
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wZivi Kijb bv, AwfhyI Kijb bv, Ges Zvì AvPiY h_vc~es wQj|
MwU hLb Avwg wjwL ZLb Avwg Avgvi fvBì mv_ _vKZvg| ivZi ejv MUv wjL
kl Kijvg, Ges ciw`b Avgvi fvweK co kvbvjvg| m ej wb h, GUv GKUv bvsiv
M, wK m Gi ga Kw`q PwiwUK aiZ ciwQj| Gici MwU Avwg Avgvi P
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hy Kib Avgvi MmgM hwU wZwb cKvk KiZ hvwQjb| jc 1942 mvj c_g
cKvwkZ nq, GwU wQj ZLb hLb Avgvi Avi kwnì ezzZ weevn-wmv MwoqwQj|
130
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
kwn` MwU cowQj Ges GUv wbq Zvi bv-cmw` e KiwQj, hvi ci Avgvì ga
GKUv ePmv nq| wK wjnvdi Dci AvgY ev^ ch ZLbI cuQvq wb| Avwg Kej
mvwK Ges Av`ve-B-jwZdi Kwc cqwQ| Awekvm Kivi gZ kwnì A KviYB iBj
Ges Avgiv weq Kijvg|
1944 Gi wWmî Avwg nvBKvU nvwRiv èvi mgb cjvg| mKjB ejjb
KvivMvievmi Kvb mvebv bB Ges ay RwigvbvZB AvgvK Qo `qv ne| DQvwmZ
nq jvnvi gYi Rb Mig Kvco Rov KiZ jvMjvg Avwg|
mxgv ZLb Lye QvU, `yej Ges Zviî Kuv`Z| wk wekl Avk Kijb h m
m~Y my Ges ay GKUv ZwR Mjvi AvIqvR cqQ| wK AvenvIqvi nVvr e`j Ges
jvnvii Vvv mn KiZ cvie bv Rb, Avwg ZvK AvjxMo myjZvbv Rvdwii gvqi
evwoZ iL Mjvg| w`wj _K kwn` Avng` `njvwf Avgvi mv_ Gjb|
AbywjwcKviI Avgvì m wQjb, hnZz ZvKI Avmvwg mve Kiv nqwQj| gvgjv
`vqi Kiv nqQ MmgMwUi wei hwU kwn`-Avng`-`njvwf cKvk KiwQjb,
Av`ve-B-jwZd cwKvwUi wei bq|
kb Avgvì wbZ myjZvbv wQj| m mgq m jvnvi eZvi-K` KvR KiZ
Ges _vKZ jvKgvb mvnei evsjvZ, GKUv ivRKxq Lvjvgjv RvqMv| Iui x Ges
evPviv Ii xi evev-gvi evwoZ eovZ wMqQ ZvB cyiv evwoi `Lj Avgvì wQj|
gvUv Gj ci, Ges `Z Avgiv GKUvi ci GKUv mseabv cvwQjvg|
AvgYKvixì AwaKvskB wQj gvUvi ez| wK AvgvK Zviv AvgY RvbvZb KviY
Avgvi gZ AyZ, A^vfvweK cvYx `L Zviv KZynj eva KiZb| Av`vjZ Kvhgi
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bvg RvbZ PvBjb| Ges RvbZ PvBjb MwU Avwg wjLwQ wK bv| Avwg Avgvi Aciva
^xKvi Kijvg| evm, GBUzKzB!
Avwg eoB nZvk njvg| evwK mgqUv Avgvì DwKj GKUv ge ck Kijb, wK
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KvUvbvi D`vM wbjvg| gvUv, kwn` Ges Avwg GKUv Uvvq Pc emjvg Ges mvivw`b
Kbv-KvUv Kijvg| Avgiv Kvwkix Pvì Ges RyZv wKbjvg| gvUvi bvRyK, dmv c`hyMj
`L Avwg Clvw^Z nqwQjvg| wbRi Pvj m`k cv `L Avgvi cyivYi gq~ii gZ
AvnvRvwi KiZ BQv nwQj|
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fwiq Avgiv nuvUZB _vKjvg| ivvi GKcvk ùvwoq Avgiv fvRv gvQ Ljvg| KD
hLb nuvUZ _vK ZLb m KZ h LZ cvi! Avgiv GKUv nvUj XyKjvg Ges
Lv`ZvwjKvq hLb Avgiv nvgevMvi I nUWM `Ljvg Avgvì wRf Rj Gjv|
nvg evMvi nvg _vK, hUv nQ Kii gvsm, wK Avgiv nUWM LZ cvwi,
kwn` cve Kij| myZivs Cgvb`vi gymjgvbi gZ Avgiv Avgvì agxq wekvm AUzU
ivLjvg, Ges nUWM Ljvg| Kv`vnvwi Wvwjgi im cvb Kijvg|
131
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
ci Avgiv Ui cjvg h mv`viv LyeB ayii nq| nvg evMvi nvg _vK bv Ges
nUWM _vK Kii gvsmi mmR! IB me nUWM Lq hwÌ `yw`b cwiq MQ, nVvr
kwnì wekx jvMZ jvMj| Zvici GKRb gjfx mvne dZvqv w`jb h, hw` Zzwg
fyj Ki Kii gvsm LvI, mUv Aciva bq Ges ZviciB kwnì wekx jvMv _vgj|
wK hLb gvUv Ges kwn` mvejv GK gvZvj njv Zviv `yRbB h_ wmv
Gj h nvgevMvi gvUB wbivc` bq Ges mew`K w`qB nUWM nQ fvjv| GB ZK
AviI fqi w`K hvwQj, Ges cwikl wmv njv h Avgiv wKQy mgqi Rb `yUvB
LvIqv ev` è KviY KDB wbqZv w`Z cvi bv h KvbUvi ga Kx AvQ Ges
KvbUv nvjvj Ges KvbUv nvivg| ZvB wUv nQ me _K fvjv, Avgiv wmv wbjvg|
Avgiv AvbviKwjZ Nyijvg, kvwjgvi MvWb eovjvg, b~iRvnvbi mgvwa `Ljvg Ges
Zvici, Avjvni ingZ, AviI mseabv I wbgY cjvg|
GB mgqB ^ZZfve Avgvi gb _K eUbi ivRvi Rb cksmv evK ewiq
Gjv, KviY wZwb Avgvì wei GKwU gvgjv ck KiQb| Ges GBfve Avgvì
jvnvi GB DrmegyLi Kvj KvUvbvi myeY myhvM Ki w`qQb| KvU Avgvì wZxq
nvwRivi Rb Avgiv Aah nq Acv KiZ jvMjvg| Avgvì duvwm ne wKbv m
fvebv gv_vqB Gjv bv| hw` jvnvi Avgvì duvwm nq Avgvì knxì ghv`v `qv
ne Ges jvnvievmxiv Avgvì kehvv AbK RuvKRgKc~Yfve Kie|
1946 Gi `viY gvm bfî wZxq nvwRivi mgq coj| G mgq kwn` Zvi wdj wbq
e wQj| mxgvi Avqv LyeB ` nq DVQ Avi mxgvI GLb AbK ^vevb cvYe,
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gvgjv nvie?
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132
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
Avcwb AbK evbvb fyj Kib|

nv, Avwg Kwi| Avmj Avwg kxb Gi mv_ m wjq dwj, Rvqv`, h, Ges
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Avcwb ZLZxm jLb wb?
Avwg ZLZxm AbK wjwL Ges Gi Rb cvqB Svgjvq cwo, wK ...
Avmj hfve Avwg ay k gbvhvM `B Ges A_ Dcv Kwi, GKBfve
Avcwb hv ejQb ZvZ Avcwb GZUvB gM h Avcwb evbvbi w`K gbvhvM `b bv|
Avjvn AbywjwcKviì ingZ Kib, Zviv Avgvi mvb AUzU ivLyb, Avwg fvejvg
Ges welqUv ev` w`jvg|
kwn` mvne Ges Avwg Avmjvg mvnei gngvb wQjvg| Avgiv ciiK fvjvgZv
mvlY Rvbvbvi AvMB Avgvi jLvi h Kvq`vK wZwb Akxj `vwe KiwQjb ZvK
wb`v Ki, Avmjvg mvne AvgvK wZivi Kijb| Avwg z| kwn` mvne h_vmva
Pv Kijb AvgvK _vgvZ wK Avwg `Z ZK Rwoq cojvg|
Avi Avcbvi bvBUm Ad wmbm-G jLv bvsiv evKjv wK, hb wqvi Lywjqvg
eYbv Kej DRbv `qvi Rb?
Avgvi K_v wfb, Avwg GKRb cyil|
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Kx ejZ PvI Zzwg? z Ibvi gyL jvj nq MQ|
Avwg ejwQjvg h Cki AvcbvK cyil evwbqQ ZvZ Avgvi wKQy Kivi bB, Ges
m AvgvK bvix evwbqQ ZvZ Avcbvi Kivi wKQy bB| Avcwb hv wKQy wjLZ Pvb Zvi
Rb Avcwb AvgvK wRm Kib wb, bv Avwg Zv Riix weePbv Kwi h Avgvi
^vaxbfve jLvi Rb Avcbvi AbygwZi ìKvi AvQ|
Avcwb GKwU mv gymjgvb cwievii wkwZ gwnjv|
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Avcwb wK cyili mv_ mgZv Pvb?
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Pq ewk bî cZvg|
Avwg RvbZvg h Avwg Avgvi RbMZ SuvKUvK Avevi mq KiwQjvg RwUj Kvb
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gb nwQj wZwb Ku` djeb|
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133
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
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gb Avi Kjgi hvMvhvM Aivq nZ cvwi bv|
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GZ AcwZf `Lvj|
Avwg Pvwjq Mjvg| Avwg hLb Qjejvq Gme cowQ Avwg fZi eo avv
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we.G-Z Ges Avwevi Kijvg h GB me welq gvUB bvsiv bq| Gjv nQ eywgvb
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weci cvjv kl nj Avgiv kvwc~Yî Avjvc KiZ jvMjvg| Avmjvg mvne Vvv
njb| mKvji bvv Gj| Avgvì PviRbvi Rb GZ Lvevi wQj h ZvZ mnRB
cbiRb jvKK LvIqvbv hve| wZb ev Pvi aibi wWg mv`v,LwRbv Ges m, kvwg
Kveve Ges wKgv, ciUv Ges cyixi mv_ Uv, mv`v Ges nj` gvLb, `B Ges `ya, gay
Ges Kbv dj, wWgi nvjyqv, MvRii nvjyqv Ges mvnvbi nvjyqv wQj|
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bvBUm Ae wmb myZivs Gjv wbq Avwg DQwmZ c` ejZ Avi Kijvg| klch
wZwb gvbjb h Kvb Kvb , hbZvi Awfew eveZvi Rb cvV îc Ges
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Kivi cwieZ?
134
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
Avmjvg mvne dzum DVjb| kwn` mvneK fyi `Lvj|

Zvnj Avgvì AekB kvw cvIqv DwPZ, Avwg ejjvg|
GB h Avcwb Avevi Avcbvi GKivLv ZK Avi Kijb|
bv Avmjvg mvne, GUv wVK bq h Avgiv GKUv Aciva Ki, YxRbK wec_Mvgx
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KiZ cvi, Avwg gb _K ejwQ|
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gv?
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cuvPk iwc w`Zb bv nvRZevm _K AvgvK euvPvbvi Rb? nvRvi nvK, Avcwb
jvnvii abx-eMi GKRb|
Avcwb eo ewk K_v ejb|
Avgvi gvqiI GKB AwfhvM| wZwb ejZb, ZzB Lvwj cvwim wRf PvjvZ Avi
cU VuvmZ|
Rk iwmKZvwU wUK Mj Ges welqwU ev` `qv nj| wK A mgq bv hZB
wZwb Avevi gv PvBevi cm Uvbjb| Avgvi gb nwQj Zvi gv_vUv dvwUq `B Ges
AvgviUvI, wK wbRK wbqY Kijvg|
Ges wKQyB ejjvg bv|
Avwg Avmjvg mvnei kl K_vi cwZwqv Kijvg bv| Avwg Avgvi Ni Mjvg,
Avgvi wRwbmc MvQvjvg, myjZvbvK dvb Kijvg Ges ZvK AvmZ ejjvg Ges
Avgvì ZywY wbq hZ ejjvg, wb`k w`jvg h m hb AvgvK Rvi Ki wbq hvq|
Avwg ejjvg, hw` Avmjvg mvne ZvgvK evav `q, AvnZ nevi fvb Kie Ges mwZB
welY nq coe| myjZvbv ejj, nqQUv Kx? Avwg ILvb cuQ hve cuvPUvq Avgvi
KvR kl nevi mv_ mv_B|
ZZY GKUv wK `yUv Lyb nq hZ cvi | GzwY Gmv|
myjZvbv ìx bv Ki Pj Gj| wK Avmjvg mvne NvlYv w`jb h Avwg hZ
cvie bv| myjZvbv R` ai ejZB _vKj, Ges Avgvi mvgb Pjgvb bvUKwUZ Avwg
Avgvi weq wbqY KiZ cviwQjvg bv| nvwmZ KuvcZ KuvcZ Avwg cwikl
myjZvbvi mv_ ewiq Gjvg|
135
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
wbavwiZ w`b Avgiv Av`vjZ cuQjvg| AvRK DcwZ mvxì Avbv nqQ
gvUvi ey (`yM) Ges Avgvi jc `yUvB h Akxj Zv cgvYi Dk| Avgvi
AvBbRxex AvgvK mhZ evLv Kijb h hZYbv AvgvK mivmwi ck Kiv nq Avgvi
gyL Lvjv gvbv| wZwb ZvB ejeb hv Zvi mwVK gb nq| eyy Gi cvjv c_g Gj|
GB MwU wK Akxj? gvUvi AvBbRxex ejjb|
Rx, Ryi, mvx ejjb|
Kvb kwU BwZ w`Q h GwU Akxj?
mvx: eyK|
DwKj: gnvgvb Av`vjZ eyK kwU Akxj bq|
wePviK: mwVK|
DwKj: eyK kwU Akxj bq, Ze?
mvx: bv, wK GLvb GwU bvixi eyK wnmve eenvi Kiv nqQ|
AvPgKv gvUv jvwdq DVj|
hw` Avwg bvixi e`kK eyK bv ewj, Ze wK KvVev`vg eje?
Av`vjZ nvwmi ivj coj| gvUv wbRI nvmwQjb |
hw` Avmvwg Avevi GB aibi PUK`vi iwmKZv Kib Zvnj KvU-PvR ZvK
Awfhy Kiv ne A_ev Rwigvbv Kiv ne|
gvUvi DwKj Kvb Kvb hvMvhvM Kijb, GB K_v ej h Zvi wbRK wbqY
Kiv DwPZ, hvi ci m kv nj|
AvjvPbv Zvici PjZ jvMj, hvi ga mvx evisevi eyK kwUZB wdi
AvmwQjb|
hw` eyK kwU Akxj nq, Ze nuvUz ev KbyBI Akxj ne? gvUv RvbZ PvBj|
hZvme dvjZz! gvUv Avevi iM Mj| evKweZv PjZ jvMj|
KvU mw`b e nq Mj| ek KqKRbvB Avgvì ejwQjb wePviKi KvQ gv
PvBZ| Zviv GgbwK Avgvì nq Rwigvbv w`ZI cZ wQjb| BZvga AvBbx
cwqvi ZR AbKUv Kg GmQ, mvxì f~wgKvq hviv ILvb cgvY KiZ wQjb
h jc Akxj, ek wavw^Z Ges nZf^ wQj GB RvqMvq Gm| KD Ggb GKUv ki
K_v ejZ cvijb bv hUvZ mnRB duvwmq `qv hvq| gbvhvM w`q UU kl Kivi
ci GKRb f`jvK ejjb, h `k gqwU AvwkK (cwgK) msMn KiwQj mUv
Akxj|
Kvb kwU Akxj, DwKj RvbZ PvBjb, msMn bvwK AvwkK?
AvwkK kwU, mvx ^w wbq ejjb|
gnvgvb Av`vjZ, AvwkK kwU e weLvZ KweMY eenvi KiQb, Ges AbK
bv_ eeZ nqQ| GwU GKwU k hv avwgKi Rb GKUv wekl RvqMvi hvMvb `q|
wK bvixì AvwkK msMn fxlYfve Ah_v_, mvx `vwe Kijb |
Kb?
KviY ... KviY ... GB aibi AvPiY mv bvixì Rb h_v_ bq|
136
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
hviv mv bq Zvì Rb Ah_v_ bq?

Duny ... u ... bv|
Avgvi Avmvwg meZ mB mKj bvixì K_v DjL KiQb hviv mv bb|
Zvnj Avcbvi gZ Rbve A-mv bvixiv AvwkK msMn Kib?
nuv| GBme gqì Rb GB k DjL Kiv AkxjZv bq, wK mv cwievii
GKRb wkwZ bvixi Rb GBme bvixì wbq jLvjwL Kiv Zv wb`vi hvM? mvx
wewZ njb|
Zvnj `qv Ki hZ cvib wb`v Kib, wK GUv wK Avmvwg wnme Awfhy KiZ
h_?
gvgjvwU cwZZ nBj|
hw` Zywg gv PvI Zvnj Avgiv Zvgvi m~Y Rwigvbv w`q è Ges ... GKRb
jvK Gjb Ges Avgvi Kvb Kvb ejjb|
Zvnj, gvUv mvne, Avgiv wK gv PvBe? Avwg wRvm Kijvg gvUvK| h
UvKvUv cve Zv w`q Avgiv AbK KbvKvUv KiZ cvie|
dvjZz! gvUv eo PvL ZvKvj|
Avwg jvKwUi w`K ZvKvjvg Ges ejjvg, Avwg `ytwLZ, wK gvUv GKUv cvMj,
m ivwR ne bv|
wK hw` Avcwb, Avcwb GKvI ...
bv, Avwg Mxi î ejjvg, Avcwb Rvbb bv GB gvbylwU KZ wec`RbK| m
Avgvi e^ _vKvB gykwKj Ki wè| Avgvi GBLvb cvIqv mvRv Ii ivMi Ph eY
fvj ne|
gvgjvwU kl nq Mj Ges Avgiv Kvb mvRv cjvg bv|
fijvKì gyL co Mj|
wePviK mvne AvgvK Zvi ì wbq Mjb Ges AvwiKfve Awfb`b
Rvbvjb|
Avwg Avcbvi cvq me MB cowQ Ges mjv Akxj bq, Ggb wK jcI Akxj
bq| wK gvUvi jLvq cPzi bvsivwg AvQ|
wK cw_exUvB Zv AkxjZvq fiv, Avwg big î ejjvg|
wK mjvK Qwoq `qv wK Riix?
Qwoq w`j mjv `kgvb ne Ges cwiQbZvi cwqvq jvKi bRi `qvbv
hve|
wePviK mvne nvwmZ dU cojb|
gvgjvwUZ Avgiv f cojvg bv, GwU Avgvì Avbw`ZI Kiwb| mwZKvi A_
Avgiv welY nq cojvg KviY K Rvb Ke Avevi Avgiv jvnvi gYi myhvM cvev|
137
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL

jLKi cwiwPwZ
BmgZ PzMZvB D`y fvlvi cLvZ QvUMKvi| Zuvi DjLhvMmsLK Dcbvm I QvUMi msKjb iqQ|
1941 mvj GB ev`x jLK-Gi weLvZ M jc AkxjZvi `vq mB mgqi iv KZK wbwl nq
Ges Zvi wei Av`vjZ gvgjv Kiv nq| wZwb GUvK Pvj wnme wbqwQjb Ges kl ch gvgjvq
wRZwQjb|
Abyev`Ki cwiwPwZ
Avmwdqv jiL KvbvWvi BDwbfvwmwU Ad gvwbevUvZ mvswZK bwevb wbq GgG KiQb| BgBj:
asfiagulrukh@yahoo.com|
jLvi Drm
Zvwniv bvKwf-KZ BsiwR Abyev`K (Ismat Chugtai, My Friend My Enemy) mvgb iL Abyev`K
Zvi Abyev`KgwU PvwjqQb|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU BUvibUi GKwU Qwei Askwekl: ironmaiden.webvis.
net/images/Eddie/Eddie-Judge.jpg|
138
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
myymvb iv&j&
m`h Drcv`b
Abyev`: mwjg iRv wbDUb
gvbylx cwKvi cviwK bvU: D`vwiKiY-cieZx fviZ bZzb aibi bvix mwi GKUv RvqMv
wnmve Mo DVQ wgm-Bwqv-c`kbx| fviZxq dvkb, wmbgv Avi m`h-Bvwi bZeì
Zveavb wgm-Bwqv-cwZhvwMbxiv kLb Kgb Ki wjvwqZ cwiPq wbgvY KiZ nq|
`ywbqvRvov m`h-BvwZ fviZi Afyw GLvb UzK ivLQb mymvb iv&j&|
wgm-Bwqv 2003-Gi cwkY Avwg GKRb bwevbx wnmve DcwZ wQjvg| MelYv
Kiv Avi cwZhvwMbxì Rb ck jLvi gZv mvaviY me KgKv mnvqZv Ìqv wQj
Avgvi KvR| MvUv GB mgq Ryo evievi Avwg Avh nqwQ m`h-ivYxi mw Avi
wkwece _K Drcw-jvf-Kiv kixi msv Z GB `yBqi ga wgj `L| kixi
Ggb GKUv h hvi wewfb cvUm& givgZ Kiv hvq Ges e`jvbv hvq| kixiK GiKg
GKUv h wnmve weePbv Kivi GZUv hyrmB `v meZ Avi-KLbI wQj bv| Zzjbvg~jKfve mvaviY GK `j ZiY bvixi ga _K 26 RbK mve wgm-Bwqv evbvbvUv
`wLq `q Kvb A_ Wwfmi gZv cwZiv kixiK mvswZK cvwK bvg
WvKb| DcvcbUvB GLvb Rvii cZxK (Kathy Davis, 1995)|
m`h-c`kbx msv jLvjwL gbvwbek Ki g~jZ c`kbxUvi Dci| Gme
jLvjwL gvZveK, c`kbxUv nQ GKUv m ev RvqMv; GB mUzKzi Afi nq
ccyjvi KvjPvii (hgb Sarah Banet-Weiser 1999; AR Riverol 1992; Lovegrove
2002), bv-nq Zv MvjKvqbi (Colleen Cohen et al 1995) chvjvPbv Kiv nq
_vK| Avgvi ejvi K_v nj: ewkifvM bvixKB Zvì hvwcZ AwfZvi c_ m`hi
Gme gvbì mv_ Aek-AekB evSvcov KiZ nq GUzKz eySj mvswZK cc
wnmve Gme c`kbxi A_ evSvi g~jevb Ae`vb ivLv hZ| ay Zv-B bv, bvixi
AwfZvi mgM cwiwai ga wjvwqZ AwfZv ejZ Avmj Kx evSvq Zvi AviI ewk
cwivi GKUv Qwe cvIqvi Dcvq wnmveI GB eySUzKz g~jevb Ae`vb ivLZ|
ZiY bvixiv wgm-Bwqv-c`kbxZ XvK Zvì kixiK cyivcywi e`j djvi
AvkvZB ay bq, KqK gvm ci gwjKfve e`j-hvIqv gvbyl wnmve Avwef~Z nIqvi
RbI eU| cwkY-Kgm~wPZ c_g weklì, Avi Zvi ci wePviKì, GKfveZvwKq-_vKv `wi Aaxb GKKRb bvix wbw` wKQy Y-ewk meP ewk Ki Zzj
aiZ Pv Ki| msc ejZ Mj, Gjv nQ Ggbme Y, hv Lv` wgm-Bwqv
iv&j& \ m`h
139
Abyev`: wbDUb
bvgK aviYvUvi mv_ RwoZ| Gjv nQ mBme Y, hv wgm BDwbfvm ev wgm Iqvi
gZv AvRvwZK c`kbxjvZ fviZxq bvixZi P~ov PnvivUvK Av`kfve Zzj
aiZ cvi wgm-Bwqvi wbR^ fvl Abymvi|
1991 mvji A_bwZK D`vwiKiYi ci, wekl GKUv AvqvRbi m~ ai wgmBwqv-c`kbx Mo DVwQj| mB AvqvRbUvZ fviZxq UUvBjK c~Yv GKUv
wgwWqv-Abyvbi kvKmi fZi cyi nvwRi Kiv nqwQj| D`vwiKiY-cieZxKvj
dwgbv-gvMvwRb Avi wgm-Bwqv-c`kbxi meP DjLhvM cwieZbUv nQ,
RvZxq cwiPqi Dci _K dvKvmUv mi wMq ewMZ cwiPqi Dci cov| eZgvb
dwgbv-mv`K mZ kiYi eYbvq wgm-Bwqv-c`kbx nQ, gvMvwRbUvK GwMq
bIqvi Ges ZiY bvixìK Rxebi ga wbc Kivii GKUv Dcvq| GB eYbv
Ìqvi mgq ek PURjw`B wQjb wZwb| mwZB, wgm-Bwqv-c`kbxZ cwZ eQi wZb
Rb Ki weRwqbxK evQvB Kiv (hvì LZve wgm-BwqvIqv, wgm-BwqvBDwbfvm
Avi wgm-BwqvGwkqv cvwmwdK), Ges mywbw`fve GKKUv c`kbxi Rb ZvìK
cwkY Ìqv GUv ay D`vwiKiYi ciB NUj| Gici, cZK LZve-weRwqbx hvi
hvi wgm-Bwqv LZve Abymvi wbw` GKKUv AvRvwZK c`kbxZ cwZhvwMZv KiZ
hvq| Gjvi ga meP mvbRbK c`kbxUv nQ wgm-BDwbfvm|
wgm-Bwqv nIqvi cwqv i nq cwZ eQi AvM ev mî| ZLb dwgbv
gvMvwRb Zvì wbRì cvZvq Ges, mB mv_, Zvì Mci mePq iZc~Y cwKv
UvBgm Ad Bwqv-i cvZvq Gw dg Qvc| `ki mg RvqMv _K KqK nvRvi ZiY
bvix dg Rgv `b| mv_ `q Zvì wbRì dUv GKUv cyiv kixii, AviKUv nQ
gyLi GKUv KvRAvc| Gme dUvi wfwZ AviI mxwgZ msLK ZiY bvixK
c`kbxUvZ AskMnY KiZ WvKv nq, hw` Zvì DPZv 5 dzU 7 Bwi ewk Avi eqm
25-Gi wbP nIqvi gvcKvwVZ co| dwgbvi cKvkK Ges c`kbxUvi gvbRvi c`xc
n ZLb fviZi cavb cavb ki GjvKvq GKUv mdi ei nb| GB mdii mgq
wZwb `Lv Kib cZK AvMnx cwZhvwMbxi mv_| Dk nj, P~ov mB 26 Rb ZiY
bvixK evQvB Kiv hviv wgm-Bwqv gyKzUi Rb cwZhvwMZv Kieb| gRvi evcvi nj,
wZwb wVK KiB wbqwQjb h, wd-eQi dwgbv-i evQvB-Kiv ki K`jvZ ZiY
bvixì mv_ `Lv Kivi mgq wZwb aygv wgm-BwqvB LuyReb bv, ei GKRb wgm
BDwbfvm ev GKRb wgm IqvI LuyReb| AvgvK Ìqv mvvrKvi Zvi evwlK mvbKg eYbv Kivi mgq GK_v wZwb Rvbvb|
Z_vwc, wgm-Bwqv aviYvUv h aygv ki, mUv wK bZzb wKQy bv| ki fviZ
Avi cjx fviZi ga evcK mvswZK wefw weivRgvb| GB KviYB, hme ZiY
bvix eo kni evm Ki bv, jvBdvBji w`K _K H aibi wgwWqv-BgR Zvì
Avqi ga _vK bv, hgbUv Zvì ki cwZcì Avq _vK| Gi dj, c`xc
ni gZ, wek-g myìx wnmve wbRìK nvwRi KiZ Mj hiKg vb _vKv
jvM mUv Zvì _vK bv|
wecyj cwigvY ^vaxbZv cvIqv cUf~wg _K Avmv ZiY bvixì gaB cZxKi
iv&j& \ m`h
140
Abyev`: wbDUb
cyuwR ewkifvM `Lv hvq| AbK Avmb mvgwiK cwievi _K, jvBdvBji
w`KKvi mvewYK mPjZv hvìK c`xc ni eYbv gvZveK LyeB mKzjvi,
LyeB e`wkK Ges LyeB AvaywbK Avi gjvgkvi w`K w`q mvgvwRK Ki Zvj|
GUvB nj mB aibi `wfw hv AvwjK cwiPqi Dci wfw Ki bq, ei wbR
msv AviI weK`vwqZ aviYvi Dci wfw Ki ùvwoq _vK| AvRKi wgm-Bwqv he, GUv Zvi cZxKîc|
Lv` BfUvi AvM AvM, wgm-Bwqv-c`kbx GKUv 30 w`bi cwkY mwgbvi
AvqvRb Ki| GB GK gvm mgqi ga 26 Rb cwZhvwMbxK ivLv nq, cwkY Ìqv
nq Ges myìx evbvbv nq Ggb GKUv cwZvb, hLvb j GKUvB: GKRb wgm Iqv
ev wgm BDwbfvm evbvbv| cZK mKvj, GB 30 w`b hveZ, wgm-Bwqv cwZhvwMbxiv
w`b `yBevi Ki wdUbm Kvm nvwRiv `b, Avi mycwiwPZ WvqU-wekvi` Awj gyLvwRi
mieivn-Kiv me Lvevi Lvb| Avmj, GB c`kbxi cZKUv w`KB Mvgvi Bvwi
mePvBZ gki jvKRbK wbqvM Ìqv nq| Giv ìKvi me KvRKg Kib Ges
mme Kivi gvag c`kbxUvi Ggb GKUv BgR evwbq ZzjZ mvnvh Kib, hv Rxebi
PqI eo| hme ew ZvìK cwkY `b, Zvì mevB mg ki fviZ Pig
mycwiwPZ| Zvì mv_ `Lv-mvvZi myhvM c`kbxUvZ cwZhvwMZv-Kiv ZiY
bvixìK GKUv mvgvwRK bUIqvK Mo Zvjvi gIKv `q| Avi, GB bUIqvK
fwelZ ZvìK fviZi Mvgvi BvwZ Kvwiqvi evbvbvi AeKvk `q|
wdUbm Avi WvqUi Kgm~wPi evBi Aek gWwjs, dvkb Avi wmbgv-RMZi
DciI gvmevcx GB mwgbvi wecyjfve gbvwbek Ki| c`kbxUv kl nq hvIqvi
ci ewkifvM wgm-Bwqv cwZhvwMbx hnZz GBme RvqMvZB hLvb hvq, mnZz GUv
gvbvbmB eU h, GB w`KUvZB mwgbviUvi SuvK ewk|
NUbv nj, c`kbxUvZ hw` ay AfyI nZ cviv hvq, mUvB AbK ZiY bvixi
ejvq Rxeb-e`jvbv AwfZv wnmve KvR KiZ cvi| fviZxq dvkb, wmbgv Ges
m`h-Bvwi weklì Aaxb Giv GK Acii mv_ cwZhvwMZv Ki Ggb GKUv
cwqvq, c`xc n hvK ejb, evUvwj w`q Lv`vB Kivi KvR|
wgm-Iqvi Dcv`vbmg~n
gy^vB-kniZwji GKRb-KD
mxivq wfwRq ivLvi Rb dwgbv wgm-Bwqv-c`kbx
WvqUi mvivrmvi (Awj gyLvwRiUv hgb)
ng kxZj we`xi KvQ _K GKUv cvDWvi-bxj wgkY| wgwK gnZvi D`vi
cwiekb, ev ivgv ev-Gi KvQ _K evqvgi mkb|
ZK-wekl hgybv cvB-Gi KvQ _K ZKi hZ (Lvmv-Qvovbv LuvwUZ)
KZv`yi m`vPiYi hvwRKv mvweiv gvPi wgwn-wPKb `vbv-`vbv K_v
iv&j& \ m`h
141
Abyev`: wbDUb
h_vmgq evRviRvZKiYi Zvobv

wQwUq Ìqvi Rb mivf&w [GK aibi Kwg iZ nxivi gZv]
wewea civgk (HwQK) (UvBg&m& Ad Bwqv 27k wWmî 1996)
Icii iwmwc [ib-ei ZvwjKv] cwivi `wLq w`Q, cwZhvwMbx Lv` wbR wbwgZ
nb ePb-evPb-eqvb-wWmKvmi ga w`q, Ajxbfve| wgm-Iqv nq-IVvi
cwqvUvZ wZwb wbR Ae`vb ivLb mvgvbB| eis, GcvUivB nQb Avmj jvK
hviv gvU KvRi ewkifvMUv mv`b Kib| Lv`vB Ki Ki Zviv ZvK GKRb wgmIqv-Gi hiKg nIqv DwPZ miKg Av`k-eZ icvwiZ Ki djb| kniZwji
ZiY GKRb bvix Avi `wY ev^Z emevmKvix AwfRvZ-GwjU GcvUì ga
wecyj kYxwefw AvQ| c_g Dcv`vbUv A_vr gy^vB-kniZwji GKRb-KD (wVK
hfve GcvUiv K_vUvK ej _vKb) Avmj H kYxwefwiB GKUv evvZK DjL
gv|
GKevi wVKVvKfve ejZ Mj, G-c`kbxi wgm-Bwqv-cwZhvwMbxì c
mvgvwRK mPjZvi myhvMUv NU wK GB kYx-cv_Ki RbB| hgb 2003-Gi GK
cwZhvwMbx gwilv ejwQjb,
Zzwg hw` bv-I RZv, Zey Zzwg wKQy cvQ, myZivs GUv Kvbv AKvRi wRwbm bv| GZ GZ
hvMvhvM NUQ Zvgvi, GUv kl nZ nZ Zvgvi nvZ cbiUv Avjv`v Avjv`v weK _vKQ|
wmwiqvj, iv, hKvbv wKQy|
h-Kvq`vq cwkY-Kgm~wPjv mvgvwRK bUIqvK Zwii myhvM cwZhvwMbxìK

`q, gwilvi ee ZviB Bkviv| wgwWqvi AmsL GjvKvq XvKvi GKUv e`ve Ki
`q GB bUIqvK| mvgvwRK w`K w`q fviZ GZB Awekvmfve iweb h, ZiY
Kvbv bvixi c Ab Kvbvfve GiKg GKUv bUIqvK evbvbv mvaviYZ Ame, hw`
Zvi GwjU evKMvD bv _vK| Aek ay AbwfRvZ cwievi _KB bq, Dci-kYxi
cwievijv _KI cwZhvwMbxiv Avmb| cwkY-Kgm~wPZ md AskMnYUyKzI ZiY
bvixìK hme myweav `q Zv DjL Kivi ga w`q gwilv Avmj mvgvwRK
MwZkxjZvi cekc_ wnmve wgm-Bwqv-c`kbx hfve KvR Ki Zvi w`KB gbvhvM
AvKlY KiQb|
LvwZgvi mswZ GcvU wnmve weewPZìK cZKUv welqi Iv` wnmve Avmxb
Ki| Zvì g~j Kg _K i Ki hv hv w`q cZxKx cuywR MwVZ nq Zvi
mejvZB GB GcvUìK KZc wnmve ai bIqv nq| LvwZgvi mswZ nQ
cavbZ A_bwZK D`vwiKiYi djvdj| A_bwZK D`vwiKiY Ggb GK`j gvbyli
DeK ìKvwi Ki ZzjwQj, hviv AvRvwZK ceYZv Avi ki fviZxq cUf~wgi ga
ZRgvi KvR KiZ cviZb| meP DuPz gvci e`wkK-eRvwZK eweM wnmve
Avmxb GB GcvUiv wekl gvb-BZ cq _vKb| mUv GB c`kbxZI eU, Avevi
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Abyev`: wbDUb
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w`K w`q h, mjv we`k mwKZ `wY Gkxq wZK ejZ Mj e KiZ| fviZ
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GBme mkb eenvi KiZb cwZhvwMbxìK Avè-Kvq`v kLvbvi GKUv Dcvq
wnmve| Wv GqvijvB-Gi GKRb cwkK wnmve mvn wZbevi iKkvbv cvwim
Do hvb, Avi Zvi wbRi cwivi-cwiQbZv-zj Pvjvb, hvi bvg BgR BbKcviUW|
hZme bv-KiYxq
wbRì AvPiY Kxfve wVK KiZ nq m-evcvi cwZhvwMbxìK wZwb civgk
w`Zb wekl GKUv vBj| GB vBji ewk nQ bvbvb evM&avivi GKUv wmwiR|
wmwiRUv AviB nq GUv Zvgvi Kiv DwPZ Avi GUv Zzwg KLbv Kie bv w`q|
iKkvbv wbR Aek cwivi wQjb h, cwZhvwMbxì Rb Zvi UwbOUv wQj Pig
iZc~Y:
GB gqì Rb GUv iZc~Y, KviY Avgvì wbRì mswZ Gme wRwbm kLvq bv| Iiv
GUv wbZI cvi, djI w`Z cvi| wK Gi ci Iiv KUbxwZK Avi ivcavbì mv_
emZ cvie, Avi Rvbe Kx KiZ nq| mUvB iZc~Y|
ewkifvM ki fviZxqi KvQB hv we`kx, cwZhvwMbxìK mme AvèKvq`v

kLvbvi Ici iKkvbvi Rvi ÌqvUv c_g hwÌ nvmKi gb nwQj, wK GUv GKUv
wmwiqvm myi wbZ i Ki, Avi Avwg `LZ _vwK, cwZhvwMbxiv, aiv hvK, Qywi-PvgPKvUjvwi msv RwUjZvjv iY Kivi Rb msMvg KiQ|
wgm-Bwqv Avi Abvb AvRvwZK c`kbxZ hme ck Kiv nZ cvi mmei Di
Ìqvi gZvI cwZhvwMbxì Rb GKB iKg Riwi| ZiY bvixiv cwZw`b cvq 3
Nv ai ivi Pvicvk wNi Pqvi emZb, Avi KvwiIMvdvi ng we`x GKUv
gvBvdvb wbq ivi wVK mvgb GKUv Uwej emZb| Zviv hLb cki Di
Ìqvi cvKwUm KiZb (c`kbxUvi GKRb KbmvjUv wnmve Gme ck Avwg Zvì
Rb wjLwQjvg), ZLb Zvì Reve Kxfve AviI fvjvfve Ìqv hvq m-evcvi
we`x ZvìK civgk w`Zb| cwZhvwMbxiv hLb h_ PURjw` Reve w`Z cviZb
bv, wZwb ejZb,
hLb Zzwg wav Kij, Zzwg `wLq w`j h Zzwg wbwZ bv| GUv AvgvKI Zvgvi wbv mK
AwbwZ Ki djj|
iv&j& \ m`h
149
Abyev`: wbDUb
fyqv eywgv
KvK Zviv meP cQ` Ki, Ges MfcvZ Avi AeZvii gZv wewP welq mK Zvì
gZvgZ Kx, cfwZ cki Di cwZhvwMbxiv AivRbwZK I `kK-gRvbv Kvq`vq
Ìqvi Pv KiwQj| Avi Avwg ZLb `LwQjvg, Ggbme gZvgZ nvwRi Kiv KZ KwVb
hjvK bZ gb nq ^vaxb wPvkxj bvixi K_v, wK Avmj hv eeenvi RxY eywj
gv| cvqkB AwZkq fvjvfve cki Di w`Zb Ggb cwZhvwMbxi D`vniY wnmve
Kveixi bvg ejv hvq| meP cQì bvix wnmve wnjvix wKbi bvg ejwQjb Kveix:
KviY wZwb nQb cg, gZv Avi `pZvi Av`k, hwÌ Zuvi wQj GKUv `yhvMc~Y
ewMZ Rxeb|
ciKxqvq Avm ^vgxi mv_ weevwnZ _vKvi gvag myfve wcZZvwK
g~jevai cybiveZb NUvb whwb, GKRb ivjgWj wnmve mB wnjvix wKbi bvg
ejvi gvag ckUvi GKevi mwVK Di w`qwQjb Kveix (GB c`kbxUvi
cUf~wgZ)| wZwb bvg ejwQjb Ggb GKRb bvixi, whwb weqi KviY gZvi Ggb
GKUv Aevb AvQb hv mwZmwZ gwKg~jK bq| wZwb bvg ejwQjb Ggb GKRb
bvixi, whwb Zuvi weqK wUwKq ivLvi Rb AvZZvM KiQb| Kveixi GB Di Pig
myLx nq we`x ejwQjb, wnjvixi mgmvjv mK wmwdK bv-nIqvUvB Zuvi c
mwVK wQj|
wnjvix wKbi mgmv mK wmwdK nIqvUv g bwZevPKZvi GKUv Dcv`vb
wbq AvmZ| `kKi Rb Zv Avb``vqK nZ bv| cwZhvwMbxìK uwkqvi Ki Ìqv
nqwQj, ZvìK wRm-Kiv cki Di Ìqvi mgq Zviv hb Zvì mvi
cZKUv Ask LuywUq LuywUq `Lb Zvì K_v _K i Ki Zvì fw, Kv_vq Zviv
Zvì nvZ iLQb BZvw` me| kixii mvgb nvZ bv-ivLvi Rb we`x
cwZhvwMbxìK GB ej mZK KiwQjb h, kl wK `LZ gb ne Zzwg Zvgvi
Dimw ai iLQ| Avi, G-K_v fe Avwg Avh nwQjvg h, cZKUv KvRKgK
wNi m~Y LuywUq LuywUq GZme wPv Kiv GBme ZiY bvixiv Av` mvgjveb Kgb
Ki|
Zvì Lv` evKmg~ni MVb, mB mv_ Zvì îi cKwZI, cwZhvwMbxì
`wbK mkbi welq wnmve _vKZ| mvweiv gvP GKRb evKfw-KvP| Ggb GKUv
DPviY-fwZ wZwb K_v ejb, hv ewUk Qvc Avi gvwKb Afvmi GKUv mswgkY| ki
fviZ mvaviYZ GB wRwbmUv AwfRvZ wnmve wPwZ| Abvb RvqMvi gZv fviZI
DPviY-fw nQ kYxi GKUv cavb wP| Avi kYxi wP wnmve Kvbv GKUv DPviYfw Mo-IVvUv wgm Iqvi gZv m`h-c`kbxZ mvdji AZvewkK wnmve
wbwgZ nq ePb-evPb-eqvb-wWmKvmi ga w`q, Ajxbfve|
Abme GcvUi cvkvcvwk, ek K-Rb cvb wgm-Bwqv-weRwqbxK WvKv
nqwQj Kxfve wRZZ nq m-welq cwZhvwMbxìK ejvi Rb| Gme ZiY bvixi
w`K cwZhvwMbxiv meP evcK cwigvY gbvhvM w`Zb, Avi eZv nq hvIqvi ci
iv&j& \ m`h
150
Abyev`: wbDUb
cvqB Zviv Abyiva KiZb cvb weRwqbxì mv_ dUv Zvjvi Rb| Kgb Ki
wRZZ nq m-evcvi GK`g P~ov wekl wnmve weewPZ GB AvRvwZK c`kbxweRwqbxì Dc`k cwZhvwMbxiv GKevi Mj hZb|
1996 mvji wgm-Iqv hyv gyLx cyiv GB c`kbxUvZ KbmvjUv wnmve KvR
KiwQjb| Avi, cwZhvwMbxì wbRì Rb Ges c`kbxUvi Rb KZUv
cwigvY KvR Zvì Kiv DwPZ m-evcvi ZvìK Dc`k Ìqvi Rb wZwb `yB Nv
LiP KiwQjb:
KLbvB GUv h_ bq| Zvgvi wbRi mv_ wbRi Zzjbv Ki, Avi fvev: Avwg Gi PqI
fvjv KiZ cvwi| GLvb Zvgiv AvQ gv 26 Rb| Avi AvRvwZK c`kbxZ _vK 94 Rb|
wekvm KiZ _vK h, meki PqI Zzwg kqZi|
cwZhvwMbxì KvQ GKevi P~ov ivj gWj wnmve weewPZ hyv G-evcvi
cwivi wQjb h, AvRvwZK chvq GB cwZhvwMZvUv AviI KwVb ne| mviv c`kbxUv
Ryo Pjj KvR Avi ARbi GB K_vgvjv, hyvi gvag hvi mvcgvY nvwRi| ZK
dimv Kivi Rb Ilyaci AvKviB nvK, Avi evqvgi gvag ZvìK AviI
cvZjv Kivi AvKviB nvK, A_ev Zvì fviZxq DPviY-fwi K_vevZv Kgvbvi Kvm
AvKviB nvK ZiY bvixìK mvewYKfve Avi cQbfve Rvwbq Ìqv nZ h,
Zviv md h_ fvjv bb|
bvixK e evwbq Zvjv

Avwg ejZ PvB, GB c`kbx KZK bvixK P~ovfve e evwbq ZvjvUvK Avovj Kivi
myhvM Ki `q GB aibi K_vgvjv| meP eo K_v nj, hw` cZK mvivY hyw
`LvZ _vKb h, bvixi gZvqbB nQ Gi P~ov j, K_vUv ZLb mZ wnmve MnxZ
nq hvq| D`vwiKiY-cieZx fviZi Dc-Cki wnmve ki ccyjvi KvjPvi AwawZ
GcvUì AskMnY cRUvK AviKUz eaZv Ìqvi KvR Ki gv|
RZvi Pv evovbvi Rb Kxfve Zvì wbRì AviI Dbqb NUvbv hvq mB
Dc`k ZvìK Ìqv nqwQj wVKB, wK KLbvB h_ fvjv bv-nIqvi K_vgvjvB
AviI LvwbKUv mycwZwZ nq GB ^- eve NUbvq h, dvBbvj c`kbxZ gv 3 Rb
cwZhvwMbxB wRZeb| GcvUì cavb dvKvm wQj, ZB, GKUv AvRvwZK
c`kbx Kxfve wRZZ nq m-evcvi cwZhvwMbxìK Zwi Kiv Avi civgk Ìqv|
wK Zvi cvkvcvwk Kvwiqvi-mwKZ welqvw` wbqI ek KqKUv mkb bIqv nqwQj| Gfve, GgbwK h-ZiY bvixwU RZ wb ZvKI Ggb GKUv mvgvwRK bU-IqvK
mieivn Kiv nq, hv ZvìK wgwWqvi mv_ mswk KgjvZ XyKZ mvnvh Kie|
mvaviYZ wnw` wmbgvB wgm-Bwqv cwZhvwMbxì cieZx avc| Zey, cwiPvjK
KiY Rvni (gv 26 eQi eqmB whwb evcK mdj wmbgv Kvwf Lywk Kvwf Mg
evwbqwQjb) cwZhvwMbxìK civgk w`q ejwQjb h, wmbgvB Zvì GKgv
weK bv:
iv&j& \ m`h
151
Abyev`: wbDUb

Avwg Rvwb bv Zvgvì ga KZRb Awfbx nZ PvI| wK hw` Zvgiv Awfbq KiZ PvI,
wcR Awfbq Ki! GLvb GLb Abvb AviI 300 cvUdg AvQ| Avgvi `ytL jvM hLb `wL
GZ GZ myì gyL, Avi Zviv mevB Awfbx nZ Pvq| GUv AvgvK e_v `q, KviY GUv Zviv
Pvq ay UvKvcqmv Avi ^xKwZi Rb| Avmj GUv Zvgvi PvIqv DwPZ wki Rb| Avwg
Rvwb, Avgvì ewkifvM Awfbx gWj nZ cvie bv, wK gWjivI Awfbx nZ cvi
bv|
Kvwiqvii wewfb weKi ga dvivK-iLv ùvo KivZ hq GKUv Mvgvivm wdMvi

nIqv Avi GKRb Awfbx nIqvi gaKvi cwivi cv_K cKvk Kijb Rvni| wmbgv
BvwZ bvixiv cvqkB hLvb Ajvii wRwbm, mLvb cwZhvwMbxì cwZ Rvnii
ejv wcR Awfbq Ki eywjUv Bviws| Kbbv D`vwiKiYi mgq _K wgwWqvZ weK
myhvM hfve eoQ, GUv mB w`KB BwZ Ki|
wgm-Bwqv-Uwbs Ggb GKUv RvqMv wnmve KvR Ki, cwZhvwMbxiv hLvb Zvì
fwelZ wbaviY KiZ cvi, A_ev wgwWqv-mswk Kvwiqvimg~ni wePvi Zvì
weKjv AZ AviI weZ KiZ cvi| AveMi w`K w`q GB UwbsUv Aek KwVb,
Kbbv Gi ga _vK cZK w`b 15 Nvi KwVb wkwWDj, Avi Zvi cvkvcvwk cZK
ZiY bvixi AvPvi-AvPiYi mvewYK, KVvi bRi`vwi|
wgm-Bwqv UwbOi ivRbxwZ

gb iL, h-gyn~Z _K Zzwg GB nvUji evBi, mB gyn~Z _K 24 NvB Zzwg gi Dci
_vKe| (cwZhvwMbxì cwZ ng we`x)
we`xi GB ge cwZhvwMbxìK ZvMv`v `q hb Zviv wbRivB wbRìK memgq

PvL PvL ivL (GgbwK GcvUiv wbRiv hLb Zv KiZ cvib bv ZLbI)| G-ge
we`x Kib mvqy-wejvcx Kvq`vq, dzKvi cvbcwUKbi [mevxb Rwic] aviYv AbymiY
Kivi gvag| cvbcwUKb nQ mB cwqv, hvi viv jvKRbK GZ Nwbfve
cheY Kiv nq h, Zviv wbRivB wbRì AvPvi-AvPiY-eenvi cixv Ki `LZ
i Ki (eni mvgvwRK cwZvbjv hfve Ki, AbKUv mfve)| dzKv-dzKv
aibi me-mvgwMK cwZvbi cZxKi gZv, wgm-Bwqvi Uwbs-cvMvg GK gvmi
Rb cwZhvwMbxì Rxeb `Lj Ki wbq ZvìK GcvUì bRii Aaxb Ki|
bvbvb K_vevZvi ejv-KIqvi gvag GcvUì m^ Ggb aviYv wbwgZ nq h, Zuviv
ZiY bvixìK m`v-DP AvRvwZK vvW-Gi Dchy Mvgvivm cwZgvq cwiYZ
KiZ cvib|
wgm-Bwqv bvgK aviYvUv Ggb aibi wj-AmgZv, hvi cKvk NU wbj iKg
enrfve| cwZhvwMbxì cwZUv wgwbU bRi`vwi-cheY Kivbv nq ndvRZKvwiYxìK w`q| [ndvRZKvwibx mK GB jLvi kl Abyev`Ki UxKv è|]
ndvRZKvwiYxì KD KD cwZhvwMbxìB eqmx ev AviI QvU| hfve hfve
ejv nqQ mfve mfveB cwZhvwMbxiv LvQb, NygvQb Avi KvRKg KiQb wKbv
mUv wbwZ Kib ndvRZKvwiYxiv| hwÌ cwZhvwMbxì mv_ ndvRZKvwiYxì
iv&j& \ m`h
152
Abyev`: wbDUb
Kvbv SzUSvgjv nZ Avwg KLbvB `wL wb, Zey mvivY chewZ nIqvi Pvc mK
mvivYB Avwg mRvM wQjvg| cwZhvwMbxiv h ZvìK Ìqv iwUb gb PjQb Zv
wbwZ Kivi `vq`vwqZi K_v GKRb ndvRZKvwiYx DjL KiwQjb:
cZK mvn Zviv [cwZhvwMbxiv] GKUv Ki bZzb WvqU cvq| GUv eiv Kiv nq Awji
mv_ ewMZ civgki mgq| AvgvK wbwZ KiZ nq hb Zviv mUv wekZvi mv_ gb
Pj| GKUv gq 7 wKjv wbg-IRbi| KvRB m AvQ IRb evovbvi WvqU| Avi ZvB m
mevi mvgbB cvw Avi KK LZ cvi| Avi GUv cZKKB Svgjvq dj|
c~Yeq bvixì `Lfvj-cvnviv Kivi gZvb AyZ Aevb _vKv GB ndvRZKvwiYxì AwfhvM AvOyj Zzj `wLq `q, Kxfve cwZhvwMbxiv mvivYB bRi`vwii ga
_vKb| Zvi Ici, cwZhvwMbxiv Avevi wbRivB wbRìK Ges GK-AbK PvL
PvL ivLb| me LvIqvB h GKUv Mc wnmve LvIqv nq _vK (LvIqvUv hLvb mevi
c cheY Kiv me) Lv` GB NUbvUvB bRi`vwii GKUv Ask|
ZiY bvixì mv_ GKw`b mKvj Avwg hLb emwQjvg, ZLb WvqU-wekvi`
ZvìK Kxme WvqU w`qQb ZvB wbq GKUv RwUj AvjvPbvq XyK cojb Zviv|
GKRb gq ejjb,
Avwg 200 Mvg KgwQ, GB Avi wK| wVK GLb Avwg mvo 61 wKjv, Avi nZ PvB 60| wZwb
[WvqU-wekvi` Awj] ejQb AvRK Avwg dj LZ cvie bv, KviY GUv gvUv evwbq dj|
ìì mv_ AviKRb ejj, `yB w`b Kzgov Avi PvUwbi ci bvvi Rb ZvK eiv
Ìqv nqQ wWg Avi iwU| WvqU-Mg LjvUvi ga mnRvZfveB _vK AyZ me
Abygvb| GBme AyZ Abygvbi Ask wnmve gqiv wmv cuQwQjb h, dj Avmj
wVK gvUv evbvbvi fvM co bv, KviY GUv Avmj iYveYKvix Lv`B eU|
LvIqvi fq
h-DMRbK ZxeZvi mv_ ZiY bvixiv Zvì LvIqvi cvUvY wbq Avjvc KiwQjb
Zv Ui cvBq `q, Uwbs-cvMvgi cyiv cwZvbUvB Kxfve GK aibi AvZ-bRi`vwi
cqvM Ki| cwZhvwMbxì Lv`MnY bRi`vwi KivUv KLbv-KLbv Aek mivmwi
cywjkwMwi ch wMqI VK| cmi mv_ mvvZi Rb ZiY bvixìK hLb Avw^
DcZKvq wbq hvIqv nj (GK gvmi ga nvUji evBi Zvì GB c_g hvIqv),
GKRb c`kbx-msMVK mZK Ki w`q ejjb,
GLvb ^vfvweK Lvevi _vKe, wK mveavb, wbRiv wbRìK VwKq ivLe| Avwg GKevi
Zvgvì mvgb wMq nvwRi nq LvIqv _vgvbvi K_v ejZ PvB bv|
cyiv UwbsKvj Ryo evcK AvjvPbvi welq wQj Lv`MnYi ivRbxwZ| cZK
ejvi Lvevi cwZhvwMbxiv LZ GKUv eyd Uwej _K| Zvì Rb Uweji Ici
mvRvbv _vKZ Lvevii 3Uv eo Mvgjv _vKZ| bvvq Zvì Rb weK wnmve _vKZ
wmwiqvj [kmRvZxq Lvevi] A_ev dj| jv _vKZ `yBUv mw Avi myc| Avi ivZ _vKZ
iv&j& \ m`h
153
Abyev`: wbDUb
fvZ Ges AvwglRvZxq GKUv ivbv| Avkv Kiv nZ, GBme wbevwPZ wRwbm _K
cwZhvwMbxiv ay mBjv eQ beb, hjv Awj Zvì LvIqvi Rb eiv
KiQb|
ewk Lq djvi fq Ges mB m cwZhvwMZvi AvM-AvM LvIqvi mgq
bRi`vwii ga _vKvi Pvc GB `yB wRwbm cwZhvwMbxì KvQ GKUv welq KvhZ
e`bv-`vqKfve dzwUq Zvj| mUv nj: cwZhvwMbxì wbRì AvZ-wbqY Avi
GcvUì civgki cwZ Zvì gbvhvM GB Dfqi Dci m`hi vvWjv
wbfikxj| GUv KiZ hq hwÌ ZiY bvixì KD KD Abì Pq ewk cwikg
KiQb (Ges KD KD mUv AwZwiB KiQb), Zey, myì nZ Mj msMvg KiZ
ne GB evZvUv GB UwbO me`vB nvwRi wQj|
myì nIqvUv AwZwi cvZjv, dimv Avi j^v nIqvi GKUv Aev wnmve msvwqZ
nZ _vK| Avi, wgm-Bwqvq GB wZbUv Yi KvbvUvKB KD AwZwi cwigvY aviY
KiZ mg nb bv| [wgm-Bwqvq dimv, cvZjv Avi j^v nIqvi AwZwi ej
wKQy bvB|] ciiK bRi`vwi KiZ e`xìK eva Kivi cvbvcwUKb Kxfve
KvR Ki m-welqK dzKvi aviYvi mv_ GUvi ek Nwb mK AvQ| dzKv,
cKZc, gZvK msvwqZ Kib wewfb Kkj-Gi ga Aeqecv GKUv evcvi
wnmve ... hjvi mvaviY bKkv ev cvwZvwbK msnwZ Axf~Z _vK ... wewfb mvgvwRK
AvwacZi ga (Michel Foucault, 1975: 93)| ay cwZhvwMbxì RbB bv,
c`kbxUvi BgRmgy`qK hviv Lvq mB ki jvKRbi RbI, m`hi
vvWjvK AviI cv Kivi KvR Ki wgm-Bwqv|
GgbwK cwievii m`mì Rb eiv GK Nvi `Lv-mvvZI (nvUji
Kwdkc cwZ ivZ 9Uv _K 10Uvi ga AbywZ) ndvRZKvwiYxì viv Zveavb
Kiv nZ| ejZ Mj ixwZgZv cheYhvMfve, KwdkcUvK emvbv nqwQj
nvUji wVK gvSLvb| KwiWvimg~ni mg 24 ZjvB GUvi w`K Aevi PvL
ZvKvZv| Gi dj cwZhvwMbxì c Ggb Kvbv AveM cwievii KvQ cKvk
KivUv Ame nq coZ, hUv Abì mvgb hUv cKvk KiZ Zviv nqZ A^w eva
KiZb| GKRb ndvRZKvwiYx GB bxwZi cQbKvi hwKZv evLv KiwQjb
Gfve:
KviY, GLvb SyuwKi ga _vK [Lv`] c`kbxUvi bvg-hk, Avi KzrwmZ ReK Zv Avgiv
AbvKvwZfve MwRq DVZ w`Z cvwi bv|
GRbB, wZwb hyw `wLq ejjb, GUv ìKvi h, cwZhvwMbxiv memgq ndvRZKvwiYxì mv_ m~Y `kgvb Aevq _vKe|
ikgi wUi ga emevm

msMVKìK Avwg wRvmv Kijvg, Kb cwZhvwMbxìK Zvì Rb eivKZ
mxwgZ cwigvY duvKv mgqI nvUji evBi hZ Ìqv nq bv? ZLb GKRb
iv&j& \ m`h
154
Abyev`: wbDUb
ndvRZKvwiYx GB NUbvi Dci Rvi w`jb h, wgm-Bwqvi cwZhvwMbxiv hiKg, mB

aibi ZiY bvixì Rb evBii RMZ ejZ Mj iwW bv:
AviKw`b hLb Avgiv ZvìK kwcO wbq wMqwQjvg, ZLb ZvìK Avgvì Vj evm
ZzjZ nqwQj, KviY cyiv RbZv Rov nwQj ZvìK `Lvi Rb| fviZ, bvixiv LvUv
wRwbmc ciZ cvi bv, Avi Gme gq hme wRwbm ci Zvi dj LvPov jvKRb (AvwiK
A_ cPv-bvsiv jvKRb) Zvì w`K ZvwKq _vK| GB KviYB AvgvìK memgq
ZvìK nvUj ivLZ nq|
cvnviv-wbivcvi K_vgvjv eenvi Ki GB ndvRZKvwiYx Avmj wgm-Bwqvi RMZ

Avi mwZKvii fviZi eveZvi gaKvi Zxe cv_KKB iZi mv_ Zzj aijb|
Lye GKUv gbvhvM AvKlY bv-KiB bvbv gvvq cvkvKnxbfve Nyi eovbvi
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Avei-bfî 2005
g~j jLvq DjwLZ eBc
AR Riverol, Live from Atlantic City: The History of Miss America Before, After And In
Spite of Television, Popular Press New York, 1992.
Colleen Cohen, Richard Wilk and Stoeltje Beverly, eds Beauty Queens on the Global
Stage: Gender, Contests and Power, Routledge, New York, 1995.
Judith Butler, Bodies That Matter, Routledge, New York, 1993.
Kathy Davis, Embodied Practices, Routledge, New York, 1997.
Kathy Davis, Reshaping the Female Body:The Dilemma of Cosmetic Surgery,

Routledge, New York, 1995.
Keith Lovegrove, Pageant: The Beauty Culture, te Neues Publishing Company, New
York, 2002 .
Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish Vintage, New York, 1975.
Sarah Banet-Weiser, The Most Beautiful Girl in the World, University of California
Press, Berkeley, 1999.
Abyev`Ki DjL-m~
gvBvmd&U& GbKvUv Awfavb (2004)| Microsoft Encarta Reference Library (2004). 19932003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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h, Gjv MYgvagi cKwZ mK Avgvì fyj aviYv `q| MYgvagK wVKfve bv
eySj, MYgvagi mgmv I mvebvjvi mwVK gvbwP AvuKv me nq bv|
hgb, MYgvagK Avgiv mgvRi `cY ej _vwK| G _K gb nZ cvi h,
MYgvag wbicfve mgvR hv nQ ZvK dzwUq Zvj| cKZc MYgvag
GKeviB ccvZnxb bq| eis GKwU mgvRi gZv-mKi KvVvgvi ga KvR
Ki| hvi dj GKwU mgvRi h cvavbkxj gZv`k mwUK Avgiv MYgvag dyU
DVZ `wL| mwU mgvRi mevi K_v ev mevi Pnviv bvI nZ cvi| D`vniY wnme
ejv hvq, bvix cm mgvRi cvavbkxj gZv`k njv bvixi vb Ni| cKZ
Drcv`bkxj ev iZc~Y mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK KvR bvixi Kvb f~wgKv bB| GwU njv
GKwU cvavbkxj gZv`k| cKZ Aevi mv_ Gi wgj bB| bvix KLbv Ni AvUK
_vKwb| Drcv`bi mI bvix memgqB cZfve RwoZ _KQ| wK bvixK
MnKvYwbfi ev ciwbfi wnme DcwZ Kievi m gZvi ckwU RwoZ AvQ| Gfve
`Lv nj bvixK Aab Ki ivLv me nq, ZvK mwi mgvb AwaKvi bv Ìqv ev
Kg gRyix èvi welqwU ea Ki Zvjv hvq| KvRB eve Aev wfb njI, Ges
mvcwZK Kvj ewncwimii KvR bvixi AskMnY wecyj MwZZ evojI Avgiv wKy
MYgvag GB eve Aevi h_vh_ cwZdjb `LZ cvB bv| MYgvag h bvixK
`Lvq Zvi cavb Kgj GLbI MnKvY|
MYgvag mK Avgvì Avi GKwU fyj aviYv njv, MYgvag g~jZ cMwZkxj|
MYgvag mgvRi mPZb Aski wPvi cKvk NU ej Avgiv gb Kwi| GiKgwU
fveevi KviY njv MYgvagK Avgiv GKwU wk (industry) ej kbv Kwi bv|
cKZc Ab hKvb wki gZvB MYgvagI Zvi jvf-wZi wPv Ki KvR Ki|
AbKmgq, AbK eemv cwZvbi PqI `ygi nq DVZ cvi MYgvagi gybvdvi
evmbv| kvZv-`kK-cvVKK MYgvag `LZ cvi ay fvv (consumer) wnme,
mPZb RbMvx wnme bq| cvVK Lvq ev `kK Lvq GaiYi K_v wK Avgiv
MYgvag wkB eeZ nZ `wL| hnZz cMwZkxj wPv Kib Ggb gvbyl mgvR
msLvjNy, KvRB e gvbyli KvQ wew nevi AvKvvq MYgvag msLviì
iYkxj gZvgZKB Zzj aiZ Pvq| hgb `Lyb eve cw_exZ bvixi h egvwK
MxwZ Aviv
163
MYgvag I bvix
Aevb, MYgvagi iYkxj `wKvY Zvi m~Y kbv Ki bv| MYgvag GLbI Rvi
`q bvixi `wnK m`hi Ici, Zvi gav, gZv ev mRbkxjZvi Ici bq| A_vr
MYgvagi gybvdvjvfx `wKvY _K GLbI bvixK wewi DcKiY wnme gb Kiv
nq, mPZb cvVK-kvZv-`kK mgvRi GKvsk ej gb Kiv nq bv|
MYgvagi cKwZi G w`Kjv Zzj aijvg GRb h, MYgvagK hLb Avgiv
mgvR e`ji nvwZqvi wnme wPwZ Kie, ZLb GUvI Avgvì gb ivLZ ne
MYgvag wKy ^qswqfve gnr Dk mvabi Rb KvR Ki hve bv| MYgvagK
w`q Avgvì KvR KivZ ne|
Avevi MYgvagK w`q Avgiv KvR KivZ PvBI| Kbbv, MYgvag hgb mgvRi
Ici cfve wevi Ki, Zgb mgvRI MYgvagi Ici cfve wevi KiZ cvi|
MYgvagi mxgveZv kbv Kievi m m GB gZvUvKI `LZ ne| MYgvagi
GB gZvi RbB hgb bvix I MYgvag cm MYgvagK gb Kiv nq GKwU mgmvi
, Zgwb gb Kiv nq GKwU mvebvi | Kb? hgb aib cwievi bvgK
cwZvbwUi K_v| bvixi AbK mgmvi K`we`y wnme cwieviK wPwZ Kiv nq|
cwievi _KB gq-wki Ici elgg~jK AvPiY Kiv nq, cwieviB bvix AbK ekx
wbhvZbi wkKvi nq BZvw`| wK cwievi bvgK GB cwZvbwU bvixi cwZ h gbvfve
cvlY Ki, mwUK Avgiv mevB wgj em em cv_bv KijI Zv e`jvbv me bq|
cwievi bvgK GB cwZvbwUi m`mì wPv e`jvZ nj, Rvi mgZvi gbvfve
Zvì ga wbq AvmZ nj bvixi cwZ BwZevPK GKwU cwiek Mo ZzjZ ne |
bvixK gvbyl wnme `Levi `wfxjv mgvR cwZwZ Kievi GKwU kwkvjx
nvwZqvi wnme MYgvag KvR KiZ cvi|
MYgvag I bvixi mK
MYgvag I bvixi mKwU wZbwU w`Kgvv (Dimension) _K `Lv hZ cvi| GB

wZbwU w`K nvj, MYgvag bvixi icvqY (Portrayal), MYgvagi Kg bvixi
AskMnYi gvv (Participation), Ges MYgvagi kvZv-`kK-cvVK (Audience)
wnme bvixi cqvRb c~iYi bvhZv|
MYgvag bvixi icvqY

evsjv`ki MYgvag bvix hfve wPwZ nq ZvK hw` `yUv k msw KiZ nq,
Ze k `ywU ne: cvwK I bwZevPK| MYgvag msv wewfb MelYvq bvix
Dcvcbi h wP dzU IV Zv njv:
1. msev` gvag bvixK vb Ìqv nq AZ Kg| gb Kiv nq, cyilB NUbvi
msNUK, bvix NUbvi Awq Ask|
2. msev` gvag bvix hLb DcwZ nq ZLb ZvK ekx cvIqv hvq `ywU ,
Aciva I webv`b| Acivai bvix Gi wkKvi Ges webv`bi bvix mvgMx|
MxwZ Aviv
164
MYgvag I bvix
3. msev` gvag bvix welqK msevì msLv cwigvYMZ w`K _K ew cjI

YMZ w`K _K msev` bvixi h_vh_ ghv`v c`vbi welqwU GLbI ckmvc iq
MQ| Aciva welqK msev` GLbI Acivaxi Pq mswk bvixi ewMZ Rxeb mK
AwaKZi Z_ cKvk, wK^v alYi gZv Acivai DRK eYbv èvi ceYZv
cwijwZ nq|
4. webv`b gvag bvixK wKQy mxwgZ, Mr evuav f~wgKvq `Lv hvq hgb Kbv,
cqmx, Rvqv, I Rbbx| bvixi cKwZK `Lvbv nq MngyLx, `yej I ciwbfi|
5. PjwP alY Ges hb wbcxobi gZv iZi AcivaK webv`bi DcRxe
Ki Zvjv nq|
6. wevcb bvix mivmwifve cY|
MYgvag bvix Gfve DcvwcZ nj mgmv Kv_vq? mgmv GB h, bvixi Aab
Aevbi hviv cwieZb KiZ Pvb, Zviv mevB Dcjw Kib, mgvR Rvi hfve
wbwgZ nq (A_vr bvix ev cyil ejZ Avgiv Kx eywS, ev Zvì Kx AvPiY Kiv DwPZ ej
Avgiv gb Kwi), mB wbgvYi I cwieZb Avbv ìKvi| evi evi Avgiv cgvY cvB,
bvixi wbhvZbi wkKvi nevi GKwU eo KviY nQ bvix m^ mgvRi g~jeva| hw`
Kvbv mgvRi g~jeva GB nq h bvix ZzQ, ZvK Acgvb ev wbhvZb Kiv hvq Ze
bvbv aibi mvgvwRK msMVbi ga w`q mB mgvRi mKj GB gZv`k `xwZ nb|
Avgvì mvgvwRKxKiY cwievi, wkvqZb I Abvb mvgvwRK msMVbi cvkvcvwk
MYgvagI GKwU iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki|
wmWv mb` Avgvì gb Kwiq `q bvixi cwZ mKj cKvi elg `~ixKiYi Rb
PvB Avgvì g~jevaiI cwieZb| wK MYgvag Avgiv hw` evievi bvixK `wL
`yej, wmv bevi gZvnxb, iZc~Y ivRbwZK I mvgvwRK KgKv AbycwZ,
cyili Ici wbfikxj ZLb Kxfve Avgiv Avkv Kiev h bvixi Aab Aevi
cwieZb NUe?
h bvixK Avgiv `wL iwWIZ `wL Mvb MvBZ, Uwjwfkb bvPZ, dzj ev wP
c`kbxi Dvabx w`bi AvjvKwP cwKvi cvZvq kvfv nq _vKZ; wK iwWIUwjwfkbi UK-kvjvZ mywPwZ gZvgZ ivLevi Rb hvK WvKv nq bv, RvZxq ev
AvRvwZK iZc~Y NUbvq hvi AwfgZ bevi Rb msev`c mvvrKvi bq bv, Zvi
h ivRbwZK gZvgZ AvQ mwU Avgiv Rvbe Kxfve? myZivs mvaviY gvbyli KvQ
GUvB gb nIqv wK ^vfvweK bq h, mivmwi wbevPb bq, Abi gvidZ cvjvgU
Ajvi nq _vKvB bvixi fweZe?
mvRv K_vq MYgvag bvix Kx Ges bvixi Kx nIqv DwPZ m mK wKQy msKxY
ivj gWj cwZv Ki PjQ| MYgvag eve Rxebi bvixKI GUvB AbymiY KiZ
kLvq| iPbv Ki wKQy wbw` Mw| GZ eve I wekvmhvM gb nq GB Mw h m Mw
AwZg KiZ bvix fq cZ cvi, ev AwZg KijI wbRK Zvi Am~Y gb nZ
cvi| MYgvag Dcvcbvi bvixi cvwKxKiY I bwZevPK icvqYi dj
mgvR bvixi Aab Aevi cwieZb Aviv KwVb nq coQ ej weklì aviYv|
MxwZ Aviv
165
MYgvag I bvix
ckvRxex wnme MYgvag bvixi AskMnYi gvv

cPvigvag bvixi AskMnYi welqwU `ywU w`K _K wPv Kiv nq:
1. MYgvag bvixi bwZevPK I cvwK fveg~wZ MVbi m MYgvag-ckvq bvixi
AskMnYi welqwU cZfve mwKZ ejI AbK gb Kib| `Lv hvq, wewfb
MYgvagi wmvMnYKvix chvq Ges MYgvagi Avaq ZixZ bvixi DcwwZ bMY
wK^v bB ejjB Pj| Gi dj cyilcavb `wfx _K Ges cyil kvZv-`kKcvVKi K_vB cavbZ gb iL MYgvag Avaq Zix Kiv nq|
2. MYgvagi Kg bvixi DcwwZ hw` h_ bv nq, Ze KgRxebi mKj
bvixK mgvb AwaKvi Ìqv nqQ GK_v ejv hvq bv|
hwÌ gy`Y gvag bvixiv KvR KiQb e ermi ai, BjKUwbK gvagjvZ Rb
jM _K; ZviciI Kvb RvZxq cwKvi mv`K c`, wK^v iwWI-Uwjwfkbi
gnvcwiPvjK c` Kvb bvixK Avgiv `wLwb| wmvMnYi K_v ev` w`jvg, GgbwK
Avaq wbgvY, hgb wicvwUs-G , x jLvq, Kvgivq, cwiPvjbvq bvix A`k|
Kgi Abvb AskMnY bvix hgb evavi myLxb nq, mB evavjv
MYgvagi KgI iqQ| Ze, GB Kgi mePq eo evavwU njv Rvielgg~jK gvbwmKZvi evav| MYgvag GLbI g~jZ cyili Kg ej wPwZ|
2003 mvj MYgvag I bvix welq AvqvwRZ GKvwaK Kgkvjvq AskMnYKvixiv evievi
G K_vB ejQb| Zviv `LQb, bvixi cwikg KgwZ bB, mRbkxjZvq NvUwZ bB,
Pvj gvKvwejvZI bvix wcQcv bq ZviciI MYgvagi Ab Zvi c`PviYv
evievi evavM nq| MYgvagi jvZ Zviv h_ myhvM cvb bv, mvb I
c`vbwZ RvU bv, cwkYi myhvMI Kg Ìqv nq Zvì| msev`c hviv KvR
KiZ Pvb, wicvwUs-Gi Pq Uwej em mv`bvi KvRB Ìqv nq Zvì ewk|
wicvwUs KiZ PvBj Zviv GvmvBbgU cvb Z_vKw_Z gqjx welq| mvsevw`KZvq
bvixi AskMnY welq wbDR bUIqvK AvqvwRZ GKwU Kgkvjvq GKRb wmwbqi cyil
mvsevw`K ejb, msev`K cyil mvsevw`Kiv hfve aygcvb I vs eenvi Kib, mwU
bvwK mvsevw`K-mswZi Rb Acwinvh! mLvb KvR Kiv GKRb bvixi c KwVb! G
`v _K evSv hvq, Kb AbK bvix-mvsevw`K cyil-mnKgxì AmnhvwMZvK
Zvì KvRi c_ mePq eo evav ej gb Kib|
wgwWqvZ hviv KvR KiQb Zvì ga bvixi msLv hw` AcZzj nq Zvi A_
AbKi Kî Avgiv bwQ bv, AbKi `wfx cwZdwjZ nQ bv, AbKi gZvgZ
Pvcv co iqQ| eBwRs-G bIqv ewkK KgcwiKbvq MYgvag bvixi AskMnYi
gvv evovevi Ici weklfve Rvi Ìqv nqQ GRb h, MYgvag hv cPvwiZ nQ
Zvi Ici bvixi wbqY hZw`b AwRZ bv ne, ZZw`b MYgvag bvixi cqvRb
h_vh_fve c~iY Kie bv|
MxwZ Aviv
166
MYgvag I bvix
AwWq bvix
GLvbB ck Pj Avm kvZv-`kK-cvVK wnme bvixi cqvRb MYgvag KZUzKz c~iY
KiQ? MYgvag wK bvixK Zvi AwWq gb Ki? msev`c alYi eYbv wK coZ
Pvq GKRb bvix? PjwP bvix hfve DcwZ, ZvZ AviK bvix wK webv`b jvf Ki?
MYgvag h bvixK `wL cwZwbqZ mwK Avwg? mwK Avcbvi Pbv Kvb bvix? h LwZ
BgRi bvix MYgvag fm IV mwK bvixmgvRi cwZwP? bvixi PvL wek `Levi
K_v Avgiv evievi ejwQ| ZviciI `LwQ MYgvag hv `Lvbv nq, hfve cw_exi ev
`ki mgmvi evLv Kiv nq, Zv Zix nqQ cyili `wfx _K| Avgvì ivRbxwZ,
A_bxwZ, mswZ, ag, AvBb mg wKQyi ga iqQ cyili PvL `L weklY| bvixi
ee, Zvi mgmv hw` AbycwZ _vK memgq, Ze ejv hvq bvixi mgvb AwaKvi
cwZv, Zvi bvhZv ARb GKwU AvKvkKzmyg Kbvgv nq _vKe| Avgiv mfv-mwgbvi-wmvwRqv-Kgkvjv hZwKQyB AvqvRb Kwi bv Kb, GB wek _vKe cyilZvwK|
Avgvì mswZ _vKe cyilZvwK| Avi GB mswZZ eo IVv cwZwU bvix-cyil GB
aviYvZB `xwZ nZ _vKe| Kbbv MYgvag AbKvsk Avgvì GB `Lvi PvLUv
Zix Ki|
B`vbxs c-cwKv ev Uwjwfkbi Abyvb `Lj gb ne bvixi cavb mgmv nQ,
wZwb gyL kmv bv Kjv gvLeb, Pzj Qvov bv Lvjv ivLeb, WvqU Kxfve Kieb, Ni
mvwRq Kxfve ivLeb....BZvw` BZvw`| MYgvag hZiKg fve Pzji, PvLi,
VvuUi, Mvji, `vuZi, nvZi, cvqi, Mvovjxi, bLi hZ wbZ I PPv KiZ ejv nq
(wK Zvi gwi PPv KiZ ejv nq bv); hw` Kvb bvix Gmgi GKkv fvMi
GKfvMI Kib, Zvi hvwcZ Rxebi `yB-ZZxqvskB GB KvR eq nevi K_v| evwK GK
ZZxqvski Rb Avevi iqQ Bwjk gvQi Kvv, bviKji imMvjv, Zix Ki
mvbvi-cv_i evwUZ mvwRq LvIqvbv| ZviciI AvQ iKgvix evnvix Kzkb, c`vq,
Pqvi mvdvq, Ni mvRvbv| Gme wKQy Kivi ci GKRb bvixi c wK me zjKjR-wekwe`vjq cov ev covbv, mRbkxj jLv, msev`Kgx nIqv, ivRbwZK Kgx
nIqv wK^v h Kvb ckvZB wbqvwRZ _vKv? GgbwK Bwjk gvQi Kvv evbvbv, Avi
Nii KvY mvRvbvi gZv evnvix KvR QvovI ay `bw`b KvRi ZvwjKvq GKRb
MnKgx bvixiI hZ aiYi Ges hZ cKvi KvR _vK mjvI wK Kiv me?
myZivs Avgiv ejZB cvwi, MYgvag bvbv KvR, bvbv ckvq RwoZ _vKv, bvbv
eqmi, bvbv kYxi bvixi Rxebi K_v, Zvì mgmvi K_v, Zvì msMvgi K_v Lye
ekx ejQ bv| mZv Mj GKw`K| Abw`K G MYgvag bvixi Rb Kx gWj cwZv
KiQ? bvixi Kx nIqv DwPZ ej gb KiQ? Avgiv KRb MYgvagi bvixi m
wbRì wgj LyuR cvB? A_P hLb Pviw`K _K MYgvag bvixi LwZ Ges Mr evuav
BgR elY Ki RvbvQ h, MYgvagi bvixB cKZ bvix, bvixi GiKgB nIqvi K_v,
ZLb bvixi AbwKQy nIqvi c_I i nq hvQ|
MxwZ Aviv
167
MYgvag I bvix
Avgvì KiYxq
G mg KviYB MYgvag I bvix welqwU evi evi AvjvPbv nQ| cw_exi wewfb `k
G ck h wPv I KvRi m~cvZ nqwQj, 1975 mvji AvRvwZK bvix el mwUK
GKwU AvRvwZK Bmy wnme mevi mvgb wbq Avmvi myhvM Ki `q| 1975 mvji
wek mjb h wek KgcwiKbv (World Plan of Action) MnY Kiv nq ZvZ mgvR
I gbvfve e`ji MYgvagi iZc~Y f~wgKvi Ici Rvi w`q ejv nq, mgvR
I Dbqb bvixi mKiYi Rb MYgvag GKwU cfvekvjx f~wgKv ivLZ cvi|
MYgvag Kxfve bvixi fveg~wZK Zzj aiQ, KxfveB ev MYgvagi Aviv djcm~
f~wgKv cvjb KiZ cvi, G wbq 1975 mvji ci _K wekevcx vbxq I AvwjK
chvq AvjvPbv, MelYv cwiPvwjZ nZ _vK| GiI `y`kK ci 1995 mvji PZz_
wek bvix mjb bvix Dbqbi c_ h 12wU evav kbv Kiv njv, MYgvag Zvi ga
GKwU|
2005 mvj eBwRs cwiKbv MnYi `k ermi wPwZ Kie| Avgiv hw` mB c_g
AvRvwZK bvixel _K wnme Kwi, Ze `Lv hve bvix I MYgvag welq Avgvì
mPZbZvi ciI KU MQ 30 ermi| Gi ga RvZxq bvix Dbqb bxwZgvjv cYxZ
nqQ, KgcwZ welq mycvwikgvjv Ìqv nqQ, mfv-mwgwZ-mwgbvi nqQ|
ZviciI, MYgvag bvix-cwZgvi Lye ekx Zv cwieZb nq wb GB `xN mgq!
eBwRs cvUdg di GvKkb Gi cwicwZ evsjv`k miKvi 1997 mvj h
RvZxq Dbqb bxwZgvjv MnY KiQ Zvi MYgvag I bvix welqK Ask wbgwjwLZ welq
c`c MnY Kievi cwZkwZ Ìqv AvQ:
1. MYgvag bvixi mwVK f~wgKv cPvi, cekvwaKvi wbwZ Kiv Ges AskMnY
elg `~i Kiv; MYgvag bvix I gq wki AskMnY, gZvgZ cKvk, wmv MnYi
myhvM ew; Ges bvix I gqwki BwZevPK cwZdjb NUvbv;
2. bvixi cwZ AegvbbvKi, bwZevPK, mbvZbx cwZdjb Ges bvixi wei
mwnsmZv ei j cPvi eev Kiv;
3. wewfb MYgvagi eevcbv I AvbyvwbK cwkY bvixi Rb mgvb myhvM ivLv;
4. cPvi gvagi bxwZgvjvq Rvi cwZ hy Kiv;
5. Dciv welqmg~ni AvjvK AvBb, cPvibxwZ, wbqYwewa Ges AvPiYwewa
cbqY Kiv|
Avevi hw` gb ivwL, bvixi AwaKvi ARbi Av`vjb njv cw_exi mePq
`xNZg wece, Ze nqZv Lye ekx mgq bq GB wZb `kK| mw`K _K `Lj PvL
coe, MYgvagi bvixi wKQy cwieZb nqQ ewK| msev`ci bvix cvZvjv Mr evuav
gqjx welqi evBi bvixi AwaKvii welqjvZ bRi `q ekx; BjKUwbK
wgwWqvZ evoQ bvix mvsevw`Ki msLv hviv bvixi GK`v AMg welq wicvU KiQb;
cwKvjv Rvi-mPZb bv nq DVjI, mPZb mgvRi wei gbvfvei fq bvix
welx cwZe`b I fvlvi mZK nqQ| wekevcx fvv-mgvR MVb Drmvnx
MxwZ Aviv
168
MYgvag I bvix
wekvwqZ MYgvag hgb Avgvì mvgb wbq GmQ bZzb Pvj, Zgwb Lyj w`qQ
mnvqK Z_ cvevi Ges Awfb BmyZ HKe nevi bZzb myhvM|
ejvB evj, mgvR bvixi h elgg~jK Aevb, Zvi Rb MYgvag GKv `vqx bq,
Ges MYgvagB ay bvixi bwZevPK BgR cwZv Ki bv| MYgvag I bvixi gaKvi
bwZevPK mKi Rb `vqx Avgvì mgvRi elgg~jK gZv`k, hv Avgvì kke
_K kLvbv nq cwievi, c_v-mswZ-ag-AvBb w`q hvK Rvi`vi Kiv nq|
MYgvag GB Rvi elgK hgb Rvi`vi Kievi Rb f~wgKv ivLZ cvi ev ivLQ,
Zgwb Rvi-mgZvi g~jevaI kLvZ cvi| MYgvag Zv RbMYi gvag| A_vr
Avgvì mKji gvag| Avgvì mevBKB wVK KiZ ne, MYgvagK wK MYwewQb
ev MYweivax nq Avgiv _vKZ è, bvwK Avgvì mKji K hvZ MYgvag dzwUq
ZzjZ cvi Zvi Rb Avgiv KvR Kie|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
MxwZ Aviv bvmwib XvKv wekwe`vjqi MYhvMvhvM I mvsevw`KZv wefvMi AavcK| MYgvag I bvix
wbq wZwb KvR Kib| 2004 mvj MYgvag I mgvR bvg wZwb GKwU eB mv`bv KiQb| XvKvi Rvi
Bb wgwWqv msMVbi wZwb GKRb mwq m`m-Kgx|
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mywZv PeZx
c_g Avjvi bKkvi cvZvq

bvix-msev` Dcvcb I c`kbi
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cyilZvwK| bvix-cyil wbwekl GB cwZvbjv cyilZvwK gZv`kB enb Ki Ges
GB AvwacZkxj gZv`kwUK KvR jvwMq msev` cwiekb Kivi ga w`q mgvR
cyilZvwK avb-aviYvjvKB ewk cwigvY cvKvcv Kiv nq| hwÌ eZgvb weki
cyuwRev`x-mgvR Pnvivq bvix-cyil mKjB cY cwiYZ nq _vK ZviciI cuywRev`xcyilZvwK mgvReevq bvixK AbK ewk g~j w`Z nq| Avi Avgvì gnvb
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cvVK, GKUz Lqvj Kij AvcwbI `LZ cveb wKsev KD KD BZvga wbqB
Lqvj KiQb h msev`cjv bvixK Kx PvL `L _vK| Avgvì `k MYgvag
I bvix wbq ek wKQy KvRI BZvga nqQ Ges mLvb Zviv `wLqQb Kxfve bvixi
cwZ msev`cjv AvPiY Ki| wekl Ki bvixwelqK msev` cwiekbvq fvlv
eenvii ga w`q, wevcb bvixi wiIUvBc Av`j `wLq Ges bvixK
AwaKgvvq cY evwbq cvVKi mvgb Zzzj aivi ga w`q msev`cjv RbMYi
gZv`k Drcv`b I icviYi Rvivjv f~wgKv cvjb Ki| Avwg wbRi myweav_
GB KvR Avgvì `ki eemv-cavb msev`c c_g Avjvi mvvwnK cwiekbv
bKkvK eQ wbqwQ| c_g Avjvi bKkv-cvZv bvixK Kxfve Dcvcb Ki Zvi
Pnviv Zzj aiv Ges cvkvcvwk GB msev`jv Avmj mgvRi Kvb kYxK cwZwbwaZ
Ki ZviI GKUv wPic dywUq ZvjvB Avgvi GB jLvi g~j Dk| A_vr GKw`K
cyuwRev`x-cyilZvwK gZv`k bKkvi cvZvi bvixi cwiPq wbgvY-Kkj I Abw`K
bKkvi msev`-AvBUgjvK LyuwUq `Lvi ga w`q c_g Avjv cwKvi kYxPwi
DNvUb GB njv Avgvi jLvi `ywU w`K|
Avgvi GK mnKgx GKw`b Avjvc cm ejwQjb, Avgvi eD Zv c_g Avjvi
gjevii bKkvi eo cvVK, bKkv co co m wRwbmc Kb| K_vUv AvgvK
ek fvweqwQj| Zvnj bvixiv Zvì eenvh wRwbmcvwZ mK LuvR-Lei cvq GB
bKkvi cvZvq? hwÌ bKkvi Kv_vI DjL bvB h GwU Kejgv bvixì Rb
mywZv PeZx
171
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 1: ekvL wmZv, bKkv260, cv 4, 13B Gwcj 2004
cwiewkZ nq| wK nvq! cvVK gvB wbqB j KiQb h bKkvi cvZvq bvix-gyLB
ewk cvavb cvq| GUvI GB evRvwi-cyuwRev`x-cyilZvwK wgwWqviB Pvj hLvb bvixK
cY evwbq AwaK gvvq wew Kiv hvq| Pjyb Avi K_v bv evwoq Avgiv Lv` bKkvi
cvZvjvK Dcv `wL:
bvix-viì BgR-Mvgvi KvR jvwMq cwKvi wewevv

bKkvi fZii Wvbw`Ki myez mgxcly-i cvZvq cbi w`b Ai wbqwgZfve Avgiv
h `yRb bvixi gyL `L _vwK Zviv njb mviv hvKi I Zvivbv nvwjg| mviv hvKi I
Zvivbv nvwjg `yRbB Avgvì `ki bvgx-`vgx-Rbwcq Awfbq-KjvKvi| hwÌ Zvivbv
nvwjg GKRb AvBbRxexI eU| cvVKiv Zvì wewfb mgmvi K_v ZvìK Rvwbq
wPwV jLb Avi Zviv mBme mgmvv cvVKì mgmvi mgvavb `b| fvjv K_v|
gvbyl hLb Kvbv mgmvq Mfxifve wbgwZ nq ZLb m Abi KvQ mvnvhmnhvwMZv-civgk PvBZB cvi| wK aygv `ki bvgx-`vgx vi ejB wK mviv
hvKi cvVKì mKj mgmv `~i Kivi Gwqvi ivLb? wZwb hw` nZb Kvbv
gbvwekl ZvnjI GKUv K_v wQj| AvRKvj gvbyl wbRì RwUj bvbvwea gvbwmK
mgmv wbq nvwRi nb gbvwevbxì P^vi| kixii gZv gbiI KLbv KLbv
wPwKrmvi ìKvi co| wK aygv wgwWqv-vi njB Kx gvbyli bvbvb UvBci mgmvi
gbMov mgvavb `qv hvq? GKw`K _K GUv Zv LyeB `vwqZnxb KvR| viiv GfveB
cvVK-`kKK wbq wbZw`b wQwbwgwb Ljb cwKvi cvZvq Avi cwKvIqvjvivI
mywZv PeZx
172
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 2: mvuZvi gvbB 100 fvM wdUbm, bKkv258, cv 4, 30k gvP 2004
viì cyuwR Ki Kxfve ePvwew Kib Zvi GKUv PgrKvi `v GB myez mgxcly
Kjvg| Abw`K, cbi w`b Ai Ai Zvivbv nvwjgI cvVKi DwKj wnmve c_g
Avjvi cvZvq nvwRi nb| cvVKì AvBbMZ wewfb mgmvi mgvavb `b| Zvivbv nvwjg
wbR IKvjwZ Kib, AvBbi AbK RwUj welqi mgvavb wbq bKkvi cvZvq Zvi
DcwwZ AbKUv hywhy| wK j Kievi gZv welq njv bKkvi GB cvVKi DwKj
nq wbqwgZ h `yRbi Qwe `Lv hvq Zviv bvix Ges Aviv jYxq welq njv bKkvi
cvZvq bvix gWj-Awfbxi QweB AvMvMvov cvavb cvq| cyili DcwwZ _vKjI
bvixi Zyjbvq Zv PvL ek KgB co|
icbKkvq Mviwbqvi I dqvi Av jvfwj mgvPvi

bKkvi wbqwgZ AvqvRb icbKkv I Zvi Wvbcvk _vK dqvi Av jvfwj wgi
Qwe w`q Niv QvU ev (Qwe1, Qwe2 Ges Qwe4 Gi wbPi Aski gvSLvb ev Wvb
w`K e j Kib)| nVvr Ki GB dqvi Av jvfwji wgi cwgbU Qwe `L gb
mywZv PeZx
173
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 3: PgrKvi Nyg ìKvi? bKkv252, cv 4, 17B deqvwi 2004
nZ cvi Gi ga eywS GB wg-msv LeivLeiB AvQ| gRvi evcvi njv, dqvi

Av jvfwji wgi wevcb-evwUZ wbqwgZ ic wekl KvwbR Avjgvm Lvb `ni
cwiPhv-welqK wUcm& w`q _vKb; Avi GB msev` cwZwbwaZ Ki dqvi Av jvfwji
wgi gZv welv wgi, hv gvbyli ZK dimv Kivi Dwmjvq ZKi gvivZK qwZ Ki _vK| Avi h wgi wevcb bvixK KyrwmZ eYev`x wnme Dcvcb Ki
Gnb wgi wevcb c_g Avjvi bKkvi cvZvi wbqwgZ AvBUg wnme cwiMwYZ
nq| cmZ DjL h, c_g Avjv cwKvi g~j cvZvq gvS gvS bvix-welqK wKQy jLv
PvL co hjv cvV Kij gb ne h GB cwKvwU bvixi cwZ elgnxb AvPiY
Ki| GLvb weklfve ejv ìKvi h wevcb bvixK hfve GKck cyilZvwK
avbaviYvi ga w`q Dcvcb Kiv nq _vK GBme iZc~Y welq wbqI c_g Avjv
cwKvwU gv_v Nvgvq Avevi GKB cwKv ZK dimv Kivi wevcbI Zvo-Rvi cPvi
Ki, GgbwK Lei-Gi QekI| Avevi icbKkvi AvBUgi GKUz Ici cwZw`bB
mywZv PeZx
174
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
`Lv hvq djvI Ki

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Dcii Ask j Kib)|
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ejer
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bq| GBme msev` Avmj
Kx cPvi Ki? kixiK
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weklZ bvix-kixiK
cv 4, 27k Gwcj 2004
AvKlYxq Ki Zvjvi
bvbvb UvBci wUcm&B mLvb ewk cvavb cvq| GBme msev` coZ coZ gb nq
cw_exZ wbRK `vgx-`vgx AvBUg w`q mvRvbv Avi Abi KvQ AvKlYxq Ki
Zvjv Qvov bvix-cyili weklZ bvixi Avi Kvbv KvR bvB| GKw`K c_g Avjv
bvix-gywi K_v cPvi Ki AviKw`K bKkvi cvZvq bvixK md fvMev`x `nme^
wnme Mvgvi RMZ Uvb Uvb nq wUK _vKvi vb `vb Ki|
cmZ Avwg cvVKi Rb 22 k Ryb 2004 Gi c_g Avjvi bKkvi 3-Gi
cvZvq cKvwkZ GKUv bvixwelqK msevì cwZ `w AvKlY KiwQ (nvZi KvQ LyuR bvcvIqvZ GB QweUv `qv Mj bv ej `ytwLZ)| dqvi Av jvfjx dvDkb: bvix
cwZfvi weKvk NUvZ wkivbvgavix msev`wU wQj GiKg h wjfvi ev`vm Kvvwb
kivUb nvUji ejig GK msev` mjbi gvag dqvi Av jvfjx dvDkb
cwZvi AvbyvwbK NvlYv `q Ges GB dvDkb bvixi A_bwZK gZvqb Kx Kx
Kgm~wP nvZ wbqQ Zvi wdwiw `q| evcviUv mvgvb GKUz f `Lv hZ cvi|
wjfvi evsjv`ki IqemvBU _K myfve Rvbv hvQ,
mywZv PeZx
175
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 5: SiSi Pzj PvB, bKkv259, cv 4, 6B Gwcj 2004

mvgvwRKfve `vqe Kvvwb wnme wjfvi ev`vm wekgvbi m`h, ZKi hZ Ges evmvevwoi wRwbmc Drcv`b I wecbbi gaB wbRK mxgve ivL bv, eis wbRi c_ ai
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GB `kbi mv_ mwZ iL 15B Ryb 2004-G wjfvi ev`vm ... Dvab KiQ dqvi Av
jvfjx dvDkb; Gi wgkb njv, bvixì A_bwZK gZvqb ...|
... `ki weLvZ bvix-ewZì ga ... Dvabx Abyvb DcwZ wQjb bvix D`vv
mwgwZ evsjv`k-Gi mfvcwZ ivwKqv G ingvb, bvix-AwaKvii cwgbU bZv gvjKv eMg,
mvwnwZK mwjbv nvmb, wkvwe` mywdqv Avng`| ...
... mvwnwZK mwjbv nvmb ejb, bvixK gvbyl wnme Zvi AwZ mwZmwZB Dcjw
KiZ ne ...| Pig KwVb A_bwZK Aevi gaI bvixK Zvi ZKi cqvRbxq hZ nvwmj
Kivi Rb GKUv wb Kqvi wg mieivn Kivi mvnvh Kivi KviYI wZwb GB
KvvwbK abev` Rvbvb| (wjfvi evsjv`k, 2005; gvUv nid eZgvb jLKi)
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m`h ei Ki Avbvi RbI ZK dimv KiZ ne; bvixi AvZwekvm ei Ki Avbvi
RbI ZK dimv KiZ ne wg gL gL! Avi mB wg mieivn Kivi Rb
myweLvZ mymvwnwZK mwjbv nvmb wjfvi ev`vmK abevÌ RvbvQb! Avgvì GB
gnvb bvixewZiv mwZB AZzjbxq! Gfve GKUv Dvabx Abyvb-Gi cZxKi ga
bvixi eemv-D`vM (ivwKqv), bvixi AwaKvi (gvjKv), bvixi mvwnZ (mwjbv), bvixi
mywZv PeZx
176
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
wkv (mywdqv) Ges ZK dimv Kivi

dqvi Av jvfjx wg GKvKvi nq
hvq, Avi evsjv`ki bvixi eZgvb I
fwelZI dimv nq hvq| (è:
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hvM Kib gwZDi ingvbi bvg,
Zvnj Avcbvi ^cc~iYi eevI
nq hve (`Lyb: Qwe 13)| GKB
mwjbv nvmb, GKB gvjKv eMg
GLvbI nvwRi| mv_ AvQb, MxwZ
Aviv mvwdqv Payix ^cc~iYi
wevcbx msv AvWKgi gvwjK|
ZK dimv Kivi wg gvLj bvixi
UvKv-evwo-Rwgi ^cI c~iY nq hve!
Qwe 6: SiSi wdUdvU kixi, bKkv280,
cv 4, 7B mî 2004
Avgvì gvMmmvB cyiviIqvjv
mv`K gwZDi ingvb Zv mK_vB kLvQb Avi, bvixi DbwZ-Dvi Kivi RbB
Zv Zvi cyivi! mwZB G Qwe Avgvì Rb nZvkvRbK|
Avkvi K_v GB h Avgvì cwZekx `k fviZ GK`j bvixKgx (wbwLj fviZ
MYZvwK bvix mwgwZi) GB dqvi Av jvfjxi dimv nIqvi Kv-wgi eYev`x
Gqvinvm wevcbwUi wei `xNw`b Av`vjb KiQb, Zvì wei Av`vjZ
gvgjv KiQb Ges GK chvq bvixì Av`vjbi Pvc co fviZi jvK-mfv GB
dqvi Av jvfjxi dqvibm Kv-wgi eYev`x Gqvinvm wevcbwUi cPvi
e Kivi wb`k w`Z eva nqQ (wewewm-wicvU, 2006)| A_P Avgvì wkwZmPZb bvixiv Gnb wg Kvvwbi Abyvb gngvbi Avmb ^qs Dcwe _K GB
eemv-cwZvbi mv_ GKvZZv NvlYv Kib| cvVK, Avgiv Ggb GK `ytmgq Gm
VKwQ hLvb bvixi Dbqb eemvcYi cZKZv-Kvvwbi cwiPvjKi ee Avi
Avgvì eywRxex bvixì eei ga Kvbv dvivK Kivi Dcvq _vK bv| Icii
msev`wU ZviB GKUv Zvrchc~Y `v| Avi c_g Avjv cwKv h cejfve eemvwbfi
Ges bvixi Dbqb wPvq Pig cyilZvwK ZviI GKUv PgrKvi bwRi cvIqv hvq Gnb
dqvi Av jvfjx dvDkb cwZvi msev` djvIfve cwKvq Qvcvbvi ga w`q|
Qwe gvbB bvixmyiZ

bKkvi cvZvjv GKUz Lqvj KijB `Lv hve GZ bvixi Pnviv-myiZ Kx wecyj
cwigvY c`wkZ nq cyili Zzjbvq| GUvI cuywRev`x-cyilZvwK mgvRiB ewk|
bvixK AvBUg evwbq bvbvfve (dvkb, myìx cwZhvwMZvq, icbKkvq ev AmsL
cYi wevcb) Dcvcb Kivi ga w`q cvVKK AvKlY Kivbvi Pv| Gfve
bvixK Dcvcbi ga w`q mgvR bvix mK cyilZvwK `wfwwUKB PgrKvifve
mywZv PeZx
177
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 7: ewi w`bi cwZ, bKkv268, cv 4, 15B Ryb 2004
Rvwi ivL Avgvì ccwKvjv| cyili gyL bKkvi cvZvq _vKjI bvixi mv_ Zv
KvbvfveB Zzjbxq bq| G-cm icbKkv I dvkb-msevì wKQy AvBUg I Qwe
j Kiv hZ cvi|
icbKkvq gyw`Z Qwe I wkivbvgjv j Kib: ekvL wmZv (Qwe1) ev
muvZvi gvbB 100 fvM wdUbm (Qwe2) wKsev PgrKvi Nyg ìKvi (Qwe3) ev Mig
Nvg `~i (Qwe4) ev SiSi Pzj PvB (Qwe5) wKsev SiSi wdUdvU kixi (Qwe6)
A_ev ewi w`bi cwZ (Qwe7) ev kxZi AvM ZKi hZ (Qwe8) ev kxZ bq
LykwK (Qwe9) A_ev kiZ myì Pzj (Qwe10)| GB welqK msev`jvZ bvixcyil DfqiB Qwe `qv Pj| SiSi wdUdvU kixi Kej bvixì Kvg _vK bv
cyilìI Kvg _vK wKsev muvZvi gvbB 100 fvM wdUbm Kej bvixì ejvZ
chvR bq cyil-ì ejvqI chvR wKsev SiSi Pzj Kej bvixivB Pvq bv cyilivI
Pvq wKsev PgrKvi Nyg Kej bvixi bq cwZUv gvbyliB ìKvi ev ekvL wmZv, ewi
w`bi cwZ, kxZi AvMi ZKi hZ, kiZ myì Pzj wKsev Mig Nvg `~i Kivi
ìKvi co Avevj-e-bvix-cyil mKjiB| A_P Gme msevì mv_ AeavwiZfve
h QwewU kvfv cvq Zv KejB bvixi| G-iKg ARm Qwe icbKkvq `Lv hvq
hjvZ cejfve wjxq-ccvZ weivR Ki| Avmj GBme mvRmv msv
QwejvZ aygv bvixK hy Ki mgvR bvix mK wiIUvBc avbaviYvK
cybircv`b Ki Avi cyilK Gme msevì AvBUg _K `~i iL cyil mKI
cwKv-Iqvjviv cPwjZ gZvi ZK envj ivL| Gfve wgwWqv mgvR bvix-cyili
wef`g~jK AvPiYjvKB cyilZvwK mgvRi DchvMx Ki c`kb Ki| GKB K_v
mywZv PeZx
178
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
bKkvi dvkb-msevì I chvR| ic-bKkvi gZv dvkb-msevì

QwejvZI ewkifvM bvixi gyLB Qvcvbv nq _vK| Avmj bKkvi GB mg icbKkv, dvkbi cvZv GgbwK bKkvi Lv` g~j cvZvZI bvix gWj-viì QweB
ficyi _vK A_vr wgwWqv-eemvq bvixB nq cavb cY hv fvwOq ccwKvjv bvixi
MZvbyMwZK GKck cyil-ZvwK cwZg~wZ wbgvY Ki cwKvIqvjviv gbi myL eemv
Pvjvq Avi mgvRi bvix-cyili AvwacZev`x-wjelgK Aviv kvwbq Zvj|
bKkvi cvZvq bvixi Zzjbvq cyilì Qwe ejZ Mj nvZ Mvbv hvq| cvVK, Pjyb
Gevi `Lv hvK bKkvi msev`jv ewkifvM B Kvb kYxi gvbylì cwZwbwaZ
Ki|
GKzk kZKi Rxebaviv? bv GKzk kZKi eojvKkYxi Rxebaviv?

c_g Avjvi bKkvi g~j cvZvi Wvbw`K jvj eWvi eo eo Ki jLv _vK GKzk
kZKi Rxebaviv| c_g Avjv cwKv GKzk kZKi Rxebaviv ejZ XvjvIfve h h
msev` bKkvi cvZvq cPvi Ki Zv njv GKzk kZKi eojvKkYxi Rxebaviv|
icbKkv, dvkb-msv msev`, cvkvKi wevcb, Ni-bKkvi AvBUg, BZvw`
BZvw` msev`jvi ga w`q Avgiv hv `L _vwK Zv njv G`ki weevb kYxi
RxebvPviYi LeivLei| Icii wkivbvg `qv Qwejvi w`K ZvKvj evSv hvq h
Avmj Avgvì GB Pig eemv-gbvfvevcb ccwKvjv mgvRi wekvjx-eemvqx
kYxKB Kvbv bv Kvbv-fve cwZwbwaZ Ki, abx-kYxi evBi Avgvì h enr
RbmgvR mB mgvRi LeivLei bKkvi cvZvq _vovB cvIqv hvq| Avgvi eo AvMni
welq hnZz bKkvi cvZvi bvixi Pnviv DNvUb Kiv, mw`K _KI `Lv hvq h
bKkvi cvZvq hme bvixi Pnviv Avgiv cwZwbqZ cvB mLvbI mgvRi DPwe
bvixì Rxebhvvi mswZB dzU IV Ges wekvjx bvixì ejvZI cyuwRev`xcyilZvwK avb-aviYvB AvMvMvov mwq _vK| GBme wkivbvgi msev`jv Kx
gvRRv enb Ki Avgvì `ki mvaviY `kKì KvQ? hgb: dvwgwj wbWm
eleiY avgvKv, dvkb cviW dyIIqvs, iv bexb wWRvBbvi wcrRv nvU
mvgyw`K Lvevi, kivUb _vB dji Drme, _vvi ev kxZi cvlvK, kivUb
Rvcvwb-AvgwiKvb Lvevi-`vevi GiKg ARm msevì LvuRLei `ki Kej weevbeemvqx kYxi jvKìB ìKvi co Avi KviI bq| GBme cwKv-Iqvjviv h
`ki RbMYi Rb cwiekb Ki bv GK_v AwaK ejvi cqvRb co bv| mgvRi
eojvK-eemvqx kYxi Rb wbew`Z GBme msevìI GKUv mswZ AvQ Zv njv
`ki RbMYi mvgb GKzk kZKi Rxebaviv ejZ c_g Avjv cwKv cvVKì
mvgb GK wfb mswZ Zyj ai h mswZi m Avgvì wbR^ mswZi Kvbv
mKB bvB Ges cwKvIqvjvivI GB eemvqx-weevb kYx-mswZi msev` AbeiZ
cPvii ga w`q GKzk kZKi AvBwWqvj Rxebaviv ej cvVKi mvgb Gi c
gZv`wkK Pnviv nvwRi Ki| GBmg msev` AbeiZ cPvii ga w`q RbMYK GB
weevb-kYxi mswZi AvPvi-AvPiYjvK Av`k ej RvqR Ki| mgvRi ZiYmywZv PeZx
179
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 9: kxZ bq LykwK, bKkv291, cv 4, 30k bfî 2004
ZiYxì Ici cwKvi GBmg msev` evcK gvvq cfve wevi Ki| Avi c_g
Avjv wbRB Zv Askx`vi-AvqvRK wnmve evsjv`ki wewfb RjvjvZ myìx
cwZhvwMZvi (hgb jv c_g Avjv myìx cwZhvwMZv) AvqvRb Ki _vK hLvb
bvixi kvixwiK m`hB nq cavb evcvi| GKRb bvixi Kvgi-eyK-cU-cvQv BZvwì
Av`wkK cwigvY wbaviYi ga w`q bvixK mB myìx cwZhvwMZvq DxY nZ nq|
Avi GBme myìx cwZhvwMZvi Abyvb bvixìK cU-cvQv-eyK `ywjq `wLq
`kK-wePviKi mvgb Zvì m`hi cixv w`Z nq| AvRKvj Avevi Gi mv_ hy
nqQ Zvi Z_vKw_Z gav-hvPvB, hLvb AmvaviY duvcv me ck Avi ZZvwaK Amvi
me Dii gavex c`kbx NU; Avi, GB gav-c`kbxi g~j Dk wK myìxì
myì Z_v GwjU-AwfRvZ wgwn evPb-DPviYi (Avsjv-evsjv-Avsjv-wnw`-RvZxq)
`vvcb (mymvb iv&j&, 2006)| hwÌ myìx cwZhvwMZvi AvRI g~j cyuwRB njv `n
Ges mgvRi eojvK kYxi cvkvcvwk GLb Mvgi-gd^ji bvixìKI GBme
cwZhvwMZvq AskMnYi Rb w`bivZ wbRì kixi wbq co _vKZ nq| GLb
mywZv PeZx
180
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 10: kiZ myì Pzj, bKkv283, cv 4, 28k mî 2004
myìx cwZhvwMZvi cvkvcvwk myì cwZhvwMZvi AbyvbiI AvjvgZ `Lv hvQ|

GB myìx I myì cwZhvwMZvi gvbB njv wKQy gvbyl kvixwiK-m`hi KviY
evwKì _K Avjv`v Ges hviv GB mg myì wKsev myìxi cPwjZ QKi ga
co bv Zviv nxbgbZvq fvM Ges Zvì AbKB wbRì `nK AvKlYxq Ki
ZyjZ w`bivZ KmiZ Ki Pj| djZ Avgvì ZiY-ZiYxiv gbbi PPv ev` iL
Kejgv `ni cwiPhv wbqB gZ _vK| AvRKvj `Lv hvq Mvgi Kvjv ev kvgjv
gqwUI dqvi Av jvfwj wg gL dmv nIqvi Rb AvcvY Pv Pvjvq| A_vr
Avgvì wgwWqv-mgvRi c_g Avjv cwKv mivmwi GB mg Abyvbi AvqvRb Ki
Gi c RbgZ Mo Zvj| Gfve Avgvì c-cwKvjv myì Avi myìxi QK
KU mgvRi bvix-cyili ga f`vf` Zwi Ki| c_g Avjv wKQyw`b AvM jv
myìx cwZhvwMZv ga w`q `ki wewfb Rjv _K myìx QK Zvjvi D`vM
wbqwQjb| g~jZ wevcb-msvjvi A_vqb GB me cwZhvwMZv AbywZ nq hvi mv_
mywZv PeZx
181
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 11: cvwUb BD MU ` jyK, bKkv262, cv 8, 27k Gwcj 2004
c_g Avjv wbRK PgrKvifve GB me wevcb msvjvi cwZwbwa wnme Zvi

f~wgKv cvjb Ki _vK| GBme wevcb-msvjvB AvRKvj cwKvIjvì Pvjvq Ges
Zvì wbqY Ki| 27k Gwcj c_g Avjv cwKvi bKkvi cvZvq eo Ki cvwUb
BD MU ` jyK 2004, ZiY myìi cwZhvwMZv wkivbvg ek eo Kjei msev` I
Qwe cwiewkZ nqQ (Qwe 11)| GB msev`-mswk QweZ wePviKi Avmb AbKi
mv_ `Lv hvq c_g Avjvi Dcmv`K Avwbmyj nKK| whwb Kejgv mvsevw`KB bb
GKvavi Kwe I cvewKI| GB ZiY myìi cwZhvwMZvi Abyvb c_g Avjv
mywZv PeZx
182
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 12: dqvi Av jvfwj dvDkbi Dvabx Abyvb gvjKv eMg I mwjbv nvmb|
Qwe: wjfvi evsjv`k, 2005
cwKvi Dcmv`Ki Rvivjv DcwwZ AvgvìK GB cwKvi gZv`k AbKLvwb

Ki| ejvevj h GB me Abyvb mgvRi eojvK-eemvqx kYxi D`vMB
cwiewkZ nq Ges mgvRi weevb kYxB GB mKj Abyvbi AbZg aviK I MvnK
wK Gi my`~i cfve mgvRi mKj kYxi ZiY-ZiYxì IciI co|
GKUv K_v ej ivLv Riwi h Kejgv c_g Avjv cwKvi ejvZ GUv chvR
bq Avgvì `ki Acivci eemv-cavb ccwKvi PnvivI GKB gy`vi GwcV Avi
IwcV| Avwg wbR hnZz c_g Avjv cwKv wbqwgZ bvovPvov Kwi Ges c_g Avjv
cwKvwU `k Ryo AbK iKg mgvRKjvYg~jK KvRKgi AvqvRb Kivi ga w`q
Zvi cyuwRev`x-cyilZvwK PnvivwUK Avovj Ki Ges mvaviY cvVK AbK mgqB c_g
Avjvi cKZ ic eySZ cvi bv| mw`K _K Avwg GB cwKvwUK ewk Ki LyuwUq
`LZ PqwQ Ges Avgvi GB `Lv Abì KvQ Zyj aiZ PqwQ G-KviY h
wgwWqvi Avmj icwU Avgvi gZv AbivI hb Lvwj PvLB `LZ cvib Ges GLbv
hviv c-cwKvK wbQK gnr ej fe _vKb Zvì KvQ wgwWqvi GB eemvqxPnvivi wbjcbv LvwbKUv Zyj aiZ ciwQ ejB gb nq| GKUv K_v bv ejjB bq
h Avwg wgwWqvi Qv bB Ges wgwWqv-msv ZvwK covkvbvI Avgvi bvB| wK
GKRb bvix wnme mgvR bvixì h cyilZvwK Pnviv me `LZ cvB Ges wbRI
h GB cyilZvwKZvi NivUvc cwZwbqZ NyicvK LvB Ges GB NivUvc _K ei
nIqvi Pv PvjvB ZviB GKUv Zvobv _K Avwg GB c_g Avjv cwKvi bKkvi
cvZvq cKvwkZ I c`wkZ bvix-msev` Pnvivi Avmj icwU hrwKwr Zyj aiZ PqwQ|
[Dw`mv Bmjvg 13 bs QwewU Zvi ewMZ msMn _K eenvi KiZ w`qwQjb| ZvK AmsL abev`|]
Z_m~
c_g Avjv cwKvi bKkv| 2004-Gi Rvbyqvwi _K wWmî ch|
mymvb iv&j& (2006), m`h Drcv`b (Abyev`: mwjg iRv wbDUb), P`veZx, 1g msLv deqvwi|
wewewm-wicvU (2006), fviZ Zvci gyL dqvi Av jvfjx (Abyev`: kwdDi ingvb wjUz), P`veZx,
mywZv PeZx
183
c`kbi ivRbxwZ
Qwe 13: bKkv 23k Ryb 2004

1g msLv deqvwi|
wjfvi evsjv`k (2005), evsjv`ki bvixì KvQ cuQvQ dqvi Av jvfwj dvDkb, Kvvwbi
IqemvBU, http://www.leverbangladesh.com/ie/news26.html|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
Qwei Drm
GB jLvi wkivbvgi mv_ eeZ QwewU c_g Avjv cwKvi 24k Ryb 2003 ZvwiLi bKkvi 8g cvZv
_K bIqv|
mywZv PeZx
184
c`kbi ivRbxwZ

1g msLv 2006
evab AwaKvix
gmygx fwgKi Mvb: bvixi

Kî wb
ek wKQyw`b AvMi K_v| mvq Kvvmi c_ ai nuU nuU hvi hvi Avvbvq
wdiwQjvg Avgiv KRb ez| mgvRZ, gvwRg, mve-AjUvb, Pgw, mvC`, Avkvev`nZvkvev`, `ki fwelr wbq Zzgyj weZKi gvS nVvrB Avgvì h ezwU wbRK
wbivkvev`x ej cwiPq w`Z ^vQèva Ki m Avbgb Mq IV Avwg bwQ mw`b
Zzwg ...| Avwg IK wRm Kijvg gmygx-i Mvb b Kx gb nq? I Avkvev`x bv
wbivkvev`x? Avkvev` Avi wbivkvevì dg dj gvbylK wePvi Kiv hvq bv mUv
hwÌ Avwg ZLb eySZvg ZeyI ckUv Avwg KiwQjvg | hvK& m K_v| I AvgvK DiUv
w`j GKUz Abfve| ejj Mvbi nZvkv `yiKgi nZ cvi K_vq nZvkv Zv
_vKZB cvi mUv , Avi KLbI KLbI myii gvSB jywKq _vK nZvkv|
Avwg mxZ eywS bv| myi ejv K_vi cwZ gvbyli mnRvZ h AvMn mB AvMni
RvqMv _K Mvb wb| Ze myii gvS h Avjv`v Ki fvlvi LuvR cvIqv hvq m
K_vwU kLv njv mw`b; ezwUi myev`| Zvici AbKw`b KU MQ| Avwg gmygxi
myii fvlvK eySZ Pv Ki MwQ| Ze Avgvi ezwUi gZv Ii myi Avwg nZvkv LuyR
cvB wb, cqwQ GK `yevi AvKvvi LuvR| gbylmvi AvRb wgwjZ nevi h AvKvv
mB AvKvviB AbyiYb hb gmygxi myi| Mvbi myi Avi K_vi ga eywS ev Kvb
f` _vKZ bB| gmygxi MvbI ewZg bq| Iui Mvbi K_vjvi gaI GKB m
wgwjZ nevi AvKvvK cqwQ Avwg| nZvkv mLvb AvQ, AekB AvQ Ges
cKUfveB AvQ| Ze Zvi PqI ewk AvQ nZvkvK AwZg Kievi GK `yevi
AvKvv| c_ Rvbv bB wK c_i Rb cv_bv AvQ|
gmygxi MvbK Avgvi KvQ bvixi Kî ej gb nqQ| bvixi Kî Zv Avgiv
Lye GKUv bZ cvB bv| cyilZvwK mgvR cyili Ki cej Zvc bvixi K e
A _K hvq| Avevi KLbI KLbI bvixi KI cyiliB î cwZwbwaZ Ki|
(cvVK, ej wbwQ bvixi K ejZ Avwg bvix-mvi cwZwbwaZKvix KK evSvwQ
Ki DPîK evSvB wb|) wK gmygx fwgK Zuvi bvixmvi RvqMv _KB K_v
ejb Avgvì m Mvbi gvag| GKRb bvix Zvi AvKvvK mPivPi cKvk KiZ
cvi bv| gmygx fwgK cvib| LyeB fvjvfve cvib| gmygxi bvixmv Avcvm
KiZ Pvq bv GB cyil-kvwmZ mgvRi m| gvbyl wnme GKRb bvixi gbylmvi
evab AwaKvix
185
gmygxi Mvb
gywgyLxbZvi AvKvvi K_v Ki cwZwbwaZ Ki gmygxi Mvb| gvbyl Zv

RbMZfveB ^vaxb ^vaxb Zvi AvKvvi w`K _K wKsev ejZ cvwi gbi w`K
_K| Kvb kKj, Kvb cwZeKZv, Kvb euvab-B m gvbZ Pvq bv| wbavwiZ mxgvbvi eb wQb Ki m eivei QyU MQ Ab mxgvbvq| Kvb Zi dg djB AvRI
ZvK gvcv hvq wb mwVKfve| Kvb gbwe` AvRI mwVKfve Zvi gbi LuvR KiZ
mg_ nq wb| mewKQyi Ea DV m KejB ^vaxbZvi mxgvK cmvwiZ Kievi jovB
Pvwjq MQ| GKRb gvbyli gbi K_v, Zvi AvKvvi K_v cyili KvQ _K Avgiv
bZ cjI bvixi gyL _K Lye GKUv bZ cvB bv| wK gmygx GB cyil-kvwmZ
mgvR ùvwoqI kvwYZ K Mq IVb
cvwL Do Do hvq Kv_vq
Avgvi gb cvwL nq hZ Pvq...
[cvwL Do Do hvq Kv_vq; Gvjevg: Nievwni Kwi]
gmygx fwgKi Mvbi K`xq Pwi mgq| we`gvb mgq Ges mgvR-eveZvK wNi
GKRb bvixi Zvi _KI ewk GKRb gvbyli wPv-PZbv-Rxebhvcb Kxfve
AvewZZ nq ZviB weeiY gmygxi Mvb| cuywRev`x-evRvigyLx-gybvdvevR mgq gbylmvi
Pig AegvbbvKi cwiwwZK gmygx nvwRi Kib Zvi Mvb
GB mgqi eyK Z Rg AvQ
knii eyK Z Rg AvQ
wKQy `wL wKQy `LZ cvB bv|
AvKvkUv eo gNKvjv wQj
Rvbjv LyjZ gyL fvOPvjv
gNKvjv Zey ew bvg bv
AvKvk GLb Kuv`Z Rvb bv|
AvKvki eyK Z Rg AvQ
mgqi eyK Z Rg AvQ
ivv PjQ ivvi Qj
nvZ aiv AvQ `ygovbv evwU
KzKzii gZv cvq cvq Pj
NvbNvb myi GKB K_v ej|
QjUvi eyK Z Rg AvQ
evwUUvZ Rvwb Z Rg AvQ
ivvi avi ivZ RvMv gq
cgnxb c_ Nyi Nyi gi
gyL nvwm ZvZ ivZ hZ evo
evab AwaKvix
186
gmygxi Mvb

fvjvevmv eP Ni wdi Pj|
gqUvi VuvU Z Rg AvQ
kixii fuvR eyK Z Rg AvQ
wKQy `wL wKQy `LZ cvB bv
evRvii gvo eyov dwiIqvjv
mgqi `vl c_ c_ Nvi
GKw`b `wL gyLvk co m
KvMRi GK evN nq MQ|
evNi gyL Z jLv AvQ
kixii `vM Z Rg AvQ
[Z, ^c `Le ej]
GB ZjviB GK GKUv eYbv DV Avm gmygxi Mvb| Z-bvgK Mvbi ivvi h

gqwU cgnxb cw_exZ cg-fvjvevmv wew Ki mB gqwUi K_v Aviv Ki
gmygx ej Pjb Zvi dzUcv_i gq Mvb| dzUcv_i gqi Aev Z_v wecbZv,
mvgvwRK Aevb Ges Zvi fwelr cRbK wNi gmygxi e`bv-evai cvej myiK_vq-MvqKxZ GK cQb welvì w`K Ub wbq hvq AvgvìK
c_i Dci Kvji KvQ
PvL eyR h Nywgq AvQ
wbqb Avjvq ivv fvm
Nygi ga mI nvm
ZviI cvq Avjv co
Avjv ZvK Rwoq ai
Zzwg ZvK Rwoq ai gq
I Qv Zvgvi gq
KvjK m fq cq
LuyRe Avovj ìRv `qvj
Qv Zvgvi gq
I dzUcv_i gq|
[dzUcv_i gq; ^c `Le ej]
wSK& wSK& wSK& wSK& Ub Pj| gmygxi Mvbi GB PjZ _vKv Ub wK Pjgvb cuywRev`x
mgvR? jxcyRvi QywU| cyRv-UzRv gmygx gvbb bv| kni Qo gmygx Pj hvb
AbKv_vI| wK cyRvZ XvK evRvZ Avmv me XvKx evqbv cve wK bv Zv wbq wPwZ
_vKb gmygx| cvwZvwbK agi Lvmj gmygx AvNvZ Kib Gfve
jx Mo hviv mviv eQi ai
jx Mj Zvi Ab Avm Ni
evab AwaKvix
187
gmygxi Mvb

jx Mj Zvi fvZi _vjv fi
jx Mj Zvi jx Avm Ni|
[jx cyRv; ZzwgI wPj nI]
msLvjNy weklY wekwlZ gvbyljvi KiY AvwZ dzU IV msLvjNy bvgi Mvb|
evsjv`k I fviZi wn`y-gymjgvbK Dcv`vb wnme eenvi Ki wZwb Avgvì gb
Qwoq `b, msLvjNyZi gbve`bv| wn`y-gymjgvb cwiPqK Qvwcq gvbyli Kvbvi
awb cwZawbZ nq Zuvi Mvb
Kv_vq hb gvbyl Kuv`
Kv_vq hb Kuv`Q nvq
gvbyl eo fq cqQ
gvbyl eo wbtmnvq
[msLvjNy; ZzwgI wPj nI]
WvK Avm| Zvgvi bv jLv wPwV Avm bv Avme bv| hy-hyweivax wgwQj,
KuvUvZvii mxgvbv `ytmn hYv| gmygx euvPZ Pvb| MvbK Avnvb Kib Gfve
Mvb Gmv, Mvb Gmv, Mvb Gmv
Mvb Gmv, Mvb Gmv
GKjv Avuavi Ni Gmv Zzwg cg nq
cg hw` bv nI
^c `LvI Zzwg
^c bv w`Z cviv
`ya-cvov NvY nqv
iv` cvov Rvgv Avi
cvov `n `k nqv ......
[WvK Avm; Nievwni Kwi]
wK Mvb-I AvnZ nq| Mvbi kixi-I invB cvq bv Pjgvb ekv-mgqi nvZ _K|
ZvB gmygx Acwimxg K DPviY Kib
Avnv
wj jvM Mvbi kixi|
[WvK Avm; Nievwni Kwi]
eqm evov gvbB eywSev mgvRi wel-wbwl nIqv| eqm evov gvbB gvMZ gbylmvi
mv_ cZviYv KiZ kLv| eqm evov gvbB evwni Avi fZii f` evovZ _vKv|
AvcvmK i KiZ kLv wbRK mgqi mv_ gvwbq bqv| ZvB cRbi KvQ
evab AwaKvix
188
gmygxi Mvb
gmygxi Avnvb
ZvK fvM w`B Avgvi eo nevi e_v
ZvK ej è Avgvi Mvcb hZ K_v
GBme Avwg ZvK è
Zvi Qjejv Zvi KvQ _K Pq be|
[ZviB Rb; Nievwni Kwi]
GKvKxZi hYvi cvej gmygxi Mvb GK Acwimxg e`bv-eva wbq nvwRi nq| GB
cY-ePv-Kbvi hyMi nvIqv Zxii gZ we Ki gmygxK| cg-ezZ-ggZv-mnfvjevmvnxb mgq GB hevR A NyY aiv mgvRi ga ùvwoq GKRb bvix mgqi
mvZ wbRK e Amnvq gb Kib| Mq IVb
GK GKUv w`b eo GKv jvM
Nyg PvL gj `wL fvi bB AvR
fvjv Ki mKvjUv cvIqv nq bv|
[GK GKUv w`b; ^c `Le ej]
GB GKvKxZi e`bvK Avgiv Kx eje? wbivkvev` wKsev nZvkvev`? bv, Avwg Zv gb

Kwi bv| hvi ga GKvKxZi eva _vK bv, Zvi ga wgwjZ nevi AvKvv _vKZ
cvi Kx? Avmj GKvKxZi e`bvK Dcjw Kiv gvbB Zv wgwjZ nevi AvKvv|
nZvkv AvQ ejB Zv gvbyl Avkvev`x| we`gvb mgvR eev mK GKRb gvbyl hw`
nZvkv e Ki Ze wK Avgvì GUvB evSv DwPZ bq h GB mgvR eev _K
DiYi Avkv m gb gb cvlY Ki? gmygxi MvbI GKB evcviUv NUZ _vK|
GKw`K we`gvb cwiwwZK wNi Zxe nZvkv Avi Abw`K cwiwwZ _K DiYi
AvKvvK m wbq gmygx Mq Pjb Zvi GK GKwU Mvb| GB `y:mgqI GB nZvkvi
mgqI Zv gvbyl cg Ki, msMvg Rvwi ivL, w`b-e`ji ^cK eyK aviY Ki nuU
Pj my`xN c_| gmygx GìKB Avnvb Kib Zuvi Mvb
Avwg bwQ Zvgiv bvwK GLbI ^c `L
GLbI M wjL, Mvb MvI cvY-fi
gvbyli euvPv-giv GLbI fvweq Zvj
Zvgvì fvjevmv GLbI Mvjvc duvU
Avv nvivbv GB gb wbq Avwg AvR
Zvgvì KvQ Gm `ynvZ cZwQ
Avwg `yPvLi Mni k~bZv `wL ay
ivZ-Nyg Avwg Kvb ^c `wL bv
ZvB ^c `Le ej Avwg `yPvL cZwQ
ZvB Zvgvì KvQ Gm `ynvZ cZwQ|
evab AwaKvix
189
gmygxi Mvb

[^c `Le ej; ^c `Le ej]
Ze Kb ^c `LZ mskqx nb gmygx fwgK? Kb Avv nvwiq djb wZwb? myìmZ-mvg-mvgwKZvi AvKvv Kb b nq hvq Zuvi? Zvi DiI Zvi wbRi RvqMv
_K `qv AvQ Zuvi Mvb| ivRbwZK cwigj gZv-jxv Avi ^v_ciZvi mKiY
eveZv DV Avm Zuvi Mvb
Avwg LuyRwQ Avwg LuyRwQ Zvgvi wVKvbv
AwjMwj Nyi Kv Zey Zvgvq cvwQ bv
...
GZ k GZ wPrKvi Zey wK wb`viY `b
GKB kvMvb bvbv M, Zzwg Kv_vq wQj Abb
[Abbi LuvR; ZzwgI wPj nI]
GB AbbK LuyR bv cvevi e`bveva nZvkvi vqx ic cvq fvMwjLb bvgi Mvb
Gm| jvj wbkvb-Amgv wece-mgvRZi cZb mewKQy wgj mgvR-cwieZbi ^c
_K wePyZ nb gmygx fwgK| GLb Kvb wKQyB ARvbv bB Zvi Ggb `vwe Kib|
AbiKg nevi evmbv _K wbRK mwiq AvbZ eva nq Pvi-`qvji LuvPvq h
e`xZ mB e`xZi gvSB wbRK mgwcZ Kib| ej IVb
AbK njv `qvj wjLb
jvjKvwjZ bxj jLv
GLb eis ZvweR-KeR
fvMwjLb coZ kLv|
[fvMwjLb; ZzwgI wPj nI]
cvVK, fe `Lyb Zv GKwUevi Kb GB ^c-weP~wZ? 40 eQi hy Kivi ciI Zv

wfqZbvgevmx nZvk nq bv| ^vaxbZvK cwZwZ Ki Qvo| BivK-AvdMvwbvbcvjvBb-nvBwZ wKsev SvoLi Rjii cwZiva jovB Zv PjZB _vK| gmygx
wK m-mei LuvR ivLb bv ! Kb Ze wwZ H ZvweR-KeR? KviY mgvR-cwieZbi
jovB _K wbRK mwiq wbjI Zuvi Zgb wKQy hvq Avm bv| jvj Kvwj jvj wbkvb
Zuvi KvQ GKwU ivgv wnmeB Mwe _vK eva Kwi| euP _vKevi jovB bv| ZvB
gmygx fwgK mgqi KvQ wbRK muc w`Z cvib ^c-cg-msMvgi RvqMv _K
mwiq wbZ cvib wbRK| mxgvnxb nZvkvq wbgwZ nq mLvb _K DviYi
msMvg _K wbRK mwiq wbZ cvib, ejZ cvib
GZ eo XD GZ QvU Avwg
mgqi mvZ fm Pj hvB|
evab AwaKvix
190
gmygxi Mvb

[hLbB GKUz QywU cvB; Nievwni Kwi]
Kb fm Pj hvb wZwb? fm Pj Mj wZwb WyeQb bv ZvB| nuv, Avgvi ZvB gb

nqQ| GB h mgqi mvZ GB LimvZ mevB fvmZ cvi wK? cvi bv| cviv me
bv| gvMZ cKwUZ nIqv ab-elg Avi gZv-kwi K`xfeb gvbylK eva KiQ
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BBC NEWS: India debates 'racist' skin cream ads, http://newswww.bbc.net.uk/2/hi

/south_asia/3089495.stm. Published: 2003/07/24 00:47:17 GMT (Retrieved on 14
November 2005).
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ci Zuvi jLv Aveviv wbwl Kiv nq| GZ`mZI wZwb KLbv ivwkhv Qo Pj hvbwb| vwjb
miKvii mvewYK wblYi wkKvi nq, jLv cKvki mg myhvMewZ nq Ges GK
wecbK k wnme cwiMwYZ nq AvLgvZvfv GK KVvi I KwVb Rxebhvcb KiZ _vKb;
wK, Abw`K, Zuvi c_gw`Ki KweZvi KviY mvaviY gvbyli KvQ wZwb A^vfvweK Rbwcq
nIqvq GgbwK vwjbI ZuvK mivmwi AvgY _K weiZ _vK|
Zuvi k KweZv kvKv (Requiem) GKw`K Zuvi ewRxebi GBme `ytLivwR
Ges Abw`K vwjbev` wc mgM ik RbMYi Ki `wjj weklfve AvLgvZvfvi
mgfvMx bvixì `ytL-hYv I AmnvqZi G GK Amn-myì wkwZ Mv_v| GB KweZvwUi
AvfixY wk-m`hi Ave`b Aviv ekx, Aviv ZxeZi nq DV GB KviY h
AvLgvZvfvi Rxekvq (1966 mvj wZwb gviv hvb) KweZvwU KLbv cKvwkZ nZ cviwb|
AvLgvZvfvi gZzi AbK ci mvwfqZ eevi cZbi mgq 1987 mvj c_g m~Y
cKvki myhvM cvq KweZvwU|
2
KweZvwUi evsjv Abyevì welq `yGKwU K_v ejZB nq ewMZ KwdqZ wnme| Avgvi ik
fvlvi h `yGKwU k-cwiwPwZ AvQ Zv w`q AvLgvZvfv Abyev` Pj bv| ZvB AvgvK wbfi
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
207

KiZ nqQ g~jZt BsiwR Abyevì Dci| G Avwg Pv KiwQ `ywU Avjv`v BsiwR
Abyev` mvgb iL Zvì cvivwiK Zzjbvi wfwZ evsjvq Abyev` Kievi| mB A_, GwU
AvLgvZvfvi Abyev` bq, eis ZuvK `ywU BsiwR Abyev` hfve cvIqv hvq ZviB GK mgw^Z
evbyev`|
Abyev`K
kvKv
bq Kvb ci`kx AvKvki bxP,
bq Kvb ci`kx iYx Avkq,
wbR`k, wbRvkq fvMjx KiwQj cwiZvM,
^`ki ^Rbiv nqwQj G `ytLi fvMx|
[1961]
f~wgKvi cwieZ
BqRf mvmi eQiwjZ
jwjbMv`-e`xì wbZ mvwiZ
Anwbk Acvq mZiUv gvm|
GKw`b nVvr GK bvix
Vvvq bxj VuvU, Amn kvwZ wQUK cov,
hv wQj mvweK Aev Avgvì,
Avgvi Kvbi KvQ gyL iL ejwQj,
KD wK KLbv cvi Gmei eYbv w`Z?
Avwg wbwZ Rxeb m Kvbw`b
kvbwb Avgvi bvg| Avi ZvB
Avwg ZvK ejjvg, Avvwg cvwi| wVK mB Y
nvwmi gZb wKQy Lj Mj GZY
hv wQj KejB GK mvaviY gyL|
[Gwcj 1, 1957| jwjbMv`|]
DrmM
G `ytL ceZ Mj hvq,
_g hvq LimvZv b`x;
wK e`x wkweii ìRv Lvj bv
Kq`x Ki Zvjv my`p fxlY,
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
208
Avi GB e`bvwZ gZzi AZ KvQvKvwQ|

Kvgj we evqy eq, big m~hv
Kviv Rb eq Avb wm DZv;
Avgiv Zv mme Rvwb bv| ay Rvwb
Pvwei NlY k, NY KKk
Avi mbì fvix cvqi AvIqvR|
fvi nuU, hb Kvb cfvZ-cv_bvq,
fvi nuU, cjvc-ivRavbx, cK`-gZ,
Avgiv mvvr cve ... gZi; Avi m~h
gkt nj co; bfvb`x gkt Kzqvkv:
my`~i AbKvj Zey evR Avkvi mxZ|
ivq`| ZrYvr Kvbvi cveb,
Zvici GKvKxZ mgMUv Ryo,
hb duo djv GK w`Z `q,
wKsev fxlY Nvq eei cZb;
ZeyI m nuU hvq, wavw^Z, GKv|
Zvgiv Kv_vq me AwbQyK eziv
kwbM `yeQi mme eziv?
`LQv wK èjxjv mvBeixq wngSvq?
`LQv wK Kc gixwPKv Kvb Puvì cfvq?
Zvgiv MnY Kiv Avgvi cYwZ, Avi Avgvi we`vq|
m~Pbv
GUv NU, hLb gZiv
gywi Avb` nvm,
jwjbMv` Szj _vK Mvi` Mvi`,
A_nxb cZxKi gZ SvcUvq cZvKv|
RvnvRi euvkx evR, Zx KKk,
msw we`vqi Mvb
hYvq wPsk e`xì cwZ
hLb mvwie nuU hvq Zviv
gZzMn Avgvì Ki Mvm,
Avi igvLv eyU Avi Kvjv Kvjv
gvwiqvi1 Uvqvii bxP
wbvc ivwkqv gylo hvq|
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
209
GK
ZvgvK wbq Mj Lye fvi| Avi Avwg
nuvUjvg wcQy wcQy hb ke`ni wgwQj|
wkiv Kuv`wQj AKvi Ni| Kuc DVwQj gvgevwZ
gv gixK AvjvwKZ Ki ...
Zvgvi VuvU g~wZI kxZjZv; gZz-wng Nvg
Zvgvi Kcvj ... KLbvB fyje bv Avwg|
AvZbv` AvZbv` Rov ne
gwjbi `~McvKvii bxP
gZ j&Z&wmì2 xì mv_|
[1935| ng| gv|]
`yB
wbtk eq Pj `b
nj` Puv` wbjK kv `, ZxhK UzwcZ Zvgvi
Zvgvi cQvqv `L Mvi` Awj`
fxlY Amy; Avi fxlY wbtm;
Aviv `L q GK bvix,
Rj e`x Qj Zvi, ^vgx Zvi gZ|
Zvi Rb Kiv Mv cv_bv|
wZb
Avwg bB, hb Ab KD wbcwZZ,
G hYv Avgvi Amva|
Kvjv e XK `vI hv wKQz NUQ me,
Zvici wbf hvK Avjvi gkvj ...
ivw|
Pvi
Kjnvm iwcq, mKji wcqcvx, `yfvebvnxb
Rvii mjvi3 cvcx, hw` ay RvbZ Zzwg
Kx NUe Zvgvi Rxeb hw` RvbZ
wZbk bî Zzwg zki4 Qvqvq _wj nvZ
_vKe ùvovq Avi Zvgvi D Ak
beeli eid Mjve|
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
210
Mviì ccjviwj mvgb wcQ bo knxb

KZ AMwbZ
wbvc Rxeb Pj hvq ...
[1938]
cuvP
mZiwU gvm ai AvZbv` AvZbv`
WKwQ Zvgvi Ni div|
KmvBqi c`Zj wbRK KiwQ bZRvby
Avgvi mvb Zzwg, Avgvi AvZ|
mewKQz Mvjgvj nq MQ Zvici
GLb Avi eySZ cvwi bv
K gvbyl, Kev R; Avi KZ `xNKvj
GKwU cvYì Rb Pje Acv|
GLb Kej AvQ aywj`xY dzj,
aybywP Sbvr k, c_wP
Kv_v nZ i nq bwZZ wgjvq|
Avi GK AwZKvq wekvj b
wbjK PvL ivL PvL
Zxe `Z wbtkli AvZ Qovq|
[1939]
Qq
w`bwj wK fxlY `Z cvi nq,
KLb wK NU hvq eySZ cvwi bv|
Zvgvi Mvi`K, n cy Avgvi,
ivZ DvwmZ, CMji
cwjZ `w-bvq Zvi PvL
we Zvgvi zk; Avi cyYivq
Zvgvi gZz wbq AvjvPbv|
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
211
mvZ
ivq`
ci-ki gZ DPviY,
Zvi AvNvZ _gK hvIqv Avgvi `q|
hwÌ cZ Avwg `xNw`b,
Avi ZvB Kvbfve wVKB mq wbe|
AvRK Avgvi nvZ e KvR;
nZv KiZ ne AvR mg wZK,
AvZvK evbvZ ne RgvU cv_i,
Zvici wkLZ ne wbRKB
Avevi bZzb Ki euvPevi wb`vb ...
wK Kxfve?
Avgvi Rvbjvq Lj D Mx
Drmei gZ;
AbK AvMB wQj c~evfvm Pbv
Dj w`bi ga cwiZ Mn|
[Ryb 22, 1939| MxKvj| dvbvB `g5 (dvDUBb nvDm)]
AvU
gZzi cwZ
Zywg Zv AvmeB Ze Kb bq GB Y?
ZvgviB cZxvq Avwg; Avi Zv cvwi bv|
Zvgvi RbB Avwg wbwfqwQ me Avjv,
w`qwQ ìRv Lyj weqKi mnRZvq|
h ic Zvgvi Lywk, Pj Gmv|
wevwiZ nI Zzwg welv Mvmi kj,
wKsev XvK wbtk avivjv A nvZ
Af WvKvZ; wKsev hw` PvI
UvBdvm wbtmiY welvv Kiv Zzwg
Avgvi kixi; wKsev cwiwPZ
M duv`v (mevi hv RvMvq weewglv)
Avi AvgvK wbq hvI
bxj Uzwc cwiwnZ Kgvvii KvQ
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
212
wKsev `LZ `vI kvmKi mv`v gyL AvZwZ|

wKQz Avi civqv Kwi bv| Bqwmwb b`x
N~YveZ, aeZviv Rj|
`q wbsovbv fvjevmvi m PvL
nvivq Zvi bxj cfv Avi
Ub `q hewbKv kl gnvZ|
[AvM 19, 1939| dvbvB `g|]
bq
Avgvi AaKvZv Qq wbqQ
DbZvi Wvbv
Avi AwMf myivq KiQ DbvZvj
Mnb AZji w`K cjvwfZ|
wbRi K_vB wb Ab Kviv cjvci gZ,
eySZ cvwi ZviB Rq ne|
Avgvi cv_bv-wfv, AbyhvM
meB wbj
Kvb wKQzB m wè bv wbZ mv_:
Avgvi cyi PvL kv-RvMvwbqv
wkjxf~Z hYvmKj,
Sv-So kl nIqv
Zxe AvZi w`bwj,
wKsev Mvi` Zvi mvvZi Y,
wg kxZjZv Zvi nvZi Quvqvq,
wKsev DwM Qvqv evZvwc jeyi;
`~ivi A k
mvbvi kl K_vwj|
[g 4, 1940| dvbvB `g|]
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
213
`k
zkgZz
Avgvi Rb Ku`v bv, gvMv,
Avwg Zv Kei euP AvwQ|
1
mB gnvYi wZZ è`~Zi Kvivm

mg ^M Mj zwji aviv|
ejjv wcZvK m: Zzwg Kb cwiZvM KiQv Avgvq?
wK gvZvK ej: Ku`v bv Avgvi Rb ...
[1940| dvbvB `g|]
2
gvM`vjbv eyK Pvco Kuv`,

wcq wklMY me nq MQ vby;
wK mvnm Ki KD `L bv
gv ùvwoq AvQ GKv wbj wbzc|
[1943| ZvmL`|]
Dcmsnvi
1
Avwg Rvwb KZfve gvbyli gyLi cZb,

bZPvL wK fxlY AvZ Qovq,
Kxfve hYv Kuy` Kcvj Kcvj
wbzi KxjK wP|
Avwg Rvwb KNb Pyji mvi
Kxfve nVvr mv`v nq|
Avwg wPwb civf~Z VuvUi Dci
gkt wejxqgvb nvwm,
duvcv nvwmi K` Kgvb fq|
ZvB wbRi Rb Kvb cv_bv Kwi bv,
wbzi Vvvq Avi RyjvBqi Amn Mig
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
214
m fxlY A jvj `qvji bxP

hviv ùvwoqQv Acvq
Zvgvì Rb ay Avgvi G cv_bv|
2
gZK iY Kivi w`b GmQ Avevi|

`LZ cvB, bZ cvB, k KiZ cvwi h ZvgvK:
m ZvgvK hvK Iiv Ub wnuPo wbqwQj Rvbvjvi KvQ;
hvi Avi cvqi bxPi mB cwiwPZ gvwUi ki eva wQj bv wKQzB|
nVvr DuwPq gv_v ejwQj:
GLvb GmwQ Avwg, hb evwo cuQvjvg|
GK GK Zvgvì bvg ejZ PvB, wK bvgi ZvwjKv
evRqv nq MQ, Avi Kvb c_ bB mjv Rvbvi|
GB me RxY, `xY kvewj w`q
eywbqwQ Avwg GB ck kevQv`b|
iY ivLe Avwg meUzKz, meLvb, mZZ-me`v,
GgbwK bZzb Kvb `ytLi gvSI|
hw` Zviv muvovwk w`q RyZ `q Avgvi G hYv-RxY gyL
h gyL KiQ GKv `k KvwU gyLi PxrKvi;
Ze mfveB hb nq Avgvi iY
Avgvi G iYi w`b|
Kvbw`b hw` GB `k
Avgvi iY Kvb wZ IV
m Drme iq Mj Avgvi mwZ
aygv GB kZ
ne bv m Kvb mgyì avi
hLvb Avgvi Rb mgyì mv_
Avgvi hv wKQz Mw wQb nq MQ;
wKsev Rvii cvK cwe cvBb uwoi KvQ
AZ cQvqv GK LuyR di mLvb AvgvK;
m nvK GBLvb
hLvb ùvwoq AvwQ wZbk NUvi ekx
wK KD `qwb Lyj Avgvi ìRv|
b ivL mewKQz, Kbbv KLb
kvwgq gZz Gm nqZv fywjq è
Kvjv gvwiqvi k; wK Zxe NYvq
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
215
ìRv ei avv; evi Mjvq

AvnZ ci gZ AvZPxrKvi|
wbj ZvgvU GB PvLi cvZvq
Akavivi gZ Mj eid eq hvK
WK hvK NyNy cvwL `~i Kvb e`xkvjvq
ckv RvnvRwj eq hvK cvj Zzj bfvb`x ai|
[gvP, 1940| dvbvB `g|]
Abyev`Ki UxKv
1 GK aibi cywjk fvb|
2 1698 mvj wcUvi ` MUi wei h mbiv we`vn KiwQj| Zvì AwaKvskKB nZv Kiv nq, Avi
KvDK KvDK wbevmb cvVvbv nq|
3 wcUvim&evMi evBi ivRKxq Mx-Avevm| Avbv AvLgvZvfv Zuvi c_g Rxebi AbKUv mgq GLvbB
KvUvb|
4 jwjbMvì K` wdbjv kbi KvQ AewZ Kviv-Kgc| `ywU wews-Gi wekl Av`ji KviY
Gi bvg nqQ The Crosses|
5 jwjbMv` AvLgvZvfv m evwoZ evm KiZb Zvi bvg| GUvi evsjv Kij ùvovq SYv evwo|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
cKZ bvg Avbv Av`qf&bv MvibKv| wjLZb Avbv AvLgvZvfv (18881966)| Avbv AvLgvZvfv
BDbi A`mv knii wbKU RbMnY KijI AwaKvsk mgq KvwUqQb ivwkqvi mBU wcUvmeyM| Zvi
c_g w`KKvi ivgvwUK MxwZKve Bfwbs (1912) I w` ivRvwi (1914)| Zvi `yGKwU eB Qvov evèvKx
jLvi Dci mvwfqZ BDwbqbi ZrKvjxb kvmK Rvmd vwjb KwgDwb bxwZi m mwZc~Y bv nIqvi
ARynvZ wblavv Rvwi Kib| 1953 mvj vwjbi gZzi ci Avbv AvLgvZvfvi KveM wiKwfqg
(1963), wiKzBqg ( 1964) cKvwkZ nq| 1973 mvj cKvwkZ nq KveM cqg DB`vDU G wniv|
Abyev`Ki cwiwPwZ
Avyjvn& Avj gvgyb ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi BsiwR wefvMi mnKvix AavcK| jLvjwL Kib| mK bvg
ivRkvnx wekwe`vjqi BsiwR wefvM _K cKvwkZ GKwU QvUKvMR mv`bvi KvR KiQb|
jLvi Drm
wek KweZv AvKvBfi IqemvBU (www.PoemHunter.com) _K cvIqv cvVi mv_ Ab AviI `ywU
cvV wgwjq GB Abyev` Kiv nqQ|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU gvK evqvbi GKwU Qwei Ask wekl| QwewUi bvg `
zmWvm| 1999 mvj AuvKv| BUvibU _K bIqv: www.paulhina.com/hinablog-archives/2005
_06.html|
AvLgvZvfv: kvKv
216
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
kxAiwe`
cZxwK Anbv
gnvfviZ-Gi ebce ewYZ mvwex I mZevbi gZzqx cgi AvLvwqKv
Aej^b kxAiwe` Zuvi mvwex gnvKve iPbv KiQb| gnvKve AvLvwqKvi
cZxwK Awfebv g~Z nq DVQ GK meMvmx AvavwZK ZxeZvi c_iLv ai|
mvwex nQb RMbvZvi gvbylx cwZgv Avi mZevb GB cw_exi AvZvi cwZf~| kl
ch mvwex Zuvi fvjvevmvi hvMej mZevbi gZzKewjZ AvZvK wdwiq
Avbb Avgvì gZi Avjvq| mvwexi GB gZzweRqi KvwnbxK Dcj Ki
kxAiwe` GB gnvKve DRvo Ki w`qQb Zuvi Acwigq AvavwZK AwfZvi
fvvi| dj mvwexK aygv AZzrK Kve wnme AwfwnZ KivUvB h_ bq
ci hvMgvM AMmigvb Awfhvxì RbI GB gnvKve wbtm`n GK
AZzjbxq AvKi-M|
c_g mM g~jZ weeZ nqQ gnvweki RbK_v| Avi wekmwi GB
AvijMi mv_ GKvKvi nq MQ mvwexi RvMiY-gyn~Z|
KviY weki RM-IVv Avi RMbbxi RvMiY Zv Avmj mgv_K FM`G ewYZ Elv ev Anbv hvi jvKvi wPK| Abyev`K
mB jM, èZviv ZLbI RvMwb|

AbvMZ m~wZi c_i Dci
AgviRbxi gnvKvq AvkvmsKzj wP
Abi wbc`xc gwì Zuvnvi
GKv GKv wemwcZ wQj gnvZvi cv, wPiwi|
gb nj A^Q I Acek
`wnviv aqvbi welb cZxK Zuvi AvZgM
Kvqvnviv Amxgi AZjv Lv`;
AwaKvi wQj wek AZj k~bi|
mxgvnxb cwZZ AvZvi GK gnvkw RvMi~K wQj
Avw` Avi Dcv bvwi gvS,
mB AKvi Mf wZc_ Gb
hv nZ m Avwef~Z nqwQj GKw`b,
evLvZxZ Rbi inm Avi gZzkxjZvi
gi cwqv _K wbRK mwiq wbq,
kxAiwe` \ cZxwK Anbv
217
bwZk~bZvi gvS PqwQj mgvw Zvnvi|

hb GK Avuavi AvijM mg wKQyi,
gnv-ARvbvi Kvbv mmv`k evYxnxb, ewkwenxb,
cybiw Kvi Kvi wPiKvj APZb KvR,
cjw^Z Kvi Kvi wPiKvj k~b`w BQvkw Zvi,
Kvj wbq emwQj Awe`v-kwi wek-RwogvK,
cPvw`Z, mw`xc myw huvi Rj `q m~hjv
Avi huvi wb`vPvix AveZb aiv AvQ Avgvì cvY|
AvKvki wbjv I mywecyj mgvwai ci cmvwiZ,
cvYnxb, gbnxb, AvKwZwenxb GK RoZvK wbq,
AvZvwi k~bZvi gvS GK PMwZ Qvqvmg
cwiZ emyiv k~bMf Mni Mni wQj N~Ygvb
cybevi wbw nqQ hvnv wPvk~b ^ci Mnb,
fyj wMq AvZv Zuvi Avi Zuvi mywè wbqwZ|
Amvo AvKvk wQj k~b, , wbic|
Zvici KvbI wKQy `gvb nj mB `yq Auvavi;
AbvwgKv MwZ GK, AwPwZ Kvbv mcZq,
A, R`x, Am, Dkwenxb KvbI wKQy,
nZ PqwQj Aw A_P Rvbbv Kvb&fve,
AwPwZK LjvQj Z KiwQj Awe`vi be Dvab|
hb GK hYvi gZv Gm iL Mj wkniY-iLv,
RvMwiZ Kvi GK mycvPxb, AwZKv, Ac~Y evmbv,
jyP` AePZbi nvgvS hv wQj ckvw-jxb,
mI gv_v ZyjwQj Avi A^lY KiwQj AwZiwnZ GK `ywZ|
wejy wZi e PvL gj cej Pvq,
hb KD LuyR wdi AZxZi Avcbvi
A_P myL cvq evmbvi gZ`n Zuvi|
Zey GB AvZwK cjqi gnvK`,
wbnZ I mgvwnZ AZxZi GKv DiRxexic
jywZ Kvb mv Mvcb cZxgvY wQj,
hYv I cqvmi cybivq Avii Zi hbev `wZ mB Rb,
Ab GK e_ wek cybixweZ ne ZvB|
Am^ mse`b PqwQj RvwZi Dvm,
Avi GK webvKZ AMvb mgyrmyK nqwQj `~iv^qx icvi cvb|
hb GK wk Kcvj Aywj iL
iY Kwiq `q G weki Dbbv gvZvi
G weki cwZ cigvYy-K` ewgvb eyfyvi K_v;
218
Zwgm f~gvi e eRgyw w`q ai wk evKzjZv|

Abi AMvPi Kv_vI dvUj `Lv w`j:
giwP-jy-Kiv A- Clr nvmi gZv
kvjcvs mxnviv wav-Romo GK eYiLv
AvjvwoZ KiwQj Rxebi `yeva wb`vi `~i cv`k|
mxgvnxbZvi AbZi cvi nZ mgvMZ è-Pz
Zxe `w djwQj ewai AYe-ga;
hb mB cwikv, Amy weki RvW Avi ifvi wek-wekvwi gvS,
m wQj m~hi _K bg-Avmv cv_wgK cheYi Kvb `~Z,
GmwQj GKv, wbRb GK AvZvi mvb
iY Avmbv huvi weZ Avbìvwk GZUvB nZeyw P~ov cZb|
mB Agvbm wek ncKvix gnvevYx
wavw^Z ZvK `xY Ki AjwZ avegvb nj,
Avnvb Rvbvjv PZb I Avbì `ytmvnmx Awfhvb;
cKwZi nZvkvm ej ekxf~Z Kvi Avi
eva Kvi bexKZ mwZ c`vb
hvZ cybevi RM IV Dcjw Ges `kb|
GKwU wPvi exR D nj Acgq k~bi AZj,
mse`b Rb wbj Zwgmv Mnb,
Kvji Ai wknwiZ nj GK wZ,
e c~e gZ Kvb AvZv hb cZ Pvq Rxebi mvov:
AatcZbi dj DcRvZ wewZKej
hwÌ wejy AvR AZxZi DrKxY djK|
asmcv mewKQy cybevi wbwgwZK cve ZvB
wdi cZ ne c~e AwfZv Zcmvi ej;
mKjB me hw` wè-k mxweZ Ki|
gnviRbxi mB wbtmnvq J`vmxb
RMwQj m~Z nevi xY Avkv|
hb GK c_v AwbKZ weqi B`Rvj
weZvwoZ, Avevmi A^lY iZ, wcZ-gvZnxb,
civwPZ nq `kvi
bg Gj wavRo, AwbwZ, mnRvZ jveYavivq;
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219
xqgvY gyn~Zi wKbvivq Rj-_vKv

cvyeY B`Rvj- GK c`xwi BZZ vggvb nvZ,
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AKvi AwnZ nq, hb Lm co Akvqx èZvi Ai emb|
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bg Gj AvKvkfviZx Avi AwMwkLv, Aatw Mvq avivq;
msw I mbvZb gnvwP Ea`k PgwKZ nj cybevi |
A`ki Dvmb eYQUvgq, AMg Zzixq nZ
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cv`k Rj-_vKv ARvwbZ gZznxb c`xwi fv^Zx Anbv,
wewbgvY KiwQj mgvivnc~Y Zuvi eYi gixwPgvjv Avi
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AvKvki f~c mg~rKxY KiwQj mvwZK fvlv|
mB gvn` jMb mgvMZ wQj cvq cyilvgi wè Awefve
Avgvì Avkv Avi wPvivwR mZvwMwkLv gv hvi;
A`k Me nZ mgy~Zv mywbRb RvwZjLv
Aew nj cvq A^QZv-F wiZvq|
cybevi mB càwb AvjvwoZ Ki Mj k~bZvi gnvecyjK;
kvkZi Kìcx, Avb`wenj GK ckv Avbb
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my`~i Avb`jvK _K Avmv èxg~wZ mwbKU Gj|
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mevbgqx èx gnvwexYZv ci AvbZv njb
AvQvw`Z Ki ivL hvnv beì wbqwZkvwmZ wbZMwZ;
Avi Zuvi cv`c aviY mg
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220
Zvici wPvgM, myL GwMq Mj gZznxb Kgi cvYb|

cw_exi Abyfe Gj mB kvkZxi mwbKUeZx AvMgbx:
wekcKwZi RvMZ keY Zuvi càwb wbbvw`Z nj Avi
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RvwZtmvZ nvwm Zuvi, AM~p c`k c`k cwiKxY nq,
wekevcx Zvi i~cvi Gb w`j cwjZ AwMi wkLvq|
mewKQy cwiYZ nj GK c~Rv Avi DrmMxKiY|
^M Avi cw_exi gvS evqy nqwQj GK `gvb hvMm~;
ceZewì ci KLbI ev mwjZ KLbv ev g`xf~Z wQj GK
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AZj Kì ebKvix A-AvjvwKZ Awe`vq
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Avgvì Avb` I e`bvi wbic mvxicx
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mB Hkx wejvKb, AbvMZ fweli `ywZ,
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gZzcvke wP hvnvì aviY Ag,
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gZjvK Ygv weivwRZ _vK èRvwZ:
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221
B`Rvj-F mB cveKi Yvqx wefv

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my`yjf, AZvh gwngvi nj Aemvb|
cwiwPZ, cvw_e w`bi Avjv cKvwkZ nj|
kvwi wekvg nZ gywcv wcMwZ Rxebi Kjawb
Axf~Z mwrmvi KvjP cybevi wbwcZ nj|
mKjB Suvwcq cojv bZzbZnxb GK Kggq cvZwnKZvq;
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gb wbj fwelr-`wnxb gyn~Zi Kvvi Zvobv,
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gvbyl `vuovjv Zvui `ytmn wbqwZfvi mgybZ Kvi,
h GKv ZvwKq _vK wbwbgl AbvMZ mgqi AvQvw`Z gyLi mvb|
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mnl eiY Ki Avcbvi bki Avb`fvM|
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222
bki gvbe`n Aei èZvi ARvjv,

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m GK `ytmva Kg, icvi gZ-cKwZi;
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gZjvK AvZwZ Ki mB
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Aavivc Kvi mB EZi RMZi ci
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223
Ckii cyì gZz Avi hYvi viv

^vMZ Rvbvq GB gZjvK|
Bi`-c`xwi gZv GB aiv- cwigviZ
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gZi Avuavi Zvuì Avi Kg Ac Ki Avi
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ivRKxq gyKzUi wewbgq cZcY Ki yk
wcQ co _vK ay Zuvnvì mgyj bvg|
hb GK AwMwkLv bg Avm, k Ki gvbe`q, Zvici AwnZ nq;
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h weki vY-K Avwefve nqwQj Zuvi
m~Y c_K wQj AvZv Zuvi m weki cKwZi _K,
cw_exi A e Awff~Z wQj Zuvi gni fvi,
ZvB mB awixi msMvg, cZb Avi `ytLi Abj
Abyj imvZj nZ, mgyMxY njv GK fqi cwZwqvic|
gge`bvi mv_ wbZ mnevm Avi c_ c_ gZzi mvvZ
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gZzxY mv Zvi AskfvMx nj|
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cwiMn Kvi GB Rxebi AKvi cvw_e cvkvK,
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AbvMZ AwMcixvi Zi m wQj cZxgvY,
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224
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mv_ wbq mywbRb gb Avi wek-ev `q Zuvnvi:
mvwex GwMq Mj Aeve Agii AbskK gnvKg cvb|
mgvi, fvivv `q Zuvnvi kvKM wQjbv Rxeb:
wewZi AZjv gywcv Rxebcevn Zuvi
qwQj cw_exi Av`v Z`vQbZvi Kvj, Rwogvwejxb
gbtZbvi KQ APZb,
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225
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cybevi wPb bq `xNvqx, wbfZ e`bv-myMfxi, ckv, cvPxb,
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hwÌ Rvbbv mB e_vi KviY A_ev Zv Kv_v nZ cv`yf~Z nj|
mB kw mgvZ wQj, cvwYZ Ki hv gbvf~wg,
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hb Zviv Avbì ewk~b kgRxex;
evai gkvj, wgqgvb, ZLbI Rjwb;
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ay GK cvw_e ^fve ai iLwQj mB `nR Avavi|
Z_vwc m mgywZ nq Avi Avcbvi Zzj bq GB wek-fvi
kixii knxb Avevnb wdi Avm
my`~ii Awfmvix civv RxevZv Zvunvi
wdi Avm Awe`v I wbqwZi hyMi,
wdi Avm gZzkxj wèmi Zvobv I kgZcmvq,
AZvh cZxwK ^ci gvS GuK w`q Dj c_i wbkvbv,
givKUvji Uvb mi-hvIqv mywi mgy`-iLv avi|
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mgqi AwfgyL Lyj hvq wZi SivKv
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mewKQy wdi Gj Zuvi KvQ cybevi;
cw_ex, cYq Avi asmi wbqwZicx
mycvPxb cwZxq, Aveb Kvi ai Zuvi
wbkx_i Afi gjhyagvb me AwZKvq g~wZi gZb:
`xwnxb wbZbv-RvZ mB èe`
mywè hvZbv Avi msNli Zi mgyw nq;
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fqi Avnei kvKvQb cvYK`,
aiYxi hyMhyMvievcx e`bvi DivwaKvix,
mvbviwnZ mB AZji AwaKZvicx GK
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A_P Rvbbv GB Rxebi Me wb`vb|
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226
mvwexi cvZwnK ieM Ak-beì cZxvq|

cybivq Avwef~Z nj AvR Ai Zvunvi gvbexq mgqi mgmvwbPq|
Abi KjvYni AvZZ Qvqvi bxP
cybevi mgvi nj mB evmbv I e`bvi gnvh hvnv
gZznxb Avb`-Dk GB cw_exi DrmwRZ c~Rv|
RM IV mB wè-gvbex Avevi
mn Ki kYxe gyn~Zi AMhvv,
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kwZMg nq Zuvi Rxebi Awe`v Ki AvIqvR|
mB ZzQ Kjie Avi cwieZnxb `k-cUf~wgKvq
Kvj Avi wbqwZK av Kvi mgywZ nq Zuvi èZvZv|
Afi wPikv, Nbxf~Z Ki kw cZvmb msMvgi Zi|
mgvMZ AvR mB Awbevh w`b mZevb wPiwb`v cve|
(mvwex: c_g L: c_g ce: Avi ce: c_g mM mgv)
jLKi cwiwPwZ
kxAiwe` (18721950) fviZxq AbZg k AvavwZK ewZ wecex, Kwe I `vkwbK|
Abyev`Ki cwiwPwZ
Amxg Kzgvi `vm Kwe| ivRkvnx wekwe`vjq BsiwR wefvMi AavcK| KveM: Sv I cybivb
(1992)|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU kxAiweì cZxK-wP|
227
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
wmjwfqv cv_i KqKwU KweZv

ZiRgv: eì gybxi
msc wmjwfqv cv_

evev AUv cv_-Gi gZzi cwZwqvq, gv AvU eQi eqm wmjwfqv cv_ (1932-1963) NvlYv
KiwQjb, Ckii mv_ Avi KLbI K_v eje bv| mB _KB meZ bwZi m~Pbv; ^vqy
Rxebevcx gZzi ZvobviI i nqZv mB kkeB| evevi gZzK GK aibi AvZnZvB
weePbv KiZb Ges GB gZzK wNi Rg IVv fvjevmv, NYv, ivM Avi `ytLi Zxe Ges
^weivax fveveM Aweij wQj Zvi evwK Rxeb| GKw`b gv Aiwjqv vevi j Kijb gqi
cvq cvq wKq hvIqv RLg| wmjwfqvi Di wQj, `LZ PvwQjvg, Avgvi wkiv-wUiv AvQ
wK bv; AZtci ^xKvi Kijb, Avwg giZ PvB| myZivs wPwKrmv i; BjvkK _ivwc|
Gevi Gjv `xN Awb`v Avi Nygi ewoZ Avmw|
Gi ga jLvjwL PjQ ìgZv, cvwZvwbK jLvcovI| 1950 mvj cKvwkZ njv
KweZv wZ ewi bvgKiv cwKv ` wwqvb mvq gwbUi-G, G-eQiB mvZK wWMx jvf
Kib| 1950-Gi Rybi cvq cyivUv KvUvb gv`gvqvRj cwKvi wekRb AwZw_ mv`Ki
GKRb wnmve| gv`gvqvRj-Gi AvM msLvq cKvwkZ nq wmjwfqv cv_i KweZv
Dbvw`bxi cgi Mvb, Ges Zvi KweZv welqK wKQz ce-wbe|
1953-i 24 AvM, evwoi mevB evBi Mj wmjwfqv cv_ jKvii Zvjv fO MvUv
PwjkK Nygi ewo wMj eviv`vi wbP mjvi cwiq GK KvYvq, PvL bv-co Ggb vb
q cojb| evwo wdi mevB LuvR-LuvR, gvqi Zv gv_v Lvivc jKvii Zvjv fvOv `L|
ciw`b _K me cavb LeiKvMR wmjwfqvi Aavb Ges jKvi fO Nygi ewo Pzwii msev`
Qvcv njv| 26 ZvwiL KD GKRb mjvi _K MvOvwbi k bj, wmjwfqvK Dvi Kiv
njv ewgZ gvLvgvwL, Amvo wK RxweZ| kvixwiKfve LvwbKUv mi DVj AviK `dv
BjvkK wPwKrmv Pjj|
1954-i Gwcj bvMv` Avevi c`jLv i; bZzb gvbyl ic Avwefvei wP wnmve Pzj
iOKiv i Kijb| G-eQi emUv fvjvB Mj| 12k Wjvii ew cjb, KweZvi GKUv
cyivi cjb, cixvjvi djvdjI fvjv| Aek Gmgq eqm AbK eo KviI m GK
eLvv cgi mK eRvq ivLv ZvK ek fywMqQ; GgbwK awlZ nIqvi AwfhvM Zvjvi
ciI wmjwfqv cv_ m-mK _K wbRK gy KiZ cvibwb|
1955-i Ryb dzjevBU ew wbq mvwnZ coZ Mjb KgweR-G| w`b KUQ fvjvB
Avvq, gY| AwbqgRwbZ AmyZv Aek Govbv hvqwb| h wewUk cyilìK dvKvk,
LvcvU, mgKvgx Avi Ave`bnxb gb KiZb, ZvìB GKRbK GK cvwUZ wmjwfqv cv_
`Ljb wekvj, Mfxi myVvg Qj, GKgv, Avgvi Rb chv-ic| c_g mvvZ wmjwfqv
UW wnDRi KweZv AvIovZ jvMjb| DfqB hb Zvì GKgv LuyR cjb| GK ez
wmjwfqvK Rvbvjv h, UW KgweRi mePq eo jU|
UW wnDR Rvqvi cKvk Kivi wKQzw`b ci wmjwfqv wjLjb cvveb| hLvb
wmjwfqv cv_i KweZv
229
ZiRgv: eì gybxi

cvvi Kv KiQ GK gwnjvK| UWi ga wZwb `LwQjb AcwZiva kw Avi D`g|
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1957-i deqvwiZ UW wnDRi KweZvi eB ewZ evRcvwL evcK mvbbv cj Ges
Zv AvgwiKvq Qvcvi eev njv| wmjwfqvi evcvi mgvjvPKiv PzcPvc wQjb| GB c_g
wmjwfqv cv_ ^vgxi cwZ Clv Abyfe Kijb| c_g weevnevwlKxUv fvjvB Mj| UW AbK
Mvjvwc Mvjvc dzj`vwbmn evwo Avbjb| Zvici Avi Mj bv| UWi gb njv, wmjwfqv Nvb
Nvb Ki; wmjwfqv fvejb, UW AvPiY Rvb bv| gvivgvwiI njv| Abvb KweZvi mv_
GmgqB wjLjb, cv_ijv, Kjvmvm KweZvq|
1960-Gi deqvwiZ wmjwfqv wewUk cKvkbv msv nvBbgvb-Gi mv_ Pzwe nb Zvi
c_g KweZvi eB Kjvmvm I Abvb KweZv cKvki Rb| Gwcji 1 ZvwiL wmjwfqvi GKwU
Kbvmvb nq| G mgqi KweZvi ga Zzwg, Szj gvbyl DjLhvM| wmjwfqvi vf
wQj, wbR`k Zvi KweZvi mgvì nQ bv, A_P Zvi wewUk ^vgx AvgwiKvq wVKB Kì
cvQ| Aekl 1962-i g gvm Kjvmvm I Abvb KweZv cKvwkZ nq AvgwiKvq|
BZvga GKwU cymvbI RbQ, UWi mv_ mKi AviI AebwZ nqQ| GK
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wmjwfqv cv_i `n Dvi Kib| 16 deqvwi UW wnDRi cvwievwiK Keivb ZvK mgvwnZ
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nq 1981 mvj| 1982-Z wmjwfqv cv_K KweZvi Rb giYvi cywjrRvi cyivi c`vb Kiv
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A_P cvi bv, PUcyU wbZ
wmjwfqv cv_i KweZv
230
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nvo _K hZ gvskZ; cvi bv gyQZ cvc|

`vn Kvbv|
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fq fq AvwQ, GKUv igvj aie Ges
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bg Ges eqì kvmiva Ki,
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GK Nvq nZv Kij ZvK|
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GZ LuvwU Avwg, Zvgvi, A_ev h-KviI Rb|
Zvgvi kixi AvgvK AvNvZ Ki
hgb cw_ex NvB-gvi Cki|
wmjwfqv cv_i KweZv
231
ZiRgv: eì gybxi
Avwg GK jb
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cZK `kK GKevi
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wmjwfqv cv_i KweZv
232
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I-Lvmv Qvwoq ivL

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233
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mvgyw`K wSbyKi gZv|

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Zv, Zv Wvvi mvne|
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234
ZiRgv: eì gybxi
hv GK wPzi Mj hvq|
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fveeb bv, Avcbvi gnvb eZvK gvb Kwi bvB|
f, QvB
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wmjwfqv cv_i KweZv
235
ZiRgv: eì gybxi
wdwiq wbqQ `n-Afi|

nvoi QvDwb _K AcjK Pq
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2 jvRvivm: evBej ewYZ Pwi| m Rb-Gi gZ jvRvivm gwi I gv_vi fvB, gZzi ci hx Lx hvK
cybiwZ KiwQjb|
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wmjwfqv cv_i KweZv
236
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P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
Avmwdqv jiLi KqKwU KweZv

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c` _K c Rvbvq KD|
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cvnvo _K Mwoq bvgv AvUvii evjvB
GLvb _K UyKiv wbq mLvbUvZ PvjvB|
mvbvB-cov, KvbvB-cov meZ hvq aiv
Avgvi jLv c`wj ewnme Kiv
gnvRbx Kvivevi jOyi bvPv dD
c` _K c Rvbvq KD|
PvL wfR hvq

PvL wfR hvq ccvZvi Rj
PvL wfR hvq `gKv nvIqvi Xj
PvL wfR hvq
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gb wfR hvq QuvqvZ AZj|
wgw wQj ivavgwYi wgZ
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Avmwdqv jiL
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eqvovi gZv gk, SzjKvwj gvLv fyL kKoi gyL
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LBnviv wnmei gb
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bLivwg Avi k gvg fvMiLvi Qvc

gnov bq, mwZ mwZ ùvwoq wQjvg msm` febi mvgb|
nvZ aiv AvU UvKvi auvqviOv gvg Mwjq bxie cwZev` PjQ|
cm, bvix AwaKvi|
MjMj Ki eq cov gvg nvZ cwiq bLi AvKvi,
ZvjyZ, ZjvZ, Avgvi fvMiLvi Qvc wbq k nq coj
wcPi ivvq| bLivwgi ivRbxwZZ kvwgj nq e`v Rjb _K
AvU UvKvi gvgevwZUv euvKv nq `vD `vD Ki Rj|
c_g cKvkbvi wbweKvi NvlYv w`q
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wcPi Mvq cQve Ki bLivwg Avi k gvg fvMiLvi Qvc|
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KqvivYx, KqvivYx?
Kv_vq Zvgvi mvnvMkvjv?
Wye Wye Wye wbtkl nq AvQ ev exRi cvnvo|
KqvivYx, KqvivYx, Kv_vq Zvgvi mvnvMkvjv?
Svji dj, Pvì dj, cvbi wcK gvwLq Drme Kwi
Gmv, Drme Kwi, PvL gyw`, KqvivYx, Gmv PvL gyw`|
KqvivYx, Quyq `L ivZ coQ|
kni fO P evZvm, MnY cov Puv`|
KqvivYx, Ui cqQ? cjKv KZ
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KqvivYx, Quyq `wL mvnvMkvjv kei cvnvo|
P evZvm gvZg Ki|
KqvivYx, AvuZyo Nii Kvbv kvbv| KUv fiv UKUK jvj AYyi MvQv|
GKRvov PvL cYq LuvR, mvnvM LuvR, mvnvMkvjvq bvMi LuvR|
AvuZyo Ni kvm divbvi Awbqg GK khv|
Avmwdqv jiL
240
KqKwU KweZv
KqvivYx wb` AYyi Kzwo Avevi Mj gM|

KqvivYx, KqvivYx, KqvivYx?
Zvgvi mvnvMkvjvq ke wQj bv, Avwg wQjvg mvx|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
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asfiagulrukh@yahoo.com|
Qwei Drm
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BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.indbazaar.com/spade/images/paint_jamini.jpg|
Avmwdqv jiL
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bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
D gymwjgvi KqKwU KweZv

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m Kvbw`bI GKNvi AvM evmvq di bv|
KviY RvbZ PvBj Kvbw`b ej, Lye wfo wQj,
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GgwbB ej VuvU Dwq Ni gyQZ em hvq,
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wRm Kij, Mv gvRgvR KiQ ej cvk wdi kvq|
nv Cki! Kej AvgviB Kvb ^vaxbZv bB|
mKvj bUvi GKwgwbU ci Awdm cuQvj
nvwRiv LvZvq jvj `vM dj em LuwKq IVb|
hw` ewj, Lye Rvg wQj Zvnj Avi i bB
Kb, mKvj mvZUvq iIbv w`Z cvib bv ?
Avevi mKvj mKvj eiZ Mj, ay Awdm KijB Pje?
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Kvjv iOi Rb m `k gqiv Kb AiYxqv?
hvì cYi UvKv QvZ bv ci eveviv
D gymwjgv
244
KqKwU KweZv
b`xZ vb KiZ bg Avi DV Avm bv?

h `k Kvjv èxK Zz Kivi Rb
Ni Ni Avjvi `qvjx Rj `qv nq
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wbwl Dcnvi
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GK mve-iwRvii eD-Gi bvK Gm AivKwZ bvKdyj `L
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D gymwjgv
245
KqKwU KweZv
Kw`b ci evevi wbR^ W-Wqvi Zvi wZ nvZovZ wMq

Lvwj wZeZ wgi KUvi ga cjvg
euvavbv ùvZi cvwU Avi GKUv Qv jvj KvMRi gvoK|
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nvgj co gvqi bvK wQuo bvKdzj Lyj w`Z
hb cwZhvwMZvq gZwQjv|
jLKi cwiwPwZ
D gymwjgv XvKv wekwe`vjq evsjv mvwnZ wbq covkvbv KiQb| eZgvb wekevsKi GKUv cR
Rvi kvwj wnmve KvR KiQb| BgBj: lima_umme@yahoo.com|
Qwei Drm
egvY jLvwUi g~j wkivbvgi cvki QwewU AcYv KvDi (Rb 1954, w`jx) Gi GKwU Qwei Q`vsk|
BUvibU _K bIqv nqQ: www.sikh-heritage.co.uk/arts/arpana/arpanacaur.htm|
D gymwjgv
246
KqKwU KweZv
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
kixdv eyjeyji KqKwU KweZv

eynxb eyi bMi
GB cvYnxb bMi
Kviv Dcvq
Kviv Kviv iPyZ
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kixdv eyjeyj
247
KqKwU KweZv
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Qwei Drm
kixdv eyjeyj
248
KqKwU KweZv
P`veZx
bvix welqK QvUKvMR
1g msLv 2006
BmgZ PyMZvB
jc
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
cZK ivZ Avwg hLb Avgvi jcUv Avgvi Mvq Ub `B, `qvj IUvi nvwZ AvKvii
QvqvUvi Av`vjb `Lv hvq, Avi cjKi ga Avgvi gbUv cyivbv NUbvi AveZ
Zvjcvo LZ _vK| KZ wZ h AveviI Avgvi gb Avm!
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jvM, GKUv K^ji Qvqv `L KLbB ZZUv fq jvM bv ... | Avgvi Mi i Avgvi
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gqi m SMov Ki|
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Mjb| gv fvjvB RvbZb h IB evwoZ GKUv evPv Zv `~ii K_v GKUv Bu`yiI bB
hvi mv_ Avwg SMov KiZ cvie| Kx Rei` kvw Avgvi Rb! hvB nvK, AvgvK
eMgRvbi KvQ iL hvIqv _K NUbv i, GB mB eMgRvb, hvi jcUv Avgvi
wZZ GLbI `vD `vD Ki RjQ, hUv GLbI Avgvi gb Mig jvnvi jvj iOv
`M`M Nvqi gZv `vM KU em AvQ| eMgRvbi nZ`wi` cwievi Zvi mv_ bIqve
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LyeB avwgK gvbyl| Kvb ekv ev ivvi gqQjK Kvbw`bI Zuvi evwoZ `Lv hvq
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wK GB bIqve mvnei wQj GK AyZ kL| KweZi cvlv ev gviMhy ev Abvb
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Qvì Zuvi Pvicvk ewmq ivLv, Rbi ci _K hvì mKj eqfvi bIqve mvne
wbRB enb KiZb|
eMgRvbK weq Kivi ci, evwoi evèvwK Avmeveci mv_ IK mvwRq iL,
bIqve mvne Ii DcwwZi K_v m~Y fyj Mjb, Avi xY`nx hyeZx eMgK Vj
BmgZ PzMZvB: jc
249
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
w`jb GK Pig wbtm Rxeb|

ZvB eMgRvbi Rxeb Kv_v _K i nqQ mUv ejv gykwKj; mLvb _K hLb
GB Rxeb cv w`qB I c_g fyj KiwQj bvwK hLb m bIqve mvnei x nq weQvbvi
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Qvì Avwefve NUj bIqve mvnei Rxeb Ges Zuvi Rb eqej Lvevi, niK `vgx
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nZv m hb Rj Kqjvi GKUv weQvbvi Dci MovMwo LvQ, bvwK Gi i ZLb _K
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mvne GKUyI e`jvjb bv| GiKg Aevq eMgRvb ZLb GKeviB fO coj|
eBc Wyweq djj m wbRK| wK GB PvI e_ njv| Kviv cgi Dcbvm Avi
Abyf~wZi KweZvjv IK AviI gbgiv Avi welv`M Ki ZyjwQj| ivZi Nyg b njv
eMgRvbi, Avcv`gK GKc nZvkv Avi AbykvPbvq cwiYZ njv m|
Rvnvbvg hvK IB me myì cvkvK AvkvK! gvbyl myì cvkvK ci Abi KvQ
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gvm _vK GBLvb, A_P GB Amnvq gqwU KLbB Zvi ew``kv _K cvjvZ cvi bv|
Iiv mevB hLvb Avivg KiZ, bIqve mvnei fvjv fvjv Lvevi LZ, Iì kxZi
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mvbv `q wb| Zvnj GKRb gvbyl KbB ev euvPZ PvBe? eMgRvbi Kcvj wQj
euP _vKv, Avi I aygv euPB wQj|
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ic hb dU ei nZ _vK| GKUv inmRbK Zji gvwjk IK bZzb Rxeb `q|
Avi hw` AvgvK wRm Kiv Zvnj eje, mePvBZ fvjv wPwKrmv mvgwqKxI GB
Zji civgk è bv| hLb Avwg eMgRvbK c_g `wL ZLb Ii eqm Pwjk ev
eqvwjk eQi| iveyK Lye KvQ ewmq wcV Avi kixi gvwjk KivZ KivZ Kx
ivRKxqfveB bv Ii gmb` em _vKZ! Ii cvqi Dci ewb iOi GKUv kvj dj
ivLZ, Avi ivwbi gZv mv `LvZ IK| Ii Pvnwb `L Avwg gy nq hZvg| cvk
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AwfRvZ cwicvwUfve fvM Kiv Ges AbK hZ AuvPovbv Pzjjv KLbI Gjvgjv
_vKZ `wL wb Avwg| Ii PvL wQj Kvjv, Avi wbLuyZ Ki AvKvi `qv jv wdZvi
gZv AuvKv _vKZ| fvix PvLi cvZv Avi Nb cvcwoi KviY Ii PvLjv GKUz dzj
BmgZ PzMZvB: jc
250
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
_vKZ| wK, cvq jvjiOv Ii VuvU `yUv wQj Ii gyLi mePvBZ AvKlYxq Ask| Icii
VuvUUv wQj GKUz Svjvbv, hvi wVK Dci nvjKv Muvdi iLv| Kcvji `ycvk Pzj
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GKUv evPv Qji gyLi w`K ZvwKq AvQ|
Ii ZK GgbB mv`v Avi gmY wQj h `Lj gb nZv KD eywS Ii kixii mv_
k Ki muU w`qQ| gvS gvS I hLb cv PzjKvbvi Rb nuvUz ch Kvco mwiq
wbZ, Ii cv Kxfve Sjgj KiZ, mUv `Lvi Rb Avgvi PvL evi evi Iw`K Pj
hZ| Mob m j^v auvPi wQj Ges Ii gvsmj `n memgq Kvco XvKv _vKZ ej
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w`Z| Nvi ci Nv G KvR Kivi Rb ivey Ggbfve em _vKZ hb GUv eMgRvbi
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ewk|
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Ii gkvwi `qv weQvbvi fZi gvwjk Ki hZ, nq Ii gv_v, bq Ii cv, bq kixii
Abvb RvqMvZ| gvS gvS GB gvMZ gvwjk Avi `jvB gjvB `L fxlY A^w
jvMZ| Abì K_v Rvwb bv, wK gvMZ GB gvwjki ga _vKj Avgvi kixiUv gb
nq UzKiv UzKiv nq hZ| eMgRvb hw`b Mvmj Ki mw`b GB KgwUZ mgq jvMZ
AviI ewk| nvq Lv`v, wPv Kiv hvq bv! Mvmji AvM cyiv `yB Nv hver bvbvb
iKgi Zj, myMw, jvkb w`q m Zvi kixi gvwjk KivZ| GB cwqv GZ ewk mgq
ai PjZ h, Gi K_v wPv KijB Avgvi gv_v Nyi hvq| Nii ìRv e Ki `qv nZ,
Kzwc Rvjvbv nZ, Zvici i nZ gvwjk| mvaviYZ ivey Zvi mv_ Nii fZi _vKZ|
evèvwKiv ìRvi evBi ùvwoq wdmwdm KiZ Avi hLb hv jvMZ Zv Gb w`Z|
Avmj evcvi nQ eMgRvb memgqB GKUv PzjKvwbZ fyMZ| Gi cwZKvii
Rb kZ kZ Zj, Ilya eenvi Kiv nqQ wK ePvwi GB PzjKvwbi nvZ _K iv
cvq wb| Wvvi nvwKgì K_v nQ Iì RvbvgZ Avi wKQyB Kiv me bv| ZKi
Ici Kvb aibi mgmv bB| hw` ZKi wbP wKQy nq _vK Zvnj m evcvi Zviv
wKQy Rvb bv| Dd&, me Mvav Wvvii `j, hZvme g~L! Zvgvi Kvb AmyL AvQ mUv
K wekvm Kie? Avjvn ZvgvK fvjv ivLyb, Zvgvi i GKUz Mig, evm GBZv|
nvmZ nvmZ GB K_vjv ej ivey, Avi A_c~Y PvL ZvKvq eMgRvbi w`K| Avi
GB iveyi K_v ejZ Mj ejZ nq eMgRvb hZ dmv wQj iveyI wQj wVK Zgwb
Kvjv; eMgRvbi gyL wQj hgb aeae mv`v, Ii gyL wQj Zgwb UzKUzK jvj| IK
`L gb nZ I hb Mig jvnvi gZv RjRj KiZ| Ii gyL fiv nvjKv emi `vM
wQj| Ii wQj myVvg cUvbv kixi, QvU, wc nvZ, AvuUmuvU QvU Kvgi, Avi wQj gvUv
fRv GKRvov VuvU| Ii kixi _K GKiKg AyZ M QovZ| Ii QvU gvUvmvUv
nvZjv h Kx cwigvY Pvjy wQj! GB gyn~Z mjv eMgRvbi Kvgi Zv GK cjK
BmgZ PzMZvB: jc
251
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
Pj hvq Dii KvQ Zvici `Z bvgZ _vK cvqi MvovwjZ| Avgvi K_v ejZ Mj
ejZ nq, Avwg hLbB eMgRvbi cvk emZvg GB nvZjvK `Lvi RbB emZvg,
cwZgyn~Z mjv Kv_vq AvQ Avi Kx KiQ Zv `Lvi Dk|
kxZ nvK Avi MxB nvK, memgqB eMgRvbi cib _vKZ Mvp iOi cvqRvgvi
Dci aeae mv`v, wbLuyZ eybbi nvq`vev`x KyZv| gv_vi Dci cvLv PjZ wbqg gZv|
Avi eMgRvb Afvm gZv Mvqi Dci dj ivLZ GKUv nvv kvj| Ii wcq mgq wQj
kxZKvj| Avgvi wbRiI kxZKvj Ii mv_ _vKZ fvjv jvMZ| I Kvb aibi
cwikg KiZ cQ` KiZ bv| IK memgq `Lv hZ Avivg Ki gv`yi q AvQ,
Kbv dj wPevQ Avi mB m PjZ AbeiZ wcV PyjKvwb| evwoi Ab KvRi gqiv
iveyi cwZ GKUv bvsiv gbvfve cvlY KiZ| Iì KvQ m wQj GKUv WvBwb|
m LvIqv`vIqv KiZ eMgRvbi m, m wQj eMgRvbi mvewYK mx, GgbwK
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MvjMi ga mePvBZ AvKlYxq welq| Iì bvg DPvwiZ njB nvwmi jvo co
hZ| GB Amnvq gqwUK wbq ARm M Zix nqwQj| Avi eMgRvb wbR, Kv_vI
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eMgRvb wbRK Avgvi gvi evb wnme NvlYv w`qwQj|
Avwg Kv_vq NygvZvg? ^vfvweKfveB, eMgRvbi mv_| mRb, eMgRvbi
LvUi cvk GKUv Qv LvU ivLv nj| c_g ivZ, Avwg Avi eMgRvb M Kijvg Avi
jyWy Ljjvg ivZ `kUv wK GMviUv ch| Zvici Avwg Avgvi weQvbvq NygvZ Mjvg|
hLb Avwg Nywgq cowQ, ivey ZLbI eMgRvbi mv_, ivRKvi gZ Ii wcV PzjK
w`Q| ePvwi KvRi gq! Avwg fvejvg|
ILvb NygvZ wMq GKUv AyZ fqi Abyf~wZZ, KLbI KLbI ivZi ejv nVvr
Avgvi Nyg fO hZ| NiUv _vKZ cyivcywiB AKvi, Ges GB AKvii gaB
eMgRvbi jcUv Ggbfve bovPov KiZ hb IUvi fZi GKUv nvwZ AvUKv coQ|
eMgRvb, Avwg fq fq WvKZvg|
fZii nvwZUv bovPov e Ki w`Z| jcUv bg AvmZ|
Kx nqQ? NygvI Kvb GK RvqMv _K eMgRvbi K fm AvmZ|
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NygvI GLvb fq cvevi gZ Kx AvQ AvqvZzj Kzimx coZv
wVK AvQ| Avwg `Z AvqvZyj Kzimx coevi Pv KiZ wMq evievi gvSc_
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BmgZ PzMZvB: jc
252
Abyev`: Avmwdqv jiL
bv, ewU, NygvI G K_vUv kvbv hZ GKUz KwVb î| Ges Zvici Avwg `yRb
gvbyli wdmwdmvwb bZ cZvg| Igv! AviKRb Avevi K? Avgvi AviI fq jvMv i
KiZ|
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Avv, Nygvq co GBLvb Pvi Avme KvK? GUv iveyi K| Avwg
ZvovZvwo Avgvi jci fZi gv_vUv XywKq djZvg Ges Nywgq coZvg|
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ZvBKv \ A Pxbv ...
260
ZRgv: gvbm Payix
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ZvBKv \ A Pxbv ...
261
ZRgv: gvbm Payix
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Ubi kl gv_v _K KvKUi Avmj, Gici wRgeveviv, Gici wRgeveviv
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jLvi Drm
GB MwU BsiwR _K ZRgv Kiv nqQ| BsiwR ZRgvi Drm: Goosen, Theodore W., (ed.) 2002,
Oxford Book of Japanese Short Stories, London: Oxford University Press| g~j Rvcvbx _K
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bIqv nqQ: http://www.artelino.com/gallery/catalog.asp?gay=45&suy=17&eve=60|
ZvBKv \ A Pxbv ...
262
ZRgv: gvbm Payix
P`veZx
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GB wVKvbvq KvDK mvb Kivi Pq Puv` gvbyl LuvRv AbK mnR|
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_K iwjs QyUZ QyUZ....
RvMvUv gbvq dvg MBU|
dvg MBUI Ii wbqv hvIqv nBwQj|
RvMvUv nqZv kvnevM!
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cvBQ avbgw mvZvBk bv^vi| mvbexg zji mvgbi dzUcvZ em BbvB-webvB
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GKevi GK wewemvei RvgvB Lvwj evmv cvBqv Avgvi eyKi Dci DBv cowQj|
Zzwg KZ evmv e`j KiQv?
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`ywbqvWv GKw`b Ggyb wQj!
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cibi RvgvUvI wfR| XvKv kni Gv Gv Avmgvb mgvb `vjvb-KvVv A_P gqjv
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AvQ| evbi kvwo Avi Avm bv| cUi wL`vq I Wvevq bvg hw` wKQy cvIqv hvq|
ZLbB kvbv Mj mvci duvmduvm Avi evOi wPrKvi| mv_ mv_ Mvq Mvq evO
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275
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278
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Amgi bvix K_vKviì

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eigy`-i ivRbxwZ bv-evSv gvbyl, Aic cUwqv KwjZvi èKxi w`b, gbvigv `vm
gaxi mZ evab, iwZcfv MM wjwLZ wivIqvjv, wgbvx eReiqvi kvi`xq
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wWwKbmb kZK
Gwgwj wWwKbmbi wbevwPZ KweZvi Abyev`
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DrmM
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cKvkKvj: gvN 1412/deqvwi 2006
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
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cQ`wP: Um wgK, Gwgwj wWwKbmbi cwZKwZ (cvBDWi Dci AvwwjKi KvR, 1997
www. tracemeek.com/painting/emily.php)
cQ` I cvmv: mwjg iRv wbDUb
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iBj|
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Zbygav (1990)
cywjcvjvI (2002)
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`yRb gvbyl, GKUv AyZ PvOi wfZi w`q K_v KBQ, h-K_vMywj cyiyl bv bvixKi
evSv hvq bv| kyay eva Kiv hvq, h Zv wcqRbi K_v wbieqe, wbib, GK GKgv
wcqRbi| gvbyl Zv AbKevi K_v ejQ, GBfve, Ckii mv_, hvi-hvi wbR^,
GKv, Ckii mv_| wWwKbmb Ggbfve ejb ...
hZ`~i `Lv hvq, Ggb bvixì bvixivB ewk evS, fvjevm; cyiyliv ZvìK
aviYv KiZ, aviY KiZ cvi bv, Ges ZvQvov (Kvbv bvixi Rb) cyiyli
fvjevmv, GgwbZB Avmj GK KvwbK igYxg~wZi c~Rv, mB wekl bvix-ewwUi Rb
fvjevmv bq| KvhZt, BwZDwZ LvwbKUv LUvgUvwg-mI, jvwfwbqv ev myRvbi hfvjevmv Gwgwji cwZ, Gwgwji Zv Ab Kviyi KvQ _K RyUwQj wK? Zuvi cwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj cyiyliv PqwQjb wZwb wKQy ^vfvweK nvb, A_vr mv`vgvUv nvb (A_vr
bvix nvb, igYx nvb, cyiyli, mgvRi igYxqv nvb)| jvwfwbqv ev myRvb, ejv
evnyj, Zv Pvb wb (hwÌ Aek myRvb Zuvi evexK, GKUz agKg Kievi Dc`k AvKQvi
w`qQb, w`q wei KiQb, Avi, GZB evSv hvq h wZwb wVK wWwKbmbi aibi
bvix wQjb bv Zey, Zuvi cKwZi LvjbjP ai UvbvnuPov K`vwc Kib wb)| ZuvK,
Zuviv, Zuvi gZv bv-nqI, ek AbKUv eySZ ciwQjb, Ges eySZ ci, GB ZuvigZb-Z-K eis Zuvì KwZZ VvuU, D`Z bLi iv Ki MQb| gb Kiv nq Ges
GB gb-Kivq Lye Abvq AvQ ejI gb nq bv h, jvwfwbqvI h wPiKzgvix iq
Mjb, Zv GwgwjiB Rb, ZuvK (GwgwjK) RMZi Abyf~wZk~b i``wi _K
wWwKbmb kZK
300
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
h_vme Avovj Ki ivLZB| Avi, myRvb, KZUv Awbi cg co, Avi KZUv
Gwgwji KvQvKvwQ _vKevi ZvwM` Gwgwji fvBK weq KiwQjb Zvi gxgvsmv Kiv GLb
me hwÌ bq, Zey, wbivc` GUzKz wbqB ejv hvq h wZxq KviYwUi, GB weqi
evcvi, h-Kvbv cwigvYB nvK, GKUv KvhKi f~wgKv wQj| Gwgwji cwZ GB `yB
bvixi, Ges Zuvì cwZ Zuvi, fvjevmvK, Avcwb, GKwesk kZvxi cyiyl, Kx AvLv
èb? h-Avcwb, `yRb bvixK nvZ ai nuvUZ `Lj ZvìK jmweqvb fveb, hAvcbvi Rxeb ez gvb weRbm AvmvwmqU, ev, eoRvi, Zvm Ljvi, g` Mjvi
cvU&bvi, mevcwi, h-Avcbvi gZ, Kejgv cyiyl-cyiylB h_v_ ezZv me bvixZcyiyl cvq Ame, Avi bvixZ-bvixZ K`vwc me bq?
wWwKbmbi Kvbv KweZvi bvg bvB| KweZvi c_g PiYMywj w`q GMywjK kbv
Kiv nq| Avwg Abyevì bxP g~j KweZvi c_g PiY, I Rbmb-KZ KweZv mn Mi
KweZvi wgK bî ewmq w`qwQ hvZ, cvVKi BQv nj g~j KweZvMywj LyuR-cZ
cvV KiZ (Ges Avgvi Myw Dvi KiZ) cvib| dKiyj mi (Avgvi wkK, AavcK
dKiyj Avjg) AvgvK ejwQjb KweZvMywji Rb cqvRbxq bvU mieivn KiZ| Zvi
hvMZv ev mgq KvbvwUB bv-_vKvq GBLvbB bgvbgt Ki mviwQ:
KweZv 1|
PiY 5| iwe: g~j Awb (wWwKbmbi fvB)|
KweZv 2|
Abyev` g~j UvwK Qì AbyKvii cqvm AvQ| GBfve coj

fvjv nq: Avk& Pi& Rv mv M i (euvKv, gvUv Ai MywjZ Rvi
w`q) BZvw`| A_vr Myiy-jNy-Myiy-jNy GBiKg| ZZxq PiYwU
eZq: nv mv is nv |
KweZv 5|
m: GKUv wUDwjc dzj|
KweZv 9|
PiY 4| Avjevg: viK|
KweZv 14|
PiY 4| e_&jng: whkyi Rbvb|
KweZv 22|
PiY 3| Kvivi ej: vb-bvg|

PiY 4| nIqv_&: GKUv Mvivb|
PiY 6| M_&wmgvwb: gZzi c~ew`bi ivZ whky GB evMvb Zuvi
wklì wbq ivZ KvwUqwQjb| Gmgq wZwb Zuvi Avmb
gZzhYvK `LZ cq fq PuwPq IVb: wcZv! wcZv! GB
weli cvbcv Avgvi mvgb _K mwiq bvI! ejv nqQ, Zuvi
`ni i Nvg nq ewiq AvmwQj ZLb| GB evMvbB, fviivZ whkyK ZuviB GK wkl, RyWvm, ivRmbì nvZ awiq `q|
PiY 8| AvvWj: wMK cyivY-gZ nwWR ev cvZvji dzj,
cimdvwbi KvQ cwe| cvPxb BsiwR I divwm KweZvq
WvdvwWj dzj| Dfq A_B GLvb Dw gb nq|
wWwKbmb kZK
301
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
PiY 9| BWb: ^Mv`vb, cvivWvBm, b`b, wdi`m Av`g I

nnvi Avw` evmvb|
PiY 12| ewU: Gwgwj ewU?
KweZv 30|
PiY 3| fvwLvbv: PvjvBNi, kyuwoLvbv XvKvBqv eywj|
KweZv 31/32| GKB KweZvi `ywU Avjv`v fvkb| GZB Avjv`v, h ZvìK `ywU
wfb KweZv wnmve `LZ evav bB|
KweZv 33|
KweZv 39|
Uvqiv: g~j KweZvq KBwU| Avwg Zvi evOvwj-KiY Avgvi gqi

bvg eenvi KiwQ|
PiY 3| Kqvi: wMRvq GKUv wbw` RvqMvq wKQy MvqK-MvwqKv
ev`K-evw`Kv, Dcvmbvi duvK-duvK e`bvMvb Mvq, GìK
mgwMZfve Kqvi ej| h-RvqMvwUZ Zviv _vK, ZvKI Kqvi
KIqv nq| g~j KweZvq Aek AvQ Kwivi, gvb, Kqvii A
f~Z GKRb MvqK|
KweZv 44|
PiY 6| mvvg&: wvbì, weklZt ivgvb Kv_wjK I cvP

A_W& wvbì Rxeb AekKZe mvZwU cyYvbyvb: h_v, 1.
evw (evwRg ev wm&wbs Rbi ci-ci KiYxq, GZ Rj I
Zji viv beRvZKK cwiky, A_vr Av`g-nnv-KZ Avw`cvc
_K gy Kiv nq, Gmgq Zvi bvgKiYI nq), 2. BDKvwi (ev
Kgywbqb A_vr whkyi, Zuvi wklì wbq klfvRbi cybibyvb,
hLb wZwb wklì ga iywU I cvbxq weZiY Ki ejwQjb, GB
iywU Avgvi `n, I GB cvbxq Avgvi i| GB mvvg wKkviwKkvixiv GB cZxKx iywU fY, I cvbxq cvb Ki, Ges Zvici
AvRxeb cwZ-iveevi ewkiKg avwgKiv cwZw`b wMRvq GB
Abyvbi cybivew Ki), 3. Kbdvgkb (nvcY GwU GK
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Zvi cvqwi Abyvb), 5. nvwj AWvi&R& (hvRKZeiY; Kv_wjK
I A_W& cyivwnZì Rb Ges gqì ga hviv bvb& nq,
Zvì Rb weevn wbwl), 6. gvwUgwb (weevn; mvvg& 5 I 6Gi h-Kvbv GKUv Aekcvjbxq, `yUvB bq, ejv evnyj), I 7.
G&wUg Av&kb (Awg jcb; A_vr gZzc~e kl AwflK I
Avkxev`, GZ gZzc_hvx Zvi AvRxebKZ cvci Rb gv cv_bv
Ki I Zj-Rji wblKi viv ZvK Awg hvvi Rb cwiky
Kiv nq)|
KweZv 45|
PiY 15| Rb: whkyi KwbZg wkl| wklì ga wZwbB wQjb
wWwKbmb kZK
302
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
Zuvi wcqZg|
KweZv 46|
PiY 7| bvRvi_: whky I Zuvi cwievii evmvb| whkyK ejv nZ

bvRvi_i whky|
KweZv 59|
PiY 4| mvbvwj ckg: ` Mvb dxm| wMK cyivY Rmb I Zvi

exi mxiv (w` AvMvbU&m&) RvZxq mfvMi wPî~c GB cZxKx
gljvgi cybiyvi wMqwQjb, Ges bvbv Svgjvi ci GK
wdwiq GbwQjb KjwKm _K| Rmb I wgwWqvi (KjwKmi
ivRKzgvix) Kvwnwb eny Dg mvwnZiPbvi Rb w`qQ|
KweZv 81|
BU: mvbvi Zvj|
KweZv 82|
Iwdi: evBej ^Ygq f~wg, hLvb _K ivRv mjvgbi Rb

RvnvR-fwZ mvbv I Abvb `vwg wRwbm AvmZ| GwU I 81-msLK
KweZvwU GKB KweZvi `ywU Avjv`v i~c| AviI GKUv wQj, hLvb
Iwdii evb-K m^vab Kiv nqQ, Avwg mwU Abyev` Kwi wb|
GB KweZvMywj Avgvi KvQ cnwjKvi gZv| KweZv 81-i UxKv
`Lyb|
KweZv 97|
PiY 1| Bwjwmqvg: wMK cyivY, ^M GK wbiewQb kvwgq f~wg,

hLvb, gZzi ci exiì AvZvMywjK wbq wMq Agi Kiv nq|
Zv Avi Kx? nj Zv cv_b? abev` w`q ivwL ez Lvj` nvwg`x, kq AavcK gvmy`
gvn&gy`, wcq wkK AavcK dKiyj AvjgK, GB AcvO&q Abyev`Mywji cvV I bvbv
cqvRbxq Dc`ki Rb; Ges, AekB, mywZv Avi wbDUb, Avgvi cvYi `vmi GB
Kwe`wZK, P`veZx-Z Gi cKvkbvi Rb; cwikl Avgvi x, wgbwZ gvMviU
MvgRK, gvS-gvS evav ZwiZ fyj hvevi Rb| wbe`bwgwZ Abyev`Km|
wmWwb, Awjqv
bfî 2005 Bt
wWwKbmb kZK
303
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
AviK AvKvk GLvb AvQ,

wbZzB wm I myì,
AviK i` RjQ bxP
AKviI wbii;
`ytL Kviv bv, I fvB iwe,
wbg gvV wbiyw`&?
GB Zv Qv kvg-AUwe,
jZvcvZv hvi wPinwir;
G-Kz wPi-DRj meB,
gyg~ly Gi Ki bv kxZ;
kvbv, Agwjb cyvcwi
DQj ggvwQi MxZ
Gmv Gmv fvB, wgbwZ Kwi,
Avgvi evMvb ckv ZwiZ!
(There is another sky, 2)
2
Avh mvMi
eq Pjv Ii
nv! mvis, nv!
Pbv wK mB Zxi
h_vq Dvj bxi
Soi ci wi?
ckv cwg
KZ cvj h _g,
KZB bvOi djv
m_vq be Zvgvq
Abi wmxgvq
ejvkli ejvq!
(On this wondrous sea, 4)
wWwKbmb kZK
305
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

3
fvevPvKv, w`b-GK-`yB
AcywZ, wVK fxwZ bq G
Avgvi evMvb GK APbv gqi
gyLvgywL nq|
MvQiv KiQ kyiy Zvi Bkvivq
mewKQz Avi m gv_v SuvKvjB
m`n Kx, GiKg `k
Avgvi wQj bv evm Kwb&KvjB!
(Baffled for just a day or two, 17)
4
GKUv cvcwo, GK Dc-`j, Avi GK KuvUv

dvMyb-wenvb mv`vgvUv
wkwkii KYv GK-NwU
ggvwQ GKwU ev `ywU
nvIqvi SvcU GK MvQì gvS GK jvd
Avi Avwg, GKUv Mvjvc!
(A sepal, petal, and a thorn, 19)
5
wQj m Nywgq MvQi Zjvq GK

Avgvi gbB cowQj m wZjK|
bxie `vjbv Qyuq w`B Zvi
Pb m cvqi k Avgvi
jvj Rvgv Mvq ci wbj, Avi
`vL&!
(She slept beneath a tree, 25)
6
GgbB mKvj Avgvì QvovQvwo

GgbB `ycyi RM DVj m nvq
cvLv SvcUvj Zvici ivkfvwi
XyK Mj Zvi gbvig khvq|
wWwKbmb kZK
306
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
Avav Kvbv K_v dvU wb Kv Zvi gyL

Avgvi Rb wMqwQj î iyL
evev nqQ m Mvp AveMi Pvc
Avi Avwg mvc
Zvici evR mvi AvMgbx,
c`vUv KD Ub w`j fvjv Ki
ZvovZvwo! GK Zxe LkLkvwb!
gqbvUv Mj Do!
(Morns like these we parted, 27)
7
fm hvq! GK QvU bvI fm hvq!

ivZ bg Avm `kw`K& Kvjv Ki!
KD wK Pvwjq be bv bKvwUK
KvQvKvwQ Kvbv kni ev eì?
AZxZ Kvji K_v ej bvweKiv
mv ZLb jMQ ev`vwg nZ,
QvU GK bvI Qo `q nvZ-cv I
Mj&Mj& Ki bg hvq fvwU-mvZ|
AZxZi K_v ej è`~ZivI
cfvZi iO ivZzj nevi ci
QvU GK bvI So-So emvgvj
KU gvyj, QuU dj Zvi cvj
Zzixqvb` QyU Mj eivei!
(Adrift! A little boat adrift, 30)
8
KD Pb bv Qv MvjvcwUi
Zx_cw_K nqZv nZ mI
hw`-bv Zv wbZvg c_ wQuo,
Zvgvi nvZ Zzj w`Z, wcq!
kyay m GK ggvwQiB wZ
nqZv ne, kyayB cRvcwZ
wWwKbmb kZK
307
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
nZvk ne j^v mdi-kl

`y` Zvi eyK kyZ Gm
kyay Kvbv cvwLB Kuvè LyuR,
`xNkvm dje kyayB nvIqv
Avnv Qv Mvjvc mnR Kx h
Zvgvi gZb Kviyi gi hvIqv!
(Nobody knows this little Rose, 35)

9
hbZb GK DrmRb
Rbve AgyK, evey ZgyKi bvg,
Rxeb Avcb EYv evb
Lv`vB Zv Zv-B kwn`ì Avjevg!
(By such and such an offering, 38)
10
EawZ wcZt!
bRi iLv G-g~wlKi ci
weovjwU hvK KiQ KzwMZ!
evwbq iLv Mv ivR Zvgvi
GKUv cvmv` Bu`yii Zi
AvuUvmvUv GK è AvjgvwiZ,
w`bgvb hvZ VvKivbv hve,
Pmg~n hLb Amskq
Mwoq Pje Mxifve!
(Papa above, 61)
11
mvdj Zvì KvQ mePq wgVv

hviv Kfy nq wb mdj
hviv mePq ewk KiQ meyi
ZvivB Zv Pb gIqv-dj|
Mvjvwc weRqx-`j, AvR hviv nvZ
eRqx KiQ enb
Zvì mvavZxZ weRqi g~j
wWwKbmb kZK
308
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
mZi gg-DNvUb
kyay h wewRZ, Avi gZcvq, ZviB
wbwl Kvbi gvS evR
`~ii weRqivj emZ nq
cwivi KwVb AvIqvR|
(Success is counted sweetest, 67)
12
Ljvi QjB giY Gjv gqi

Zzwo gi Dwoq w`j m
wbavwiZ cniMywj, nvq,
Zvici GK ZzwK-Avb`
Zwjq Mj dzji weQvbvq|
Nyi MQ Kvj Avi AvR f~Z Zvi
cvnvo-cvnvo QbQvov
iycvwj ckg nqQ KzZv
wkwkiwe`y nqQ Pnviv|
(She died at play, 75)
13
cjvqb kUv kybjB

i PjZi avq
AvPgKv, Lvqk GKLvbv
GK Dxb Awfcvq|
GgbwK kyi RjLvbv,
kywb wb, mbiv Ki a~wj
Kv_vI SuvKvB e_v Zey
evi evi wbR-wkKMywj|
(I never hear the word escape, 77)
wWwKbmb kZK
309
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

14
AvgvK evQ wb Zviv, ejj m,

Zvì eQwQjvg Avwg!
GK fvOv n`qi Dw ecivqv
DPvwiZ e_&jng!
Avgvi Amva wQj KIqv,
whkyB mvnm Kij hw`, Ze ewj,
ivRb&! Zvgvi Acgvb
fvM Ki wbqwQj GKUv Pvgwj!
(They have not chosen me, he said, 85)

15
Avgvi ez cvwL eU
Kbbv m Io!
Avgvi ez, bkiI m,
Kbbv m gi!
ggvwQ-cvq nyj AvQ Zvi miy!
nv ez DU!
Zzwg Avgvq Kiv Mv weg~p!
(My friend must be a bird, 92)

16
I XvwK! Avgvi cfy NygyQ n_vq|

`qv Ki Iui KvQ wbq hv Avgvq!
Kzjvq evbvZ GmwQjvg Avwg h,
c_g dmj eybZ cv_wgK exR
kyiy nj mcY Zzlvii nvbv
nyRyii ewMZ Kvgivi `vi
_K, Pvgwjiv w`j c_i wbkvbv
Avi yev`yi|
(Sexton! My Masters sleeping here, 96)
wWwKbmb kZK
310
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

17
ivgaby Kfy ej bv Avgvq

Zzdvb dzumQ KvQwKbvi,
Zey `kbkvi Pq
wek Zv eny evcvi|
dzjiv Avgvi dvivg-wegyL
hwÌ Zviv Zv fvjvB Rvb
KvUv hv evSvZ cvi wb AvgvK
kyay cvwLMywj wQj GLvb!
(The Rainbow never tells me, 97)
18
G Kgb cvkvjv, hvZ

Akyf wbkywZivZ
kyZ Avm wK~Z cw_K?
K Gi gvwjK?
KvRi gqiv KB?
KMywj Kx h AjwKK!
AwMKz jvj-jvj AvMyb Zv bB
DcP co bv Kvbv UU^yi wcc
B`RvwjK! gvwjK!
Kviv H Avm Pzc-Pzc?
(What inn is this, 115)
19
ez h nvb ezK
nv hy wPj!
Avwg LZvei wm`yK,
mI cwiYZ wb`yK
mvgwiK GB j!
hw` cvB, Ze e`yK
Mywj Ki gi gvbylRvZ
aie, Me, Zvgvi nvZ|
(My friend attacks my friend, 118)
wWwKbmb kZK
311
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

20
enyRb iZ muvZvi
Avgvi cqvjv-cv_vi,
ebvbxi Lyk-ey QvU
Avgvi ev`vwg PziyU|
(Many cross the Rhine, 123)

21
Zv Pbvq Rj|
fvUvi mvMi j|
MwZK Pbvq NvZ
hy Pbvq kvw
cvwLK ZzlvicvZ|
(Water is taught by thirst, 135)

22
Pw`K& eo PZzi kvIjv,

AvMvQvq c_-wP bvB Zv,
Kvivi ej-Gi Qv LuvPvwU
mybmvb nIqv_&-G kvwqZ|
KZ h chUbi A
M_&wmgvwb-B ejZ cvi Zv
cuQvj m Kx-K-Ak
AvvWj-Gi evMvbevwoZ!
Si BWb-Gi KvwKj-KvKwj
AvjZv Avi Dv m-Kvb
Avnv! ^Mi Kx-`ycyi mUv,
hLb ewU XyKj mLvb!
(All overgrown by cunning moss, 148)

23
a~wjB GKgv inm

gZzB GKgv, hvi
cvvB cve bv Kvbv Zzwg
Avcb kni Zvi|
wWwKbmb kZK
312
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
Zvi evev-K wPbZ bv Kvbv jvK,

KLbI m wQj bv evjK
bv Kvbv Ljvi mvw_ wQj,
wKsev Kvbv kvb bRyj-I
KgV! AZxe mscx!
mshZ! mywi!
ewMi cviv mvnwmK!
b-enii Pq axi!
evbvq, cvwLi gZvI!
wL H bxo jyV Ki
eveyBqi ci eveyB
AcnZ, wekvgi Zi!
(Dust is the only secret, 153)

24
Avn&, myì f~Zwe`v!

Avn&, Mywbb wevb&!
Avgvq kLvI hw` m-Kvq`v
Ze H hYv KiZvg ciL
hvi ckgb e_ kjwPwKrmK,
wKsev hZ Ilwa AviK
e-dvq`v!
(Ah! Necromancy sweet, 177)

25
hLb `vqj cvwL

Avme Avevi wdi,
euPB bv-hw` _vwK,
w`qv Ly`, cvwLwUi|
Nyg ej, klUv
kyKwiqv bv-hw` RvU,
Rvbe Ki hvwQ Pv
k MvwbUi VvuU|
(If I shouldnt be alive, 182)

wWwKbmb kZK
313
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

26
IMv dzj, Zzwg `ylv bv Awji,

h Zvgvi `vi Avm Nyi-wdi,
gynygynyt h cmv` Zvgvi hvP
eis kLvI cw_Ki mB
eMg mvqev AvR Ni bB
ejZ, DUKv AvMyKi KvQ|
(The Flowers must not blame the Bee, 206)

27
Zvgvi mv_ giyf~Z

Zvgvi mv_ Zvq
Zvgvi mv_ ZuZzjeb
wPZvi kvm klUvq!
(With thee, in the Desert, 209)

28
cvZjv c`vi bxP wPv GKLvwb

ewk nq
cxbZv cKU h_v KuvPzwji Zj,
wKsev Kzqvkvq wngvjq|
(The Thought beneath so slight a Film, 210)

29
z`Zg b`xI avq mgyì Uvb;

IMv Kvwqvb Zvgvi cvb|
(Least Riversdocile to some Sea, 212)

30
Avwg PvwL GK Af~Zc~e myiv

gyvq-Kuv`v cvbcvi _K
ivBb-Zxii KvbvB fvwLvbv
PvjvB KiZ cvie bv Kfy GK
DZj nvIqvi gvZvj Avwg Mv, Avi
wkwkii jU
wWwKbmb kZK
314
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
MwjZ bxji cvwbevm _K

wPiem Nyi wdwi jrcr
g gayc, gvaexi `vi _K
gvwjKiv he SuwUq Kie evi
cRvcwZìI Afw nq hve:
ZLbI Avgvi Aweivg gayevi!
dikZv hZ `vjve Zzwnb Uzwc
miv me QyU hve Rvbvjvq
`LZ GKUv bvevjK g`c
njvb w`qQ mvRv m~hi Mvq
(I taste a liquor never brewed, 214)
31
wbivc`&, Zvì wUK-KzVywiZ

hvì Quvq bv fvi, Avi
Quvq bv `ycyi
cybiyvbi bg m`miv Nygvq AMva
mvwUbi _vg Zvi,
iZi Qv`|
nvv nvm nvIqv
Zvì Dci Zvi cjvq Kjvq
gi weoweo fb wbivm Kvb,
wgw cvwLiv mva Avmvav Mjvq
Kx gnvb& mvabv h b GBLvb!
(Safe in their alabaster chambers, 216 A, 1859)

32
wbivc`&, Zvì wUK-KzVywiZ

hvì Quvq bv fvi,
Quvq bv `ycyi
cybiyvbi bg m`miv kyq wPrcvZ
mvwUbi _vg Avi iZi Qv`!
kZel AwZv Zvì Dci euvKv Puv`
kZ wek mP Pj eywnZ Zvì
wWwKbmb kZK
315
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
kZ Awi evq ùvo

wkivcviv Lk co bZviv cYZ nq me
Zzlvii _vj GK duvUvi gZb mybxie
(Safe in their alabaster chambers, 216 B, 1861)

33
hw` m
Uvqiv-mvbv nuvU
fvjvgvbyl `ywU
me`v Zvi cvk,
òq Uvqiv hw` ZLb
ZvivI wcQb-wcQb
QvU Eakvm,
hLbB Uvqiv Mvo nuvUz
mvnvwM nvZ-`yUv
ivL Zvi AvM&j
nvmv i Uvqiv wnwnnvnv
Ggb `yRb Qvqv
cvIqv wK Kg fvMi!
(When Katie walks, this simple pair accompany her side, 222)
34
cg ivZ cg ivZ!
Zvgvi m Kij evm
cg ivZ Avgvì nZ
eRwejvm!
wbj eq AbyKj nvIqv
eì-wZ wnqv-cvb nvq
cvZ bv h PvL Kvm, Avi
gvbwPi wb`kbvq!
b`b bvI evIqv
Avn&, mvMi!
AvR ivZ kyay cviZvg hw` Zvgvi wfZi
djZ bvOi!
(Wild nightsWild nights, 249)
wWwKbmb kZK
316
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

35
eovi Icvi
_vKv-_vKv djQ euwP
eovi Icvi
Pv w`j, eq DVZ cviZvg ewK
euwP eoB PgrKvi!
wKy hw` Avgvi Gcb `vM jvM
Cki AekB Avgvq eKeb!
A_P nZb hw` wZwbI evjK
wbNvZ DVZb eq hw` cviZb|
(Over the fence, 251)
36
Aeva nqwQ wK Zuvi?

kyay GKevi!
nyKzg KiwQjb ZuvK fyj hZ
cvwi wb m-cvV wkL wbZ|
m wbRB hw` Ggb eywbvkv,
Avgvì wK DwPZ bv
Zvi Pq eyz QjwUK fvjevmv
ZzwgI wK Zv-B KiZ bv?
(Did we disobey him, 267)
37
Avwg KD bB! Avcwb K nb?

AvcwbI KD bb?
Avgiv `yRb Ze Pzc! Pzc!
RvbjB, Iiv è Zv wbevmb
KD nIqv Kx h `yNU, mB
evOi gZb ZgbB cKU
w`bgvb Rcv Avcbvi bvg
GKUv gy Wvevi wbKU!
(I m nobody! Who are you, 288)
wWwKbmb kZK
317
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

38
w`bi m cwZhvwMZv Avgvi

`y`ywU m~hv cve GB jdvdvq
w`bi GKUv AvuKv nZ-bv-nZB
Avgvi `yLvbv kl wKQy Zviv dvD
hwÌ ^xKvi KiwQ h Zvi QwewU
AwaK wbLuyZ Zey, ZvgvK ewj G
AvgviwU Avi-hv-nvK eRvq mnR
GgbwK enb Kiv Pj, nvZ wbq
(I send two Sunsets, 308)
39
KD KD iweevi wMRvq KvUvq,

Avwg Zv KvUvB Ni em _K Vvq
Avgvi gqbv bq Kqvii vb,
wMRvi M^yR eb Avgvi evMvb
KD KD iweevi aovP~ov ci,
Avwg kyay cvLvwUK Kwi cwiavb
wMRvi NvK Dcv Ki
Avgvi Nvev`K Mq IV Mvb
Cki cyiyZ nb myhvRK ej
LvZ wZwb v Zuvi me`vB QvU
ZvB, cw_kl ^M cuQvi e`j
Avwg kyay PjZ _vwK `~i AweiZ|
(Some keep the Sabbath going to Church, 324)

40
gVv c_ w`q nuU Gjv GK cvwL

Avwg h `LwQ, `vL wb ZLbI evQv
RbK Kviv-K Kvgo aij VvuU,
Ljv ePvivK KuvPv!
GKUv wkwki Ljv m myiyr Ki
myweavRbK GKUv Nvmi _K
wWwKbmb kZK
318
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
cvkvcvwk w`q Qv GKUv jvd

c_ Ki w`j GKRb MyeoK
PwKZ PvBj gyL Zzj GKevi
Pvwiw`K `yZ eywjq wbj m PvL
fxZ GKRvov cyuwZi gZb hb
wecrcwZZ jvK
bvovj m Zvi gLgj-gv_v Avwg
GKLvbv Ly` mvajvg ZvK hB
Lyj Mj Zvi MvUvbv cvjKMywj,
I ZrYvr, Ni-cvb Mj eq
ùvoi mvwii Pq gvjvqg-fve
GZB iycvwj, `LvB hvq bv Rvo
h_v cRvcwZ `ycyii cvo nZ
jvwdq, muvZ&i MjI IV bv kvi
(A Bird came down the Walk, 328)
41
Avwg hv cvwi, Zv Kie

hw`-ev Zv nq evgbiI Pq Le|
Avwg hv cvwi bv wbq
`vbeiI PvL weq
(What I can do I will, 361)
42
NYvi Rb wQj bv mgq, Kbbv

Kei AvgvK AvUKvZ gvS co,
Rxeb Avgvi Ggb j^v wQj bv,
h, kyZvi hZ cvwi idv Ki
fvjevmeviI wQj bv mgq; wKy
hnZz wKQy Zv KiZB Zey ne:
cg coevi cqvmUzKzB, wPv
KiwQ, Avgvi h_ KvR, fe|
(I had no time to hate, because, 478)

wWwKbmb kZK
319
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

43
kvbv hvq, GKevi wngvjqI SuyK cowQj

cvqi Zjvq `L Qv ivOv dzj
ìì cvZ Po, Kbvq fi KiwQj
Kxfve me nj Ggb cyZzj
hvi jvwM Zuvey _K ZuveyZ wbwLjI
Zzlvi-wbkvb Zzj nqQ gkMyj!
(The Himmaleh was known to stoop, 481)

44
AvQ Gi hver Rxeb

hver bv-jvM Mvq gZzi Quvqv
G I Avwg hZY
Djnb Kwi GKB nvIqv
GKB i Mwo Avevmb
GKB mvvgi RvZK Avgiv `yRb
Avwg `wL, wefvM enyav Ki, Ki Drmv`b
cg Rxebi mg wKsev `xN ZiB eis
cg giYiI cviv, Kei hZY AvQ I
m ^qs cybiyxeb
h a~wj Iovq Avi Mvb Mvq euvPv!
(While it is alive, 491)
45
Avgvi cZxwZK Kij UvbvUvwb,

ZvZ wK bgbxq nj Zv?
SuvKvj m h `p Avgvi AvvK,
Avv gb wbj civRq?
Dwoq Qyuo w`j Avgvi wekvm,
nj wK wekvm Lvb&Lvb&?
RvwiZ Kij m mgyrKvq,
GKUv mvqyI wK Kuvcj?
hvZbv w`q m h AvgvK gvPovj,
ZvK Zv m`n Kwi wb
m Kvb& Aciva w`Q kvw m
AvgvK Zv-I Kfy ej wb
wWwKbmb kZK
320
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
giQ Qywi nvq, hLb Avwg Zvi

wgw gv cZ wMqwQ
I whky, Pq `vLv, ZvgviB Rb Avwg,
gviQ Kb Zzwg AvgvK?
(He strained my faith, 497)
46
AZt cv_bv evwK AvQ evwK AvQ

n whky evZvmevmx
Kvb& Kvgivq Zzwg _vKv Rvwb bv Zv,
`yqvi `yqvi Nyi e_ wdi Avwm
`wY f~wgK NwUqQ Zzwg
N~wYSo mvMi Zvjcvo
ejv, bvRvi_i `yjvj,
AvgvK `qvi bvB nvZ wK Zvgvi?
(At leastto prayis leftis left, 502)

47
B_i-GKi wbcwZZ
cwiavb Nvmi Pvcovi MvDb
wbZvqx jmi ebvZ
evP wngvwqZ ZvI
myeYKkix Ak iRZ-kKU
gvjvgvj vc-euvav gvwZ
cvjKi c_ Z_v nxiK-PveyK
Lvb evnv`yiK `LZ QvU cZMwZ
(Dropped into the ether acre, 665)
48
Avn&, Ubwid&!
weevwM f~ai!
Kvji eMwb _vg Ze jvwM nvq!
m~hv cheY Ki Zvi bxjKv dR
wèm ZvgvK vc ivZzj we`vq!
wWwKbmb kZK
321
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
GLbI Zzlvievm AveZ bai

MvwbUi Eiy Avi BvZ-ckj mvby
~c jL bv RuvK we`vqi evS
Avn&, Ubwid!
GLbI Avwg h bZRvby
(Ah, Teneriffe, 666)
49
h-AvZvi AwZw_ iqQ

m Kfy evBi hvq Avi?
^Mxq AwZw_ wbR-Ni
gyQ `q Zvi ìKvi
mRb eviY Ki Kvbv
AwZw_i we`vq, hLb
me gvbyli gnvivRv
Afi w`qQ `kb
(The Soul that has a Guest, 674)

50
euP _vKv m-B Zv gZv

AwZ ^wb
Avi-KvbvwKQyiB Zv ìKvi bvB
mekwgv h_
euP _vKv GB ceYZv!
Ckii mgvb CwkZv
Avgvì wbgvZv Kx QvB
Gg&wb ebv mxgveZv!
(To be alive is power, 677)
51
hnZy giYevey-i Rb _vgZ cvwi wb Avwg,

m-B `qv Ki _gwQj n_v;
Avi, MvwoUvq aiwQj kyay Avgvì `yRbi,
Avi AgiZv|
wWwKbmb kZK
322
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
axi axi PjwQjvg Avgiv, Ii-I bvB Zvov, Avi

Qvojvg AKvZi
Avgvi cwikg, wekvg, Zvi
mRbi LvwZi|
cwiq wMqwQ Muqv cvVkvjv, wkkyiv hLvb
LjwQj KvbvgvwQ;
cwiq wMqwQ LZ fiv mvbv-avb;
Am~h cwiq wMqwQ|
Zvici GK Mni mgxc _gwQ wKQymgq,
gvwUi kixi dvov m w`we,
Qv`wU gvUB `wMvPi bq
KvwbmUvI hb GK wXwe|
Zvici eny kZK weMZ, Zey, meMywj Zv
gb nq mB w`bwUiI Pq QvU,
hw`b c_gevi `Ljvg H Nvovì gv_v
Ab-cvb QvU|
(Because I could not stop for Death, 712)

52
wèv weembv KiwQj AvcbvK,

gLjve mvbvq Movbv,
iwg Zvi mvqv
cvî ZZB cyivbv
hZ cyivZb aiv
Avi, Zey mB ZviKv, b~Zb
Mvjva RovjB
KzwZ wVK m ZviB gZb
cv_bv Kiv hvq, GZ KvQ _vK hw` Cki?
^Mi GZ KvQ K Wivq?
cZxPx-i~cmx H
DMnxb Avivg Movq
Zvi c`xci cKU wbevcY,
mjZi `c`cvwbiv bvP
wWwKbmb kZK
323
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
emdivmi gvyj-mgevq
Avi M^yR, Rvbvjvi KvP
(The day undressedherself, 716)

53
Mvq Nqv M eywS GB nj M KZv

gvv-i Avgvi KvQ bv bv MxZjZv GUv
mePvBZ gmjv`vi De hZ-hZ
hv wKbv GK Lqvjgv Ivw` iywPZ|
(They have a little Odorthat to me, 785)
54
igYxqZv-B Zvi GKgv MyY,

Zv-I GZ Kg Rvwi
G GK Kjvi weKvk Riywi
AviI GK Kjv Zvwid|
(Her Grace is all she has, 810)

55
GKwU cni hb GKwU mvMi

ezi-Avgvi gvS fqvj, `yi
Avevi, mvvZ Zvi, m-B Zv eì|
(An hour is a sea, 825)
56
GKUv LeiB Rvwb

AgiZv nZ
fm Avm hZ evYx|
GKwUB kvfv `wL
AvRK, AvMvgx KvjI
kvkZ Pg&Kvj
Avi-GKRbiB kyay
`Lv cvB evi evi
wZwb Cki GKwUB c_ AwZi cvi|
wWwKbmb kZK
324
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
AviI gbvjvfv Lei A_ev `wL hw` igYxq

Avi Kvbv kvfv
ZvgvK Rvbve, wcq!
(The only News I know, 827)
57
MinvwRwi Ki Akixix
gZz hgb Ki
hvi-Zvi Awe`gvb
cw_exi Dci|
KzmsviB mnvq Avgvì,
hgb fvjevmv
mRxeZvi fyw bvk
hyw mebvkv!
(Absence disembodiesas does Death, 860)

58
Avgiv hw` kyay GKUz Lywk nB

gvwUi `yjvwjiv ZvnjB
wewjq w`Z cvi Zvì mviv myL
GKwU gyPwKi e`jB|
(They ask but our delight, 868)
59
c_g Kg LyuR cvIqv,

wZxq, nvivbv,
ZZxq, Zzi Kiv avIqv,
mvbvwj ckg Avbv
PZz_, nj bv Avwevi
cg, gvjviv DavI
cwikl, mvbvwj ckg dwKvi
Rmb dwKvi mI |
(Finding is the first Act, 870)
wWwKbmb kZK
325
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

60
cg Rxebi cvK&,
gZzi civK&,
mwi m~Pbv, Avi
kvmi m~PK|
(Love is anterior to life, 917)

61
gvbbxq wPv G GK,

Uzwc Lyj mvbbvi
hvM hb-ev AvPvbK
c_ `Lv gvbRbvi
h, Aq Avgvì VvuB
hwÌ wqz wcivwgW
wKsev kyKbv evwMPvi cvq
Dc&o hvq mvgvRi wfr|
(It is an honorable thought, 946)

62
eR-IVv NvK KviY kyavB

AvZv GK ^M Mj Pj
Di Avm GK m myi
^M wK Mvi` Zvnj?
Nv evR, hver mevB RvbZ cvi
AvZv GK ^M MQ Pj
Avgvi Zv gb nq Avmj GKUv
myLei w`Z nq ej|
(Of tolling bell I ask the cause, 947)

63
Zvgvi Rb gi-hvIqv, e Qv ZvM,

mvgvb GK wMK-I cviZ KiZ|
euvPv eis Xi Xi `yg~j KQ GK
mUvB Zvgvq w`jvg webv-kZ
wWwKbmb kZK
326
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
giY, m GK bMY AZxZB,

wKy euvPb Zvi wfZi fwZ
mnmdY giY ZvZ bB kyay weiwZ
gyn~ZKi Rb kyay giZ|
(Too scanty twas to die for you, 1013)

64
f Rvbvq ILvb AvMyb wQj

Kviv I-a~mi Mv`vK mgxn LvwbK
hvZ wKQyKvj c~e KiQ evm
GKUv we`nx cvYx
AvMyb c_g ky AvjvZ _vK,
nq Zvici Nb, NvjvU,
e`jvq kyay Rvb imvqbwe`&
Kvb& Kvb& me KvebU|
(Ashes denote that Fire was, 1063)

65
mZB evjv, Ze Nywiq eje Zvq

mvdj mgveZb wewbwnZ,
Avgvì `yej cyjKi Zzjbvq
Amn Dj mZi PZt|
`qv` evLvq hgb wkkyi
we`yPgKi fq nq `~i
mZ LkvK Lvmv Zg&wb Avqk,
bBj A ne mevB wbgl
(Tell all the Truth but tell it slant, 1129)

66
AvZb&, Mnv Ze SzuwK

Avmb gZzi mb,
hLvb eis nZ myLx
Zvnvi wenb
(Soul, take thy risk, 1151)

wWwKbmb kZK
327
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

67
LvqvBWvOv `wL wb Avwg KLbI

`wL wb Kfy mvMi
Zey Zv wPwb bjLvMov ev Kvbv
Dz jni|
wefyi mv_ ewj wb K_v KLbI,
^M Kfy hvB bvB
wbwZ h, `LwQ Zvi wVKvbv
K Rvb Kx m-Avqbvq
(I never saw a Moor, 1052)
68
`~iZ ivRZ bq kqvji,

bq cvwLi wij-q
Avq `~iZ Zv-B, wcq,
hZY ZvgvK bv-w`j!
(Distance is not the realm of Fox, 1155)

69
wKQy w`b, evwKMywj _K

bvRyK ZdvZ mi hvq,
h-w`b nvivbv mvw_ di
A_ev nyZvk gi hvq|
(Some Days retired from the rest, 1157)

70
RvwgwZ miv Rv`ywe`v

Rv`yKii gb
Zvi gvgywj KvRMywjI
gvbei KviY|
(Best Witchcraft is Geometry, 1158)

71
Zvi mygnvb& miwYmg~n

weiwZi cwZek Kiq Mgb
wWwKbmb kZK
328
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
G-vb ~c bvwn A_ev weMn,

bvwn Kv ev , Z_v AvBb-Kvbyb
Nwo Kn, Bnv fvi, iRwbi Zey
my`~ii Nvawb Avevnb Ki
wKy n_v Kvbvi~c hyMvi Zuvey
co bv h wbtkwmZ mgqi Zi|
(Great streets of silence led away, 1169)

72
GK big mvMi XD-QjQj evwoi Pvwiw`K,

mB mvMi Mov em nvIqvq,
RvMj, Wyej, `yjj ZvMywj
fmwQj hviv wbwavq
Avi, Kvvb Zvi wQj cRvcwZ,
Avi, mvis ggvwQ,
Avi, GK cyiv wekRMr Drdzj Lvjvwm|
(A soft sea washed around the house, 1198)

73
h-auvav ai djwQ Avwg, Zvq

ccvV Qyuwo b`gvq
Avi-wKQyB Zgb evwm bq
hgZv MZKvji weq
(The riddle we can guess, 1222)

74
hw` bv-nwiZvg m~h

Qvqvi cvwiZvg Ze mq wbZ
wKy Avjv GK b~ZbZi giy
MRvBqvQ hvnv Avgvi giyZ
(Had I not seen the Sun, 1233)
wWwKbmb kZK
329
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

75
gayKi wWOv Wve hw` gg

Wyee Zv GK Ab mvMi
giZvi bxPZjvZB AgiZv evm Ki|
(If my bark sink, 1234)
76
KD di bv Lvwj-nvZ
hki D`vi ìMvn&Z
wKy iywU Kym AwZ,
gyV Lvj bv ai&bvZ!
(The beggar at the door of fame, 1240)

77
fviZxq gyijxi gZv mv`v

AkvKcyi cviv ivZv
AjxK `ycyi hb wè kkai
deyqvwii cni
(White as an Indian pipe, 1250)
78
bxieZv hv-wKQy Avgiv fq cvB|

gywcY GKUv AvIqvR
wKy, bxieZv wbiewa,
bvB Zvi Avcbvi Kvbv Pnviv h!
(Silence is all we dread, 1251)
79
eywS
hZ
Avnv
BvZ-SvoZ
Zzlvi Avi gviyZ
kxZi ivv gyQ mvd&
ìRvq wLj co, AvKvk
m~h wbqvM Ki dvKvm
ivR`~Zì, hviv fvwi wbvc
h_vq DoZ cvwL
wWwKbmb kZK
330
myeZ AMvwb MvgR
kyay
bxieZv eua ivL

cvqvfvwi NvovwUi Zvi
fuvovi-fwZ me
RovRwo Ki me
ZvivB Kej KZv|
(Like brooms of steel, 1252)

80
meB wbq hvI, AvQ hv Avgvi KvQ

Pzwii hvM GKUvB kyay gvj
AgiZv evwK AvQ|
(Take all away, 1365)
81
BUì fvB Avn& ciy

h-wnqv Zvgvq Kb Zv giy
(Brother of IngotsAh Peru, 1366A)

82
Iwdii fvB,
`x we`vq,
ghv`v, mswZg c_
hv Zvgvi w`K hvq|
(Brother of Ophir, 1366 C)

83
hv wQj Kei
GKUv wQ`, AZtci,
Ni|
(A dimple in the tomb, 1489)

84
AvKvki gjhy-Avw`
wbiewQb, wbiewa|
(The competitions of the sky, 1494)

wWwKbmb kZK
331
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

85
I n`qi evÛ,
`my Zvgvq eje K,
jyV KiQ Kx?
wKQy gmjvi we`vn
wKQy AvZii weMn?
Avgvq eje wK?
(Sweet Pirate of the heart, 1546)

86
evm Ki m AviK cw_exZ,

wekvm Avgvi, jv-Reve
meB wQj cv Avgvi KvQ
ebvi AvM m beve|
(Lives he in any other world, 1557)

87
Kx axi mgxi eq
myaxi mvMigq
Kx h AZi Zvì cvjKPq!
(How slow the wind, 1571)
88
meviB Rb cvZ
Kviv-Kviv Zi ivZ
LyeB ivRKxq KD-KD `vL
Dlmxi avivcvZ|
(Morning is due to all, 1577)

89
Kzuwoiv dzwiq hve,

w`bKi wcVv-`wa,
myii gZb wZ
Myjvwe m wbiewa|
(Blossoms will run away, 1578)

wWwKbmb kZK
332
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

90
Mvjvci `jI hZ fq cvq hLvb

cv evove Kvb& n`q m-Kvjv MZ?
ZvB cvVvjvg ivZzj Avgvi evwnbx
ky Vvv KiZ|
(Where roses would not dare to go, 1582)

91
DQj Rj fqi KviY bB

wKy, h-Rj gb
m fqi, cKwZi wbqgB,
Kbbv, m-Rj c~Y|
(Declaiming Waters none may dread, 1595)

92
A, Zey cPzi,
GKjvB ficyi
GB B_wiq RbZvi
GKRb nq euvPevi
Avgvì bvB AwaKvi?
(Few, yet enough, 1596)

93
cwiwPZ RMrUv Qo
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cvnvo coQ hvi c_
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mg A` GKm,
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è, GKv cvnvo-jNi?
(The going from a world we know, 1603)
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94
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(A Letter is a joy of Earth, 1639)
95
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GLbI `LZ evwK
AgiZv Kvbv ZZxq wKQyi
NvgUv NvPvq bvwK
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we`vqB hv-wKQy, Rvwb, ^Mi AvQ,
Ges, hv-wKQy PvB biKi KvQ|
(My life closed twice before its close, 1732)

96
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wkqvKzj Avi ggvwQ Avi Kx?
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Aek md wèv^cI PjZ cvi KvR
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(To make a prairie it takes a clover and one bee, 1755)

97
nqZv Bwjwmqvg cvki Nii

gZv `~i,
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mBZ h cvi
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(Elysium is as far as to, 1760)
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(Fame is a Bee, 1763)
99
myì cniMywj cyoQ GLvb;

g Kvgiv GK GUv;
GK`v AMyw Avkv DoQ GLvb,
AvR kyay Keii ayay Qvqv n_v|
(Sweet hours have perished here, 1767)

100
Av_&-Kzgvi, Zzwg _Kv kyay mr

wbRi wbKU
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eU|
(Lad of Athens, faithful be, 1768)
101
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hYvI hZ cvi wbR-wPZv-ZK
di-evi dievi Zi|
(The longest day that God appoint, 1769)

102
wbixv cvnviv Zv `q Avgvì

Zvi Ki avZ
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Ki bv iqvZ|
(Experiment escorts us last, 1770)
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335
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

103
myiv VvuU, Zey Zvq dvU QvwZ,

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(Let me not thirst with this Hock at my Lip, 1772)

104
DjwmZ mgq wgjvq wbRi wfZiB,

wcQb dj hvq bv cvqi ayjvI
hYv Zvi GKUv cvjKI bB,
wKsev Iovi c eRvq ~j I
(Too happy Time dissolves itself, 1774)

105
cw_exi Pvwe AbK|

hLvb myii Afve
ARvbv Dcxc Zv m GK|
m`hB G-wbmMi ^-fve|
cZqb Kiv Mv kyay Zvnvi gwKv,
Kiv Mv cZqb Rj Zvi,
Avgvi gb nq Pig welq wSuwScvKv
Zvi kvKMv_vi|
(The earth has many keys, 1775)
wWwKbmb kZK
336
myeZ AMvwb MvgR

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P`veZx: bvix welqK QvUKvMR 1g msLv 2006

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