DTM TH 3 2011

1
CNG TY CP VT LIU XY DNG V KHONG SN BNH THUN

------------o0o------------

BO CO NH GI
TC NG MI TRNG
ca D N KHAI THC - CH BIN XY DNG M TN
THNG,X THNG HI, HUYN HM TN, TNH BNH THUN
(CNG SUT 200.000 m
3
NGUYN KHI /NM)
(Bo co c chnh sa theo cc kin gp ti bin bn hp hi ng thm
nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ngy 04 thng 01 nm 2011)

BNH THUN, THNG 1 NM 2011
2
CNG TY CP VT LIU XY DNG V KHONG SN BNH THUN
------------o0o------------

BO CO NH GI
TC NG MI TRNG

ca D N KHAI THC - CH BIN XY DNG M TN
THNG, X THNG HI, HUYN HM TN, TNH BNH THUN
(CNG SUT 200.000 m
3
NGUYN KHI /NM)
(Bo co c chnh sa theo cc kin gp ti bin bn hp hi ng thm
nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ngy 04 thng 01 nm 2011)

CH D N N V T VN

BNH THUN, THNG 1 NM 2011
3
MC LC

K HIU CH VIT TT .......................................................................................... 5
DANH MC BNG ...................................................................................................... 6
M U ....................................................................................................................... 10
1. XUT X CA D N ........................................................................................... 10
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM ............... 10
2.1. C s php l lp bo co .............................................................................. 10
2.2. Cc tiu chun, quy chun p dng trong Bo co ........................................ 13
2.3. Ngun ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh lp Bo co ......................... 14
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH LP TM .............................. 15
4. T CHC THC HIN TM .................................................................................. 15
CHNG 1: M T TM TT D N ................................................................... 17
1.1. TN D N ........................................................................................................... 17
1.2. CH D N........................................................................................................... 17
1.3. V TR A L CA D N ................................................................................ 17
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N .................................................................... 19
1.4.1. Hnh thc u t v cng sut la chn ...................................................... 19
1.4.2. Tr lng khong sn v tui th m .......................................................... 19
1.4.3. Cng tc XDCB, m va nm th 1 ........................................................... 20
1.4.4. Tng mt bng m ........................................................................................ 22
1.4.5. Cng tc bi thng, gii ta ...................................................................... 25
1.4.6. Quy trnh cng ngh khai thc - ch bin ............................................... 25
1.4.7. Thot nc m ............................................................................................. 32
1.4.8. Cng tc vn ti ........................................................................................... 35
1.4.9 Cng tc thi ............................................................................................ 35
1.4.10. Cc nhu cu v nguyn, nhin, vt liu v in nng ................................ 36
1.4.11. T chc qun l sn xut v d kin tin thc hin .............................. 39
1.4.12. Cng tc gii phng mt bng ................................................................... 41
1.4.13. Tng vn u t v d tr li nhun ......................................................... 41
CHNG 2 ................................................................................................................... 44
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI ............................. 44
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG ........................................................ 44
2.1.1. iu kin a hnh, a cht ......................................................................... 44
2.1.2. iu kin kh tng - thy vn ..................................................................... 50
2.1.3. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin khu vc d n.................. 55
2.2. IU KIN KINH T - X HI ........................................................................... 60
2.2.1. iu kin Kinh t .......................................................................................... 60
2.2.2. iu kin X hi ........................................................................................... 62
CHNG 3 .................................................................................................................. 63
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG ................................................................ 63
3.1. NH GI TC NG ........................................................................................ 63
3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng giai on XDCB (nm th 1) ...................................... 63
4
3.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng giai on khai t cng sut thit k (Nm th 2 n
nm 15) ................................................................................................................... 69
3.1.3. Ngun gy tc ng giai on kt thc khai thc, ng ca m, phc hi
mi trng (nm th 17) ........................................................................................ 89
3.1.4. nh gi tc ng ........................................................................................ 89
3.1.5. D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra .......................... 100
3.2. NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI ... 102
CHNG 4 ................................................................................................................ 104
CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG NGA V NG
PH S C MI TRNG ................................................................................... 104
4.1. GIAI ON XDCB - NM 1 .............................................................................. 104
4.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong giai on XDCB ............... 104
4.1.2. Cc bin php phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng trong giai on
XDCB ................................................................................................................... 106
4.2. GIAI ON KHAI THC T NM 2 N NM 15 ........................................ 106
4.2.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong giai on khai thc ........... 106
4.2.2. Bin php phng trnh cc s c mi trng trong giai on khai thc .. 119
CHNG 5 ................................................................................................................. 121
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG .............................. 121
5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG ................................................... 121
5.2. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG .................................................. 127
5.2.1. Gim st cht thi ...................................................................................... 127
5.2.2. Gim st mi trng xung quanh .............................................................. 129
5.2.3. Cc chng trnh gim st khc ................................................................ 130
5.2.4. D tr chi ph cho hot ng gim st mi trng ................................... 130
CHNG 6 ................................................................................................................. 132
THAM VN KIN CNG NG ........................................................................ 132
6.1. KIN PHN HI CA UBND ........................................................................ 132
6.2. KIN PHN HI CA UB MTTQ .................................................................. 132
6.3. KIN PHN HI CA CH D N: ............................................................ 133
KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT ................................................................. 135
I. KT LUN .............................................................................................................. 135
II. CAM KT ............................................................................................................... 135
PH LC KM THEO ............................................................................................... 138

5
K HIU CH VIT TT

ATGT An ton giao thng
BHL Bo h lao ng
BKHCN B Khoa hc v Cng ngh
BKHCN&MT B Khoa hc Cng ngh v Mi trng
BTNMT B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
CP C phn
CTNH Cht thi nguy hi
TM nh gi tc ng mi trng
CTV a cht Thy vn
CCT a cht Cng trnh
TXD u t xy dng
VC ng vn chuyn
VT n v tnh
XD xy dng
GSMT Gim st mi trng
HST H sinh thi
KCB Khu ch bin
KTXH Kinh t - X hi
Max Gi tr ln nht
Min Gi tr nh nht
Nxb Nh xut bn
PCCC Phng chy cha chy
QCVN Quy chun Vit Nam
QL Quc l
SCN Sn cng nghip
TCVN Tiu chun Vit Nam
TNGT Tai nn giao thng
THPT Trung hc ph thng
TP Thnh ph
UBND U ban nhn dn
UBMTTQ U ban Mt trn T quc
WHO T chc Y t th gii
VLN Vt liu n
VLXD Vt liu xy dng
VP Vn phng
6
DANH MC BNG
Bng i: Danh sch cc thnh vin tham gia lp bo co ............................................... 16
Bng 1. 1: Ta cc im gc ca m........................................................................ 17
Bng 1. 2: Tng hp khi lng khai thc, ch bin tng nm .................................... 20
Bng 1. 3: Khi lng o ho dc m va ................................................................... 21
Bng 1. 4. Khi lng p bao ................................................................................. 21
Bng 1. 5. Tng hp cc thng s khai trng ............................................................. 22
Bng 1. 6: C cu s dng t ....................................................................................... 24
Bng 1. 7: Cc thng s ca h thng khai thc ............................................................ 27
Bng 1. 8. Thng k cc thng s khoan n mn .......................................................... 28
Bng 1. 9. Ca my khoan trong cc nm ....................................................................... 29
Bng 1. 10. Thit b v ca my xc bc ........................................................................ 30
Bng 1. 11. Tng hp khi lng sn phm hng nm ................................................. 32
Bng 1. 12: Tng hp lng nc ln nht chy vo moong khai thc ti m ............ 32
Bng 1. 13: Hng mc bao ....................................................................................... 33
Bng 1. 14: Thi gian lu nc ti cc cng trnh x thi ............................................ 33
Bng 1. 15. S ca my bm thc hin hng nm .......................................................... 34
Bng 1. 16. Bng tnh ton thit b vn ti .................................................................... 35
Bng 1. 17: Tng hp thit b ti m ............................................................................. 36
Bng 1. 18: Nhu cu s dng in m .......................................................................... 36
Bng 1. 19. nh mc tiu hao vt liu n cho mt t n ........................................... 37
Bng 1. 20. Tiu hao thuc n v phng tin n trong cc nm khai thc ................. 37
Bng 1. 21: Tng nhu cu s dng nc ti m ............................................................ 38
Bng 1. 22: D tnh lng nhin liu tiu th ............................................................... 38
Bng 1. 23: Bin ch lao ng ton m......................................................................... 40
Bng 1. 24: D kin tin thc hin d n ................................................................. 40
Bng 1. 25: Bng tng mc u t ban u ca d n .................................................. 41
Bng 1. 26: Bng tng mc u t ton d n .............................................................. 42
Bng 2. 2. Thnh phn khong vt ca Tuf dacit ..................................................... 46
Bng 2. 3. Thnh phn khong vt ca dacit porphyr .............................................. 46
Bng 2. 4. Thnh phn khong vt ca andesit porphyrit ....................................... 46
Bng 2. 5: Kt qu phn tch ha ton din .................................................................. 47
Bng 2. 6: Bng tng hp tnh cht c l ca ........................................................... 48
7
Bng 2. 7. Bng so snh cc ch tiu theo TVVN 7570:2006 ....................................... 48
Bng 2. 8: Thnh phn ht ca lp 1 ........................................................................ 49
Bng 2. 9: Nhit khu vc giai on 2008-2009........................................................ 50
Bng 2. 10: S gi nng v lng bc hi, m ........................................................ 51
Bng 2. 11: c im ma khu vc giai on 2008-2009 ............................................ 51
Bng 2.12. c im gi giai on 2008-2009 ............................................................. 52
Bng 2. 13: Bng tng hp kt qu th nghim tng cha nc Creta. ........................ 53
Bng 2. 14. Bng tng hp kt qu th nghim vi sinh nc ngm. ............................. 54
Bng 2. 15. Bng tng hp kt qu tnh lng nc ngm chy vo m theo cao
y moong khai thc. ..................................................................................................... 54
Bng 2. 16: V tr cc im ly mu cht lng nc mt ............................................ 55
Bng 2. 17: Kt qu thu thp mu nc sng Cha ...................................................... 55
Bng 2. 18: V tr cc im ly mu cht lng nc di t .................................... 56
Bng 2. 19: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc di t trong khu vc D n ........... 56
Bng 2.20: V tr cc im o c/ly mu khng kh .................................................. 57
Bng 2.21: Kt qu o c cht lng khng kh v cc iu kin vi kh hu ............. 57
Bng 2.22. Kt qu phn tch th nhng khu vc thc hin d n ............................. 58
Bng 2.23. Kt qu phn tch thnh phn kim loi nng ............................................... 58
Bng 3. 1: Ti lng bi khi bc ph trong nm 1 ....................................................... 63
Bng 3. 2: Thi lng bi trong qu trnh o p ca nm 1 ...................................... 63
Bng 3. 3: Ti lng bi pht sinh do hot ng khoan trong nm 1 ........................... 64
Bng 3. 4: Ti lng bi pht sinh do n mn trong nm 1 .......................................... 64
Bng 3. 5: D tnh ti lng bi pht sinh trong giai on XDCB ............................... 65
Bng 3. 6: Ti lng bi pht sinh khi ch bin trong nm 1 ....................................... 65
Bng 3. 7: D tnh lng kh thi pht sinh trong nm 1 .............................................. 65
Bng 3. 8: Lng kh thi pht sinh do n mn trong nm 1 ........................................ 66
Bng 3. 9: D tnh lng nc cn tho kh trong nm 1 ............................................ 67
Bng 3. 10: D tnh lng nc chy trn pht sinh trong nm 1 ................................ 67
Bng 3. 11: Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi ................................... 69
Bng 3. 12: Ti lng bi pht sinh do bc ph giai on khai thc t cng sut ...... 70
Bng 3. 13: Ti lng bi pht sinh do khoan l mn ................................................... 71
Bng 3. 14: D tnh nng bi do hot ng khoan l mn ....................................... 71
Bng 3. 15: D tnh ti lng bi pht sinh khi n mn ................................................ 72
8
Bng 3. 16: D tnh nng bi khi n mn ................................................................. 72
Bng 3. 17: Ti lng bi pht sinh t qu trnh ch bin ............................................ 73
Bng 3. 18: D tnh nng bi ti cc bi ch bin ................................................... 73
Bng 3. 19: Qung ng xe chy t nm 2-16 ............................................................ 74
Bng 3. 20: Ti lng bi t qu trnh vn chuyn ....................................................... 74
Bng 3. 21: Ngun pht sinh kh nhim ..................................................................... 74
Bng 3. 22: H s pht thi v ti lng ca cc cht kh nhim .............................. 75
Bng 3. 23: Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi ca my pht in dng du DO
....................................................................................................................................... 75
Bng 3. 24: D tnh th tch kh n pht sinh mi t n ............................................. 75
Bng 3. 25: D tnh lng CTNH pht sinh ti m ...................................................... 76
Bng 3. 26: Lng nc di t chy vo moong khai thc theo bo co thm d ... 78
Bng 3. 27: D tnh lng nc thi pht sinh ti m .................................................. 80
Bng 3. 28: D tnh lng nc bm tho kh ti m ................................................. 81
Bng 3. 29: Ti lng cc cht nhim chnh c trong nc thi sinh hot ................ 81
Bng 3. 30: D tnh nc thi sinh hot pht sinh ti m ............................................. 82
Bng 3. 31: Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi ................................... 82
Bng 3. 32: Gii hn n ca cc thit b xy dng ....................................................... 83
Bng 3. 33: D tnh n ti khu vc moong khai thc............................................... 83
Bng 3. 34: D tnh n pht ra ti cc khu ch bin ................................................ 84
Bng 3. 35: Mc gia tc rung ni suy ........................................................................... 84
Bng 3. 36: D tnh n gia tng trn cc tuyn ng vn ti ................................. 85
Bng 3. 37: c tnh rung ca cc loi phng tin, thit b ........................................ 85
Bng 3. 38: Bng chuyn i gi tr gia tc rung .......................................................... 88
Bng 3. 39: Danh mc tc ng mi trng c m t .................................................. 90
Bng 3. 40: Bn knh nh hng n mc nc ngm khi khai thc xung su .......... 94
Bng 3. 41: Mc gia tc rung cho php trong hot ng sn xut cng nghip ........... 98
Bng 4. 1: Cc thng s thit k b t hoi ci tin .................................................... 105
Bng 4. 2: Bng tnh kch thc ti thiu ca b t hoi xut ............................... 105
Bng 4. 3: D tnh lng nc phc v cng tc khoan t ...................................... 106
Bng 4. 4: D tnh lng cy trng hon chnh trong giai on khai thc ................. 107
Bng 4. 5: D tnh lng nc s dng phun nc gim bi ti trm nghin ....... 109
Bng 4. 6: D tnh lng nc s dng phun nc chng bi trn VC. ............ 109
9
Bng 5. 1: Chng trnh qun l mi trng ti m Tn Thng ................................ 122
Bng 5. 2: Chi ph u t cc cng trnh mi trng .................................................. 125
Bng 5. 3: Chi ph d tnh phc v vn hnh, duy tr cc hot ng mi trng ....... 126
Bng 5. 4: V tr gim st cht lng khng kh khu vc sn xut ............................. 127
Bng 5. 5: V tr gim st cht lng nc thi sn xut ............................................ 127
Bng 5. 6: D tnh chi ph gim st mi trng hng nm ......................................... 130
10
M U

1. XUT X CA D N
Nm trong vng c nhu cu ln v vt liu xy dng cung cp cho cc cng
trnh xy dng c s h tng cc khu cng nghip Sn M II, cc cm tiu th cng
nghip Thng Hi v cc cng trnh dn dng trong huyn Hm Tn, m xy dng
Tn Thng thuc x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn c mi trng u t rt thun li.
c s cho php ca UBND tnh Bnh Thun ti giy php thm d s:
3329/GP-UBND ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2008, Cng ty C phn Vt liu Xy dng v
Khong sn Bnh Thun phi hp vi Cng ty C phn a cht v Mi trng Min
ng tin hnh cng tc thm d m xy dng Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, huyn
Hm Tn, tnh Bnh Thun trn din tch 13ha.
Cn c Quyt nh s 1870 /Q-UBND ngy 23 thng 8 nm 2010 ca tnh
Bnh Thun "V/v ph duyt tr lng khong sn trong Bo co thm d khong sn
xy dng ti m Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn ca Cng ty C
phn Vt liu xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun", ch d n phi hp vi Cng
ty C phn a cht v Mi trng Min ng tin hnh lp Thit k c s khai thc
ch bin xy dng m Tn Thng, cng sut 200.000m
3
/nm vi din tch khai
trng khai thc l 11,11ha.
Tun th Lut Bo v Mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN
Vit Nam thng qua ngy 29/11/2005, Lut Khong sn v cc vn bn php lut lin
quan i vi vic bo v mi trng trong v sau khi thc hin d n, Cng ty cng
viCng ty C phn a cht v Mi trng Min ng, cc n v chc nng
khcphi hp lp Bo co nh gi Tc ng mi trng (TM) ca D n khai thc
ch bin xy dng m Tn Thng, cng sut 200.000m
3
/nm trn c s Thit
k c c c duyt.
Bo co TM c xy dng nhm cc mc ch:
- D bo, nh gi cc tc ng mi trng khi trin khai d n trn ni dung
Thit k c s. T xut cc bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu, phng nga
v ng ph s c mi trng.
- Xy dng chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng trong qu trnh khai
thc v phng n phc hi mi trng sau khi kt thc khai thc m.
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM
2.1. C s php l lp bo co
Vn bn lut
- Lut Bo v Mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN Vit Nam
thng qua ngy 29/11/2005.
- Lut sa i b sung mt s iu ca Lut Khong sn s 46/2005/QH11
c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN Vit Nam Kha XI, k hp th 7 thng qua
ngy 14/6/2005.
- Lut t ai c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN Vit Nam kha XI, k
hp th 4 thng qua ngy 26 / 11 / 2003.
- Lut Xy dng s 16/2003/QH11 c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN
Vit Nam kha XI, k hp th 4 ngy 26 / 11 / 2003 thng qua.
11
- Lut Giao thng ng b s 26/2001/QH10 ngy 29 / 06 / 2001.
- Lut Ti nguyn nc c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN Vit Nam
kha X, k hp th 3 thng qua ngy 20 / 5 / 1998.
- Lut Khong sn c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN Vit Nam kha IX
thng qua ti k hp th 9 ngy 23 / 3 / 1996.
- Lut Lao ng c Quc hi nc Cng ha XHCN Vit Nam kha IX,
k hp th 5 thng qua ngy 23 / 6 / 1994.
Ngh nh
- Ngh nh s 26/2010/N-CP ngy 23 / 3 / 2010 ca Chnh ph sa i, b
sung khon 2 iu 8 Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13 thng 6 nm 2003 ca
Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi.
- Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v sa i, b
sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP.
- Ngh nh s 174/2207/N-CP ngy 29/11/2207 ca Chnh Ph v ph bo v
mi trng i vi cht thi rn.
- Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/04/2007 ca Chnh ph v qun l cht
thi rn.
- Ngh nh 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 ca Chnh ph v vic sa i,
b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP.
- Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca lut bo v mi trng.
- Ngh nh 81/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v x pht vi
phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng.
- Ngh nh 160/2005/N-CP ngy 27/12/2005 ca Chnh ph Quy nh chi tit
v hng dn thi hnh Lut Khong sn v Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Lut
Khong sn.
- Ngh nh 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph Quy nh vic
cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc.
- Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh ph v Ph bo v
mi trng i vi nc thi.
Thng t
- Thng t 39/2010/TT-BTNMT ngy 16 thng 12 nm 2010quy nh Quy
chun k thut quc gia v mi trng do B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
ban hnh.
- Thng t s 231/2009/TT-BTC ngy 9 / 12 / 2009 ca B Ti chnh quy nh
v ch thu, np v qun l s dng l ph trong lnh vc tiu chun o lng cht
lng.
- Thng t s 34/2009/TT-BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Quy
nh v lp, ph duyt, kim tra, xc nhn D n ci to, phc hi mi trng v k
qu ci to, phc hi mi trng i vi hot ng khai thc khong sn.
- Thng t s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 16 / 11 / 2009 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng.
- Thng t s 16/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 7/10/2009 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng v vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng.
12
- Thng t s 02/2009/TT-BTNMT do B TN MT ban hnh ngy 19/03/2009
Quy nh nh gi kh nng tip nhn nc thi ca ngun nc.
- Thng t s 39/2008/TT-BTC ban hnh ngy 19/05/2008 hng dn thc hin
Ngh nh s 174/2207/N-CP ngy 29/11/2207 ca Chnh Ph v ph bo v mi
trng i vi cht thi rn.
- Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 / 12 / 2008 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng hng dn v TM chin lc, TM v cam kt bo v mi trng.
- Thng t lin tch s 106/2007/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT ca B Ti chnh - B
Ti nguyn v mi trng v vic Sa i, b sung Thng t lin tch s
125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT ca lin B Ti chnh - B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
hng dn thc hin Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh ph v
ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi.
- Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v vic Hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s, ng k, cp
php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi.
- Thng t s 02/2005/TT-BTNMT ngy 24/06/2005 ca B Ti Nguyn v
Mi trng v vic Hng dn thc hin ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP, ngy
27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph.
- Thng t lin tch s 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT ca lin B Ti chnh -
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic Hng dn thc hin Ngh nh 67/2003/N-
CP ngy 13/06/2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi.
- Thng t 83/2002/TT-BTC ngy 25/9/2002 v quy nh ch thu, np v
qun l s dng ph, l ph v tiu chun o lng cht lng.
Cc quyt nh, vn bn khc
- Quyt nh s 16/2008/ Q-BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng Ban hnh Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mi trng.
- Quyt nh s 04/2008/BTNMT, Quyt nh s 16/2008/BTNMT ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng.
- Quyt nh s 71/2008/Q-TTg ngy 29/5/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v
k qu ci to, phc hi mi trng i vi hot ng khai thc khong sn.
- Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v Mi trng.
- Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v vic Ban hnh Danh mc cht thi nguy hi.
- Quyt nh s 35/2002-Q-BKHCN-MT ngy 25/6/2002 ca B KHCNMT
v vic cng b danh mc Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng bt buc.
Cc vn bn php l do a phng ban hnh
- Quyt nh s 1652/Q-UBND ngy 19/06/2009 ca UBND tnh Bnh Thun
ph duyt Bo co kt qu r sot, iu chnh, b sung quy hoch thm d - khai thc -
ch bin v s dng khong sn lm vt liu xy dng thng thng v than bn trn
a bn tnh Bnh Thun, giai on 2006 - 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020.
- Giy php thm d s 3329/GP-UBND ngy 03 thng 12 nm 2008 cho php
Cng ty C phn Vt liu xy dng v khong sn Bnh Thunc thm d xy
dng ti x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn, tnh Bnh Thun trn din tch 13 ha.
13
- Quyt nh s 1870/Q-UBND ngy 23/8/2010 ca UBND tnh Bnh Thun
v vic ph duyt tr lng khong sn trong bo co thm d khong sn xy
dng ti m Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn ca Cng ty CP Vt liu
Xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun.
2.2.Cc tiu chun, quy chun p dng trong Bo co
Mi trng t
- QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v gii hn cho php
ca KLN trong t.
- TCVN 7373:2004: Cht lng t - Gi tr ch th v hm lng nit tng s
trong t Vit Nam.
- TCVN 7374:2004: Cht lng t Gi tr ch th v hm lng pht pho
tng s trong t Vit Nam.
- TCVN 7377:2004: Cht lng t - Gi tr ch th pH trong t Vit Nam.
Mi trng nc
- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc
mt.
- QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc
ngm.
- QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot.
- QCVN 02:2009/BYT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc sinh
hot ban hnh theo Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BYT ngy 17/6/2009.
- QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng
nghip.
Mi trng khng kh
- Tiu chun VSL ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ca
B Y t.
- TCVN 6438:2005: Phng tin giao thng ng b. Gii hn ln nht cho
php ca kh thi.
- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n.
- QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v rung.
-TCVN 3985:1999 m hc Mc n cho php ti cc v tr lm vic
- TCVN 5508-1991: Khng kh vng lm vic. Vi kh hu. Gi tr cho php v
phng php nh gi.
- QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng
kh xung quanh.
- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v mt s cht c hi
trong khng kh xung quanh.
Quy chun, TCVN lnh vc khc
- QCVN 04:2009/BCT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton trong khai thc
m l thin.
- QCVN 02:2008/BCT Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton trong bo qun,
vn chuyn, s dng v tiu hy VLNCN.
- QCVN07:2009: Quy chun k thut quc gia v ngng cht thi nguy hi.
14
- TCXD 33 - 2006: Cp nc - Mng li ng ng v cng trnh, Tiu chun
thit k.
- TCVN7957- 2008: Tiu chun thot nc - Mng li thot nc bn ngoi
v cng trnh.
- TCVN 7378:2004 Rung ng v chn ng Rung ng i vi cng trnh
Mc rung gii hn v phng php nh gi.
2.3. Ngun ti liu, d liu s dng trong qu trnh lp Bo co
2.3.1. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho
1- GS.TS Trn Ngc Chn - nhim khng kh v x l kh thi (tp 1). NXB
Khoa hc v k thut H Ni 2000.
2- H S Giao (Cb), Bi Xun Nam, Mai Th Ton - Bo v Mi trng trong
khai thc m l thin Nxb T in Bch Khoa, Nm 2010.
3- L Vn Ni - Bo v mi trng trong xy dng c bn - NXB Khoa hc v
K thut H Ni, nm 2000.
4- L Trnh - TM, phng php v p dng - NXB Khoa hc v K thut,
nm 2000.
5- Trung tm kh tng thu vn quc gia - i kh tng thy vn khu vc
Nam b - S liu kh tng trm Hm Tn. Nm 2008-2009.
6- TS. Nguyn nh K v nnk. Nghin cu xy dng cc gii php tng th s
dng hp l di ct ven bin Min Trung t Qung Bnh n Bnh Thun. Bo co
mc: c im tng qut t ct ven bin min Trung t Qung Bnh n Bnh Thun.
Vin a l. Nm 2004.
7- Tng cc Kh tng Thy vn, Trung tm kh tng thy vn bin, Bng
thy triu 2003, Tp II, 2002, Nh xut bn Thng K H Ni.
8- Nguyn Uyn, K thut a cht mi trng, Nh xut bn Xy dng, nm
2004.
9- Tng Vn Ton - Trn c H, K thut Mi trng, Nh xut bn Gio
dc, nm 2007.
10- n gi xy dng cng trnh tnh Bnh Thun nm 2006 phn xy dng,
phn lp t, phn kho st xy dng.
11- PGS.TS Nguyn Vit Anh. B t hoi v B t hoi ci tin. Nh xut bn
Xy dng. Nm 2007
12- Nguyn Uyn. a cht cho k s xy dng v mi trng. Nh xut bn
Xy dng. Nm 2006.
13- Jonh A. Franklin, Maurice b.Dusseault - C hc cng trnh Nxb Gio
dc Nm 2000.
14-WHO. Assessment of sources of Air, Water and land pollution Part one:
rapid inventory techniques in Environmental Pollution. Geneva, 1993.
15-B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng - Cc Mi trng. Hng dn lp
bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng - D n cng trnh giao thng. H Ni 1999.
2.3.2. Ngun ti liu, d liu ch d n t to lp
16- Cng ty CP Vt liu Xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun, Thit k c s
khai thc ch bin xy dng m Tn Thng, cng sut 200.000m
3
/nm. Nm
2010.
15
17-Cng ty CP Vt liu Xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun, Bo co thm d
khong sn xy dng Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn, tnh Bnh Thun.
Tr lng tnh n thng 6/2010.
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH LP TM
Cc phng php s dng trong qu trnh lp TM:
1- Phng php k tha: K tha cc ti liu lin quan vo bo co TM khai
thc - ch bin xy dng cng ty lp nm 2006, k tha ti liu c lin quan t
cc m cng loi hnh khong sn v iu kin khai thc ti khu vc Bnh Dng v
ng Nai. Ni dung thc hin theo Ph lc 4 ban hnh km theo Thng t s
05/2008/BTNMT ngy 18/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
2- Phng php thu thp ti liu v x l s liu: phng php ny nhm thu
thp v x l cc s liu v iu kin kh tng thu vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc d
n.
3- Phng php nh gi nhanh: xc nh ti lng.
4-Phng php m hnh ton tnh nng cht nhim.
Cc phng php khc:
5- Phng php kho st hin trng:
+ Kho st v tr a l d n;
+ Kho st hin trng t nhin - kinh t x hi trong phm vi d n v khu vc
xung quanh d n;
+ Ly v phn tch mu khng kh khu vc d n;
+ Ly v phn tch mu nc mt, nc ngm, nc thi khu vc d n;
6- Phng php tham vn cng ng: thc hin theo hng dn ti Thng t
05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 thng 12 nm 2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng
hng dn v TM chin lc, TM v cam kt bo v mi trng nhm tham vn
cc kin ca y ban nhn dn, y ban mt trn t quc cp x.
4. T CHC THC HIN TM
Ch u t ch tr vic xy dng Bo co TM vi s t vn v phi hp ca
cc n v sau:
- n v t vn lp bo co TM:
C quan: Cng ty CP a cht v Mi trng Min ng
Ngi i din: Nguyn Vn Minh Chc v: Gim c
a ch: s 38, hm C12, ng Cng Ha, Phng 13, qun Tn Bnh, TP H
Ch Minh.
in thoi: 08.38130054 Fax: 08.38130056
- C quan phi hp:
C quan : Vin Nghin cu Cng ngh Mi trng & Bo h Lao ng: S 3/4
Trng Chinh, Phng 13, Qun Tn Bnh, TP.HCM.
C quan : Trung tm Phn tch - Th Nghim Lin on quy hoch v iu tra
Ti nguyn nc Min Nam
Ngi i din: Nguyn Th Hn Chc v: Gim c
a ch: 59 ng 2, Phng Bnh An, Qun 2, tp H Ch Minh
16
in thoi: 08.62960637 Fax: 08.62960633
Da vo ni dung v phng php lp bo co TM, nhm nghin cu c
thnh lp v chia lm nhiu t thc hin kho st mi trng t nhin v KTXH trong
v ven vng d n. S liu kho st c phn tch, nh gi v tng hp lm c s
lp bo co TM. Tham gia thnh lp bo co TM m xy dng Tn Thng gm
c cc thnh vin sau:
Bng i: Danh sch cc thnh vin tham gia lp bo co
STT H v tn Chc v/chuyn mn C quan cng tc
1 V Tn Nhung Tng gim c Cng ty CP Vt liu Xy
dng v Khong sn Bnh
Thun
2 Ng Tn Lc Trng phng k thut
4 Nguyn Vn Minh Tng gim c
Cng ty CP a cht v
Mi trng Min ng
5 L Ngc L C nhn a cht
6 Bi Thanh Hong C nhn mi trng
7 Trn c Du K s khai thc m
17
CHNG 1: M T TM TT D N

1.1. TN D N
D n khai thc - ch bin xy dng m Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, huyn
Hm Tn, tnh Bnh Thun (Cng sut 200.000 m
3
nguyn khi/nm).
1.2. CH D N
Cng ty: Cng ty CP Vt liu Xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun
a ch: 33 T Vn T, Tp. Phan Thit, Bnh Thun
in thoi:062.3821497
Email: ctyvlxdkhoangsan@hcm.vnn.vn
Website:www.bcmc.com.vn
Ngnh, ngh kinh doanh: Sn xut, kinh doanh cc sn phm gm, s, vt liu
xy dng.Xy dng cc cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip, giao thng, thy li, cc
cng trnh cng cng. Kinh doanh vn ti hng ha, Trng rng, chm sc rng, thu
hoch sn phm rng. Mua bn my mc thit b cng nghip, khai khong lm
nghip v xy dng. Thit k kin trc, kt cu cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip.
Khai thc qung kim loi en, kim loi mu (tr uranium v thorium), , cc, si, t
st, cao lanh, khai thc ct thy tinh v cc loi m khc. Kinh doanh bt ng sn vi
quyn s hu hoc i thu. Kinh doanh dch v nh hng khch sn v cc du lch
khc.Xy dng v kinh doanh h tng khu cng nghip Phan Thit. ( B sung). T vn
u t xy dng cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip( lp d n u t, lp tng d ton,
t vn u thu v qun l iu hnh d n). T vn gim st thi cng, cng trnh dn
dng, cng nghip.( Doanh nghip ch c kinh doanh sau khi c iu kin kinh
doanh theo quy nh).
1.3. V TR A L CA D N
Khu vc m xy dng Tn Thng thuc a phn x Thng Hi, huyn Hm
Tn, tnh Bnh Thun. Trung tm khu m cch th x La Gi 25 km v pha Ty Nam,
cch Thnh ph Vng Tu 40 km v pha ng Nam; cch cm tiu th cng nghip
Thng Hi 5 km v cch khu cng nghip Sn M II khong 10 km (xem Bn v s
01-TM: Bn v tr giao thng).
Din tch thm d l 13 ha, tuy nhin d n thit k khai thc
114.575m
2
nm trong ranh gii xc nh bi 4 im khp gc theo h VN-2000 Bnh
Thun nh sau :
Bng 1. 1: Ta cc im gcca m
im gc
H VN2000, mi 3
X Y
A 1.172.162 398.756
B 1.171.787 399.059
C 1.171.650 398.844
D 1.172.071 398.562
Ghi ch: h VN 2000, kinh tuyn trc l 105
o
45; mi chiu 3
o
.
Tip gip ca m nh sau:
- Pha Ty gip ng tri rng 8m. ng hin ang trong giai on hon
thin.
18
- Pha Bc l vn nh dn, trng nhn v m.
- Pha ng gip sng Cha.
- Pha Nam gip vn nh dn.
Hin trng khu t d n
t d n hin ang c canh tc, tng i bng phng. Cy trng khng
thun nht m theo ma v. Cy lu nm c nhn v cao su 2 nm tui, cy lng thc
ngn ngy ch yu l m, u v bp. Trn khu t c ngi dn chn th b tn
dng ngun thc n. Ton b din tch tt ca d n l t ry v l thuc s hu
ca dn.
Ln cn m ch l nh chi canh ry, dn c cch hn 400m tp trung ven
QL55. C mt s nh nm 2 bn ng ra vo m.
Khu t nm lin k con ng tri mi lm bt u t QL55 gn cu sng
Cha i ngc ln hng Bc vo su bn trong. Dc theo ng l tuyn ng in
1 pha ang c nng cp, ch yu l cp in sinh hot.
Tng quan vi cc i tng khc trong khu vc
- Giao thng vn ti:
Khu vc m c iu kin giao thng vn ti tng i thun li. Trung tm
din tch thm d cch quc l QL.55 khong 1 km v pha Nam, ranh gn nht (ranh
B-C) cch khong 650m; vo m c ng t rng 8m hin ang c nng cp
thnh ng tri .
T cu Sng Cha i v pha ng khong 1,0km l gp UBND x Thng Hi,
i tip th s gp mt s im sinh hot tn ngng ca ngi dn, ch v trng hc,
trm y y x.
- Dn c: Cc t im dn c sng tp trung ven QL.55, hng ra st bin. Dn
ch yu bun bn nh v nh bt hi sn, s t lm ngh nng. Nh dn gn m nht
cch ranh m khong 350m v pha Nam Ty Nam. y l nh xy kin c, c vn
nhn rng.
- Vn ha: Trong x c mt gio s nm ven QL55 v cch m khong 720m
v pha ng. Ch Thng Hi cch m khong 1km. Trng tiu hc Tn Thng cch
m khong 1,2km v pha ng ng Bc .
- Kinh t: Kinh t ca dn trong vng ch yu l nh bt hi sn v bun bn
nh. Trong x c tiu khu cng nghip Thng Hi ang c trin khai xy dng. Xa
hn v pha ng Bc khong 10 km c khu cng nghip Sn M I, Sn M II ang
xy dng; cch m khong 18 km l khu du lch bin Cam Bnh, ni tng i sm ut
vi nhiu nh hng, nh ngh v khu gii tr.
Pha Ty d n l khu du lch sui nc nng Bnh Chu. y l a im du
lch ni ting v lu i ca tnh B Ra Vng Tu. Khu du lch ny cch im gc
Ty Bc ca m khong 2km v pha Ty Bc.
- Nng lng: in li Quc gia c ph kn cc khu dn c tp trung
trong vng, vo khu m cng c ng in chy theo ng ang nng cp.
Nhn xt chung: y l vng c iu kin a l thun li cho cng tc khai
thc m, kinh t vng ang pht trin cc khu cng nghip, nhn lc ti ch phc v
cho d n ch l lao ng ph thng, iu kin hu cn khng thun li do cc dch v
c kh, sn xut nm v trung tm huyn v th x Lagi.
19
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N
1.4.1. Hnh thc u t v cng sut la chn
- Hnh thc u t: Cng ty t b vn u t v trc tip qun l.
- Cng sut: Cng sut m 200.000 m
3
/nm nguyn khi tng ng
280.000 m
3
nguyn khai n mn. thnh phm: 300.000 m
3
/nm cc loi.
- Trong nm th 1, m khai thc t 50% cng sut v thc hin xy dng c
bn.
1.4.2. Tr lng khong sn v tui th m
1.4.2.1. Tr lng a cht v tr lng khai thc
- Cn c: Quyt nh s 1870 /Q-UBND ngy 23 thng 8 nm 2010 ca tnh
Bnh Thun "V/v ph duyt tr lng khong sn trong Bo co thm d khong sn
xy dng ti m Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn ca Cng ty C
phn Vt liu xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun".
- Tr lng khai thc c tnh n tn tht do li tr bo v gc dc n nh
b dng ca m, tn tht trong khai thc, ch bin, ... c tnh theo cng thc:
Q
kt
= Q
c
- Q
bv
= 4.884.853 - 1.808.470 = 3.076.383 m
3
.
1.4.2.2. Ch lm vic v tui th m
a. Ch lm vic
- S ca lm vic trong ngy: 1ca/ngy.
- S gi lm vic trong ca: 8 gi/ca.
- S ngy lm vic trong nm: 290 ngy.
b. Tui th m
D kin ht nm th nht m t cng sut thit k
Thi gian tn ti ca m c tnh bng thi gian khai thc xy dng
c ph duyt tr lng, xc nh theo cng thc:
T = T
1
+ T
2
+ T
3
, nm
Trong :
- T
1
l thi gian xy dng c bn m: 01 nm.
- T
2
l thi gian m khai thc vi cng sut thit k.
Thi gian hot ng t cng sut thit k xc nh da trn tr lng khong
sn khai thc c trong bin gii m (khng k khi lng thc hin trong thi gian xy
dng c bn m, cha t cng sut thit k) chia cho cng sut thit k ca m.

Vi: Q
kt
= 3.076.383 m
3
l tr lng khai thc.
+ Q
xdcb
= 100.000 m
3
(nm th nht m khai thc t 50% cng sut).
+ A = 200.000 m
3
/nm - cng sut khai thc thit k.
- T
3
: Thi gian ng ca m 1 nm.
Tui th m:
T = 1 + 14,9 + 1 = 16,9 nm (tng ng 16 nm 11 thng).
1.4.2.3. Tin thc hin d n
Tin thc hin d n nh sau:
20
- Chun b u t v chun b xy dng v th tc php l: 1 nm.
- Mua sm thit b, xy lp, a vo vn hnh, XDCB, khai thc t 50% cng
sut thit k: 1 nm
- Khai thc t cng sut thit k: 14,9 nm
- Kt thc khai thc, thc hin cng tc, ci to PHMT, ng ca m: 1 nm.
D kin trin khai: ngay sau khi c cp php khai thc.
Bng 1. 2: Tng hp khi lng khai thc, ch bin tng nm
Vt liu (m
3
/nm) Nm 1 Nm 2-5 Nm 6-14 Nm 15 Nm 16 Tng
I. xy dng (m
3
/nm)
I.1. nguyn
khi 100.000 200.000 200.000 200.000 176.383

3.076.383
I.2. nguyn khai 140.000 280.000 280.000 280.000 246.936 4.306.936
I.3. sau ch
bin 150.000 300.000 300.000 300.000 264.575 4.614.575
II. t ph, bn phong ha (m
3
/nm)
II.1. Nguyn khai 193.750 125.000 693.750
Ghi ch: Nm th 17 thc hin cng tc ci to, PHMT.
1.4.3. Cng tc XDCB, m va nm th 1
1.4.3.1. Cng tc XDCB
Cng tc XDCB c trin khai trong 1 nm u tin. Trong nm ny tin hnh
khai thc song song vi xy dng, cng sut khai thc t 50% cng sut thit k. M
xy dng Tn Thng c u t mi, khi lng cng tc xy dng c bn phi
thc hin bao gm:
a. Lm ng vn ti
ng vn ti ngoi m
ng vn ti ngoi m ni khu ch bin vi QL 55 vi c ly vn chuyn 650
ang c a phng nng cp t ng t lin thn ln thnh ng tri si.
ng ni b m
- Lm ng tm ni khu vc m va vi khu ch bin: tuyn ng tm vo
bc t ph chy ct ngang khu t ngay trn nn t t nhin ca m, c san gt
ban u to mt bng tuyn, thay i hng nm theo tin bc ph ca m, khi
lng ny c tnh trong khi lng thc hin hng nm.
- Ho dc m va c m t mt a hnh t nhin xung mc
+5m, , din tch m va su 0m c s dng lm h thu nc.
b. Bc t ph
Khi lng bc t ph ca m trong thi k m va l khi lng m rng
moong ly t hin hu t 5.400m
2
ln 15.000m
2
. Vi chiu dy t ph trung bnh ti
khu l khong 2m th khi lng m va tng ng l 19.200m
3
c. o ho dc m va
Tuyn ho dc c o bt u t khong gia hai l khoan LKII.1 v LKII.2.
Cc thng s c bn ca tuyn ho dc: dc dc trung bnh 8,0%, rng 9m, hnh
dng ho trong hon chnh, ni t bin gii m cote +0m ra ngoi bin gii m ln
cote +10m ca mt bng sn cng nghip. Khi lng o ho nh bng sau.
21
Bng 1. 3: Khi lng o ho dc m va
STT V tr o dc dc (%)
Gc dc
thnh ho
()
Chiu rng
y ho (m)
Chiu cao
(m)
Khi
lng
(m
3
)
1 Trong (01 on) 8 80 9 6 2.184
3 Trong t (01 on) 10 60 9 2 244
Cng 2.428
[Ngun: Thit k c s khai thc ch bin xy dng m Tn Thng, cng
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
d. H thng ngn nc mt
H thng ngn nc mt chy trn vo moong khai thc bao gm bao v
rnh nc.
- H thng bao : tuyn bao dc theo bin gii m c chiu di 570 m
theo hng t mc C n mc D. cao so vi a hnh t nhin xung quanh
trung bnh 1-2m m bo ngn ton b lng nc mt chy trn t pha Ty khng
cho chy vo moong khai thc.
Chiu di tuyn (tuyn C-D): 570 m.
Kch thc trung bnh ca : Mt 3m, y 5m, chiu cao 1m.
Khi lng t p : 2.280m
3
.
- Rnh nc : gm cc on
+ Rnh thot nc pha Ty : c o dc theo tuyn C-D, di 570m.
+ Rnh nc dc theo bin ngang m t mc D n mc A c chiu di l
255m thot nc ra hng sng Cha.
Kch thc rnh nc: rng ngoi 1,4m ; rng y 0,4m ; rng mt 0,8m ; su
o 0,8m ; su y 0,5m. Xy bng hc chiu dy 30cm.
Tng chiu di rnh nc: 825m
Khi lng o rnh: 514 m
3
.
Bng 1. 4. Khi lng p bao
STT Hng mc
Tit din
(m
2
)
Chiu di
(m)
Chiu cao
(m)
Khi lng
(m
3
)
1 p tuyn C-D 4 570 1 2.280
2 o rnh dc tuyn C-D 0,5 570 0,5 229
3 o rnh ngang tuyn D-A 0,9 255 0,8 285
4 Cn i o p 2.039
e. o h thu nc
H thu nc c o vi mc ch thu nc chy vo moong khai thc phc
v bm tho kh y moong. H c kch thc tng ng 1.300m
2
, sc cha gn
10.000m
3
nc. Gc dc thnh h thu nc trong moong khai thc chn 80
o
, ti v tr
b kt thc bng gc nghing sn tng kt thc. y h thu h thp dn theo thi
gian h cote y moong.
f. Cng trnh x thi
- o ao x: din tch 750m
2
, di 50m, rng 15m, su 2m. Khi lng o
1.500m
3
.
22
- o mng thot nc ra sng Cha: di 75m, tit din 3m
2
, su 1. Khi
lng o 225m
3
.
1.4.4. Tng mt bng m
a.Khai trng khai thc
Bin gii khai trng m Tn Thng tnh t mp tng khai thc u tin, khng
k phn din tch li tuyn bao v lm ai an ton bo v b m.
Din tch pha trn: 11,11 ha.
Din tch pha di: 5,8 ha.
Kch thc khai trng ln nht: 200 x 150m
Cote cao y khai trng: -40m.
Bng 1. 5. Tng hp cc thng s khai trng
STT Cc thng s c bn v tnh Gi tr
1 Din tch moong khai thc ha 11,11
2
Kch thc khai trng ln
nht (di x rng)
m 255 x 506
3 Gc dc b dng 38
o
2554
o
20
4 Cote cao y khai trng m -40
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
Bin gii m c xc nh trn c s giy php thm d c cp, quyt nh
ph duyt tr lng ca Quyt nh 1870/Q-UBND ngy 23 thng 8 nm 2010 ca
U ban nhn dn tnh Bnh Thun:
- Nm trong khu vc c thm d nh gi tr lng, cht lng xy
dng t yu cu.
- m bo gc n nh b m theo thit k.
- m bo khai thc ti a tr lng xy dng trong bin gii m c
xc nh. Tr lng xy dng trong khu vc khai thc m bo cho m hot ng
vi cng sut thit k mt cch n nh.
- V tr khai thc cch ng giao thng lin thn pha Ty m ti thiu 100m
(sau khi c nn chnh nh d kin).
b.Mt bng sn cng nghip
Din tch mt bng sn cng nghip pha Ty Nam, rng 2,7ha b tr vn
phng m, cc cng trnh ph tr, khu ch bin nghin sng .
- Vn phng m: gm nh lm vic, nh ngh cng nhn, trm cn v cc cng
trnh ph tr. Kt cu tng gch, mi tole, nn gch khng ct thp.
Kho tng c xy dng trong mt bng sn cng nghip m tin cung cp
nguyn vt liu, nhin liu cho xe my hot ng.Kt cu nh kho cp 4, tng gch
10cm, mi lp tn, nn b tng.
- Kho nhin liu: M khai thc vi cng sut khng ln nn khng u t xy
dng kho nhin liu ring. Ch u t s hp ng vi trm xng trong khi vc hp
ng cung cp nhin liu cho m.
- Kho vt liu n : M Tn Thng khng u t xy dng kho vt liu n
ring m s s dng kho chung ca khu vc. Cng tc n mn s c Ch u t k
hp ng cung cp dch v n mn vi Cng ty Ho cht m.
23
- Kho ph tng, vt t, thit b
D tr v cp pht cc ph tng thay th cho thit b xe my theo nh mc
hoc xut (xm, lp, hm nghin, bng ti cao su, bng ti xch, st, thp gia cng...)
+ a im: Mt bng sn cng nghip m.
+ Din tch xy dng: 75m
2
.
- Kho cha cht thi nguy hi: nhm lu gi CTNH pht sinh ch n v x
l n tip nhn. Kho lp mi tole cch chit, nn xi mng chng thm, tng gch v
li B40, ca kho c khoa v bin bo nguy him, d chy n. Din tch kho 12m
2
.
- Khu ch bin:Khu ch bin nghin sng c b tr pha ng Nam m
trn din tch 2,7 ha.
+ Mt bng bi ch bin: Mt bng bi cha c san gt cao +15m.
dc dc 1% thot nc t chy.
+ng ln xung mt bng khu cp liu
cp liu cho h thng p nghin sng cn phi xy ng dn cho xe t
chy ln bulker cp liu, cao 5,2m. Thit k ng cp liu chy mt chiu.
Cc yu cu ti thiu ca ng ln xung nh sau:
Chiu di ng ln: dc dc theo quy nh l 10% th chiu di ng ln
l 52m.
Chiu rng mt ng c chn l 10m cho xe chy mt chiu.
Gc nghing b p 60
o
.
Khi lng p cu cn: V
dd
= 2.080m
3
.
S trm nghin sng ca m l 04 trm c b tr thnh hng trn cng mc
cao +15m (xem Bn v s 04-TM: Bn tng mt bng).
+ Mt bng cp liu:Din tch d kin b tr mt bng cp liu c cao thay
i t +7m n +10m s c san gt n cao thit k +10m. Kch thc mt bng
tip nhn : Rng t 15m, chiu di tuyn cp liu 50m.
Vt liu p cu cn v mt bng tip nhn : S dng t san lp v bn
phong ha trong khi bc tng ph.
+ K bo v:Thc hin xp bng r hc v bn phong ha trn sut chiu
di cp liu v ng ln xung mt bng cp liu.
Ti cc on lp b my nghin sng c xy bng b tng. D kin xy k
hc, va b tng vi chiu dy l 30cm bo v mt bng tip nhn , m bo cho
hot ng ca trm nghin sng. Khi lng b tng k v mng c tnh trong thit
k xy lp trm nghin sng.
D kin xy k hc vi chiu dy l 30cm bo v mt bng tip nhn ,
m bo cho hot ng ca trm p nghin sng. Din tch xy dngmi trm
51,48m
3
tng ng khi lng xy 2 trm l 100m
3
.
c. Bi thi tm
Ch u t thu mt bng lm bi thi tm v tr d kin t ngoi ranh
m, pha Ty Nam moong khai thc v gip vi ranh m. Bi thi ny s nm gia
moong khai thc v bi ch bin.
d.Tuyn ng vn ti
24
Nn t t nhin

Mng thot nc
Nn tri dm
Mt ng rng 10m

Mt ng rng 9m

Mng thot nc
Sn tng

Mt ng rng 10m

Chiu di ng ni b m t moong ln n v tr ho dc m va, trung bnh:
600m. Chiu di ng ngoi m t v tr ho dc m va n bi ch bin, trung bnh:
300m.
- ng tm: Tuyn ng tm s dng phc v cng tc bc ph ca m, thi
gian tn ti khng qu 1 nm. ng tm chy ngay trn nn t t nhin ca m,
ch san gt trn mt.
- ng vn chuyn chnh:
+ ng vn chuyn chnh ni m: Tuyn ng vn ti chnh ca m bao
gm ng ni b m v ng ngoi m. Tuyn ng chy t y moong (pht
trin theo tc xung su ca m, su nht t -40m) bm theo b m chy ln sn
cng nghip m
on ng trong moong khai thc c o trn nn t nhin ca m.
Chiu rng mt ng B = 9m rng b tr di vn ti cho 2 ln xe chy, cc
khong cch an ton v chiu rng rnh thot nc.

Hnh 1: Kt cu mt ng vn chuyn trong moong khai thc
ng ngoi moong (ng trong SCN):c tri , lu ln cht gim thiu
nhim bi. Mt ng rng 9m, nn tri dm.

Hnh 2: Kt cu mt ng vn chuyn ngoi moong
+ ng vn chuyn chnh ngoi m: tuyn ng hin c sn vn l ng
lin thn ra QL55. Tuyn ng ny hin hon thin: tri , to mng thot
nc. T m ra n QL55 khong 650m.
Tng mt bng c th hin trong Bn v s 04-TM: Bn tng mt
bngti Ph lc 5 ca bo co.
Bng 1. 6: C cu s dng t
TT Nhu cu sdng t Din tch (m
2
) T l (%)
1 Moong khai thc 111.100 73,30
2 bao, ai an ton 3.475 2,29
3 Sn cng nghip 27.000 17,81
4 Bi thi tm- bi cha sn phm 10.000 6,60
Tng 151.575 100,00
25
1.4.5. Cng tc bi thng, gii ta
Phng n gii phng mt bng v ti nh c m xy dng Tn Thng c
thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v t ai. C th:
- Lut t ai nm 2003.
- Ngh nh s 181/2004/N-CP ngy 29/10/2004 Hng dn thi hnh Lut
t ai ca Chnh ph.
- Ngh nh s 17/2006/N-CP ngy 27/01/2006 V sa i, b sung mt s
iu ca cc ngh nh hng dn thi hnh Lut t ai v Ngh nh s
187/2004/N-CP v vic chuyn cng ty nh nc thnh cng ty c phn ca Chnh
ph.
- Ngh nh s 84/2007/N-CP ngy 25/5/2007 Quy nh b sung v vic cp
giy chng nhn quyn s dng t, thu hi t, thc hin quyn s dng t, trnh t,
th tc bi thng, h tr, ti nh c khi Nh nc thu hi t v gii quyt khiu ni
v t ai ca Chnh ph.
Theo , d n u t xy dng cng trnh m l thin khai thc xy dng Tn
Thng c Nh nc h tr thu hi t thc hin d n.
Cng ty C phn Vt liu xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun s phi hp vi
Hi ng n b gii phng mt bng ca huyn Hm Tn xy dng phng n n
b gii phng mt bng cho cc h dn trn din tch m c cp php khai thc, k
hp ng thu t vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Bnh Thun.
Gi tr bi thng t ai, nh ca, vt kin trc v cy trng c trn t theo
khung gi quy nh ca UBND tnh Bnh Thun.
Thi gian thc hin: Ngay sau khi c cp giy php khai thc.
Mt s din tch t c th thc hin gii phng mt bng theo hnh thc t
tha thun n b ngay trong thi gian chun b u t. Trn din tch m khng c
nh dn nn thun tin cho cng tc n b.
1.4.6. Quy trnh cng ngh khai thc - ch bin
1.4.6.1. V tr m va
Bt u t moong ly t ca dn thuc khi tr lng I.121, ci to v m
rng moong t din tch khong 1,5ha.M va khu vc ny c thun li nh :
- Chiu dy tng ph khng ln nn s nhanh chng cho ra sn phm.
- Phn ln khi lng t ph tin m va c bc gip gim thi gian
xy dng c bn.
1.4.6.2. Trnh t khai thc
Trnh t khai thc c xc nh ph hp vi iu kin a hnh khu m v h
thng khai thc c chn:
- Khai thc theo dng vnh khuyn ly tm.
- Khai thc t trn xung di, ng thi trn mt s tng.
- Hng pht trin cng trnh l t gc pha Ty m pht trin ra cc hng.
Trong thi gian u, u tin pht trin v pha ng v pha Nam khu m. Sau khi t
n bin gii hai b ny th pht trin v pha Bc.

26

Hnh 3: S hot ng ca d n

1.4.6.3. H thng khai thc
H thng khai thc c chn p dng cho m xy dng Tn Thng l
HTKT xung su dng vnh khuyn ly tm, vn ti trc tip trn tng, s dng bi thi
ngoi (bi thi tm).
i vi mc cao t 0m tr ln
Khai thc t khu vc m va pht trin dn ra bin gii m.
Chun b mt
bng d n
Xy dng
cng nghip
M va
Tho kh,
thot nc
Bc t
ph
Khoan, n
mn, xc bc
Ch bin ti
m
Lu bi cha
V sinh
Thu dn
Di di Tho kh
San gt Xy dng Lp t
thit b
M
ng
Bc ph
To mt bng
cng tc u tin
HOT NG
CNG NGH THC HIN
Lu bi thi
Tiu th
Khoan n
Xc bc
Vn ti
Nghin, p
Phn loi
- Nc thi
- H thp mc nc
- Bi, kh thi, ting n
- Chn ng khi n mn
- vng, sng khng
kh
- Rung
- Ting n, Bi, kh
thi, t ri vi

- Cht thi rn

Bi, ting n, t
thi, nc chy trn
Phc hi cnh
quan
Tho
d
To h
Xy p
Trng cy
- Gii phng mt bng

- Bi
- Nc chy trn, t
tri lp
Bi
Bi, ting n, t
thi,
- Tch nc to h
- chuyn i mc ch
s dng t

27
Khai thc t trn xung di theo lp xin, vn ti di chn tng (p dng i
vi nhng v tr cht hp, cha m c ng cho thit b vn ti hot ng).
p dng h thng khai thc ny c mt s u im sau:
- Gim c qung ng vn chuyn khi lng bc ph ca m, h s bc
thi gian khng qu ln, m bo tin bc t vt trc khai thc mt thi
gian.
- Ph hp vi iu kin a hnh ca m, c th khai thc ng thi trn nhiu
tng nn, linh hot trong cng tc bc ph xy dng c bn m, nhanh chng khai thc
vo cc khu vc c gc c sn lng m.
i vi mc cao t 0m tr xung
Sau khi thc hin bc ph xong, t cao +5m tr xung, phn ln din tch
khai trng l gc.
Khai thc t trn xung di theo lp nghing, HTKT vnh khuyn ly tm, vn
ti trc tip trn tng. H thng khai thc ny c mt s u im: T chc khai thc
n gin, kh nng d tr tng cng sut m cao, an ton.
Hnh 4: M t s cng ngh

Bng 1. 7: Cc thng s ca h thng khai thc
Stt Thng s
K
hiu
n
v
Gi tr
1 Chiu cao tng khai thc
Trong t ph
H
t
m
4,7
Trong gc 10
2 Chiu cao tng kt thc
Trong t ph
H
kt
m
4
Trong gc 20
3 Gc nghing sn tng khai thc
Trong t ph
t

60
Trong gc 80
4 Gc nghing sn tng kt thc
Trong t ph
kt

35
Trong gc 60
5 S tng khai thc trung bnh ton m n tng 5
6 Chiu rng di khu A m 11
Chun b t : Bc tng ph, khoan
n mn, ph qu c
Xc bc, vn chuyn
Ch bin
Bi cha
Tiu th
Bi thi
- Chn ng, sng khng
kh khi n mn
- vng, h thp mc
nc
- Rung
- Ting n, Bi, kh
thi, t ri vi

- Cht thi rn

Bi, ting n, t
thi, nc chy trn
- Bi
- Nc chy trn, t
tri lp
Bi
28
Stt Thng s
K
hiu
n
v
Gi tr
7 Chiu rng ai bo v B
bv
m 2; 3,5; 7
8 B rng mt tng cng tc ti thiu B
min
m 38,6
9 Chiu di tuyn cng tc L
kt
m 105
10 Gc nghing b m 38
o
25'54
o
2'
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
1.4.6.4. Cng ngh khoan, n mn
a.Phng php n mn
- L khoan ln: N mn vi sai in kt hp dy n qua hng qua l vi ba hng
mn, mng n hnh tam gic u.
- L khoan con: N mn vi sai qua hng, s hng mn ty theo h chiu n,
mng n hnh vung.
Cn c vo iu kin c th ti tng khu vc trong m b tr mng n cho
ph hp vi iu kin thc t.
b. Thuc n v phng tin n
- Vt liu n : Thuc n v phng tin n s dng cho m Tn Thng c ly
theo quy nh ca B Cng Thng v UBND tnh Bnh Thun: thuc n anfo, nh
tng
- Quy m t n: M Tn Thng c cng sut 200.000 m
3
/nm nguyn
khi. Quy m t n cho m l: n 3 hng mn, s l khoan thc hin trong mt t n
l 30 l, khi lng thuc n s dng:
Q = 30.Q
t
=30 x 69 = 2.070 kg/t.
Block khoan n mn
- Chiu di block khoan n mn: L = 10a = 10 x 3,9 = 39 m.
- Chiu rng block khoan n mn: A = 3b = 3 x 3,4 = 10,2 m.
Bng 1. 8. Thng k cc thng s khoan n mn
Stt Cc thng s k thut
K
hiu
v tnh
Gi tr
LK 105
mm
LK 36-42
mm
1 Ch tiu thuc n q kg/m
3
0,45 0,45
2 Chiu cao tng H m 10 3
3 ng khng chn tng W m 3,90 1,51
4 Khong cch gia cc l khoan a m 3,90 1,51
5 Khong cch gia hai hng LK b m 3,40 1,51
6 Lng thuc n cho mt LK Q
t
kg 69 3,08
8 Lng thuc n cho 1m di LK P kg/m 8,7 1,2
9 Chiu di lng thuc L
t
m 8,00 2,47
11 Chiu di bua L
b
m 3,50 1,36
12 Chiu di l khoan L m 11,50 3,83
13 Chiu su khoan thm L
kt
m 1,50 0,83
14 Sut ph (nguyn khi) P
nk
m
3
/m 11,53 1,79
15 Sut ph (n ri) P
nr
m
3
/m 16,14 2,50
16 S l khoan 1 t n n l 30 -
17 Lng thuc n cho 1 t Q kg 2.070 -
29
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
c. Lch n mn
K hoch n mn d kin nh sau: N mn cc ngy trong tun theo quy nh.
Trong thi gian n mn ng k c th n nhiu bi mn vi thi gian dn
cch theo quy nh ng k vi c quan chc nng. Mi bi mn c h chiu n
mn ring bit c Gim c m ph duyt.
d. Cng tc khoan v thit b
Cng tc khoan m gm khoan ng knh 105mm v 36-42mm. Cng tc
khoan n mn m bao gm:
- Khoan n mn trong qu trnh khai thc s dng my khoan BMK - 5 lp cn
105mm.
- Khoan n mn lm ng, ph m chn tng s dng my khoan con lp cn
36-42mm.
Tnh ton thit b khoan cho cc nm hot ng bnh thng ca m.Nng sut
thc t ca my khoan BMK - 5 l 30m/ca. Khoan con 36-42mm c cng sut thc t
ca my khoan con 40 m/ca.
Bng 1. 9. Ca my khoan trong cc nm
STT
Hng mc
S lng
Nm 1 Nm 215 Nm 16
1 My khoan ln
1.1 S mt khoan 9.540 19.081 16.827
1.2 S ca my 80 160 141
1.3 S my khoan 1 1 1
2 My khoan con
2.1 S mt khoan 3.357 6.715 5.675
2.2 S ca my 42 84 71
2.3 S my khoan 1 1 1
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
My nn kh s dng cung cp kh nn cho my khoan hot ng. Vi tiu
hao kh nn 3 m
3
/pht cho mt my khoan con v 5m
3
/pht cho my khoan BMK - 5,
m s dng 01 my nn kh cung cp kh nn 500 m
3
/gi.
e. Khong cch an ton khi n mn
Tnh ton khong cch an ton khi n mn nhm xc nh khong cch an ton
cho ngi v thit b khai thc, vn chuyn v ch bin ca m cng nh cc cng
trnh ph cn ca m. Theo TKCS ca d n th cc khong cch an ton tnh cho t
n ti m nh sau:[16]
- Khong cch an ton v chn ng khi n mn: R
c
= 122 m
- Khong cch an ton v tc ng sng khng kh khi n mnR
s
= 185 m
Xung quanh bin gii m c p h thng bao v trng di cy xanh ngn
cch s gim thiu tc ng xu do sng chn ng khng kh gy ra.
- Khong cch an ton do mnh vng khi n mn: R
v
= 131m
30
- Khong cch an ton n mn cho m: so snh kt qu tnh ton vi Qui chun
k thut Quc gia v an ton trong bo qun, vn chuyn, s dng v tiu hu vt liu
n cng nghip QCVN 02:2008/BCT, khong cch an ton la chn cho m nh sau:
+ Vi ngi: 300 m.
+ Vi thit b: 200 m.
1.4.6.5. Ph qu c
Vic ph qu c s dng ba trng lng 2,8 tn lp t trn my xc thu
lc gu ngc, cng sut 50 m
3
/gi tng ng 300 m
3
/ca.Khi lng qu c
hng nm c tnh bng 5% khi lng nguyn khai tng ng 14.000m
3
/nm.
1.4.6.6. Cng ngh xc bc
Cng tc xc t s dng my xc thy lc gu ngc (my o).Cng tc
xc thnh phm s dng my xc lt (my xc bnh lp).
a. Khi lng xc bc, vn ti
Khu xc bc trong m bao gm: Xc bc tng ph, xc bc ti gng khai
thc v xc bc thnh phm sau nghin sng.
S liu tnh ton thit b xc ngoi khai trng da trn cng sut khai thc m
200.000 m
3
/nm nguyn khi, tng ng 280.000 m
3
nguyn khai n mn,
khi lng nguyn khai sau n mn v t ph ca m do my xc thy lc gu
ngc thc hin.
Khi lng xc bc thnh phm ti bi cha 300.000 m
3
/nm do my xc
bnh lp thc hin.
b. S lng my xc
- Xc t ph v nguyn khai: B tr my xc 1,2 m
3
/gu xc t ph, cng
sut thc t 800 m
3
/ca.Lch lm vic ca my xc: 300 ngy/nm, 1 ca my/ngy.
- Ph qu c: Khi lng qu c hng nm chim 5% lng nguyn
khai n mn ca m.
S dng ba thu lc trng lng 2,8 tn gn trn my xc ph qu c,
cng sut 50 m
3
/gi hay 300 m
3
/ca.
- Dng my xc bnh lp loi Kawasaki hoc Komatsu c dung tch gu 3m
3
.
Cng sut thc t 1.000 m
3
/ca thc hin dn dp bi cha trong thi gian ca sn xut
(khi ch t vn ti).Lch lm vic ca thit b: 290 ngy/nm, 1 ca my/ngy.
Bng 1. 10. Thit b v ca my xc bc
Stt Hng mc
S lng
Nm 1 Nm 215 Nm 16
1 Xc t ph
1.1 Khi lng 200.750 139.000 8.549
1.2 S ca my 251 174 11
1.3 S my 1 1 1
2 Xc nguyn khai
2.1 Khi lng 140.000 280.000 246.936
2.2 S ca my 156 312
247
2.3 S my 1 2 2
3 My xc bnh lp gu 3m
3

3.1 Khi lng 140000 280000 246.936
31
3.2 S ca my 140 280 247
3.3 S my 1 2 2
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
1.4.6.7. Cng ngh ch bin
Cng ngh nghin sng ca m s dng t hp nghin sng cng sut 150 tn/h
tng ng 600 m
3
/ca.
Cc trm nghin sng c b tr trn mt bng sn cng nghip, pha ng
Nam khai trng (xem Bn v s 04-TM : Bn Tng mt bng).

Hnh 5: S nguyn l ca t hp p - nghin - sng
a. Quy trnh cng ngh
p dng quy trnh cng ngh nghin hai giai on, nguyn khai t bulker
cp liu c chuyn trc tip vo my nghin th (nghin m) nh bng chuyn xch.
nghin ra c qua bng ti chuyn vo my sng. Sau khi sng c a
qua my nghin cn ri qua h thng bng ti ra bi cha cc loi.
b. Tnh ton thit b
My nghin hm s cp
My nghin th cp
My sng
My nghin th cp

My nghin cn

My sng th cp
0x4 1x2 4x6 mi
- Bi khi tip liu
- n
- Bi
- Rung
- Bi
- Rung
- Bi
- n
- Bi
- n
- Bi ti u
bng ti
32
Sn lng hng nm ca m cho nguyn khai l 280.000 m
3
, sau khi ch
bin nghin sng s ra 300.000 m
3
thnh phm cc loi, c th nh sau:
Bng 1. 11. Tng hp khi lng sn phm hng nm
STT
Sn phm
(m
3
)
Nm khai thc
1 215 16
1 1x2 62.500 125.000 76.330
2 0x4 40.179 80.357 49.069
3 4x6 22.321 44.643 27.261
4 mi 25.000 50.000 30.532
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
Trm nghin sng cng sut 150 tn/h tng ng 600 m
3
/ca.S trm nghin
sng l 04 trm.
1.4.7. Thot nc m
Phn ln thi gian khai thc m u di mc thot nc t nhin, do
bin php thot nc m c p dng l phng php tho kh cng bc. TheoH
S Giao (1999), yu cu ca h thng thot nc m:
- m bo tho kh m sau nhng trn ma ln trong thi hn nht nh
(thng khng qu 3 ngy).
- Hot ng chc chn, k c lc ma to.
- Khng lm nh hng n cng trnh kinh t khc ln cn.
- Khng lm xo trn mng li thy vn trong vng
- Nu nc thi c cht lng xu, cn tin hnh x l trc khi cho ha nhp
vi mng thy vn khu vc.
a. Lng nc chy vo khai trng
Lng nc chy vo moong khai thc bao gm ch yu l nc ma ri trc
tip vo moong khai thc v nc ngm c trong tng t m. Lng nc mt
chy trn c cch ly bng h thng bao quanh khai trng.
Kt qu tnh ton lng nc chy vo moong khai thc khi lng ma ln
nht (Z=127mm/ngy) c tng hp ti Bng 1.12.Nhng ngy ma ln phi cn
bm nhiu ngy lin tc v tr li h thu, ao x th mi bm ht c.
Bng 1. 12: Tng hp lng nc ln nht chy vo moong khai thc ti m
Cao
y moong (m)
Bm Khi lng (m
3
/ngy m)
Nc di t Nc ma Cng
-10
1x200m
3
/h
3.442 14.121 17.563
-20
2x200m
3
/h
3.780 14.121 17.901
-30
2x200m
3
/h
4.103 14.121 18.224
-40
2x200m
3
/h
4.412 14.121 18.533
b. H thng thu gom, thot nc
bao:c chc nng ngn nc mt chy trn vo moong khai thc, l tuyn
bao xung quanh din tch m ch tr li on xy dng mt bng ch bin .
cao so vi a hnh t nhin xung quanh. H thng ngn nc mt chy trn vo
moong khai thc l tuyn bao xung quanh moong, ko di theo cc mc C n D,
33
D n A, A n B. cao so vi a hnh t nhin xung quanh trung bnh 1m m
bo ngn ton b lng nc mt khng cho chy trn vo moong khai thc.
Kch thc trung bnh ca : Mt 3m, y 5m, chiu cao 1m. Bn
ngoi c rnh nc su 0,5m v rng 0,5m.
Bng 1. 13: Hng mc bao
Cng trnh Thng s Ghi ch
Chiu di tuyn on C-D 570m p khi XDCB, ngn nc
mt v an ton n mn
Chiu di tuyn on D-A 210m p mi khi ht nm 2
Chiu di tuyn on A-B 440m p mi khi ht nm 1
Tng chiu di 1.200m Thng xuyn gia c trong qu
trnh bc ph v khai thc
Khi lng t p 4.800m
3
S dng vt liu ni b c sn
H thu nc:
m bo thu ht lng nc c trong m theo ngy ma ln nht v lng
trc khi bm tho kh, h thu nc c o theo hnh ch nht, dung tch h thay
i ph hp vi su khai thc do cng xung su do m moong cng rng th nc
ngm, nc mt chy vo cng nhiu. Phn ln khong sn trong m u c khai
thc di mc nc ngm do bin php thot nc m c p dng l phng
php tho kh cng bc.
V tr h thu nc c t ti y moong khai thc, v tr thay i theo s pht
trin ca tuyn cng tc v tc xung su ca m, thun li cho vic bm tho kh
m ln h lng trc khi thi ra h thng knh mng trong khu vc.
m bo thu ht lng nc c trong m khi khai thc n cote -40m, h
thu c o vi din tch 0,3ha, thng su hn b mt moong khai thc khong 10m
nhm thu ton b nc ma chy trn trong khai trng cng nh nc ngm v y.
Nh vy, vi dung tch cha khong 30.000m
3
, h thu khai trng hon ton c th
tip nhn ton b lng nc ma ngy ln nht (14.121m
3
/ngy) v nc ngm chy
vo m (4.412m
3
/ngy). Thi gian lu nc ti thiu ti h thu khi c lng ma ngy
ln nht l 1,62 ngy hay 38,9 gi.
Ngoi ra, tng kh nng lm sch nc thi sau khi bm cng bc t h
bm ln, Ch u t s o mt ao lng pha ng ngoi ranh m, c din tch
75mx10m v su 3m, dung tch . Ao ng thi c chc nng iu ha lu lng khi x
ra sng ng thi lng cn ln hai v ao c chc nng tng t nh b lng ct ngang.
Thi gian lu nc ti thiu ti ao l 0,12 ngy, tng ng 2,9 gi.
Bng 1. 14: Thi gian lu nc ti cc cng trnh x thi
Cng trnh

su Din tch Th tch Qin max Qin ave HRTmin HRTave
m m
2
m
3
m
3
/ngy m
3
/ngy ngy ngy
H thu 10 3.000 30.000 18.533 4.830 1,62 6,21
Ao lng - x 3 750 2.250 18.533 4.830 0,12 0,47
Ghi ch:
Qin max: lu lng nc pht sinh trong moong ngy ln nht (ti cote su
nht)
Qin ave: lu lng nc pht sinh trung bnh trong moong.
HRT min: thi gian lu nc nh nht
34
HRTave: thi gian lu nc trung bnh
Thi gian lu nc (HRT) c tnh theo cng thc sau: [2]
HRT=Qin/V
Vi: Qin: lu lng nc chy vo cng trnh (m
3
/ngy)
V: th tch cng trnh (m
3
)
Hng thot nc:bm cng bc t h thu nc ln ao x pha ng, sau
theo mng dn ra sng Cha.
Ngun tip nhn nc tho kh m:sng Cha pha ng m, khu vc thuc
x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn, tnh Bnh Thun.
c. La chn thit b bm
Trm bm v thit b i km phi d tho lp, di di v nm ngay trong moong
khai thc, d b vng do n mn lm h hng. Hai yu cu c bn v lp t l d
tho ri, di chuyn i ni khc khi cn thit v mi che phi bn vng chng ri
khi n mn.
Thit b bm c la chn trn c s phi c cng sut m bo tho kh ht
lng nc chy vo khai trng ngy ln nht (28.708m
3
) v chiu cao y t ti
thiu 45m ct nc.
Trm bm c t trn b ni trn mt h thu nc.
My bm s dng ti m c cc tnh nng k thut sau:
- Cng sut ng c: 70 KW.
- Cng sut bm: 200m
3
/h.
- Chiu cao y nc ti a theo thit k l 72m.
d. S ca hot ng
Khu vc khai thc thuc vng nhit i gi ma nng m, lng ma tp trung
vo ma ma ko di 7 thng (t thng 5 n thng 11). Lch chy my bm thay i
theo ma trong nm.
Bng 1. 15. S ca my bm thc hin hng nm
Thi gian
S ca my S
my
bm
D
phng
Ghi ch
Nc
ngm
Nc
mt
Cng
Ma kh (155 ngy) 226 0 226
1 1 Mt my hot ng 1 ca/ngy
Ma ma (210 ngy,
143 ngy ma) 306 369 675
1 1 Mt my hot ng 2 ca/ngy
Cng nm (lm trn) 532 369 901 2

Ma kh ch phi tho kh nc ngm vi lng nc khng ln, mi ngy ch
cn 01 ca my hot ng (1 ca/my.ngy) l m bo tho kh m, tng thi gian hot
ng trong ma kh l 226 ca.
Ma ma cn phi tho kh c nc ngm v nc ma, mi ngy chy 2 my
bm 2 ca lin tc (2 ca/my.ngy), tng thi gian hot ng trong ma ma l 901 ca
k c d phng.
Trong trng hp c bit c ngy ma t bin, c th huy ng c my bm
d phng v 2 ca my d phng/ngy trong ma ma (bm 3 ca/my.ngy).
35
1.4.8. Cng tc vn ti
Khi lng vn ti ca m c thc hin bng t theo h thng ng vn
ti ni b ca m, bao gm: t ph, bn phong ha n mn v nguyn khai.
Nng sut ca i vi xe ch nguyn khai: 320m
3
/ca. Dung tch thng ca xe 15 tn.
Khi lng vn ti nguyn khai: 280.000m
3
/nm.Khi lng vn ti t ph:
150.000 m
3
/nm, n ht nm th 5 th t ph khng cn. S lng xe c tng hp
trong bng sau:
Bng 1. 16. Bng tnh ton thit b vn ti
Stt Hng mc
S lng
Nm 1 Nm 2 5 Nm 6 15 Nm 16
I Xe ch nguyn khai
1 Khi lng 140.000 280.000 280.000 246.936
2 S ca my 438 875 875 772
3 S xe 2 4 3 4
II Xe ch t thi
1 Khi lng 193.750 125.000
2 S ca my 485 313
3 S xe 2 2
Tng (I+II) 4 6 3 4
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
thnh phm ca m c vn ti ti ni tiu th bng t. Vn chuyn
ngoi m do phng tin ca khch hng m nhn.
1.4.9 Cng tc thi
i tng thi ca m l tng t ph. Theo ti liu bo co kt qu thm
d, t thi ca m t cht lng lm vt liu san lp nn khng thit k bi thi
m. t ph ca m c khi lng nh c tiu th trc tip. Trng hp khng
kp tiu th th c thi vo bi thi tm trong khi ch tiu th.
Thi gian tn ti ca bi thi tm khng vt qu thi gian khai thc m. Theo
lch k hoch khai thc, cng tc bc ph ca m kt thc trong nm khai thc th 5.
Vic thi c p dng cng ngh thi bng t. Phng php thi
theo chu vi. C th:
t c vn chuyn t gng tng ra bi thi bng t t . m bo
an ton, ti v tr mp bi thi phi to bng t thi m bo an ton vi cc
kch thc:
- Cao 1,5m.
- B rng chn an ton 2,4m.
- Khong cch t mp di ca thng xe khi v mt 0,5m.
- Gc nghing mt tng thi 5%.
Theo thi gian, bi thi c m rng n ht din tch thi, chiu cao
thi 5m, gc nghing sn tng thi bng gc n nh t nhin ca t thi b ri.
Ranh gii bi thi tm n mp tng khai thc gn nht l 5m nhm m bo an
ton cho ngi v thit b khai thc bn di moong
36
Bng 1. 17: Tng hp thit b ti m
STT Thit b Thng s k thut S lng
1 My xc thy lc gu ngc 1,2m
3
/gu 2
2 My xc thy lc gn ba p 2,8 tn/ba 1
3 t ti t 15 tn 6
4 My xc bnh lp 3m
3
/gu 1
5 My khoan thy lc 105mm 1
6 My khoan BMK 36-42mm 1
7 My nn kh 500 m
3
/gi 1
8 My bm thot nc 200 m
3
/gi 2
9 Xe t 4 ch - 1
10 Xe t ti thng 4 tn 1
11 t bn ti nc 9 m
3
/xe 1
12 Trm nghin sng 150t/h 4
13 My pht in d phng
Nht, ng c Diesel,
cng sut 10,5/12,0 1
sut 200.000m
3
/nm].
1.4.10. Cc nhu cu v nguyn, nhin, vt liu v in nng
1.4.10.1. Nhu cu s dng nguyn liu
- Khi lng huy ng vo khai thc hng nm:200.000m
3
nguyn
khi/nm.
- Khi lng nguyn khai a vo ch bin: 280.000m
3
nguyn khai/nm.
1.4.10.2. Nhu cu in nng tiu th v ngun cung cp
Xy lp trm bin th 22/0,4kv, tng cng sut 1000 KVA dn t li in
quc gia vo m. Vi cng sut trn m bo cho nhu cu sn xut v sinh hot ca
m.
M hot ng 1 ca/ngy, thi gian hot ng t 7gi sng n 5 gi chiu trong
iu kin nh sng mt tri bnh thng nn khng cn phi xy dng h thng chiu
cho thit b v cng nhn khai thc. H thng chiu sng c lp t n gin cho
khu vn phng m bng cc bng n hunh quang v si t thng thng.
in d phng: Ngun in d phng ly t my pht in diesel cung cp cho
mt s h tiu th in ca m trong thi gian b cp in (ch yu l cc h tiu th
trong vn phng m).My pht in chy ch lin tc thay in li vi thi gian
s dng ln hn 1h trong 12h nn chn My pht in vi cng sut l cng sut lin
tc (Prime Power) : 10,5 / 12,0 KVA.
Bng 1. 18: Nhu cu s dng in m
STT Nhu cu s dng Khi lng n v
nh mc
kwh/n v
Tiu th
(kwh/nm)
1 Ch bin 280.000 m
3
2,5 700.000
2 Thot nc m 901 ca 480 432.480
3 My nn kh 290 ca 86 24.940
4 in chiu sng, bo v 4.380 h 15 65.700
5 Lm vic, sinh hot, nh xng 2.400 h 30 72.000
37
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
1.4.10.3. Nhu cu v cht n, ph kin n v ngun cung cp
Chi ph cht n hng nm ph thuc vo sn lng khai thc hng nm c tnh
n cc chi ph khc nh: ph phong ha, lm ng vn chuyn, to gng khai
thc, ci to sn tng v ph m chn tng, ... (tnh cho nm t cng sut thit k).
- N mn l khoan ln : Q
1
= 200.000 x 0,45 = 90.000, kg
- N mn l khoan con: Q
2
= 0,05 x 90.000= 4.500, kg
- Tng khi lng thuc n s dng hng nm ca m
Q = 90.000 + 4.500 = 94.500 kg
Bng 1. 19. nh mc tiu hao vt liu n cho mt t n
STT Loi vt liu v tnh S lng/l khoan Tiu hao /t
1 Thuc n kg 69 2.070
2 Kp in vi sai Ci 1 30
3 Mi n Qu 2 60
4 Dy n
Xung l 1 m 11 330
Xung l 2 m 6 180
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
- N mn l khoan con: S kp n s dng trong n mn l khoan con l 01
chic v mi l khoan np 2,39kg thuc n.Chi ph thuc n v phng tin n c
th hin trong bng sau:
Bng 1. 20. Tiu hao thuc n v phng tin n trong cc nm khai thc
STT Loi vt liu
v tnh
Nm khai thc
Nm 1 Nm 215 Nm 16
I L khoan ln
1 Thuc n kg 45.000 90.000 74.372
2 Kp in vi sai Ci 660 1.320 1.164
3 Mi n Qu 1.320 2.640 2.328
4 Dy n
4.1 Xung l 1 m 7.260 14.520 12.805
4.1 Xung l 2 m 3.960 7.920 6.985
II L khoan con
1 Thuc n kg 2.250 4.500 3.969
2 Kp in vi sai Ci 731 1.462 1.289
3 Dy n m 2.193 4.386 3.868
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
1.4.10.4. Nhu cu v nc
a. Nhu cu nc cho sinh hot v ngun cung cp
- Nhu cu: Cc h tiu th nc sinh hot gm khu vn phng m v cng nhn
m. Nhu cu nc sinh hot nhu sau:

38
Bng 1. 21: Nhu cu cp nc sinh hot
STT Lao ng
nh mc cp nc
(lt/ngi.ngy)
S lao ng
(ngi)
Nc cp
(m
3
/ngy)
1 Trc tip 70 40 2,8
2 Gin tip 125 25 3,1
Tng 65 5,9
(Theo TCXD-33-2006: Cp nc - Mng li ng ng v cng trnh - tiu
chun thit k).
- Ngun cp: Nc ung s dng nc tinh khit ng bnh. Nc sinh hot
khc s dng nc ngm. Theo cc l khoan thy vn trong giai on thm d th lu
lng t 38-43m
3
/ngy .D kin khoan 01 l khoan cung cp nc sinh hot lu
lng 2,5 m
3
/gi phc v cho sinh hot.
b. Nhu cu nc cho sn xut v ngun cung cp
- Nhu cu dng nc:
+ Ti ng vn chuyn, ti ng, ti mt bng sn cng nghip bng xe
bn.
+ Nhu cu cp nc ti ng, sn cng ngip thay i theo ma: ma ma
dng t, ma kh dng nhiu do ma ma t phi ti. nh mc thc t p dng tnh l
2,5-5 lt/m
2
. Tn sut ti 2-4 ln/ngy.
+ Cp nc cho cng tc khoan: nh mc cp nc thc t 10 lt/m khoan
tng ng 258m
3
/ca.
+ Cp nc phun sng gim bi khi ch bin ti cc trm nghin: nh mc
cp nc thc t 30-50 lt/m
3
.
Nc c ly t h thu nc moong khai thc hoc t sng Cha. S dng
bm nc dn nc t sng Cha hoc t ao lng bn trn moong. Nhu cu cp nc
phc v sn xut d kin nh Bng sau. Tng nhu cu cp nc ln nht ca d n l
916m
3
/ngy.
Bng 1. 22: Tng nhu cu s dng nc ti m
STT Nhu cu s dng n v Ma ma Ma kh
1 Cp nc sn xut 439 916
Ti ng m
3
/ca 85 340
Phun nc gim bi ti my xay m
3
/ca 29 48
Ti sn cng nghip m
3
/ca 68 270
Khoan m
3
/ca 258,0 258,0
2 Cp nc sinh hot m
3
/ngy 5,9 5,9
1.4.10.5. Nhu cu s dng nhin liu v ngun cung cp
Xng du tiu th c m hp ng vi cy xng trong vng (huyn Hm
Tn) cung cp ti m. Da theo s lng cc thit b, ca lm vic giai on khai thc
t cng sut thit k, lng nhin liu tiu th d kin nh bng sau:
Bng 1. 23: D tnh lng nhin liu tiu th
Stt Thit b
Thng s
k thut
S
lng
nh mc
(l/ca)
Tiu th
(l/ca)
1 My xc thy lc gu ngc 1,2m
3
/gu 2 113,22 226,44
2 My xc thy lc gn ba p 2,8 tn/ba 1 113,22 113,22
3 t ti t 15 tn 6 72,9 437,4
39
Stt Thit b
Thng s
k thut
S
lng
nh mc
(l/ca)
Tiu th
(l/ca)
4 My xc bnh lp 3m
3
/gu 1 159,6 159,6
5 My nn kh 500 m
3
/gi 1 34,56 34,56
6 Xe t ti thng 4 tn 1 72,9 72,9
7 t bn ti nc 9 m
3
/xe 1 27 27
8 My pht in 10,5/12,0 KVA 1 24 24

Tng 22 617,4 1.095,12
1.4.10.6. Thng tin lin lc v t ng ha
Ti khu vc gn m hin nay h thng vin thng bao gm c h thng in
thoi c nh v di ng u c ph sng v hot ng tt. D n c hon
chnh cc hng mc:
- in thoi c nh s dng dch v VNPT.
- H thng vin thng di ng ca m d kin tip tc s dng mng thng tin
ca ngnh bu in, thit b vin thng di ng. Ngoi ra cc cng nhn, cn b hu
ht u c in thoi di ng nn cng thun tin lin lc.
1.4.11. T chc qun l sn xut v d kin tin thc hin
Gi nguyn m hnh t chc nh trong D n u t xc nh. T chc m
xy dng Tn Thng hot ng nh mt X nghip m hch ton ph thuc Cng
ty; b phn trc tip tham gia sn xut v b phn gin tip, phc v.
Hot ng chung ca m l ch o sn xut thng nht t Cng ty C phn Vt
liu Xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun.
- B phn trc tip (tham gia cc cng on cng ngh): Khoan n mn, xc
bc, vn chuyn, ch bin , bm thot nc khai trng.
- B phn gin tip: Gm b phn qun l, b phn kinh doanh v b phn phc
v sn xut (sa cha, kho tng, bo v, ...).
Bin ch lao ng ca b phn trc tip gm c ngi ca cng ty hng lng
hng thng v ngi ca t chc, c nhn c thit b tham gia vo cc cng on sn
xut m hng lng khon.
Hnh 6: S t chc qun l

Bin ch lao ng ti m c th nh sau:
Cng ty

X nghip m

K hoch vt t

Ti chnh k ton

K thut, ATL

Ch bin

Xc bc, vn ti

Khoan n mn, thot
nc khai trng

40
Bng 1. 24: Bin ch lao ng ton m
STT Nhn lc
S
lng
Trong
Chnh Ph
A B phn gin tip 25 10 15
1 Ph gim c Cng ty kim Gim c XN 1 1
2 Ph gim c-Gim c iu hnh m, Ph
gim c kinh doanh
2 2
3 K hoch vt t 5 1 4
4 Ti chnh-k ton, trm cn 6 2 4
5 An ton v k thut 4 1 3
6 Y t 1 1 0
7 Bo v, li xe 6 2 4
B B phn trc tip 40 11 29
1 i bm thot nc m 5 1 4
2 i khoan 3 2 1
3 i c gii 11 6 5
3.1 Xc thy lc v ba p qu c 4 1 3
3.2 Xc bnh lp 1 1 0
3.3 t 6 4 2
4 i ch bin 6 1 5
5 Lao ng th cng 15 1 14
C Tng cng 65 21 44
sut 200.000m
3
/nm]
D kin tin thc hin nh sau:
Bng 1. 25: D kin tin thc hin d n
Nm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
XDCB
Trng
cy

Khai
thc

Hng
ro

Bin
bo

bao

Ci
to,
PHMT

41
1.4.12. Cng tc gii phng mt bng
Phng n gii phng mt bng v ti nh c m xy dng Tn Thng c
thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v t ai. C th:
- Lut t ai nm 2003.
- Ngh nh s 181/2004/N-CP ngy 29/10/2004 Hng dn thi hnh Lut
t ai ca Chnh ph.
- Ngh nh s 17/2006/N-CP ca Chnh ph ngy 27/01/2006 V sa i,
b sung mt s iu ca cc ngh nh hng dn thi hnh Lut t ai v Ngh nh
s 187/2004/N-CP v vic chuyn cng ty nh nc thnh cng ty c phn
- Ngh nh s 84/2007/N-CP ngy 25/5/2007 Quy nh b sung v vic cp
giy chng nhn quyn s dng t, thu hi t, thc hin quyn s dng t, trnh t,
th tc bi thng, h tr, ti nh c khi Nh nc thu hi t v gii quyt khiu ni
v t ai ca Chnh ph.
Theo , d n u t xy dng cng trnh m l thin khai thc xy dng Tn
Thng c Nh nc h tr thu hi t thc hin d n.
Cng ty C phn Vt liu xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun s phi hp vi
Hi ng n b gii phng mt bng ca huyn Hm Tn xy dng phng n n
b gii phng mt bng cho cc h dn trn din tch m c cp php khai thc, k
hp ng thu t vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Bnh Thun.
Gi tr bi thng t ai, nh ca, vt kin trc v cy trng c trn t theo
khung gi quy nh ca UBND tnh Bnh Thun.
Thi gian thc hin: Ngay sau khi c cp giy php khai thc.
Mt s din tch t c th thc hin gii phng mt bng theo hnh thc t
tha thun n b ngay trong thi gian chun b u t. Do vy, hin nay ch d n
ang thc hin r sot hin trng m v tin hnh tha thun mt s tha t nm
trong phm vi ranh m v ranh cc cng trnh ph tr.
1.4.13. Tng vn u t v d tr li nhun
Vn chun b u t cho cng tc t vn, xy dng c bn, mua sm thit b
c huy ng trong nm 2010 v 2011.
Bng 1. 26: Bng tng mc u t ban u ca d n
STT Mc chi ph
Gi tr trc
thu (ng)
Thu VAT
(ng)
Gi tr sau thu
(ng)
T l
(%)
1
Chi ph bi thng
gii phng mt
bng
3.452.500.000

3.452.500.000 9,43%
2
Chi ph xy dng
c bn
2.228.400.000 222.840.000 2.451.240.000 6,08%
3 Chi ph thit b 22.710.200.000 2.271.020.000 24.981.220.000 62,00%
4
Chi ph t vn,
QLDA v chi ph
khc
3.223.796.006 322.379.601 3.546.175.606 8,80%
5
Vn lu ng ban
u cho sn xut
1.685.938.145 168.593.815 1.854.531.960 4,60%
6 Chi ph d phng 3.330.083.415 333.008.342 3.663.091.757 9,09%

Tng mc u t 36.630.917.566 3.317.841.757 39.948.759.322 100%
42
Tng mc u t ca D n l 38.927.000.991 ng (gi tr trc thu VAT)
d n nhm C, thi gian khai thc trong vng 16,9 nm, tin lng chi tr hng nm
l: 3.792.0000.000 ng, to vic lm v thu nhp cho 65 ngi.
Tng doanh thu bn xy dng: 838.653.857.284 ng;
Tng thu nhp d tr: 280.489.285.376 ng; thu nhp trung bnh hng nm l
16.499.369.728 ng;
Ngn lu rng sau thu trung bnh hng nm theo quan im tng u t l
15.339.007.315 ng; theo quan im ch s hu l 14.512.717.669 ng;
Tng thu ti nguyn: 32.425.632.107 ng;
Tng thu thu nhp doanh nghip: 90.302.145.922 ng;
Trong tng mc u t ca d n tnh n cc chi ph u t cc cng trnh
mi trng, duy tr v vn hnh thit b, cng trnh bo v mi trng, ng tin k
qu ci to PHMT ca d n:
+ Chi tit hn chi ph GSMT ti Mc 5.2.4.
+ Chi ph u t cho cc cng trnh bo v mi trng trnh by ti Bng 5.2.
+ Chi ph duy tr cc hot ng bo v mi trng lit k ti Bng 5.3.
+ Chi ph k qu v tng tin k qu hng nm c d tnh c th ti Bo
co ci to, PHMT ca d n.
Bng 1. 27: Bng tng mc u t ton d n
STT Mc chi ph Gi tr trc
thu (ng)
Thu VAT
(ng)
Gi tr sau thu
(ng)
T l
(%)
1 Chi ph bi thng
gii phng mt
bng
3.452.500.000 - 3.452.500.000 8,87%
2 Chi ph xy dng
c bn
2.228.400.000 222.840.000 2.451.240.000 5,72%
3 Chi ph thit b 24.120.600.000 2.412.060.000 26.532.660.000 61,96%
4 Chi ph t vn,
QLDA v chi ph
khc
3.223.796.006 322.379.601 3.546.175.606 8,28%
5 Vn lu ng ban
u cho sn xut
1.685.938.145 168.593.815 1.854.531.960 4,33%
6 Chi ph d phng 4.215.766.840 421.576.684 4.637.343.524 10,83%
Tng mc u t 38.927.000.991 3.547.450.099 42.474.451.090 100%
Ton b s vn trn y d kin c ti tr t:
- Ngun vn kinh doanh, qu u t pht trin ca Cng ty, vn huy ng t
cc c ng: 19.927.000.991 ng (chim 51,19%);
- Vn vay ngn hng: 19.000.000.000 ng (chim 48,81%).
Kt qu tnh ton v so snh cc tiu ch nh gi D n cho thy:
NPV = 40.480.965.932 > 0;
IRR
TIPV
= 39,12% > WACC = 20,12%; IRR
EPV
= 52,96% > r
E
= 25%;
T sut sinh li ni b c hiu chnh: MIRR
TIPV
= 25,86%; IRR
EPV
= 32,96%.
Thi gian hon vn ca d n theo quan im TIPV l 4 nm 4 thng; theo
quan im EPV l 3 nm 2 thng.
43
Nh vy, vi cc ch tiu kinh t a vo tnh ton th D n u t khai thc -
ch bin xy dng m Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, x Thng Hi, huyn Hm Tn,
tnh Bnh Thun hon ton kh thi, mang li hiu qu kinh t v li nhun cao cho
Cng ty.

44
CHNG 2
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T X HI

2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1. iu kin a hnh, a cht
2.1.1.1. c im a hnh [17]
Vng m c c im a hnh mang sc thi chung ca kiu a hnh i,
chuyn xung ng bng thp ven bin vi xu th thp dn t Ty Bc xung ng
Nam. Phn ven bin cn li mt s i, ni thp nm gia ng bng ven bin v cc
ct c cao t 5m n trn 20m ko di gn song song vi ng b bin hin ti
theo phng ng Bc - Ty Nam v thp dn v pha ng Nam, tip gip vi b
bin hin ti.
a hnh c dng i thp chuyn sang ng bng thp ven bin, vi cao
tuyt i thay i t 4m n 12m, vi xu th thp dn v ng Nam. B mt a hnh
tng i bng phng, gc nghing b mt a hnh t 2
0
n 5
0
. Trn b mt a hnh,
tuf dacit l ra trn din rng. Thm thc vt km pht trin, ch yu l trng m vo
ma ma, ma kh hoang; ngoi ra, c mt t din tch trng nhn nhng nng sut
thp v din tch nh, pha Ty Bc khu m ang trng th nghim cy cao su.
Trong phm vi m khng c sng, sui ct qua, ch c cc khe nh nhng nc
c thot nhanh chng v pha sng Cha. Khe chy theo hng Ty ng Bc ra
sng Cha.
2.1.1.2. iu kin a cht [17]
a. Cu to a cht m
A TNG
Cu trc a cht chung ca vng tng i n gin, bao gm cc thnh to
sau:
H tng Nha Trang (Knt)
Cc thnh to h tng Nha Trang phn b rng ri, l ra dc theo b phi sng
Cha v trong din tch thm d l ri rc thnh cc bi c din tch t 0,1 ha n
0,5 ha. Thnh phn thch hc bao gm cc phun tro axit v t phun tro trung
tnh: tuf dacit, dacit porphyr, andesit porphyrit. c mu xm en pht xanh n
xm sm,cu to khi c st, kin trc ni ban vi nn vi khm ht cu. Trong phm
vi m, cc b nt n phn trn, cng xung su c nguyn khi ln hn, i
ch do hot ng kin to lm cho v vn, nt n nhiu. Dc theo cc khe nt thnh
thong c vi vi mch thch anh xuyn ct. Chiu dy h tng trong phm vi m trn
50m.
H T
Cc thnh to t phn b bao trm khu vc. Theo ti liu a cht khu vc,
cc trm tch t c mt trong vng bao gm:
- H t - Thng Pleistocen (Q
1
)
Ph thng trung-thng. H tng Phan Thit (m
b
Q
1
2-3
pt)
45
Cc trm tch ny phn b pha Bc khu vc thm d, thnh phn ch yu l
ct thch anh ht nh n va, ct ln bt st mu xm nu, nu . gn kt trung
bnh. Chiu dy trm tch thay i t 20-30m.
- H t - Thng Holocen (Q
2
)
Ph thng h- trung. Trm tch sng- bin (amQ
2
1-2
)
Cc trm tch ny phn b pha Bc khu vc thm d, thnh phn ch yu ct
pha bt, bt st pha ct, st bt mu xm nht, dy t 4-15m.
Ph thng trung. Trm tch bin (mQ
2
2
)
Phn b rng ri trung tm khu vc nghin cu. Thnh phn ch yu l ct
thch anh mu trng, xm trng, i ch ln t bt st. Chiu dy trung bnh 4 -12m.
Ph thng trung-thng. Trm tch gi (vQ
2
2-3
)
Cc trm tch ny phn b tp trung pha Ty Nam khu vc thm d, thnh
phn ch yu l ct thch anh ht trung n nh, mu xm trng. ht kh u, mc
gn kt yu. Chiu dy trm tch thay i t 1,0-4,0m.
Ph thng trung - thng. Trm tch bin (mQ
2
2-3
)
Phn b dng di pha nam khu vc thm d. Thnh phn gm bt, st, ct, sn
cha cc mnh s c.
Ph thng trung - thng. Trm tch bin- m ly (mbQ
2
2-3
)
Phn b ch yu pha Ty khu vc thm d, thnh phn ch yu l ct, ct pha
bt st, bt st pha ct cha thc vt phn hy km, mu nu en, dy 0,5-4,0m.
Ph thng thng (Q
2
3
)
Trm tch sng (aQ
2
3
), cc trm tch ny phn b ch yu dc theo Sng Cha,
tip gip vi pha ng Bc m, thnh phn ch yu l ct pha bt st mu nu nht,
dy 1-4m.
Trm tch bin (mQ
2
3
) phn b dc ven bin hin i. Thnh phn ch yu l
ct ht nh- va, mu xm vng nht ln v s c, b dy 2-4m.
b. c im thn khong
Thn khong xy dng phn b ton b khu m. Thn khong ny ch l mt
phn trong khi ln ca phun tro h tng Nha Trang, phn b kh rng ln trong
khu vc. Mt ct a cht khu m t trn xung nh sau:
- Trn cng l lp vn th, thnh phn trm tch ch yu l tp hp ct ln sn,
bt st v cc mnh cc Tuf dacit b phong ha. Lp ny b dy 0,0 - 4,0m. Thnh
to ny phn b phn ln din tch khu m.
- i bn phong ha: b nt n t va n mnh thnh nhng mnh, thi
dng dm cc to. B dy i ny t 0,7m n 5,0m.
- i cng chc: Phn b lin bn di lp bn phong ha n y l khoan,
ch yu l tuf dacit, t hn l ryodacit, andesit. b nt n va, b dy >50m
2.1.1.3.Cht lng xy dng [17]
a. Thnh phn thch hc
Thnh phn thch hc v khong vt
Tuf dacit: L chim hu ht tr lng c trong m, l ra thnh cc bi
trn b mt khu vc thm d v ti l khoan LKII.2, LKII.3, chim khong 10%
din tch thm d. Phn cn li b ph di lp t st bt ln dm mnh phong
ha. B dy thn khong ln, cc cng trnh khoan thm d cha khng ch ht.
46
- Tin hnh phn tch 22 mu lt mng, trong c 18 mu l tuf dacit, c
thnh phn khong vt nh sau:
Bng 2. 1. Thnh phn khong vt ca Tuf dacit
STT Mau
Plagioclas(%) Thach anh(%) Khoang vat mau (%) Felspat (%)
Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max
1
LK I.1/3
24 25 4 5 10 10 59 61
2
LK I.2/4
24 25 4 4 7 8 64 64
3
LK I.3/1
5
6 1 2 84 86
4
LK I.3/2
4
5 1 1 1 2 88 89
5
LK II.2/1
20
22 3 4 66 67
6
LK II.2/2
28
28 3 4 1 2 64 67
7
LK II.3/2
14 15 2 2 78 78
8
LK II.3/3
16 16 2 2 1 2 77 79
9
LKIII.1/1
12 12 4 5 77 79
10
LKIII.1/2
10 10 3 4 79 81
11
LKIII.2/3
22 24 4 4 8 10 63 63
12
LKIII.2/4
20 20 4 4 8 10 64 66
13
LKIII.3/2
24 24 3 4 7 8 63 65
14
LKIII.3/4
26 26 4 4 8 10 58 60
15
LKIV.1/2
18 18 4 5 3 4 73 73
16
LKIV.1/3
18 20 3 4 10 12 65 66
17
LKIV.3/2
20 20 4 5 7 8 64 65
18
LKIV.3/4
20 20 5 6 10 12 60 63
Cc khong vt khc v khong vt qung: rt t.
Dacit porphyr: C khi lng khng ng k, ch xut hin ti l khoan
LKII.1. c mu xm, ni ban, nn kin trc vi ht, vi khm. Cu to khi, rn chc.
c thnh phn khong vt nh sau:
Bng 2. 2. Thnh phn khong vt ca dacit porphyr
STT Mau
Plagioclas(%) Khoang vat mau (%) Felspat (%)
Min Max Min Max Min Max
1
LK II.1/2
12
12 2 3 85 86
2
LK II.1/4
7
8 1 2 90 92
Andesit porphyrit: C khi lng khng ng k, ch bt gp ti phn di
su l khoan LKI.1 v phn trn l khoan LKI.2. c mu xm, ni ban, nn kin
trc pilotaxit, cu to dng chy. c thnh phn khong vt nh sau:
Bng 2. 3. Thnh phn khong vt ca andesit porphyrit
STT Mau
Plagioclas(%) Pyroxen bien oi (%)
Min Max Min Max
1
LK I.1/4
68 70 25 26
2
LK I.2/2
68 69 29 31
47
b. Thnh phn ha hc
Kt qu phn tch 22 mu ha ton din ly t cc l khoan cho thy, tuf
dacit c mt trong khu vc thm d c thnh phn kh n nh. Hm lng cc oxyt
dao ng trong khong rt hp (Bng IV.1). c hm lng SiO
2
(48,74-75,94%);
Hm lng tng kim thp, trung bnh 4,77%< 10%; kim Natri thng tri hn Kali;
anion Cl
-
rt thp (0,016%). Kt qu ti bng sau
Bng 2. 4: Kt qu phn tch ha ton din
Gi tr (%) Max Min Trung bnh
MKN 6,96 0 2,46
SiO
2
75,94 48,74 65,89
Al
2
O
3
15,3 11,14 12,87
FeO 0,417 0,071 0,161
Fe
2
O
3
12,02 2,43 5,59
CaO 8,13 1,07 3,78
MgO 6,54 1,17 2,85
Na
2
O 5 1,25 2,8
K
2
O 2,85 1,25 1,97
TiO
2
1,443 0,149 0,544
P
2
O
5
0,255 0,036 0,101
SO
3
0,807 0,047 0,215
MnO 0,503 0,052 0,139
Cl
-
0,043 0,003 0,016
Thnh phn vi lng
Kt qu phn tch 22 mu quang ph nh lng gn ng cho thy, hm lng
cc nguyn t to qung v cc nguyn t qu him, phng x rt thp, di tr s
Clak hoc khng pht hin c, khng c kh nng to m cng nh cc thnh phn
c hi.
Tnh cht c l
Kt qu phn tch 11 mu c l n gin v 22 mu c l ton din (Bng
2.8) cho thy cc loi trong m u c cc ch tiu c l t yu cu xy dng,
c th nh sau:
+ T trng: 2,69-2,90, trung bnh 2,74g/cm
3
;
+ rng: 2,53-5,48%, trung bnh 3,41%;
+ ht nc: 0,03-0,46%, trung bnh 0,198%;
+ Cng khng nn khi kh: 771-1.133kG/cm
2
, trung bnh 924kG/cm
2
;
+ Cng khng nn bo ha: 637-1.082kG/cm
2
, trung bnh 850kG/cm
2

+ H s bin mm: 0,83-0,96, trung bnh 0,92.
Qua kt qu th nghim cho thy xy dng m Tn Thng, x Thng Hi c
bn c hc t yu cu s dng lm vt liu xy dng ( dm xy dng, ri
ng).
i chiu vi tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 7570:2006 v ct liu cho b tng v
va, cc yu cu k thut u t.
48
Bng 2. 5: Bng tng hp tnh cht c l ca
Thng s Max Min tb
Cng khng nn t nhin trung bnh
(kGcm
2
) 1.133 771 924
Cng khng nn bo ha trung bnh
(kG/cm
2
) 1.082 637 850
Th nghim ct
Gc ma st trong j
41
0
14' 38
0
30' 40
0
32'
Lc dnh C (kG/cm
2
)
252,8 180,6 215,8
H s ha mm
0,96 0,83 0,92
m (%) 0,39 0,02 0,16
Dung trng t nhin (g/cm
3
) 2,807 2,592 2,646
Dung trng kh (g/cm
3
) 2,797 2,582 2,641
Dung trng b.ha (g/cm
3
) 2,808 2,593 2,647
T trng 2,9 2,69 2,735
ht nc (%)
0,46 0,03 0,198
rng (%)
5,48 2,53 3,41
bo ha (%)
29,07 1,58 12,34
Bng 2. 6. Bng so snh cc ch tiu theo TVVN 7570:2006
Tiu chun TCVN 7570:2006 M Tn Thng
Cng chu nn bo ha 60 Mpa ~ 600kG/cm
2
850kG/cm
2

Hm lng SO
3
1% 0,022%
Hm lng Cl
-
0,01% 0,0016%
K
2
O+Na
2
O 10% 4,77%
Tm li, cc kt qu phn tch trn cho thy, v thnh phn thch hc, ha hc,
hm lng cc cht c hi, tnh cht c l ca xy dng ti m Tn Thng, x
Thng Hi u t cc yu cu lm xy dng theo tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN
7570:2006).
2.1.1.4. Cc nguyn t c hi i km
Thnh phn SO
3

Theo mu phn tch mt thnh phn 11 mu cho kt qu SO
3
th thnh phn SO
3

dao ng 0,06-0,52%, trung bnh 0,20%, thp di mc cho php i vi xy dng
(<1%.) v t yu cu.
Hot tnh phng x
Kt qu o tham s phng x ca 33 mu cho thy trong m Tn Thng
c hot phng x v cng bc x thp mc bnh thng, dao ng 1,8-5,0
R/h, trung bnh 2,8R/h<20R/h, an ton khi s dng lm vt liu xy dng.
2.1.1.5. Phn khu a cht cng trnh
Trong m c cc lp t theo th t t trn xung di nh sau:
p 1 hu t mm
Phn b mt phn ln din tch m v nm trn thn khong xy dng.
Thnh phn ch yu l ct, ct bt v cc mnh do phong ha v vn. Chiu dy
1,0-4,0m, trung bnh 2,0m.
49
Thnh phn ht ca lp 1 theo kt qu phn tch 6 mu c l t nh sau:
Bng 2. 7:Thnh phn ht ca lp 1
Gi tr Max Min Trung bnh
Sn si (%)
10,0 - 20,0 (mm) 23,3 21,4 22,35
5,0 - 10,0 (mm) 15,9 3,6 9,13
2,0 - 5,0 (mm) 16,3 2,5 8,78
Ct (%)
1,0 - 2,0 (mm) 9,4 1,9 5,57
0,5 - 1,0 (mm) 10,4 1,4 6,03
0,25 - 0,5 (mm) 14,3 3 7,52
0,1 - 0,25 (mm) 21,8 3,7 10
0,05 - 0,1 (mm) 14,5 1,1 9,23
Bi (%)
0,01 -0,05 (mm) 16,2 3,5 10,83
0,005 - 0,01 (mm) 8 2 4,73
St (%) <0,005 (mm) 48,4 12,4 25,23
Tnh cht c l lp ny nh sau:
T trng 2,67-2,70; trung bnh 2,68g/cm
3
.
m t nhin: 0,5-26,1; trung bnh 12,88%.
bo ha: 2-93%; trung bnh 46,17%
Khi lng th tch t nhin: 1,12-1,96g/cm
3
; trung bnh 1,61g/cm
3
.
Khi lng th tch kh: 1,1-1,59g/cm
3
3
.
Lc kt dnh: 0,1-0,44kG/cm
2
; trung bnh 0,24kG/cm
2
.
Gc ma st trong: 16
0
12-22
0
05; trung bnh 19
0
20
Lp t ny lun trng thi cng ri, c tnh cht c l khng n nh v c
iu kin a cht cng trnh khng thun li nhng do b dy lp mng nn khng
nh hng nhiu n cng tc khai thc m sau ny.
p 2 lp cng
cng bao trm ton b khu m, c thnh phn l tuf dacit, acit porphyr
v andesit porphyrit. Cc thnh to ny c cng khng nn cao, n nh ln.
y chnh l i tng khai thc ca m. Vi tnh cht c l n nh, cng khng
nn v khng ct cao s rt thun li cho cng tc khai thc sau ny.
Kt qu th nghim cho thy cc ch tiu c l c bn ca cc nh sau:
m t nhin: 0,02 - 0,39%; trung bnh 0,160%.
Dung trng t nhin: 2,592 - 2,807g/cm
3
3
.
Dung trng kh: 2,582 - 2,797g/cm
3
3
.
Dung trng bo ha: 2,593 - 2,808g/cm
3
3
.
T trng: 2,690 - 2,90; trung bnh 2,735.
Lc dnh kt bo ha 180,6-252,8kG/cm
2
; trung bnh 215,8kG/cm
2
.
Cng khng nn t nhin: 771-1.133kG/cm
2
; trung bnh 924kG/cm
2
.
Cng khng nn bo ha: 637-1.082kG/cm
2
; trung bnh 850kG/cm
2
.
Gc ma st trong trng thi bo ha 38
o
30- 41
o
14, trung bnh 40
o
32.
Lp ny c kh nng chu lc tt, n nh. i vi cng tc khai thc m, y
l lp c iu kin a cht cng trnh thun li.
Da trn cc nguyn tc trn, khu vc thm d c phn ra 2 khu a cht
cng trnh:
50
+ Khu I: Khu t mm ri
Khu ny phn b phn ln din tch thm d. Chng c cu thnh t cc lp
ph b mt v gc phong ha v vn vi b dy 0,0-4,0m; trung bnh 2,0m. Thnh
phn t gm ct bt, st pha ct ln sn si, mnh . Khu ny c iu kin a
cht cng trnh km n nh.
+ Khu II: Khu cng.
Phn b trn ton b din tch m, l ra trn b mt din tch thm d khong
10%. Thnh phn ch yu l phun tro axit h tng Nha Trang. rt cng chc, c
iu kin a cht cng trnh rt n nh.
2.1.2. iu kin kh tng - thy vn
2.1.2.1. iu kin kh tng
Khu vc d n nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma cn xch o vi hai
ma r rt, ma kh bt u t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau, ma ma bt u t
thng 5 n thng 11. Theo bn tin kh tng khu vc Hm Tn do i Kh tng
Thy vn khu vc Nam b cung cp c c im nh sau:
Bng 2. 8: Nhit khu vc giai on 2008-2009
Nm 2008 2009
THNG T
tb
T
x
T
m

T
tb

(
o
C)
T
mtb

(
o
C)
T
m

(
o
C)
Ngy
xut
hin
T
xtb

(
o
C)
T
x

(
o
C)
Ngy
xut
hin
1 25,0 32,2 20,3 23,7 20,5 17,7 19 28,3 30,0 1
2 25,5 32,2 18,6 25,6 22,8 19,0 2 30,0 32,3 26
3 26,2 32,0 21,0 27,7 24,6 22,6 15 31,9 34,0 25
4 28,3 33,6 23,9 28,4 25,6 23,3 29 32,6 38,2 19
5 26,9 34,4 22,1 27,3 24,9 23,9 29 30,7 33,1 22
6 27,0 32,9 22,8 27,4 24,8 22,3 10 31,5 34,2 13
7 27,9 33,0 21,6 26,8 24,3 23,0 17 31,1 34,2 7
8 26,8 31,5 22,0 27,6 24,9 22,0 25 31,5 34,0 20
9 26,5 32,9 23,2 26,6 24,4 23,2 27 30,5 33,2 19
10 27,8 32,5 22,8 26,4 23,8 22,6 29 30,2 32,3 14
11 26,3 31,7 21,6 26,7 23,7 22,4 29 30,9 32,3 17
12 25,5 31,0 20,8 25,6 22,3 19,9 10 30,2 32,0 16
Nm 26,5 34,4 18,6 26,7 23,9 17,7 19/1 30,8 38,2 19/4
- T
tb
: Nhit khng kh trung bnh thng (
o
C)
- T
xtb
: Nhit khng kh ti cao trung bnh thng (
o
C)
- T
x
: Nhit khng kh ti cao tuyt i (
o
C)
- T
mtb
: Nhit khng kh ti thp trung bnh thng (
o
C)
- T
m
: Nhit khng kh ti thp tuyt i (
o
C)
S gi nng trong nm Tng s gi nng trong nm l 2.429-2.768 gi, cao
hn cc khu vc khc; Cc thng ma kh c tng gi nng kh cao, chim trn 60%
s gi nng/nm. Thng 3 v 4 c s gi nng kh cao : 271 - 252 gi ; Thng 9/2008
c s gi nng thp nht: 131 gi.
ng c hi
Khu vc Hm Tn cng nh Tnh Bnh Thun c lng bc hi phn b theo
ma r rt, lng nc bc hi vo ma kh ln v ko di, ngc li ma ma thp.
51
Lng bc hi trung bnh nm 1.283,7-1.649mm. Lng bc hi cao n nh im
vo cc thng cui ma kh v bt u gim dn.
Bng 2. 9: S gi nng v lng bc hi, m

2008 2009
THNG S e Utb S Utb Umin e
1 219 110,1 78 241 78,2 60 160
2 223 132,2 72 224 81,3 64 115
3 271 133,4 79 302 77,1 62 167
4 252 135,5 79 234 80,4 68 167
5 194 98,8 83 200 85 72 96
6 215 91,1 83 231 87 76 139
7 203 100,4 89 199 86 74 131
8 191 88,7 88 248 87 73 138
9 131 86,2 87 166 85 73 138
10 194 91,3 89 226 88 78 104
11 171 99,6 84 215 83 71 142
12 165 116,4 81 282 79 66 152
Nm 2429 1283,7 83 2768,0 83,2 60 1649,0
Lng ma
Lng ma rt nh v phn b khng u, tng lng ma thng trong nm t
2.028,7mm/nm nhng n nm 2009 gim r rt. Thng 3/2008 khng ma v cao
nht l 535,2mm/thng (thng 7/2008). Ma ma t thng thng 5 n thng 11 chim
85% - 90% lng ma hng nm. Sang nm 2009 c c im t ma hn, thng 1 v
thng 12 khng ma.
Bng 2. 10: c im ma khu vc giai on 2008-2009

2008 2009
THNG R N R Rx Dr
1 0.8 2 0,0 0,0 0
2 1.0 1 0,6 0,6 11
3 - 1,6 1,6 7
4 0.7 3 193,8 127,1 29
5 240.4 22 145,2 25,5 29
6 257.9 17 197,2 28,3 11
7 535.2 24 279,3 43,0 21
8 323.0 20 344,1 113,4 25
9 354.1 24 187,1 55,9 1
10 263.1 13 210,8 34,0 25
11 49.2 15 5,7 4,0 27
12 3.3 2 0,0 0,0 0
Nm 2028.7 143 1565,4 127,1 29/4
Tc gi
Khu vc chu nh hng ca ch gi ma, tc gi v hng gi thay i
theo ma. Thi k gi ma ng khng ch t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau, vn tc
gi ln nht t 12m/s trong nm 2009.
52
Bng 2.11. c im gi giai on 2008-2009

2008
2009
THNG
Tc gi
max (m/s
Hng gi
max
Tc gi
TB(m/s)
Tc
gi max
(m/s
Hng gi
max
1 12 2,3 7 BB
2 9 1,8 5 nhiu hng
3 10 2,0 5 nhiu hng
4 11 2,1 7 N
5 T 8 1,6 6
6 T 7 2,0 7 B,TTN
7 BTB 9 2,3 6
8 TN 8 1,7 5 T,TN
9 TN 8 1,9 5 T,TN
10 TN 8 1,4 4 nhiu hng
11 B 11 1,7 5 N,
12 N 8 2,0 6 B
Nm 12 1,9 7,0 N
Ghi ch : B: Bc; : ng, N: Nam; T: Ty
Cc k hiu trong Bng2.9; Bng 2.10, Bng 2.11:
- R: Tng lng ma thng (mm)
- Utb: m khng kh trung bnh thng
(%)
- Rx: Lng ma ngy cao nht trong thng
(mm) - e: Tng lng bc hi thng (mm)
- N: S ngy c ma trong thng (ngy) - S: Tng s gi nng thng (gi)

Dr: ngy xut hin ma ln nht
Theo i Kh tng Thy vn khu vc Nam B
2.1.2.2. iu kin thy vn
a. c im nc mt
Khu vc thuc h du sng Cha, ranh m gn nht cch sng Cha khong
30m. on ny sng Cha chy theo phng Ty Bc - ng Nam. Trong khu vc
thm d c vi khe nh chy theo hng ng Ty ra sng Cha, ch c nc vo
ma ma v nhanh chng kh cn do a hnh khu m thp dn v pha sng Cha.
Trong thi cng thm d v l trnh a cht, a cht thy vn a cht cng
trnh, trn ton b din tch thm d c mt khe cn nhng khng c v quan st trong
mt s im nhn dn o ao su n 5m nhng cng cha thy xut hin nc nh
vy trn din tch thm d khng c nc mt tn ti. Cch din tch m khong 30 -
40m l Sng Cha c nc quanh nm nhng ma kh nc sng cn hn. Nc sng
c, khng mu, khng mi, v nht. Theo kt qu phn tch mu ha nc mt c
cng thc thnh phn ha hc nh sau:
CO
2
0.011
M
0.116

(HCO
3
)
52
(Cl)
37

PH
7.00

(Na+K)
50
(Mg)
31
(Ca)
18

Theo cng thc Kurlov tn nc l: bicarbonat - clorua - canxi - mangi
b. c im nc di t
Tng cha nc Kreta
53
Kt qu ca cng tc nghin cu a cht Thy vn thy trong tt c cc l
khoan u xut hin nc di t. Nc di t ti khu m tn ti di dng sau:
- Nc l hng trong v phong ha: Trong qu trnh thi cng ti2 l khoan
(LKIII.1, LKIV.1), mc nc tnh bng cao ming l khoan, cn c vo a hnh,
a mo cho thy y l mc nc ngm. Cc l khoan cn li mc nc thp hn cao
y lp v phong ha.V vy, c th kt lun nc trong v phong ha ch xut
hin vo ma ma. Do lp ny mng (0,0-4,0m) nn nh hng khng ng k i vi
cng tc khai thc m.
- Nc khe nt trong h tng Nha Trang(Knt): Loi nc ny c din phn b
rng khp din tch thm d. Do b nt n va, i ch nt n mnh nhng cc nt
n ny mang tnh cht cc b theo tng v tr nn mc cha nc ca tng ny
ngho. Tng ny l tng c p nh v cc b, t lu lng khng ln (t 0,012 n
0,184l/ms). Qua ti liu bm nc th nghim ti 3 l khoan ti m Tn Thng cho
thy, nc ngm nh hng khng ln n cng tc khai thc n su cote -40m.
Bng 2. 12: Bng tng hp kt qu th nghim tng cha nc Creta.
STT Thng s LKII.1 LKIII.1 LKIII.3 Ghi ch
1 ng knh (mm) 91 91 91
2 Chiu su LK (m) 50,5 49,1 45,3
3 Chiu su mc nc tnh (m) 4,20 0,0 2,10
4 Thi gian bm (pht) 1.440 1.440 1.440
5 Lu lng bm (m
3
/ng) 38,4 4,32 43,2
6 Tr s h thp mc nc (m) 6,75 4,17 4,82
7 Chiu dy tng cha (m) 46,3 49,1 43,2 TB: 26,87
8 H s dn nc Km (m
2
/ng) 7,03 0,40 7,91
Max 7,91
Min 0,40
TB 5,11
9 H s thm K (m/ng) 0,325 0,017 0,392
Max 0,392
Min 0,017
TB 0,267
Trong qu trnh bm nc th nghim ly 03 mu nc v tin hnh phn
tch ha hc v vi sinh cho kt qu sau:
Kt qu phn tch mu ho nc cho thy nc nht tng khong ho thp
M(0,807 - 0,849)g/l vi cc anion ch yu: HCO
3
-
(277,61 - 285,74)mg/l, Cl
-
(244,67 -
255,31)mg/l, SO
4
2-
(7,14 - 32,74)mg/l. Cc cation (Na
+
+K
+
) (179,98 - 205,46)mg/l,
Mg
+
(10,8 - 12,0)mg/l, Ca
+
(66,0 - 68,0)mg/.
Cc mu c cng thc thnh phn ha hc nh sau :
+ Mu LKII.1: CO
2
0.047
M
0.838

(Cl)
56
(HCO
3
)
38

PH
7.63

(Na+K)
65
(Ca)
26

+ Mu LKIII.1: CO
2
0.011
M
0.807

(Cl)
59
(HCO
3
)
40

PH
7.32

(Na+K)
63
(Ca)
29

+ Mu LKIII.3: CO
2
0.009
M
0.847

(Cl)
58
(HCO
3
)
40

PH
7.58

(Na+K)
63
(Ca)
27

54
Theo cng thc Kurlov, 3 mu phn tch trn c tn nc l: Colrua -
Bicarbonat - Natri Canxi.
Kt qu phn tch vi sinh cho thy nc t tiu chun vi sinh theo QCVN
02/2009/BYT.
Bng 2. 13. Bng tng hp kt qu th nghim vi sinh nc ngm.
STT Ch tiu n v LKII.1 LKIII.1 LKIV.1
1 E.coli MPN/100ml 10 0 0
2 Coliform MPN/100ml 80 0 74
Vi c im CTV ca m Tn Thng cho thy thn khang l tng cha
nc khe nt. Nh vy, lng nc chy vo m c ly theo s liu ca cng tc
bm ht nc th nghim ca tng cha nc (k) tnh tan. p dng tnh ton theo
phng php gii tch. Bn cht ca phng php gii tch nh gi lng nc chy
vo m l p dng nhng cng thc ng lc hc nc di t d bo cc ngun
nc chy vo cng trng khai thc. tnh lng nc chy vo m c th xem
cng trng khai thc nh mt ging ln. Lu lng nc chy vo m c tnh
theo cng thc: [17]
Q=
2,77KmS
(m
3
/ng.)
Log(R + ro) log ro
Trong :
- Q: Lng nc chy vo moong khai thc;
- K: H s thm ca t (m/ng.), c ly theo ti liu ht nc th nghim.
Theo chng ti nn chn thng s CTV (h s thm) theo phng php Duypuy. K =
0,267(m/ng.);
- m: B dy tng cha nc l 45,57(m);
- S: Chiu cao ct nc tho kh (m), thay i theo y moong khai thc d
kin;
- ro: Bn knh ging ln quy i tnh theo cng thc: ro =
F
H
(m);
- F: Din tch lu vc hng nc, chnh bng din tch m;
- R: Bn knh nh hng c tnh theo cng thc: K S R 10 = (m)
Bng 2. 14. Bng tng hp kt qu tnh lng nc ngm chy vo m theo cao
y moong khai thc.
Cote
Din tch
(m
2
)
R (m) ro (m) S (m) lg(R+ro) lgro
Q
(m
3
/ng)
0
111.100
31,2 188 6,04 2,34 2,27
3.082
-5
111.100
57,0 188 11,04 2,39 2,27
3.265
-10
111.100
82,9 188 16,04 2,43 2,27
3.442
-15
111.100
108,7 188 21,04 2,47 2,27
3.613
-20
111.100
134,6 188 26,04 2,51 2,27
3.780
-25
111.100
160,4 188 31,04 2,54 2,27
3.943
-30
111.100
186,2 188 36,04 2,57 2,27
4.103
-35
111.100
212,1 188 41,04 2,60 2,27
4.259
-40
111.100
237,9 188 46,04 2,63 2,27
4.412
55
Vi kt qu nghin cu a cht thy vn khu vc thm d rt ra mt s kt
lun i vi s nh hng ca iu kin a cht thy vn nh sau:
- S nh hng ca nc di t trong lp phong ha l kh xy ra.
- Nc ngm c nh hng nhng khng ln n cng tc khai thc m sau
ny.
- Ngun nc nh hng ln n cng tc khai thc m l nc ma. Do m
khai thc m nn phi tho kh m bng bin php bm nc thot ra sng Cha.
2.1.3. Hin trng cc thnh phn mi trng t nhin khu vc d n
2.1.3.1. Hin trng mi trng nc mt
Cc v tr ly mu v thu thp kt qu phn tch CLN nh sau:
Bng 2. 15: V tr cc im ly mu cht lng nc mt
STT
S hiu
mu
V tr ly mu
Ngy
ly mu
Ta X-Y
(VN 2000)
1 NM1
Nc sng Cha, thu thp t Bo co
TM d n du lch c Tm
24/07/2008
2
TH-
NM1
Nc sng Cha, on chy qua d n 16/7/2010
X=398.912,45;
Y=1.172.034,25
3
TH-
NM2
Nc sui chy trong d n v chy vo
sng Cha
16/7/2010
X=398.763,20;
Y=1.171.997,29
V tr ly mu xem tiBn v s 03-TM:Bn v tr khu vc khai thc v cc
v tr ly mu hin trng ti Ph lc 5. Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ti thi im
kho st v kt qu thu thp t d n khc c trnh by nh bng sau:
Bng 2. 16: Kt qu thu thp mu nc sng Cha
TT Thng s n v
NM1 TH-
NM1
TH-NM2 QCVN
08:2008/BTNMT
Ct B1
1 pH - 6,42 6,18 6,27 5,5-9
2 Tng cht rn l lng
(TSS)
mg/l 62,7 41,2 36,4 50
3 COD mg/l 34 31 27 30
4 BOD
5
(20
o
C) mg/l 14 18 16 15
5 Amoni (NH
4
+
) (tnh
theo N)
mg/l 0,28 0,10 0,06
0,5
6 Nitrit (NO
2
-
) (tnh
theo N)
mg/l 0,04 < 0,01 0,02
0,04
7 Nitrat (NO
3
-
) (tnh
theo N)
mg/l 0,54 3,1 2,4
10
8 Clorua (Cl
-
) mg/l 13,6 10,8 600
9 Florua (F
-
) mg/l 0,02 0,05 1,5
10 Asen (As) mg/l KPH 0,008 0,012 0,05
11 St (Fe) mg/l 1,2 0,12 0,07 1,5
12 Ch mg/l KPH 0,05
13 Tng Du m mg/l 0,1 < 0,02 < 0,02 0,1
14 E. Coli MPN/100ml 0 0 100
15 Coliforms MPN/100ml 250 1.800 2.500 7.500
QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc mt.
56
Ct B1 quy nh CLN cho mc ch ti tiu thy li hoc cc mc ch s dng khc
c yu cu cht lng nc tng t hoc cc mc ch s dng nh loi B2.
Nhn xt: T cc kt qu thu thp v phn tch cho thy hu ht cc ch tiu
phn tch u t tiu chun QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. Ti cng thi im trong nm
ly mu phn tch nhng c nhiu ch tiu bin theo chiu hng xu (cao dn)
nh: BOD
5
, nitrat, asen v coliform. Cc ch tiu nh BOD
5
, Nitrit, coliform tng c
th l nguyn nhn pht trin nng nghip v chn th gia sc trong khu vc ngy
cng pht trin hn so vi trc. Nc ma chy trn cun theo cc vt cht c ngun
gc hu c vo ngun nc sng Cha.
2.1.3.2. Hin trng mi trng nc ngm
nh gi hin trng cht lng nc ngm, nhm kho st tin hnh ly
mu nc ngm ti cc ging nh dn quanh khu vc D n. V tr ly mu c m t
trong Bng 2.18.Xem chi tit v tr ly mu ti Bn v s 03-TM.
Bng 2. 17: V tr cc im ly mu cht lng nc di t
STT
S hiu
mu
V tr ly mu, m t ging
Ngy ly
mu
1
TH-
NN1
Nc ging o su 8m ca h Dng Vn ng, cch m
khong 500m v pha Ty Bc
16/7/2010
2
TH-
NN2
Nc ging o ca h Nguyn Th Hong, t 9, thn H
Lng, x Thng Hi, ging o nm 2006, su 6m
16/7/2010
Kt qu phn tch c tng hp ti Bng 2.19.
Bng 2. 18: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc di t trong khu vc D n
STT Ch tiu n v NN1 NN2
QCVN
09:2008/BTNMT
1 pH - 5,86 6,15
5,5-8,5
2 cng (tnh theo
CaCO
3
)
mg/l 38 31
500
3 Cht rn tng s mg/l 192 187 1.500
4 Clorua (Cl
-
) mg/l 31,8 28,6
250
5 Sunfat (SO
4
2-
) mg/l 23,2 16,4
400
6 Asen (As) mg/l 0,001 0,002
0,05
7 St (Fe) mg/l 0,05 0,04
5
8 Thy ngn (Hg) mg/l < 0,001 < 0,001
0,001
9 E - Coli MPN/100ml 0 0
KPH
10 Coliforms MPN/100ml < 3 < 3
3
Ghi ch: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng
nc ngm.
Nhn xt: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc di t ti 2 ging o ca nh
dn gn m cho thy hu ht cc ch tiu phn tch u nm trong gi tr gii hn quy
chun cho php v cht lng nc ngm. Nc c cng thp, thnh phn Cl- thp,
cc nguyn t kim loi nng nh asen, thy ngn u thp hoc di ngng pht
hin. Vy, nc ngm ti khu vc hon ton tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot.
2.1.3.3. Hin trng mi trng khng kh
Trong qu trnh lp bo co, thng 7/2010, nhm kho st tin hnh o c,
57
quan trc cc yu t vi kh hu (nhit , m, ting n, tc gi) v cc cht
nhim (bi, CO
2
, SO
2
, NO
2
, CO) ti khu vc trong v ngoi ranh d n.
- V tr ly mu c trnh by trong Bng 2.20v Bn v s 03-TM: Bn
khu vc khai thc v cc v tr ly mu.
- Kt qu o c phn tch c tng hp trong Bng 2.21
Bng 2.19: V tr cc im o c/ly mu khng kh
TT S hiu mu V tr ly mu Ta VN 2000
1 TH-KK1 Trung tm khu t d n
X=398.791
Y=1.171.941
2 TH-KK2 Pha Ty Bc d n, gn ng tri .
X=398.504
Y=1.172.057
3 TH-KK3 Pha Ty Nam d n, gn ng tri .
X=398.841
Y=1.171.627
4 TH-KK4
Ng ba ng Quc l vo khu t d n, gn
cu Sng Cha.
X=398.940
Y=1.171.015
Bng 2.20: Kt qu o c cht lng khng kh v cc iu kin vi kh hu
TT
S hiu
mu
iu kin vi kh hu
n
dBA
Nng cht nhim (mg/m
3
)
Nhit

o
C
m
%
Tc
gi
m/s
Bi CO SO
2
NO
2

1 TH-KK1 33,5 57-58 0,6-2,8 54-56 0,26 0,8 0,05 0,006
2 TH-KK2 34,0 52-53 0,4-1,3 49-50 0,24 0,8 0,04 0,004
3 TH-KK3 33,2 61-63 0,2-1,2 56-57 0,26 1,1 0,08 0,008
4 TH-KK4 33,8 54-56 0,5-2,1 52-55 0,26 1,2 0,08 0,010
Max 34 63 2,8 57 0,26 1,2 0,08 0,01
Trung bnh 33,6 0,26 0,975 0,0625 0,007
QCVN
05:2009/BTNMT
- - - - 0,3 30 0,35 0,2
QCVN
26:2010/BTNMT
- - - 70 - - - -
Ghi ch:
QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng khng kh
xung quanh
QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n. p dng
cho khu vc thng thng t 6h n 21h.
Nhn xt mi trng khng kh dc trn ng vn chuyn, khu vc vn
phng m:
- Nhit ngoi tri dao ng t 33,2-34
0
C, nhn khu vc d n cng nh vng
Bnh Thun c ch bc x kh ln.
- n thay i kh ln, dao ng 49-57dBA, khu vc phia Bc m ti thi
im o c c n thp hn c. Ba v tr cn li c n ln hn v tng ng
nhau. C 4 v tr o c u nm trong gii hn cho php ca tiu chun.
- Dc ng vn chuyn nn bi thng cao nhng vn thp hn v t gii
hn ca quy chun. Cc cht kh nhim khc gm SO
2
, NO
x
v CO u t gii hn
58
cho php.
nh gi chung: cht lng mi trng khng kh vng lm vic kh tt, gi
tr o c cc ch tiu thp hn gii hn cho php kh nhiu ti nhiu im o.
2.1.3.5. Cht lng t
- Theo phn loi ca FAO-UNESCO, khu vc t ven bin bao gm 3 nhm
t chnh: nhm cn ct v t ct ven bin (1), nhm t mn (2) v nhm t phn
(3). Khu vc d n thuc nhm 1.
- i su vo t lin so vi cc cn ct, hnh thnh bi rng pha Bc khu d n
l khu rung nc kh bng phng. t thng c ht th, phn lp r rt, b mt c
mu trng hoc xm trng, c phn ng t chua (pHKCl 4,74-5,0). Hm lng mn v
m tng s tng mt ngho. Hm lng ln tng s thp <0,04%, Kali tng s ngho
(0,08%); ln v kali d tiu u rt ngho <5 mg/100g t. Tng s lng cation kim
trao i thp <3meq/100g, hm lng st nhm di ng u mc trung bnh thp [6].
- Qu trnh kho st, chng ti ly mu t trong khu vc D n (Mu TH-
TN1, TH-TN2) v gi n Trung tm phn tch Th nghim - Lin on Quy hoch v
iu tra Ti nguyn nc Min Nam phn tch cc ch tiu th nhng, ng thi
phn mu v gi Vin nghin cu Cng ngh Mi trng v Bo h Lao ng phn
tch thnh phn kim loi nng.V tr ly mu xem chi tit trn Bn v s 3-TM: Bn
khu vc khai thc v cc v tr ly mu ti Ph lc 5.
- Kt qu phn tch c tng hp trong Bng 2.22, Bng 2.23
Bng 2.21. Kt qu phn tch th nhng khu vc thc hin d n
K hiu
pH
Ec (mS/cm)
K
+
trao i
(mep/100g)
Hu c
(%)
N tng s
(%)
P tng
(%) H
2
O KCl
TH-TN1 4,98 4,17
0,05
0,11 1,01 0,07 0,000
TH-TN2 6,67 6,45 0,14 0,24 1,57 0,02 0,000
TCVN
5,00-8,97
6,87
4,10-7,84
5,82

vt 0,120
0,068
0,03-0,05
0,04
7377-2004 7373-2004 7374-2004
Ghi ch:
-Mu TH-TN1: K hiu mu t ly ti khu pha Bc d n.
- Mu TH-TN2: K hiu mu t ly ti khu pha Nam d n.
TCVN 7373:2004: Cht lng t - Gi tr ch th v hm lng nit tng s
trong t Vit Nam. p dng nh gi nhm t ct ven bin.
TCVN 7374:2004: Cht lng t - Gi tr ch th v hm lng pht pho tng
s trong t Vit Nam. p dng nh gi nhm t ct ven bin.
TCVN 7377:2004: Cht lng t - Gi tr ch th pH trong t Vit Nam. p
dng nh gi nhm t ct ven bin.
Bng 2.22. Kt qu phn tch thnh phn kim loi nng
TT Thng s n v TH-TN1 TH-TN2 QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT
1 Asen (As) mg/Kg 1,26 1,32 12
2 Cadimi (Cd) mg/Kg 0,85 1,07 2
3 ng (Cu) mg/Kg 27,82 31,40 50
4 Ch (Pb) mg/Kg 1,16 1,4 70
5 Km (Zn) mg/Kg 42,70 39,83 200
59
Ghi ch:
-Mu TH-TN1: K hiu mu t ly ti khu pha Bc d n.
- Mu TH-TN2: K hiu mu t ly ti khu pha Nam d n.
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v gii hn cho php
ca kim loi nng trong t t nng nghip
Nhn xt
Theo kt qu phn tch ti Bng 2.22, thnh phn th nhng ca 2 mu t
trong khu vc d n c s khc bit. Mu pha Bc c pH/H
2
0 nm ngoi khong gi
tr nh gi nhm t ct ven bin, t chua, ngho ln v Nit. V pha Nam khu t,
ni ly mu TH-TN2 li cho cht lng t kh hn: t khng chua, nhng li ngho
dinh dng v m, ln.
C 2 mu u cho cc thnh phn kim loi nng ph hp vi QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT p dng cho t nng nghip.
2.1.3.6. Ti nguyn sinh vt
a. H thc vt
Ch yu l trng cy, bi c. Cy thuc h xng rng xut hin nhiu v c
tnh chu kh hn. i su ln pha Bc, ni din tch kh bng phng c che chn
bi cc cn ct th cc cy thn g, cy chu bng xut hin nhiu hn. Vn nh dn
c thm mt s cy n tri nh da, xoi. Cy iu c xut hin nhng khng nhiu v
cha hnh thnh phng php trng chuyn nghip.
Cnh ng la mt v xut hin ven QL55, ma kh thiu nc nn khng
canh tc. Danh mc cc loi thc vt hin din trong khu vc d n c tng hp
trong Bng 2.24.
Bng 2.23:Danh mc cc loi thc vt hin din ti khu vc d n
STT Tn thng Tn khoa hc Mc phn b
1 Bi Citrus grandis t
2 Cy Bp (Ng) Zea mays Trung bnh
3 Chui Musa paradisiaca t
4 C May Chrysopogon aciculatus t
5 Da Cocos nucifera t
6 Dn Cm Amaranthus viridis t
7 u Bp Abelmoschus esculentus t
8 u a Vigna sinensis t
9 u C Ve Phaseolus vulgaris t
10 u Carica papaya t
11 K Xanthium Nhiu
12 Mn Eugenia aquea t
13 Mt Artocarpus t
14 Mp Luffa t
15 M (Sn) Manihot esculenta Trung bnh
16 Nhn Ipomoea quamoclit t
17 Ng Sc Lantana canmara t
18 Cy i Psidium guajava L.
19 Trm Bng vng Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn Nhiu
60
STT Tn thng Tn khoa hc Mc phn b
20 Trinh N (cy xu h) Mimosapudica Trung bnh
21 Xoi Imperata cylindrica t
[Ngun: Trung Tm Chuyn giao Cng ngh v Dch v a cht, thng 9/2010]
b. H ng vt
H ng vt khng phong ph do c im kh hu, v tr a l v thm thc
vt. ng ch l h thy sinh vt di bin. Trn ct cn ct c cu gai, cng, b
st...nhng khng nhiu. ng vt nui phn b trong cc vn nh su vo bn trong
t lin nh ch, b, g.
Bng 2.24: Danh mc cc loi ng vt trn cn thng gp trong khu vc d n
STT Tn thng Tn khoa hc
1 B nh Bos frontalis
2 G Gallus gallus domesticus
3 Vt Anas domesticus
4 Ngng Anas crecca crecca linnaeus
5 Ch Canis domesticus

2.2. IU KIN KINH T - X HI
2.2.1. iu kin Kinh t
Trn a bn x Tn Thng hu nh hot ng cng nghip cha pht trin, hn
70% sng nh vo sn xut nng nghip. Thu nhp bnh qun theo u ngi trn a
bn x kh thp. Dn c ch yu l dn tc Kinh, mt s t ngi Chm, KHo, Rc
Lay. Mt dn c tha tht, h sng tp trung dc cc trc giao thng.
H thng cp nc sch trn a bn x cha c, a s ngi dn s dng nc
ging o v ging khoan khai thc nc ngm. H thng in, thng tin lin lc
pht trin. H thng giao thng nng thn yu km.
Ngy 07/5/2009, mt d n mi khc, D n No vt Sng Cha ti Bnh
Thun v B Ra Vng Tu, do Ban Qun l u t v Xy dng Thy li 9 lm ch
u t, bt tay vo Kho st, lp d n u t xy dng cng trnh. n v thc
hin vic lp d n u t l Vin Khoa hc Thy li Min Nam vi thi gian hon
thnh d kin l 140 ngy.
Cng nghip:
Ngy 14 thng 8 nm 2009 UBND tnh ph duyt quy hoch chi tit Cm cng
nghip - Tiu th cng nghip Thng Hi (giai on 1), ti thn Bu Din, x Thng
Hi, huyn Hm Tn, vi quy m din tch 49,5195 ha.
Cm Cng nghip - Tiu th cng nghip Thng Hi (giai on 1) nm gn k
vi trc ng giao thng chnh hin c (trc ng t i ra Quc l 55) nn vic
b tr mt bng phn khu chc nng Cm cng nghip -Tiu th cng nghip rt thun
li v giao thng i ngoi v i ni.
Cm Cng nghip - Tiu th cng nghip Thng Hi (giai on 1) c chc nng
thu ht cc n v sn xut u t cc lnh vc: Sn xut si thy tinh; sn xut gch
Tuynel; ch bin ct thy tinh; sn xut sn, ph gia chng thm, ph gia xy dng;
sn xut knh xy dng, knh quang hc; cng nghip sn xut vt liu xy dng; ch
bin gia cng m ngh (g tre), gia cng c kh (ca st, x g st, ca nhm,
61
nhm), sn xut giy, ch bin hng nng sn, ch bin thc n gia sc, gia cng may
mc, giy da.
Giao thng:
Quc l 55 l tuyn giao thng ng b ln nht trong vng. T cu sng
Cha i v pha Ty hn 5km l gp p Bnh Chu. QL 55 on ngang qua huyn
Xuyn Mc (B Ra - Vng Tu) c nng cp rng ri, m bo an tan giao thng,
th n a phn gip ranh x Thng Hi (huyn Hm Tn) bt u xung cp.
T ng ba Khu du lch nc nng Bnh Chu tr vo Thng Hi, ng nh
hp (cha c nng cp m rng), xut hin khng t g, voi, mt vi on
ngang qua thn H Lng ct trn ra l ng, st l. Nng n nht l hai u cu Sng
Cha, mt ng nha b bong trc, to thnh nhiu vng voi lin tip. Tip ,
nhng on ng hai u cu khc ngang qua hai x Thng Hi v Tn Thng cng
ang ku cu, nh cu: Sng Tram, Du , C Kiu... khng m bo an ton giao
thng. Trong khi , nhiu loi xe khch trong v ngoi tnh, xe ch vt liu xy
dng..., thng xuyn qua li trn tuyn ny, lm cho on ng cng thm nham
nh...
c bit, do on ng Tn Thng - Thng Hi xung cp nng, kinh ph
sa cha dnh cho on ny hn 5 t ng (trong tng kinh ph trn 12 t ng sa
cha ton tuyn QL 55 on qua huyn Hm Tn- th x La Gi trong nm 2010). n
nay nhiu on h hng trn tuyn QL55 qua cc x, th trn: Tn Phc, Tn Xun,
Tn H, Tn Ngha..., c on Qun l cng trnh giao thng Bnh Thun sa
cha, nng cp; nhng on Tn Thng- Thng Hi th cha thy n v ch qun
trin khai khc phc, em li an ton giao thng cho ngi dn a phng v cc
phng tin giao thng qua li trn tuyn quc l ny.
Du lch
Khu du lch sinh thi bin cao cp Lc Vit t ti Khu vc x Thng Hi,
huyn Hm Tn. y l a im t khu ngh dng cao cp bin kh l tng gn
thnh ph. Khu ngh dng sinh thi cao cp bin Lc Vit s l ni dng chn ngon
mc, to n tng kh qun i vi du khch, sau mi ln t chn n y. Vic phi
hp gia cnh sng nc v bin s to cho v tr ny nhng u vit trong thit k xy
dng.
+ ng gip sng Cha
+ Ty gip khu ngh dng ca cng ty CP C Kim M Ngh
+ Nam gip bi ct ven bin
+ Bc gip t ca dn
Quy m d n: T chc khng gian kin trc cnh quan, xy dng t hp khu
du lch - dch v - vui chi - gii tr cao cp bao gm khu sinh thi, nh hng, khu vui
chi gii tr, khu thm him v cc cng trnh dch v cng cng khc. ng thi hon
thin ng b h thng cng trnh HTKT vi qui m s dng t: 74 ha.
Tng din tch t: 730.000m
2
.
+ Din tch t c giao 50 nm: 650.000m
2
.
+ Din tch bi ct thu cho 50 nm: 80.000m
2
(Din tch t cho xy dng:
150.000m
2
).
Khu du lch Sui nc nng Bnh Chu nm v pha Ty Bc so vi d n. D
n c Cng ty C phn Du lch Si Gn Bnh Chu quyt nh kin to khu du
62
lch sinh thi v ngh dng trn 33 ha t tiu chun quc t phc v du khch gn
xa. Thng 8/2003 sui nc nng Bnh Chu c T Chc Du Lch Th Gii (WTO)
cng nhn l mt trong 65 khu du lch sinh thi bn vng ca 47 quc gia trn ton
cu. Khu du lch Bnh Chu gm nhiu h thng khch sn v bit th nh: Hoa Mua,
Hoa Sa, Hoa Sim, Hoa Anh o, Bnh Minh, Bnh An, Bnh Tm, Vn Cau
2.2.2. iu kin X hi
Theo ngh Quyt s 04/2007/NQ-HND ngy 27/4/2007 V vic thng qua
n iu chnh ng ranh gii cc thn thnh lp 02 thn mi v phn vch a gii
hnh chnh x Tn Thng chia tch, thnh lp x Tn Thng (mi) v x Thng Hi,
huyn Hm Tn th x Thng Hi sau khi chia tch gm c 05 thn: Bu Ging, Thng
Hi, H Lng, Sui Bang, Sui T.
V tr a l, din tch, dn s, lao ng ca x Thng Hi:
- V tr a l:
+ Pha ng : gip x Tn Thng;
+ Pha Ty : gip tnh B Ra - Vng Tu;
+ Pha Nam : gip Bin ng;
+ Pha Bc : gip tnh ng Nai.
- Din tch:Din tch t nhin 9.898 ha.Trong :
+ t nng nghip : 3.059,54 ha
+ t phi nng nghip : 6.707,26 ha
+ t cha s dng : 131,2 ha.
- Dn s v lao ng:
+Tng dn s l : 6.062 khu
+ Tng s h l : 1.281 h
+ Lao ng c : 2.765 lao ng.
Thn Sui T c thnh lp trn c s tch mt s h ca thn Bu Ging v
mt s h ca thn Thng Hi; c v tr l khu d n 300,400 ha.Pha ng gip x
Tn Thng, pha Ty gip thn H Lng v thn Sui Bang, pha Nam gip thn
Thng Hi v thn Bu Ging, pha Bc gip t Lm trng Hm Tn.
V dn s:S h c tr pha Bc ca thn Thng Hi s nhp v thn Sui T,
c 85 h/323 nhn khu.S h c tr pha Bc ca thn Bu Ging s nhp v thn
Sui T, c 16 h/80 nhn khu.Nh vy thn Sui T ngay sau khi thnh lp s c
101 h, 403 nhn khu.
Dn c trong x Thng Hi tp trung ch yu ven QL 55 ti trung tm x. V
dy l x vng bin gii ca huyn Hm Tn nn nhn chung dn s thp, tha tht,
cc cng trnh vn ha gio dc y t v th m cng xung cp, t c u t tu
sa. Dn c ti y hu nh khng c sng st bin m ch t chc nui trng thy
sn.
63
CHNG 3
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
Theo cc s liu kho st, thu thp c trnh by Chng 2 cho thy hin
trng mi trng khu vc vn cn tt. Trong Chng ny tp trung phn tch chi tit
cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan hoc khng c lin quan n cht thi, cc i
tng v quy m b tc ng t c nhng nh gi tc ng n mi trng ca d
n. Qu trnh nh gi s tp trung vo giai on khai thc - ch bin ti m.
3.1. NH GI TC NG
3.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng giai onXDCB (nm th 1)
3.1.1.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi trong nm 1
a. Bi, kh nhim trong qu trnh bc ph, khai thc
-Bi trong qu trnh bc ph: Trong nm 1 bc ph c 193.750 m
3
t,
bn phong ha ti phn din tch bc ph (xem Bn v s 05-TM)
Bng 3. 1: Ti lng bi khi bc ph trong nm 1
STT Thnh phn n v Gi tr
1 Khi lng bc ph trong nm m
3
/ nm
193.750
2 Khi lng bc ph trong ngy m
3
/ngy
745
3 H s pht thi [2] kg/tn
0,075
4 T trng t ph tn/m
3

1,42
5 Ti lng bi kg/ngy
79,36
6 Ti lng bi kg/s
2,76
- Bi trong qu trnh o p: cng tc p 255 m thc hin trong khong
1 thng u ma kh. t c vn chuyn t khu bc ph bng t ti t , kt hp
o mng to rnh thot nc (825m). Tng khi lng o p trong thi gian ny
l 14.862m
3
. Theo phng php nh gi nhanh ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO), bi
pht sinh chim 0,01% khi lng t . T trng t ph, bn phong ha trung
bnh 1,42 tn/m
3
. Nh vy, lng bi thi ra l:
Bng 3. 2: Thi lng bi trong qu trnh o p ca nm 1
STT Thnh phn n v Gi tr
1 Khi lng o p trong nm m
3
/ nm
14.862
2 Thi gian thc hin ngy
30
3 Khi lng o p trong ngy m
3
/ngy
495
4 H s pht thi [2] %
0,01
5 T trng t ph tn/m
3

1,42
6 Ti lng bi kg/ngy
7,03
7 Ti lng bi g/s
0,24
- Bi trong qu trnh khoan l mn:pht sinh khi s dng my khoan BMK,
my khoan cm tay khoan to l mn. Sn lng nguyn khi khai thc c
100.000m
3
.
64
Bng 3. 3: Ti lng bi pht sinh do hot ng khoan trong nm 1
STT Thnh phn n v
Khoan
ln
Khoan
nh
Tng
1 ng knh l khoan mm
105 36-42

2 S mt khoan trong nm m/nm
9.540 3.357 12.897
3 S mt khoan trong ca/ngy m/ca
30 40 70
4 H s pht thi [2] kg/m
0,00360 0,00058 0,00418
5 Ti lng bi kg/ngy
0,108 0,023 0,131
6 Ti lng bi g/s
0,004 0,001 0,005
- Bi pht sinh do n mn: pht sinh sau mi t n, thi gian pht sinh ngn
nhng c ti lng kh ln. Ti lng bi sau mi t n ph thuc vo iu kin t
, quy m mi t n, iu kin kh hu.
Bng 3. 4: Ti lng bi pht sinh do n mn trong nm 1
STT Thng s tnh ton n v Gi tr
1 Khi lng nguyn khi m
3
/nm
100.000
2 S t n t/nm
20
3
Khi lng ph v/t
m
3
/t
5.546
4
H s pht thi [2]
kg bi/m
3
nguyn khai
0,17
5 Ti lng bi pht sinh kg/t
943
6 Ti lng bi pht sinh g/s
62.854
- Ti lng bi pht sinh do hot ng ca phng tin vn chuyn:pht
sinh trn tuyn ng ni v ngoi m do cc xe ti vn ti t ph, nguyn liu v
thnh phm. Ti lng bi pht sinh t l thun vi s lt xe i li hay qung
ng xe i c trong ngy.
+ H s pht thi ph thuc vo s bnh xe chy, vn tc, ti trng xe, kt cu
mt ng vn chuyn, iu kin thi tit. H s nhim bi t qu trnh vn chuyn
c tnh theo Cng thc 3-1, [8]:
E =
(
365
365
4 7 , 2 48 12
61 , 0
5 , 0 7 , 0
p
x
n
x
W
x
V
x
S
x
w h
(kg/km) (Cng thc 3-1)
Trong :
E - h s nhim (kg/km.xe.h)
s lng bi ph b mt mt ng (%), ng t c m nn l 11%, ng
ri c lu ln 5%, ng nhal 0,75%.
V
h
(km/h)- vn tc trung bnh ca phng tin vn chuyn chy trong v ngoi
m.
W (tn)- trng lng trung bnh ca phng tin giao thng (tn), xe khng ti
l 10-12 tn, xe c ti l 22-25 tn.
n
w
- s bnh xe trung bnh ca cc xe ti, n
w
=10 bnh.
p - s ngy c lng ma >0,254mm trong nm, theo s liu thng k nm
2007, s ngy ma ca khu vc trung bnh l 143ngy/nm.
Theo cng thc 3-1, h s nhimtrn mi cung ng vn chuyn nh sau:
65
+ ng ni m: E=0,637-0,798kg/km
+ ng t m ra QL55: E=0,289-0,363 kg/km
+ ng QL55:E=0,065-0,073kg/km.
Ti lng bi pht sinh trn ng vn chuyn d kin nh sau:
Bng 3. 5: D tnh ti lng bi pht sinh trong giai on XDCB
Hot ng
Qung ng i c
(km/ngy)
H s
pht thi E
Ti lng
kg/ngy g/s
Vn ti ni m
C ti 55,90 0,798 44,612 1,549
Khng ti 55,90 0,637 35,585 1,236
T m ra QL55
C ti 30,17 0,363 10,945 0,380
Khng ti 30,17 0,289 8,730 0,303
Ghi ch: H s pht thi bi khi vn chuyn c tnh theo Cng thc 3-1.
- Bi trong qu trnh ch bin : trong nm 1 ch ch bin 140.000 m
3
/nm.
C 4 trm hot ng 8h/ca/ngy. Bi c thnh phn ht mn l ch yu. Ngun pht
thi c din kh rng tng ng vi din tch b tr trm nghin.
Bng 3. 6: Ti lng bi pht sinh khi ch bin trong nm 1
STT Thng s tnh ton n v Gi tr
1 Khi lng a vo ch bin m
3
/nm 140.000
2 S ca hot ng ca trm ca/nm 233
3
Khi lng ch bin/ca
m
3
/ca
600,00
4
H s pht thi [2]
kg bi/m
3
nguyn liu
0,14
5 Ti lng bi pht sinh kg/ca 84,00
6 Ti lng bi pht sinh g/s 2,92
Ghi ch: 1 ca lm 8h
- Kh thi: kh thi pht sinh do tiu th khong 750 lt /ca nhin liu (xng,
du) v n mn.
+ D tnh kh thi t cc phng tin thi cng s dng nhin liu nh bng sau:
Bng 3. 7: D tnh lng kh thi pht sinh trong nm 1
Loi thit b
Nhin liu
tiu th(lt/ca)
Thng s nhim (kg/tn)
Bi SO
2
CO THC NO
x
Andehyt
H s pht thi nhim (kg/tn) [1]
ng c t 2 1,55 20,81 34 20 1,4
Thit b khc 16 6 9 20 33 6,1
Ti lng nhim (kg/gi)
ng c t 599,8 0,120 0,093 1,248 2,039 1,200 0,084
Thit b khc 150,0 0,240 0,090 0,135 0,300 0,495 0,091
Tng cng 749,8 0,360 0,183 1,383 2,339 1,695 0,175
Ghi ch: Du ly t trng 0,8. H s pht thi nhim theo [1]
+ D tnh kh thi do n mn nh sau: kh thi khi n mn (kh n) c thnh
phn ch yu CO
2
, NO
x
Thi gian pht sinh ngn nhng lng thi ln. Khi kh n
pht sinh theo t v khng thng xuyn.
66
Bng 3. 8: Lng kh thi pht sinh do n mn trong nm 1
Thng s n v Khoan ln Khoan con Tng
A B C D E
Lng thuc s dng kg/nm 47.250 2.250 49.500
H s pht thi [13] lt kh/kg thuc 980 980 1.960
S t n trong nm t/nm 23 23

Lng kh n lt/nm 46.305.000 2.205.000 48.510.000
Lng kh n lt/t 2.028.600 96.600 2.125.200
Lng kh n lt/s 135.240 6.440 141.680
Ghi ch: Thi gian pht thi mi t n ko di 15s
(H s pht thi Theo Jonh A. Franklin, Maurice b.Dusseault - C hc cng trnh
Nxb Gio dc Nm 2000)
b. Cht thi rn
Cht thi rn thng thng t ph
- Ngun pht sinh: do hot ng bc ph phc v m moong khai thc .
Lng pht sinh l lng cn d sau khi s dng ti m. Trong nm 1 lng cn d
a ra bi thi tm d kin 185.054m
3
.
Lng t pht sinh: 189.402 m
3

Lng t s dng: 4.348 m
3

Lng a ra bi thi tm: 185.054 m
3

Cht thi rn sinh hot
Do lao ng phc v m ngay khi d n trin khai. Bao gm lao ng ca d
n phc v khai thc m v lao ng xy dng c bn. Tng s d kin khong 80
ngi phc v trong nm 1. H s pht thi p dng l 0,4 kg/ngi.ngy nn lng
pht sinh cht thi rn sinh hot ti m nh sau:
S lao ng: 80 Ngi
H s pht thi: 0,4 kg/ngi.ngy
Lng pht thi: 32,0 kg/ngy
Lng pht thi: 9.600 kg/nm
Cht thi nguy hi:
- Ngun pht sinh: Trong giai on ny, tin hnh lp t my mc, trm bin
p, trm nghin sng nn pht sinh nhiu rc thi, c bit cc loi rc nm trong danh
mc CTNH. Cc loi rc nh: dy in c, bng n, gi lau dnh du, du m thi,
cp bng st, ng nha PVC
- Khi lng pht sinh d tnh: khng nhiu. Ring du m thi ca my thi
cng ( my xc thy lc, my xc bnh lp, xe t ti, xe bn ti nc, my khoan,
my nn kh, trm nghin) ch pht sinh khi hng hc, sa cha t xut. Khi sa
cha, bo tr thit b c gii nng lng nht thi khi sa cha nhiu hn.
- Thi gian pht sinh: khng thng xuyn
c. Nc thi
- Nc thi sn xut: Cc hot ng XDCB, m va trong giai on ny khng
pht sinh nc thi ngoi tr nc thi pht sinh trong moong khai thc ca m do
hot ng bm tho kh phc v m va khai thc .
67
+ Lng nc bm tho kh c ngun gc t nc ma v nc ngm. Lng
nc ma (Q1, m
3
/thng) ri trn din tch moong c tnh theo cng thc:
Q1= Lng ma x Din tch m moong /1.000 (m
3
/ngy)
Vi : Lng ma ly theo Bng 2.13.
Din tch m moong: 51.700m
2
.
Lng nc ngm (Q2, m
3
/ngy) ch pht sinh khi m m moong su hn mc
nc ngm ti khu vc m. Trong giai on ny m m moong su nht t n cote-
0m, khi lng nc ngm chy vo m theo bo co thm d l 3.082m
3
/ngy m.
Lng nc cn bm tho kh d kin trong nm 1 nh sau:
Bng 3. 9: D tnh lng nc cn tho kh trong nm 1
Thng
Lng ma Nc ngm Nc ma Tng/trung bnh Ln nht
mm/thng mm/ngy m
3
/ngy m
3
/thng m
3
/thng m
3
/ngy m
3
/ngy
I 0 0 3.082 21 92.481 3.083 0
II 1 1 3.082 41 92.501 3.083 31
III 2 2 3.082 83 92.543 3.085 83
IV 97 127 3.082 5.028 97.488 3.250 6.571
V 193 26 3.082 9.968 102.428 3.414 1.318
VI 228 28 3.082 11.764 104.224 3.474 1.463
VII 407 43 3.082 21.055 113.515 3.784 2.223
VIII 334 113 3.082 17.245 109.705 3.657 5.863
IX 271 56 3.082 13.990 106.450 3.548 2.890
X 237 34 3.082 12.250 104.710 3.490 1.758
XI 27 4 3.082 1.419 93.879 3.129 207
XII 2 0 3.082 85 92.545 3.085 0
max 407 127 3.082 21.055 113.515 3.784 6.571
min 97 26 3.082 5.028 97.488 3.250 1.318
Tb 252 61 3.082 13.043 105.503 3.517 3.155
- Nc ma chy trn (Q3, m
3
/ngy): trong nm 1, din tch hng nc ma
bao gm cc khu: Sn cng nghip (SCN) v vn phng m, t trng l din tch m
cha khai thc vn cn nh hin trng ban u. Lng nc ny pht sinh ch khi c
ma, lu lng thay i ph thuc vo iu kin ma (lng ma, cng ma) v
tnh cht b mt.Cng thc tnh nh sau:
Q3= Din tch cng trnh x Lng ma /(30 x1.000) (m
3
/ngy)
Din tch cng trnh l din tch cc khu: sn cng nghip, t trng cha khai
thc n, vn phng m.
Bng 3. 10: D tnh lng nc chy trn pht sinh trong nm 1
Thng
Lng ma SCN t trng Tng, Q2
mm/thng m
3
/thng m
3
/thng m
3
/ngy
I 0,4 10 12 22
II 0,8 21 24 1
III 1,6 41 48 2
IV 97,3 2.519 2.888 96
V 192,8 4.994 5.726 191
68
Thng
Lng ma SCN t trng Tng, Q2
mm/thng m
3
/thng m
3
/thng m
3
/ngy
VI 227,6 5.894 6.758 225
VII 407,3 10.548 12.095 403
VIII 333,6 8.639 9.906 330
IX 270,6 7.009 8.037 268
X 237,0 6.137 7.037 235
XI 27,5 711 815 27
XII 1,7 43 49 2
max 407 10.548 12.095 403
min 97 2.519 2.888 96
Trung bnh 252 6.534 7.493 250
- Nc thi sinh hot: l nc thi sinh hot pht sinh do hot ng v sinh ca
nhn vin lm vic ti m. Tng s lao nggiai on ny ngoi lao ng chnh thc
phc v khai thc m cn c lao ng xy dng. Nc thi pht sinh hng ngy.
Nhng ngy l, ngy ngh (ch nht), ngoi ca lm vic th hu nh khng pht sinh
do cng nhn ngh lm.
+ Tnh cht: Lng nc thi sinh hot, thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi sinh
hot ca ton b cng nhn trong m c trnh by ti tiu mc d, Mc 3.1.2.1.
+ Khu vc pht sinh: ti nh v sinh nm trong vn phng m.
3.1.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi trong nm th 1
a. n, rung
- Cc phng tin thi cng: tho d, lp t, o p mt bng cp liu. Cc
cng vic c th gm: o p t xy b k, lp t trm nghin sn, vn chuyn thit
b, lp t trm ch bin, khai thc , vn chuyn t , bc t ph.
Khu vc pht sinh: khu vc m moong, khu ch bin, dc theo cc ng vn
chuyn ni b m v ng ra vo m.
D tnh n: d tnh n gy ra bi cc hot ng ny c d tnh nh ti
tiu mc a, Mc 3.1.2.2 cho tng khu ring bit.
- Chn ng rung, n khi n mn: quy m t n ti m khong 2.000kg/t.
Chn ng rung v n pht sinh tc thi, nhanh chng b dp tt.
- n khi ch bin: pht sinh do cc my nghin khi hot ng. Ting n pht
sinh trong thi gian lm vic 8h/ngy. Ting n ko di v pht sinh thng xuyn.
. Cc yu t AT, s c
- S c st l, st ln c th xy ra khi:
+ Kim tra, v sa li h thng bao ngn nc mt xung quanh chu vi m.
Thit k bao cao 2-3m, p n cote +8m; b mt rng 2m c vch taluy hai bn
m bo 45
o
, v trng cy xanh hai bn chn bao gi n nh lu di cho .
+ Di chuyn thit b c gii nng trn nn t mi, ven cc mng nc c th
b ln.
+ To ng vn chuyn trn nn t yu, t rung, nn chnh ng giao
thng.
- Vt ri, : do cc hot ng sau
69
+ Tho, lp trm nghin sn, my bin p
+ ln t tng khai thc khi c chn ng
- Ha hon: Qu trnh khai thc s pht sinh nhiu nguyn nhn c th gy ra
kh nng chy:
+ Qu trnh thi cng pht quang bao xung quanh cng nh dn dp mt bng
nu cc cng nhn lm vic bt cn ht thuc, t la, th kh nng gy chy l rt
c th xy ra, c bit vo ma kh, la c th lan ra kh nhanh trn khu vc d n.
+ S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin
liu, hoc do s thiu an ton v h thng cp in, n mn, gy nn cc thit hi v
ngi v ca trong qu trnh thi cng.
V cc hng mc phc v cng tc XDCB v dn moong m va c thc hin
ng thi vi cc hot ng khai thc, ch bin nn c s xen ln cc hot ng. Xem
thm cc s c, tai nn lao ng ti Mc 3.1.5. D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng.
3.1.2. Ngun gy tc ng giai on khai t cng sut thit k (Nm th 2 n
nm 15)
3.1.2.1. Ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi trong giai on khai thc
t cng sut thit k
Ngun pht sinh cc loi cht thi khi trin khai d n khai thc t cng sut
thit k c tng hp trong Bng 3.11 nh sau:
Bng 3. 11: Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi
TT Cc hot ng ca d n Cc yu t gy tc ng
1 Qu trnh khai thc
- Khoan l mn
- N mn ph
- Ph qu c
- Xc bc, vn chuyn

- Bi
- Bi, kh c (sau khi n mn)
- Bi, kh c (t ng c)
- Cht thi rn, du m ri vi, bi, kh nhim
2 Qu trnh ch bin
- Nghin, sng
- Xc bc, vn chuyn

- Bi
- Cht thi rn, du m ri vi, bi, kh thi
3 Thi t, - Bi, cht thi rn, kh thi, nc chy trn khi c ma
4 Sa cha, bo dng xe - Du m ri vi
- Cht thi rn
5 Qu trnh tho kh m - Nc thi
6 Sinh hot ca con ngi - Cc thnh phn nhim ch yu nh vi sinh, du m,
Nitrat, Amoni, cht hu c,...trong nc thi sinh
hot
- Cht thi rn sinh hot
7 My pht in d phng - n, kh nhim

70
a. Ngun pht sinh bi
Cc hot ng pht sinh bi
- Cc hot ng pht sinh bi: bc ph, qu trnh khoan l mn, n mn, vn
chuyn, ch bin. Ty theo loi t cng nh iu kin thi tit m mc pht
sinh bi l khc nhau.
- Khu vc v thi gian pht sinh:
+ Bc ph: ti khu vc bc ph. Do c im tri ma kh thi cng nn d
kin cng tc ny ch thc hin c 10 thng/nm.
+ Khoan l mn, n mn: ti khu vc moong khai thc. Din tch 1 bi khoan
thng di 300 m
2
tng ng vi din tch mt bi n.
Qu trnh hnh thnh mt m bi - kh khi n xy ra trong 30 - 45 giy sau v
n. Tip , trong 60 - 120 giy k tip s xy ra s tch khi m bi mt cch mnh
m v ri xung t ca cc lot bi c kch thc ln nht. Cc kh n v cc phn t
bi nh hn s c lan ta, ty thuc tc gi, n cc v tr kh xa.(Nguyn An
Phng, Cng ty m INCODEMIC)
+ Hot ng ch bin: pht sinh ti KCB. Bi s lan truyn theo hng gi v
nhanh chng sa lng trn ng i do thnh phn bi a phn l bi c t trng ln.
+ Vn chuyn: t moong ln khu ch bin, t khu ch bin ra ngoi theo ng
vn chuyn sn phm, t khu bc ph ra bi thi tm. Bi pht sinh hng ngy trong
thi gian lm vic.
Ti lng bi pht sinh khi bc ph
- Cn c vo lch bc ph ca m, hot ng bc ph (t ph v bn phong
ha) tip tc thc hin vi khi lng 125.000 m
3
nguyn khi/nm. Hot ng din
ra n nm 5, ti lng bi trung bnh c d tnh nh sau:
Bng 3. 12: Ti lng bi pht sinh do bc ph giai on khai thc t cng sut
STT Thnh phn n v Nm 2-5
1 Khi lng bc ph trong nm m
3
/ nm 125.000
2 Khi lng bc ph trong ngy m
3
/ngy 480,77
3 H s pht thi Kg/tn 0,075
4 T trng t ph tn/m
3
1,42
5 Ti lng bi Kg/ngy 51,20
Ti lng bi g/s 1,78
- Thi gian pht sinh: din ra hng ngy khi bc ph trong sut cc nm 2 n
nm th 5. Tuy nhin, trong nhng ngy ma khng tin hnh bc ph hoc do t m
t pht sinh bi hn.
Ti lng bi pht sinh do cng tc khoan l mn
Ti lng bi c tnh da vo ng knh v chiu su l khoan. Giai on
ny m i vo khai thc t cng sut nn khi lng thi cng cc nm l nh nhau.
M s dng 2 loi my khoan l BMK v my khoan con. S liu v kt qu tnh ton
c trnh by trong bng sau:

71
Bng 3. 13: Ti lng bi pht sinh do khoan l mn
STT Thnh phn n v
Nm 2-16
KhoanBMK Khoantay
1 ng knh l khoan mm 105 36-42
2 S mt khoan trong nm m/nm 19.081 6.715
3 S mt khoan trong ca/ngy m/ca 119 80
4 H s pht thi [2] kg/m 0,00360 0,00058
5 Ti lng bi kg/ngy 0,429 0,046
6 Ti lng bi g/s 0,015 0,002
7 Tng ti lng bi g/s 0,017
- V tr bi khoan thng xuyn thay i, ng thi cote nn bi khoan cng h
thp theo thi gian, cng v sau bi khoan cng h thp so vi a hnh xung quanh.
D kin nng bi khi khoan ti bi khoan trong moong khai thc p dng m hnh
tnh ton nh Cng thc 3-2 [1].
uH
Ml
C C
3
0
10
+ = (mg/m
3
) (Cng thc 3-2)
Trong :
C: l nng trung bnh ca bi pht tn theo tnh ton (mg/m
3
). C1, C2, C3,
C4, C5 (mg/m
3
) l nng bi d tnh ti moong trong cc iu kin gi khc nhau.
C
0
: nng bi nn ca khu vc d tnh, c ly theo kt qu o nng bi
thc t khu vc d n (Xem Bng 2.20); C
0
=0,26mg/m
3
.
M (g/s.m
2
): ti lng pht sinh bi ti bi khoan c d tnh theo tng ti
lng bi t Bng 3.12.
l: chiu di khi hp, ly bng chiu di ln nht ca moong khai thc theo
hng gi ch o (hng ng Bc; Ty Nam):giai on ny l=250m.
u: vn tc gi ly bng vn tc gi thc t o c ti moong khai thc v theo
ti liu quan trc (Bng 2.14 v Bng 2.20).
H: cao ha trn ca bi, ly chn H = 10m do bi khoan a phn la bi
nng. Ti cao ny, qu trnh ha trn hon ton n nh.
Kt qu tnh ton c tng hp nh bng sau:
Bng 3. 14: D tnh nng bi do hot ng khoan l mn
Nm khai thc
iu kin gi
Nng
(mg/m
3
)
u
(m/s)
Ti lng M
(g/s.m
2
)
Gi ln nht o c thc t ln nht 0,309 2,8 0,00006
Gi ln nht o c thc t nh nht 0,948 0,2 0,00006
Gi ln nht trong ma kh 0,271 12,0 0,00006
Gi ln nht trong ma ma 0,275 9,0 0,00006
Trung bnh giai on 2008-2009 0,3 1,9 0,00006
Ti lng bi pht sinh do n mn
Ti m s dng thuc n ph bng phng php n vi sai. Khi n s gy
ph v t ng thi gy bi, pht thi kh c (hn hp kh- bi), gy chn ng
72
mt t, to cc sng va p khng kh, gy ting ng ln. Lng bi pht sinh do
qu trnh n mn c tnh theo Bng 3.14.
Bng 3. 15: D tnh ti lng bi pht sinh khi n mn
STT
Thng s tnh ton
n v
Nm 2-16
1 Khi lng nguyn khi [16] m
3
/nm
200.000
2 S t n t/nm 46
3 Khi lng ph v/t m
3
/t
4.381
4 H s pht thi [2]
kg bi/m
3

nguyn khai
0,17
5 Ti lng bi pht sinh kg/t
744,76
6 Ti lng bi pht sinh g/s 49.650,79
- D kin nng bi khi sau khi n mn: p dng m hnh tnh ton nh Cng
thc 3-2. Trong :
C
0
: nng bi nn ca trong khu vc d tnh, ly kt o nng bi thc t ti
moong khai thc l 0,26mg/m
3
(Xem Bng 2.21)
M (g/s.m
2
): ti lng pht sinh bi ti tng bi n theo cc nm khc nhau ti
Bng 3.14.
l: chiu di hp, ly bng chiu di ln nht ca moong khai thc theo hng
gi ch o ng Bc-Ty Nam:l=250m.
u: vn tc gi ly bng vn tc gi thc t o c ti moong khai thc v theo
ti liu quan trc (Bng 2.12 v Bng 2.21).
H: cao ha trn ca bi, ly chn theo chiu cao ct bi ph bin H = 150m
[2].
Kt qu tnh ton nng bi ti tng bi n nh sau:
Bng 3. 16: D tnh nng bi khi n mn
Nm khai thc
iu kin gi
Nng
(mg/m
3
)
u
(m/s)
Ti lng M
(g/s.m
2
)
Gi ln nht o c thc t ln nht 9.851,61 2,8 165,50
Gi ln nht o c thc t nh nht 137.919,13 0,2 165,50
Gi ln nht trong ma kh 2.298,91 12,0 165,50
Gi ln nht trong ma ma 3.065,12 9,0 165,50
Trung bnh giai on 2008-2009 14.518,04 1,9 165,50
Nhn xt: nng bi ti bi n sau khi n mn thay i ty theo quy m ca
t n.Ti khu vc bi n nm trong moong thng nng cao nht khi vn tc gi
thp nht.
Ti lng bi pht sinh do hot ng ch bin
Hot ng ch bin s dng lc va p mnh pht v theo kch thc
mong mun. Bi pht sinh ti ti khu vc ch bin ph thuc vo cng sut ca trm,
s trm hot ng v iu kin thi tit, a hnh. Ti lng bi pht sinh ti khu
vc ch bin khi cha qua x l c d tnh trong Bng 3.17.

73
Bng 3. 17: Ti lng bi pht sinh t qu trnh ch bin
STT Thng s tnh ton n v Nm 2-16
1
Khi lng nguyn khai a
vo ch bin
m
3
nguyn khai/nm
280.000
2
S ca hot ng ca trm
ca/nm
290
3
Khi lng ch bin/ca
m
3
/ca
966
4 H s pht thi kg bi/m
3
nguyn liu 0,14
5 Ti lng bi pht sinh kg/ca 135,17
6 Ti lng bi pht sinh g/s 4,69
Lng bi pht tn theo gi l b ht bi (kch thc rt nh) chim 10% ti
lng bi tng cng pht sinh d b gi cun theo v kh lng ng. Xt cao ha
trn bi l 15m, p dng Cng thc 3-2 tnh ton vi cc iu kin u vo:
+ Ti lng bi pht sinh M (mg/s.m
2
) c tnh da theo cng sut ch bin:
M= ti lng bi pht sinh / din tch pht sinh (mg/s.m
2
)
Ti lng bi ly theo Bng 3.17
+ Chiu di Khi hp l chiu di ton sn cng nghip: l =200(m).
+ Nng mi trng nn C
0
(mg/m
3
) ly bng nng ln nht o ti khu
vc d n.
+ cao ha trn H=15m (cao nht l u bng ti v bi bc ln).
Nng bi ti khu ch bin trong tng iu kin gi nh bng sau:
Bng 3. 18: D tnh nng bi ti cc bi ch bin
Thng s

iu kin gi

Nng
(mg/m
3
)
u
(m/s)
Ti lng M
(g/s.m
2
)
Gi ln nht o c thc t ln nht 7,71 2,8 0,02
Gi ln nht o c thc t nh nht 104,56 0,2 0,02
Gi ln nht trong ma kh 2,00 12,0 0,02
Gi ln nht trong ma ma 2,58 9,0 0,02
Trung bnh giai on 2008-2009 11,24 1,9 0,02
Theo tnh ton, khi khai thc t cng sut,trong iu kin gi thay i 0,2-
2,8m/s th nng bi trong khu vc nghin sng thay i t 105-7,71mg/m
3
. Khi gi
ln hn, n 9m/s th bi nhanh chng pht tn nn nng trong khu vc ch bin
gim cn 2 mg/m
3
.
Do vy, nhm ngn nga gia tng lng bi pht tn ra mi trng xung quanh
nn cn c bin php gim thiu bi ti cc trm nghin sng v ngn cn s pht tn
bi ra bn ngoi.
Ti lng bi pht sinh do hot ng ca phng tin vn chuyn
Hot ng vn ti gy n, pht thi cc kh c hi (t nhin liu) v bi vo
khng kh. Bi do cc t vn chuyn ph thuc vo s bnh xe ca mi t, vn tc,
ti trng xe, kt cu mt ng vn chuyn, iu kin thi tit. Lng bi pht sinh ti
m tng khi khi lng vn ti nhiu v qung ng di hn. Qung ng cc xe
chy c trong ngy trn mi tuyn ng khc nhau c tnh nh bng sau:

74
Bng 3. 19: Qung ng xe chy t nm 2-16
Nm
Hot ng
Qung ng i c ca nm (km/ngy)
2-5 6-16
Vn ti ni m
750 900
Vn ti sn phm ra QL55
650 650
T nm 2 n nm th 5 do cn lng t ph nn khi lng vn ti tng, lt
xe i li nhiu hn. T nm th 6 tr i ch cn vn ti nguyn khai v sau ch
bin.Ti lng bi c d tnh theo h s pht thi v qung ng i c. Bi t
qu trnh vn chuyn trong khu vc d n c tnh trong Bng 3.19.
Bng 3. 20: Ti lng bi t qu trnh vn chuyn
Nm
Hot ng
H s pht
thi (kg/km)
Ti lng bi (kg/ngy)
2-5 6-16
Vn ti t ph ni m
C ti 0,798 20,782 -
Khng ti 0,637 16,577 -
Vn ti ni m
C ti 0,363 18,339 18,339
Khng ti 0,289 14,628 14,628
Vn ti sn phm ra QL55
C ti 0,073 6,046 6,046
Khng ti 0,065 5,425 5,425
Ghi ch: h s pht thi bi nh Bng 3.5
b. Ngun pht sinh kh nhim
Ngun pht sinh kh nhim
Cc ngun pht sinh cc cht kh nhim (tro bi, SO
2
, CO, THC, NO
x
, VOC
) l nhng thit b, phng tin s dng nhin liuc lit k nh bng sau:
Bng 3. 21: Ngun pht sinh kh nhim
c im Din gii
Ngun pht sinh
- Ngun c nh: My xc, my o, my o gn ba phot
ng trong phm vi hp, t di chuyn nn xem l ngun c
nh; my pht in.
- Ngun di ng: t ti
Thnh phn Tro bi, SO
2
, CO, THC, NO
x
, VOC
Khu vc pht sinh
- Ngun c nh: moong khai thc, khu ch bin
- Ngun di ng: ng vn chuyn trong v ngoi m
Thi gian pht sinh
Trong sut thi gian m hot ng, xem l ngun pht sinh
lin tc
Ti KCB cc trm nghin do chy bng ng c in nn ch pht sinh bi.
D tnh nhim t cc phng tin s dng nhin liu
Ti lng cc cht nhim khng kh pht sinh ti khu vc m c tnh ton
da vo s lng thit b hot ng ti m c s dng nhin liu. H s pht thi ca
cc cht nhim, ti lng d tnh cc cht nhim pht sinh do cc ng c, thit b
khai thc ti m c tnh theo Bng 3.22.
75
Bng 3. 22: H s pht thi v ti lng ca cc cht kh nhim
Loi thit b
Thng s nhim
Bi SO
2
CO THC NO
x
Andehyt
H s pht thi nhim (kg/tn) [1]
ng c t 2 1,55 20,81 34 20 1,4
Thit b khc 16 6 9 20 33 6,1
Ti lng nhim (kg/gi) nm 2-15
ng c t 0,139 0,108 1,450 2,369 1,394 0,098
Thit b khc 0,599 0,225 0,337 0,748 1,235 0,228
Tng cng (kg/h) 0,74 0,33 1,79 3,12 2,63 0,33
Tng cng (kg/ca) 5,91 2,66 14,30 24,94 21,03 2,61
Ghi ch: T trng du bng 0,8.
Kh nhim do my pht in
Nhin liu cho my pht in l du DO c thnh phn gmcarbon (C), hydro
(H
2
), nit (N), oxy (O
2
), lu hunh (S), tro (A) v m (W). Khthi thng cha
bi, SO
2
, NO
x
, CO
x
, hydrocabon (THC), aldehyt (RHO).Vic tnh ton ti lng cht
nhim trong khi thi ca my pht in c thda trn h s pht thi ca WHO.
Gi tr ny s bin ikhi thay i nhin liu, nhit kh thi v chiu cao ng khi.
Ti lng pht thi i vi my pht in m d n d kin s dng nh sau:
Bng 3. 23: Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi ca my pht in dng du
DO
Thnh phn Bi SO
2
NO
x
THC CO RHO
H s pht thi (kg/T) 0,94 18xS 11,8 0.24 0,05 0,11
Ti lng (g/ph) 0,0376 0,036 0,472 0,0096 0,002 0,0044
[Ngun: Rapid inventory technique in environmental control, WHO 1993]
Vi: Du DO s dng c 0,05%S. Lng du tiu hao 3l/h.
D tnh kh nhim do n mn
Khi du nhin liu thm vo AN, s n xy ra v pht trin thch hp theo
phn ng sau
2NH
4
NO
3
+ CH
2
.... ->2N
2
+ 5H
2
O + CO + ... + (770kacl/kg)(1)
3NH
4
NO
3
+ CH
2
.... ->3N
2
+ 7H
2
O + CO
2
+ ... + (590kacl/kg) (2)
5NH
4
NO
3
+ CH
2
.... ->4N
2
+ 11H
2
O + CO
2
+ 2NO +... + (590kacl/kg)(3)
Khi lng FO thm vo hn hp cht n s sinh ra phn ng (1), kh c CO
c to ra; kh NO
2
c sinh ra khi khi lng FO l cha (phn ng 3).
trong t l AN v FO phi c xem xt phn ng 2 xy ra tc cn bng oxy
bng khng. V l thuyt t l ti u ca FO v AN phn ng xy ra theo phn ng
2 l 5,6%. Tuy nhin, trong thc t lng FO thm vo l 6% do c s hao ht trong
qu trnh thc hin. Th tch kh n ca Amoni Nitrat l 980l/kg cht n. Thnh phn
kh n bao gm: N
2
; hi H
2
O, CO
2
, SO
2
. (Theo Jonh A. Franklin, Maurice b.Dusseault
- C hc cng trnh Nxb Gio dc Nm 2000).D tnh lng kh n da theo
lng thuc n tiu th ti m nh sau:
Bng 3. 24: D tnh th tch kh n pht sinh mi t n
Thng s n v Nm 2-16
Lng thuc s dng kg/nm 99.000
76
Thng s n v Nm 2-16
H s pht thi lt kh/kg thuc 980
S t n trong nm t/nm 46
Lng kh lt/nm 97.020.000
Lng kh lt/t 2.125.200
Lng kh lt/s 141.680
Ghi ch: Thi gian pht thi mi t n ko di 15s. S t n trung bnh 46
t/nm.
c. Ngun pht sinh cht thi rn
Cht thi rn cng nghip khng nguy hi
- Ngun pht sinh: i tng thi ca m l tng t ph v lp bn
phong ha. T nm th 2 tr i, khi lng phi thi hng nm l 125.000m
3
t
nguyn khi[16].Trong , d kin lng t ph bn c bn v lu ti bi thi ch
bn.
- Tnh cht: Loi cht thi ny khng cha cc cht nguy hi n mi trng
tuy nhin nu khng c bin php qun l ph hp t thi c th tri lp lng
mng, lm hoang ha t ai canh tc v lm nhim ngun nc. Phn ln lng
t ph cn li c tiu th trc tip, hoc s dng ban p mt bng, p sa
bao bo v b moong, v sa ng ni b thng xuyn trong m.
Cht thi nguy hi
+ Ngun pht sinh: ch yu t qu trnh hot ng v sa cha cc phng tin
c gii, thay th thit b.
+ Thnh phn: gi lau c dnh du m, thng cha du nht, bnh c quy, bng
n h, v lp xe.
+ Khi lng: Lng du nht thi ra t cc phng tin vn chuyn v thi
cng c gii trung bnh 7 lt/ln thay v 3 - 6 thng thay nht/ln (Nghin cu ti ch
nht thi thnh nhin liu lng - Trung tm Khoa hc K thut Cng ngh Qun s -
B Quc Phng 2002). Ti m c tng cng 21phng tin xc bc, vn chuyn, thit
b khc nn lng du nht thi khong 307lt/nm v lng gi lau 153 kg/nm.
Bng 3. 25: D tnh lng CTNH pht sinh ti m
STT

Thit b

S
lng
nh mc
(lt-kg/thit b. nm)
Lng thi
Nht thi Gi lau
Nht
(lt/nm)
Gi lau
(kg/nm)
1 My BMK-5 1 10 5 10 5
2 My nn kh 1 5 3 5 3
3 My khoan cm tay 1 10 3 10 3
4 My i 0 30 15 0 0
5 Xe cng tc 1 20 5 20 5
6 Xc nguyn khai 3 20 5 60 15
7 Xe vn chuyn 6 20 7 120 42
8 Trm ch bin 4 3 15 12 60
9 S xe xc 1 20 7 20 7
10 My bm 2 20 3 40 6
11 Xe bn 1 10 7 10 7
77
STT

Thit b

S
lng
nh mc
(lt-kg/thit b. nm)
Lng thi
Nht thi Gi lau
Nht
(lt/nm)
Gi lau
(kg/nm)
Tng 21 168 75 307 153
Ghi ch: Lng thi = nh mc x s lng
Khi lng lp xe h: m c 9 xe bnh lp, theo chu k 20.000km thay lp 1
ln hoc chu k 1 nm. Xe trung bnh 10 bnh nhng 8 bnh sau chu k thay 1 nm, 2
bnh trc chu k thay 2 nm. Vy, lng lp xe thi tng ng l 72 lp/1 nm; 90
lp/2 nm.
Khi lng aquy thi: chu k thay 2 nm/ln. Trong m c 12 thit b s dng
nh la bng acquy nn lng thi khong 12 ci/2 nm. Khi lng 15-20kg/ bnh
acquy nn khi lng thi 180kg-240kg/2 nm.
+ Khu vc pht sinh: ch yu ti khu vc xng c kh ca Cng ty, sa cha
t xut thay th ti moong nhng cui bui tp kt v kho cha.
+ Thi gian: pht sinh khng thng xuyn, ty thuc vo thi gian sa cha
bo tr nh k my mc.
Cht thi rn sinh hot:
+ Ngun pht sinh: t hot ng sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin lm vic
ti m.
+ Thnh phn: rc thc phm, nilon, giy vn phng
+ Tnh cht: d phn hy sinh hc, 1 s thnh phn c ngun gc polime kh
phn hy
+ Khi lng: theo cc ti liu ca T chc Y t th gii WHO ti lng cht
thi rn sinh hot l 0,4 kg/ngi/ngy [14]. Vi lng cn b, cng nhn vin lm
vic ti m l 65 ngi [16] th lng cht thi rn sinh hot ti m pht sinh trong
giai on ny nh sau:
Cht thi rn sinh hot (kg/ngy) Gi tr n v
S lao ng 65 Ngi
nh mc 0,4 kg/ngi/ngy
Lng thi theo ngy 26,0 kg/ngy
S ngy lm vic ti m 290,0 ngy/nm
Lng thi theo nm 7,5 tn/nm
+ Khu vc pht sinh: ti khu vn phng ca m.
+ Thi gian: pht sinh hng ngy.
d. Ngun pht sinh nc thi
Nc thi sn xut
+ Ngun pht sinh: qu trnh sn xut ti m ch s dng nc khng ch
bi ti khu vc nghin sng, ng vn chuyn. Do vy nc thi ca m l lng
nc bm tho kh t moong c ngun gc phn ln t nc ma, nc di t ti
khu vc moong khai thc khi m moong xung thp hn mc nc ngm c tho
kh.
78
+ Thnh phn: ch yu cha cht rn l lng (bi c kch thc nh, khng
tan), c nguy c nhim du m khi cc thit b c gii lm ri vi.Theo tnh cht nc
thi quan trc c ti cc m khu vc tnh ng Nai v Bnh Dng th nc thu
c ti h thu trong moong c c im trong, tnh cht c cn ln vn a phn
ngun gc t bi .
+ Tnh cht nc thi: d lng c hc, nc trong sau khi lng trong h, khi
khai thc m n tng gc, nc thng lnh. Trong ma ma, c nc ma chy
trn t nhiu khu vc khc nhau, trong c phm vi bc ph nn khi chy v h c,
c nhiu cn rn lng xung y h.
+ Lu lng d tnh: Quanh moong c bao nn ch c 2 ngun l nc
ma ri trc tip v nc di t. Trong ma kh, khng ma nn ch c nc ngm
chy vo thng xuyn.
Tnh ton lng ma ri trc tip xung moong khai thc
Lng nc ny c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Q
1
= F x Zx ( Cng thc 3-3)
Trong :
Q
1
: Lng nc chy trn trn b mt hng nc c din tch Z
F : din tch hng nc, chnh l din tch m khi m moong ti a
Z : lng ma ngy ln nht (127mm/ngy) [5]
: h s dng chy b mt tham kho theo TCVN 7957:2008, chn =1,0 do
y moong l nn gc. Cng thc trn b qua yu t bc hi.
Lng nc ngm chy vo moong khai thc
Lng nc ngm chy vo moong khai thc (Q, m
3
/ngy) c tnh cho m
ti tng su khai thc theo Bo co thm d [17] nh bng sau
Bng 3. 26: Lng nc di t chy vo moong khai thc theo bo co thm d
Cote y
moong (m)
Q
(m
3
/ngy m)
-5 3.265
-10 3.442
-15 3.613
-20 3.780
-25 3.943
-30 4.103
-35 4.259
-40 4.412
Kt qu xc nh c tng lng nc chy vo m hng ngy s thay i
theo ma. Lng nc ngm d kin s gia tng theo cote y khai trng khai thc.
Trong nhng ngy ma ln, lng nc ma chim phn ln lng nc pht sinh
trong moong khai thc nn cn xy dng h thng thu gom, x l, bm x ph hp
x l trc khi bm tho kh cng bc ra khi m. Xem chi tit ti Bng 3.26.
Tnh ton lng nc bm tho kh Q
xt

Nh kh nng lu ca h thu nn c th lu nc trong ma ma v x dn
trong ma kh sao m bo, phng trnh cn bng nc ti h bm nh sau:
79
Q
in
=Q
out
(Cng thc 3-4)
Trong :
Q
in
: Lng nc chy vo h thu gm nc ma, nc ngm
Q
out
: tng lng nc bm tho kh hng ngy Q
xt
, nc bc hi Q
bh
, nc s
dng ti ng v lm m Q
tsd
.
Vy lu lng nc cn x thi ti m c tnh theo cng thc:
Q
xt
i+1
=Q
mua
i
+Q
N
i
- Q
tsd
i
(m
3
/ngy) (Cng thc 3-5)
Trong : i: ngy trong nm 1365
Theo nh cng thc ny th c nhng ngy khng bm (khng c ma) v c
nhng lc bm 34 ngy lin (khi gp ma ln). Do vy tnh ton lng nc bm
hng ngy ln nht trong mi ma cho ph hp vi cng sut my v lu lng tip
nhn trnh gy ngp ng cc b, st l.
Nhng nh kh nng lu ca h thu nn lu lng x thi c iu ha theo
phng thc tr-bm. Lng lu ti h thu trong ngy th i+1 nh sau:
Q
lu
i+1
= Q
Luu
i
+Q
mua
i
+Q
N
i
- Q
ti
i
-Q
xt
i
(m
3
/ngy)(Cng thc 3-6)
Thng n cui ma kh cn bm ht lng nc lu trong h thu nc
chun b tip nhn nc trong ma ma sau. Lng x thi ng k c tnh theo
lng ma ngy lin tc ca 1 nm nh sau

80
Bng 3. 27: D tnh lng nc thi pht sinh ti m
Thi
gian
Z
thng
Z
max
Nc ngm Nc ma Tng Max
(mm/thng) mm/ngy (m
3
/ngy) (m
3
/thng) m
3
/thng m
3
/ngy m
3
/ngy
I 0 0 4.412 21 132.381 4.413 4.412
II 1 1 4.412 41 132.401 4.413 4.479
III 2 2 4.412 83 132.443 4.415 4.590
IV 97 127 4.412 5.028 137.388 4.580 18.533
V 193 26 4.412 9.968 142.328 4.744 7.245
VI 228 28 4.412 11.764 144.124 4.804 7.556
VII 407 43 4.412 21.055 153.415 5.114 9.189
VIII 334 113 4.412 17.245 149.605 4.987 17.011
IX 271 56 4.412 13.990 146.350 4.878 10.622
X 237 34 4.412 12.250 144.610 4.820 8.189
XI 27 4 4.412 1.419 133.779 4.459 4.856
XII 2 0 4.412 85 132.445 4.415 4.412
Max 407 127 4.412 21.055 153.415 5.114 18.533
Min 27 4 4.412 1.419 133.779 4.459 4.856
Tb 242 43 4.412 12.527 144.887 4.830 9.239
Ghi ch: Lng nc ngm d tnh chy vo m xem nh khng i trong sut nm
Lng nc ma tp trung vo cc thng ma, nhng thng khc xem nh khng c nc ma v ch c nc ngm chy vo m.
B qua lng bc hi hng ngy. D tnh ti cote -40m.
81
- Lng x trung bnh ton nm:

n
Q
Q
i
xt nam
xt

= vi i=1,n v n l s ngy trong ma, nm. (n=365)
- Lng x trung bnh 5 thng trong ma ma:
n
Q
Q
j
xt
t
mua
xt

= vi j=1,n v n l s ngy trong ma ma. (n=150)
- Lng x trung bnh 7 thng trong ma kh:
n
Q
Q
k
xt
t
kho
xt

= vi k=1,n v n l s ngy trong ma kh. (n=215)
Lng nc x thi d tnh ti m khi khai thc n cote -40 theo Bng 3.26.
Bng 3. 28: D tnh lng nc bm tho kh ti m
Ma Ln nht (m
3
/ngy)
Ma (5 thng) 5.000
Kh (7 thng) 4.200
+ Thi gian: do qu trnh bm tho nc ti moong theo phng thc lu trong
h thu nc v iu chnh lu lng bm thch hp nn lng nc thi sn xut pht
sinh hu nh hng ngy (ma ma nhiu hn ma kh do c tnh tr ti h thu nc
nhm cn i lng bm x gia 2 ma, gim p lc bm trong ma ma).
+ nh gi: Hot ng thot nc s lm bin i ch thy vn, nhim
ngun nc, tri lp v hoang ha cc vng t thuc lu vc ngun tip nhn.
Nc thi sinh hot
+ Ngun pht sinh: t hot ng sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin lm vic
ti m.
+ Khu vc pht sinh: ch yu ti nh v sinh ca vn phng.
+ Thnh phn: Cc cht rn nh si, ct, cc mu rau, hoa qu, vi, gi, giy
vn, cc mnh cht gioKhong 2/3 lng cht rn trong nc l cc hp cht hu
c phn t lng ln, c ngun gc t nhin hay nhn to, trong 40-60% l protein,
25-50% l cc Hidrocacbon. Ngoi ra, cn c cc cht hu c khc nh cht bo (du,
m), cht hot ng b mt, ph gia thc phm Cc cht hu c thc vt c trong
nc thi sinh hot gm: cc cht cn b thc vt, rau qu, giy,Nguyn t ha hc
chnh ca dng cht bn ny l cacbon. Cc cht bi tit ca ngi cha 1 hm lng
ln nit. Cc hp cht v c trong nc thi bao gm cc hp cht cha N, P nh
amoni, nitrat, orthophotphat. Trong phn cha 1 lng ln vi sinh vt gy bnh, c kh
nng ly qua nhiu ngun khc nhau v sau gy bnh. Chng bao gm virus, vi
khun, nguyn sinh bo v giun sn.Gi tr cc thnh phn ny c trnh by trong
Bng 3. 29.[11]
Bng 3. 29: Ti lng cc cht nhim chnh c trong nc thi sinh hot
Ch tiu n v Gi tr
SS g/ngi.ngy 60-65
BOD
5
ca nc thi cha lng g/ngi.ngy 30-35
Phn ngi
m % 70-85
Thnh phn
+ Cht hu c % trng lng kh 88-97
+ BOD
5
g/ngi.ngy 15-18
82
Ch tiu n v Gi tr
+ N % trng lng kh 5-7
+ P
2
O
5
% trng lng kh 3,0-5,4
+ K
2
O % trng lng kh 1,0-2,5
+ T l C:N 6-10
Nc tiu
Khi lng t Kg/ngi.ngy 1,0-1,31
m % 93-96
Thnh phn
+ Cht hu c % trng lng kh 65-85
+ BOD
5
g/ngi.ngy 10
+ N % trng lng kh 15-19
+ P
2
O
5
% trng lng kh 2,5-5,0
+ K
2
O % trng lng kh 3,0-4,5
+ T l C:N 1
+ Tnh cht:d phn hy sinh hc.
+ Khi lng: Trong qu trnh hot ng sn xut, cc cn b, cng nhn vin
khng sinh sng ti m, ch lm vic theo ca, bui tra thng v nh nn nhu cu s
dng nc sinh hot v nc thi pht sinh ti m khng ln. Lu lng nc c
tng hp trong bng sau.
Bng 3. 30: D tnh nc thi sinh hot pht sinh ti m
Lao ng
Lng nc s
dng (m
3
/ngy)
nh mc nc thi
(% nc cp)
Lu lng nc thi
(m
3
/ngy)
Trc tip 2,8 80% 2,2
Gin tip 3,1 80% 2,5
Tng 5,93 4,74
3.1.2.2. Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi
Bng 3. 31: Ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi
STT Ngun gy tc ng Cc yu t nh hng mi trng
1
Qu trnh khai thc
- Khoan l mn
- N mn ph
- Ph qu c
- Xc bc, vn chuyn

- Thay i cnh quan a hnh
- n, chn ng rung, vng
- St l
- Gia tng mt phng tin
2
Qu trnh ch bin
- Nghin, sng
- Xc bc, vn chuyn

- n, rung
3
- Thi t ph, phong ha, lu cha
thnh phm ti bi thi tm
- Thay i a hnh
4
Qu trnh tho kh m - H thp mc nc ngm
- Gia tng lu lng
a. Ngun pht sinh ting n
Ti khu vc moong khai thc
- Cc thit b c gii ti m u l loi c gii nng. Khi hot ng pht ra
ting n lm gia tng n xung quanh.
- Khu vc pht sinh: l nhng ni tp trung thit b thi cng v ni xe c qua li
nh moong khai thc, khu ch bin v ng vn chuyn. Thi gian: 1 ca/ngy
83
(8gi/ca). Mc n pht ra t hot ng ca cc thit b c gii nh trnh by trong
Bng 3.30 th mc n cc i do cc thit b thi cng gy ra u cao. Tuy nhin khu
vc m li rng, cc khai trng cch xa nhau v xa khu dn c nn ngun n ch nh
hng trc tip n cng nhn lm vic ti cng trng.
Bng 3. 32: Gii hn n ca cc thit b xy dng
STT Thit b
Mc n (dBA),
[3] [9]
Mc n la chn
tnh ton [dBA]
1 My i 93 93
2 My khoan 87 87
3 My xc gu trc 72,0 - 84,0 84
4 My xc Gu ngc 72,0 - 93,0 93
5 Xe ti 82,0 - 94,0 94
6 My pht in 72,0 - 82,5 82,5
7 My nn kh 96 96
8 Ba chn v my khoan 81,0 - 98,0 98
9 My nghin sn 92-94 92
10 Bng ti 98 98
11 Bm ht 96 96
Ghi ch: Mc n cch ngun n 15 m. Mc n la chn tnh ton chn mc n
cao nht.
Ti khu vc moong khai thc, cc thit b, my thi cng tp trung theo cm. p
dng cng thc sau tnh n t nhiu ngun n khc nhau: [3]
(Cng thc 3-7)

Trong : L
10
(dBA): n tng cng ti khong cch 10m
Li (dBA): n tng ngun ring l (ngun th i)
n ti mi v tr c d tnh da trn s hot ng ng thi ca cc thit
b. Xem cc thit b tp trung ti 1 khu vc hp p dng Cng thc 3-7. Do vy, c
th chia lm 2 khu vc gy n. Ti bi sau n mn th 2 my xc ch phc v ng
thi cho 4 xe ti (trong c km 1 my gn ba p ph qu c). Ti bi khoan c
1 my nn kh phc v cho 1 my khoan hot ng. D tnh n nh sau:
Bng 3. 33: D tnh n ti khu vc moong khai thc
STT Thit b S lng n (dBA)
n tng (dBA)
Bi xc 97 101
1 Xc nguyn khai 2 93 96
2 Xe vn chuyn 4 94 100
Bi khoan 90 90
3 My BMK-5 1 87 87
4 My nn kh 1 87 87
Khu vc ch bin
Ti y, cc trm nghin sng lm vic lin tc, c tnh ngun n l ngun lin
tc 8h/ngy. Cc thit b khc bao gm my xc, t ti, t ti nc cng hot
ng v gy n.
+ Hot ng ca t hp p - nghin - sng
Khu vc pht sinh: ti khu ch bin.
84
Thi gian pht sinh: tng ng vi thi gian lm vic ca trm l 1 ca/ngy hay
8gi/ca.
D tnh n: Nhn chung n t l vi s lng thit b t ti khu ch bin
v cng sut ca cc trm nghin. Tui th v tnh trng thit b cng nh hng ng
k. n d tnh c th ln ti 91dBA.
Bng 3. 34: D tnh n pht ra ti cc khu ch bin
STT Thit b
S lng n 9dBA)
Ghi ch
1 Cng sut ch bin (m
3
/nm) 280.000
2 S trm ch bin (trm) 4 76 Cch 20m
3 S xe xc thnh phm (xe) 1 78 Cch 10m
4 S xe ti (xe) 2 82 Cch 10m
5 Lch lm vic (ca/ngy) 1
n tng cng d tnh (dBA)_ 87
Ghi ch: n tng cng c tnh theo Cng thc 3-7. S xe ti ch thnh
phm lm vic ng thi vi my xc l 1.
n khi n mn
Ting n pht sinh do hot ng bn mn c tnh cht tc thi, trong khong
thi gian rt ngn, khong 0,25giy. Thit b ghi nhn rung c gn trn mt t theo
tuyn thng hng vi bi n, rung ng my ghi nhn l tng hp cc dao ng mt
t t cc sng n theo nhiu ngun khc nhau, bao gm: sng truyn trc tip t
ngun gy chn ng qua lp t ph trn b mt t; sng phn x v sng khc x
qua cc lp t trong m.
Rung ng c ghi nhn ng thi theo 2 phng (ngang & thng ng); cc
kt qu o c biu din dng gia tc theo n v cm/s
2
v dB; mc suy gim
ca gia tc sau mi giy c tnh trung bnh trn c tuyn.
Tham kho kt qu n mn ti m Thin Tn I- ng Nai, DNTN khai thc VL
v XD Vnh Hi, t n ngy 29/5/2009, bi n 2.500kgc phng trnh ni suy gia
tc rung nh phng trnh sau:
y(dB)=140.81 0.9979
x
(Cng thc 3-7)
Trong :
y: Cng rung ng tnh bng dB,
x: Khong cch t v tr cn bit n v tr bi n tnh bng mt.
Ting n tc thi khi n mn c vang i rt xa, gy tm l kh chu cho c
dn sng xung quanh khu vc d n. Tuy ting n do bn mn c cng m thanh
ln, nhng xy ra tc thi v nhanh chng b dp tt nn t nh hng n mi trng
xung quanh. Nhn chung, phng php n mn vi sai gim ng k chn ng khi
n mn.
Bng 3. 35: Mc gia tc rung ni suy
Khong cch t v tr cn bit n
bi mn (mt)
250 300,44 310 330 360 390 420
Cng rung ng (dB) 83,4 75,04 73,6 70,5 66,2 62,2 58,4
Ngun gy n trn ng vn chuyn
85
Khu vc pht sinh: Trn ng vn chuyn ra QL55, cc ngun gy n ch yu
l cc xe ch ra vo. Cc ti x xe ti v ngi dn sng ven ngl ngi b nh
hng thng xuyn. n d tnh trong cc nm nh sau:
Bng 3. 36: D tnh n gia tng trn cc tuyn ng vn ti
M Nm 2-15
Khi lng vn ti (m
3
) 300.000
S lt xe ngy (lt/ngy) 172
S lt xe ngy (lt/h) 22
n nn (dBA) 57
Lt xe gia tng N
i
(lt/h) 22
Gia s mc n (dBA) 10,3
n gia tng d tnh (dBA) 67,3
Ghi ch: n nn ly theo n o c thc t ti cc tuyn ng vn
chuyn ra QL55. Xem cc n o c c trn ng, ven ng ti Bng 2.17.
Gia s mc n ca lung xe s ph thuc vo s lung xe chy trong mt gi.
Lung xe gia tng thm khi nng cng sut l N
i
(lt/h). Khong cch c trng t
lung xe n im tnh ton cnh ng c cao t 1,5 - 2 m (D
o
= 7), tc dng
xe (S
i
=30Km/h) v thi gian (T=1h), c xc nh theo cng thc sau(Theo B Khoa
hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng - Cc Mi trng. Hng dn lp bo co nh gi
tc ng mi trng - D n cng trnh giao thng. H Ni 1999):
=10 log (N
i
D
o
) / (S
i
. T)(dBA) (Cng thc 3-8)
Mc n gim theo khong cch thc t tnh t ng giao thng n v tr tnh
ton c xc nh nh sau: (du m th hin n gim)
L = 10 log (D
o
/D)
1+a
= -3,64(dBA) (Cng thc 3-9)
Trong :
a - h s trng thi a hnh. Tnh chn a = -0,1 i vi mt t l b tng hay
tri nha ng.
D (m)=15m: khong cch thc t tnh t ng giao thng n im tnh ton.
D
0
(m)=7m: khong cch thc t tnh t ng giao thng n im o c.
Vy trng hp nh dn sng ven ng cch khong 15m th n gim i -
3,64dBA. n thc t d tnh khi xe d n tham gia giao thng l 67,3dBA nn gim
cn khong 63,5dBA.
b. Chn ng rung
- Ngun pht sinh: Do hot ng ca cc my mc, thit b hot ng ti m.
N mn cng pht sinh chn ng. c tnh rung ng ca mt s thit b v phng
tin c dng ph bin trong sn xut cng nghip, xy dng, giao thng v dn
dng c trnh by trong bng sau:
Bng 3. 37: c tnh rung ca cc loi phng tin, thit b
STT Loi phng tin
c tnh tc
ng rung
1 Cc phng tin giao thng ng b, ng st Lin tc, gin on
2 Cc loi thit b khoan v ng cc Gin on
3 Cc loi thit b m, lu Lin tc, gin on
4 Cc my mc, cng ngh gy chn ng ln trong Lin tc, gin on
86
STT Loi phng tin
c tnh tc
ng rung
cc nh my, x nghip, c s sn xut (p, rn dp,
nghin sng v.v.)

5

Cc phng tin, thit b dn dng: H thng iu
ha nhit trung tm, my xay xt thc
go, my nn kh, . . .
Lin tc, gin on

6 Mn (khi pht n) Gin on
Ghi ch: Phn loi theo TCVN 7378:2004 Rung ng v chn ng Rung
ng i vi cng trnh Mc rung gii hn v phng php nh gi.
- Khu vc pht sinh: chn ng do n mn, ba p pht sinh t cc bi n mn
trong moong khai thc. Rung ng do trm ch bin truyn n t KCB, cc xe vn ti
c khu vc pht sinh rng theo cc tuyn ng vn ti.
- Thi gian pht sinh:
+ Chn ng do n mn pht sinh theo tng t n, thi gian xut hin khng
lin tc, cc sng dao ng xut hin trong khong thi gian rt ngn, khong 0,5 giy.
Trong hot ng n mn ti m, cc yu t sinh ra khi n gy nh hng v
nguy him n mi trng xung quanh bao gm:
- Sng chn ng lan truyn trong t gy nguy him, pha hy cng trnh xung
quanh.
- Sng va p khng kh (sng xung kch lan truyn trong khng kh) gy nguy
him i vi ngi v cng trnh xung quanh.
- Mnh vng gy nguy him i vi ngi v cng trnh xung quanh
- Kh c v bi gy nh hng n mi trng v sinh thi.
Theo Thit k c s [16], tnh ton khong cch an ton khi n mn nhm xc
nh khong cch an ton cho ngi v thit b khai thc, vn chuyn v ch bin ca
m cng nh cc cng trnh ph cn ca m. Vic tnh ton khong cch an ton khi
n mn phi theo quy phm an ton v bo qun, vn chuyn v s dng vt liu n
theo quy chun QCVN 02: 2008/BCT. m bo cc iu kin sau:
- iu kin an ton v chn ng khi n mn
- iu kin an ton v tc ng sng khng kh do n mn gy ra
- iu kin an ton do mnh t vng xa khi n mn lm ti t .
hong cch an ton v chn ng khi n mn
Tnh khong cch an ton v chn ng i vi cc cng trnh do n mn theo
cng thc:
(Cng thc 3-10)

Trong :
- K
c
= 8 h s ph thuc t nn ca cng trnh cn bo v. Vi m Tn
Thng m rng trn mt l phong ha v t ct.
- o = 1,2 h s ph thuc vo ch s tc dng n
- Q = 2.070kg l khi lng thuc n ti a cho mt ln n.
hong cch an ton v tc ng sng khng kh khi n mn
Khong cch an ton v tc ng sng khng kh do n mn gy ra i vi
ngi, i vi cng trnh c tnh theo cng thc:
87
- i vi ngi theo yu cu cng vic phi tip cn ti a ti ch n mn:
m (Cng thc 3-11)

Trng hp ti m c b tr cc hm tr n th r
min
=191/3=64m.
- i vi cng trnh: p dng cho khi thuc 20 tn, thuc bc 1, 2 v an ton
(Cng thc 3-12)

Trong :
- Ks l h s ph thuc vo cc iu kin phn b v tr ln pht mn, mc
h hi. Ks c quy nh ti bng D.6 ca QCVN 02:2008 /BCT. Vi quy m bi
n ca d n (pht thuc ngm, bc an ton bc I v bc II) th khng c quy nh v
Ks.
- Q =2.070kg l khi lng thuc n ti a cho mt ln n.
Xung quanh bin gii m c p h thng bao v trng di cy xanh ngn
cch s gim thiu tc ng xu do sng chn ng, sng khng kh gy ra.
hong cch an ton do mnh vng khi n mn
Khong cch an ton do mnh vng xa khi n mn ph v t c tnh
theo cng thc:
(Cng thc 3-13)

Trong :
- W = Csino + Lcoso
- C = 2m khong cch t ming l khoan ti mp tng
- o = 80 gc nghing sn tng (Bng 1.7)
- L = 3,5m chiu di bua (Bng 1.8)
- d = 105 mm ng knh l khoan
R
v
= 131 m
hong cch an ton n mn cho m
Khong cch an ton i vi ngi phi chn tr s ln nht trong hai loi
khong cch an ton v sng khng kh v vng t do n mn gy ra. Vy, khong
cch an ton i vi ngi trng hp ca d n l:
Max(Rs; Rv) = max(191; 131)=191m.
Qua tnh ton k trn v theo quy phm an ton v bo qun, vn chuyn v s
dng vt liu n theo quy chun Vit Nam QCVN 02: 2008/BCT quy nh ti Bng 1
th khong cch an ton la chn cho m nh sau:
-Vi ngi: 300 m.
- Vi thit b: 200 m.
Trong k thut n mn, cng rung ng lng t ph thuc vo cc yu t
sau: loi thuc n, kch thc l khoan, su l khoan, khong cch gia cc l
khoan, chiu cao ca ct thuc n, chiu cao ct, tn s n, khong thi gian ngng
ngh. Ch c khong 25% nng lng c dng ph v [2]. Phn nng lng
cn li c phng thch vo mi trng xung quanh di dng sng tc thi nh cc
sng chn ng, cc sng nn p khng kh, sng m thanh v lc y trong ct ,
bi kh. nh hng ca s n mn trn mt t i vi nhng khu vc ng dn c
88
khng ch gy thit hi i vi ni b m m cn gy ra nhng tc ng bt li i vi
cu trc ca khu m v cc cng trnh ln cn.
Khi n mn, rung ng t tm n lan truyn trong mi trng t gy nh
hng n cc cng trnh xy dng. Bng chuyn i gi tr mc gia tc rung tnh theo
xiben (dBA) v gia tc rung tnh theo mt trn giy bnh phng (m/s
2
) tham kho
theo bng sau:
Bng 3. 38: Bng chuyn i gi tr gia tc rung
Mc gia tc rung, dB 55 60 65 70 75
Gia tc rung, m/s
2
0,006 0,010 0,018 0,030 0,055
Ghi ch: Theo QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v
rung.
+ Chn ng do cc trm nghin sng v xe vn ti, ba p thy lc din ra
lin tc trong ngy.
c. Thay i mc nc di t
- Ngun gy tc ng: qu trnh tho kh m khi khai thc di mc nc
ngm. Lng nc tho kh bao gm nc ngm chy vo v nc ma ri trn din
tch moong. Trong khi lng nc tho kh d tnh khi m moong su nht xung
cote-40m khong 4.500-5.000m
3
/ngy m. Nc ngm chy vo moong thng nn
s hnh thnh hin tng h thp mc nc: ng h thp mc nc hnh thnh trong
sut thi gian m moong khai thc.
Ngoi m Tn Thng, trong khu vc khng c cc m khc nn khng xy ra
hin tng cng hng trong qu trnh hnh thnh phu h thp mc nc ngm.
- Thi gian: din ra chm v thi gian nh hng ko di n khi kt thc d
n. Khi , moong khai thc c ci to thnh h cha v mc nc trong h cha
phi cao hn mc nc ngm.
- Bn knh nh hng: theo kt qu tnh ton tng hp t cc bo co thm d
[17], bn knh nh hng R (m) tnh t tm m khi khai thc s tng n 426m khi m
t su nht -40 m. Ngoi phm vi nh hng ny th mc nc ngm bnh thng:
khng b h thp.
d. Thay i cnh quan a hnh
- Ngun gy tc ng: do hot ng khai thc m s ly i mt lng ln m
khng c lng b p vo. ng thi d n b tr cc cng trnh ph tr phc v
sn xut: khai thc v ch bin.
- i tng b tc ng: So vi hin trng ban u: bc b lp thc b bn trn,
din tch ny s khng c ngi dn trng cy nng nghip na. Qua thi gian khai
thc, d n to h su so vi xung quanh.
- Thi gian: din ra chm v thi gian ko di khng th hi phc nguyn dng
ban u c.
e. nh hng n ngun ti nguyn nc mt v nhu cu nc cho nng
nghip
Trong bn knh 426m nh hng do h thp mc nc ngm tnh t tm m (ti
cote khai thc -40m) th v pha Nam v Bc c ry, vn ca dn nn s b nh
hng. S c hnh thnh phu h thp mc nc gin tip lm tng tnh thm ca
nc trn tng trn tng t canh tc xung tng bn di: cc tng cha nc l
89
hng trong v phong ha xung tng cha nc khe nt bn di. Do vy, nh hng
n nng sut cy trng v ch canh tc ca ngi dn.
3.1.3. Ngun gy tc ng giai on kt thc khai thc, ng ca m, phc hi
mi trng (nm th 17)
Giai on kt thc khai thc, ng ca m v thc hin cng tc ci to, phc
hi mi trng nn khng pht sinh cht thi do khai thc, ch bin na. Cc tc
ng mi trng do lin quan n cht thi l cc nh hng do tn ng cht thi t
trc, pht sinh do vic d b cng trnh, ci to, phc hi mi trng sau khai thc.
Cc ngun gy tc ng:
- Bi, kh thi, ting n do qu trnh d b cc cng trnh h tng (trm nghin,
my bin p, trm cn) lm nhim mi trng khng kh, ting n, nh hng n
sc khe cng nhn v dn c khu vc ln cn.
- Nc thi sinh hot, nc ma chy trn trn din tch cng trnh s lm
nhim mi trng nc mt, nh hng n ngun nc cp nc canh tc ca ngi
dn.
- Cc s c, tai nn lao ng khi cng nhn thc hin.
- Tc ng n ch thy vn ca vng: trong nm ny (nm th 17), h nc
c lu thng vi sng Cha. Cao trnh t cng cao hn mc nc bnh thng ca
sng nn ch khi no vo mua ma l, mc nc sng dng cao mi chy ngc vo
h. Trong ma kh, h s khng tip nhn nc sng.
Vic hnh thnh lp nc trong h s nng dn dn y phu h thp mc nc
v gim bn knh nh hng do suy gim mc nc ngm trong khu vc.
nh gi tc ng:
- Khi lng thi cng trong giai on ny t, ch yu l cng tc tho d, san
gt, trng cy v vn chuyn di di nn khng pht sinh nhiu cht nhim nh bi,
kh c. Kh nhim do cc phng tin s dng nhin liu xng, du phc v thi
cng.
- Cht thi rn: pht sinh lng khng ng k do d b mt s thit b, cng
trnh do hu ht c ti s dng, bn thanh l. Ring lng t ph cn li u c
s dng ci to mt bng, v bn ht. Lng t c huy ng phc v l
52.923 m
3
. Do vy, t ti bi thi lu li l hon ton p ng.
- Hot ng tho d, thi cng n gin, a phn u c c gii ha nn kh
nng xy ra ti nn l rt thp.
3.1.4. nh gi tc ng
3.1.3.1. Nhn dng v phn loi cc tc ng
a. Cc tc ng tch cc
- Khai thc v ch bin xy dng cung cp cho th trng trong v ngoi
Tnh. Pht hin ra ngun vt liu ti khu vc mi, thun li khai thc v tiu th, vn
chuyn.
- To cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng v li nhun cho Cng ty.
- Pht trin cc dch v i km: sa cha c kh, bun bn nh, bo tr my
mc, cung cp nhin liu, n ung, vn tiD kin s thay i b mt ca vng vn
l a bn vng xa ca tnh.
90
- ng gp cho ngn sch nh nc thng qua vic thc hin ngha v thu
gm thu gi tr gia tng, thu thu nhp doanh nghip, thu ti nguyn v cc khon
ph khc.
b. Tc ng tiu cc
Qu trnh chun b mt bng tc ng n mi trng trong khong thi gian
ngn v khng ng k, do vy qu trnh nh gi s tp trung vo giai on khai thc
v ch bin ti m trong giai on nng cng sut (nm th 2 n nm th16) cho n
khi thc hin cng tc ng ca m, ci to phc hi mi trng (nm th 17). Danh
mc tc ng mi trng c m t ca d n c trnh by nh bng sau:
Bng 3. 39: Danh mc tc ng mi trng c m t
STT Cng vic Cc vn Tc ng
1 Khai thc:
- Khoan l mn
- N mn
- Ph , xc bc,
vn chuyn

- Bi, n, kh
thi
- Chn ng do
n mn
- Cht thi rn,
cht thi nguy
hi

- Lm thay i a hnh, cnh quan
- nhim khng kh khu vc d n
v xung quanh.
- Gy nt nh, bin dng cng trnh.
- nhim t, nc.
- nh hng n sc khe cng
nhn v sinh hot ca dn c quanh
khu vc.
2 Ch bin:
- Hot ng ca t
hp p nghin
sng
- Xc bc, vn
chuyn
- Bi, n, kh
thi
- Cht thi rn,
cht thi nguy
hi
- Chn ng
- nhim mi trng nc, t
- nhim khng kh khu vc d n
v xung quanh.
- nh hng n sc khe cng
nhn v dn c trong xung quanh
3 Thi t, - Cht thi rn
- bi
- Thay i a hnh, cnh quan
- Tri lp, hoang ha thy vc
5 Sa cha, bo
dng xe
- Cht thi rn,
cht thi nguy
hi
- nh hng m quan
6 Tho kh m -Nc thi
-Cht nhim
- nhim nc mt
- Suy gim nc ngm
7 Hot ng ca con
ngi
- Cht thi sinh
hot (nc thi
v cht thi rn)
- Sc khe cng ng, m quan
3.1.3.2. nh gi tc ng n mi trng khng kh
a. Tc ng do bi
Bi tc ng n mi trng khng kh t hot ng: khoan l mn, n mn, ch
bin, xc bc v vn chuyn. Mt cch quy c, ngi ta cng phn chia ra hai
dng cc m bi. Cc m nguyn sinh - c hnh thnh do s vng bikhi ming
cc l mn bi cc sn phm dng kh ca v n. Cc m bi th sinh - c
hnhthnh do s p v thm ca t trong qu trnh xc - vn chuyn - to bi thi
v c hnh thnh t cc lp bi ang ph trn cc mt tng.
91
- Bi do bc ph: cng tc bc ph thc hin hng nm pht sinh ti lng bi
tng i thp so vi cc hot ng khc, n nm th 5 th khng cn na nn ngng
tc ng. Do vy, mc nh hng khng nhiu.
- Khoan l mn: Bi khoan thuc b ht trung - nh - mn (b ht bi ch chim
10%) do c t trng ln nn khng pht tn ra xa m d dng sa lng quanh ming l
khoan trong phm vi 11,5m. Ch khi no c gi ln th mi pht tn ra ngoi phm
n nhng ni xa hn. T cho thy bi t qu trnh ny gy nhim mi trng
khng kh trong phm vi moong khai thc. Ch bc ln cao khi c gi ln v ch nh
hng trc tip v thng xuyn n cng nhn khoan trong sut thi gian lm vic.
Khi m khai thc xung su, bi khoan cng nm di thp nn b che ph bao quanh
l cc vch cao nn hnh thnh gii che chn bi bao quanh.
- N mn: bi pht sinh t qu trnh n mn gm nhiu loi c kch c khc
nhau. Theo tnh ton lng bi pht sinh trong mt t n thng l rt ln. m bi
kh hnh thnh sau t n ch trong thi gian ngn. Qua kho st thc t ti mt s
m tng t cho thy cc loi tng, dm bn ra xung quanh tm n khong
200m, bi thuc b ht cc mn pht tn ra xa hn v bay theo chiu gi, phm vi nh
hng ca bi rng hn so vi qu trnh khoan l mn (trong bn knh 300m). Bi pht
sinh do ngun ny c khi lng ln nhng c tnh cht tc thi, ko di khng lu, d
dng pha long vi khng kh v sa lng xung di do vy khng nh hng thng
xuyn n sc khe con ngi nn mc tc ng ca bi do qu trnh ny l khng
ln.
- Ch bin:Qu trnh ch bin a vo mi trng lng bi kh ln v thng
xuyn (8 gi/ngy). Kt qu tnh ton ti Bng 3.16 cho thy bi pht sinh ti cc khu
ch bin ca m dao ng trung bnh 4,69g/s. Bi pht sinh t qu trnh ch bin tp
trung ch yu ti phu tip liu, my p, my nghin v u cc bng chuyn. Nu
khng c gi, bi tp trung dy quanh my xay (trong bn knh 5m). Bi thuc b ht
va - nh (d = 0,50,05mm) nn sa lng ti ch l ch yu.
Trong trng hp c gi, bi c th pht tn xa hn theo hng gi (khong
100m) v sa lng hoc b cc cy c tn ln nh trm, bch n ngn li.
Khu vc d n c c im l gn bin, xung quanh dn c tha tht nn cc
tc ng do bi nh sau:
+ Do d n gn bin nn b chi phi nhiu bi gi bin, hng ch yu l ng,
ng Nam. Khi , bi pht sinh b thi ln pha Bc v Ty Bc, vn rt tha tht
dn c v nhiu cy ci.
+ Hng gi ch o ca vng trong ma kh l ng, ng Nam sau chuyn
dn sang ng Bc (thng 12 v thng 1 nm sau) nn hon ton khng thi bi bay
v hng khu vc dn c ven QL55 pha Nam so vi d n.
Tuy nhin, ra xa hn l nh dn c vn, cy ci um tm nn t b lan xa hn v
t gy nh hng. Hn na thnh phn trong bi ch yu l b ht to, kh nng sa lng
ln, khng lan xa, ch c mt phn nh lng bi ht mn l pht tn i xung quanh
nn mc nh hng n dn c l khng ng k. i tng b nh hng nhiu
nht v thng xuyn l cng nhn lm vic ti my xay.
- Bi pht sinh t hot ng vn chuyn: tc ng thng xuyn v l ngun
ng, c phm vi phn b rng gm khu vc khai thc, ch bin v ng vn chuyn.
Bi pht sinh t hot ng vn chuyn s nh hng n sc kho ca ngi dn trong
khu vc m v khi i li ven ng. Tuy nhin mc tc ng ph thuc nhiu vo
92
cht lng ng giao thng, mt , cht lng xe qua li, tn sut vn chuyn. Tc
ng ny l c th gim thiu c khi c bin php ti nc dp bi, trng cy chn
bi.
Nhng hin tng k trn s mang li cc thit hi di y:
- Kh quyn khu vc m b nhim, nht l nhng khu vc nhy cm v sinh
thi nh rung la, nh dn cui hng gi thnh hnh hoc ln cn m.
- T l th m lnh ngh ca d n mc bnh ngh nghip kh cha khi hoc
khng th cha khi s tng ln. Do chi ph n b, tr cp thng tt cho ngi
lao ng tng ln.
- Lc lng cn b tr v c th lc tt s gim. iu s lm gim nng sut
lao ng.
- Mt khi lng ng k khong sn s b mt i (tn tht khng th phc hi)
dng bi. Theo d tnh, ti m tht thot khong hn 39,2 tn bi /nm.
- C nguy c nh hng n sc khe ca mt s ngi dn sng v lm vic
ti d n.
b. Tc ng do kh thi
Kh thi pht sinh ch yu t hot ng ca cc phng tin c gii, khi sinh ra
khi n mn. Cc kh thi ny c phm vi phn b rng (khu vc moong khai thc, khu
ch bin, ng vn chuyn) v nh hng thng xuyn trong sut qu trnh hot
ng ca m.
Kh c pht sinh t hot ng n mn c lng pht thi ln nhng ty theo
quy m mi t n. Lng thuc n s dng cng nhiu th cng nhiu kh n pht
sinh. Tim s dng thuc n anfo v nh tng nn cc kh sinh ra trng thi cn
bng oxi. y l 2 loi thuc n c nh gi l an ton cho mi trng. Cc kh sinh
ra trong qu trnh n a phn b xy ha ngay lp tc v b chuyn ha thnh cc
cht t c[2]. Tuy khi bi kh sinh ra tc thi nhng do chiu cao hiu dng ln, c
th hn 100m nn d dng khuch tn, pht tn ra xa theo chiu gi.
Kh thi do cc phng tin c gii pht sinh cng rt ng k vi nhiu thnh
phn gy nhim mi trng kh v sc khe cng ng. Ring i vi cc loi
phng tin vn chuyn l ngun ng nn phm vi pht thi rng hn.
Kh thi sinh ra do t du DO chy my pht in d phng (mc tc ng
khng nhiu, do t khi phi s dng), lng nhin liu tiu th nh.
Cc i tng b nh hng: cng nhn lm vic ti m, ngi dn xung quanh
v cc h dn cui hng gi.
c. Tc ng do CTNH v cht thi rn thng thng
Cc CTR c lng thi ng k nht t ph, bn phong ha tp trung v bi
thi. Ngoi ra cn c cht thi nguy hi d theo nc ma chy trn xm nhp vo t
v nc mt, nc ngm. Du m thi, gi lau dnh du d pht tn theo nc chy
trn, thm vo t, gy nhim c ngun nc tip nhn. C th y l sng Cha.
Du hiu dn nhn bit nht khi ngun nc b nhim du l ni vng du b mt.
Ngoi ra, cn c cc kim loi nng nh Cd, Cu, PbRc thi s tri ni theo dng
nc ra n bin v nh hng n khu vc ca sng gn bin.
d. Tc ng do nc bm tho kh t moong khai thc
93
Tc ng c tnh cht thng xuyn do m phi tho kh thng xuyn, a
hnh m tn ti vnh vin nn mc nc ngm b nh hng lu di cho n khi c
bin php ci to mi trng h cha ny.
Khi c ma ln, s c nguy c xy ra ngp ng cc b, nht l vng a hnh
trng v thp 2 bn b sng Cha. Nguy c hin xy ra hng nm ti khu vc v nh
hng khng ng k n hot ng canh tc v sinh hot ca c dn trong vng.
D n d kin p p ven sng Cha, do p p kh xa b sng nn khng
lm gim ng k tit din dng chy c khi l v. Do , khng gy nhiu nguy c
o lng pha b i din hoc tng ng k vn tc dng chy ca sng.
e. Tc ng do ting n
- Ting n t moong khai thc: tc ng thng xuyn. n d tnh ti bi
khai thc dao ng 90-101dBA tnh cho trng hp nguy him nht (my mc ton b
hot ng ng thi trong phm vi hp). Ting n ny l ln hn mc n cho php
trong khu vc lm vic ca TC VSL. n thc t l khng ln hn nhiu v ti 1
thi im, ton b cc my mc, phng tin khng hot ng ng thi, xe ti hay ra
vo, bi khoan v bi xc sau n mn khng nm gn nhau.
- Ting n pht sinh ti khu vc ch bin: nh hng thng xuyn v lin tc
trong khu vc ch bin v xung quanh. Ting n d tnh mc 87dBA. Ting n t
khu vc ny c mc tc ng cao hn do l ngun lin tc.
- Ting n do xe i li trn ng vn chuyn ra QL55: Ngun pht sinh l
ngun ng v n khng ln bng cc ngun khc nh khoan, ch bin. Theo kt
qu o c hin ti, n o trong thi gian lm vic ven ng giao thng cao nht
t 57dBA. Do vy, mc n d kin gia tng 10,3dBA.
3.1.3.3. nh gi tc ng n mi trng nc
a. Tc ng n mi trng nc mt do nc thi
c trng ngun thi
Nc thi sn xut ti m c ngun gc t nc ngm, nc ma mang theo
cc vt liu ri vi trn b mt nn c trng nhim ca nc thi trong hot ng
khai thc ti m ch yu l cn rn c ngun gc t bi , gi tr TSS bin ng
theo ma. Ngoi ra c nguy c b nhim du m khong do cc thit b vn ti r r.
Lng nc ny s c thu v h thu nc ca khai trng lng c hc trc khi
thot ra mi trng ngoi.
Khi khai thc n su nht (cote -40m), d tnh lu lng nc x thi ln
nht 5.000m
3
/ngy trong ma ma, trong ma kh l 4.500m
3
/ngy.
c trng ngun tip nhn
+ Ngun tip nhn nc thi trc tip l sng Cha on thuc x Thng Hi.
Khu vc tip nhn ny nm trong phn vng cp nc ti tiu v nui trng thy sn,
du lchnn CLN cn t QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, Ct B1. Cc ngun nc thi khi
thi vo vc nc ny cn t quy chun QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, ct B (C
max
)
+Ch thy vn ca sng tng ng vi 2 ma kh hu trong nm: dng chy
kit vo ma kh v dng chy l vo ma ma. on h lu ca sng pha di cu
sng Cha cn chu nh hng ca thy triu vi ch bn nht triu khng u t
ca sng truyn vo.
94
+ Hin trng ngun tip nhn: cc s liu thu thp v cht lng nc sng
Cha c th hin trong Bng 2.16. Hin nc sng Cha vn cn tng i tt, l
ngun cung cp nc ti tiu cho vng.
nh gi tc ng do nc thi n sng
- Tc ng n ch thy vn, dng chy: Lu lng x thi ca d n cao
nht l khong 5.000m
3
/ngy nn khng lm gia tng ng k n dng chy ca sng.
- Tc ng n CLN:hot ng x thi s to nguy c lm gia tng gi tr SS
trong ngun tip nhn. Nc thi m c c trng nhim SS cao nn nu x l
lng c hc tt snh hng khng ng k n CLN ngun tip nhn.
Da theo c trng cht lng ngun thi v cc m khc tng t hin ang
hot ng th cht lng nc ch yu c TSS cao, x l qua h lng l ph hp v
t cht lng. Do vy, tc ng ca ngun nc thi t m Tn Thng l khng ng
k n mc ch cp nc ca sng Cha.
- Tc ng n trm tch, h sinh thi y: cc cht rn trong nc thi s bi
lp lng sui, gy bin i thnh phn, cht lng trm tch y. Cht rn l lng
trong nc thi t m l cc ht v c nh. Khi vn tc ca dng chy b gim xung
(trong sui, rch) phn ln cc cht rn l lng s b lng xung y; nhng ht khng
lng c s to thnh c ca nc. V hu nh khng c cc cht l lng hu c
nn loi b c tiu th oxy phn hy lm gim DO ca ngun nc. Nguy c cao
nht c nhn nhn l cc cn lng gy bi lp lng dn ngun tip nhn, trc tip
nht l Sng Cha ti v tr tip nhn nc thi. Tuy nhin, ngun nc thi t cc m
a phn c SS kh thp nn nguy c ny l thp.
b. Tc ng n mi trng nc ngm
Qu trnh khai m v tho kh m khi khai thc s lm cho mc nc ngm
quanh khu vc b h thp. Bn knh nh hng n nc ngm ca qu trnh khai
thc: [17]
R
a
= r
0
+ R (m)
Bn knh nh hng R(m) c tnh theo cng thc: [25]
K S R 10 = (m).
+ r
0
bn knh " ging ln" quy i, c tnh theo cng thc: r
o
=
H
F
(m).
Trong F: din tch m moong khai thc, ly bng 111.100m
2
.
+ Bn knh nh hng R(m) c tnh theo cng thc K S R 10 = (m) v kt
qu tnh theo bo co thm do c trnh by ti Bng sau:
Bng 3. 40: Bn knh nh hng n mc nc ngm khi khai thc xung su
Cao y moong Din tch (m
2
) R (m) ro (m)
Ra (m)
-5 111.100 57 188 245
-10 111.100 82,9 188 271
-15 111.100 108,7 188 297
-20 111.100 134,6 188 323
-25 111.100 160,4 188 348
-30 111.100 186,2 188 374
-35 111.100 212,1 188 400
-40 111.100 237,9 188 426
95
Bn knh nh hng ln nht do s c hnh thnh phu h thp mc nc ti
cote khai thc -40m l 426m tnh t tm ging, nu tnh t ranh m th bn knh nh
hng ln nht l 238m. Trong phm vi ny th pha Ty l ng giao thng, pha
ng l sng Cha, pha Nam l Sn cng nghip ca d n. Do vy, khu vc b nh
hng s l pha Bc m. Khu vc ny trng cy lu nm v nng nghip ngn ngy.
nh hng ca qu trnh tho kh m n mc nc ngm trong khu vc khi
khai thc l iu khng trnh khi. Tuy nhin cc h dn trong khu vc sng kh xa
ranh khai trng (>300m), vy nn s khng c ging sinh hot no ca dn b nh
hng. Mc nc ngm h thp lm gim mc nc ngm trong cc ging cp nc
sinh hot (trong bn knh nh hng), mc nc trong tm bn trn ni c cc thm
thc vt.Tng nc ngm khu vc thng xuyn b cp bi nc sng Cha, h s
thm trung bnh k=0,267m/ngy.
Vic chuyn ti cht nhim vo mi trng nc ngm s kh xy ra do
moong khai thc thng xuyn c tho kh, nc ch tp trung ti h thu. H thu
c o trong nn nn ngn chn c kh nng thm ngc tr li.
3.1.3.4. nh gi tc ng n mi trng t
a) m thay i cnh quan a hnh do hot ng khai thc
Hot ng khai thc l thin ti mTn Thng cng nh cc m khai thc
l thin xung sus to a hnh m, ring d nc din tch khong 11,11ha, cote y
h l -40m.
nh gi: Tc ng ny khng th trnh khi trong khai thc v y cng l tc
ng lu di, cnh quan nguyn thy ca khu vc l ng bng thp ven bin, canh tc
nng nghip, s khng hi phc c nguyn dng.
) nhim mi trng t
nhim mi trng t xy ra trong phm vi m v ngoi m. Du m pht
sinh t qu trnh hot ng v sa cha cc thit b c gii ri vi s thm vo t.
Trn mt bng SCN, lp t mt b ph ln bi lp dy nn thiu iu kin c
thong kh, thm nc ma chy trn.
Vo ma ma s c nc ma cun tri cn , du m n nhng khu vc
thp lm nhim nhng ni ny. Bn cnh , qu trnh lm vic ca cn b cng
nhn vin trong m cng s pht sinh mt lng cht thi rn sinh hot, nu khng c
bin php qun l ph hp th y cng l mt ngun gy nhim mi trng t.
Tc ng ca cc cht nhim n mi trng t c c im din ra m
thmv tch ly dn. Tc ng c nhn nhn mc trung bnh v c th kim sot
c d dng. Tc ng dng li ti giai on hon th, phc hi mi trng khi bc
b lp t, ny v trng cy bn trn.
c) Tc ng mi trng do n mn ph
Hot ng n mn ph s to ra chn ng rung gy hi n cc cng trnh
xung quanh khu vc. Tc ng ny c tnh cht tc thi, khng th trnh khi. Phng
php n mn vi sai gim thiu c ti a lng thuc n ng thi nn gim c
chn ng. Da vo kt qu tnh ton cc khong cch an ton so vi bn knh an ton
quy nh th ngi v cng trnh ngoi phm vi 200-300m s khng b nh hng n
[17]. Tuy nhin, do on ng pha Ty m cch ranh d n khong 100m nn s b
nh hng.

96
3.1.3.5. nh gi tc ng n h ng vt - thc vt
- H sinh vt trn cn:
Kt qu kho st thc t ti khu vc d n cho thy hin ti trong khu vc
khng c cc loi ng vt - thc vt qu him. Loi cy ph bin l trm trng pha
Ty m c kh nng chu nhim cao. Khu vc ny khng phi l ni c tr hoc di
c ca cc loi ng vt. La canh tc theo ma, ch yu trong ma ma mi c nhiu
nc. Nc ma v nc sng Cha l ngun cp nc chnh cho nhu cu tuwowisi
tiu trong vng. Mc b tc ng thp do vy tc ng ny c th b qua. Cc
ngng nng cc cht nhim nh hng n thc vt nh sau:
+ Ccbon ioxit (CO
2
): CO
2
vi hm lng 0,03% trong kh quyn l nguyn
liu cho qu trnh quang hp sn xut nng sut sinh hc s cp cy xanh.
+ ioxit Sunfua (SO
2
): ioxit sunfua (SO
2
) l cht gy nhim khng kh c
nng thp trong kh quyn, tp trung ch yu tng i lu. SO
2
rt c hi i vi
sc kho ca ngi v sinh vt, gy ra cc bnh v phi kh ph qun. SO
2
trong
khng kh khi gp oxy v nc to thnh axit, tp trung trong nc ma gy ra hin
tng ma axit. nng 0,03 ppm SO
2
gy nh hng n s sinhtrng ca
cy. Bt u t nng 3 ppm, SO
2
c kh nng gy kch thch.
+ Cacbon monoxit (CO): CO c hnh thnh do vic t chy khng ht nhin
liu ho thch nh than, du v mt s cht hu c khc. CO khng c vi thc vt
v cy xanh c th chuyn ho CO => CO
2
v s dng n trong qu trnh quang hp.
V vy, thm thc vt c xem l tc nhn t nhin c tc dng lm gim nhim
CO.
- Nit oxit (N
2
O): N
2
O l loi kh gy hiu ng nh knh, c sinh ra trong
qu trnh t cc nhin liu ho thch. Hm lng ca n ang tng dn trn phm vi
ton cu, hng nm khong t 0,2 -,3%. N
2
O xm nhp vo khng kh s khng thay
i dng trong thi gian di, ch khi t ti nhng tng trn ca kh quyn n mi tc
ng mt cch chm chp vi nguyn t oxy. (Theo T chc Hnh ng v mi trng
- AfeoGroup)
Ln cn m cn c mt s din tch t canh tc cy nng nghip ngn ngy v
nhn nn s c nguy c b nh hng do bi t m lan truyn n.
- H sinh vt di nc:
Nc thi t m khng c nguy c cha cc cht nhim vi nng cao,
khng c kim loi nng hay du m nhiu nn an ton khi x thi ra ngun tip nhn.
Do vy, tc ng n h sinh vt di nc l khng ng k.
3.1.3.6. nh gi tc ng n sc khe lao ng, cng ng
Tc ng ca hot ng khai thc n sc khe cng ng ch yu l do bi,
ting n t hot ng khoan l mn, n mn, ch bin, xc bc - vn chuyn. Phm vi,
i tng b tc ng v cc bnh thng gp do hai tc nhn trn l:
a) Cc nh gy ra do nhim ting n
i tng b tc ng: cng nhn vn hnh my khoan, cng nhn ti cc trm
nghin sng v ti x l i tng d b tc ng nht, tc ng mc thng
xuyn 8h/ca/ngy. B nh hng nht l ti cc trm c cng sut ln.
Ting n lan truyn v mi hng nn nhng nh dn pha Bc cng b nh
hng. Tc ng n khu dn c s gim do ting n gim t l thun theo khong
cch lan truyn v b mi trng hp th.Qu trnh hot ng ca my mc thit b,
97
qu trnh n mn s pht sinh ting n, c bit l n mn ph s pht sinh ting n
kh ln.
- T cc kt qu nghin cu cho thy khi m lng vt qu 80dBA th bt u
nh hng xu n sc khe.
+ i vi h thn kinh, khi ting n cng cao th no s b c ch, lm
thay i hot ng phn x, gim tp trung, gim tr nh.
+ i vi h tim mch, nu ting n vt qu 80dBA th s nh hng xu n
h tun hon, tim p nhanh, ri lon nhp tim, tng huyt p.
- Khi m lng t 85dBA tr ln: i vi thnh gic, khi con ngi tip xc vi
ting n nhiu ln s lm cho tai mt mi, gy chng nng tai. Do vy, vi n d
kin ti tng khu vc khai thc, ch bin. Theo kt qu d tnh, cc cng nhn trc
tip vn hnh my o, t, trm nghin s b nh hng nhiu nht, c nguy c b
cc bnh v thnh gic nht.
) Cc nh gy ra do i pht sinh t hot ng m
- Bnh bi phi: do ht th bi trong khong thi gian tng i di dn n
phi b x, suy gim chc nng h hp. Bi c gc sc nhn lm rch nim mc,
gy vim mi, tit nhiu nim dch, ht th kh, dn n vim mi, gim chc nng lc
v gi bi ca mi.
- Bnh ng tiu ha do bi khi tri xung d dy s gy vim lot v lm
ri lon tiu ho.
Mi ngun pht sinh c mc nh hng khc nhau n sc khe cng ng.
Bi, ting n pht sinh t hot ng khoan l mn hu nh ch nh hng nhiu n
sc kho ca cng nhn trc tip khoan, do vy mc tc ng n sc khe cng
ng l rt t. Bi, ting n pht sinh t qu trnh n mn c khi lng v cng
ln, tuy nhin thi gian din ra rt ngn, tc ng c tnh cht tc thi do vy tc ng
tngun ny c th b qua. Bi, ting n pht sinh t hot ng xc bc, vn chuyn
c mc tc ng cng tng i thp do din phn b ca ngun ny kh rng v
kh nng pht tn ca bi khng xa. Tc ng do bi v ting n t hot ng ch bin
ti m l ln nht do thi gian pht sinh lin tc v thng xuyn.
Hu ht cc ngun gy tc ng n sc khe cng ng l thng xuyn (tr
hot ng n mn) v thi gian tc ng l thi gian d n hot ng. Tuy nhin hu
qu a n cho cc i tng b tc ng c tnh cht lu di. Nu c cha tr c
th hi phc c. Cc h dn sng ven ng vn chuyn, ngi hay i li trn cc
tuyn ng ny, cng nhn lao ng trc tip s c nguy c b mc bnh do bi cao
nht.
c) Tc ng do cc kh nhim
- SO
2
vo c th qua ng h hp hoc ha tan vo nc bt, ri qua ng
tiu ha vo mu tun hon. Khi tip xc vi nim mc m t, SO
2
to ra axt. SO
2

khi kt hp vi bi tothnhcc ht axt l lng, nu kchthc nh hn 2-3 mm s vo
ti ph nang hoc a n h thng bch huyt. SO
2
nhim c qua da gy s chuyn
ha lm gim d tr kim trong mu, o thi amoni qua nctiu v kim qua nc
bt.
- CO c kh nng gy nhng nh hng cp tnh n sc khe. CO c c tnh
cao, to mi lin kt bn vng vi hemoglobine trong mu, to ra
carboxyhemoglobine (COHb), lm gim kh nng vn chuyn xi ca mu ti cc c
98
quan trong c th. Ch mt lng CO nh ht vo c th cng c th gy ra lng
COHb ng k.
- CO
2
gy kh th v nh hng n b my h hp. Vi hm lng 5%, CO
2

c th gy kh th, nhc u; 10% CO
2
gy nn, i, bt tnh.
- Kh NO c mt s nh hng nht nh n sc khe con ngi, nhng khng
ng k so vi nh hng ca kh NO
2
. Vi nng thng c trong khng kh, NO
khng gy kch thch v khng c nh hng g n sc khe con ngi. Tip xc vi
kh NO
2
nng khong 5 ppm sau mt vi pht c th nh hng xu n b my
h hp, nng 15-50 ppm sau mt vi gi s nguy him cho phi, tim v gan,
nng 100 ppm c th gy t vong sau mt vi pht. Tip xc lu vi nng kh
NO
2
khong 0,06 ppm s gy trm trng thm cc bnh v phi.
- Cc hp cht hu c bay hi (VOCs) hay cc bua hydro (HC): Cc cht ny
thng t gy nhim c mn tnh m ch gy nhim c cp tnh nh suy nhc,
chng mt, say, sng ty mt, co git, ngt, vim phi, p xe phi, v.v. Mt s cht
cn c kh nng gy ung th.
e) Tc ng do rung v chn ng rung
y l khu vc nng thn, dn c tha tht, khng c nh my, x nghip no.
Mi hot ng ca phng tin sn xut v xy dng khng c gy ra mc rung
vt qu gii hn cho php tng ng nu trong Bng sau.
Bng 3. 41: Mc gia tc rung cho php trong hot ng sn xut cng nghip
Khu vc
Mc cho php v thi
gian p dng trong ngy,
dB
Mc rung o c khi n mn
6h - 18h 18h - 6h
Khu dn c xen k
trong khu vc
thng mi, dch v
v sn xut
70 65
55,5dB
(cch khong 300m, tham kho
theo bo co GSMT m Thng
Tn III, thng 6/2009 c quy m
t n tng t)
Ghi ch: Theo TCVN 6962 : 2001 Rung ng v chn ng - Rung ng do cc
hot ng xy dng v sn xut cng nghip - Mc ti a cho php i vi mi
trng khu cng cng v khu dn c.
Mc gia tc rung qui nh trong bng l:
1) Mc o c khi dao ng n nh, hoc
2) L trung bnh ca cc gi tr cc i i vi mi dao ng c o c chu
k hay ngt qung
3) L gi tr trung bnh ca 10 gi tr ln nht t 100 gi tr o c ca
mi 5 s hoc tng ng ca n ( L
10
) khi cc dao ng l bt qui tc v t ngt.
Vi lng thuc n cho mi t n ca d n khng qu 2.070kg/ln n m
bo khng nh hng n cc cng trnh dn dng xung quanh ranh m vi bn knh
ngoi 300m.Theo tnh ton th cc bn knh an ton i vi sng khng kh, sng va
p v chn ng u thp hn ngi 200-300m. Do vy, vi hin trng khu dn c
cch xa d n th hon ton khng chu nh hng ng k do hot ng n mn ti
m.

99
3.1.3.7. nh gi tc ng n giao thng vn ti
- Qu trnh khai thc v vn chuyn sn phm ca m i tiu th s c t
ri xung h thng giao thng cng cng, c th l trn ng ra vo m, ti im
giao l v trn ng QL55. Lm nh hng n hot ng i li ca cc phng tin
lu thng khc.
- Bn cnh , s gia tng mt xe c lu thng s lm xung cp h thng
ng giao thng cng cng, gy nguy c xy ra tai nn v nh hng n giao thng
ca a phng. Lng xe ra vo d tnh gia tng thm trn ng l 11lt xe/h,
khng tnh n xe ch t ph bn. Hin ti, tuyn giao thng ca d n l thun li,
QL55 c kh nng thng xe ln nn d n khng nh hng ng k n tnh hnh
giao thng hin ti ca khu vc.
3.1.3.8. nh gi tc ng n vn ha - lch s
D n trin khai trn khu vc hon ton mi. Trong din tch m moong v
SCN ca m khng c cng trnh vn ha, lch s hay cng trnh tn gio no.
Dn c sng ri rc dc theo QL55. Cc yu t gy nhim n mi trng
xung quanh bao gm xe c ra vo m lin tc, bi lan truyn theo hng gi, ting n
v chn ng lan truyn ra xung quanh. Cng tc xy dng mt bng c b tr
da trn cc c s sau nn gim thiu ng k n mi trng xung quanh.
- Ph hp vi cng ngh khai thc v ch bin thnh phm.
- Ph hp vi tin khai thc ca m.
- Ph hp vi phng n vn ti v tiu th sn phm. thnh phm c vn
chuyn bng ng b theo tuyn ng ln ca khu vc l QL55.
- m bo v sinh mi trng, an ton lao ng.
Nhng tc ng n yu t vn ha, lch s a phng l ng k trong giai
on d n hot ng v ht khi m ngng hot ng.X Thng Hi cng l mt x
vng xa ca huyn Hm Tn. Do vy, d n Tn Thngs lm thay i ng k b mt
nng thn vng.
3.1.3.9. nh gi tc ng n cng nghip - nng nghip
D n khai thc xy dng Tn Thng phc v nhu cu xy dng ca a bn
v cc tnh ln cn. Gin tip to thun li cho cc cng tnh xy dng dn dng v
cng nghip. y l mt yu t c li.
D n pht trin trn ti khu vc tha tht dn c nn thun li trong cng tc
n b, gii ta. Din tch chim t ca d n nh, ch gii ta mt s din tch hoa
mu mt v, cy nng nghip ngn ngy nn gi tr kinh t khng cao.
3.1.3.10. nh gi tc ng khi d n kt thc
Sau khi d n kt thc (16 nm k t khi c cp php), yu t b tc ng
mnh nht v khng th phc hi yu t cnh quan quanh khu vc b thay i to
thnh h su 45-50m so vi a hnh xung quanh, din tch ming h gn 12ha. Vic
li a hnh m s tc ng n cnh quan khu vc, s an ton cho ngi dn khi
quan li.
V l m l thin, khai thc xung su nn sau mt thi gian khi ngng khai
thc, nc ma ri vo v nc ngm chy vo thng h m xuyn s tch tr nc
to h. Yu t s ny s tc ng mi trng v cnh quan trong khu vc, tc ng
n iu kin thy vn trong vng v vi kh hu. Cc nh hng v ri ro bao gm:
100
- S b cp ngun nc ngm khi mc nc h cao hn mc nc ngm xung
quanh. Lu thng vi sng Cha, c th thit lp trm bm nc thy li ngay ti h
cp nc b sung cho hot ng sinh hot, ti tiu ca a phng.
- Ci to vi kh hu, gia tng m v lng bc hi. Vic kt hp mt nc v
cy sanh s to ra mi trng khng kh trong lnh, thch hp ci to thnh cc khu
nh vn. Cn nghim cm cc hnh vi bi li v h rt su, nc rt lnh.
- Gy nguy him cho ngi, phng tin, sc vt khi li gn. Hin nay ti khu
H gn i hc Quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh vn c tai nn xy ra do ngi
n tm b cht ui.
- Nguy c st l b, chuyn ti nhim vo ngun nc ngm: st l rt d xy
ra khi mc nc h dng cao ln n lp t yu, gy bo ha v to ra cc khi
trt l, xi mn.
3.1.5. D bo nhng ri ro, s c mi trng do d n gy ra
3.1.4.1. Ha hon v nguy c chy n
- N vt l: Trong thc t sn xut c th n khi p sut ca mi cht trong cc
thit b chu p lc, cc bnh cha kh nn, kh thin nhin ha lng ti xng sa cha
vt qu gii hn bn cho php ca v bnh hoc do thit b rn nt, phng mp, b n
mn do s dng lu v khng c kim nh. Khi thit b n s sinh cng rt ln lm
ph v cc vt cn v gy tai nn cho mi ngi xung quanh.
S c ny c nguy c xy ra cao ti xng c kh, lp xe ca cc thit b c
gii, xe ti cng c nguy c xy ra hin tng ny.
- N ha hc: L s bin i v mt ha hc ca cc cht din ra trong mt
thi gian rt ngn, vi mt tc rt ln to ra lng sn phm chy ln, nhit rt
cao v p lc ln lm hy hoi cc vt cn, gy tai nn cho ngi trong phm vi vng
n.
Cc cht c th gy n ha hc bao gm cc kh chy v bi khi chng hn hp
vi khng kh t n mt t l nht nh km theo c mi la th s gy n. Mi loi
kh chy n c th n c khi hn hp vi khng kh t c mt t l nht nh.
Khong gii hn n ca kh chy vi khng kh cng rng th s nguy him v
gii hn n ho hc cng tng.
S c ny c th xy ra khi x l vt liu n khng ng quy cch. Tuy nhin,
xc sut xy ra l rt thp do cng tc n mn ti m do n v chuyn trch m
nhim. Vt liu n s dng cho qu trnh khai thc c hp ng vi n v cung
ng vn chuyn v giao trc tip t kho cha nh cung cp (Ha Cht m) n khai
trng theo tng h chiu n mn.
- Ha hon
+ Kho cha nhin liu phc v cho thi cng, my mc, thit b k thut ( xng,
du DO...) l cc ngun gy chy n. Khi s c xy ra c th gy ra thit hi nghim
trng v ngi, kinh t v mi trng.
+ H thng cp in cho cc my mc, thit b thi cng c th gy ra s c git,
chp, chy n gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho cng nhn.
3.1.4.2. Cc thit b c khnguy him i vi ngi, tai nn lao ng
- Trong cc cng on khai thc c th xy ra tai nn lao ng khi s dng my
mc thit b khai thc, vn chuyn khng tun th theo quy trnh an ton lao ng.
101
- Cc b phn truyn ng v chuyn ng: nhng trc my, bnh rng, dy ai
chuyn v cc loi c cu truyn ng khc ca h thng nghin sn; s chuyn ng
ca bn thn my mc nh: t, my trc, to nguy c cun, cn, kp, ct Tai
nn gy ra c th lm cho ngi lao ng b chn thng hoc cht.
- Ngun in: Theo tng mc in p v cng dng in to nguy c in
git, in phng, in t trng, chy do chp in; lm t lit h thng h hp, tim
mch. Ti m s dng ngun in 3 pha sn xut nn c in cp rt cao.
-Vt vng bn: Thng gp l phoi ca my gia cng nh: my mi, my tin
hoc do vng bn khi p , vng khi n mn.
nh gi: cc my thi cng u thuc my cng nghip nng, cng sut ln s
dng ngun in cao p nn hu qu khi xy ra ti nn l rt ln, thm ch gy nguy
him n tnh mng cho nhiu ngi. Trong cc cng on khai thc c th xy ra tai
nn lao ng khi s dng my mc thit b khai thc, vn chuyn khng tun th theo
quy trnh an ton lao ng.
3.1.4.3. Tim nng gy ra cc ha cht c hi
xy dng, t ph ti m khng cha cc cht c hi, khng c cht phng
x (hoc cng phng x rt thp) [17]. Theo cng ngh khai thc, ch bin
c p dng th khng pht sinh ra cc cht c hi c bit nguy him hay cht c
c ti lng ln ngoi tr cc kh thi khi s dng ng c t trong, n mn. Thuc
n ti m s dng l loi ANFO v nh tng nn c nh gi l nhng phng
tin n an ton cho mi trng hin nay.
Trong qu trnh sa cha, lu tr, s dng nhin liu du, xng pht sinh du
nht thi b, cc loi gi lau nhim du. Cc loi pin, cquy, n tup hng cng c
cha cc thnh phn c hi nh Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg
Do vy, d n c nh gi t c tim nng gy ra cc cht c hi, khng
pht sinh cc dng thi acid nn t gy nguy c n sc khe lao ng v mi trng.
3.1.4.4. Cc cng trnh v, h hng
- Cc hin tng trt l b moong khai thc c th xy ra khi khng m bo
gc dc b moong khai thc, chiu cao tng khai thc khng m bo theo thit k s
c nguy c lm mt n nh b moong khai thc, gy trt l.
-Vt ri, , sp: Thng l hu qu ca trng thi vt cht khng bn vng,
khng n nh gy ra nh sp bng ti, vt ri t trn cao trong xy dng; tng,
ct in, trm ch bin; cy bt gc
- Vt vng, bn: khi n mn vng vi nhiu kch thc d lm h hng trm
bm thot nc.
3.1.4.5. S c st ln, h thp mc nc ngm
- Hin tng nc lm ngp lng moong khai thc nu khng c bin php tho
kh m thch hp hoc khi ma ln nhiu ngy lin tc.Nc chy vo moong qu
nhiu gy qu ti h thng bm tho kh, gy ngp lng moong v nhn chm cc thit
b bn di, nh hng n an ton thit b v hot ng sn xut.
- S c st, ln do h thp mc nc ngm hay b tr cc thit b, cng trnh
trn nn t yu.
- H thp mc nc ngm do m moong xung su v tho kh m: Ti moong
khai thc xung su qu mc nc ngm, nc ngm chy vo thng xuyn nn hnh
thnh phu h thp mc nc. y phu ngang bng vi cote y moong, bn knh
102
phu c d tnh ln nht l 426m. nh hng n vic s dng nc sinh hot ca
dn ch yu din ra ti khu vc bin gii m, tuy nhin do gn khu vc bin m khng
c dn c nn tc ng ny l khng ln.
3.1.4.6. nh hng HST do hin tng ph dng ha
Hin tng ph dng ha c nguy c xy ra khi phc hi mi trng d kin
ci to h moong thnh h cha nc. Khi nc h khng c iu kin lu thng vi
cc ngun nc khc nh sui, sng, ao h ng thi h qu su (cote-40m) gy ra
iu kin thiu nh sng, him kh to l mi trng thun li cho to pht trin. D
kin khi tch nc to h, s cho lu thng vi sng Cha, ngun cp nc cho h l
nc ma v nc ngm nn t c nguy c xy ra hin tng ny.
3.1.4.7. Kh nng st l b m, ri
Khu vc m c iu kin a cht cng trnh n gin. t ph trong m mng,
ch yu l st bt, ct bt ln sn, mnh ngun gc phong ha, c tnh n nh
tng i, khng nh hng n qu trnh khai thc. Vi cc c trng trn, cc hin
tng a cht ng lc ch yu bao gm:
a. Hin tng trt l b moong khai thc trong lp ph
Lp ph trong phm vi m c cu to bi cc lp t c tnh cht c l tng
t nhau, gm st bt ct ln sn si v mnh . Do khi khai thc xung su v tc
dng ca trng lc lm cho t ph c th trt xung lng moong khai thc, gy
nguy him cho ngi v thit b khai thc di moong. Khi tin hnh bc lp t ph,
gc dc b moong phi nh hn gc dc an ton cho php. Trong qu trnh khai thc,
cn thit phi c bin php trng cy xanh dc bin gii khai trng gia c b
moong, tng sc chng trt ca t.
Ao x cng c o trong nn t ph nn c nguy c xy ra hin tng ny.
Ao kh rng v su nn d gy nguy him c ngi v sc vt khi li gn.
b. Hin tng st l b moong khai thc trong
Hin tng ny xy ra khi khai thc trong vi gc dc b moong ln. Di
tc dng ca trng lc, s ln trt xung lng moong khai thc. Vi c trng ca
cc i dp v, i khe nt nn hn ch cc hin tng ny, gc dc b moong
khai thc phi nh hn gc dc an ton cho php, ng thi chiu cao tng khai thc
phi tun theo theo cc thng s thit k m. Khi kt thc khai thc, cc tng khai thc
s c chp tng vi chiu cao tng kt thc trong gc l 20m.
H thu nc c o trong nn . Gc dc b h thu nc o bng gc dc
b dng (80
o
) nn an ton, khng c nguy c trt l. V h thu nc su 10 nn rt
nguy him cho ngi lm vic di moong nu li gn, ri, ng xung.
3.2. NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI
- nh gi tc ng n mi trng khng kh:
y l i tng d b tc ng mnh nht. Nhn chung vic nh gi tc ng
n mi trng khng kh trong bo co TM l kh y v c th cho tng ngun
gy tc ng trong cc giai on thc hin ca d n. Tuy nhin, vn cn hn ch
trong phng php tnh ton nng bi ti cc ngun pht sinh cha m bo tnh
chnh xc cao do cc ngun thi n lp, phn tn v thiu ti liu nh gi ti lng
chnh xc. Bo co d tnh nng bi ti bi khoan, bi n mn v bi ch bin
da vo m hnh ton hc. y l m hnh ch mc tng ti khi m phng tnh ton
nng bi so vi cc m hnh Gauss, Berliand [1].
103
- nh gi tc ng n mi trng nc:
nh gi ch mc nh tnh. Bo co xc nh c i tng b nh
hng chnh l sng Cha v ngun nc ngm. Bo co xc nh c phm vi
nh hng do s c h thp mc nc ngm.
- nh gi tc ng n mi trng t:
nh gi c th v khng gian v thi gian tc ng ln mi trng t da vo
lch khai thc ti m. Cc tc ng c tin cy khi da vo cc tc nhn c nguy c
gy nhim mi trng t: kt qu phn tch ICP v kim loi nng, kt qu t bo
co thm d. Ch mi c tnh c lng cht thi, nc thi v du m khi bo tr
phng tin pht sinh, cha d tnh c c th lng cht nhim gia nhp vo mi
trng t v d bo cc tc ng lu di. Thi gian b nh hng ch mi c khng
nh l trong thi gian m hot ng, cha xc nh thi gian tn lu cc cht nhim
trong t.
- nh gi cc tc ng n sc khe cng ng, lao ng:
lit k c th tng ngun gy nhim gy tc ng c th xy ra khi trin
khai d n. nh gi ch dng li mc xc nh c cc i tng c nguy c b
tc ng. Cc tc ng nh hng ph bin n i sng, sc khe ca cng ng dn
c quanh m v cui hng gi.
- nh gi tc ng n ti nguyn sinh vt:
nh gi l c c s da trn iu tra hin trng m v khu vc ln cn. Cha
nh gi c th phm vi v mc tc ng donc thi t m n HST thy sinh
sng Cha. nh gi ch mc tin cy khi da vo c trng cht lng nc thi
ca loi hnh khai thc xy dng l thin, v cc kt qu gim st mi trng nh
k.
- Tc ng n cc iu kin kinh t:
nh gi nhn ra mt li cho kinh t a phng khi trin khai d n.
- Tc ng n x hi:
nh gi ch dng li mc nhn xt da vo cng tc thc a, thng k cc
cng trnh vn ha, tn gio xung quanh m. tin cy c nhn nhn da vo v tr
ca d n trong khu vc, quy hoch pht trin ca a phng v quy m hot ng.
c im vn ha lch s khu vc l n gin. Ngi dn hai bn ng ra vo m
v nhng h gn m, cui hng gi s b tc ng ch yu. Mc tc ng l thay
i v khng ging nhau.
- Tc ng n mi trng cnh quan:
Tc ng c mc gia tng, cng hng. Tuy nhin, vic khai thc l ph hp
vi quy hoch ca a phng.
- Cc ri ro, s c mi trng c kh nng xy ra:
lit k c cc ri ro, s c mi trng v tai nn xy ra trong qu trnh
khai thc, ch bin ti m.
104
CHNG 4
CC BIN PHP GIM THIU TC NG XU, PHNG
NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG

4.1. GIAI ON XDCB - NM 1
4.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong giai on XDCB
Gim thiu i khi m va, o t p my xay:
- S dng cc my thi cng cn mi, t khi thi gy nhim.
- Lng t, thi pht sinh c s dng ngay nn hu nh khng pht sinh
bi. Khi vn chuyn t thi phi s dng bt che, ti thm nc gim bi trong
nhng ngy nng nng, gi ln.
Gim thiu CTR pht sinh:
- Bn lm vt liu san lp theo nhu cu trong khu vc.
- S dng ci to ng vn chuyn ni m, p mi v gia c bao quanh
moong, p cu cn, b trm nghin.
- gim thiu tc ng do t ph, ton b lng pht sinh c gom v bi
thi tm rng 1ha cha ton b lng t ph pht sinh.
X l nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn vin ti m c x l bng h thng
b t hoi ci tin Bastaf. y l b phn ng k kh vi cc vch ngn mng v ngn
lc k kh dng hng ln, c chc nng x l nc thi sinh hot v cc loi nc
thi khc c thnh phn tnh cht tng t nh nc thi sinh hot.
Quy trnh cng ngh, thit b ca BASTAF:
Nguyn tc, nc thi c a vo ngn th nht ca b, c vai tr lm ngn
lng - ln men k kh, ng thi iu ha lu lng v nng cht bn trong dng
nc thi. Nh cc vch ngn hng dng, nhng ngn tip theo, nc thi chuyn
ng theo chiu t di ln trn, tip xc vi cc vi sinh vt k kh trong lp bn hnh
thnh y b trong iu kin ng, cc cht bn hu c c cc vi sinh vt hp th
v chuyn ha, ng thi, cho php tch ring 2 pha (ln men axit v ln men kim).
BASTAF cho php tng thi gian lu bn, nh vy hiu sut x l tng trong khi
lng bn cn x l li gim. Cc ngn cui cng l ngn lc k kh, c tc dng lm
sch b sung nc thi, nh cc vi sinh vt k kh gn bm trn b mt cc ht ca lp
vt liu lc, v ngn cn l lng tri ra theo nc.
- Tiu chun t c: S dng b BASTAF x l nc thi sinh hot cho
php t hiu sut tt, n nh (Hiu sut x l trung bnh theo hm lng cn l lng
SS, nhu cu oxy ha hc COD, nhu cu oxy sinh ha BOD
5
t 70 - 75%). So vi cc
b t hoi thng thng trong iu kin lm vic tt, BASTAF c hiu sut x l cao
hn gp 2 - 3 ln. u im ca cng ngh, thit b:
+ B BASTAF c c ch vn hnh n gin, hiu sut x l cao v n nh.
+ Chi ph u t xy dng thp. Khng tn chi ph vn hnh do khng s dng
in nng, ha cht, vv...
+ Hin nay BASTAF c p dng sn xut quy m cng nghip, lng
ngh, quy m cc h gia nh.
105
+ Yu cu k thut trong lp t, vn hnh n gin, tng ng vi vic lp
t, vn hnh cc b t hoi (b pht) thng thng
Bng 4. 1: Cc thng s thit k b t hoi ci tin
S ngi s dng S ngn cha S ngn c dng
hng ln
S ngn lc k kh c
dng hng ln
65 1 2-3 2
+ Thng s thit k b t hoi p dng cho khu vn phng ca m nh Bng
4.2. Ngn lc vi vt liu lc l than x. Dung tch t ca b l 17,1m
3
, lng nc
thi pht sinh trung bnh 4,74m
3
/ngy nn thi gian lu nc ca b l khong 4 ngy.
Bng 4. 2: Bng tnh kch thc ti thiu ca b t hoi xut
S ngi
s dng N,
ngi
Chiu cao
lp nc
H
, m

Chiu
rng b
B,
m
Chiu di
ngn th
nht L1,
m
Chiu di
ngn th
hai L2, m

Dung
tch t
V
, m
3

Dung tch
n v
m
3
/ngi

65 1,6 1,8 4,5 1,4 17,1 0,34
Ghi ch:
- Kch thc theo bng l kch thc ti thiu, khng k n chiu dy vch
ngn hng dng v tng ngn, thnh b.
- N: s ngi s dng b, giai on XDCB c thm 20 ngi nhng sinh hot
khng thng xuyn nn vn m bo.
- H t: chiu su lp nc trong b, m
- B: Chiu rng b, m
- L1, L2, L3, L4, L5: chiu di cc vch ngn dng hng ln v ngn lc k
kh, m
+ V nc sau b t hoi vn cn nhiu vi sinh nn cn c kh trng. Do vy,
s b tr 1 b kh trng ngay sau b t hoi, kiu b c vch hng dng nhm ha
trn nc thi vi ha cht kh trng gc clo. Ha cht c chm nh lng t bn
cha.
Hnh 7: S nguyn l x l nc thi sinh hot

+ Phng n x l bn cn: nh k hng nm cc Ch u t s thu Cng ty
Dch v Mi trng th huyn Hm Tn n ht v mang i x l theo quy nh.
Nc sau b c mt phn cho thm qua h thm c lp ct lc, mt phn dng ti
cy.
+ Cng tc kim tra, vn hnh: Ti thiu 6 thng 1 ln phi kim tra tnh trng
lm vic ca b: kim tra cc ng ng, tng v vch ngn, np b, kim tra mc
nc, chiu dy ln vng cn v lp bn trong cc ngn b, s xut hin cc vt nt,
r r, st ln Vic kim tra cng thc hin ngay khi trc v sau khi ht bn b.
+ Tin h thc hin: xy dng ngay khi m i vo XDCB.
Cc cng tc khc:
Nc sinh hot B Bastaf Ngn kh trng Nc sau x l
106
- To rnh thot nc (rng 1m, su 1-1,5m) quanh khu ch bin dn nc
ra tuyn thot nc chung pha Ty ca m. Tng chiu di 425m, khi lng t o
500m
3
.
- Ci to li tuyn ng pha Ty m: tha thun vi a phng v cc c
quan chc nng nn chnh tuyn ng pha Ty m, m bo cch m ti thiu
100m. Chiu di on ng nn chnh mi l 400m. Kinh ph do Cng ty b vn xy
dng.
- To tuyn mng thot nc ra sui: di 75m bt u t ao x ra sng Cha.
Thi gian o d kin khong 1 ngy.
- Cc bin php gim thiu nhim pht sinh khi khai thc, ch bin c
p dng nh trnh by ti Mc 4.2.
4.1.2. Cc bin php phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng trong giai on
XDCB
- C gii ha cc cng on lp dng trm nghin sn, my bin p: dng cn
cu, xe ti
- Lp t cc bin bo khi thi cng: dng loi bin bo ct thp, sn phn quang
nn . Bin c lp t ti cc v tr khi thi cng hoc nhng ni nguy him, c in
p ln (trm bin p), d bt la (kho du).
- Lp t bin nguy him, bin bo h su, d st, trt dc theo bao quanh
moong. Loi bin b tng khng ct thp. Khong cch t bin bo l 200m-
300/bin. Ni dung bin bo ghi ch chm, nt su, ghi r su moong v dc b
moong.
- Cm ngi li gn cc my thi cng nh my o, cn cu. Trang b y
cc phng tin BHL.D n c 40 lao ng trc tip nn s b qun o bo h lao
ng cn cung cp l 40 b. Ngoi ra cn c m, giy bo h cho nhng ai ra cng
trng.
- Nhm ngn nga ti nn in khi u ni, cn thc hin ng cc quy tc an
ton in. n v thi cng phi l n v c chuyn mn.
- Nhm phng trnh st do ma dng, ti m xy dng ct thu li chng st
cho nh ca trong khu vn phng: Trng ct thu li cc khu vc cao ti SCN
trnh st nh, ti khu vn phng m.
4.2. GIAI ON KHAI THC T NM 2 N NM 15
4.2.1. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng xu trong giai on khai thc
4.2.1.1. Cc bin php gim thiu bi
a. Cc bin php gim thiu bi t moong khai thc
- Bin php 1: S dng bin php khoan t gim bi ti cc l khoan ca
my BMK-5, my khoan con. nh mc cp nc trung bnh l 10 lt nc/m khoan.
Bng 4. 3: D tnh lng nc phc v cng tc khoan t
Nm
S mt khoan
(m/nm)
S my
khoan
Khi lng nc cn thit (lt/ca)
m
3
/nm m
3
/ my.nm
Nm 1 12.897 2 128,97 64,49
Nm 2-15 25.796 2 257,96 128,98
Nm 16 15.581 2 155,81 77,91
Cng trnh h tr bao gm:
107
+ Bn nc di ng: 1m
3
loi bng nha hoc st t ti bi khoan. Di chuyn
bng xe ti hoc th cng. Nhm tng tnh c ng nn s chn 2 bn loi 500 lt.
+ Xe bn cp nc: xe nhn nc t h thu, ch n cp nc cho bn. Xe ny
ng thi m nhn cng vic ti nc ng vn chuyn di moong. Giai on
u khi cha c nc trong h thu th s dng nc t sng Cha. Xe bn c d
tnh vo thit b phc v sn xut ti m.
+ Dn nc t bn v cc my khoan theo phng thc t chy, c van x iu
khin, loi ng mm.
- Bin php 2: Nhm ngn bi pht tn t moong khai thc ra xung quanh theo
hng gi, Cng ty s cho trng cy xanh quanh moong, dc theo bao. S lng
cy trng c th nh Bng 4.4.
+ Mt : trng hp trng theo hng,mt trng cy l 1 cy/1m di to
mt ken dy. Trng hp trng trn din tch ln nh ai an ton, khu ch bin v
quanh moong, b tr h trng vi khong cch hng vi hng l 3m, cy vi cy l 2m.
Bng 4. 4: D tnh lng cy trng hon chnh trong giai on khai thc
STT Khu vc Din
tch/chu vi
Phn
trm cy
xanh
Din tch
trng cy
B sung
(cy)
1 Khu ch bin 26.800 15% 4.020 670
2 Khu nh vn phng 200 25% 50 8
3 Moong khai thc 111.100 10% 11.110 1.852
4 bao, ai an ton 3.475 100% 3.475 579
5 ng vn chuyn
ngoi m (trng 2 bn) 100 1 cy/m 200
200
Tng 138.900

18.855 3.309
+ Loi cy: d kin l trmbng vng.
+ Tin thc hin: Trng b sung hng nm, mua cy ging t cc vn m
trong khu vc.Khi cy trm tui (khong 8 nm) th bt u cht khai thc v trng
thay th.
+ B phn m nhn: hp ng thu khong trng hoc do lao cng ca m
trng v chm sc, nc ti s ly t ging khoang hoc nc bm ln t moong.
Cy non s c chm sc, bn phn thng xuyn. Trng dm hoc thay th cy yu,
cht.
- Bin php 3: Trong khu n mn, Cng ty s s dng thuc n c cn bng
oxy gn bng khng nh Anfo, Nh tng nn hn ch c kh c hi thi vo mi
trng khng kh.
nh gi bin php s dng
- Bin php 1: c u im d thc hin, l bin php gim thiu bi ti ngun
pht sinh do vy c hiu qu cao [2]. Cng tc di chuyn cc bn cha nc cng gp
kh khn do a hnh m.
- Bin php 2: u im n gin, d thc hin. S c nhiu li ch ngoi vic
gim thiu bi pht tn ra mi trng xung quanh nh to bng mt, chn gi,
+ Mc kh thi: y cng l bin php d p dng. Tuy nhin, cy trng ch
gim c phn no lng bi pht tn, khng hn ch c bi pht sinh ti ngun.
Khi cy xanh c trng y nh d kin, s gim c cc hng mc thc hin
108
khi phc hi, ci to mi trng say ny. La chn trng vo nm th 2 sau khi
thc hin xy dng c bn hon chnh.
+ Nhc im: tn nhiu chi ph (mua cy, chm sc cy) trong thi gian u
nhng s c tc dng ng k khi cy c 2-3 tui.
+ u im: cy trm n 7-8 nm tui s cho thu hoch, thu c mt s li
nhun b sung kinh ph trng cy mi.
- Bin php 3: phng php ny hin ang c khuyn khch s dng, t pht
sinh cc cht c hi.
Mc kh thi: phng php n vi sai lm gim chn ng, bn knh pht tn
bi cng s gim hn so vi cc phng php n p, n l khoan thng thng. m
bo mt lng bi ng k sa lng trong khu vc n mn do gim lng thuc n n
cng lc.
La chn: p dng c 3 bin php trn t hiu qu gim thiu nhim bi
cao nht.
b. Gim thiu bi ti cc trm nghin, bi cha thnh phm
Trong qu trnh ch bin, bi s pht sinh khi vn chuyn nguyn liu, ti
cc hm p, hm nghin v u bng ti. c im ca bi l nng, kh, thm t
tt. V vy, Cng ty s dng bin php:
- Bin php 1: Phun nc ti cc v tr pht sinh bi, c th nh sau:
+ Phun nc lm t nguyn liu ngay sau khi vo hm p.
+ Phun sng cao p lm t ti hm cn, Ti cc u bng ti, phun lm
t sn phm bi khng lan ta ra xung quanh.
+ Ngun cung cp nc: nc t h thu hoc nc ngm. S nguyn l cp
nc trm nghin nh sau:
Hnh 8: S nguyn l h thng cp nc trm nghin

Ghi ch: Cc trm trn s l cc trm ch bin trong sn cng nghip
Nc cung cp cho hot ng gim bi ti khu ch bin c ti s dng t
lng nc tho kh ca m. Nc t ao x c bm (bm 2) a v phn phi ln 2
b cha (bn 1 v bn 2) cp nc cho cc trm nghin. Bn 1 cp nc cho trm
s 1 v trm s 2. Bn 2 cp nc cho trm ch bin s 3 v s 4. Nc t bn 1 c
bm cao p 3-1 cp nc phun sng cho mi trm. Tng t bm cao p 2 cng bm
nc t bn 2 cp cho trm 3 v trm 4.
Trm 1
Trm 2
Trm 3
Trm 4
Bm 3-1
Bm 3-2
Bn 1
Bn 2
Bm
Trm bm 1
H thu
Ao x X thi
109
Tng khi lng nc s dng phun nc chng bi ti cc my nghin
sng c tnh ton nh sau:
Bng 4. 5: D tnh lng nc s dng phun nc gim bi ti trm nghin
Nm
S lng trm
ch bin
Sn lng Khi lng nc cn thit (m
3
/ca)
(m
3
/nm) Ma ma (*) Ma kh (**)
Nm 1 4 140.000 4.200 7.000
Nm 2-15
4 280.000 8.400 14.000
Nm 16
4 170.979 5.129 8.549
Ghi ch:
(*): c lng khi lng nc s dng cho ma kh: 50lt/m
3
sn phm.
(**): c lng khi lng nc s dng cho ma ma: 30lt/m
3
sn phm
Vy cn c 2 bn cha nc ti cc trm ny (bn 1, bn 2). Dng 1 bm
a nc t ao v cc bn cha. Ti y, nc ng thi c cp cho bm phun
sng v ti ln nguyn liu khi d ti t xe vo phu tip nhn nh cc bm
thnh phn lp ti cc trm, tc l cc h thng phun sng.
- Bin php 2: trnh gi mang bi t moong, trm ch bin, bi pht tn
ra xa, Cng ty cho trng cy xung quanh khu vc ch bin ngn bi pht tn t khu
ch bin, bi thnh phm ra xung quanh v lm mt khng kh trong khu vc.
Trng 2 hng cy so le nhau theo chu vi. T l cy xanh chim khong 15%.
nh gi bin php p dng:
u im: Bin php 1 gim thiu c lng pht thi ti ngun, bin php 2
c s dng ti hu ht cc m trong khu vc Bnh Thun, ng Nai. Kt qu
l gim ng k lng bi sinh ra do hot ng ch bin v ng thi ngn c
1 phn bi pht tn ra xung quanh. Cy xanh xung quanh ngoi chc nng ngn bi,
chn gi cn to m quan, bng mt quanh m.
Mc kh thi: Trong iu kin hin nay, phng php a ra trn l kh thi
nht, hiu qu x l cao, gi thnh r. Tnh hiu qu th hin ngay khi bin php c
trin khai p dng.
La chn: Tin hnh phun nc theo bin php 1 v trng cy xanh b sung
theo bin php 2.
c. Bin php hn ch nhim bi trn ng vn chuyn
- Bin php 1: S dng t bn phun nc h thng ng vn chuyn trong
nhng ngy nng. Tuyn ng phun nc ch yu l ng t moong khai thc v
khu ch bin, ti ng t khu ch bin ra QL55, ti trn mt bng bi cha
thnh phm. nh mc s dng 2,5-5 lt/m
2
(TCXDVN 33-2006); tn sut ti nc
trong ma ma l 2ln/ngy, ma kh l 4ln/ngy.
Nc c ly t h thu nc trong moong khai thc bng my bm hoc xe
bn. S dng 1 xe bn 9-10m
3
/xe.Tng khi lng nc s dng phun nc chng
bi trn ng vn chuyn d tnh nh bng sau:
Bng 4. 6: D tnh lng nc s dng phun nc chng bi trn VC.
ng vn chuyn
Chiu di
(m)
Din tch
ti (m
2
)
S xe
bn
Khi lng nc cn
thit (m
3
/ca)
Ma ma Ma kh
Sn cng nghip
27.000 13.500 1 68 270
Ra QL51
2.000 2.000 1 10 40
110
ng vn chuyn
Chiu di
(m)
Din tch
ti (m
2
)
S xe
bn
Khi lng nc cn
thit (m
3
/ca)
Ma ma Ma kh
Ni b
6.000 15.000 1 75 300
nh mc dng trong ma kh 5lt/m
2
, 4ln/ngy
nh mc dng trong ma ma 2,5lt/m
2
, 2ln/ngy
- Bin php 2: Quy nh xe vn chuyn thnh phm phi c bt che kn
thng trnh t ri vi, bi theo gi thc ln v tt ra xung quanh.
- Bin php 3: Cng ty cam kt bn ng ti trng ca phng tin vn
chuyn gim bi trn tuyn ng vn chuyn. Tt c cc xe ra phi qua trm cn.
Cng tc gim st cng c thc hin qua nht k xe qua trm.
nh gi in php p dng
- Bin php 1 cho thy c hiu qu ng k gim thiu bi ti nhiu cng
trnh khai thc m.Khi ti s to lp nc dy khong 2,5-5mm bn trn b mt s
to c lp nc dy sau khi lp mng b bc hi nhanh chng cn lp bn di
thm t cc thnh phn bi.
- Bin php 2 v 3 c th gim c lng bi pht sinh tc gim thiu nhim
ti ngun.
- Cng ty ch ng p dng Bin php 2 ti cng trng nhng khng c
thun li do on ng di chuyn t cng trng v bi ch bin kh ngn, xe bc
d ti lin tc v khi xe ch sn phm i tiu th, chy ra ngoi khu vc m Cng ty
khng th ch ng p dng. Do vy, cn phi c s hp tc gia khch hng, Cng ty
v vic kim tra ca c quan qun l c thm quyn.
4.2.1.2. Bin php gim thiu nhim do kh thi
gim thiu s nhim do kh thi gy ra, Cng tythc hin cc bin php
sau:
- iu phi xe ti ra vo hp l, trnh gy ch tc trn ng vn ti trong v
ngoi m. Ti giao l ng QL55slp t tr n iu khin giao thng bo tn hiu
gim tc khi bng qua ng.
- S dng xe vn cn nin hn s dng, xe c ng kim c bin php
i tu, sa cha thit b. La chn loi xng, du c hm lng lu hunh thp.
- M s dng thuc n l Anfo v nh tng nn to cc sn phm kh n an
ton.
- La chn mt pht in cn mi, s dng nhin liu du DO c hm lng
lu hunh thp (0,05%S); t xa khu vn phng, t trong v cch n, c b my chc
chn.
nh gi in php p dng
Nhc im: Cc bin php trn ch c th gim thiu tc ng, tuy nhin tnh
kh thi khng cao. Khng lm gim tng ti lng kh pht thi i vi ton b d n.
u im: Gim ti lng kh pht sinh tp trung vo mt thi im, gp phn
ci thin iu kin vi kh hu.
nh gi cng ty la chn bin php trng cy xanh nn cy xanh gp
phn hp thu v chuyn ha kh thi, gim mc nhim ca khng kh trong khu
vc m v xung quanh.

111
4.2.1.3. Bin php khng ch nhim do cht thi rn
a. Cht thi rn thng thng (t, ph)
Bin php 1: t ph, bn phong ha u c lu ti bi thi tm. Mt
phn s dng p bao, sa cha ng ni b hoc bn lm vt liu san
lp.Ring t ph giu mn, dinh dng c lu li ti bi thi s dng cho hon
th SCN sau ny.
nh gi phng php p dng u im l ti s dng hiu qu CTR pht
sinh, nhng vn m bo nhu cu sn xut, xy dng ti m v kh nng lu cha t
thi ca bi thi ti m. Lp t hu c bn trn s c lu li phc v cho cng
tc trng cy khi kt thc khai thc.
Tnh kh thi: lng t ph, bn phong ha hin ti l rt t, ch m bo nhu
cu s dng hin ti ca m, mt phn c th bn lm VL san lp. Tuy nhin, trnh
p ti bi thi tri theo nc ma gy hoang ha t rung, bi lp cc knh mng
rung th cn thc hin cc bin php:
- m nn t ti bi thi tm, thi theo cao tng t 5-7m, mi dc 45
o
.
- Dng hc p b cao 0,5m quanh chn bi thi trnh c hin tng t
thi tri theo ma lm hoang ha vc nc hay rung nh dn.
b. Cht thi nguy hi
-Bin php 1: tp trung cc thit b h hng v xng sa cha. Trong trng
hp khng tp trung v c th sa cha ti ch, b tr 1 thng phuy c np y ti
ch cha du thi, gi lau nhim du.Sau khi hon thnh tp kt v bi cha n
v x l n thu gom.
- Bin php 2: Cng ty thu gom ton b CTNH pht sinh trong khu vc m
qun l v lu gi ring. Cng ty s tin hnh lm th tc ng k qun l cht thi
nguy hi i vi ch ngun thi theo quy nh.Vy s dng 3 phuy cha nht thi
(3x200=600 lt) v 2 thng cha gi lau.
Tin thc hin: trin khai ngay khi i vo khai thc, b sung nh k hoc
thay mi khi cn thit
- Bin php 3: hp ng vi n v c chc nng x l CTNH theo Thng t
s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT.
- Bin php 4: thu gom, dn dp nh xng cui ngy, trnh ri vi sang
ngy hm sau.
nh gi phng php p dng
- Bin php 1: u im l ti s dng hiu qu CTR pht sinh, khng cn bi
thi c din tch ln nhng vn m bo nhu cu sn xut, xy dng ti m.
Tnh kh thi:nhu cu VL san lp khu vc cng kh cao.
- Bin php 2: c u im l thu gom trit rc thi ti nhng v tr xa kho
cha, m bo khng vt b lung tung, tn dung c cc loi thng phuy cha du
thi b s dng li.
- Bin php 3: Cc bin php ra m bo qun l c cht thi ti ngun:
tch ring cc loi cht thi qun l, kim sot v qun l cht thi thng thng v
cht thi nguy hi pht sinh ti m l phng php rt d p dng ng thi gim chi
ph x l.
112
Mc kh thi: Cng ty c th chun b dng c thu gom v mt bng
lu gi lng cht thi nguy hi pht sinh trong khi ch hp ng vi n v c chc
nng x l. Kinh ph xy dng kho cha khong 10 triu ng/kho.
- Bin php 4: cc n v c cp php vn chuyn, x l CTNH hin nay
kh nng thu gom v x l CTNH theo ng quy nh. Chi ph x l chp nhn
c.
a chn: Cng ty thc hin c 4 bin php trn.
c. Cht thi rn sinh hot
- Bin php 1: Trong khu vc m b tr cc thng cha rc lu gi cht thi
sinh hot. Cc v tr b tr gm:b tr 1 thng 15 lt ti Vn phng lm vic, 1 thng 95
lt ti nh n, nh ngh. Vy tng dung tch cha ti m l 110 lt (khong 0,11m
3
),
m bo lu cha c 2 -3 ngy.
nh gi: rc thi pht sinh khong 26kg/ngy nn cc thng rc cha c
hn 2 ngy, m bo thi gian i v sinh n tip nhn 2 ngy/ln.
- Bin php 2:Cng ty s tip tc hp ng Cng ty dch v mi trng v
th huyn Hm Tn thu gom v x l ng quy nh. Tn sut thu gom: 1-2 ngy/ln
m bo rc khng b phn hy gy mi.
- Bin php 3: Phn loi giy ti ch ch yu t nh vn phng lm vic bn
giy vn gim lng rc thi phi x l. Khi lng ny khng nhiu do cng tc vn
phng (xut bn, in n) ti m t.
nh gi bin php p dng:
- Bin php 1: c u im thu gom c rc thi ngay khi pht sinh ch n
v x l n thu gom.
Tnh kh thi: Ring cc ti x, ph xe ti thng xuyn di chuyn, iu kin
lm vic nng nc nn hay ung nc gii kht b bch nn hay vt lung tung. Do
vy, hiu qu ph thuc vo thc cn b cng nhn vin v ni quy, k lut ca
Cng ty xut. pht huy hiu qu, cng ty nn b tr lao cng khi qut dn ri
vi ng thi thu dn lun cc loi rc ny. Ring ri vi ti trm nghin, th my
xay s chu trch nhim v sinh cui mi ngy.
- Bin php 2: Bin php ny rt d p dng, x l trit c cht thi pht
sinh ti m.
Mc kh thi: C hiu qu khi n v hp ng x l ng quy nh ca php
lut. Cng ty s k hp ng mi vi X nghip cng trnh cng cng huyn Hm Tn.
- Bin php 3: Phi c s t gic ca cn b cng nhn vin lm vic ti m.
Ch d n s u tin thc hin cc bin php h tr thu gom rc thi pht sinh ti
ngun.
La chn: Ch d n cam kt thc hin Bin php 1 v 2, ng thi kt hp vi
vic ra cc quy nh v sinh ti Cng ty.
4.2.1.4. Bin php khng ch nhim do nc thi
a. Bin php khng ch nhim do nc thi sn xut
- Bin php 1: Cng c bao quanh khai trng khng cho nc mt chy
trn vo moong khai thc cun theo cht bn v nh hng n hot ng sn xut.
bao c p t t thi ca m. Loi ng cht, bn di chn p
bng phong ha trnh st ln. Ngun cung cp vt liu: ly t lng t bc ph.
nh gi: bao p ht chu vi m s to vnh ai an ton quanh m, ngn
113
ngi v sc vt li gn, ngn nc mt chy vo moong nn gim c lng nc
phi bm.
- Bin php 2: B tr h thu nc t ti moong khai thc thu ton b nc
chy vo trong moong, h thu c kh nng lu cha v tip nhn 2 ngy ma ln nht
nhm phng ma ln lin tc. Trn b moong, b tr aox iu ha lu lng
x, lng cn ln 2. Trong nhng ngy ma ln cn huy ng bm d phng bm.
Nc thi sn xut l lng nc thu gom c trong h thu nc c ngun
gc l nc ma v nc ngm chy vo moong khai thc Trong qu trnh chy v h
thu nc, c cun theo mt s bi , lm tng c ca nc. Bin php x l
lng cn ny l lng c hc nc thi trong h thu nc nh thi gian lu. Quy trnh
x thi ca d n nh sau:

Hnh 9: S h thng x thi nc thi sn xut
Qu trnh lng l qu trnh chuyn ng ca nhng loi tp cht (cc cht vn,
ct, nh,...) xung y ngun nc thi nh tc dng ca trng lc. Do vy, thi
gian x l t l thun vi thi gian lng, kch thc ht cn.
Gii php cng trnh :
+ H thu nc o trong moong khai thc: din tch 3.000m
2
, dung tch cha
30.000m
3
.
+ Ao x c o trn mt tip nhn nc bm t h thu bm ln. Ao x c
chiu di ln nn c chc nng tng cng lng cn ln 2 nh 1 b lng ct ngang,
iu ha lu lng bm x trong nhng ngy ma ln, bm nhiu. Ao c din tch
75mx10m v su 3m.
Thi gian lng ca cc ht ct trong nc ph thuc vo ng knh ht. Cc
loi ht c ng knh 0,1-0,5mm th ln thy lc Uo=5,12-51,6mm/s. Do vy,
ct ht lng xung y ao su 3m th thi gian cn l 0,2-2,1h. Thi gian ny thp hn
so vi thi gian lu nc nh nht trong cng trnh l 2,91h.
Cng tc qun l cng trnh x:
- Bin php 3: No vt nh k h thu nc ti khai trng vi tn sut 12
thng/ln. Khi no vt m khng tin hnh bm x. Thi gian thi cng khong 2h bng
my o. Thi gian cn li m bo cn b khuy trn c lng xung di. ng
thi, nc bm ln cng c lng ti ao x. Bn no vt c thnh phn ch yu l bi
, mnh dm t nh n ln nn dng ban ng.
Nu trng vi lch h cote khai thc th khng phi no vt m tin hnh ng
thi h cote y h thu. Cng ty cho n mn to 1 h thu mi lin k h thu c ti mt
bng cng tc u tin, ni gn b tnh. Ni bn mn u tin cng l ni n mn to
tuyn ho m va xung tng khai thc mi. Khi , h thu mi ti v tr thp nht lin
k h thu hin ti trong moong khai thc l c th thu gom c nc v, chuyn ng
ht, thit b bm v h mi. H c c n mn to mt bng cng tc.
Nc ma
Nc ngm
H thu nc
(lng cn)
Ao x (lng ln 2,
iu ha lu lng)
Sng Cha

Bin
114
- Bin php 4: Ci to h thng thot nc: khi thng dng chy ra sng
Cha. Cng tc no vt nh k c thc hin vo u mi ma ma.
nh gi: mt ct mng trung bnh 3m
2
, cng sut bm thot nc ti a
400m
3
nn vn tc dng chy trung bnh trong mng l 0,013m/s. Vn tc ny phi
m bo vn tc khng xi (l vn tc ln nht m dng chy t c m bo khng
gy xi l mng dn). Cng thc tnh tc khng xi cho php ca Xtuenniakp
(Studennjakov):
(Cng thc 4-1)

d
tb
= 0,05mm l ng knh trung bnh ca ht la chn tham kho, h =1m -
chiu su ca dng chy trong knh (m). Tnh ra v
kx
=0,805m/s. Vy vn tc dng
nc trong knh m bo vn tc khng xi.
- Bin php 5: B tr my bm ti m c cng sut ph hp, m bo bm ht
nc d kin trong ma ma. T y nc c bm cng bc ln ao lng, sau
theo mng chy ra sng Cha. Tng cng sut ca trm bm ti a l 400m
3
/h, trong
d phng 1 my 200m
3
/h.
nh gi:
- Ao lng x dung tch trung bnh 750m
2
, mt ct t vung gc vi trc dng
chy l 30m
2
nn vn tc dng chy qua ao l 400m
3
/h /30m
2
= 13m/h = 0,0037m/s.
Thi gian nc i ht chiu di b l khong 5h. Vn tc ny l chm, thi gian
lng cn b sung vi chiu su phn gii trung bnh khong 1m.
V tr t bm: Trm bm thot nc m c t trn b ni ti h thu nc,
hoc c t c nh trn b ca h thu nc. c pha ng moong khai thc.
- Bin php 6: ti s dng nc thu c ti h thu ti m , ti ng
gim bi, ti cy. Nc dn ti trm nghin sng bng bm y theo cc thp hoc
nha PVC v bn cha. Nc ti cy, ti ng c xe bn n ht.
b. Bin php khng ch nhim do nc thi sinh hot
- S dng b t hoi c xy dng ti khu v sinh c xy dng trong giai
on XDCB m. B phn k thut kim tra cng trnh nh k nhm pht hin cc s
c, hng hc kp thi sa cha.
- Tip tc thu n v dch v mi trng a phng n ht v x l bn cn
theo nh k 1 ln/nm.
- Kinh ph d kin 2 triu ng/ ln ht.
- Gim st nh k cht lng nc thi sinh hot sau x l v bo co nh k
theo ni dung GSMT. Tn sut gim st 4 ln/nm. Quy chun so snh l QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot.
c. Cng tc thot nc khu vc vn phng, khu ch bin
Ch yu l thot nc ma chy trn ch pht sinh vo ma ma. Nhm hn ch
tc ng do lng nc chy trn ny ch d n thc hin cc bin php sau:
- Thng xuyn qut dn sn bi, ng vn chuyn trnh du m, gi lau ri
vi.
- Lu ln thng xuyn nn ng, bi ch bin trnh li g, to nc t
ng.
- No vt thng xuyn mng thot nc quanh SCN. Tuyn thot nc ny
c thi cng trong giai on xy dng c bn. Mng h kt hp cc h ga (25-
115
30m /h) gom nc v dn v ao x pha Ty khai trng. Ti y nc c x thi
ra sng Cha.
4.2.1.5. Bin php hn ch nh hng do ting n, chn ng, vng khi n mn
a. Cc bin php hn ch nh hng do hot ng n mn
- Phn cng gim c iu hnh m ph trch cng vic v chu trch nhim ti
khai trng.
- Thng bo lch n mn ca m cho chnh quyn a phng qun l. Cng ty
thc hin thng bo bng vn bn cho a phng, bng cc bng thng bo lch n
mn, phm vi quy nh an ton xung quanh m ni c nhiu ngi qua li.
- p dng cng ngh n mn vi sai cho ton m. Phng php ny ang c
khuyn khch p dng rng ri. Cng ngh ny cho php vi sai ton b l khoan trong
1 bi n, gia tng mc an ton trong khai thc xy dng, trnh c ri ro v
nhng yu t thi tit, an ton hn cho ngi tham gia n mn. Gim thiu cc tc
ng tiu cc n mi trng.
- N mn theo gi quy nh, thng n vo bui tra. Trong gi n mn tuyt
i nghim cm ngi khng c phn s qua li trong khu vc nguy him do n mn
theo bn knh an ton quy nh[16]. B tr ngi cnh gii, ui ngi ra khi phm vi
nguy him 300m. c bit ch n cc vn, ry quanh m v ngn ngi i li trn
tuyn ng pha Ty m.
Lp t cc bin bo v ni dung n mn ca m xung quanh moong khai thc,
trn ng ra vo m v pha tip gip khu dn c
- Lp h chiu n mn y , chnh xc theo quy nh v phi c ngi c
thm quyn ph duyt. Tuyt i chp hnh theo h chiu c duyt.
- Trng cy dc trn ton b hnh lang an ton pha Ty m. Cy xanh c
trng ngy khi m i vo xy dng c bn v khai thc. Bin php ny c thc hin
ngay khi m i vo khai thc s gip to hnh lang an ton cch ly ng giao thng
pha Ty v khu khai thc ca m. Cy xanh cn gip gim sng m, bi, chn
vng. Do vy, khi cy cng ln thi cng pht huy tc dng.
- Thc hin gim st n mn ngay ln n u tin c cc iu chnh ph hp
v lp bo co gim st n mn trnh c quan chc nng qun l. i tng v ni
dung gim st nh sau:
+ t n: chn t n c quy m n ln nht c php: 2.070kg.
+ Cc thng s gim st: chn ng rung, vng, ting n
+ Tiu chun, quy chun p dng so snh v nh gi: QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT
Quy chun k thut quc gia v rung. QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k
thut quc gia v ting n
- Cc bin php trn c quy nh r theo Quyt nh s 51/2008/BCT,
trong QCVN 02:2008/BCT tuy nhin Ch d n phi ph bin li cho ton th cng
nhn ti m. B phn n mn v gim c m s chu trch nhim vic tun th cc
quy phm v an ton khi n mn ti m.
Thi gian n mn cn thc hin nghim chnh di s gim st ca c quan
chc nng v c bo co nh k. La chn thi gian n mn thng vo bui tra v
thi im ny vo cui ca lm sng, sp ti gi ngh tra nn vng ngi, my mc
tm ngh ng thi ngi dn i lm ln cn m hu nh xong vic v tr v nh.
116
Do vy, nguy c tc ng do vng v sng khng kh l thp nht. n tc ng
t hn do mang tnh tc thi.
- Vic t chc gim st tc ng do n mn i vi t n u tin c quy m
ln nht s gip ch d n, t k thut v c quan qun l xem xt, nh gi tc ng
do n mn ti d n i vi mi trng xung quanh v an ton ti m. T c nhng
iu chnh v gii php ph hp.
a chn thc hin Cng ty la chn thc hin tt c cc bin php trn.
Thc hin khai thc nh thit k, tun th an ton trong cng tc n mn di s ch
o ca S Cng thng b tr thi gian n mn hp l.
b. Cc bin php khc c la chn thc hin
- gim thiu tc ng ca ting n n khu vc dn c, Cng ty cam kt m
hot ng theo ng thi gian quy nh (khon 1 iu 68, iu 69 ca Lut Lao ng):
8h/ca.ngy.
- H thng nn mng ca trm nghin sng c xy dng rng, thng xuyn
kim tra chn mng, my nhm pht hin nguyn nhn gy nn rung ng gia
c, sa cha. B phn k thut thng xuyn bo dng my mc, tra du m ti cc
b phn tip xc gy n ca t hp p - nghin - sng.Theo cng ngh ch bin p
dng, ting n pht sinh l khng th trnh khi nhng ch c th gim thiu ch
khng th khng ch trit c ting n pht sinh. Ring hot ng ch bin pht
sinh nhiu ting n lm vic 8 h/ngy nn vn cn nh hng.
- Hn ch ting n do my pht in: v tr t my xa khu vn phng, khi mua
my yu cu cung cp i km v cch m t my bn trong. V my ng thi c
chc nng chng chy n cho thit b.
4.2.1.6. Bin php gim thiu nh hng tiu cc n i sng dn c quanh m
Cng ty p dng cc bin php sau:
- Bin php 1:nhm gim thiu tc ng do hot ng vn chuyn hin trng
giao thng a phng Cng ty s ng gp kinh ph sa cha, duy tu ng ra vo
m v QL55 on vo m. Cng tc do a phng (UBND huyn, x), S Ti nguyn
v Mi trng, S Giao thng Vn ti ch tr, xc nh mc ng gp.
- Bin php 2: Ti nc gim bi khu vc my xay , ng vn chuyn ni
m. Cho lao cng qut dn t ri vi trn ng vn chuyn hng ngy.
- Bin php 3: Quy nh tc an ton cho phng tin vn chuyn vt liu
khi i qua khu dn c, xe chy t m ra n tnh l phi gim tc (<30km/gi).
- Bin php 4: Cng ty s chp hnh v thc hin y cc ngha v v chnh
sch bo h quyn li ca nhn dn a phng ni c khong sn c khai thc, ch
bin (theo Ngh nh s 219/1999/Q-TTg ca Th tng Chnh ph v Thng t s
76/2000/TT-BTC ngy 25/7/2000 ca B Ti chnh), tham gia ng gp vo cc
chng trnh phc li x hi ti a phng. Lnh o Cng ty thng xuyn thm
hi, tng qu trong cc dp m tic, hiu h ca cc h xung quanh.
- Bin php 6: Thng bo rng ri v c th lch n mn cho ngi dn v
chnh quyn a phng bng vn bn v lp t cc bng thng bo lch n mn xung
quanh. Trong thi gian n mn ng k c th n nhiu bi mn vi thi gian dn
cch 3-5 pht theo quy nh ng k vi c quan chc nng. Mi bi mn c h
chiu n mn ring bit c Gim c m ph duyt.
117
- Bin php 7: hn ch nh hng mi trng dn sinh do mc nc ngm
h thp trong phm vi bn knh nh hngth ch d n thc hin cc ni dung sau:
+Thc hin quan trc thy vn mc nc ngm ti 2 ging c nh: 1 ging ti
khu vc vn phng m, 1 ging ti nh dn. Tn sut quan trc 2 ln/nm vo 2 ma
ma v kh. Cng tc quan trc do n v c chuyn mn trong lnh vc a cht, thy
vn thc hin.
+ S h tr bm nc ti tiu cho khu vc pha Bc m, vn nm trong phm
vi nh hng. M s b tr thm ng dn nc tho kh t moong ln khu vc ny.
X theo ngh ca ngi dn trong trng hp cn nc.
- Hu ht cc phng php a ra trn u d p dng do Cng ty c th ch
ng thc hin v nm trong kh nng, ngha v ca Cng ty. Tuy nhin Bin php
khng ch vn tc xe vn chuyn khi chy qua khu dn c rt kh thc hin do ph
thuc vo thc chp hnh ca ch xe. Do s b tr cc g gim tctrn ng ra
vo m.
- Cng tc quan trc mc nc ngm khu vc m s nh gi c mc v
phm vi nh hng ca cng tc m moong khai thc xung su n mc nc ngm
khu vc. ng thi quan trc thy vn v ly mu cht lng nc s nh gi hin
trng cht lng nc ngm khu vc khi c d n trin khai. Trng hp c h dn
no ln cn m trong khu vc m xc nh c nh hng do s c h thp mc nc
th ch d n c bin php h tr, cp nc sinh hot tha ng.
- V vic tn dng nc tho kh t moong cp nc nng nghip, nht l
khu pha bc m trong phm vi nh hng s hiu qu v tit kim ti nguyn. M
c tho kh v ngi dn c nc ti, khng phi tn tin bm nc t sng
Cha. Vic ngi dn tn dng nc tho kh t cc m ti tiu din ra ti
cc khu vc: cm m Tn Cang, ng Nai, cm m Thng Tn, Bnh Dng,
cm m Ha An, ng Nai
a chn: ch d n cam kt thc hin tt c cc bin php nu trn trong sut
qu trnh hot ng ca m.
4.2.1.7. Cc bin php ATL, PCCC
a. Phng chng chy n
Cng ty p dng cc bin php sau:
- Tun th nghim ngt quy nh phng chy, cha chy trong khu vc. Xy
dng quy nh PCCC CBCNV p dng v hc tp
- Lun c cc phng tin cha chy ti khu vc lm vic v c cng an
PCCC tnh kim tra thng xuyn.
- Lp t cc bin bo chy, n, nguy him ti cc ni: trm bin p, kho xng,
kho cha cht thi nguy hi
- Tng cng thc phng chy cha chy cho cng nhn vin lm vic trong
m, hun luyn din tp nh k. Cng tc ny s c Cnh st PCCC tnh kim tra
nh k.
nh gi phng php p dng:
Cc ni dung trn u nm trong quy nh v cng tc an ton phng chy v
cha chy. Nhn vin v lao ng ti m c thi gian lm vic vi cc hot ng
khai thc l thin.
118
La chn: Cng ty thc hin tt c cc bin php trn.
b. V sinh lao ng v an ton lao ng
Bin php ngn nga t ln ri:
- Cha b bo v ngn gi cc tng t ln t pha trn xung.
- t o ln phi xa cch mp h, ho t nht 0.5m.
- Khi o t tuyt i khng o theo kiu hm ch.
- Thng xuyn xem xt vch t v mch t pha trn nu thy c k nt
hoc hin tng st l th phi nh ch vic o ngay v cho cng nhn x l treo
ngay.Sau mi ln ma phi kim tra vch taluy, bao, cc khe nc.
- H thng ng vn ti m phi m bo an ton, m bo cc thng s k
thut theo thit k v dc, gc cua, b rng nn ngLp t cc bin bo nguy
him ti nhng khc cua, bng thng bo dc, bng thng bo ng giao nhau.
Trang b bo h lao ng:
Tun th nghim chnh cc quy nh ti khon 1 iu 95 ca B lut Lao ng
nh: trang b khu trang chng bi, nn bo h cho cng nhn trc tip sn xut; t
chc khm sc khe nh k cho cng nhnQun o trang b bo h c nh k
thay th cho ton b cng nhn nh k 1 ln/nm.
Cng tc gio dc kin thc:
- Thng xuyn kim tra n c v buc cng nhn phi tun th nghim ngt
cc bin php an ton lao ng.
- Hn ch ti a vic tip xc lin tc gia cng nhn vi cc ngun gy
nhim hoc vt liu n.
- Bi dng thng xuyn kin thc v sinh v an ton lao ng cho CB CNV
trong m.
- Tuyn truyn, gio dc cng nhn lao ng v ni quy an ton lao ng v
thc chp hnh cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng.
nh gi bin php p dng
u im: cc Bin php a ra u trong tm qun l ca Ch d n do vy c
th p dng d dng.
Mc kh thi: c th thc hin c, c bit gio dc nng cao thc chp
hnh k lut lao ng v thc hin nghim tc cc bin php a ra.
c. Bin php phng chng st do ma ging
- Trong nhng ngy chuyn tri, d bo c ma ln khng thc hin n mn.
Cng tc n mn ti m c hp ng cho n v chuyn mn m nhn.
- Gio dc cho cng nhn phng cch trnh st khi c ma ging ln.
4.2.1.8. Bin php phc hi mi trng khi kt thc khai thc
a. Cc cng tc nh hng thc hin
Khi kt thc khai thc, moong khai thc s li a hnh dng h m c su
so vi a hnh xung quanh trung bnh 47,5m (pha Ty m a hnh trung bnh +10m;
pha ng m a hnh trung bnh +5m). Loi hnh khai thc l xy dng lm vt
liu xy dng thng thng. Theo Ph lc 1 ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s
71/2008/Q-TTg, m Tn Thng thuc loi hnh m khai thc l thin khng c
nguy c to dng thi axit m v li a hnh c hnh dng h m.
119
M thuc dng m khai thc l thin khng c nguy c to dng thi axit m
nn cc ni dung chnh phi ci to, phc hi mi trng bao gm:
- li a hnh c hnh dng h m, c su so vi mt bng t nhin: to
thnh mt h cha nc, c bao c trng cy v lp dng hng ro km gai ngn
sc vt vo nhm m bo an ton.
- To h thng thot nc nhm mc ch lu thng nc h v Sng Cha:
nc t h chy ra Sng Cha khi mc nc trong h cao hn mc nc sng v
ngc li.
- Cc cng trnh cng nghip v dn dng phc v khai thc m khng cn nhu
cu s dng: tho d tr li mt bng hoc chuyn i mc ch s dng : khu nh vn
phng l nh xy cp 4, c y cc cng trnh ph tr nn li lm nh sinh hot
cng ng cho a phng. Trong giai on ci to s c s dng lm nh cho
i thi cng, tit kim chi ph xy dng ln tri.
- Trng cy trn cc mt bng trng ph xanh, ci to cnh quan.
- Nhng cng trnh s dng chung (ng giao thng) th tu sa b sung.
Nhn xt:
+ u im: to thnh h cha nc vi mc ch cp nc cho ti tiu trong
khu vc, cnh quan cy xanh bng mt gip ci to vi kh hu khu vc. Ngoi ra, h
m cn l ngun cung cp nc cho mc nc ngm khu vc. Khng tn nhiu chi
ph lp h m.
+ Nhc im: khng hon tr li cnh quan t nhin ban u cho khu vc
nhng to cnh quan khc c mi trng tng i tt.
+ nh gi tnh kh thi: Do to y h m c su so vi a hnh t nhin
nn nu cng tc ci to khng tt, c bit l cng tc m bo an ton th sau ny rt
d xy ra tai nn nh ngi v gia sc ri xung m.
b.Chi ph phc hi mi trng
Theo kt qu tnh chi ph ci to, PHMT ti d n ci to, PHMT m Tn
Thng th tng s tin phi k qu l 1.236.990.063.
4.2.2. Bin php phng trnh cc s c mi trng trong giai on khai thc
phng trnh st l b moong khai thc, s c mi trng trong hot ng
khai thc m l thin nh hng n mi trng xung quanh th Cng ty lun tun th
ng phng n khai thc c ph duyt:
- Trong khi ci to b m giai on XDCB:
+ Ci to ng theo thit k chun b mt bng cho m i vo khai thc t
cng sut.
+ Thc hin trng v hon thin di cy xanh cch li pha Ty m.
+ Thc hin nn chnh tuyn ng pha Ty.
+ Lp hng ro bao quanh ht chu vi moong khai thc.
- m bo gc sn tng khai thc, sn tng kt thc; chiu cao tng khai
thc, chiu cao tng kt thc theo ng quy nh thit k c s c ph duyt.
- Gim c m thng xuyn quan st vch moong, b taluy pht hin cc
vt nt, khe nt ln c bin php phng trnh nguy c trt l b moong.
- Trng cy quanh b moong khai thc trong phn t ph chng xi mn,
st l.
120
- Khi c s c xy ra st l, ngp lt lp tc dng hot ng khai thc di
moong, bo ng s c cho ton m. Tp trung lao ng v thit b ng cu s c.
Trin khai bm d phng bm tho kh. Di di lao ng v thit b ra vng an ton,
tm hiu nguyn nhn gy ra st l, tin hnh gia c li b moong b st l. Cng ty s
phi hp thnh lp i ng cu, c mt thng xuyn ti m, tp luyn ng ph s c
nh k.
nh gi phng php p dng:Cc phng n nu trn u d p dng, Cng
ty d dng ch ng thc hin. Tuy nhin, ti m phi c lng lc cu h ti ch,
thng xuyn tc trc s pht huy hiu qu cao hn.

121
CHNG 5
CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG

5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG
Chng trnh qun l mi trng xut thc hin trong sut qu trnh khai
thc - ch bin ti m c tng hp trong Bng 5.1.
Gim c iu hnh m kim ph trch chung cc vn v mi trng ca
m, gim st vic thc hin cc cng tc bo v mi trng ti m i vi tng b
phn nh sau:
- Qun l cht lng nc thi sn xut pht sinh t m, cht lng h cha v
kh nng thu gom ca h thng. Thng k lng nc bm ra khi moong theo thi
gian (thng/nm) lm c s np ph x thi.
- Qun l hot ng ca h thng gim thiu nhim khng kh:
+ Hot ng ca h thng phun sng
+ Hot ng phun nc chng bi trn ng vn chuyn, ti nc dp
bi SCN.
- Qun l cht thi:
+ Cht thi rn thng thng (ch yu l t, thi): cng vic ch yu
l thng k khi lng pht sinh theo thi gian (thng/qu/nm). Tt c phi c thu
gom v bi thi.
+ Cht thi nguy hi: ch yu l thc hin cng tc thu gom, a v khu
vc lu gi theo quy nh ca m v thng k lng cht thi pht sinh theo thi gian
(thng/qu/nm). Tin hnh ng k ch ngun thi i vi cht thi nguy hi.
+ Cht thi rn sinh hot: thng k lng cht thi rn sinh hot pht
sinh ti m theo thi gian (thng/qu/nm). Hp ng vi i v sinh a phng
thu gom.
- Phng, chng cc s c mi trng: qun l cc vn v st l, s c trong
n mn,
- Thc hin cc quy nh bo v mi trng trong khai thc: k khai v np ph
bo v mi trng i vi nc thi, ng k qun l cht thi nguy hi i vi ch
ngun thi, thc hin k qu phc hi mi trng, thc hin gim st mi trng nh
k.
Vi cch qun l trn, v mt nhn s ca m gn nh khng thay i, Gim
c iu hnh m kim ph trch cc vn v mi trng c th iu mi ngi
tng b phn qun l tng cng vic c th nu trn.
Chi ph d tnh u t v vn hnh cc cng trnh mi trng, hot ng bo
v mi trng nh Bng 5.2; Bng 5.3:

122
Bng 5. 1: Chng trnh qun l mi trng ti m Tn Thng
Hot ng
ca d n
Cc tc ng Bin php gim
thiu
Kinh ph
thc hin
Thi gian Ngi thc
hin
Ngi gim
st
Tc nhn i tng b tc
ng
Thc hin Hon thnh
I. Xy dng c bn
- XDCB,
m va
- Lp t
trm nghin,
thit b ph
tr
- Bi, n

- Nguy c
ti nn
- Nc mt
chy trn
- Khng kh, dn c
cui hng gi
- Sc khe ca cng
nhn
- Gim st mi
trng nh k
- Ti nc, phun
nc gim bi
- B tr bi lu t
ph
- Trang b bo h
lao ng cho ton
b cng nhn
- o mng thot
nc quanh SCN
di 825m
- p bao ngn
nc mt sng
Cha
- T cng ty
b chi ph
Trong nm th 1 Cng ty, cc
n v thi
cng
S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

II. Khai thc
- Cng tc
khoan
Bi, n - Khng kh
- Sc khe ca cng
nhn v dn c cui
hng gi
- S dng bin php
khoan t, lng
nc s dng d
tnh nh Bng 4.1.
- Trng cy xanh
quanh moong, dc
, s lng cy d
kin nh Bng 4.2
- Tnh chung
cho chi ph
sn xut

- lao ng ca
m thc hin
- Trong thi gian khai thc

- Trng b sung, chm sc
c thc hin trong sut
qu trnh hot ng ca
m. .
i khoan n
mn.

- i lao
cng, cy
xanh

S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

- N mn
ph khi
- Bi, n,
kh thi
- Chn
ng
- vng
- Khng kh
- Sc khe ca cng
nhn v dn c xung
quanh m
-Nn mng cng trnh
- S dng thuc n
Alfor v nh tng
- N vi sai

- Tnh chung
cho chi ph
sn xut
- Sut thi gian m khai
thc
- i khoan
n mn
- Gim c
iu hnh m
S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

123
Hot ng
ca d n
thiu
Kinh ph
thc hin
Thi gian Ngi thc
hin
Ngi gim
st
Tc nhn i tng b tc
ng
Thc hin Hon thnh
- S c do
n mn
- Cc cng trnh xy
dng
- Ph qu
c
Bi, n,
kh thi
- Khng kh
- Sc khe ca cng
nhn
- Trang b Bo h
lao ng. nh k
thay 2 ln/nm.
- S dng ba p
thy lc
Kinh ph cho
40 lao ng
trc tip
Pht nh k
vo u nm

III. Ch bin
Ch bin Bi, n,
rung ng
- Khng kh
- Sc khe ca cng
nhn v dn c xung
quanh khu vc
- Lp trm bm, h
thng phun sng
ti mi trm nghin
nh Bng 4.3;
- Lp t v vn
hnh thng xuyn
h thng cp nc
cho cc trm
- Kinh ph
chm sc cy:
c tnh
ti Mc I
- Hin c
- B sung
trong nm
u
- Trng b
sung trong 3
nm u
Thc hin
trong sut
qu trnh
hot ng
ca m

i ch bin S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

IV. thi
Thi t
ph, bn
phong ha
ti bi thi
tm
- Cht thi
rn;
- Bi
- Mi trng nc
- Khng kh
- Cnh quan khu vc
- Ti s dng gia
c , sa cha
ng ni b
- Din tch bi thi
tm1ha, va bn
va lu tm s
dng
Thu 1 ha t - Thc hin
trong sut
qu trnh
hot ng
ca m
i vn
chuyn
S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

Sinh hot
ca cng
nhn vin
ti m
- Cht thi
rn sinh
hot
- Nc
thi sinh
hot
- Mi trng nc
- Mi trng t
- Phn loi cht thi
ti s dng v
khng cn ti s
dng.
- Trang b thng thu
gom rc sinh hot:
+ Loi 15 lt:

- Kinh ph
trang b thng
cha rc:
- Thc hin
trong sut
qu trnh
hot ng
ca m
- B t hoi
nng cp
- k hp
ng x l
hng nm v
gia hn hoc
k mi
- Bo v
- Cng ty
dch v mi
trng th

S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

124
Hot ng
ca d n
thiu
Kinh ph
thc hin
Thi gian Ngi thc
hin
Ngi gim
st
Tc nhn i tng b tc
ng
Thc hin Hon thnh
2thng
+ Loi 95 lt: 1
thng.
- S dng b t hoi
BASTAF. nh k
thu ht v mang i
x l
- Qut dn khu vc
vn phng, nh n
750.000
ng/ln.
- Kinh ph x
l bn ti b
t hoi:
0,5triu/nm.

- 18 triu/nm
trong thi
gian ci to
- Thng rc
mua mi v
b sung
thm 2
nm/ln
Qu trnh
tho kh m
- Nc
thi

- Mi trng nc
mt
- H thp mc nc
di t
- Cng c bao
- B tr h thu nc
ti khai trng;
- B tr 1 h lng
bn ngoi khai
trng
- B tr h thng
my bm;

- Ti s dng nc
ti h thu ti
ng, phun sng,
ti cy
- tnh
trong gi
thnh ca d
n u t
- Thc hin
trong sut
qu trnh
hot ng
ca m
T bo
dng, sa
cha in
S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

V. Hot ng xc bc, vn chuyn
Hot ng
xc bc, vn
chuyn
nguyn khai
v thnh
phm, t
ph
- Bi, kh
thi, n
- Cht thi
rn, du
m ri vi

- Chn
ng
- Khng kh
- H thng giao thng
v hot ng i li
trong khu vc,
- Mi trng nc
- Ti x
- S dng t bn
phun nc dc
tuyn ng vn
chuyn, lng nc
s dng d kin nh
Bng 4.4;
- S dng xe qua
ng kim.
- Kinh ph
phun nc
dc ng
vn chuyn
do 1 xe bn
cng ty mua
v lao ng
ca m thc
hin
- Ti nc
2-4
ln/ngy.
- Thc hin
trong sut
qu trnh
hot ng
ca m
- Kim tra
- Xe bn
- i vn
chuyn
S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

125
Hot ng
ca d n
thiu
Kinh ph
thc hin
Thi gian Ngi thc
hin
Ngi gim
st
Tc nhn i tng b tc
ng
Thc hin Hon thnh
- Kinh ph
chm sc cy:
c tnh
ti Mc I
nh k
theo lch
- Sa cha,
bo dng
phng tin
c gii
- Cht thi
rn
- Du m
ri vi
- Ac quy
thi
- Mi trng t
- Mi trng nc
- M quan
- B tr thng phuy
c np y thu
gom CTNH;

- Lu gi CTNH ti
bi cha ring;

- Hp ng thu
gom, x l
- Ti s dng
thng phuy
nn khng tn
ph
- bi cha
xy khi
XDCB
- Kinh ph x
l CTNH:
8.000.000
ng/nm
- Thc hin
trong sut
qu trnh
hot ng
ca m
- n v c
chc nng x
l cht thi
nguy hi
S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

VI. Kt thc khai thc
Ci to,
phc hi
mi trng
- H m
su
- Mi trng t
- Mi trng nc
- a hnh, cnh quan
San gt, trng cy,
gia c taluy, p ,
to h cha, trng
cy.
- Kinh ph
phc hi mi
trng: nh
d n ci to,
PHMT
- Tin k
qu c
ng trong
sut qu
trnh hot
ng ca
m
- Tin hnh
phc hi khi
kt thc khai
thc m
Cng ty S ti nguyn
v Mi
trng

Bng 5. 2: Chi ph u t cc cng trnh mi trng
TT Hng mc VT
Khi
lng
n gi
(1000 /VT)
Thnh tin
(x1000)
1
B cha nc ti trm nghin, 1 bn/2 my km 1 bm cp nc t ao
cha ci 2 8.000 16.000
2
Bn nha cha nc phc v khoan t, loi 500 lt
Ci 2 1.500 3.000
126
TT Hng mc VT
Khi
lng
n gi
(1000 /VT)
Thnh tin
(x1000)
3
Lp t h thng phun nc chng bi, 1 h thng/my xay
HT 4 30.000 120.000
4 Thng thu gom rc sinh hot. Thng 1 350 350

2 100
200
5 Thng cha CTNH, tn dng thng phuy c, cha nht v gi lau ci
5 0
0
6 Kho lu cht thi nguy hi, nn gch, li B40, mi tole cch nhit. m2 1 10.000 15.000
7
Lp t bng thng bo lch n mn, bin cnh bo bng 6 500
3.000
8
n tn hiu giao thng giao Tr 1 15.000
15.000
9
Xy b t hoi sang b Bastaf, o h thm c lp lc l ct, sn, si
m3 17 1.000 17.000
10
Trang b bo h lao ng cho lao ng trc tip, cp 2 b/nm
ngi 40 250 10.000
Tng cng

199.550
Bng 5. 3: Chi ph d tnh phc v vn hnh, duy tr cc hot ng mi trng
TT Cng tc
Khi
lng n v n gi
Thnh tin
(/nm)
1 Hot ng my bm thot nc m, 2 my
901 /ca 589.548 531.182.748
2 Duy tr hot ng phun sng ti trm nghin
1160 /trm 47.371 54.950.360
3 Xe bn phun nc vo nhng ngy nng, 1 xe 8-9m3
435 /ca 683.253 297.215.055
4 Qut dn ng, v sinh vn phng
12 /thng 1.500.000 18.000.000
5 Thu thu gom, x l rc sinh hot
12 /thng 500.000 6.000.000
6 Kinh ph thu gom, x l CTNH
1 /tn 8.000.000 8.000.000
7 Thu ht bn b t hoi, nh v sinh lu ng
1 /ln 500.000 500.000
8 Gim st mi trng
nm Bng 7.2 120.147.280

Tng cng

1.035.995.443
127

5.2. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG
m bo d n khai thc xung su m xy dng Tn Thng gim thiu
ti a cc tc ng tiu cc n mi trng chung quanh v nh gi hiu qu ca cc
bin php x l nhim, chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng xut sau y
s c p dng trong sut thi gian hot ng ca m. V tr gim st d kin c
m t trn Bn v s 10-TM: S cc v tr quan trc mi trng ti Ph lc 5 ca
bo co.
5.2.1. Gim st cht thi
5.2.1.1. Gim st cht lng khng kh
- Thng s gim st: CO, SO
2
, NO
x
, bi tng cng v ting n, tc gi,
m, nhit .
- a im v tn sut quan trc o c, thu mu (cng tc gim st) c tng
hp trong Bng 5.4, xem chi tit cc v tr quan trc ti Bn v s 10-TM: Bn
cc v tr ly mu gim st mi trng nh k. Cc v tr gim st (quan trc, thu mu)
c th thay i ty theo hng gi mi ma. Thc hin o c, ly mu trong gi sn
xut.
Bng 5. 4: V tr gim st cht lng khng kh khu vc sn xut
ST
T
M t v tr S lng (im)
S hiu
mu
Ta
VN 2000
Tn sut
(thng/ln)
Khu vc moong khai thc
1
Ti moong khai thc giai
on XDCB
1 KK1
1.171.786
398.902
3
Ti moong khai thc giai
on t cng sut thit k
1 KK1
1.171.943
398.755
3
Khu vc sn cng nghip
3
Sn cng nghip, gn my
xay
1 KK2
1.171.685,
399.008
3
- Tiu chun v sinh cng nghip (ban hnh km Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-
BYT-10/10/2002).
5.2.1.2. Gim st nc thi sn xut
- Thng s gim st: pH, SS, tng phosphore, BOD
5
, COD, Cd, Zn; ch, As,
NH
3
-, Fe tng, du m khong, Coliform.
- Tn sut gim st: 3 thng/ ln.
- Cc v tr gim st c tng hp ti Bng 5.5.
Bng 5. 5: V tr gim st cht lng nc thi sn xut
a im d kin
S lng
(im)
S hiu
mu
Ta VN-2000
X (m)- Y(m)
H thu nc 1 NT01 1.171.956,06 - 398.839,18
Ao x 1 NT02 1.171.892,28 - 399.019,45
- Quy chun so snh: QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v
nc thi cng nghip Ct A, K
q
=1,0, k
f
=1,0.
5.2.1.3. Gim st nc thi sinh hot
- Thng s gim st: pH, BOD5, TSS, TDS, Sunfua, Amoni, Nitrat, Du m
128
ng thc vt, pht pht, Coliform.
- Tn sut gim st: 3 thng/ ln.
- V tr gim st: nc u ra sau h thng x l nc thi sinh hot
- Quy chun so snh: QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v
nc thi cng nghip Ct B, K=1,2.
5.2.1.4. Gim stcc nh hng n mn
T chc gim st tc ng do n mn ti m. T chc thc hin do n v c
chc nng trong o c a vt l. Thc hin quan trc cho mi t n, tn sut 1
ln/nm. Cng tc gim st do n v c chuyn mn v cng tc a vt l thc hin.
+ t n: chn t n c quy m n ln nht c php: 2.070kg.
+ Cc thng s gim st: chn ng rung c n v dBA v m/s
2
, vng, ting
n
+ Tn sut gim st: nh k 1 ln/nm. Trong mi ln quan trc, o chn ng
trc, khi n v sau khi n
+ Tiu chun, quy chun p dng so snh v nh gi: QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT
Quy chun k thut quc gia v rung. QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k
thut quc gia v ting n
- Ni dung gim st:
+ Gim st chn ng: thng s gim st l gi tr vn tc dao ng phn t cc
tr (mm/s) di tn s (Hz) o ti nn t cng trnh. Vn tc dao ng cc tr c o
theo 3 hng vung gc vi nhau.
+ Gim st nh hng tc ng sng khng kh: thng s gim st nh hng
tc ng sng khng kh i vi con ngi v kt cu cng trnh l mc tng p sut
khng kh (p sut d) do sng khng kh n mn lan truyn di tn s nh hn 20Hz
gy ra ti v tr gim st. n v o l Pa hoc dB.
- Thi im quan trc:
+ Giai on u khi bt u khai thc: la chn bi n c quy m t n ln
nht o rung v chn ng rung nhm nh gi tc ng khi n mn, lp phng n
n mn, iu chnh h chiu
+ Giai on nh k: Thc hin quan trc cho mi t n, tn sut 1 ln/nm.
Cng tc gim st do n v c chuyn mn v cng tc a vt l thc hin. Trong
mi ln quan trc, o chn ng trc, khi n v sau khi n.
- Cch b tr o: vic o chn ng thc hin cng trnh gn nht vi v tr n
mn, im t l cc im t bn trong cng trnh c b mt i din vi khu vc n
mn.
- Quy chun so snh:
+ QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v rung.
+ QCVN 02:2008/BCT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton trong bo
qun, vn chuyn, s dng v tiu hy VLNCN. C th nh sau:
Bng 3: quy nh gi tr vn tc dao ng phn t cc tr ti nn t ca cng
trnh.
Bng 4 Quy nh mc p sut m ti a cho php.
- Bo co kt qu gim st: ni dung bo co theo hng dn ti iu 28. Bo
co kt qu gim st ca QCVN 02:2008/BCT. Trng hp thc hin nhiu ln o
129
gim st cng 1 i tng, ch d n phi lp thm bo co kt qu gim st tng hp
cc chi tit v kt qu o. Kt qu gim st phi c lu tr t nht 1 nm ti ni m
5.2.1.5. Gim st cht thi rn, cht thi nguy hi
Thc hin thng k v lu gi cht thi theo quy nh:
- Lng t ph pht sinh, lng em bn, s dng v lu cha ti bi thi tm.
- Thng k cht thi nguy hi pht sinh hng thng, lng cht thi c hp
ng x l v lp h s ng k ti S Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
- Thng k cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh hng thng, lng c hp ng
x l.
5.2.2. Gim st mi trng xung quanh
5.2.2.1. Gim st cht lng khng khkhu vc dn c
- Thng s gim st: CO, SO2, NOx, bi tng cng v ting n, tc gi,
m, nhit , rung.
- Tn sut gim st: 6 thng/ln.
- V tr: 1 v tr pha Ty Nam m (im KK3) v 1 v tr pha ng m. Xem
b tr im quan trc ti Bn v s 10-TM (im KK4). im KK3 s nh gi mc
lan truyn bi t m v pha khu dn c pha ty nam ven ng QL55 thi k gi
ng, ng Bc. im KK4 s nh gi mc lan truyn bi, kh nhim t m v
pha ng trong ma gi Ty.
- Quy chun, tiuchun so snh:
+ QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng khng
kh xung quanh, trung bnh 1h.
+ QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v ting n.
5.2.2.2. Gim st cht lng nc mt
- Thng s gim st (16 ch tiu): pH, Oxy ha tan DO; Tng cht rn l lng
TSS, COD, BOD
5
, Clorua (Cl-); NO
2
, NO
3
, NH
4
, Photphat (tnh theo P), Fe, Cd, Pb,
As, du m khong, Coliform.
- a im: 1 v tr trn sng Cha, cch im x thi ca d n khong 50m v
h ngun.
- S lng mu: 1 mu/1 v tr.
- Tn sut gim st: 6 thng/ln.
- Quy chun so snh: QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, ct B1: Quy chun k thut
quc gia v cht lng nc mt.
5.2.2.3. Gim st CLN ngm
- Thng s gim st: 12 ch tiu gm pH, cng (theo CaCO
3
), TDS, Pb, Fe,
NO
3
-
(tnh theo N), Cd, Pb, As, Amoni (tnh theo Nito), Coliform, E-Coli. ng thi
quan trc mc nc trong 2 ma: ma ma v ma kh.
- S lng mu: 1 mu k hiu NN1
- a im: ti 1 v tr ti ging nh dn pha Ty Nam m.
- Tn xut quan trc: 6 thng/ln
- Quy chun so snh: QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: quy chun k thut quc gia v
cht lng nc ngm.
5.2.2.4. Gim st CLN t
130
- Thng s gim st: pH, OM, Kali, P tng, N tng v cc ch tiu kim loi
nng.
- S lng mu: 1 mu k hiu TN1
- a im: ti 1 v tr khu t ven m, theo b thoi v pha Sng.
- Tn xut quan trc: 6 thng/ln
- Tiu chun, quy chun so snh:
+QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT Quy chun k thut quc gia v gii hn cho php
ca Kim loi nng trong t.
+TCVN 7373:2004: Cht lng t - Gi tr ch th v hm lng nit tng s
trong t Vit Nam.
+TCVN 7374:2004: Cht lng t Gi tr ch th v hm lng pht pho
tng s trong t Vit Nam.
+TCVN 7377:2004: Cht lng t - Gi tr ch th pH trong t Vit Nam.
5.2.3. Cc chng trnh gim st khc
Ngoi cng tc gim st mi trng khng kh v nc (nc gm nc mt,
nc ngm v nc thi), Ch d n s thng xuyn thc hin cc gim st v cng
tc bo v mi trng khc ti m. Cc cng tc bao gm:
- Gim st cc cng tc gim thiu rung ng v cc s c trong qu trnh n
mn thc hin.
- Gim st cc cng tc v cc bin php gim thiu tc ng n dn c.
- Gim st, theo di cc s c mi trng c th xy ra (st l moong khai thc,
v bao,) c nhng bin php x l thch hp v nhanh chng.
5.2.4. D tr chi ph cho hot ng gim stmi trng
- Cn c theo Thng t s 231/2009/TT-BTC ngy 9 thng 12 nm 2009 ca
B Ti chnh quy nh v ch thu, np v qun l s dng l ph trong lnh vc tiu
chun o lng cht lng.
- Cn c vo n gi xy dng tnh Bnh Thun v n gi thc t.
Tnh n thng 7/2010, cc c quan chc nng cha ban hnh biu mc thu ph
th nghim mi nn bo co vn tham kho Biu mc thu ph th nghim lnh vc
mi trng ban hnh km theo Thng t s 83/2002/TT-BTC ngy 25 thng 9 nm
2002 ca B ti chnh quy nh v ch thu, np v qun l s dng ph, l ph v
tiu chun o lng cht lng.
D tr kinh ph gim st mi trng hot ng khai thc ti m Tn Thng
c tnh ton ti bng sau:
Bng 5. 6: D tnh chi ph gim st mi trng hng nm
n v: x1000
STT Tn ch tiu v cng vic Qu 1 Qu 2 Qu 3 Qu 4
Tng
I Ly mu v phn tch mu 5.114 9.328 5.114 34.384 52.860
1
Gim st cht lng khng kh
khu vc sn xut (4 ln/nm) 2.064 2.064 2.064 2.064 8.256
2
Gim st cht lng khng kh
khu vc xung quanh 2.064 2.064 4.128
3 Gim st cht lng nc mt 1.080 1.080 2.160
131
STT Tn ch tiu v cng vic Qu 1 Qu 2 Qu 3 Qu 4
Tng
4
Gim st nc thi sn xut (4
ln/nm) 2.160 2.160 2.160 2.160 8.640
5
Gim st nc thi sinh hot
(4 ln/nm) 890 890 890 890 3.560
6 Gim st CLN ngm 530 530 1.060
7 Gim st cht lng t 540 540
8 Gim st n mn 25.056 25.056
II Kho st v lp bo co 511 29.000 511 29.000 59.023
III Tng cng 43.953 69.009 112.963
IV Tng cng (VAT 10%) 124.259
Tng kinh ph gim st mi trng ti m cho 1 nm thc hin l
124.259.000ng/nm.
132
CHNG 6
THAM VN KIN CNG NG
Cn c Theo quy nh ti khon 8, iu 20 ca Lut Bo v mi trng v theo
Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP, Ngh nh 21/2008/N-CP v Thng t 05/2008/TT-
BTNMT;Cng ty C phn Vt liu Xy dng v Khong sn Bnh Thun gi vn
bn ti y Ban Nhn Dn v y Ban Mt Trn T Quc Vit Nam x Thng Hini
thc hin d n thng bo mt cch khi qut v quy m d n, cc hng mc u
t chnh, cc tc ng tch cc v tiu cc ca d n, km theo l cc bin php rt c
th khc phc, gim thiu nhng tc ng tiu cc v s c mi trng do d n
gy ra v ngh cc c quan, t chc ny cho kin phn hi bng vn bn.
UBND v UBMTTQVN x Thng Hi c bn bn tr li, gp kin v D
n. Ni dung gp ca cc c quan ny nh sau:
6.1. KIN PHN HI CA UBND
1. kin v cc tc ng xu ca D n n mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x
hi:
ng vi cc ni dung tng ng c trnh by trong bn thng bo nu
trn ca Ch d n. Tuy nhin, trn hin trng m hin nay, trong qu trnh khai thc
xung su Cng ty cn lu mt s tc ng tiu cc nh:
- Pht sinh bi trong qu trnh khai thc ch bin v vn chuyn.
- Pht sinh ra ting n do hot ng, khoan n mn.
- Gy nhim mi trng nc.
- Tai nn lao ng c th gy thit hi v tnh mng ngi lao ng v ti sn.
- Hot ng n mn ti m nh hng n cuc sng nhn dn xung quanh.
2. kin v cc gii php, bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ca D n
n mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x hi:
trn ca Ch d n. Do vy trong qu trnh trin khai d n, Cng ty cn lu thc
hin cc gii php bo v mi trng c th nh sau:
- Cn hn ch bi n mc thp nht khng nh hng xu n cng ng
dn c ln cn d n, c bit cc h dn cui hng gi.
- Xe ra vo m thng xuyn lm h hng ng do vy cn c bin php
thng xuyn tu sa, nng cp on ng qua m, ti nc thng xuyn on
ng ny.
3. Kin ngh i vi Ch d n:
- Kt hp vi a phng trong vic gii quyt cc s c do d n gy ra trong
trng hp xy ra nh hng n cng ng a phng;
- m bo t vn chuyn gim tc khi ra ng QL55.
- Trng cy xanh quanh m gim bi, ci thin cnh quan.
- Khuyn khch s dng, tuyn dng thm lc lng lao ng ti a phng.
6.2. KIN PHN HI CA UB MTTQ
1. kin v cc tc ng xu ca D n n mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x
hi:
133
trn ca Ch d n. Qu trnh khai thc, ch bin s c mt s tc ng tiu cc
nh:
- Pht sinh bi v kh thi trong qu trnh vn chuyn i tiu th, lm gia
tng lng xe lu thng trn ng.
- Pht sinh ra ting n do hot ng khoan, ch bin v khi n mn.
- Nguy c gy nhim mi trng nc.
- Tai nn lao ng c th gy thit hi v tnh mng v ti sn.
2. kin v cc gii php, bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ca D n
n mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x hi:
trn ca Ch d n. Do vy trong qu trnh trin khai d n, Cng ty cn thc hin cc
gii php bo v mi trng c th nh sau:
- Trng cy xanh gim thiu bi pht tn ra khu vc xung quanh; c bit
m bo mt dy quanh khu ch bin v dc ng ra vo m.
- Cng ty phi hn ch bi, ting n ti khai trng, khu vc ch bin v dc
ng vn chuyn. m bo tn sut ti nc thng xuyn ng ra vo m trong
nhng ngy nng.
- Thng bo c th thi gian bn mn cho a phng;
- Phi x l rc thi theo ng quy nh, trnh tnh trng rc thi lu gy mi
hi v mt m quan cho khu vc; gy bnh truyn nhim nh hng n cng ng v
lao ng ca d n.
- Ch vn an ton lao ng trong khai thc khng gy thit hi n tnh
mng ca ngi lao ng.
3. Kin ngh i vi Ch d n:
- ng gp cc khon phc li cho a phng. D phng kinh ph x l s c.
C bin php n b cho nhng h m d n chim t.
- Khuyn khch Cng ty u tin tuyn dng lc lng lao ng ti a phng.
- Khai thc ng thit k c ph duyt. C bin php ci to, phc hi mi
trng sau khi kt thc khai thc m.
6.3. KIN PHN HI CA CH D N:
Cng ty ghi nhn v cam kt thc hin ng ni dung nh trong bo co
DDTM. Cng ty cam kt nh sau:
- Thc hin cc bin php nhm gim thiu, khng ch nhim do bi, ting
n, chn ng, nc thi n mi trng xung quanh.
- Nn chnh tuyn ng pha Ty ra QL55, trng cy to di cy xanh cch li,
trng cy quanh m v SCN gim bi, gim n.
- Thc hin cc quy phm an ton v khai thc m v n mn, thng bo c th
thi gian, lch bn mn n a phng.
- Lm hng ro quanh m, ngn ngi v gia sc.
- Thu gom rc thi, nc thi, hp ng n v mi trng a phng n tip
nhn v x l theo quy nh.
134
- ng gp cc khong phc li cho a phng, u tin tuyn dng lao ng
ti ch.
- Khai thc ng thit k. Thc hin ci to, PHMT sau khai thc ng nh ph
duyt.
- Tu sa ng x nu m gy ra h hng, cho qut dn ri vi, ti nc
gim bi.
Cc vn bntham vn cng ng v kin tr li c sao y v nh km ti
Ph lc 4 ca bo co.

135
KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT

I. KT LUN
Bo co TM D n u t khai thc v ch binm Tn Thng, x Thng
Hi, huyn Hm Tn, tnh Bnh Thun c thnh lp nhm to c s php l cho qu
trnh thc hin d n theo Lut mi trng v Lut khong sn. Trong qu trnh u t
xy dng, khai thc v ch bin xy dng s c nhng tc ng tiu cc n mi
trng xung quanh m. Cc tc ng gy nhim ch yu pht sinh t cc hot ng
khoan n mn, khai thc, vn chuyn, ch bin cc loi. Cc hot ng trn s gy
nhim n mi trng trong v xung quanh (tng n, cht thi, bi, chn ng...)
khu vc d n.
Bo co TM a ra mt cch tng qut v chi tit cc hot ng ca d n
tc ng n mi trng cng nh cc bin php gim thiu tc ng, c th l:
- Bo co nhn dng mi trng b tc ng vi mc , quy m ln nht l
mi trng khng kh, mi trng t. Nguyn nhn gy tc ng c nhn dng
mnh nht l bi v thay i cnh quan a hnh, c bit l bi pht sinh t khu vc
ch bin.
- Bo co nh gi tng qut, chi tit v mc cng nh quy m tc ng
ca cc hot ng n mi trng khng kh trong v ngoi m, mi trng nc, h
sinh thi khu vc xung quanh, cc tc ng do n mn, n
- Cc bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh c a ra hu ht l cc bin
php d dng thc hin v Cng ty c th ch ng p dng trong sut qu trnh hot
ng ca m. Tuy nhin, cn mt s tc ng rt kh gim thiu hoc phng n gim
thiu khng hiu qu nh tc ng do bi pht sinh trong qu trnh n mn tuy c tnh
cht tc thi nhng pht sinh vi s lng kh ln, nhng hin nay vic gim thiu
lng bi ny v kh n l cha thc hin c.
II. CAM KT
D n u t khai thc v ch bin m Tn Thng, x Thng Hi, huyn
Hm Tn, tnh Bnh Thun(cng sut 200.000 m
3
nguyn khi /nm) l d n c
u t mi nhm khai thc ch bin xy dng phc v nhu cu th trng. Khi d n
i vo hot ng, cc tc ng gy nhim ch yu pht sinh t cc hot ng khoan
n mn, khai thc, vn chuyn, ch bin (p nghin sng) cc loi. Cc hot ng
trn s gy nhim cc b n mi trng xung quanh (tng n, cht thi, bi...) v
lan truyn ra xung quanh. Do Cng ty a ra cc phng n gim thiu, khng
ch cc tc ng xu ti mi trng do hot ng d n gy ra. ng thi, thng qua
bo co ny, Cng ty cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng sau:
Giai on XDCB:
- Xy dng ng tin , trong giai on XDCB, ch khai thc ng thit k
c duyt ti TKCS.
- Thc hin GSMT nh k.
- Lp h s xin php x nc thi vo ngun nc sng Cha cho hot ng x
thi ti m.
- Hon thnh cc cng trnh mi trng theo tin , b tr y nhn lc
thit b phc v giai on i vo khai thc t cng sut thit k.
136
-Cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu tc ng do hot ng khai thc
trong giai on XDCB nh ra trong giai on khai thc t cng sut thit k.
Giai on i vo khai thc t cng sut thit k:
- Thc hin tt cng tc gim st mi trng (s lng v tn sut gim st).
ng thi, Cng ty cng cam kt tun th cc Tiu chun, Quy chun Vit Nam sau:
+ i vi kh thi t c QCVN 05/2009/BTNMT, QCVN
06/2009/BTNMT, Tiu chun v sinh cng nghip (Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-BYT-
10/10/2002).
+ i vi nc thi sn xut t c QCVN 24/2009/BTNMT, ct B1 khi x
vo sng Cha.
- Ch u t cam kt thc hin ng cc quy nh v qun l cht thi rn, cht
thi nguy h, hp ng vi nhng n v c chc nng thu gom, x l.
- Np ph bo v mi trng i vi khai thc khong sn theo Ngh nh
63/2008/N-CP ngy 13/05/2008 ca Chnh ph.
- Thc hin ng cc cam kt ca ch d n vi cng ng dn c:
+ Phun sng ti cc trm nghin sng, ti nc ti cc tuyn ng vn
chuyn ni m v t m ra QL55;
+ Tip tc trng b sung cy xanh quanh khu vc hot ng khong sn ca
m;
+ Yu cu cc xe ch thnh phm i tiu th phi c che y trnh ri vi
trn ng;
+ Cht thi rn sinh hot ti m c thu gom v a i x l theo quy nh;
+ Cht thi rn thng thng (t thi) c Cng ty lu gi ti s dng
lm vt liu san lp;
- i vi quyn li ca nhn dn a phng, ch u t cam kt chp hnh y
cc ngha v v chnh sch, quyn li ca nhn dn a phng ni c khong sn
c khai thc, ch bin theo Ngh nh s 219/1999/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh
ph v Thng t s 76/2000/TT-BTC ngy 25/7/2000 ca B Ti chnh. Tham gia
ng gp vo cc chng trnh phc li ti a phng.
- Cng ty cam kt bi thng cho dn v nhng nh hng c hi trong qu
trnh khai thc v sn xut kinh doanh do d n gy nn. Trong v sau khi kt thc
khai thc s u t tu sa li cc tuyn ng giao thng b h hng, xung cp, ci
to m thnh h cha nc phc v ti tiu, nng nghip, cp nc sinh hot.
- Cng ty cam kt thc hin ng cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi
trng trong qu trnh khai thc. Cam kt chu hon ton trch nhim trc php lut
Vit Nam nu vi phm cc Cng c Quc t, cc Tiu chun Vit Nam v nu xy
ra s c gy nhim mi trng.
Vic khai thc khong sn p ng nhu cu s dng vt liu xy dng trn a
bn tnh l mt vn cp thit. Trong qu trnh khai thc ch bin, s c cc tc ng
tiu cc n mi trng. Tuy nhin, cc yu t gy nhim phn ln s c gim
thiu v khc phc bng cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu c trnh by trong
Bo co. Cng ty cam kt s thc hin nghim tc cc bin php gim thiu nhim
cng nh phc hi mi trng sau khi kt thc khai thc theo ng nh trong bo co
a ra.

137

138

PH LC KM THEO

1- Ph lc 1: Cc vn bn php l km theo.
2- Ph lc 2: Cc kt qu phn tch mu.
3- Ph lc 3: Mt s hnh nh v hin trng mi trng khu vc m.
4- Ph lc 4: Cc vn bn tham vn cng ng.
5- Ph lc 5: Cc bn v km theo.

139

PH LC 1
CC VN BN PHP L KM THEO

140

PH LC 2
CC KT QU PHN TCH MU

141

PH LC 3
MT S HNH NH V HIN TRNG MI TRNG

142

PH LC 4
VN BNTHAM VN CNG NG

143

PH LC 5
CC BN V KM THEO

1.

Bn v s 01-TM: Bn v tr giao thng.
2. Bn v s 02-TM: Bn hin trng
3. Bn v s 03-TM: Bn khu vc khai thcv cc v tr ly mu
4. Bn v s 04-TM: Bn Tng mt bng
5. Bn v s 05-TM Bn m va
6. Bn v s 06-TM: Bn kt thc nm 1
7. Bn v s 07-TM: Bn kt thc nm th 5
8. Bn v s 08-TM: Bn kt thc nm th 10
9. Bn v s 09-TM: Bn kt thc khai thc, PHMT
10. Bn v s 10-TM: S cc v tr quan trc mi trng.

DTM TH 3 2011

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DTM TH 3 2011

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

CNG TY CP VT LIU XY DNG V KHONG SN BNH THUN

(Cng thc 3-7)

(Cng thc 3-10)

m (Cng thc 3-11)

(Cng thc 3-12)

(Cng thc 3-13)

(Cng thc 4-1)

You might also like