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MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING AND TEACHING

Issues in Materials Development

Material Evaluation

Materials Production

Material Adaptation
ARTICLE 4: Brian Tomlinson. 2012. Materials Development for Language Learning and Teaching. http://journals.combridge.org

MATERIALS EVALUATION
Tomlinson (2003b): Evaluators need to develop their own principled criteria. (approach, procedures, activities adopted & development)
McGrath (2002:31): Materials analysis, first glance evaluation, user feedback, evaluation using situation specific checklists & selection. McDonough & Shaw (2003:61): usability, generalisability, adaptability & flexibility. Cunningsworth (1995): Teaching & learning situation, a neutral analysis, a belief-driven evaluation & selection.

MATERIALS ADAPTATION
Madsen & Bowen (1978): Context, materials, methodology, learners, objectives, target language, teachers personality & teaching style. Grant (1987): Making materials more communicative. Nunan (1999): Making materials more interactive. White (1998): Increasing student participation when using listening materials. McDonough & Shaw (2003): Principles; adding, deleting, modifying, simplifying & reordering. Saraceni (2003): Learnercentred, flexible, open-ended, relevant, universal, authentic, give choices to learners, provocative topics & aesthetic experience.

MATERIALS PRODUCTION (how writers write) Report: Writers rely heavily on retrieval from repertoire, cloning successful publications & spontaneous inspiration. Influence by principles of language acquisition, previous materials, adapting effective activity & creative inspiration. Teachers omitted cultural stereotypes materials & adapt cultural content in ELT reading materials.

ISSUES IN MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT The value of textbooks Strengths: Best medium, cost-effective way of providing learners with security, system, progress, revision, time saving, help administors to achieve course credibility, timetable lesson & standardize teaching. Weaknesses: remove teachers initiative & power, difficult to challenge/ adapt and ignore the learners need & interest.

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