Hallar la solucin general de cada una de las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales. (Pg.

480)

(1)

d 2 x dx

2x = 0
dt 2 dt
r 2 r 2 = 0
(r 2)(r +1) = 0
r1 = 2; r2 = 1
x = C1e 2 t + C2 e t

(2)

d 2 y 4dy

+ 3y = 0
dx 2
dx
r 2 4r + 3 = 0
( r 1)( r 3) = 0
r1 = 1; r2 = 3.
y = C1e x + C2 e 3 x

(3)

d 2s
ds
2 + s = 0
2
dt
dt
r 2 2r +1 = 0
(r 1)( r 1) = 0
r1 = r2 = 1
s = C1e t + C2 te t
s = (C1 +tC2 ). e t

(4)

d 2x
+ 16 x = 0
dt 2

r 2 +16 = 0
r = 16 = 4i
a = 0; b = 4
x = e at ( C1Cos(bt ) +C2 Sen(bt ))
x = e 0 (C1Cos( 4t ) +C2 Sen (4t ))
x = C1 .cos(4t ) +C2 sen( 4t ).

(5)

d 2s
4s = 0
dt 2
r 2 4 = 0
r = 4 = 2
r1 = 2; r2 = 2
s = C1e 2 t +C2 e 2 t

(6)

d2y
dy
+4
=0
2
dx
dx
r 2 + 4r = 0
r (r + 4) = 0
r1 = 0; r2 = 4
y = C1e 0. x + C2 e 4 x
y = C1 + C2 e 4 x

(7)

d 2s
ds
+ 2 + 2s = 0
2
dt
dt
r 2 + 2r + 2 = 0
1
r1 = ( a + a 2 4b )
2
1
r1 = ( 2 + 4 8 )
2
1
r1 = ( 2 + 4 )
2
1
r1 = ( 2 + 2i )
2
r1 = 1 + i
r2 = 1 i
a = 1; b = 1.
s = e at (C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
s = e x (C1 cos t + C2 sen t )

(8)

d 2s
ds
2 + 5s = 0
2
dt
dt

r 2 2r + 5 = 0
r1 = 1 2 ( a + a 2 4b )
r1 = 1 2 (2 + 4 (4)(5) )
r1 = 1 2 (2 + 16 )
r1 = 1 + 2i
r2 = 1 2i
a = 1; b = 2
s = eat (C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
s = et (C1 cos 2t + C2 sen 2t )
(9)

d 2
d
5
+ 4 = 0
2
dt
dt
r 2 5r + 4 = 0
(r 1)( r 4) = 0
r1 = 1; r2 = 4

= C1er 1t + C2 er 2 t
= C1et + C2 e4 t
(10)

d2y
dy
+ 6 + 9y = 0
2
dx
dx
r 2 + 6r + 9 = 0
( r + 3)(r + 3) = 0
r1 = r2 = 3
y = C1er 1x + C2 xer 2 x
y = C1e 3 x + C2 xe 3 x
y = ( C1 + xC2 )e 3 x

(11).

d2y
dy
+ 5 + 6y = 0
2
dx
dx
r 2 + 5r + 6 = 0
(r + 2)( r + 3) = 0
r1 = 2;
r2 = 3;
y = C1e 2 x + C2 e 3 x

(12).

d 2s
+ 3s = 0
dt 2
r 2 +3 = 0
r=

3 = 3i

a = 0; b = 3i
s = eat (C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
s = e0 (C1 cos 3i . t + C2 sen 3i . t )
s = C1 cos 3i . t + C2 sen 3i . t

(13).

d 2s
3s = 0
dt 2
r 2 3 = 0
r1 = 3
r2 = 3
s = C1e

3 .t

+ C2 e

3 .t

(14).

d2y
dy
n
=0
2
dx
dx
r 2 nr = 0
r (r n) = 0
r1 = 0; r2 = n
y = C1e r 1x + C2 e r 2 x
y = C1e 0 + C2 e nx
y = C1 + C2 e nx

(15).

d 2s
ds
6 + 25s = 0
2
dt
dt

r 2 6r + 25 = 0
r1 = 1 2 ( a + a 2 4b )
r1 = 1 2 (6 + 36 (4)(25) )
r1 = 1 2 (6 + 64 )
r1 = 1 2 (6 + 8i )
r1 = 3 + 4i;
r2 = 3 4i
a = 3; b = 4
s = eat (C1 cosbt + C2 sen bt )
s = e3t (C1 cos 4t + C2 sen 4t )

(16).

d 2x
dx
+2
+ 10 x = 0
2
dt
dt

r 2 + 2r + 10 = 0
r1 = 1 2 ( a + a 2 4b )
r1 = 1 2 ( 2 + 4 (4)(10) )
r1 = 1 2 ( 2 + 36 )
r1 = 1 2 ( 2 + 6i )
r1 = 1 + 3i;
r2 = 1 3i;
a = 1; b = 3;
x = eat (C1 cosbt + C2 sen bt )
x = e t (C1 cos 3t + C2 sen 3t )
En los siguientes problemas hallar la solucin particular que satisface las condiciones dadas.
(17)

d 2s
ds
+ 3 + 2s = 0
2
dt
dt
r 2 + 2r + 2 = 0
( r +1)( r + 2) = 0
r1 = 1; r2 = 2
s = C1e t + C2 e 2 t
0 = C1e0 + C2 e0
C1 + C2 = 0; Ecuac(1)
ds
= C1e t 2C2 e 2 t
dt
Re emplazando:
1 = C1e0 2C2 e0
C1 2C2 = 1; ecuac.( 2)
Ecuac.(1) y ( 2)
C2 = 1; C1 = 1;
s = e t e 2 t

(18).

d 2x
dx
+ n 2 x = 0; x = a , = 0, cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
r 2 + n2 = 0
r 2 = n 2
r=

n 2

r = ni
a = 0; b = n
x = e ax ( C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
reemplazando:
x = e 0 ( C1 cos nt + C2 sen nt )
a = C1 cos nt + C2 sen nt
a = C1 cos( n.0) + C2 sen( n.0)
a = C1 cos( 0) + 0
a = C1 ;
dx
= n sen ntC1 + nC2 cos nt
dt
reemplazando:
0 = n sen( n.0) C1 + nC2 cos( n.0)
0 = 0 + nC2 cos( 0)
0 = nC2 ; C2 = 0;
x = a cos( nt )

(19).

d 2x
dx
n 2 x = 0; x = 2, = 0, cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
r 2 n2 = 0
r = n2
r1 = n;
x = C1e

r2 = n
tr 1

+ C2 e r 2 t

x = C1e nt + C2 e nt
reemplazando:
2 = C1e0 + C2 e 0
C1 + C2 = 2;

ecuac(1)

dx
= nC1ent nC2 e nt
dt
0 = nC1e0 nC2 e0
nC1 nC2 = 0; ecuac( 2)
Re solviendo ecuaciones (1) y ( 2):
C1 = 1; C2 = 1
x = ent + e nt

(20).

d2y
dy
dy
+ 2 8 y = 0; y = o, = 24; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt
r 2 + 2r 8 = 0
( r + 4)( r 2) = 0
r1 = 4; r2 = 2
reemplazando formula:
y = C1e 4 t + C2 e 2 t
0 = C1e0 + C2 e0
C1 + C2 = 0; ecuac(1).
dy
= 4C1e 4 t + 2C2 e 2 t
dt
24 = 4C1e 0 + 2C2 e 0
12 = 2C1 + C2 ; ecuac( 2).
resolviendo (1) y ( 2)
C1 = 4; C2 = 4
y = 4e 4 t + 4e 2 t
y = 4( e2 t e 4 t )

(21).

d 2s
ds
ds
8 + 16s = 0; s = 0, = 1, cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt
r2
8r +
16 =
0
(r
4)( r
4) =
0
r1 =
r2 =
4;
s =
C1e r 1t +
C2 te r 2 t
s =
C1e 4 t +
t . C2 e 4 t
0 =
C1e 0 +
( 0). C2 e 0
0 =
C1e 0 ;

C1 =
0;

ds
=
4C1e 4 t +
C2 e 4 t +
4 t . C2 e 4 t
dt
1=
4C1e 0 +
C2 e 0 +
0
1=
4C1 +
C2 ;
Si
C1 =
0
1=
4( 0) +
C2 ;
C2 =
1
s =
( 0). e 4 t +
te 4 t
s =
te 4 t

(22).

d 2x
dx
dx
a
= 0; x = 0, = a; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt
r 2 ar = 0
r (r a ) = 0
r1 = 0;
x = C1e

r2 = a
o.t

+ C2 ea .t

x = C1 + C2 eat
reemplazando:
0 = C1 + C2 e0
C1 + C2 = 0; ecuac.(1)
dx
= aC2 eat ;
dt
a = aC2 e0 ; C2 = 1
reemplazando C1 en (1)
C1 = 1;
x = 1 + eat
x = eat 1

(23).

d 2s
ds
ds
+ 8 + 25s = 0; s = 4, = 16; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt

r 2 + 8r + 25 = 0
r1 = 1 2 ( a + a 2 4b )
r1 = 1 2 ( 8 + 64 100 )
r1 = 1 2 ( 8 + 36 )
r1 = 1 2 ( 8 + 6i )
r1 = 4 + 3i;
r2 = 4 3i;
a = 4; b = 3
s = e at (C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
s = e 4 t (C1 cos 3t + C2 sen 3t )
reemplazando:
4 = C1 cos 0 + C2 sen 0
4 = C1 + 0; C1 = 4
ds
= 4e 4 t C1 cos 3t 3e 4 t C1 sen 3t 4e 4 t C2 sen 3t + 3e 4 t C2 cos 3t
dt
16 = 4e 0C1 cos 0 3e 0C1 sen 0 4e 0C2 sen 0 + 3e 0C2 cos 0
16 = 4C1 + 3C2 ;
Si: C1 = 4
16 = 4( 4) + 3. C2
16 = 16 + 3C2
C2 = 0
s = e 4 t (4.cos 3t );

s = 4e 4 t cos 3t

(24).

d 2x
dx
dx
6 + 10x = 0; x = 1, = 4; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt
r 2 6r + 10 = 0
r1 = 1 2 ( a + a 2 4b )
r1 = 1 2 (6 + 36 40 )
r1 = 1 2 ( 6 + 2i )
r1 = 3 + i;
r2 = 3 i;
a = 3; b = 1
x = eat ( C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
x = e3t ( C1 cos t + C2 sen t )
1 = e0 (C1 cos 0 + C2 sen 0)
1 = C1;
dx
= 3e 3t C1 cos t e3t C1 sen t + 3e 3t C2 sen t + e3t C2 cos t
dt
reemplazando:
4 = 3e0C1 cos 0 + e 0C2 cos 0
4 = 3C1 + C2 ;
Si C1 = 1
4 = 3 + C2 ;

C2 = 1

x = e (cos t + sen t )
3t

(25).

d 2s
ds
+ 4 s = 0; s = 0, = 4; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
r2 + 4 = 0
r = 4 = 2i
a = 0; b = 2
s = e at (C1 cosbt + C2 sen bt )
s = e 0 ( C1 cos 2t + C2 sen 2t )
s = C1 cos 2t + C2 sen 2t
0 = C1 cos 0 + C2 sen 0
0 = C1;
ds
= 2C1 sen 2t + 2C2 cos 2t
dt
4 = 2( 0).sen 0 + 2C2 cos 0
4 = 0 + 2C2 ; C2 = 2
s = 0.cos 2t + 2 sen 2t
s = 2 sen 2t

(26).

d 2x
dx
4 x = 0; x = 10, = 0; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
r2 4 = 0
r1 = 2; r2 = 2
x = C1e r1t + C2e r 2 t
x = C1e 2 t + C2 e 2 t
reemplazando:
10 = C1e0 + C2 e 0
10 = C1 + C2 ; ecuac.(1)
dx
= 2C1e 2 t 2C2e 2 t
dt
0 = 2C1e 0 2C2 e 0
0 = 2. C1 2C2 ; ecuac.(2)
ecuaciones(1) y (2)
C1 = 5; C2 = 5;
x = 5e 2 t + 5e 2 t
x = 5(e 2 t + e 2 t )

(27).

d2y
dy
dy
+ 4 = 0; y = 1, = 2; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt

r 2 + 4r = 0;
r (r + 4) = 0;
r1 = 0; r2 = 4
y = C1er 1t + C2 er 2 t
y = C1e0 + C2 e 4 t
1 = C1 + C2 e0
1 = C1 + C2 ; ecuac.(1)
dy
= 4. C2 e 4 t
dt
1
2 = 4. C2 e 0 ; C2 =
2
reemplazando en: (1)
C1 = 3 2 ;
3 1
y = e 4 t ;
2 2
2 y = 3 e 4 t

(28).

d 2x
dx
dx
4 + 4 x = 0; x = 2, = 5; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt

r2
4r +
4 =
0
(r
2 )( r
2) =
0
r1 =
2 =
r2
x =
C1e t .r 1 +
C2 te t .r 2
x =
C1e 2 t

+
C2 te 2 t

2 =
C1e
+
C2 .( 0). e 0
2 =
C1 +
0;
C1 =
2
dx
2t
=
2 C1e
+
C2 e 2 t +
2 C2 . t . e 2 t
dt
5 =
2. C1e 0 +
C2 e 0 +
2 C2 .( 0). e 0
5 =
2 C1 +
C2 ;
Si
C1 =
2
0

5 =
2( 2) +
C2
5
4 =
C2 ;
C2
x =
2e 2 t

=
1

+
te 2 t

x =
(2 +
t ). e 2 t

(29).

d 2x
dx
dx
4 + 13x = 0; x = 2, = 4; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt
r 2 4r + 13 = 0
1
( a + a 2 4b )
2
1
r1 = ( 4 + 16 52 )
2
1
r1 = ( 4 + 36 )
2
r1 = 2 + 3i;
r1 =

r2 = 2 3i;
a = 2; b = 3;
x = e at ( C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
x = e 2 t ( C1 cos 3t + C2 sen 3t )
2 = e0 ( C1 cos 0 + C2 sen 0)
2 = C1 + 0;

C1 = 2;

dx
= 2e 2 t C1 cos 3t 3e 2 t sen 3t + 2e2 t C2 sen 3t + 3e2 t C2 cos 3t
dt
4 = 2e 0 C1 cos0 3e 0 sen 0 + 2e 0 C2 sen 0 + 3e0 C2 cos 0
4 = 2C1 + 3C2 ;
reemplazando

C1

4 = 2( 2) + 3C2
C2 = 0;
x = e 2 t ( 2 cos 3t + 0 sen 3t )
x = 2e 2 t cos 3t

(30).

d 2s
ds
ds
+ 4 + 8s = 0; s = 0, = 8; cuando t = 0
2
dt
dt
dt
r 2 + 4r + 8 = 0
1
( a + a 2 4b )
2
1
r1 = ( 4 + 16 32 )
2
1
r1 = ( 4 + 16 )
2
1
r1 = ( 4 + 4i )
2
r1 = 2 + 2i;
r2 = 2 2i;
r1 =

a = 2;

b = 2;

s = e ( C1 cos bt + C2 sen bt )
at

s = e 2 t ( C1 cos 2t + C2 sen 2t )
0 = e 0 ( C1 cos 0 + C2 sen 0)
0 = C1 + 0; C1 = 0
ds
= 2e 2 t C1 cos 2t 2e 2 t C1 sen 2 t 2e 2 t C2 sen 2t + 2e 2 t C2 cos 2t
dt
8 = 2e0 C1 cos 0 0 0 + 2e0 C2 cos 0
8 = 2C1 + 2C2 ; ecuac.(1)
reemplazando C1
8 = 2( 0) + 2C2 ;
8 = 2C2 ;

en

(1):

C2 = 4

s =e

2 t

( 0.cos 2t + 4 sen 2t )

s =e

2 t

( 0 + 4 sen 2t );

s = 4e

2 t

sen 2t