Bai 6 PDF

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com
BI 6 : LA CHN CC THIT B IN TRONG LI CUNG CP IN
H thng in bao gm cc thit b in c chp ni vi nhau theo
mt nguyn tc cht ch to nn mt c cu ng b, hon chnh. Mi thit
b in cn c la chn ng thc hin tt chc nng trong s cp
in v gp phn lm cho h thng cung cp in vn hnh m bo cc ch
tiu k thut , kinh t v an ton .
6.1 LA CHN MY BIN P
Trong s cp in, my bin p c vai tr rt quan trng, lm nhim
v bin i in p v truyn ti cng sut.
Ngi ta ch to my bin p rt a dng, nhiu kiu cch, kch c,
nhiu chng loi. Ngi thit k cn cn c vo c im ca i tng
dng in (khch hng) la chn hp l my bin p .
Thng k hiu my bin p nh sau :
Kiu my Cng sut U
1/
U
2

V d : 4JB 5444 3LA 250 24/0,4 l my bin p phn phi do
siemens ch to , kiu 4JB 5444 3LA , cng sut 250 (kVA), in p U
1
=
24(KV), U
2
= 0.4 (KV) .
TM 5600 35/10 l my bin p hai cun dy, du, cng sut 5600
(kVA), in p U
1
= 35(kV), do lin x (c) ch to .
Cng c khi k hiu n gin hn :
Kiu cng sut/in p cao
V d : 8CB8 400/35 l bin p phn phi, kh, cng sut 400(kVA)
in p 35/0,4 (KV) do ChongQing ch to .
La chn my bin p bao gm la chn s lng, cng sut, chng
loi, kiu cch v cc tnh nng khc ca my bin p .
S lng bin p t trong mt trm ph thuc vo tin cy cung cp
in cho ph ti trm .
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- Vi ph ti quan trng khng c php mt in, phi t hai bin p
.
- Vi cc x nghip hng tiu dng, khch sn, siu th (h loi 2) thng
t mt my bin p cng vi my pht d phng .
- Vi cc h nh sng sinh hat thng ch t mt trm my.
Cng sut my bin p c la chn theo cc cng thc sau :
vi trm mt my S
mB>
S
tt
(6.1)
vi trm hai my S
mB>
4 , 1
tt
S

(6.2)
Trong : S
mB
cng sut nh mc ca my bin p, nh ch to cho.
S
tt
- cng sut tnh ton, ngha l cng sut ln nht ca ph ti
1,4 - h s qu ti K
qt
.
Cn lu rng h s qu ti ph thuc vo thi gian qu ti. Ly K
qt
=
1,4 l ng vi iu kin thi gian nh sau : qu ti khng qu 5 ngy 5 m,
mi ngy khng qu 6 gi. Nu khng tho mn iu kin thi gian trn
phi tra th tm K
qt
trong s tay cung cp in hoc khng cho qu ti.
Hai cng thc (6.1) v (6.2) ch dng chn my bin p ch to trong
nc hoc vi my bin p ngoi nhp nhit i ho.
Khi s dng my ngoi nhp cha nhit i ho cn phi a vo cng
thc h s hiu chnh nhit K
hc
k n s chnh lch nhit gia mi
trng ch to vi mi trng s dng my.
K
hc
100
1
2 1
u u
=
(6.3)
Trong :
1
u - Nhit mi trng s dng ( C
)

2
u - Nhit mi trng ch to ( C
)
V d : Nu dng my bin p Nga Vit Nam th :
K
hc 81 , 0
100
5 24
1 =
=
Vi 24 - Nhit ( C
) trung bnh H Ni
5 - Nhit ( C
) trung bnh Mtcva

Khi , cng thc ( 6.1) v ( 6.2 ) c dng
S
mB
hc
tt
K
S
>
(6.4)

S
mB
hc
tt
K
S
. 4 , 1
>
(6.5)
Cng cn lu l my bin p rt t xy ra s c, nu nh kho st thng
k c trong h loi mt c mt s phn trm no h loi 3 c th ct
in khi cn thit vi thi gian k trn th khi mt bin p s c, bin p cn
li ch cn cung cp cho h loi 1. Kt qu l s la chn c c my nh
hn, hp l hn. Cng thc chn cng sut cho trm 2 my l :
S
mB
4 , 1
1
S
>
(6.6)
V d 6.1 : Yu cu chn my bin p cho khu chung c c ph ti in
S
tt
= 300 (kVA), in p trung p 22 ( kV ).
GII
V cp in cho khu trung c , trm t mt my s dng cng thc (6.1)
S
mB ) ( 300 kVA >
Chn my 315(kVA) do ABB ch to : 315 22/0,4
Trng hp ny nu dng my Nga, theo cng thc (6.4)
S
mB 370
81 , 0
300
= >
(kVA)
Chn my BAPP do Nga ch to : TM-400-22/0,4.
V d 6.2 : Yu cu chn my bin p cho trm bin p nh my luyn kim
c ph ti S
tt
= 1200 ( kVA) trong hai trng hp : khng bit h s % ph
ti loi 3 v bit ph ti loi 3 l 20%.
GII
Trm cp in cho nh my luyn kim phi t hai my bin p.
Khi khng bit s ph ti loi ba ca nh my, khi s c 1 my bin
p, my cn li phi cp cng sut 1200 ( kVA ).
p dng cng thc (6.2 )
S
mB ) ( 857
4 , 1
1200
kVA = >
Chn dng 2 my bin p do CTTB ng Anh ch to, cng sut
1000
( kVA )
2 4 , 0 / 22 1000
Trng hp kho st thng k c trong nh my c 20% ph ti
loi 3 (v d nh kho, nh hnh chnh, phn xng sa cha)
p dng cng thc ( 6.6 )
S
mB ) ( 685
4 , 1
1200 %. 80
4 , 1
1
kVA
S
= = >
Chn dng 2 my bin p do CTTB ng Anh ch to c cng sut
750
( kVA)
2 4 . 0 / 11 750
So snh hai phng n chn my:
Phng n chn 2 my 1000 kVA c li l khi mt my s c khng
phi ct in h loi 3 nhng c hi l vn u t ln, h s ti nh
K
t
6 , 0
2000
1200
2
= = =
dmB
tt
S
S

Phng n chn 2 my 750 ( kVA ) c li l vn u t nh, h s ti
cao
K
t
8 , 0
1500
1200
= =
Tuy nhin, khi s c mt my, my cn li cho php ti 1,4 s phi ct
mt lng ti loi 3 l:
1200 - 1,4 . 750 = 150 (kVA)
S % ti phi ct
Ngha l khng cn ct ht 20% ph ti loi 3.
6.2. LA CHN MY CT IN.
My ct in, k hiu MC, l thit b ng ct mch in cao (trn 1000
V). Ngoi nhim v ng, ct in ph ti phc v cho cng tc vn hnh,
my ct cn c chc nng ct dng in ngn mch bo v cc phn t
ca h thng cung cp in.
My ct cng c ch to nhiu chng loi, nhiu kiu cch, mu m.
C my ct t du, my ct nhiu du, my ct khng kh, my ct chn
khng, my ct kh SF
6
.
My ct hp b ( MCHB) l loi my ct ch to thnh t, trong t
sn my ct v 2 dao cch li, loi ny dng rt tin li cho cc trm bin p
hoc trm phn phi kiu trong nh.
My ct ph ti (MCPT) bao gm dao ct ph ti dng kt hp vi cu
ch, trong dao ct ph ti dng ng ct dng ph ti cn cu ch
(CDPT-CC) ct dng ngn mch. My ct ph ti r tin hn nhng lm
vic khng chc chn, tin cy bng my ct.
My ct in c chn v kim tra theo cc iu kin ghi trong bng
6.1;6.2
Bng 6.1 CC IU KIN CHN V KIM TRA MY CT.
Cc iu kin chn v kim tra iu kin
in p nh mc (kV)
Dng in nh mc (A)
U
mMC
> U
mL

I
mMC
> I
cb

Dng ct nh mc (kA)
Cng sut ct nh mc (MVA)
Dng in n nh ng (kA)

Dng in n nh nht (kA)
I
Cm
> I
N

S
Cm
> S
N
I

> i
xk

I
onh

dm nh
qd
t
t
I
.
>

Bng 6.2. IU KIN CHN V KIM TRA MY CT PH TI

in p nh mc (kV)
Dng in nh mc (A)
Dng in n nh ng (kA)

Dng n nh nht (kA)
Dng in nh mc ca cu ch (A)
Dng ct nh mc ca cu ch (kA)
Cng sut ct nh mc ca cu ch(MVA)
U
mMC
> U
mL

I
mMC
> I
cb

I

> i
xk

I
onh

dm nh
qd
t
t
I
.
>
I
mcc
> I
cb

I
cm
> I

S
cm
> S

Trong 2 bng trn :
U
mL
- in p nh mc ca li in (kV)
I
cb
- dng in cng bc, ngha l dng in lm vic ln nht
i qua my ct, xc nh theo s c th.
I
,I - dng ngn mch v cng v siu qu , trong tnh ton

ngn mch li cung cp in coi ngn mch l xa ngun cc tr s ny bng
nhau v bng dng ngn mch chu k.
i
xk
- dng in ngn mch xung kch ,l tr s tc thi ln nht
ca dng ngn mch :
i
xk
= 1,8 x 2 I
N

S
- cng sut ngn mch

S
= 3 U
tb
. I

t
nh.m
- thi gian n nh nhit nh mc, nh ch to cho tng ng
vi I
nh.m
(I
onh
)
t
q
- thi gian quy i , xc nh bng cch tnh ton v cha th
Trong tnh ton thc t li cung trung p, ngi ta cho php ly t
q
bng
thi gian tn ti ngn mch, ngha l bng thi gian ct ngn mch
Vy : I
cm
= I
nh.m

dm nh
t
t
I
c
.
>
Cc thit b in c I
m
> 1000 (A) khng cn kim tra n nh nhit.
V d 6.3 : Trm phn phi trung tm 22 (KV) ca 1 nh my c ln c s
cho trn hnh 6.1.Yu cu la chn cc my ct hp b trn s . Bit
cng sut tnh ton ca nh my l 8000 (kVA). Nh my c cp in t
trm bin p trung gian 110/22 (kV) cch 3 km bng DK 2 AC 95, my
ct u ngun loi 8BJ50 ca SIMENS c I
cm
= 25 (kA).

DK- 2AC 95;3km
22(kV)
8BJ50
BATG
MCT
MCT
N
P1-22(kV) P2-22(kV)
MCLL
MC1 MC8 MC9 MC16

Hnh 6.1.
Trm phn phi trung tm 22 (kV) ca nh my dng s 1HTTG phn
on bng MCLL.
/S: Chn 19 t my ct 8DC11 cho trm PPTT ca nh my .
V d 6.4: Trm p phn phi 1000(kVA)-22/0,4(kV) cp in cho khch
sn dng my ct ph ti (DCPT-CC)22 (kV).Bit dng ngn mch sau cu
ch trung p I
= 8 (kA), yu cu la chn my ct ph ti cho TBAPP.

GII
Dng cng bc qua my ct chnh l dng nh mc ca bin p vi gi
thit khng cho bin p qu ti (nu cho bin p qu ti thi:I
qt
= 1,25I
mB

(trm 1 my ), I
qt
= 1,4 I
mB
(trm 2 my )
I
cb
= I
mB
= ) ( 27 , 26
22 . 3
1000
A =
Chn dng dao ct ph ti ca ABB kt hp vi b cu ch ng ca Siemens
c cc thng s k thut ghi trong bng.
THNG S K THUT CA DAO CT PH TI DO ABB CH TO
Loi dao ct ph
ti
U
m
(kV) I
m
(A) I
Nmax
(kA) I
N3s
(kA)
NPS 24 B1/A1 24 400 40 10

THNG S K THUT CA CU CH NG DO SIEMENS CH TO
Loi cu ch ng U
m
(kV) I
m
(A) I
Nmax
(kA) I
N3s
(kA)
3GD1 406-4B 24 32 31,5 27

Cn c dng ngn mch cho, lp bng kim tra b DCTT-CC


BNG KIM TRA DCTT-CC CHN

Cc i lng chn v kim tra Kt qu
in p nh mc (kV)
Dng in nh mc (A)
Dng n nh ng (kA)

Dng n nh nhit (kA)

Dng in nh mc cc (A)
Dng ct nh cc (kA)
Cng sut ct nh mc cc (MVA)
U
mCDPT-CC
= 24 > U
mL
= 22
I
mCDPT
= 400 > I
cb
= 16,27
I
.

m
= 40 > 3 , 20 8 . 8 , 1 . 2 =
I
nh.

m
=10 > 8.
3
8 , 0

I
mCC
= 22 > I
cb
= 26,27
I
cdmcc
= 40 > I
= 8
S
cm
= 23 . 8 . 3 40 . 24 . 3 >

6.3.LA CHN CU CH, DAO CCH LY
Cu ch l phn t yu nht trong h thng cung cp in do ngi
thit k to ra nhm ct t mch in khi c dng in ln qu tr s cho
php i qua. V th chc nng ca cu ch l bo v qu ti v ngn mch.
Cn lu l dy ch ch to rt kh ng nht tit din v kh kh ht tp
cht nn lm vic khng c tin cy lm, khng ct dng tht chnh xc, v
th chc nng ch yu l bo v ngn mch, cu ch lm d phng bo v
qu ti cho ptmt hoc khi ng t.
Dao cch ly (cn gi l cu dao)c nhim v ch yu l cch ly phn c
in v phn khng c in to khong cch an ton trng thy phc v cho
cng tc s cha, kim tra, bo dng.S d khng cho dao cch ly ng ct
mch khi mang ti v khng c b phn dp h quang.Tuy nhin, c th cho
php dao cch ly ng, ct khng ti bin p khi cng sut my khng ln
(thng nh hn 1000kVA)
Cu ch dao cch ly c ch tao vi mi cp in p.
Trong li cung cp in, cu ch c th dng ring r, nhng thng dng
kt hp vi dao cch ly hoc dao ct ph ti.Dao cch ly cng c th dng
ring r,nhng thng dng kt hp vi my ct v cu ch.
6.3.1 La chn dao cch ly, cu ch cao p
Trong li in cao p, cu ch thng dng cc v tr sau:
- Bo v my bin in p
- Kt hp vi dao ct ph ti thnh b my ct ph ti trung p bo
v cc ng dy.
- t pha cao p(6, 10, 22, 35 Kv) cc trm bin p phn phi bo
v ngn mch cho my bin p.
Cu ch c cu to nhiu loi, nhiu kiu, in p trung ph bin nht l
cu ch ng. Cng nhc li l in p trung ngi ta cn thng dng cu
ch t ri (CCTR) thay cho b cu dao - cu ch (CD-CC)
Trong li in cung cp trung v cao p, dao cch ly t dng ring r
thng dng kt hp.
- Kt hp vi my ct trong t my ct hoc b MC-DCL
- Kt hp vi cu ch trung p t ti cc trm bin p phn phi.
Cu ch v cu dao cch li trung, cao p c chn v kim tra theo cc iu
kin ghi trong bng 6.3 v 6.4.
Bng 6.3.CC IU KIN CHN V KIM TRA DAO CCH LY
Cc iu kin chn v kim tra

iu kin
in p nh mc (kV) U
m DCL >
U
m L

Dng in nh mc (A)
Dng in n nh ng (kA)

Dng in n nh nhit (kA)

I
m DCL
>I
cb

I
.m
> I
xk

I
nhm
dm nh
qd
t
t
I
.
>

Bng 6.4 CC IU KIN CHN V KIM TRA CU CH

in p nh mc (kV)
Dng in nh mc (A)
Dng ct nh mc (kA)
Cng sut ct nh mc ca cu ch(MVA)
U
mcc
> U
mL

I
mcc
> I
cb

I
mcc
> I

S
cm
> S

V d 6.5 Trm bin p ca mt x nng nghip t 1 my bin p 320
(kVA) in p 10/0.4 (kV) . Bit rng trm c cp in t TBATG 35/10
(kV) ca huyn cch 3 km bng DK 10, dy AC 35. My ct u
ng dy l ca Lin X (c) mt catalog. Yu cu tnh ton 2 phng
n :
1. Chn cu ch t ri 10 (kV) cho trm
2. Chn DL CC 10 (kV) cho trm
6.3.2 La chn cu dao, cu ch h p
li h p thng gi dao cch li l cu dao. Ngi ta ch to cu dao 1
pha, 2 pha, 3 pha, vi s cc khc nhau: 1 cc, 2 cc, 3 cc, 4 cc. V kh
nng ng ct, cu dao c ch to gm hai loi:
- Cu dao ( thng, khng ti) ch lm nhim v cch li ng ct khng ti
hoc dng nh.
- Cu dao ph ti lm nhim v cch li v ng ct dng ph ti.
Cu ch h p cng c ch to gm 3 loi.
- Cu ch thng thng ( khng lm nhim v cch li, ct ti )
- Cu ch cch li c mt u c nh, mt u m ra c nh dao cch li
lm nhim v cch li nh cu dao.
- Cu ch ct ti l cu ch cch ly c th ng ct dng ph ti nh cu dao
ph ti.
Ngi ta cng ch to b cu dao - cu ch theo 2 loi :
- B cu dao - cu ch thng thng
- B cu dao ph ti - cu ch
Bng 6.5. ch ra k hiu, s v chc nng ca tng loi cu dao, cu ch
h p.
Cu ch h p c c trng bi 2 i lng :
I
dc
- dng nh mc ca dy chy cu ch, A
I
v
- dng nh mc ca v cu ch (bao gm c v np).
Khi la chn cu ch h p phi la chn c I
dc
v I
v
. Thng chn I
v
ln
hn I
dc
vi cp khi dy chy t qu ti, ngn mch hoc khi cn tng ti
ta ch cn thay dy chy ch khng cn thay v. K hiu dy cu ch h
p cho trn hnh 6.4

Bng 6.5. CC LOI CU DAO, CU CH H P
Loi K hiu Chc nng
Cu dao (dao cch ly)

CD (DCL)
Cch ly, ng ct dng
nh
Cu dao ph ti (dao
ct ti)

Cch ly, ng ct ph
ti
Cu ch Bo v qu ti v ngn
mch
Cu ch cch ly Cch ly, bo v qu ti
v ngn mch
Cu ch ct ti Bo v qu ti v ngn
mch
ng ct dng in ph
ti
B cu dao cu ch

Bo v qu ti v ngn
mch, cch ly
B cu dao ph ti - cu
ch
Bo v qua ti v ngn
mch
ng ct dng in ph
ti

Hnh 6.4. K hiu y cu ch h p v cc v d
CC
CCCL
CCCL
CDPT
CD - CC
CDPT - CC
I
v
(A)

I
dc
(A)
30
15
200
100
500
200
Cng cn lu l :
Khi ni cu ch 100 (A) phi hiu cu ch c v I
v
= 100 (A)
Khi ni b cu dao - cu ch 100 (A) phi hiu l
I
CD
= I
vCC
= 100 (A)
Trong li h p cu ch v cu dao thng c t kh xa ngun (
TBAPP ) v th dng ngn mch qua chng nh, nn khng cn kim tra
cc i lng lin quan n dng ngn mch.
1. La chn cu dao h p
Cu dao h p c chn theo 2 iu kin :
U
mCD >
U
mL
I
mCD >
I
tt
Trong : U
mC
- in p nh mc cu cu dao, thng ch to 220 (V),
230 (V), 250 (V), 380 (V), 400 (V), 440 (V), 500 (V), 690 (V).
U
mL
- in p nh mc ca li in h p, c tr s 220(V)
(in p pha ), hoc 380 (V) (in p dy ).
Ngoi ra cn phi ch n s pha, s cc, kh nng ct ti, trong nh,
ngoi tri .v.v...
2. La chn cu ch h p
a) Trong li in thp sng, sinh hot
Cu ch c chn theo 2 iu kin
U
mCC
>U
mL

I
dc
> I
tt

Trong :
U
mCC
- in p nh mc ca cu ch, ch to cc c in p nh vi
cu dao
I
dc
- dng nh mc ca dy chy, (A), nh ch to cho
I
tt
- dng in tnh ton, l dng lu di ln nht chy qua dy chy
cu ch, (A).
- Vi ph ti mt pha (v d cc thit b in gia dng)
I
tt

cos
pdm
dm
dm
U
P
I = =
Trong : U
pm
- in p pha nh mc, bng 220(V)
cos - h s cng sut
vi n si t, bn l, bp in, bnh nng lnh, cos 1 =
vi qut, t lnh, iu ho, n tup, cos 8 , 0 =
vi cn h gia nh, cos = 0,85
vi lp hc dng qut + n si t, cos = 0,9
vi lp hc dng qut + n tup, cos = 0,8
-Vi ph ti 3 pha :
I
tt
cos 3
dm
tt
U
P
=
Trong : U
m
- in p dy nh mc, bng 380 (V)
cos - ly theo ph ti
a) Trong li in cng nghip
Ph ti ch yu ca li cng nghip l cc my mc cng c, cc ng c.
S cp in cho cc ng c gii thiu trn hnh 5.7. Khi ng t
(KT) lm nhim v ng m v bo v qu ti cho ng c. Cu ch ch
lm nhim v bo v ngn mch cho ng c v dy dn.
- Cu ch bo v 1 ng c
Cu ch bo v 1 ng c chn theo 2 iu kin :
I
dc
>I
tt
= K
t
.I
m
I
dc

o
mm
I
> =
o
D
.
dm mm
I K

Trong : K
t
- h s ti ca ng c,nu khng bit ly K
t
= 1 ;
I
m
dng nh mc ca ng c tnh theo cng thc :
I
m
=
q
dm dm
dmD
U cos 3
P

Trong : U
m
= 380 (V) l in p nh mc 3 pha h p
cos
m
- h s cng sut nh mc ca ng c, nh ch to
cho, thng cos = 0,8 ;
q - hiu sut ca ng c, nu khng bit ly bng 1 ;
K
mm
- h s m my ca ng c, nh ch to cho, thng
K
mm
= 5,6,7.
o - h s ly nh sau :
vi ng c m my nh ( hoc khng ti ) nh my bm, my ct gt
kim loi o = 2,5
vi ng c m my nng ( c ti ) nh cn cu, cu trc, my nng
o = 1,6

Hnh 6 - 5.Cu ch bo v 1 ng c (CC2,CC3),bo v 2 ng c (CC1) v
c nhm ng c (CCT)
- Cu ch bo v 2, 3 ng c
Trong thc t, cm 2, 3 ng c nh hoc 1 ng c ln cng 1, 2
ng c nh gn c th c cp in chung 1 ng dy v c bo
v chung bng 1 cu ch (nh 1, 2 trn hnh 6 5 )
Trng hp ny cu ch c chn theo 2 iu kin sau:
I
dc
dmi
n
ti
I K .
>
(6.19)

I
dc
o
+
>
1
max
.
n
dmi ti mm
I K I

(6.20)
o ly theo tnh cht ca ng c m my
- Cu ch tng bo v nhm ng c
Cu ch tng c chn theo 3 iu kin
I
dc >
I
tt
(6.21)
I
dc >
o
mm
I

(6.22)
iu kin (6.21); (6.22) l iu kin chn lc, ngha l CCT ch chy
khi c ngn mch trn thanh ci t in, cn khi xy ra ngn mch ti
ng c no hoc dy dn no th ch cu ch nhnh chy, m bo
cho c nhm khng mt in. Mun vy, ngi ta quy c phi chn I
dc

ca cu ch tng ln hn t nht l hai cp so vi I
dc
ca cu ch nhnh
ln nht.
Trong cc cng thc ( 6.21 ) v ( 6.22 ), dng in tnh ton ca nhm
c th xc nh theo 2 cch :
Nu bit K
t
th xc nh theo ( 6.19 )
Nu khng bit K
t
th xc nh theo ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut
trung bnh v h s cc i
khi I
tt
xc nh theo ( 6.19 ) iu kin 2 tnh theo ( 6.20 )
Khi I
tt
xc nh theo ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h
s cc i iu kin 2 tnh theo biu thc
I
dc
o
) . (
max dm sd tt mm
I K I I +
>
(6.23)
Trong : K
sd
. I
m
- ng vi ng c c I
mmmax

V d 6.7 : Yu cu la chn cu ch bo v bng n si t 100 (V)
/S: I
dc
= 2 (A), I
v
= 5 (A)
V v 6.8:Yu cu chn cc b CC-CD cho t in ca nh ging ng
2 tng, mi tng c 6 lp hc
/S:
Kt qu la chn cc b CC-CD cho nh ging ng nh hnh 6.6

Hnh 6.6. T in nh ging ng v cc b CC-CD chn

V d 6.10: Yu cu chn 3 cu ch nhnh v b CC-CD tng cho t in
cp in cho 4 ng c c cc thng s k thut cho trong bng sau

ng c P
m
(kW) Cos K
mm
K
t
q
My mi 10 0,8 5 0,8 0,9
Cu trc 8 0,8 7 0,8 0,9
My phay 10 0,8 5 0,8 0,9
My khoan 4,5 0,8 7 0,8 0,9
GII
La chn CC1:
I
dc 9 , 16 125 , 21 . 8 , 0
9 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 38 , 0 . 3
10
8 , 0
D1
= = = >
tt
I
(A)
I
dc 25 , 42
5 . 2
125 . 21 . 5
= >
(A)
Chn cu ch h p I
dc
= 50(A), I
v
= 100(A)
La chn CC2 :
I
dc
52 , 13 9 , 16 . 8 , 0
9 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 38 , 0 . 3
8
8 , 0
2
= = = >
ttD
I (A)
I
dc 9 , 73
6 , 1
9 , 16 . 7
= >
(A)
Chn cu ch h p c I
dc
= 80(A), I
v
= 100(A)
La chn CC3 :
Cu ch bo v 2 ng c
I
dc 95 , 0 . 8 , 0 125 , 21 . 8 , 0
8 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 38 , 0 . 3
5 , 4
8 , 0
8 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 38 , 0 . 3
10
8 , 0
2
1
+ = + = >
dmi ti
I K
(A)
I
dc 29 , 45
5 , 2
5 , 9 . 8 , 0 125 , 21 . 5
4 4 3
=
+
=
+
>
o
dmD t mmD
I K I
(A)
Chn cu ch h p c I
dc
= 50 (A), I
v
= 100(A)
La chn CCT :
I
dc | | 92 , 59 5 , 9 125 , 21 9 , 16 125 , 21 8 , 0
4
1
= + + + = >
dmi ti
I K
(A)
I
dc
| |
25 , 89
6 , 1
5 , 9 125 , 21 125 , 21 8 , 0 9 , 16 . 7
3
1
2
=
+ + +
=
+
>

o
dmi ti mmD
I K I
(A)
Theo kt qu tnh ton trn, l ra c th chn I
dc
= 100(A)
Nhng theo iu kin chn lc, chn b CD-CC c I
dc
= 150(A), I
CD
=
I
CCT
= 200(A)
Kt qu la chn cu ch ghi trn hnh 6-7

Hnh 6-7
6.4 LA CHN PTMT
ptmt l thit b ng ct h p c chc nng bo v qu ti v
ngn mch.
Do c u im hn hn cu ch l kh nng lm vic chc chn, tin
cy, an ton, ng ct ng thi 3 pha v kh nng t ng ho cao trn
ptmt mc d c gi tr t hn vn ngy cng c dng rng ri
trong li in h p cng nghip, dch v cng nh li in sinh hot.
ptmt c ch to vi in p khc nhau : 400 (A), 440 (A), 500 (A),
600 (A), 690 (A).
Ngi ta cng ch to cc loi ptmt 1 pha, 2 pha, 3 pha vi s cc
khc nhau : 1 cc, 2 cc, 3 cc, 4 cc.K hiu ca ptmt cho bng
di y

Ngoi ptmt thng thng, ngi ta cn ch to loi chng r in.
ptmt chng r t ng ct mch in nu dng r c tr s 30mA,
100mA hoc 300mA tu loi.
ptmt c chn theo 3 iu kin
U
mA

dmLD
U > (6.24)
I
mA
tt
I >
(6.25)
I
cmA
N
I >
(6.26)
V d 6.11 : Yu cu chn ptmt tng cho cn h gia nh co cng
sut t 6 (kW).
V d 6.12 : Trm bin p phn phi 250 (kVA), in p 10/0,4 (KV)
cp in cho hai dy ph, mi dy c cng sut tnh ton 100 (KV). Yu
cu la chn cc ptmt t trong t phn phi ca trm.

6.5 LA CHN THANH GP
Thanh gp cn li la thanh ci hoc thanh dn. Thanh gp c dng
trong cc t ng lc, t phn phi h p, trong cc t my ct, cc trm
phn phi nh my, ngoi tri.Vi cc t in cao p v trm phn phi
trong nh dng thanh gp cng vi trm phn phi ngoi tri thng dng
thanhgp mm.
Ngi ta ch to thanh gp nhiu kiu dng, chng loi. C thanh gp
bng ng v bng nhm. Thanh gp nhm thng ch dng vi dng in
nh, thanh gp ng thng dng cho mi tr s dng in.
V hnh dng, thanh gp ph bin nht c hnh ch nht, khi ng in
ln c th ghp 2, 3 thanh trong mt pha, cng c th dng thanh gp trong,
hnh mng, hnh vnh khuyn.
Trong li cung cp in, pha trung p thng dng cc t hp b, trong
t sn thanh gp v nh ch to cho kh nng chu cc dng n
nh ng, n nh nhit. Cc t phn phi cc t ng lc cn phi tnh
ton, thit k, lp t cho ph hp vi tng i tng s dng. Thanh ci t
trong cc t phn phi ca TBAPP, t phn phi ca khu dn c, phn
xng hoc trong cc t ng lc phn xng, t nh cao tng thng c
dng khng ln lm, ch cn dng thanh gp ch nht.
Thanh gp trong li cung cp in c chn theo dng pht nng v
kim tra theo iu kin n nh ng, n nh nhit ngn mch.
BNG 5.6 CC IU KIN CHN V KIM TRA THANH GP
Cc i lng chn v kim tra iu kin
Dng in pht nng lu di cho
php (A)
Kh nng n nh ng (kG/m
2
)
K
1
K
2
I
cp >
I
cp

tt cp
o o >
F
qd
t I
> o

Kh nng n nh nhit (mm
2
)

Trong :
K
1
= 1 Vi thanh gp t ng
K
1
= 0,95 Vi thanh gp t ngang
K
2
- h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng ( tra s tay )
o
cp
- ng sut cho php ca vt liu lm thanh gp
vi thanh gp nhm o
cp
=700 kG/cm
2

o
cp
ng sut tnh ton xut hin trong thanh gp do tc ng ca
lc in
ng dng ngn mch
o
tt
=
W
M
(kG/cm
2
) (6.27)
M mmen un tnh ton
M =
W
l F
tt
.
( kG/cm
2
) (6.27)
F
tt
- lc tnh ton do tc ng ca dng ngn mch
F
tt
= 1,68.10
-2

a
l
i
xk
(kG)
l - khong cch gia cc s ca 1 pha, cm;
a - khong cch gia cc pha, cm;
w - mmen chng un ca thanh gp, tnh theo cng thc
tng ng vi tng kiu dng, cho tng bng.


Bng 6- 11 MMEN CHNG UN CA CC LOI THANH GP

Vd 6.13 : Yu cu la chn thanh gp t trong t phn phi h p
ca trm bin p 315 (kVA) 10/0,4 (kV)
6.6. LA CHN DY DN V CP.
6.6.1. Gii thiu chung v cc phng php v phm vi p dng
C 3 phng php la chn tit din dy dn v cp.
1.Chn tit din theo mt kinh t ca dng in J
kt

J
kt
(A/mm
2
) l s ampe ln nht trn 1 mm
2
tit din kinh t. Tit din
chn theo phng php ny s c li v kinh t.
Phng php chn tit din dy theo J
kt
p dng vi li in c in
p U 110 > (kW), bi v trn li ny khng c thit b s dng in trc
tip u vo,
vn in p khng cp bch, ngha l yu cu khng tht cht ch.
Li trung p th v x nghip ni chung khong cch ti in ngn, thi
gian s dng cng sut ln cng c chn theo J
kt

Thanh ch nht
t ng
(a)
t ngang
( b )

Thanh ch nht rng
( C )
Thanh trn
( d )
Thanh trn rng
( e )
W
6
2
bh
= W
6
2
bh
= W
6
3
1
3
h h
= W
32
3
D t
= W
( )
32
3 3
d D
=
t

b
h
b
h h
1 h
D
a b
c d e
2.Chn tit din theo in p cho php
cp
U A
Phng php la chn tit din ny ly ch tiu cht lng in lm
iu kin tin quyt. Chnh v th n c p dng la chn tit din dy
cho li in nng thn, thng ng dy ti in kh di, ch tiu in p
rt r b vi phm.
3.Chn ng dy dn theo dng pht nng lu di cho php J
cp

Phng php ny tn dng ht kh nng ti ca dy dn v cp, p
dng cho li h p thi , cng nghip v sinh hot.
Bng 6 12 PHM VI P DNG CC PHNG PHP LA CHN
TIT DIN DY DN V CP
Li in J
kt

cp
U A J
cp

Cao p Mi i tng - -
Trung p thi, cng
nghp
Nng thn -
H p - Nng thn th ,cng
nghip

Tit din d chn theo phng php no cng phi tho mn cc iu kin
k thut sau y :

btcp bt
U U A s A (6.30)

sccp sc
U U A s A (6.31)
I
sc
cp
I s
(6.32)

Trong :

sc bt
U U A A , - l tn tht in p lc ng dy lm vic bnh
thng v khi ng dy b s c nng n nht (t 1 ng dy trong l
kp, t ng dy trong mch kn)

sccp btcp
U U A A , - Tr s U A cho php lc bnh thng v s
c .
Vi U 110 > (kV) ;
dm cpbt
U U % 10 = A

dm cpsc
U U % 20 = A
Vi U ( ) kV 35 s ;
dm cpbt
U U % 5 = A

dm cpsc
U U % 10 = A
I
sc
, I
cp
- dng n s c ln nht qua dy dn v dng in pht nng lu di
cho php.
Ngoi ra, tit din dy dn ng dy trn khng phi tho mn cc
iu kin v bn c hc v tn tht vng quang.
Ring vi cp mi cp in p phi tho mn iu kin n nh
nhit dng ngn mch.
F
qd
t I . .

> o
Trong :
o - h s, vi nhm 11 = o , vi ng 6 = o
t
q
- thi gian quy i, vi ngn mch trung, h p cho php ly
t
q
= t
c
= (0,5 : 1)
6.6.2 LA CHN TIT DIN THEO J
kt
.
Trnh t la chn tit din theo phng php ny nh sau :
1. Cn c vo loi dy nh dng ( dy dn hoc cp ) v vt
liu lm dy ( nhm hoc ng) v ch s T
max
tra bng tri
s J
kt
.

Bng 6 - 13 TR S J
kt
(A/MM
2
) THEO T
max
V LOI DY.

Loi dy T
max
(h)
< 3000 3000 - 5000 > 5000
Dy ng 2,5 2,1 1,8
Dy A, AC 1,3 1, 1
Cp ng 3,5 3,1 2,7
Cp nhm 1,6 1,4 1,2

Nu ng dy cp in cho nhiu ph ti c T
max
khc nhau th xc
nh tr s trung bnh ca T
max
theo biu thc :
T
maxtb
~ =
i
i i
i
i i
P
T P
S
T S
max max

Trong :
S
i
, P
i
l ph ti in, ph ti tnh ton ca h tiu th.
2.Xc nh tr s dng in ln nht chy trn cc on dy :
I
ij

cos . 3 . 3 .
dm
ij
dm
ij
U n
P
U n
S
= =
Vi n - s l ng dy( l n n = 1, l kp n = 2 )
3.Xc nh tit din kinh t tng on.
F
ktij

kt
ij
J
I
=
Cn c vo tr s F
ktij
tnh c, tra s tay tm tit din tiu chun gn
nht b hn.
4.Kim tra tit din chn theo cc iu kin k thut t (6.30) n (6.33).
Nu c 1 iu kin khng tho mn, phi nng tit din ln 1 cp v th li.

V d 6.14 : Yu cu la chn dy dn cho ng dy 10 (kV) cp in cho
2 x nghip hnh 6.9 . cc s liu ph ti trong bng.
Ph ti S (kVA) Cos T
max
(h)
X nghip 1 2000 0,8

5200
X nghip 2 1000 0,7 4000

Hnh 6.9. ng dy 10 (kV) cp in cho 2 x nghip
/S : Vy chn dy dn cho ton b ng dy nh sau :
on A1 : 2AC-95
on 12 : AC-50
6.6.3. Chn tit din dy dn theo AU
cp

Xut pht t nhn xt: Khi tit din dy dn thay i th in tr thay
i theo cn in khng th t thay i, tra s tay thy x
o
( km / O ) c gi tr x
o

= 0,330,45 bt k c dy dn v khong cch gia cc pha. V th c th
cho 1 tr s x
o
ban u nm trong khong gi tr trn th sai s phm phi l
khng ln.
Tn tht in p c xc nh theo biu thc bit :
AU U U
U
QX
U
PR
U
QX PR
dm dm dm
' ' A + ' A = + =
+
=
Khi cho gi tr x
o
, tnh c :

dm
o
dm
U
Ql
x
U
QX
U = = ' ' A
T y xc nh c U U U
cp
' ' A A = ' A
Mt khc
dm dm
U F
l p P
U
PR
U
.
. .
= = ' A
4 km 3 km A 1 2
Suy ra : F
U U
l p P
dm
' A
=
.
. .

Vy trnh t xc nh tit din dy theo phng php ny nh sau :
1. Cho mt tr s x
o
ln cn 0,4 ( km / O ), trng hp tng qut ng dy n
ti, tnh c

ij
ij
dm
o
l Q
U
x
U .
= ' ' A (6.37)

2. Xc nh thnh phn U' A
U U U
cp
' ' A A = ' A (6.38)
3. Xc nh tit din tnh ton theo
cp
U A :
F
' A
= Pl
U U
P
dm
.
(6.39)
Chn tit din tiu chun gn nht ln hn .
4. Kim tra li tit din chn theo cc tiu chun k thut (6.30), (6.31),
(6.32).
Trong cc cng thc trn :
Q (kVAr) , P (kW) , l (km) , U' A (V) , U
m
(kV )
V d 6.15 : DK-10 (kV) cp in cho hai ph ti nng thn t im A trn
ng trc 10 (kV) ca huyn. Cho bit tn tht in p cho php t im r
A v ph ti 2 l 3% U
m
(H6.10). Yu cu xc nh tit din dy dn cho
ng dy A12.

Hnh 6.10. ng dy cp in cho 2 ph ti
p n : Chn dy AC- 50 .
400 (kVA)
cos = 0,8
200 (kVA)
cos = 0,8
1 2
5 km 3 km A
DK-10(kV)
6.6.4. Chn tit din theo I
cp

Cng thc xc nh tit din theo I
cp
rt n gin
K
1
K
2
I
cp
>I
tt
(6.40)
Trong :
K
1
- H s hiu chnh nhit k n s chnh lch nhit mi
trng ch to v mi trng t dy, tra s tay ;
K
2
- H s hiu chnh nhit , k n s lng cp t chung mt
rnh, tra s tay
I
cp
- Dng pht nng cho php, nh ch to cho ng vi tng loi dy,
tng tit din dy, tra s tay ;
I
tt
- Dng in lm vic ln nht (di hn) qua dy.
Tit din dy sau khi chn theo (6.40) phi th li mi iu kin k thut,
ngoi ra cn phi kim tra iu kin kt hp vi cc thit b bo v.
Nu bo v bng cu ch :
K
1
K
2
I
cp

o
dc
I
>
o = 3 vi mch ng lc (cp in cho cc my)
8 , 0 = o vi mch sinh hot.
Nu bo v bng ptmt
K
1
K
2
I
cp

5 , 1
25 , 1
dmA
I
>
Vi 1,25 I
mA
l dng khi ng nhit (I
k.nh
) ca ptmt, trong 1,25 l
h s ct qu ti ca ptmt.
V d 6.16. Yu cu la chn dy dn cp in cho ng c my mi c s
liu k thut cho theo bng di y, bit rng dy dn i chung 1 rnh vi
5 dy khc, nhit mi trng +30
0
C ,dy c bo v bng cu ch c I
dc

= 50 (A)

ng c P
m
(kW) Cos K
mm
q
My mi 10 0,8 5 0,9

V d 6.17. Yu cu la chn ng dy trc h p cho 1 cn h gia nh c
cng sut t P
d
= 6 (kW), bit rng cn h c bo v bng cu ch tng
I
dc
= 30 (A)
p n : chn dy M (24)
V d 6.18. Yu cu la chn cp tng h p dn in t my bin p 250
(kVA) = 10/0,4 (kV) sang t phn phi ca trm di 10 m (H.6.12), bit my
bin p khng cho php qu ti, nhit T = +20
o
C.
Vy chn cp tng PVC (3150 + 1.95)
p n : PVC (3150 + 1.95)
Bi tp bi 6
BT6.1. Yu cu la chn b CD-CCT v cc cu ch nhnh t trong t
ng lc cp in cho mt nhm my cng c c cc s liu trong bng di
y.
ng c P
m

(kW)
Cos K
mm
K
t

q
My mi 12 0,8 5 0,8 0,9
My khoan 7,5 0,8 5 0,8 0,9
My tin 1 5 0,8 5 0,8 0,9
My tin 2 4 0,8 5 0,8 0,9
Qut gi 1,7 0,8 5 0,8 0,9

BT.6.2. Yu cu la chn cu ch b CD-CC hp bo v ng dy v mt
xm ng c 25 h dn nng nghip.
BT.6.3. Yu cu chn b CD-CCT v 2 cu ch nhnh trong hp in cp
in cho 1 my bm v ph ti chiu sng, sau chn dy dn ti my
bm v ti ph ti chiu sng, khng yu cu kim tra AU v iu kin ngn
mch. Cc s liu cho trn hnh BT6.
8 , 0 cos , W) ( 20 = = k P
CS
5
7 , 0 cos , ) ( 14
=
= =
mm
B
K
kW P

BT.6.4. Yu cu la chn tit din dy dn theo J
kt
cho ng dy cp in
ti 3 ph ti. Cc s liu cho trn hnh BT6.4

1200(kVA), cos 8 , 0 =
T
max
= 5500 (h)
500(kVA), cos 7 , 0 =
T
max
= 4500 (h)
750(kVA), cos 7 , 0 =
T
max
= 3000 (h)
U
m
= 10(kV)
5km
3km
2km
3km 2km 2km
800(kVA),
cos 6 , 0 =

500(kVA),
cos 8 , 0 =

200(kVA),
cos 8 , 0 =

A
A 1
2 3
1
2
BT.6.5.Trm phn phi 22 kV cp in cho 10 ph ti.Trm in t trm
BATG 110/22 (kV) cch 5 km qua 2 my ct u ngun ca Siemens c I
cm

= 40 (kV). Cc s liu cho trn hnh BT6.5

Yu cu :
1.La chn dy dn DK 22 (kV) cp in cho trm PP
2. La chn ton b cc my ct trong trm PP




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thien731987@gmail.

) trung bnh Mtcva

,I - dng ngn mch v cng v siu qu , trong tnh ton

- cng sut ngn mch

= 8 (kA), yu cu la chn my ct ph ti cho TBAPP.

= ' ' A (6.37)

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