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Basics of Ecg
Basics of Ecg
NORMAL E C G
RATE: 60 100/ mts MECHANISM: SINUS (P wave precedes QRS) RHYTHM: REGULAR HEART RATE: 300/ NO OF LARGE BOXES BETWEEN TWO SUCCESSIVE QRS COMPLEXES OR 1500/ NO OF SMALL SQUARES BETWEEN TWO SUCCESSIVE QRS COMPLEXES
P WAVE:ATRIAL DEP QRS COMPLEX: VENTRICULAR DEP T WAVE: VENTRICULAR REP U WAVE PR INTERVAL QT INTERVAL
P WAVE:<0.12s WIDTH / HEIGHT PR INTERVAL:0.12s TO 0.2s QRS COMPLEX:<0.12s QT INTERVAL:0.35-0.43s VAT :<0.04s
Q-T INTERVAL Measured In A Lead With Initial q Wave. Measured From Beginning Of q Wave To End Of T Wave. Shortens With Tachycardia And Lengthens With Bradycardia. Q-T Interval Is Corrected For Rate Of 60, Using Bazetts Formula.
E C G: AXIS
DEF : DIRECTION OF MAXIMUM DEP FRONT NORMAL AXIS: -30 to +110 LEFT AXIS: -30 to -90 RIGHT AXIS: +110 to -1 NORTH WEST AXIS: -90 to -180
METHOD 1: SELECT A LEAD WITH MAXIMUM QRS , AXIS WILL BE TOWARDS THIS LEAD. METHOD 2: SELECT A LEAD WITH EQUIPHASIC QRS, AXIS WILL BE AT 90 TO THIS LEAD. METHOD 3: IF TWO LEADS HAVE QRS OF SAME HEIGHT, AXIS WILL BE BETWEEN TWO SUCH LEADS.
E C G : CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
E C G: CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
RT ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT: `P`pulmonale P wave height>2.5mm LT ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT: `P`mitrale -P wave width >2.5mm Notched P wave BIATRIAL ENLARGEMENT: Biphasic P wave in V1 Morris index :P wave depth >2 mm and duration >0.04 s of terminal deflection, suggests LT atrial enlargement
E C G: CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT
E C G: CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
ATRIAL ENLARGEMENT
E C G: CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
RT VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT: R wave >7mm in V1 , R/S ratio in V1>1 R in V1+ S in V6 >11mm LT VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT: R in V6= R in V5 ; R in V6>20mm S in V1>30mm ; R in V6+ S in V1>35mm Romhilt -Estes Score >5
E C G: CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT
E C G: CHAMBER ENLARGEMENT
RT & LT VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT
E C G : HEART BLOCKS
E C G:HEART BLOCKS
TYPES: S A BLOCK A V BLOCK:1 A V BLOCK 2 A V BLOCK (Wenckebach,Mobitz ,2:1 block ) 3A V BLOCK( complete block) BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK ( Rt and Lt ) FASCICULAR BLOCK (Rt and Lt )
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
A V BLOCK: 1HEART BLOCK
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
A V BLOCK:2HEART BLOCK ( Wenckebach Type)
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
A V BLOCK: 2HEART BLOCK (Mobitz Type)
E C G:HEART BLOCKS
A V BLOCK:2HEART BLOCK (2:1Block)
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
A V BLOCK: 3HEART BLOCK (Complete Heart Block)
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
RT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
RT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
LT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
LT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK
E C G: HEART BLOCKS
RT & LT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK
INJURY NECROSIS
LEAD GROUPS Anterior: V1- V6 Septal: V3 V4 Lateral: I, aVL, V5 , V6 High Lateral: I, aVL Inferior: II, III, aVF Posterior: Mirror Image In V1 , V2
I H D: ISCHEMIA
ANGINA
I H D: MI(SUB ENDOCARDIAL)
I H D: MI( INFERIOR )
I H D:MI(ANTERIOR)
E C G : EXTRASYSTOLES
ECTOPICS : SUPRAVENTRICULAR
ECTOPICS:VENTRICULAR
E C G: TACHYARRHYTHMIAS
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
TYPES BASED ON ORIGIN: Supra Ventricular Tachycardia, Ventricular Tachycardia BASED ON MORPHOLOGY: Narrow QRS Tachycardia, Broad QRS Tachycardia BASED ON RHYTHM: Regular Tachycardia , Irregular Tachycardia BASED ON MECHANISM: Reentry, Non Reentry, Pre excitation
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
E C G: TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
JUNCTIONAL TACHYCARDIA
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
E C G: TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
ATRIAL FLUTTER
E C G: TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
MULTIFOCAL ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA NEGATIVE QRS IN V1-V6 AV DISSOCIATION QR COMPLEXES IN V4-V6 LT / NORTH WEST AXIS CAPTURE BEATS NARROW R WITH SLURRED DELAYED S QRS > 0.12s
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
TORSADES DE POINTES
E C G:TACHY ARRHYTHMIAS
VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
E C G: BRADY ARRYHTHMIAS
E C G:BRADY ARRYHTHMIAS
JUNCTIONAL(A V NODAL) RHYTHM
E C G:BRADY ARRHYTHMIAS
IDIOVENTRICULAR RHYTHM
PERICARDITIS
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
E C G:K+ABNORMALITY
HYPOKALEMIA
HYPERKALEMIA