Soal Contigency table dan tree diagram

1. A disease X has a prevalence of 1%. A test for X exists, and a. If you are ill, the test is positive in 90% of cases b. If you are not ill, the test is positive in 10% of cases. You have a positive test: What is the probability that you have X? 2. What is the odds of A if P(A) = 0.8? What can you say about the probability of A if its odds is larger than 1? 3. If the probability to get lung cancer is 0.5% for smokers and 0.1% for non-smokers, what is the overinvolvement ratio? 4. A medical trial into the effectiveness of a new medication was carried out. 120 females and 90 males took part in the trial. Out of those people, 50 females and 30 males responded positively to the medication. Given below is a contingency table with the given information filled in. Female Positive Negative Totals 120 90 50 Male Totals 30

a. What is the probability that the medicine gives a positive result for females? b. What is the probability that the medicine gives a negative result for males? c. Was the medication's success independent of gender? Explain. 5. Use the contingency table below to answer the following questions. Grade 11 Grade 12 Totals Has cellphone 59 No cellphone Totals 6 65 50 3 53 109 9 118

a. What is the probability that a learner from Grade 11 has a cellphone? b. What is the probability that a learner who does not have a cellphone is from Grade 11. c. Are the grade of a learner and whether he has a cellphone or not independent events? Explain your answer