Alag Rah Ke Perokar Chaudhry Ranbir Singh

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v/;k;&4- ;equk unh dk fodkl
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v/;k;&6- thou 'kSyh dk cpko
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lsokfuo`r pUnz flag nyky }kjk jfpr iqLrd ^vyx jkg ds iSjksdkj
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag* dk kh?kz gh izdkku fd;k tk jgk gSA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us vius lkekftd nkf;Rocks/k dks mPp
izkFkfedrk nsdj thou th;k vkSj viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa dks iwjh bZekunkjh
ls fuHkk;kA thoui;ZUr jktuhfr esa vuqdj.kh; lar cus jgs rFkk
tehuh gdhdr ls tqM+ dj mUgksaus fuHkZ; gksdj viuh ckr dghA
mudk lkjk thou] mudh lksp vkSj vkpj.k Lora=rk vkUnksyu dh
fojklr ls fufeZr gqvkA os Hkkjr dh lafo/kku fuekZ=h lHkk ds lnL;
Hkh jgsA la;qDr iatkc esa flapkbZ o fctyh ea=h ds :i esa Hkk[kM+k MSe
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bl iqLrd esa pkS- j.kchj flag ds O;fDrRo dks vkadus&le>us
ds fy, iz;kl fd;k x;k gS rFkk ;g iqLrd ikBdksa ds fy, kh?kz gh
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j.kchj flag kks/kihB* ds bu iz;klksa dh eSa ljkguk djrk gw rFkk
iqLrd ds lQy izdkku ds fy, viuh kqHkdkeuk,a izsfkr djrk gwA
HkwisUnz flag gqM~Mk
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY

ROHTAK - 124001, (HARYANA) INDIA
VICE-CHANCELLOR
Off.
Res.
Fax
: 01262-274327, 292431
: 01262-274710
: 01262-274133, 274640
fnukad % 10-12-2012
nks 'kCn
eq>s ;g tkudj larks"k gqvk gS fd izLrqr izdk'ku esa pkS/kjh
j.kchj flag ds O;fDrRo dks mUgha ds 'kCnksa esa le>us dk ,d vPNk
iz;kl gqvk gSA fo'ofo|ky; esa dk;Zjr pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ihB* ds
lkStU; ls ;g jpuk bl ek;us esa egRiw.kZ gS fd ekSfyd nLrkostksa ls
pqu dj yh xbZ lkexzh ,d ,sls O;fDrRo dks mHkkjrh gS] ftldh lgh
le> cgqr de yksxksa dks gS vkSj ftlus mi;qDr volj ij ns'k dh
Hkkoh uhfr;ksa dks jpus esa ,d ,d dne ij vxz.kh Hkwfedk vnk dh gSA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ,d fu.kkZ;d nkSj esa lf; usrk FksA ml
le; ns'k dk Hkkoh fp= rS;kj gks jgk FkkA os 32 lky dh mez esa 10
tqykbZ] 1947 dks lafo/kku lHkk ds fy, pqu fy, x, vkSj 14 tqykbZ
dks 'kiFk xzg.k ds ckn ns'k ds le{k leL;kvksa dks le>us esa yx x,A
lafo/kku lHkk fofHkUu /kkjkvksa dh j.kLFkyh FkhA fdUrq] ,d lka>k
ladYi Fkk fd LorU= ns'k ds rkSj ij vkxs c<uk gSA ;gka ls mudk
O;fDrRo fu[kjkA dqy feykdj os lkr fofHkUu lnuksa ds lnL; jgs
vkSj iatkc o gfj;k.kk esa eU=hin ij Hkh jgs] tgka muds opu] deZ
o vkpj.k ij bl vkUnksyu dh fojklr dk izHkko lnk tek jgkA os
blls dHkh fopfyr ugha gq,A
ysfV- duZy lsokfuo`r pUnz flag nyky us pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag dks muds gh 'kCnksa dks ysdj le>us dh ,d 'kq#vkr dh gSA ;g
vPNh 'kq#vkr gSA eSa bl jpuk dh lQyrk ds fy, g`n; ls dkeuk
djrk gwA
&vkj-ih- gqM ~M k
Suresh Sharma
Professor
Pt. No. 32
Professors Colony, Tilak Nagar,
Amritsar (Pb), Pin. 143001
17 August, 2012
Comments
The work of Col. Chander Singh Dalal on Chaudhry Ranbir
Singh has been commendable and touches the very nepitual knot
of the creation of a state which could act as feeding ground for the
covering states like U.P., Punjab etc.
A unique Parliamentarian, Chaudhry Sahib took up the
cause to its logical end by insisting on its completion. His tryst
with the welfare of the state started way back when he became
the Member of Parliament and later Minister in the Punjab cabinet.
He vociferously pleaded for the creation of Haryana which
he considered as the necessity of times. The creation of Chair in
M.D.U. will encourage further research on such a son of the soil.
It will surely bring the name of M.D.U. on face map of India.
Suresh Sharma
Professor
To,
The Chairman
Chaudhry Ranbir Singh Chair,
M.D.U., Rohtak.
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pkS/kjh j.kchj flag* uked iqLrd dh ik.Mqfyfi i<hA iqLrd dh
lokZf/kd vkdkZd fofkVrk ;g yxh fd blesa ys[kd de cksyrk
gS vkSj pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dk d`frRo vf/kdA bl kSyh dk vkJ;
ysus okyk ys[kd ;g lqfufpr djrk gS fd dksbZ vfrk; dFku u
gks vkSj tks Hkh fdlh O;fDr`Ro dh izkalk esa dgk tk, og
izek.k&iqV gksosA bl ms; dh izkfIr esa ys[kd iw.kZr lQy jgk
gSA bl iqLrd dh ,d vU; fokskrk ;g gS fd pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
ds O;fDrRo&d`frRo o O;fDrRo ds fok; esa vfoosdh O;fDr;ksa }kjk
QSykbZ x;h vusd HkzkfUr;ksa nwj gksrh gSaA
bl izdkj ys[kd dk ;g iz;kl blfy, Hkh vfr izkaL; gks
tkrk gS fd blls JsB O;fDr;ksa ds izfr lkekU; yksxksa esa ml
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30- 8- 2012
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ftEesnkjh lafo/kku lHkk dh FkhA pkj uoEcj 1948 dks tc lafo/kku
dk elfonk lnu esa cgl ds fy, isk gqvk rks lnL;ksa ds ,d Hkkx
dks yxk fd ;g jkg og ugha gS ftldh nsk dks vko;drk gSA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag muesa vxz.kh Fks tks le>rs Fks fd ;gka igys
[ksrh&fdlkuh dks etcwrh feyus ls nsk rjDdh dh jkg ij vkxs
c<sxk tcfd nwljk er Fkk fd nsk dks iwath&dsfUnzr Hkkjh m|ksxksa
ds cy ij etcwrh feysxhA lafo/kku lHkk us vUr esa blh nwljs er
dks xzg.k fd;kA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ds ml tekus esa dFku ds
egRo dks vkt nsk ds lkeus isk leL;kvksa ds lUnHkZ esa ns[kus ls
le>k tk ldrk gSA os ml vyx jkg ds iSjksdkj cus ftldk
volj ml le; gkFk ls xaok fn;k x;k FkkA
izLrqr iqLrd pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ds ml i{k dks lkeus ykrh
gS ftldk vglkl vkt cgqr de yksxksa dks gSA blds fy, ys[kd
us muds lafo/kku lHkk rFkk vU; lnuksa esa fn, x, Hkk"k.kksa dks pquk
gS tc mUgksaus LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa dfBu la?k"kZ ds ckn vius
lalnh; thou dh 'kq#vkr dh Fkh vkSj ckn esa ,d ris gq, jktusrk
ds rkSj ij ftEesnkfj;ksa dks fuHkk;k FkkA lafo/kku lHkk esa os ml
LorU=rk vkUnksyu dh fojklr dks ysdj vkxs c<s tks xzkeh.k Hkkjr
dh tehuh gdhdr ls tUeh FkhA ml le; mudh vk;q 32 lky

dqN eghus Hkj dh Fkh tc mUgsa 10 tqykbZ 1947 dks bl lnu dk
lnL; pquk x;k FkkA
;g og le; Fkk tc vktkn Hkkjr ds Hkfo"; dh ydhjsa [khaph
tk jgh Fkha( m|ksx o 'kgjhdj.k dh uhao Mkyh tk jgh FkhA xzkeh.k
vFkZO;oLFkk fczfV'k 'kklu ds FkisM+ksa ls igys gh =Lr FkhA bl O;Fkk
ls =Lr xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh jktnjckj ds bl l'kDr eap ij vkokt
cuuk vius vki esa ,d gkSlys dh ckr FkhA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ftl
ekVh ls lkal ysdj cM+s gq,] ftldh O;Fkk dks Hkksxk mlds izfr
thou Hkj bZekunkj jgs] ;g iqLrd bl rF; dks is'k djrh gSA
uo xfBr lafo/kku lHkk dh igyh cSBd 9 fnlEcj 1946 dks
gqbZA mlus 22 tuojh 1947 dks ,d izLrko ikfjr dj mu fl)kUrksa
dks xzg.k fd;k ftudks vkxs j[k dj ns'k dk Hkkoh lafo/ku cukA
4 uoEcj] 1948 dks lafo/kku dk elkSnk lnu esa is'k gqvkA blesa
O;fDr <kaps ds dsUnz esa FkkA tcfd xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh iwjh O;oLFkk
lfn;ksa ls ifjokj rFkk leqnk; ij fVdh gqbZ gSA
,sls esa lafo/kku lHkk rFkk ckn esa vU; lnuksa esa Hkh xzkeh.k
vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk mlds lkekftd rkusckus ds iSjksdkj gksus dk vFkZ
vyx rjg dk egRo j[krk gSA xzkeh.k <kapk pksV [kkrk tk jgk
FkkA cgl esa ,d&,d fcanq ij vius utfj;s dks csfgpd j[krs gq,
xzkeh.k Hkkjr ls U;k; djus dh vihy muds laokn esa gSA
;wa pkS/kjh lkfgc dk O;fDrRo cgq&vk;keh FkkA lafo/kku lHkk
esa dkuwuh lokyksa ls ysdj vFkZO;oLFkk rd mudh utj esa p<sA
fQj] yksd lHkk] jkT; lHkk rFkk vU; lnuksa esa mUgksaus fof/k fo"k;ksa
ij viuh idM+ dk ifjp; fn;kA
xviii / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
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bl iqLrd dks rS;kj djus ds ihNs foksk iz;kstu gSA fdlku

ifjokj esa tUes ,d gksugkj ckyd dh LorU=rk vkUnksyu ds gkFk
vuks[ks uk;d ds :i esa jpuk ls ysdj xzkeh.k vkapy ds vFkd
;ks)k cuus dh dgkuh ls :c: djkukA ^pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
'kks/kihB dk ekuuk gS fd xqykeh nkSj ds fo#) la?k"kZ esa gfj;k.kk
ds bl ;ks)k dh fnypLi dgkuh vkSj muds thouewY;ksa dks
vketu ds lkeus j[kk tk, rkfd lekt esa U;k;cks/k ekj u [kk,A
fnu&fnu ;g vglkl xgjkrk tk jgk gS fd nsk ,oa iznsk
esa LorU=rk vkUnksyu dh lkekU; psruk dk yksi gksrk tk jgk gS
;k tks dqN dgha cpk Hkh gS] lrgh gS] jVk&jVk;k gSA mlls dqN
gkfly gksus okyk ugha gSA Ldwyksa esa blij i<kuk gh can gks x;k
gS ftlls ge vius bfrgkl dks gh Hkwy cSBsaxsA
dkfyt vFkok foofo|ky;ksa ds Lrj ij oSls gh ekufodh
(Humanities) fok;ksa dks ihNs /kdsyk tk pqdk gSA fQj] dgha
i<us&i<kus dk volj gS rks nksuks] i<us vkSj i<kus okyksa dk eu
bl fok; ls mpV x;k gSA LorU=rk vkUnksyu dks izk;ksftr dFkk
ekudj fQtwy ,oa vuksi;ksxh eku fy;k x;k gSA ;g vuk;kl
ugha gqvk gSA ,d cgqr cM+k rcdk LorU=rk vkUnksyu dh psruk
dks ftruk tYnh gks Hkqyk nsus esa fnypLih j[krk gSA bl fn'kk esa
iz;kl rst+ gq, gSaA blls tks [krjk Hkkjrh; lekt dks gksus okyk
gS ml ij fdlh dks /;ku nsus dh QqlZr ugha gSA ysfdu] lp ;g
Hkh gS fd blds izfr vka[k can djus ls ;g {kfr de ugha gksus okyh
gS vkSj u feVsxhA bl rF; dk vglkl lekt esa jguk pkfg,A tc
ls crk;k tkus yxk gS fd dSfj;j cukus dk gquj lh[kuk gh fk{kk
gS] /ku Hkxoku dk ntkZ ik x;k gS vkSj vkRe&dsfUnzr O;fDrokn
vyx jkg dsi S
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okrkoj.k esa Nkus yxk gS rks ekuoh; fj'rks dk voewY;;u gksdj

lekt dh psruk ekj [kkus yxh gSA
nsk ds LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa gfj;k.kk izkUr vxz.kh Hkwfedk esa
jgk gSA mlds vusd liwrksa us vn~Hkqr lkgl vkSj fuBk dk
bfrgkl jpkA bl la?kkZ esa ls ri dj fudyh vusd foHkwfr;ksa ij
;g {ks= ukt dj ldrk gSA xqykeh ds nnZ us bUgs cspSu fd;k FkkA
ijUrq] le; chrrs chrrs ;s yksx foLe`fr esa yksi gksrs tk jgs gS vkSj
mudh la?kkZ dh xkFkk ls u;h ihf<;ka yxHkx vutku gks xbZ gSA
buesa ,d vuks[kk pfj= pkS/kjh j.kchj flag gS tks ,sls tekus ds
izfrfuf/k gSa tc vius vkSj vius dke ds ckjs esa izpkj dh ifjikVh
ls ijgst djuk fl[kk;k tkrk FkkA ^deZ dj vkSj Hkwy tk* dh
dgkor vke FkhA c?kkjus ls ugha irk pyrk] fdlku dk [ksr crkrk
gS fd gkyh dSlk gS! ysfdu pkS/kjh lkfgc tkus ls igys ml tekus
dh ngyht rd gks dj x, tks dsoy izpkj ls [kkrk&thrk gSA
mUgksaus csykx gks dj nksuksa ds vUrj dks ns[kkA ;g iqLrd ml
uk;d ds ckjs esa gS tks LorU=rk vkUnksyu ds thoUr ewY;ksa ds
v/;k; dk ;gka vfUre izgjh FkkA
LorU=rk laxzke ds vej ;ks)k pkS/kjh mneh jke ds lEca/k esa
vkt iwNk tk, fd og dkSu Fks rks vf/kd lEHkkouk ;g curh gS fd
izkUr ds Nk=ksa esa kr izfrkr vkSj vU; rcdksa esa vkSlru 99 izfrkr
yksx cxysa >kadrs feysaxsA ;gka eku fy;k x;k gS fd ,d nkd
igys ,d lTtu dh ik ls jksgrd jsfM;ks LVsku }kjk izlkfjr
mneh jke ij ,d ukVd rFkk ckn esa izdkfkr ,d NksVh iqfLrdk
ds ek/;e ls feyh tkudkjh ds tfj;s ,d izfrkr yksx mUgsa
igpkuus yxs gksaxsA vktknh ds ckn gekjh orZeku fk{kk i)fr dh
ik ls fLFkfr ;gka igqaph [kM+h gS ftlds cycwrs gekjs i<+s&fy[ks
xx / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
rcds dk Kkuh gksus dk nEHk lkrosa vkleku ij jgrk gS vkSj os

xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks ^vKkurk o fiNM+siu* dk dqaM crkrs gq, dHkh ugha
Fkdrs tks ckr yxHkx 150 o"kZ igys vaxzst vf/kdkjh eSVdkWQ us
Hkkjr dks 1857 dh ?kVukvksa ds ckn dyafdr djus ds fy, dguha
vkjEHk dh FkhA
;g crdgh vc rd ;gka ds i<s&fy[ks rcds dk vke fQdjk
cu pyk gS! ;g rcdk ek= ml tqxkyh ij vius Kkuh gksus ds
?keaM esa vkt Hkh thrk gS] ;g vQlksl dh ckr gSA LorU=rk
vkUnksyu ds ckjs esa ek= 65 okZ chrus ij gh QSyh vKkurk dk
dsoy ,d ;gh dkj.k ugha gS] rks Hkh bls vk/kkj ;gh fk{kk iz.kkyh
dk ekSfyd pfj= iznku djrk gSA
m/kj] ,d dMqvk lR; gS% vktknh dk chtea= xqykeh dk
udkj gSA Hkkjr us bls Hkqxr dj lh[kk gSA fczfVk kklu us nsk
dk ne gh ?kkasV fn;k FkkA ijUrq] euq; ,oa mlds lekt dh psruk
us vaxMkbZ yh rc] ;gka ds LorU=rk vkUnksyu dh xkFkk fy[kh xbZA
rky Bksad dj yydkjus ij gh ;g yqVsjk kklu lekIr gqvkA
ltx u jgsa rks] le; chrus ij] xqykeh nkSj ds neu] vU;k;]
kksk.k o ifyr e;kZnk dh ihM+k dk vglkl ftl dnz de gksxk]
LorU=rk dk ewY;cks/k tkrk jgsxk( vktknh vFkZ [kks nsxh vkSj
,d&u&,d fnu bldk eqj>kuk ykfteh gSA Hkfo; ij fuxkg
j[kus okyh dksbZ ftank dkSe vius vrhr dks Hkwyrh gS rks mlh nnZ
ds ykSVus dh lEHkkouk curh gS] nq?kZVuk ls fHkM+us dh psruk ekj
[kkrh gS] lkgl fc[kjus dk [krjk [kM+k gksrk gS] vU;k; o
ve;kZfnr vkpj.k dks lgus] le>kSrk djus dh o`fr frfBr
gksrh gS( nksLr vkSj nqeu ds chp dk QdZ /kqa/kyk gksrk gS] /kks[kk
vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g / xxi
[kkus dk ekxZ rS;kj gksrk gS] vktknh dks cpkus dh yyd [kRe gksrh
gSA blls xqykeh ds ykSVus dh jkg [kqyrh gSA
blfy, vko;d gS fd ftank dkSe vius [kV~Vs&ehBs bfrgkl
ls fujUrj :c: jgsA vius mu iwoZtksa ls lh[krh jgs ftUgksaus bls
vkxs c<kus esa da/kk yxk;kA yS- duZy pUnz flag nyky laosnukhy
O;fDr gSa vkSj v/;;u'khy HkhA mudks pkS/kjh lkfgc dk O;fDrRo
Hkk;kA muds miyC/k lkfgR; dks [kaxkyk vkSj bl iqLrd dks :i
ns fn;kA mudh reUuk jgh fd orZeku ,oa Hkkoh ihf<;ksa dks pkS/kjh
lkfgc ds ckjs esa crk;k tk,A ;g iqLrd pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ij
dksbZ foLr`r thouh u gksdj ,d laf{kIr ifjp;kRed ladyu gS
ftldh rRdky vko;drk FkhA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ,d dfBu nkSj esa viuh lkekftd ftEesnkjh
dk fuokZg djus vkxs vk,A fQj] fonskh kklu dh lekfIr ij tc
nsk ds Hkfo; dh uhao j[kh tk jgh Fkh rc mUgksaus fuMj Hkko mu
fgrksa dh iSjoh dh ftuesa mudk eu jpk&clk Fkk vkSj le>rs Fks
ftl jkg ij py dj nsk rjDdh dj ldrk gSA os ml Je ds
i{kikrh cus tks xkao esa [kVrk gSA iwath dh nqfu;ka ds ,sc mUgsa jkl
ugha FksA ;g ckr ckj ckj lkeus vkbZA os vU;k; ds fojks/kh vkSj
U;k; ds fgek;rh cu dj jgsA ml le; [ksrh dh dher dks
mUgksaus le>k tc dksbZ le>uk ugha pkgrk FkkA gfj;k.kk esa
LorU=rk vkUnksyu dh bl fojklr ds os lPps gdnkj jgsA ;g
mudh [kwch FkhA izLrqr izdkku mudh bl nsu dks le>us esa enn
djsxk] ,slh vkkk gSA
Kku flag
v/;{k]
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag 'kks/kihB
xxii / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
y s[ kd d hv ksj l s
iqLrd ifjp;
;g vius vki esa vuks[kk n`"VkUr gS fd pkS/kjh j.kchj flag lkr
fofHkUu lnuksa ds lnL; jgs FksA os iatkc fo/kku lHkk ls lafo/kku
lHkk rFkk Hkkjrh; fo/kku ifj"kn esa 14 tqykbZ] 1947 ls 25 tuojh]
1950 rd rFkk varfje yksdlHkk esa 26 tuojh] 1950 ls ekpZ] 1952
rd] mlds mijkar] ekpZ] 1952 ls ekpZ] 1962 rd izFke rFkk f}rh;
yksdlHkk esa jksgrd pquko {ks= ls lkaln jgsA 12 ekpZ] 1962 esa
rRdkyhu iatkc vlsacyh ds fy, pqus x, vkSj ogka ij ea=h in
laHkkykA 1 uoEcj] 1966 dks iatkc ls vyx gksdj orZeku gfj;k.kk
dk tUe gqvk rks os uoxfBr gfj;k.kk ljdkj esa Hkh ea=h in ij
jgsA ysfdu] gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk ds izFke pquko esa o"kZ 1967 esa ugha
thr ik, vkSj fo/kkulHkk Hkax gksus ij 'kh?kz gh nksckjk pquko thrdj
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa jgsA mlds mijkar] o"kZ 1972 esa jkT;lHkk
ds lnL; ds :i esa pqu fy, x,] tgka os 1978 rd jgsA
o"kZ 1976 esa ,d o"kZ ds fy, jkT;lHkk ds okbZl ps;jeSu ds
iSuy ij Hkh jgsA jkT;lHkk esa lnu ds fMIVh yhMj jgs vkSj ekpZ]
1977 esa dsUnz ljdkj cnyus ij os fojks/kh ny ds miusrk Hkh jgsA
bl 40 o"kZ dh vof/k esa lkr lnuksa dh lnL;rk esa pkS/kjh lkgc
us gtkjksa ckj viuh ckr dgh] iz'u iwNs] IokbaV vkWQ vkMZj ekaxk]
vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g / xxiii
cgl o ppkZvksa esa lf; Hkkx fy;k vkSj fofHkUu desfV;ksa ds lfdz;
lnL; jgs vkSj ogka vius dke dh Nki NksM+hA
FkksM+s gh le; ckn laln esa mudha igpku xzkeh.k fodkl
rFkk fdlku fgrS"kh ds :i esa gks xbZ Fkh] ftldk mUgksaus thou
i;ZUr fuokZg fd;k gSA vafre le; rd ;gh mudh igpku cuh
jgh vkSj vkidks nsgkr lq/kkj dk i;kZ; ekuk tkus yxkA
muds [kkl fo"k;ksa esa fdlku] etnwj rFkk mlls lacf/kr
eqn~ns pkgs og tehu vf/kxzg.k ls lacaf/kr gksa vFkok d`f"k mit ds
mfpr ewY; gksa] flapkbZ ls lacaf/kr Hkk[kM+k rFkk ;equk fodkl ;kstuk
fd'kk MSe gksa o vU; ekeys gksa tks tufgr ls lh/ks ljksdkj
j[krs gksa] tSls dkyk /ku dh leL;k] bR;kfn FksA
mUgksaus viuh vksj ls tksj nsdj bu leL;kvksa dks fuMjrk
ls mBk;k rFkk mldk lkFkZd izHkko Hkh gqvkA fofHkUu lnuksa esa cgl
ds v/;;u ls Li"V gksrk gS fd vkius tufgr dk eqn~nk mBkrs
le; dHkh fdlh dk ncko ugha ekuk vkSj ncax gksdj dgk] tks dqN
mUgsa dguk Fkk & pkgs og fdlh dks pqHkrk jgk gks vkSj jkl u vk;k
gksA vkius HkykbZ ds dke gsrq fdlh dh Hkh ijokg ugha dh vkSj Vdk
lh ckr dg nhA blds mijkar dksbZ iNrkok ugha fd;k] pkgs mUgsa
jktuhfrd ?kkVk Hkh mBkuk iM+k gksA vfirq] mlh leL;k dks ekSdk
feyus ij iqu% nqxus tks'k ls izLrqr djus ls Hkh ugha pwdsA
pkS/kjh lkgc }kjk mBk, x, dqN [kkl eqn~nksa dk oxhZdj.k
djds izLrqr iqLrd esa v/;k;ksa esa j[kk x;k gSA Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k]
xzkeh.k fodkl o d`f"k rFkk i'kqikyu] flapkbZ ds fy, Hkk[kM+k rFkk
;equk ?kkVh ;kstuk,a] fo'ks"k rkSjij fd'kk MSe rFkk dqN fefJr
leL;kvksa ij vkids fopkjksa ds egRoiw.kZ va'k ,df=r djds izLrqr
xxiv / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
fd, x, gSaA ,d LFkku ij dqN ,sls n`"Vkaar Hkh fn, x, gSa] tgka
fofHkUu lnuksa esa ppkZvksa esa Hkkx ysrs le; vkids ;ksxnku dks
vkids lg;ksfx;ksa rFkk dHkh dHkkj foi{kh usrkvksa us Hkh ljkgkA
,dk/k ckj rkuktuh ij vkius iyVokj djuk iM+k] tks vkids n`<+
fu'p; dks n'kkZrk gSA
vki ges'kk Li"VoDrk jgs rFkk tufgr ds fy, cs[kkSQ
gksdj cksyrs FksA mu fnuksa ehfM;k dk izpkj o izlkj ukeek= Fkk
vkSj ;fn Fkk Hkh rks og xzke fodkl dh leL;kvksa dh vuns[kh
djrk FkkA blhfy,] vkids fopkj tuekul rd ugha igqap ik,A
bl ?kkVs dks iwjk djus ds fy, vkSj pkS/kjh lkfgc ds ckjs esa lgh
tkudkjh gsrq izLrqr iqLrd dh jpuk dh xbZ gSA blesa tks iz;kl
djds dqN pquh gqbZ ckrksa dks fn;k x;k gS] mls chp&chp esa viuh
ckr dgrs gq, pkS/kjh lkgc us tgka&tgka tks dqN dgk gS] og gqcgq
m)`r fd;k gS] u de u T;knkA bu lHkh fo"k;ksa ij muds foLr`r
Hkk"k.k vc miyC/k gSa ftudk v/;;u fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,d rjg
ls ;g izLrqrhdj.k ifjp;kRed gSA
;wa rks eSa O;fDrxr rkSj ij pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dks vius
;qokdky ls tkurk Fkk] fdUrq muds dke rFkk O;fDrRo dks fudV
ls le>us dk de gh volj jgkA muds fu/ku ds ckn dqN ckrsa
lkeus vkbZ tks QSyh vusd HkzkfUr;ksa dks rksM+rh yxrh gSaA chrs o"kZ
egf"kZ n;kuUn fo'ofo|ky; esa dk;Zjr ^pkS/kjh j.kchj flag 'kks/k
ihB* }kjk LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa gfj;k.kk dh Hkwfedk ,oa pkS/kjh
j.kchj flag ij vk;ksftr nks fnu dh xks"Bh ds nkSjku ik;k fd
gekjk ;g iwoZt vuks[ks O;fDrRo dk /kuh Fkk ftl ij fdlh Hkh {ks=
o dkSe dks ukt gks ldrk gSA lu~ 1950 esa laln ds ,d l= esa
usrkth dh vkbZ- ,u- ,- ij mUgsa cs[kkSQ odkyr djrs ns[k dj eq>s
vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g / xxv
vPNk yxkA mudks tkuus dh rhoz bPNk txhA lafo/kku lHkk esa
okn&fookn esa >kadk x;k rks vthc lk vglkl gqvk fd ge
i<s&fy[ks yksxksa us bl bfrgkl iq#"k dks vc rd D;ksa le>us dk
iz;kl ugha fd;kA iqLrd dks fy[kus dh ;gh i`"BHkwfe cuh ftldks
vkdkj nsus esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag 'kks/kihB us gkFk cVk;kA
vk'kk gS fd izLrqr iqLrd ikBdksa dks gfj;k.kk ds ,d ,sls
vn~Hkqr O;fDrRo ls :c: djkus esa lQy gks ldsxh tks pqipki
dke djus esa vf/kd fo'okl djrk Fkk] vkRe&iz'kalk esa ughaA
mUgksaus tufgr esa dk;Z djus esa dksbZ dksj&dlj ugha NksM+h vkSj
lnSo rRij jgs] ftls ge thou iz;Ur ;kn j[ksaxsA
ysfV- duZy pUnzflag nyky v-izk-
ys[kd
xxvi / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
dl d
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag jketl dkfyt] fnYyh ls xszT;q,V

gksus ds dqN le; ckn dkaxzsl esa HkrhZ gksdj LorU=rk vkUnksyu esa
tqV x, FksA ifjokj esa vk;Zlekt ds fl)kUrksa vkSj vktknh ds fy,
la?k"kZ dk ekgkSy FkkA ckY;dky ls ifjokj esa iwjk okrkoj.k u;h
psruk vkSj la?k"kZ dk Fkk ftlus muds vlk/kkj.k O;fDrRo cuus dh
uhao j[khA muds firk] pkS/kjh ekrw jke bykds esa vius le; ds
izfrf"Br O;fDr Fks ftUgksaus ;qok j.kchj flag dks vktknh dh yM+kbZ
esa tqM+us ds fy, izksRlkgu fn;k vkSj os runsgh ls dke esa yx x,A
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ds lkeus ml le; ds gj psru'khy
;qod dh rjg ,d fu.kkZ;d loky [kM+k gks x;k Fkk fd vc os D;k
djs \ mUgksaus lksp fy;k Fkk fd vc os ns'k dh vktknh ds fy,
la?k"kZ esa 'kkfey gks dj viuk lkekftd nkf;Ro fuHkk;saxsA 3
flrEcj 1939 dks nwljk fo'o ;q) vkjEHk gqvk FkkA vaxzstksa us bl
ns'k dks ;q) esa >ksadus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nhA ljdkj dh uhfr dk ;gka
fojks/k Hkh gqvkA blls dkaxzsl 'kkflr jkT;ksa dh ljdkjksa us R;kx
i= ns fn;kA ijUrq iatkc dh ;wfu;fuLV ikVhZ us R;kx i= ugha
fn;kA rdZ ;g Fkk fd ljdkj ds lkFk feydj gh fdlkuksa dh
HkykbZ ds dke fd, tk ldsaxsA fdUrq] pkS/kjh lkgc dh lksp nwljh
cuh vkSj os ns'k dh vktknh esa gh fdlku&etnwj rFkk nsgkr dk
dld / 1
Hkyk ns[krs FksA vkRelEeku vkSj vius cwrs gh dksbZ dkSe lgh vFkZ
esa rjDdh dj ldrh gS] ;g mudh lksp cuhA vius ?kj dks vius
gkFk gh laokjk tk ldrk gSA mUgksaus ml gd ds fy, yM+us dk
QSlyk ys fy;k vkSj blds fy, vkUnksyu ls tqM+ x,A
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dk O;fDrxr lR;kxzg vkUnksyu esa Hkkx
ysuk lf; jktuhfr esa mudh igyh lh<+h FkhA 5 vizSy] 1941 dks
mUgksaus lR;kxzg esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj mUgsa muds xkao lka?kh ls gh
fxjrkj djds tsy Hkst fn;k x;kA fQj ihNs eqM+ dj mUgksaus ugha
ns[kk vkSj futh lgwfy;r rFkk vktknh ds fy, futh ykHk&gkfu
dk fopkj dHkh ugha fd;kA dHkh fdlh vksPNs dke dks gkFk ugha
yxk;kA bl ri us muds O;fDrRo dks [kwc fu[kkjk vkSj os
usrkvksa&dk;ZdkkZvksa dh fe=e.Myh dh vka[k dk rkjk cu x,A
jk"V ds izfr vVwV ,oa vuqie lsokvksa rFkk dqckZfu;ksa ds
esutj 10 tqykbZ 1947 dks iatkc izkUr ls pkS/kjh lkgc Hkkjr dh
lafo/kku lHkk ds fy, vU; lnL;ksa ds lkFk fufoZjks/k pqu fy, x,A
lu~ 1857 dh cxkor esa vxqvk Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds tqeZ esa vaxzstksa us
bls fNrjk fn;k Fkk vkSj ,d fgLls dks iatkc esa feyk fn;k FkkA tc
pkS/kjh lkfgc lafo/kku lHkk ds fy, pqus x, ml oDr gfj;k.kk {ks=
iatkc dk vax Fkk ftldh os uqekbUnxh djrs FksA
14 tqykbZ 1947 dks mUgksaus lnu esa lnL;rk dh 'kiFk ysdj
viuk dke vkjEHk dj fn;kA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag lafo/kku lHkk ds
fy, pqus x, rc ml lnu ds fy, fu/kkZfjr vk;q lhek ls de] ek=
32 o"kZ dh mez ds FksA ml le; ds gkykr ls ftl rjg mUgksaus
tw>uk vkjEHk fd;k vkSj ftu thou ewY;ksa ls xqaFks gq, Fks muls
muds O;fDrRo dk fuekZ.k gqvkA ;g vpjt dh ckr ugha FkhA
2 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
vpjt gksrk gS rks dsoy mudh fu"Bk] yxu rFkk tTcs ij ftuds
cycwrs os vuks[ks cusA tc os lafo/kku lHkk ds lnL; cus ;g mudh
lalnh; jktuhfr ds iVy ij u;h ikjh dh 'kq#vkr Fkh tgka ,d
vyx lalkj ls os nkspkj gq,A
lafo/kku lHkk dk ifjn`';

LokHkkfod Fkk fd NksVh lh mez esa ns'k ds fnXxt usrkvksa ds
chp cSB dj muesa viuh txg ryk'k djds fdjnkj dks r;
djukA bl ij ckn esa Lo;a mUgksaus dgk gS%
^^lafo/kku lHkk esa ,d ls ,d fnXxt FksA dgka cM+s&cM+s

odhy&cSfjLVj] ys[kd&izksQslj] cM+s&cM+s fo}ku vkSj aps
ntsZ ds oDrk vkSj fpard vkSj dgka eSaA dqN] ftls vglkls
derjh dgrs gSa] og bu fnuksa eq> ij gkoh jgkA ysfdu
fQj lkspk] pyks tks ftruk cu ik;sxk bZekunkjh ls
d:axkA dqN fnu eSaus lHkk dh dk;Zokgh dks [kwc xaHkhjrk
ls ns[kk&le>kA lc Hkk"k.k /;ku ls lqusA t:jh t:jh
ckrksa ds uksV~l Hkh fy,A lHkk dh lkjh dk;Zokgh esa eSaus
ik;k fd tc Hkh xkao] fdlku] etnwj ds fo"k;; esa cgl
rFkk Hkkk.k gksrs rks os lrgh Lrj ij gh jgrsA eSus ogka
viuh txg eglwl dhA eSa bu fo"k;ksa dks vkSjksa ls T;knk
tkurk FkkA eSus lc ckrsa vUnj ls ns[kh FkhaA eSaus QSlyk
fd;k nwljs tx&chrh dg jgs gSa eSa vki&chrh dgwaxkA**
Lojkt ds Loj] laLej.k&pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 2005] i`"B 113
bl euksHkkouk dks ysdj os lafo/kku lHkk esa lf; gq,A muds

vkRe&fo'okl dh ;gh iq"BHkwfe rS;kj gqbZA bl ij os [kjs mrjsA
lafo/kku lHkk esa tYnh gh ,d fLFkfr cu dj [kM+h gks xbZ
dld / 3
FkhA 4 uoEcj] 1948 dks MkfVax desVh dh vksj ls fof/keU=h us

rS;kj fd, x, lafo/kku dk izk:i lnu esa fopkj ds fy, is'k
fd;kA izLrkfor lafo/kku esa xkao dgka gS ;g iwNk tkus yxkA bl
ij lafo/kku dk izk:i is'k djrs gq, fof/keU=h us dg fn;k fd%
^êq>s rks izlUurk gS fd fo/kku ds elfons esa xkao dks ckgj

QSad fn;k x;k gS vkSj O;fDr dks jk"V dh ewy bdkbZ ekuk
x;k gSA** lafo/kku lHkk ds okn&fookn dh ljdkjh fjiksVZ] fgaanh
laLdj.k] 4-11-1948] iqLrd la- 3] i`"B 77
bl ij lnu esa ckosyk ep x;kA lnu nks fgLlksa esa caV

x;kA ,d rjQ os Fks tks xka/khth dh rjg lafo/kku esa xkao dh
izeq[krk pkgrs FksA nwljh vksj os yksx Fks tks 'kgjksa dh nqfu;ka esa
rjDdh [kkst jgs FksA elfons ij fnypLi cgl gqbZ vkSj lathnk
Hkh ftlesa ;s nks utfj;s mHkj dj lkeus vk,A lnu esa ml le;
lnL;ksa dk ewM tkuus ds fy, pan Hkk"k.kksa ds va'k dkQh gSa%
ikap uoEcj 1948 dks ,d lnL;]
Jh ,p oh dkWeFk us dgk fd
^^dy dk mu fof/keU=h dk Hkk"k.k ,d izfrHkk'kkyh uxj
fuoklh ds leku Fkk vkSj ;fn xzke fuokfl;ksa dh vksj gekjk ;gh
#[k jgk] rks eSa dsoy ;gh dg ldrk gwa fd bZ'oj gh gekjh j{kk
djs! ogh] i`"B 117&119 fnUkkad 5-11-1948
Jh f'kCcu yky lDlsuk us dgk fd %
eq>s Hkjkslk gS fd bl lnu dh cgqr cMh+ la[;k xkao
x.kjkT;ksa ij bl n`fVdks.k ls lger ug gSaA----- eSa futh rkSj ij
eglwl djrk gwa fd ;s xkao x.kjkT;] :l dh lksfo;rksa dh rjg
4 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
vPNs Lo'kklu dk ekWMy cu ldrh gSaA eSa lksprk gwa fd lafo/kku

esa xkao x.kjkT; LFkkfir djus dk ko/kku gks*A------ ^;g lc lqu dj
eq>s nq[k gqvk fd fof/k ea=h ml iz.kkyh ls ?k`.kk djrs gSa] ftlesa
xzkeksa dh bPNk loksZifj ekuh tkrh gSA esjs fopkj ls gesa ml Hkkx
dk mfpr la'kks/ku djuk iM+sxk*A ogh i`B 110] fnUukad 5-11-1948
Jh lkjax/kj nkl us dgk fd %
eq>s ;gka vo; dguk gS fd gekjs Ldwy o dkfytksa esa
ifpeh fk{kk QSyus ls ge xkao ls ukrk rksM c+SBs gSaA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us 06-11-1948 dks dgk fd %
eSa ,d nsgkrh gwa- fdlku ds ?kj iyk gwa vkSj ijofjk ik;k gwadqnjrh rkSj ij mldk laLdkj esjs mij gS vkSj mldk eksg]
mldh lkjh leL;k;sa vkt esjs fnekx esa gSaA------eSa lksprk gwa
fd nsk ds fuekZ.k esa xkaoksa dks mudk okftc fgLlk feyuk
pkfg, vkSj xkaoksa dk Hkko gj {ks= esa jguk pkfg,A
ds guqeUFkS;k us 17 11 1949 dks dgk fd %
lafo/kku dh iwjh rLohj kIr gksus ij] eSa rks bl lafo/kku dk
Lokxr djus vkSj iwjh rjg bldk xq.kxku djus ds fy,
viuk eu ug cuk ik jgk gwaA ;g dqN bl rjg gS fd ge
us ekaxk rks oh.kk ;k flrkj nsk dk laxhr Fkk] ysfdu fn;k
x;k gS vaxzst ds laxhr dk cSaM-A
lsB xksfcUn nkl us 22 11 1948 dks dgk fd %
Lknu esa MkV isk djrs gq, xkaoksa ds lEcU/k esa tks dqN dgk
mlls eq>s vkSj eSa le>rk gwa bl lnu dh cgqr Hkkjh la[;k
dks nnZ gqvk gS
Jh ih ,l ns'keq[k us 22-11-1949 dks dgk fd %
dld / 5
eSa lafo/kku dks ,d nwljs fcUnq ij Hkh nks"kiw.kZ ikrk gwaA ------ge
yksxksa dh vkdka{kkvksa ij [kjs ug mrjs gSA ;g dgus esa vfr
ug gS fd] fdruk Hkh vxkspj D;ksa u gks] ,d vksj ljdkj vkSj
nwljh rjQ turk ds chp ,d }U} mHkj jgk gSA yksx lkspus
yxs gSa fd ;g kklu mudk ug gSA eq>s lUnsg gS fd ;g
lafo/kku orZeku ;qx dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djsxk ;k Hkkjrh;
yksxksa dh frHkk dks lUrqV djsxkJh ch ih >qu>qUokyk us dgk fd %
;g xkao x.kjkT; ug Fks ftUgksaus nsk dh yqfV;k Mqcks;h Fkh]
cfYd ckr blds myV gSA fczfVk jkt esa ;g dsU Fkk ftlus
xkao dks cckZn fd;k tks nsk dh vkcknh dk 90 frkr fgLlk
gS vkSj ftlus nsk dks fHk[keaxk cuk fn;kA
Jh deykifr frokjh us dgk fd %
eSa uezrk ls dgrk gwa fd eq>s yxrk gS fd ;g lkekU; tu
dk lafo/kku rks lc ls de gSJh egkohj R;kxh usa 25-11-1949 dks dgk fd
xkao okyksa dh n`fV ls fp= uhjl vkSj csdkj gS- xkao oklh dks
;dhu fnykus ds fy, eSa dksbZ nyhy ug ns ldwaxk fd 26
tuojh 1950 lafo/kku ykxw gksus dh rkjh[k ls mldh gkyr
csgrj gksxhA mlds fy, blesa dqN Hkh Bksl ug gS ftlls og
bl lafo/kku dks vPNs <ax ls le>sA vr% esjk fuosnu gS fd
dsoy tc /kjrh cksus okyksa dks ;g lafo/kku pykus esas l{ke
cuk;s rHkh os bls vius vf/kdkjksa vkSj LorU=rk dk pkVZj ds
crkSj csgrj le>saxs lEcfU/kr m)j.k vak vaxzsth+ ls LoNUn vuqokn
6 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
lnu dh dk;Zokgh ls fy, x, bu pan m)j.kksa ls ckr lkQ

gks tkrh gS fd izLrkfor lafo/kku dks ysdj lnL; 'kgj o nsgkr
bu nks izeq[k fgrksa dks ysdj ckr j[k jgs FksA ysfdu] fdruksa us bls
vius fopkj vkSj deZ dk fgLlk cuk;k\ dguk dfBu gSA ijUrq
,d ckr fufoZokn dgh tk ldrh gS fd buesa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
ds fy, xzkeh.k Hkkjr oSpkfjd loky cu x;k FkkA vkxs Hkh lHkh
lnuksa dh dk;Zokgh bl rF; dks izekf.kr djrh gSA
ckr ;gka dsoy nsgkr o 'kgj ds chp odkyr dh ugha FkhA
ml le; u oksV dh fxurh dk fglkc FkkA vly loky utfj;s
dk Fkk] vktkn gq, ns'k ds fy, fodkl dh jkg r; djus dk FkkA
bl esa izeq[k ckr ekuo Je vkSj iwath ds chp NkaV dh Fkh vkSj
izLrkfor lafo/kku ds tfj;s r; dh xbZ jkg ds dkuwuh <kaps dks
cukuk FkkA lafo/kku fuekZrk bl ftEesnkjh ls ifjfpr FksA blhfy,
muesa ls cgqr xkao rFkk xkao dh vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, brus fpafrr
FksA
ckr dsoy nsgkr o 'kgj dh gksrh rks dksbZ bls HkkoukRed
vkxzg vFkok yxko dk dg dj gkFk /kks ysrkA ysfdu okn&fookn
esa my>s lafo/kku fuekZrk iz'u dh xgjkbZ ls ifjfpr Fks] blfy,
mUgksaus loky dks iwjh xEHkhjrk ls fy;kA ;gh dkj.k jgk fd
lnu esa py jgh cgl esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dks ckj&ckj vius
nsgkrh fgr dks nksgjkrs jguk iM+kA
tks yksx tehu ls tqM+s gq, Fks vkSj /kjkry dh vlfy;r ls
okfdQ Fks mudh le> Fkh fd Hkkjr [ksrh ij fuHkZj ns'k gSA ;gka
Je&l?ku fodkl dh jkg gh lgh dk;Zuhfr curh gSA t; fdlku
ds ukjs dk ;gh iz;kstu curk gSA nwljh vksj os yksx Fks tks iwath
dld / 7
iz/kku dkj[kkusnkjh esa ns'k dh le`f) ns[k jgs Fks Hkys blls vke
vkneh dk d"V c<rk gksA
bl cgl dks chrs yxHkx 64 lky gks x, gSaA ysfdu] [skrh
dks fodkl dh /kqjh cukus ls vFkok m|ksx dks fodkl dk dsUnz eku
dj pyus ls ns'k dk O;kid fgr l/krk gS] ;g loky vkt
vf/kd rh[kk gks x;k gS D;ksafd vc rd m|ksx dks fodkl dh
/kqjh eku dj pyk x;k gS vkSSj vHkh Hkh ns'k dh leL;k,a gy gksus
dk uke ugha ys jgh gSaA ml le; mBk;s x, loky ds egRo dks
bl lUnHkZ esa ns[kuk pkfg,A
mez ek= 32 lky ikj dh Fkh tc ns'k ds Hkfo"; dh [kkfrj
'kgj o xkao ds chp ekSfyd iz'u ij pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ml
le; vR;Ur ifjoDork dk ifjp;a fn;k vkSj ftanxh Hkj blij
cy nsrs jgsA muds O;fDrRo dk ;g i{k cgqr egRo j[krk gSA
lafo/kku lHkk dk dke 26 uoEcj] 1949 dks lekIr gqvk vkSj
bls iwjh rjg 26 tuojh 1950 dks ykxw fd;k x;kA pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag lafo/kku lHkk] lafo/kku lHkk fo/kk;h fQj vUrfje laln vkSj
ckn esa igyh o nwljh yksdlHkk rFkk iatkc o gfj;k.kk fo/kku lHkk
vkSj lu~ 1978 rd jkT; lHkk esa [kwc lf; jgsA
lHkh lnuksa esa pkS/kjh lkfgc us viuk i{k ugha cnykA
mUgksaus lnk vki&chrh dgh ftlls os ftanxh Hkj xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh
l'kDr vkokt cu dj lkeus vk;s vkSj blesa dgha dksbZ nqjko&fNiko
ugha cjrkA ;g budh viuh [kkfl;r jghA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
fdlku Fks rks muds pfj= esa fuMjrk] lPpkbZ vkSj viuksa ds izfr
yxu o fu"diV vkpj.k mu dh igpku FksA mlh rjg mudk
thou lh/kk&lknk FkkA vkxs ns[krs gSa--8 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
d`f"k, oaxzkeh.kfodkl
fo"k; ij
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ,d cgq&vk;keh O;fDrRo ds /kuh Fks]
tcfd muds thou ij bl iqLrd dk 'kh"kZd mUgsa xzkeh.k vkapy
ds izgjh dk ntkZ nsrk fn[krk gSA nksuksa esa dksbZ vUrj&fojks/k ugha
gSA mudh #fp esa tgka xkao jpk clk gqvk Fkk] 'kgj ls mUgsa uQjr
ugha FkhA fdUrq] 'kgfj;r iwath ij iyus okyh ,d vyx rjg dh
rgthc dk uke gS ftlls mUgsa uQjr Fkh] ftlus LorU= jk"V ds
xzkeh.k {ks= dks mlh le; ?ksjuk vkSj mlds izfr HksnHkko j[kuk
vkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA vius gfj;k.kk ls mudk yxko eka dh rjg
jgk] tcfd n`f"V mudh jk"V dh FkhA mudh le> iSuh vkSj csckd
izfr mudk xq.k FkkA fl)kUr vkSj thouewY;ksa ds izfr vVwV fu"Bk
vius firkJh ls fojklr esa feyh Fkh] ftlij Lora=rk vkUnksyu
vkSj vk;Z lekt dh Nki FkhA
xzkeh.k ifjos'k esa tUes&iys vkSj cM+s gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
us fdlkuksa dks dfBukbZ;ksa dk lkeuk djrs ns[kk FkkA vki c[kwch
mu dfBukbZ;ksa ls okfdQ FksA fons'kh 'kklu ls xzkeh.k vkcknh
flld jgh FkhA vfodflr xzkeh.k O;oLFkk esa lM+dksa] LokLF;
lqfo/kkvksa] f'k{kk O;oLFkk o Mkd[kkuksa bR;kfn dh deh rks Fkh gh]
vfirq d`f"k mRiknu ds fy,] flapkbZ ds fy, ikuh] cksus ds fy,
vPNk cht] [kkn o dhVuk'kd nokvksa ds vHkko esa d`f"k iSnkokj de
d`f"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl \ 9
gksuk vkSj ml iSnkokj dk mfpr ewY; u feyuk] e.Mh esa fdlku

dh mit dks cspus ds fy, vk<+rh }kjk rjg&rjg dh dVkSfr;ka]
ftlesa vk<+r] nykyh] rqykbZ] equheh] lQkbZ] pkSdhnkjk bR;kfn
'kkfey gSa] ftlls fdlku dks viuh esgur dk vk/ks ds djhc fey
ikrk FkkA bu lHkh T;knfr;ksa ls os c[kwch okfdQ FksA blfy, muds
fny esa ,d rjg dh Vhl FkhA mUgksaus lHkh lnuksa esa tgka&tgka os
lnL; jgs] ekSdk feyrs gh xzkeh.k fodkl ij ckr tksj nsdj dgh
vkSj uhfr cnyokus ij cy fn;kA
mUgksaus d`f"k mRiknu ds fy, liksVZ izkbZl leFkZu ewY; ij
fo'ks"k /;ku fn;kA mUgksaus viuh ftUnxh esa d`f"k mit ij daVksy
dk tekuk gh ugha ns[kk] d`f"k mRiknu ds Hk.Mkj.k ij jksd Hkh
ns[khA Qly vkus ij ewY; de gks tkrk Fkk vkSj fQj ,dne c<+
tkrk Fkk] ftlls fdlku dks uqdlku gksrk FkkA bu lHkh fo"k;ksa ij
vkius cM+s tksj'kksj ls vkSj Mads dh pksV ij fofHkUu ljdkjksa dks
psrkouh Hkh nh FkhA mldk vlj Hkh gqvk FkkA
d`f"k ds lkFk&lkFk tgka i'kq ikyu ij vkius ljdkj ls
fuosnu fd;k fd gfj;k.kk vkSj iatkc ls HkSal vkSj xk; cEcbZ vkSj
dydkk Hkst nh tkrh gSa vkSj nw/k iwjk gksus ij ogha dVok fn;k
tkrk gSA ;fn ljdkj mUgsa okfil ykus dk cankscLr djs rks ge
mUgsa ikydj nksckjk nq/kk: cuk,saxsA
;wa rks lHkh lnuksa esa] ysfdu fo'ks"k rkSjij laln esa rks dbZ ckj
mudh ckr bl rjg ekywe gksrh Fkh fd dksbZ foi{kh ny ds lkaln
cksy jgs gSaA bruh Li"Vrk ds lkFk viuh ckr dgrs FksA oSls rks os
gj lnu esa dbZ&dbZ ckj vkSj lSdM+ksa ckj Hkh cksys gSaA ysfdu] bl
v/;k; esa rks dsoy ogh va'k ladfyr fd, x, gSa tks Bhd le;
ij cM+h rkdr o fgEer vkSj fuMjrk ls lnu ds lEeq[k j[ks x;s
FksA iwjk fooj.k vkxs if<+,A
10 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
d`f"k, oaxzkeh.kfodkl
1- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag Lo;a dks xzkeh.k rFkk fdlku ekurs Fks
vkSj mudk tUe o ikyu iksk.k Hkh ,d xzkeh.k fdlku ifjokj esa
gh gqvk FkkA muds g`n; esa xzkeh.k mRFkku ds fy, ,d foksk yyd
FkhA blfy, xzkeh.k laca/kh fok;ksa ij tc Hkh ekSdk feyk] os viuh
ckr dgs fcuk ugha jgsA okZ 1948 ls ysdj 1978 rd bu rhl o"kksZa
esa mUgksaus viuk iz;Ru yxkrkj tkjh j[kkA
2- vkjEHk esa mUgsa lafo/kku lHkk ds fy, pqu fy;k x;k FkkA
lafo/kku lHkk dks Hkkjr dk lafo/kku fuekZ.k djus ds vykok nwljk
dke ml le; ds nkSjku dkuwu cukus dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k FkkA
;wa mldk uke Hkkjrh; fo/kku ifj"kn fy;k tkrk FkkA lafo/kku lHkk
dh cSBd esa igyh ckj Hkkx ysrs le; 6 uoEcj] 1948 dks pkS/kjh
j.kchj flag us nsgkr ds m)kj ds i{k esa cksyrs gq, dgk Fkk %
^êSa ,d nsgkrh gw] fdlku ds ?kj iyk gw vkSj ijofj'k ik;k

gwA dqnjrh rkSjij mldk laLdkj esjs ij gSA mldk eksg vkSj
mldh lkjh leL;k,a vkt esjs fnekx esa gSaA eSa ;g le>rk gw fd
ns'k ds vUnj mlds fuekZ.k djus esa ftruk cM+k gd nsgkfr;ksa dk
gksuk pkfg,] mruk mudks feyuk pkfg, vkSj gjsd pht esa nsgkr
dk izHkqRo gksuk pkfg,A** alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 6 uoEcj]
1948] i`"B 71
3- lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy, os i;kZIr Hkkstu ikuh vkSj diM+s dk

cUnkscLr djus ds i{k esa FksA mlds fy, pkS/kjh lkgc us nks rjhds
lq>k, Fks] tksfd bl izdkj ls gSa %
d- ^^ftruk tYnh laHko gks lds] ufn;ksa vkSj cka/kksa ds fuekZ.k
ds nksgu ds }kjk flapkbZ vkSj ty fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds fu"iknu
dk dk;Z o [kk| vkSj pkjk dk mRiknu c<+kus ds lk/ku viukus
dhA**
[k- ^îfj;kstuk vkSj i'kqvksa dh uLyksa ds lq/kkj mi;ksxh]
i'kqvksa ds o/k ij izfrca/k] fo'ks"k rkSjij nq/kk: i'kq vkSj i'kq elkSnk
o mPp laj{k.k djus dhA** alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 6 uoEcj]
1948] i`"B 74
4- vki vkjEHk ls gh d`f"k mRiknu dk mfpr ewY; fnykus ds

fy, fpafrr FksA vkius 23 uoEcj] 1948 dks lafo/kku ds elkSns ij
cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, d`f"k iSnkokj dh dherksa esa fxjkoV dh vksj
/;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gq, dgk Fkk %
^^fiNys fnuksa dk ft gS fd xqM+ vkSj dbZ phtksa dh izkbZl

bruh fxjh fd tks izkbZl pkj ;k ikp eghus igys Fkh] mldh pkSFkkbZ
jg xbZA ;g ,d d`f"k iz/kku ns'k gS vkSj ,sls ns'k esa bl fdLe dh
mFky&iqFky ,xzhdYpjy bdksukseh dks Hkh mFky&iqFky fd, cxSj
ugha jg ldrhA----- esjs dgus ds ek;us gSa fd ,xzhdYpj dh phtksa
dh bdksukseh izkbZl eqdjZj fd, cxSj ,xzhdYpfj"V dh bdksuksfed
ykbZQ esa LVsfcyhVh ugha vk ldrhA** alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag] 23 uoEcj] 1948] i`"B 81&82
12 \ vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
5- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag nsgkfr;ksa dk uqekbUnk Fks vkSj izk;%

rRij jgrs Fks fd nsgkr vkSj nsgkfr;ksa dh cgcwnh ds fy, dqN djsaA
blfy, 24 uoEcj] 1948 dks lafo/kku ds elkSns ij cgl esa Hkkx
ysrs le; mUgksaus dgk Fkk %
^^lHkkifr egksn;] ftl baVjsLV dk eSa izfrfuf/kRo djrk gw

;kuh [ksr ekfyd fdlku] mldk eq>s [ksn gS fd bl lafo/kku ds
vUnj dqN u dqN igys ls Hkh ihNs Qsadk x;k gS] mudks vkfFkZd
vktknh rHkh fey ldrh Fkh] tc ,slk dk;nk ekuk tkrk fd os
phtksa dks og iSnk djrs gSa vkSj mu phtksa dks ftl dher ij mlls
iSnk djrs gSa] mlls de dher ij cspus ds fy, etcwj u fd;k tk
ldrk gksrkA** alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 24 uoEcj] 1949] i`"B
108
6- Qjojh] 1948 dks jsy ctV ij gqbZ ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs gq,
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ,d dV eks'ku j[kk Fkk] ftlesa i'kq pkjk] xqM+
vkSj vukt dh tks lIykbZ gS] mlds fy, oSxu ekyxkM+h dk
fMCck lIykbZ u fd, tkus ij fdlkuksa dks cgqr Hkkjh eqf'dy gks
jgh FkhA D;ksafd vius d`f"k mRiknu dks fdlku ;gka ls ogka ugha
ys tk ldrs Fks] tgka mldk mfpr ewY; feyrk FkkA mlds fy,
mUgksaus lnu dks voxr djok;k Fkk fd %
^^dy gh xqM+ ds ckjs esa ,d loky dk tokc nsrs gq, ea=h

egksn; us crk;k fd xqM+ tgka iSnk gksrk gS] ogka 7 :i;s eu fcdrk
gS vkSj fgUnqLrku ds cgqr fgLlksa esa xqM+ dh dher 40 :i;s ls 50
:i;s eu gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd oSxu u feyus dh otg ls
xqM+ okyh txg ls nwljs t:jr okyh txgksa ij ugha Hkstk tk
ldrkA bldk urhtk ;g gksrk gS fd tks xqM+ iSnk djus okyk

fdlku gS] mldks rks bl c<+h gqbZ dher dk fgLlk ugha feyrk gSA
ysfdu] O;kikjh tksfd blesa dqN Hkh esgur ugha djrk] og lkjk
equkQk ys tkrk gS vkSj mldh otg ls CySd ekfdZV c<+rk gSA**
alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 24 Qjojh] 1949] i`"B 116
blds QyLo:i xqM+ ds fy, izkFkfedrk ij jsyxkfM+;ka pykbZ

xbZa vkSj oSxu Hkh eqgS;k djk, x,A
7- ;|fi cgl rks ctV ij gks jgh Fkh] ysfdu nsgkr esa
LokLF; lsokvksa dh deh gksus ds dkj.k vkius ekpZ] 1948 esa lnu
esa vke ctV ij cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, nsgkr ds fy, MkDVjh
lgk;rkFkZ /;ku j[kus ds fy, Jherh jktdqekjh ve`rdkSj] rRdkyhu
LokLF; ea=h dk /;ku fnyk;k FkkA vkius dgk Fkk %
^êsjk fny pkgrk Fkk fd eSa dqN vkSj dgwaA D;ksafd eSa Hkh ,d
nsgkrh gw] nsgkr esa iSnk gqvk gw vkSj nsgkr esa iyk vkSj vkt Hkh eSa
nsgkr esa jgrk gwA blfy, esjk cM+k fny djrk gS fd vkt eSa dqN
vkSj ckrsa vkils fuosnu dj nwA nsgkr fgUnqLrku dh jh<+ dh gM~Mh
gSA fgUnqLrku ds vUnj lkr yk[k nsgkrksa esa yksx iM+s gSaA----eSa ;g
fuosnu djuk pkgrk gw fd nsgkr ds vUnj pkgs og dsUnzh; 'kkflr
{ks=] lSUVYyh ,sMfefuLVMZ ,fj;kt gks] pkgs lwcksa ds] vLirky
[kqyok, tk,aA** alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 10 ekpZ] 1948 i`"B
119&120
8- Lora= Hkkjr esa uoxfBr ljdkj ls xzkeh.k fdlkuksa ds izfr

lgkuqHkwfruiw.kZ joS;k viukus dh mEehn j[krs gq, jsyos ctV dh
cgl esa ekpZ] 1949 dks Hkkx ysrs gq, d`f"k mit dk ewY; LVscykbZt
14 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
djus dh vksj /;ku fnykrs gq, vius g`n; dh Vhl bl izdkj ls

c;ku dh Fkh%
^^v/;{k egksn;] eSa ,d nsgkrh gw vkSj fdlku gwA eSa tc

nsgkr esa tkrk gw rks esjs nsgkrh HkkbZ vkSj fdlku HkkbZ [kkl rkSjij
esjs ls iwNrs gSa fd igyh ljdkj ,d lkSrsyh ek dh rjg ls gekjs
lkFk crkZo djrh jghA D;k ;g ljdkj Hkh gekjs lkFk lkSrsyh ek
tSlk gh crkZo j[ksxh\ felky ds rkSjij eq>ls ,d loky iwNrs gSa
fd dherksa dks tc cka/kk tkrk gS rks og 'kgfj;ksa ds Qk;ns ds fy,
fd;k tkrk gSA tc dHkh dHkh ,d fdlku dks vius vukt ij ,d
iSlk Hkh T;knk feyus dh mEehn gksrh gS rks ljdkj ds dk;ns vkSj
dkuwu mlds jkLrs esa vk tkrs gSaA mldh izkbZl dUVksy dj nh
tkrh gS vkSj ;g dkuwuh tqeZ djkj ns fn;k tkrk gS fd blls
T;knk dher ij u csp ldsA**
alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 16 ekpZ] 1948] i`"B 121
9- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us blh cgl esa vkxs pydj ;g Hkh

dgk Fkk fd fdlku o xzkeh.k dh vkokt dks dksbZ Hkh ugha lqurk
FkkA bldk vglkl djkrs gq, mUgksaus viuk nq%[k bl izdkj ls
c;ku fd;k %
^^mlds ikl u rks eksVj gS] u mlds ikl v[kckj gSA mldh
vkokt izsl esa vk ugha ldrhA** alafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 16
ekpZ] 1948] i`"B 122
10- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ckj&ckj xqM+ dh ?kVrh gqbZ dherksa

dh vksj /;ku fnyk;k vkSj crk;k fd og dbZ ckj dg pqds gSa fd

xqM+ dk Hkko 24 :i;s eu ls ?kVdj pkj :i;s gks x;k gSA mUgksaus
psrkouh nh Fkh fd ;fn fdlh vkSj pht dk bruk Hkko fxj tkrk
rks v[kckj rwQku [kM+k dj nsrsA mUgksaus fnYyh nsgkr dh fLFkfr
dh vksj /;ku fnykrs gq, fuosnu fd;k fd ,xzhdYpjy izksMD'ku
dh dher vPNh j[kh tk,xh rks mlesa ,xzhdYpfjLV dk gh Qk;nk
ugha gksxk] cfYd reke fgUnqLrku dk Qk;nk gksxkA ,xzhdYpfjLV
bdksukseh Hkh Bhd gksxhA
blh cgl ds nkSjku mUgksaus xzks eksj QwM vfHk;ku dh vksj
/;ku fnykrs gq, psrk;k Fkk fd bl o"kZ Hkh d`f"k ds fy, 110 djksM+
:i;s ctV esa j[kk gqvk gSA ;fn blesa ls 4 djksM+ :i;s fdlkuksa
dks u, dq,a cuokus ds fy, ns fn, tk,a vkSj mlesa 400 :i;k xzkUV
ds rkSjij gks rks bl rjhds ls ,d yk[k dq,a cudj rS;kj gks tk,axs
vkSj blds QyLo:i ,d djksM+ chl yk[k Vu vukt iSnk fd;k
tk ldrk gSA vc Hkh oDr gSA blds QyLo:i mUgsa d`f"k ea=ky;
ds fy, LFkk;h lfefr dk lnL; fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA
11- Qjojh] 1950 esa jk"Vifr egksn; ds Hkk"k.k ij cgl esa
fgLlk ysrs gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us vukt dh deh vkSj vukt
dh iSnkokj c<+kus ds fy, dgk Fkk fd ns'k ds vUnj dqN lkaln
vukt dh deh ugha ekurs] ;g ckr lp ugha gSA vxj vukt dh
deh ugha gksrh rks mu fnuksa gj lky 130 djksM+ :i;s dk vukt
ckgj ls D;ksa eaxk;k tkrk\ vr% ns'k esa vukt dh deh rks gS gh]
lkFk gh mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd esjk ekuuk gS fd vFkZ'kkL= ds dk;ns
dkuwu d`f"k iSnkokj ij Hkh ykxw gksrs gSaA blfy, gesa d`f"k dh
iSnkokj c<+kuh pkfg,A blds fy, gesa d`"kdksa dks lqfo/kk nsuh
pkfg,A tSls] ;fn dksbZ dk'rdkj ubZ tehu dks rksM+uk pkgs ;k
16 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
[ksrh ds vUnj dksbZ lq/kkj djuk pkgs ;k u, d`f"k ds vkStkj

[kjhnuk pkgs rks mldks lk/kkj.k C;kt ij dtkZ izkIr djk,A
ljdkj dk ;g le>uk Bhd ugha gS fd fdlku dh iSnkokj dh
dher ?kVk, vkSj nwljh vksj :i;k gkfly djus dh lgwfy;r Hkh
ugha gksA iSnkokj rHkh c<+ ldrh gS tcfd fdlku dks Qk;ukal
gkfly djus dh lgqfy;r nh tk;s vkSj mldh iSnkokj dk vf/kd
ewY; mls feysA
jk"Vifr egksn; us vius vfHkHkk"k.k esa ,xzhdYpjy yscj dh
vksj /;ku fnyk;k gS] ftlesa fdlku Hkh 'kkfey gSaA esjk iz'u gS fd
D;k mudha gkyr rlYyh c['k gS\ mkj] ugha gSA rks D;k vki
blds izfr ltx gSa\ nsgkr esa u dksbZ Ldwy gS] u dksbZ vLirky gS
vkSj muds fy, u lM+dsa gSa] tcfd 'kgjksa esa eksVjlkbZfdy]
lkbZfdy vkSj iSny pyus okyksa dh vyx&vyx lM+dsa gSaA ysfdu]
eSa [kqys rkSjij dgs cxSj ugha jg ldrk fd bl deh dks iwjk djuk
pkfg,A ftlls xzkeh.k [kq'kgky gksaxs rks] Hkkjr [kq'kgky gksxkA
12- 14 ekpZ] 1950 dks iz'udky ds le; esa pkS/kjh lkgc us

iwNk Fkk fd xqM+ dks nwljs izkUrksa esa Hkstus ij tks izfrca/k yxk;k x;k
Fkk] D;k mlls ewY;ksa esa o`f) gqbZ Fkh\ [kkl rkSjij jktLFkku esa\
d`f"k ea=h t;jke nkSyr jke us mkj fn;k Fkk fd xqM+ dk ewY; c<+k
FkkA cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius iwNk Fkk fd fnYyh esa xsgw lLrk
D;ksa gS\ mkj feyk Fkk fd xsgw dk vk;kr fd;k tkrk gS vkSj bl
ij lClhMh nh tkrh gSA blls Li"V gS fd iM+kSlh jkT; mu fnuksa
iatkc ds fdlkuksa dks fnYyh ys tkdj xsgwa cspus ij izfrcU/k FkkA
cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd ;fn ge nwljs
ns'kksa ls vukt bR;kfn eaxokdj mlij lClhMh nsrs gSa rks mUgsa
pkfg, fd d`f"k mRiknu ds fy, ehfuee izkbZl fQDl dj nsaA
pkS/kjh lkgc us ;-w,u-vks- ds lssVjh ls ckrphr ds gokys ls crk;k
Fkk fd vesfjdk esa d`f"k mRiknu dh c<+kSrjh rHkh laHko gks ldh gS]
tcls ogka ljdkj }kjk eqdjZj ewY; ls de gqvk rks ljdkj bl
Hkko ls fdlku dh iSnkokj dks [kjhnsxhA
mUgksaus xUus dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq, crk;k Fkk fd %
^^tc nks lky igys xqM+ dk Hkko fxjk rks yksxksa us xUus dh
iSnkokj cgqr de dj nh vkSj vc tc phuh dk iSlk mUgsa vPNk
feyk vkSj xUus dh Hkh dher de ugha dh xbZ rks dkQh T;knk
la[;k esa bl lky fdlku xUuk cks jgs gSaA** Lojkt dh fdj.ksa] 27
ekpZ] 1950] i`"B 51
13- D;ksafd d`f"k ij fjlpZ ds ifj.kke o lwpuk xzkeh.k bykdksa

rd ugha igqaprh Fkh] blfy, mUgksaus fpark O;Dr dh] fd tks fjlpZ
dh tkrh gS] mldk Kku fdlkuksa ds [ksr rd ugha igqaprkA bl
fo"k; esa mUgksaus lq>ko fn;k fd %
^êSa blds fy, T;knk ugha dguk pkgrkA ,d lq>ko viuk

j[kuk pkgrk gw fd Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ls tks urhtk gkfly
fd;k tkrk gS] og fdlkuksa rd igqapkus ds fy, dke gksA eSa t:jh
le>rk gw fd blds lkFk dksbZ xSj ljdkjh fudk; tksM+h tk, vkSj
og tks 'kks/k dk urhtk gkfly fd;k tkrk gS] mldks lgh rkSjij
ns'k ds dksus&dksus esa igqapkdj bldk izpkj fd;k tk,A** ckn esa
;g blh dk ifj.kke gS fd izR;sd ftys esa d`f"k Kku dsUnzksa dh
18 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
LFkkiuk dh xbZA Lojkt dh fdj.ksa] 27 ekpZ] 1950] i`"B 53

14- d`f"k mRiknu ds ewY; ds fo"k; esa vkidk dguk Fkk fd
;w-ih- esa [kk.Mlkjh 1950 esa 40 :i;s izfr eu fcd jgh gS vkSj
cEcbZ esa 90 :i;s izfr eu vkSj dydkk esa 70 :i;s izfr euA xqM+
dks gh yhft,A xqM+ 18 :i;s ls 22 :i;s izfr eu fcd jgk gSA
lfnZ;ksa esa vkSj vc viSzy esa 40 :i;s izfr eu ds fglkc ls fcd
jgk gSA tc ge ekfdZV dks dUVksy ugha dj ldrs rks fdlku dks
xqM+ dk Hk.Mkj.k djus ls dSls jksd ldrs gSa\ tc rd iwjs o"kZ
ewY;ksa dks fu/kkZfjr ugha dj ldrs rks lkjh izksM~;wl dks ekfdZV esa
ugha yk ldrsA
d`f"k ea=h ls ,d iz'u esa pkS/kjh lkgc us iwNk Fkk fd D;k
ljdkj dks irk gS fd pus ds Hkko esa QdZ gS\ jksgrd 'kgj vkSj
xko esa fHkUu&fHkUu gS\ mkj feyk Fkk fd ge bl ij fopkj dj
jgs gSaA
ml le; pus dks vius ikl 25 eu ls T;knk j[kus ij
fdlku dk pkyku dj fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj 7 o"kZ dh ltk dk
dkuwu esa izko/kku FkkA rc vdsys jksgrd esa 18 gtkj ls vf/kd
fdlkuksa ij bl tqeZ esa eqdnes pyk, x, FksA bl ij pkS/kjh lkgc
us laln esa loky mBk;k Fkk fd puk mRiUu djus okyk fdlku Hkh
25 eu ls vf/kd ugha j[k ldrkA mldh t:jr mlds ifjokj
rFkk HkSal o cSykas ds fy, de ls de 70 eu dh gSA fQj og 25
eu dh lhek D;ksa gS\ ;g ljklj ukbalkQh gSA ;fn diM+k T;knk
j[kus okys dk pkyku gksrk gS rks mls rhu o"kZ dh ltk feyrh gS
vkSj ;fn fdlku T;knk vukt j[k ys vkSj pkykuk gks tk;s rks mls
lkr lky dh ltk gksrh gSA mUgksaus xjtrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ;g
ljklj fdlku ds lkFk vU;k; gSA

15- pkS/kjh lkfgc us dgk fd gekjs ns'k esa d`f"k fo'ks"kKksa dh
deh gSA tks Hkh vius vkidks f"k fo'ks"kK dgrs gSa os dkj[kkuksa ds
fo'ks"kK rks gSa] ijUrq d`f"k fo'ks"kK ugha gSaA bl ns'k esa fdlkuksa dks
dtkZ ugha feyrk] bldk dkj.k gS fd flD;wjhVh ugha gSA dkj[kkusnkjksa
dks dtkZ fey tkrk gS] ysfdu os yksx fnokfy;k cudj dtkZ
[kqnZcqnZ dj nsrs gSaA vkius dHkh fdlh fdlku dks fnokfy;k curs
ns[kk gS\ *^êq>s ;g dgus esa 'keZ ugha vkrh gS fd bl ns'k esa ftuds
gkFk esa rkdr gS] mudk dk'rdkjksa ds lkFk dksbZ okLrk ugha gSA**
vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 21 uoEcj] 1950] i`"B 392
16- pkS/kjh lkfgc us crk;k fd vkidks ekywe gS fd rdkoh

fdl izdkj ls olwy dh tkrh gSA mUgksaus :jy Qk;usal dh
t:jr ij cy fn;kA D;ksafd nwljs Qk;ukal dks bruh t:jr ugha
gSA xzks eksj QwM ds fo"k; esa pkS/kjh lkgc dk dguk Fkk fd %
^^vc eSa ,d vkSj ckr vkils dguk pkgrk gwA eSa ;g ckr xzks
eksj QwM esa Hkh dguk pkgrk Fkk ysfdu] esjh cnfdLerh gS fd eq>s
le; ugha feykA xzks eksj QwM esa tks rjDdh ugha gks jgh gS] mlesa
,xzhdYpj Qk;ukal dk u feyuk] lcls cM+k dkj.k gSA blesa tc
rd Qk;ukal ugha feysaxs] rc rd dke;kch ugha feysxhA** vUrfje
laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 21 uoEcj] 1950] i`"B 397
17- blh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd %
20 \ vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
^êSa gkml dk T;knk oDr u ysrs gq, vkSj D;ksafd gekjs

yk;d nksLr Jh lR;ukjk;.k flag esjh rjQ dM+h utj ls ns[k jgs
gSaA var esa uez fuosnu djrk gw fd vki Hkh ikiyqjhVh yksdyqHkkou
ds lk/ku bLrseky djus pys gSaA mUgsa NksM+ nsa vkSj lgh ek;uksa esa
ns'k dh mUufr djsa vkSj dk'rdkj dks pk mBk,aA mldh ekQZr
ns'k dks [kq'kgky cuk,aA** avUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 21 uoEcj]
1950] i`"B 400
18- 18 fnlEcj] 1950 dks pkS/kjh lkgc us [kk| oLrqvksa ds

fo"k; esa dgk Fkk fd %
^^vkt voLFkk ;g gS fd ge vius ns'k dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr rc

rd ugha lq/kkj ldrs] tc rd vius [ksrksa dh iSnkokj dks u c<+k,aA
[ksr dh iSnkokj vki rc rd ugha c<+k ldrs] tcrd vkidh lkjh
bdksukeh daVksy gks ;k u gks rks vki fjdUVksy dhft,] ftlls
dhersa vius vki eqdjZj gksrh jgsaxh vkSj vxj vki daVksy gh
t:jh le>rs gSa rks ;g u lksfp, fd QwM dk daVksy djuk rks
Bhd gS vkSj mlls vkxs tkus ds fy, vkifktud ckr gksxhA eSa
;g le>rk gw fd ;g n`f"Vdks.k lgh ugha gSA** vUrfje laln
1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 18 fnlEcj] 1950] i`"B 1895
vki daVksy vkSj fMdaVksy dk [ksy er [ksfy,A ---dHkh daVksy

dHkh ugha---lksp le>dj ,d ikWfylh cuk;saA ihNs xqM+ ij daVksy
fd;k Fkk] dksbZ ykHk ugha gqvkA bl rjg ls vki nsgkr vkSj 'kgj
esa fMLhfeus'ku er dhft,A
19- ;g HkkX; dh foMacuk gS fd tc vukt [ksr ls mitdj
?kj esa vkrk gS rks mldh dher cgqr de nh tkrh gS& 10 vkSj 11
:i;s eu gksrh gSA vkius dgk %
^^ysfdu ogh vukt] ogh eDdh tks ;w-ih- ds vkSj iatkc ds

fdlkuksa ls 10 :i;s eu yh xbZ] ogh cktkj esa 22 :i;s eu ns nh
tkrh gS rks vki vUnktk yxk ldrs gSa fd ;g pht gekjs lekt
vkSj ns'k ds fy, fdruh [krjukd gS\** vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa
Hkk"k.k] 7 viSzy] 1951] i`"B 2968
bl ij rqjkZ ;g gksrk gS fd vukt vc Hkh fdlku ds ?kj esa

nck iM+k gS vkSj os yksx fdlku ij dkuwu dh ryokj pyokus dh
dksf'k'k djrs gSaA ;g 'kgj okyksa dh eu%fLFkfr dk izek.k gSA
HksnHkko ij
vUrfje laln esa fok fo/ks;d ij 11 vizSy] 1951 dks cgl
esa Hkkx ysrs gq, pkS/kjh lkfgc us dgk %
NksVs&NksVs dk'rdkj gSa] ftuds ij fd Hkw&jktLo
vf/kfu;e] ykxw gksrk gS vkSj tks mlds f'kdkj gSaA os lqizhe dksVZ
rd tk ugha ldrsA os ml dkuwu dks foHksndkjh djkj ugha fnyok
ldrsA blhfy;s] eSa mudk /;ku fo'ks"kr;k bl ckr dh rjQ
fnykuk pkgrk gwA vki tkurs gSa fd vk;dj dkuwu ds rgr
ftldh vkenuh ikap gtkj ls de gS] mlds ij dksbZ dj ugha
yxrkA ysfdu] ,d dk'rdkj] pkgs og ?kkVs esa gh jgrk gks] ysfdu]
vxj og ,d ch?kk Hkh dk'r djrk gS rks mldks Hkwfedj vnk djuk
iM+rk gSA rks eSa muls iwNrk gw fd D;k ;g foHksndkjh ugha gS\
fQj] 14 vizSy 1951 dks blh cgl dks vkxs c<+krs gq,
vkius dgk fd%
22 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
^^dk'rdkj dks etcwj fd;k tkrk gS fd og xqM+ fu;fU=r

Hkko ls cspsA ;gh xqM+ okyh gkyr jcM+ dh gSA ;gh gkyr dikl
dh Hkh gSA ns'k esa dk'rdkj ls mEehn dh tkrh gS fd og ns'k esa
dikl dh deh dks iwjk djsA ysfdu] fgUnqLrku esa iSnk gqbZ dikl
lcls lLrh fcdokbZ tkrh gSA
blh izdkj vc ns'k esa tks cM+h cM+h ugjsa cukbZ tk jgh gSa]
mlds lEcU/k esa gekjs ea=h egksn; R;kxh th tc igys lnu esa
b/kj cSBrs Fks rks mUgksaus ,d loky mBk;k Fkk vkSj mlds ij
vk/ks ?kaVs dh cgl Hkh pykbZ FkhA eq>s le> ugha vk;k fd ea=h in
gkfly gksus ds ckn ml rjQ muds fopkj dqN cny x;s ;k ughaA
esjs dgus dk eryc Hkwfe fodkl midj ls gSA esjh le> esa ugha
vkrk fd og vaxzst ljdkj ,d rkuk'kkg ljdkj Fkh] tks yksxksa
ds izfr ftEesokj ugha Fkh] og Hkh ,slk dj yxkus dh fgEer ugha dj
ldhA ysfdu] vkt gekjs ekuuh; usrk bl fdLe dh ckr D;ksa
lksprs gSa] eq>s bl lEcU/k esa flok; vQlksl tkfgj djuss ds vkSj
dqN ugha dguk gSA**
vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 14 viSzy] 1951]
mUgksaus eeZ dh ckr dgrs gq, 17 vizSy dks blh lnu esa
dgk fd %
^^dk'rdkj dh dkSu lqurk gS\ fQj Hkh blds lkFk&lkFk
og bl ckr ij Hkh xkSj djsa fd tks fnu jkr esgur djrs gSa vkSj
eqf'dy ls tjk lh] FkksM+h cgqr] [ksr ds etnwj dh lgk;rk ysrs gSa]
D;ksafd tc dkVus dk oDr gksrk gS rks og dkV ugha ldrs] rks
ftlus cks;k vkSj ftlus fnu jkr esgur dh vkSj j[kokyh dh]
mldks Hkh iwjh etnwjh feyrh gS ;k ugha\**
20- vUrfje laln esa 13 vxLr] 1951cgl esa fgLlk ysrs gq,
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us dgk fd

^^ljdkj dk fu;kZr 'kqYd c<+kus dk dsl dksbZ cgqr etcwr
dsl ugha gS] tSlk fd esjs yk;d nksLr ljors th us crk;k gSA
-------tSlk fd ekuuh; ea=h egksn; us tokc fn;k] fd mUgsa rks
;gh irk ugha fd fons'kksa ds vUnj frygu dk D;k Hkko gS\ tks
dsl twV dk Fkk] og dsl frygu dk ugha gSA nwljk loky ;g
gS fd vxj fons'kksa ds Hkkoksa ds ckjs esa dksbZ irk ugha gS rks fQj
'kqYd c<+kuk nq:Lr gks ldrk gS ;k ugha\ esjs yk;d nksLr fl/
kok lkgc us ;g Qjek;k fd vxj miHkksDrkvksa ds fy;s ;k
m|ksx ds fy;s ;g t:jr gks fd 'kqYd c<+k fn;k tk; rks
c<+k;k tkuk dksbZ [kjkc ugha gSA ;g ckr fdlh gn rd lgh
gks ldrh gSA ysfdu] eSa muls ;g dguk pkgrk gw fd m|ksx
vkSj miHkksDrk dk gh n`f"Vdks.k lkjs ns'k dk n`f"Vdks.k ugha gks
ldrkA ns'k ds vUnj rhljs <+ax ds Hkh vkneh gSa] tks frygu
iSnk djrs gSa] esgur vkSj etnwjh djrs gSa] [kwu vkSj ilhuk ,d
djrs gSa] mudk Hkh dksbZ n`f"Vdks.k gksrk gSA mudk Hkh n`f"Vdks.k
gS vkSj og bl ns'k ds vUnj cgqr rkdroj n`f"Vdks.k le>k
tkuk pkfg;sA esjs yk;d nksLr fl/kok lkgc us dgk fd blls
dk'rdkjksa dks dkSu lk uqdlku gks ldrk gS] ;g esjh le> esa
ugha vk;kA esjs nksLr ;gka ij ugha gSaA eSa muls dguk pkgrk
gw fd ftl rjg ls ljdkj us bl dsl dks is'k fd;k gS]
blds flok vkSj dksbZ vFkZ ugha yxk;k tk ldrk fd ljdkj
dk'rdkjksa ij ,d Vs<+k VSDl yxkuk pkgrh gSA ------ ckgj ds
Hkkoksa dk vkidks irk ugha gSA ,slh gkyr esa ftruk Hkh vki
Qkyrw dj c<+k;saxs] mruk gh O;kikjh dk'rdkj dh iSnkokj dk
Hkko de dj nsxkA
24 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
esjh le> esa dqN ,slk vkrk gS fd ljdkj ds fcy esa

dkj[kkusnkjksa ds fy;s ,d nfj;kfnyh gSA dkj[kkusnkjksa ds ikl
v[kckj gS] ftuls og viuk dsl vPNs <+ax ls ljdkj ds lkeus is'k
dj ldrs gSa vkSj ljdkj ij ncko Mky ldrs gSaA vki xUus dks
yhft;sA ,d rjQ xqM+ gS ftldks yk[kksa vkSj djksM+ksa dk'rdkj iSnk
djrs gSa vkSj tks yk[kksa vkSj djksM+ksa vknfe;ksa dks cxSj jk'ku ds ckaVk
tkrk FkkA nwljh rjQ phuh gS] ftls cM+s cM+s dkj[kkus iSnk djrs gSaA
,d rjQ xqM+ dks rks fu;fU=r dj fn;k x;k gS] ij phuh dks
vkaf'kd fu;fU=r dj fn;k x;k gSA
21- d`f"k ij dtkZ nsus dh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, fjtoZ cSad
vkWQ bf.M;k veSUMeSaV fcy mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd %
^ôg blfy, cryk;k gS fd [ksrh ds dke ds fy, rhu fdLe

dk Qk;uka'k pkfg,A ,d FkksM+s vlsZ ds fy,] ,d chp ds vlsZ ds
fy, vkSj ,d T;knk vlsZ ds fy,A** vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k]
23 Qjojh] 1951] i`"B 3446
fjtoZ cSad dk gokyk nsrs gq, vkius crk;k fd dqa, ds yksu

dks okfil djus ds fy, 15 eghus FkksM+k le; gS] ftls NksVk
dk'rdkj vnk ugha dj ldrkA D;ksafd dqavk jkrksajkr cudj rS;kj
ugha gksrkA blds fy, le; dh fe;kn c<+kbZ tk,A
22- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us tujy ctV dh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs
gq, dgk Fkk fd %
^^gekjs ;gka dikl cksus okys gSaA 'kkVZLVsiy NksVs js'ks dh

dikl iSnk djrs gSaA mudh dikl rks 600 :i;s Qh dSaMh ds
fglkc ls [kjhnok nsrs gSaA ogh dikl xzkeh.k ds ikl ls vkus ds

ckn 1960 :i;s Qh dSaMh ds fglkc ls fcdrh gSaA blij ljdkj
800 :i;s Qh dSaMh dk VSDl Hkh ysrh gSA blds ckn Hkh O;kikjh
ftUgksaus u ikuh nsus dh rdyhQ mBkbZ] u dHkh tehu dks tksrk
vkSj xksM+k] og Hkh 560 :i;s dk equkQ mlesa ls caVksjrk gSA blds
vykok vkSj yhft,A yksax LVsiy yEcs js'ks ;k ehfM;e LVsiy
e/;e js'ks dh dikl 850 :i;s dSaMh ds fglkc ls [kjhnok nh
tkrh gSA og ikfdLrku ds vUnj 1700 ls 1800 :i;s Qh dSaMh
fcdrh gSA** avUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 2 viSzy] 1951] i`"B 5740
nwljh vksj /kksrh ds tksM+s dh dher 21 :i;s crkbZ xbZ gS]
ysfdu dikl iSnk djus okyk nsgkr esa cSBk gSA ogh /kksrh dk tksM+k
30&35 :i;s esa feyrk gSA ;g 'kk;n vki yksxksa dks ugha ekyweA
D;skafd bl ij daVksy dj fn;k tkrk gSA
23- tujy ctV dh cgl esa viSzy] 1951 dks pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag us dgk Fkk fd ekuuh; lnL; vukt mxkus ds fo"k; esa ftjg
rks djrs gSaA ysfdu] mudks ;g Hkh irk ugha fd xsgw dk isM+ fdruk
cM+k gksrk gS vkSj pus dk isM+ fdruk cM+k gksrk gSA xzkeh.k lekt
dk i{k ysrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ftjg dk le; mudks fn;k tkuk
pkfg,] ftuds iwoZt [ksrh djrs vk, gSa] ogh T;knk vPNk lq>ko ns
ldrs gSaA mUgksaus dgk %
^^vc eSa vkils bruk gh dguk pkgrk gw fd eSa mu lnL;ksa

esa ls ugha gw] tks ;g ekurs gSa fd ns'k ds vUnj vukt dh deh ugha
gS vkSj eSa mu lnL;ksa esa ls Hkh ugh gw] tks ;g le>rs gSa fd daVksy
djus ls ;k MhdUVksy djus ls vukt dk elyk gy gks ldrk gSA
26 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
eSa le>rk gw fd vukt dk elyk T;knk mitkus ls gh gy

gksxkA** vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 7 viSzy] 1951] i`"B 6274
dqN ekuuh; lnL; ;g Hkh lksprs gSa fd Iykfuax ls gh

vukt dk elyk gy gks tk,xkA mUgsa rks bruk rd Hkh irk ugha
fd xsgw fd Qly idus rd fdruh ckj tehu esa ikuh yxkus iM+rs
gSaA gekjs iz/kkuea=h vkSj vU; ea=h Hkh ;g le>rs gSa fd ;q) Lrj
ij [ksrh djk,axs vkSj vukt dh iSnkokj c<+k,axs vkSj nwljh vksj iSls
dk cUnkscLr Hkh ugha djrsA dsoy 25 djksM+ :i;s nsdj fdl eqag
ls ;g dgrs gSa fd ge ;q) Lrj ij vukt dh iSnkokj c<+k,axs vkSj
rjDdh djsaxs\ ge ;g ugha le> ik, fd [ksrh ckfj'k ds cxSj
dSls gks ldrh gS\ [ksrh ds fofHkUu vuktksa dks cksus ds ckn ,d
fuf'pr le; ds ckn gh fHkUu&fHkUu idus dk le; gSA tks ?kVk;k
;k c<+k;k ugha tk ldrkA ysfdu] iSlk rks fn;k tk ldrk gSA
mUgksaus crk;k fd %
^ôkj csfll ds fy, eSa le>rk gw fd mUgsa 300 djksM+ :i;s

blds fy, eatwj djokus pkfg,a FksA eSa mu nksLrksa] tks ;g le>rs
gSa fd [ksrh dh rjDdh ds Qk;ns ds fy, tks :i;k fn;k x;k gS]
og tk;k pyk x;kA eSa crykuk pkgrk gw fd og xyrh ij gSa**A
vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 7 viSzy] 1951] i`"B 6275
24- pkS/kjh lkfgc us fiNys o"kZ ds vkadM+ksa dk gokyk nsrs gq,

crk;k Fkk fd 23 djksM+ ls 10 yk[k dqa, vkSj ,d dqa, ds fy, 20
eu Qkyrw vukt iSnk gqvk rks gesa fo'okl gksuk pkfg, fd ;g 60
yk[k dqa, bl ns'k ds vUnj cuk nsa rks vukt dh deh ds vkadM+s
'kwU; gks ldrs gSaA muds [;ky ls vf/kd :i;k dq,a cukus ds fy,
fn;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlls vukt dh vf/kd iSnkokj gks ldsA esjs
dqN HkkbZ dgrs ugha Fkdrs fd dikl ikfdLrku] feJ vkSj vesfjdk
ls ys ysaA dSls ys ysa] tcfd ;gka ?kj ij dikl ds Hkko 600 :i;s
eu gSa vkSj vesfjdk esa 1960 :i;s eu fcdrh gS\
fu;kZr ij ,DliksVZ M~;wVh c<+kus ckjs cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq,
dikl dh dher ds fo"k; esa vkius dgk Fkk %
^^,d rjQ rks og vkneh gS] tks [ksr esa eqf'dy ls dikl iSnk
djds iSlk pkgrk gS] nwljh rjQ dkWVu osLV ij 50 izfr'kr
,DliksVZ M~;Vh nsdj Hkh ykHk esa jgrk gSA ysfdu] blds ckotwn
D;k og bl ckr ls bUdkj dj ldrs gSa fd ftruh dher dikl
iSnk djus okys dks ljdkj nsrh gS] mruh dher rks de ls de gj
lwjr esa O;kikjh dksVu osLV ckgj Hkstdj gkfly dj ysrk gS\ D;k
tks dikl iSnk djus okyk gS] mldh dikl dh dher dkWVu osLV
ds cjkcj yxkbZ tk;s\ D;k ;gh vkidh ljdkj ls U;k; dh
roDdks dh tk ldrh gS\** vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 7 twu]
1951] i`"B 10427
nwljh vksj pkS/kjh lkgc us dgk fd /kksrh dh dher nsgkr esa

CySd esa 22 :i;s FkhA tc gkml dk lS'ku 'kq: gqvk] og vc 22
ls c<+dj 32 gks xbZ gSA ;ksa rks dUVksy jsV ls /kksrh dh dher 12
:i;s gS] ysfdu feyrh dgka gS\
25- ikap ekpZ] 1952 esa fok fo/ks;d ij ppkZ djrs gq,
,xzhdYpj bdksukeh dk ft fd;k Fkk fd eU=h egksn; us dy
crk;k fd 1931 ls ysdj lu~ 1939 ds ckn ls fQj dqN le;
28 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
cnyk vkSj f"k vFkZO;oLFkk ds vUnj ,d rcnhyh vkbZ] ftlesa

fdlku dks dqN jkgr feyhA ysfdu] bl lky ls nwljs gkykr 'kq#
gq,A ;gka ij gekjs dbZ HkkbZ] ,d ckr ckj&ckj dgrs gSa fd vukt
bruk egaxk gks x;k gS] mlls bUMSDl ds brus IokbaV c<+ x, gSaA
bl lUnHkZ esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us dgk Fkk fd %
^^ysfdu eSa mUgsa crykuk pkgrk gw fd os ,d lky dk gh oDr

ysaA vkius fiNys lky xqqM+ dk Hkko 21 :i;s eu j[kk Fkk] dUVksy
esaA ysfdu] vkt xqM+ ds Hkko dh D;k gkyr gS\ og vkt 6 ;k 7
:i;s izfr eu fcd jgk gSA dqN vUnktk yxk ,d rjQ rks IokbaVksa
dh fxurh djrs jgrs gSa vkSj ns'k ds vUnj kfUr dh ckr djrs gSa
vkSj nwljh rjQ vki xqM okyksa dks nsf[k,A vkf[kj og Hkh rks
vkids gh ns'koklh gSaA muls Hkh ns'k ds ij vlj iM+rk gSA
mudh fch dh nj ,dne 21 ls 6 #i;k ij vk tk,] ;g dksbZ
ckr gS\----eSa vkils iwNrk gwa fd D;k ;gh vkidh fu/kkZfjr vFkZO;oLFkk
gS\* ----tc dqN eagxk Fkk rc vkius iwjh rkdr yxkbZ] fiNys lky
dksYgqvksa ij ykblsUl vkius yxk;k vkSj vkius xqM+ dks lLrk djus
ds fy;s rjg rjg dh rjdhcsa bLrseky dhaA eSa [kk| ea=h lkgc ls
fuosnu d:axk fd vkius D;k vf/kdkj fn;s gSa ftlls xqM+ dk Hkko
dgha rks tkdj fVds\ vxj vki blds fy;s dqN ugha djrs gSa
rks D;k eSa iwN ldrk gw fd vki [kk| ea=h gSa ;k m|ksx
ea=h gSa\---vkt ns'k ds vUnj D;k gkykr gSa\ tks lcls vPNh yEcs
js'ks okyh dikl gS] og gkalh bykds esa vkSj djuky o esjs ftys esa
cksbZ tkrh gSA vkt mls dksbZ Hkh fdlh Hkko ij cksus ds fy, rS;kj
ugha gSA oSlh gh dikl vki vejhdk ls] ftldk Hkko rdjhcu rhu
lkS :i;k iM+rk gS] ;k blls Hkh T;knk ysrs gSaA ysfdu vki vius
ns'k dh dikl ipkl :i;k eu Hkh ysus dks rS;kj ugha gSA D;k eSa
vkils iwN ldrk gw fd ;g dSlh fu/kkZfjr vFkZO;oLFkk gS\** vUrfje

laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 5 ekpZ] 1952] i`"B 2026&27
mlh fnu mUgksaus dgk fd %

dbZ nksLr le>rs gSa fd vkS|ksfxd {ks= ds vUnj [kk| NwV
t:j nh tk;s] vxj ugha nh tkrh gS rks bUMsDl uEcj apk gks
tk;sxkA ysfdu] tc nsgkr ds etnwjksa dh ckr vkrh gS rks bl ckr
dks Hkwy tkrs gSaA dgrs gSa mudks rks dk'r esa lk>k feyrk gSA dSlk
lk>k\ vxj] ,d balku dks ikap eu ;k pkj eu vukt feyrk gS
rks mlds vUnj mldk thou fuokZg ugha gks ldrk gSA dgk tkrk
gS nsgkr ds vknfe;ksa dh vkenuh esa cgqr QdZ iM+ x;k gSA eSa
vkidks crykuk pkgrk gw fd vkt dy lcls de vkfFkZd Lrj ;k
de ls de vkenuh fdlh oxZ dh gS rks og [ksrhgj etnwj dh gS
vkSj vxj vki pkgrs gSa fd [kk| fj;k;r nh tkrh rks vxj blds
fy, ewY; esa lcls igys fdlh dk gd gS rks og [ksrhgj etnwj dk
gSA vxj mudks vki feVkuk pkgrs gSa rks feVkb;sA tgka vkSj oxZ
dks rdyhQ gksxh] ogka mudks Hkh rdyhQ gksxhA dbZ Hkkb;ksa dks
Mj gS v'kkafr dkA eSa mudks crkuk pkgrk gw fd vxj vki ,f'k;k
ds bfrgkl dks i<+sa] rks vkidks ekywe gksxk fd fdlh dk vujsLV
cspSuh ;gka rhoz gqvk gS rks og nsgkr dk gSA vki crykbZ;s fd
vkids lkeus enzkl] ;k cEcbZ ;k dydkk dk loky gS ;k rsyaxkuk
dk loky gSA vkt tks gekjs iz'kald gSa] mudks rsyaxkuk dh ckrsa
ns[kdj uhan ugha vkrh gSaA eSa iwNuk pkgrk gw fd D;k og vkS|ksfxd
etnwj gSa\ fgUnqLrku ds fy;s vxj dksbZ kfUr vkus okyh gS rks og
nsgkr ls vkus okyh gSA
vxj] vktknh vkbZ gS rks og fgUnqLrku ds nsgkr ds
flikfg;ksa dh yM+kbZ dh otg ls gS tksfd rdjhjsa nsuk ugha tkurs
Fks vkSj v[kckjksa esa [kcjsa ugha Hkst ldrs FksA mUgha yksxksa dh otg
ls nwljh kfUr vkus okyh gSaA
30 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ml fnu fok fo/ks;d ij cgl esa pkS/kjh lkfgc us Hkfo";

n`"Vk dh Hkkafr viuh ckr j[kh vkSj crk;k fd %
^^bl ns'k esa nsgkr dk fgLlk lcls vf/kd gSA vthc ckr
gS fd ,d d`f"k iz/kku ns'k gks vkSj mldh uhfr rc curh gS rks nsgkr
dh u fxurh gksrh gS] u lquokbZ gksrh gS] u dksbZ iwN gksrh gS] u rkN
gksrh gSaA eSa vkils dguk pkgrk gw fd vki tjk djk/kku vk;dj
olwy djrs gSaA gekjs ckcw Bkdqj nkl la;qDr ifjokj dk cM+k xhr
xkrs jgrs gSaA og dgrs gSa fd la;qDr ifjokj esa pkj] ikap gtkj ;k
Ng gtkj rd ekQ dj fn;k tk;A nwljh rjQ] nsgkr esa djk/kku
dk D;k gky gS\ vxj ,d vkneh ,d ch?kk Hkh cksrk gS vkSj pkgs
mldks ?kkVk gh D;ksa u gks mldks dj nsuk gksxkA eSa iwNuk pkgrk
gw fd og vaxzst okyh dgkuh vkt Hkh D;k dksbZ dgus dh fgEer
dj ldrk gS fd tehu ljdkj dh eyfd;r gS vkSj nwljh phtsa
ljdkj dh eyfd;r ugha gSA yxku Hkh ,d dj gSA vk;dj Hkh
,d dj gSA rks ns'k esa ,d ds fy;s dj dk ,d fl)kUr gS vkSj nwljs
ds fy, nwljk fl)kUr gSA**
Jh ';keuanu lgk; % mudks D;k nsuk iM+rk gS\
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag % bZ[k ds fy;s ,d ,dM+ ij 15 :i;k iM+rk
gS vkSj nwljs ds fy, <+kbZ :i;k nsuk iM+rk gSA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag % eSa ,d vkSj ckr dguk pkgrk gwA ;g
vthc ckr gS fd fnYyh cu jgh gS vkSj p.Mhx<+ cu jgk gSA ogka
lM+das cu jgh gSaA ogka yksxksa ds fy;s rjg rjg ds vkjke ds
bartke fd;s tk jgs gSaA blds fy;s ogka okyksa ls D;k fy;k tkrk
gS\ eSa iwNuk pkgrk gw fd fnYyh ds ij fdruk [kpZ gqvk gS vkSj
blesa ls fnYyh okyksa dk fdruk fgLlk gS\ ysfdu] nsgkr ds fy;s
;g ckr gS fd vxj dgha ugj fudyrh gS rks mldk lkjk [kpZ

nsgkr okyksa ls fy;k tkrk gSA mlds ckn Hkh mlds fy;s mudks dj
nsuk iM+rk gSA vki crkb;s fd ;g vkids fok dh dkSu lh
fu"i{krk gS\ D;k vkids fok dk ;gh U;k; gS fd tks dkuwu cuk;k
tkrk gS og nsgkr ds fy;s ,d rjg dk gksrk gS vkSj 'kgj okyksa ds
fy;s nwljh rjg dk gksrk gS\
e/;e Js.kh ds vknfe;ksa dh rdyhQksa dk cM+k ft fd;k
tkrk gSA D;k ;g lp ugha gS fd fgUnqLrku ds vUnj tc rd
vaxszt jgs vkSj muds ckn lu~ 1939 rd fgUnqLrku ds e/;e Js.kh
okyksa us u dsoy vius gd dk gh [kk;k gS] cfYd nwljksa ds gd dk
Hkh [kk;k gS\ vc vxj nl lkyksa ls mudks viuk gh gd fey jgk
gS rks blesa dkSu lk vU;k; gS\ vkt Hkh vxj ge fgUnqLrku dh
lkslkbVh dk eqdkcyk djsa rks vkidks ekuuk gksxk fd e/;e Js.kh
okys nwljksa ds eqdkcys esa vkt Hkh thr esa gSaA vki e/;e Js.kh okyksa
ds fy;s bruk uje joS;k j[ksa vkSj nwljksa ds fy;s u j[ksa] ;g dgka
rd Bhd gS vkSj dgka rd ;g ckr pyus okyh gS] [kkl rkSj ij ,sls
ns'k esa tgka fd ckfyx erkf/kdkj gksa vkSj tgka ckfyx erkf/kdkj
ij jkT; curk vkSj fcxM+rk gks\
blfy;s vxj vki pkgrs gSa fd fgUnqLrku esa fLFkj ljdkj
gks vkSj ;kstukc) <+ax ij rjDdh gks rks mlds fy;s vkidks lkspuk
gksxk] le>uk gksxk vkSj viuh fokh; uhfr;ksa dks cnyuk gksxkA
vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 5 ekpZ] 1952] i`"B 2026&28
26- NksVs fdlkuksa dh rjQnkjh djrs le; iSIlw jkT; ds

laca/k esa cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, pkS/kjh lkfgc us VSDVjksa ds dtsZ ds
fo"k; esa eqtkjksa ds izfr fpark O;Dr djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd %
^^dtZ ds ckjs esa eq>s dguk gS fd blesa fy[kk gqvk gS fd 91

VSDVjksa dk dtZ fn;k x;kA ;fn ;s VSDVjtZ ,sls yksxksa dks fn, x,
32 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
gSa] ftUgksaus ubZ tehu dks rksM+k gS] rkfd bl ns'k esa vukt dh deh
nwj gksA eq>s blesa dksbZ ,srjkt ugha gSA ysfdu] bu VSDVtZ dk dtZ
,sls yksxksa dks fn;k x;k] ftudha tehusa igys ls gh pkyw Fkha rks eq>s
mlesa t:j ,srjkt gSA D;ksafd mlls rks ns'k ds vUnj csjkstxkjh
iSnk dj jgs gSaA D;ksafd mu VSDVjksa ls gekjs eqtkgjksa dks csn[ky
fd;k tk,xkA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 16 flrEcj]
1953] i`"B 3889
27- D;ksafd d`f"k mRiknu dk lgh ewY; izkUr esa ugha fey jgk
FkkA blfy, d`f"k mRiknu dh iwjh dher u feyus ds ckjs esa QkbZo
bZ;j Iyku iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ij cgl ds nkSjku mUgksus tksj nsdj
laln esa dgk Fkk fd %
^^vktkn fgUnqLrku esa d`f"k lalkj ds vUnj ,d vthc gkyr

gSA vki pkgsa ;w-ih- ds vUnj tkbZ, ;k fcgkj ds vUnj tkbZ,A ogka
dgha xUus dh dher fxjus ds f[kykQ vkokt gS] dgha xsgwa dh
dher fxjus ds f[kykQ vkokt gS rks dgha eDdh dh dher fxjus
ds f[kykQ vkokt gS vkSj dgha jcj dh dher fxjus ds f[kykQ
vkokt gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 22 fnlEcj] 1954]
i`"B 3767
28- fnlEcj] 1954 esa iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ij gqbZ cgl esa vkxs
Hkkx ysrs gq, dgk Fkk fd ljdkj dks pkfg, fd dk'rdkjksa dks
muds mRiknu dk Bhd ewY; fn;k tk, vkSj mudha iSnkokj dks
ljdkj }kjk [kjhnk tk, vkSj mudha liksVZ izkbZl fu;r dj nh
tk,A vkius dgk fd %
^êSa vtZ djuk pkgrk gw fd vkius ihNs ns[kk gS fd fdnobZ

lkfgc us ,syku djok;k Fkk fd iatkc ljdkj vkSj ;w-ih- ljdkj

ls xsgwa ds Hkko vxj 10 :i;s eu ls fxjsa rks ljdkj xsgwa dks
[kjhnus ds fy, cktkj esa vk,xhA bl ,syku dk vlj ;g gqvk fd
xsgwa dk Hkko 10 :i;s ls uhps fxjus ls :d x;kA** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 22 fnlEcj] 1954] i`"B 3767
29- fMek.Ml Qksj xzWkUVl 1955&56 dh cgl esa cksyrs gq,

xqM+ vkSj xsgwa ds Hkko dh ckcr loky mBk;k Fkk vkSj dgk Fkk fd
eSa vkids lkeus dqN fcUnq j[kuk pkgrk gw %
^^mkj izns'k dks yhft,] ogka ij 1949 ls 1952 rd pkoy

dk Hkko 35 :i;s vkB vkUus 11 ikbZ jgk vkSj fnlEcj] 1954 esa 11
:i;s vkB vkUus gks x;kA vc xsgwa dks gh yhft,] ogka ij lu~
1949 ls 1952 rd bldk Hkko 16 :i;s eu FkkA ;g Hkko ljdkjh
dUVksy dk FkkA ekdsZV dh D;k ckr gSA D;ksafd ;g Hkko 16 :i;s
ls ?kVdj lu~ 1954 esa 10 :i;s eu jg x;kA vUnktk yxkbZ;s fd
bldk bruk QdZ gSA eq>s ;kn gS fd xqM+ 21 :i;s eu Fkk vkSj
vkt 7 :i;s eu fcdrk gSA vki ns[ksaxs frxquk QdZ gSA** lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 24 ekpZ] 1955] i`"B 3218
30- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us nq/kk: i'kqvksa ds ckjs esa vius fopkj
O;Dr djrs gq, dgk fd mudks cpkuk pkfg,A mudks dRy ugha
djokuk pkfg,A vkius tksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd %
^êSa ,d ckr dguk pkgrk gw fd tks gekjs fo/kku esa j[kh xbZ
gS fd bl ns'k ds vUnj vPNs i'kqvksa vkSj mudh uLy dks cpk;k
34 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
tk ldsA d`f"k ea=ky; ls dbZ ea= vkSj rgohtsa fudyha fd jksgrd

vkSj fglkj ls ijfeV ls dydkk tk,axs vkSj ijfeV ls cacbZ
tk,axsA bl fdLe dh ,d Ldhe jksgrd vkSj fglkj ij ijfeV
}kjk i'kqvksa dks dydkk ys tk,axs vkSj ijfeV ls cEcbZ ys tk,
tk,axsA cM+s rkTtqc dh ckr Fkh] D;ksafd gekjk rks is'kk gS Maxj dks
ikyuk vkSj gekjk ftyk gj lky nks djksM+ :i;s lky ds Maxj
ckgj Hkstrk gSA vc dksbZ gels dgs fd vkids Maxj ckgj tkuk can
gSa rks 2 djksM+ :i;s dk gedks VksVk iM+rk gSA bl fdLe ds ea=
dSls Hkyk dj ldrs gSa\** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57]
24 ekpZ] 1955] i`"B 3220
31- muds g`n; esa i'kq/ku ds ds fy, cgqr nq%[k FkkA vr%
mUgksaus vkxs pydj i'kq/ku cpkus ds fy, lq>ko fn;k vkSj cM+s
dkjxj <+ax ls mu <ksaxh yksxksa ij pksV djrs gq, crk;k Fkk fd tks
dydks vkSj cacbZ ds lsB yksx xkSo/k jksdus ds fy,] izpkj izlkj
ds fy, /ku nsrs gSa] ysfdu dydkk] eqEcbZ vkSj enzkl esa mu Maxjksa
dks ugha j[k ldrs] tks nw/k nsuk cUn dj nsrs gSaA mUgsa LykWVj
gkl Hkst nsrs gSa] rks os dgka ds x fgrS"kh gSa\ eSa lq>ko nsrk gw
fd ;fn i'kq/ku cpkuk gS rks%
^^lh/kh ckr gS fd ,sls dqN Maxjksa dks cpkus dh ,d gh rjdhc

gS fd mu Maxjksa ds okLrs gekjh ljdkj dqN lClhMh ns vkSj
jksgrd o fglkj dh rjQ mudk eqag dj nsA fglkj igqapus okys
Maxjksa dks ge viuh Nkrh ls yxk,axs vkSj mudks ikysaxs o ikslsaxsA
;gh ,d rjdhc gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 24
ekpZ] 1955] i`"B 3221
32- bdksukWfed ikWfylh ds lUnHkZ esa laln esa py jgh cgl

esa pkS/kjh lkfgc us ,d ckr Li"V djus dh dksf'k'k dh Fkh fd
fdlkuksa dks mlds mRiknu dk lgh ewY; fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
vkius tksj nsdj dgk fd %
^^vxj iatkc ds fdlku 'kksj djrs gSa rks blfy, ugha fd ogka
lhfyax ugha gSA cfYd blfy, fd flyflys esa xsgw o pus dh
dher mudks Bhd ugha feyrh\ bl rjg ls lkFk ds fdlku
mBrs gSa rks blfy, ugha ogka ij lhfyax ugha gSA cfYd muds jcM+
dh] pk; dh] dgos dh] :bZ dh vkSj xzkm.MuV dh dher mudks
Bhd ugha feyrh gSA blh rjg ls twV dk gky gSA** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 1 vDrwcj] 1955] i`"B 16105&06
33- blh cgl esa vkxs mUgksaus izkbZl liksVZ dk ft fd;k

vkSj ekax dh Fkh fd ge vkt Hkh fpYyk jgs gSa vkSj ljdkj liksVZl
izkbZl ns jgh gSA mUgksaus iatkc esa xsgwa dh dher dh vksj /;ku
fnykrs gq, dgk Fkk fd %
^^vkt vki nsa[kas fd gkyr D;k gS\ og xsgwa] tksfd iatkc esa
Qly dVrs le; 8 :i;s eu fcd jgk Fkk vkSj vkt enzkl vkSj
dydkk esa 18 :i;s eu fcdrk gSA og puk tks iatkc esa 5 :i;s
eu rd fcdk Fkk vkSj vkt 14&15 :i;s eu rd fcdrk gSA
blesa loky rks Iykfuax dk gSA* lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk
1952&57] 1 vDrwcj] 1955] i`"B 16108
34- phuh ds fu;kZr ds fo"k; esa cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, mUgsa cM+s
36 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
nq%[k ds lkFk ;g crkuk iM+k fd fdlku dh iSnkokj dks [kjhnus ds

fy, dksbZ ftEesnkj ugha gSA vkius dgk %
^^---------ea=h egksn; us dgk Fkk fd muds ikl dksbZ e'khujh

ugha gS] tksfd fdlkuksa ds xsgwa] /kku vkSj cktjk oxSjg dks [kjhn
ldsA muds ikl bl dke ds fy, :i;k vkSj xksnke Hkh ugha gSaA
ea=h egksn; dks ekywe gS fd mldh LVsV eas tgka 'kqxjdsu iSnk
gksrk gS] vkt ls xsgwa ogka 20&22 :i;k eu ds fglkc ls fcd jgk
gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 26 vxLr] 1958] i`"B
3011
35- fMek.M QkWj lIyhesaVjh xzkUV ij cksyrs gq, iatkc ds

fdlkuksa dh dikl u [kjhnus ij mUgksaus nq%[k Hkjh vkokt esa
dgk %
^^blds vfrfjDr eq>s vejhdk ls tks dikl [kjhnh xbZ gS]

mlds ckjs esa Hkh dqN fuosnu djuk gSA vkidks ;kn gksxk fd fiNys
lS'ku ds vkf[kjh fnu iatkc ds lnL;ksa dh rjQ ls dikl ds
[kjhnus ds laca/k esa igys dkQh loky gq,A** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh
yksdlHkk 1957&62] 15 fnlEcj] 1958] i`"B 5040
blh cgl esa vkxs pydj vkius iatkc ds fdlkuksa dh etcwjh

dh vksj /;ku fnykrs gq, dgk Fkk fd mudh dikl dks ljdkj
mfpr ewY; ij ugha mBk jgh gS vkSj fdlku ?kkVs esa tk jgk gSA
;g ckr fdlkuksa ds gd esa ugha gS] u gh ns'k ds gd esa gSA D;ksafd
tks fdlku dikl mxkrk gS] og ?kkVs esa jgsxk rks ns'k Hkh ?kkVs esa
jgs xkA
fnlEcj] 1958 esa vkius iz'udky esa iz'u iwNrs gq, jsyos
lkbZfMax ds fo"k; esa eqn~nk mBk;k Fkk fd lejxksikyiqj LVs'ku ij
bl LFkku ds utnhdh xko ds fdlkuksa dks xUuk fey jksgrd ds
fy, xUuk Hkstus esa lgwfy;r gks ldrh FkhA D;ksafd yk[kksa Vu
xUuk jksgrd 'kqxj fey dks lIykbZ gksrk gSA ;|fi bldk izksfotu
1958&59 ds jsyos ds oDlZ izksxzke esa ns fn;k x;k FkkA ysfdu]
lkbZfMax vHkh rd ugha cuk;k x;k FkkA
36- Qjojh] 1959 esa vkius iapk;rhjkt ds fo"k; esa fpark

O;Dr dhA bl pquko ds ckn xko esa fQtk [kjkc gks tkrh gSA ;g
ckr ugha gS fd pkS/kjh lkfgc iapk;rksa ds pquko ds fo:) FksA
ysfdu] bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd ;fn iapk;rh pquko gksrs
gSa rks fQtk FkksM+h cgqr [kjkc gksrh gS vkSj ;fn iapk;rh pquko ugha
gksrs rks fQtk ges'kk gh [kjkc jgrh gSA tSls fd fnYyh ds nsgkr
ds lkFk gks jgh gSA
fnYyh iapk;rhjkt la'kks/ku fcy ij cgl djrs gq, pkS/kjh
lkfgc us vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl ds ukxiqj lS'ku 1951 dk ft
fd;k vkSj crk;k fd ogka ij izLrko ikl fd;k x;k gS fd iapk;rksa
dks etcwr cuk;k tk,A gekjk dguk gS fd lkjs ns'k ds vUnj
iapk;rsa cusa vkSj vPNs <+ax ls dke djsaA mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd %
^êsjs yk;d nksLr us vHkh crk;k fd iapk;rksa esa dqN [kjkfc;ka

vk tkrh gSa vkSj dbZ nQk muds ckjs esa yksxksa dh ,d jk; leku
gks tkrh gS fd iapk;rksa ds vUnj U;k; vPNk ugha feyrkA eSa
mudks crkuk pkgrk gw fd bldks fdlh dh csbTtrh ugha ekuk
38 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
tk;s fd nsgkrh vkneh tks QSlys cM+h&cM+h vnkyrksa ls gksrs gSa]

muls dksbZ cgqr T;knk [kq'k ugha gSaA
cgqr T;knk mudks rlYyh gS fd ogka tks QSlys gksrs gSa] os
lgh gh gksrs gSaA gks ldrk gS fd dkuwuh rkSjij os 'kk;n lgh gksaA
ysfdu] tc nsgkr ds vUnj tkdj ns[kk tkrk gS rks tks nsgkr esa
jgus okys lkFkh gSa] og odhyksa dh cgl ds ckn gq, QSlyksa dks
vPNk ugha] cfYd [kjkc ekurs gSaA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 11 Qjojh] 1959] i`"B 426&27
blfy, fnYyh nsgkr esa bruh tYnh iapk;rhjkt dk;e gks

tk,] mruk gh vPNk gSA blh fo"k; ds vUrxZr cksyrs gq, vkius
dgk Fkk fd %
^^tks Hkwfeghu xzkeh.k HkkbZ clrs gSa] mudks vukt fdlh Hkko
Hkh ugha feyrk gSA rks ea=h egksn; dgrs gSa fd nsgkr ds dk'rdkjksa
ds ikl] cM+s&cM+s dk'rdkjksa vkSj tehankjksa ds ikl dkQh vukt
gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 11 Qjojh] 1959] i`"B 428
mUgksaus vkxs pydj ;g Li"V dj fn;k fd ;g vukt
Hkwfeghuksa dks pkfg,A vkius dgk fd nsgkr esa [ksr etnwjksa dks xsgwa
ugha feyrk vkSj ftu yksxksa dh cgqr FkksM+h vkenuh gS] mudks lLrk
xsgwa nsus ds fy, dksbZ bartke ugha fd;k x;k gSA
37- Hkkjrh; thou chek fuxe ds eks'ku ij cksyrss gq, vkius

lcls igys d`f"k chek ;kstuk dh vksj /;ku fnykrs gq, dgk Fkk %
^^-----bl ns'k esa 80 Qhlnh fdlku clrs gSa vkSj mudh kWi
ba'kksjasl djkus ds okLrs gky gh esa ,d cgqr yack pkSM+k chek

vk;kstu ekStwn gSA ysfdu] bl fn'kk dh vksj dksbZ lf; dksf'k'k
vFkok dne ugha mBk;k x;k gSA eSa pkgwaxk fd gekjs fokea=h
egksn;] tksfd ,d cgqr etcwr balku gSa] bl leL;k dh vksj
/;ku nsaxsA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 6 vxLr]
1959] i`"B 1060
38- nsgkr esa mfpr etnwjh ds fo"k; esa fnlEcj] 1959 eas
feuhee osftt la'kks/ku fcy ij cgl ds nkSjku vkius dgk Fkk%
^^vxj ljdkj dk dksbZ fgLlk vius etnwjksa dks mfpr etnwjh ugha
nsrk rks og vPNh ckr ugha gS] tcfd ge [ksrh dk dke djus okys
rcds dks mfpr etnwjh nsrs gSaA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk
1957&62] 11 fnlEcj] 1959] i`"B 4738
39- boksY;w'ku vkWQ ,xzhdYpj fjlpZ izksxzke ds lUnHkZ esa ekpZ]

1960 esa vkius bl fo"k; ij vius fopkj cgqr xgjkbZ ls j[ks FksA
vkius /;ku fnyk;k Fkk fd ,xzhdYpj fjlpZ ij ftruk :i;k [kpZ
gksrk gS] mruk ykHk fdlkuksa dks ugha feyrkA D;ksafd og lc ckrsa
fdlku rd ugha igqap ikrh gSaA cM+s nq%[k Hkjs 'kCnksa esa lnu dk
/;ku bl vksj fnyk;k fd d`f"k ds fo"k; esa tks fo}ku gSa] mudha
lsok,a rks izkIr ugha dh tk jgh gSaA lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk
1957&62] 11 ekpZ] 1960] i`"B 5532
40- izksMD'ku fMLVhC;w'ku ,.M ,DliksVZ vkWQ 'kwxj ls

lacaf/kr cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, fnlEcj] 1960 esa vkius viuh ckr
bl rjg ls dgh Fkh %
^^;g loky ns'k ds lkeus esjs [;ky ls pkSFkh nQk vk;k gS

vkSj blls igys ns'k dks rhu&pkj nQk crk;k x;k fd gekjs ns'k
40 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
esa phuh dh iSnkokj t:jr ls T;knk gSA bl fo"k; eas ns'k ds ckgj
phuh Hkstus dk ft Hkh fd;k x;kA ns'k ds ckgj phuh ugha xbZA
tgka rd phuh ds T;knk gksus dk rkYyqd Fkk] fiNyk bfrgkl ;g
dgrk gS fd irk ugha fd fdl rjhds ls phuh ds O;kikfj;ksa us ;k
cM+s&cM+s fey ekfydksa us bl ft ds QkSju ckn phuh dk Hkko c<k
fn;k vkSj fQj phuh dh lkVsZt deh dk ukjk bruh tksj ls yxk
fn;k] ftruk igys dHkh ugha yxk FkkA blfy, Hkxoku bu lcdk
Hkyk djsA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 7 fnlEcj]
1960] i`"B 4443
41- uhps fn, x, lnu esa muds Hkk"k.k ds m)j.k ls Li"V

gks tkrk gS fd xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk ij pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dh xgjh
idM+ Fkh vkSj os tkurs Fks fd fdl rjg ls xzkeh.k {ks= dh iSnkokj
ls /ku [khapk tkrk gSA mldk ns'k rFkk nsgkr ds fy, D;k ifj.kke
gksus okyk gSA bl felky ls ;g HkyhHkkafr mtkxj gksrk gS fd
vktknh ds ckn ;g ,d ,slk rjhdk Fkk ftlds tfj;s f"k
vFkZO;oLFkk [kks[kyh gksrh pyh xbZ vkSj ;wa izkIr /ku ls iwath ds
curs 'kgjksa vFkok iwath vk/kkfjr dkj[kkusnkjh <kaps dks ;gka etcwr
fd;k x;k gSA fMek.M Qksj xzkUVl fo"k; ij cgl ds nkSjku
pkS/kjh lkfgc us cgqr ls vkadM+s is'k djrs gq, fu"d"kZ is'k fd;kA
vkt vkaa[kkas ds lkeus ;g lc lp gksrk fn[k jgk gSA mudk dguk
Fkk fd %
^^,d rjQ rks ns[kk tk,] dk'rdkj tks iSnk djrk gS] mldk
Hkko rks ?kVk gS vkSj ftu phtksa dks dk'rdkj bLrseky djrk gS]
mudk Hkko c<+k gSA bl rjhds ls ;fn dksbZ ?kkVs esa jgk gS rks og
fgUnqLrku dh lkj Qhlnh xzkeh.k vkcknh ?kkVs esa jgh gSA bruk
gh ugha fiNys ikap&nl o"kksZa ds vUnj ns'k esa tks dke gqvk gS vkSj
mlls vkxs Hkh ns[kk tk, rks ;gh lkfcr gksxkA** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 19 viSzy] 1961] i`"B 12430
42- vukt ds Hk.Mkj.k dh dfBukbZ xsgwa ds fy, os;j

gkflax dkjiksjs'ku veSaMesaV fcy] 1976 ij fopkj foe'kZ djrs
le; jkT;lHkk esa bl dfBukbZ dh vksj /;ku fnykus dh dksf'k'k
dh Fkh fd fdlku iSnkokj rks dj nsrk gS] ysfdu dbZ ckj mldks
vukt Hk.Mkj.k dh O;oLFkk ugha gksrhA blh le; vkyw ds ckjs esa
vkius dgk Fkk fd]
^^vki tkurs gSa fd fiNys lky vkyw ns'k ds vUnj T;knk iSnk
gqvk] vkyqvksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, LFkku de FkkA blfy,
vkyw ds Hkko brus Hkh ugha jgs fd yksx mldks [ksr ls [kksndj
cktkj esa ys tk,aA** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 15 ekpZ]
1976] i`"B 92
dguk u gksxk fd bDdhloha 'krkCnh ds nwljs n'kd esa Hkh

vukt Hk.Mkj.k dh leL;k T;ksa dh R;ksa cuh gqbZ gSA blfy,
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dh nwjnf'kZrk dh nkn nsuh iM+sxhA
43- mu fnuksa vukt Hk.Mkj.k ds LFkkuksa dh vko';drk ij
tksj fn;k tk jgk FkkA blh flyflys esa tkS dh dher dh ckcr
Hkh loky mBk;k vkSj xsgw vkSj pus ds Hk.Mkj.k dh leL;k ij
/;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA vkius pus ds ckjs esa dgk Fkk fd %
^^blh rjg ls tks puk gS] mldk Hkh [kjhnus okyk gksxk ;k
ughaA fiNys lky puk 250 :i;s izfr fDoaVy Fkk vkSj bl lky
pus dh Qly rS;kj gS vkSj og cgqr vPNh gSA eSaus lquk gS fd
nwljs ns'kksa esa] [kkl rkSj ij vjc eqYdksa esa pus dh nky dh dkQh
42 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ekax gSA vxj bl nky dks le; ij Hkstus dk bartke gks lds rks
mlds fy, ljdkj dks vius LVksjksa esa j[kus dk izca/k djuk gksxkA
blds fy, Hk.Mkj.k dh vko';drk gksxhA* lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk
1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 15 ekpZ] 1976] i`"B 92&93
blh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius vkxs pydj dgk Fkk fd
^^fdlkuksa dks bl ckr dk fo'okl fnykb;s fd mlds
vukt dks Hk.Mkj.kksa esa lqjf{kr j[kk tk;sxk] D;ksafd mUgksaus [kwu
ilhuk ,d djds vkSj esgur djds vukt iSnk fd;k gSA---pkgs og
vukt tkS] xsgwa] puk ;k ljlksa gksA fdlku tks Hkh vukt iSnk
djrk gS] gekjk dkZO; gks tkrk gS fd ml vukt dks Bhd Hkko
[kjhnsA** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 15 ekpZ] 1976] i`"B
94
44- vius bl m)j.k esa os [ksrh dks fupksM+us okys dke dks
iwathoknh lksp ds lkFk tksM+ dj is'k djrs gSaA ;g mudh iSuh
fuxkg dks tkfgj djrk gSA vkius lnu dk /;ku vkdf"kZr djrs
le; ;kn fnyk;k Fkk fd iwathoknh lksp dks cnyuk gksxkA
lektoknh <+kaps dks cuk, j[kuk gksxkA ;g iwathoknh lksp dk
urhtk gS fd gekjs ns'k ds vUnj [ksrh esa tks phtsa iSnk gksrh gSa]
tSls xsgwa ;k nwljh phtsa] muds Hkko fxjs gSaA ysfdu] ftu phtksa dk
laca/k ljdkjh foHkkxksa ls gS] mudh dher p<+h gSA ,sls rjhdksa ls
gh [ksrh ?kkVs dk /ka/kk cu x;k gSA vkius dgk Fkk fd %
^^gekjs ns'k ds vUnj lcls cM+k /ka/kk [ksrh gS vkSj ml [ksrh

ds vUnj ftu buiqV dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] mudh dhersa c<+h
gSaA blds foijhr [ksrh esa tks phtsa iSnk gksrh gSa] mudh dhersa ?kVh
gSaA ,sls gkykr esa ;g dkSu lh lektoknh lksp gSa blds ckjs esa
xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djus dh t:jr gSA VSDVjksa dh dhersa c<+ha]

Mhty dh dher c<+h] fctyh dh dher c<+h gS vkSj blh rjg ls
nwljh phtksa dh dhersa Hkh c<+h gSaA bu phtksa dk laca/k ljdkjh
foHkkxksa ls gSA** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 26 ebZ] 1976]
i`"B 191
45- 22 twu] 1977 dks jkT;lHkk dh jtr t;afr FkhA bl

volj ij ctV tujy ij cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius fQj ls
vukt Hk.Mkj.k ds fy, xqgkj yxkbZ Fkh vkSj dgk Fkk fd %
^îgys lky vkSj dbZ ckj 1200 djksM+ :i;s dk vukt ckgj
ls eaxk;k tkrk FkkA de ls de Hkxoku ds fy, bl vukt dks
pwgksa dks er f[kykb;sA dhM+s&edkSM+ksa ls bls u"V gksus ls cpkbZ;sA
250&300 djksM+ :i;k] tks ,QlhvkbZ C;kt dh dher esa nsxk rks
;fn ogh iSlk ge fdlkuksa dks ns nsrs rks fdlku rjDdh dj ldrs
FksA** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 22 twu] 1977] i`"B 202
46- jkT;lHkk esa ebZ] 1972 dks vkius d`f"k mit ds c< tkus
ls ns'k dks vukt esa vkRefuHkZj cuk dj vius xkSjo o lEeku dh
xkjaVh ds egRo dks js[kkafdr fd;kA mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd]
^^xsgw ge nsrs gSa] mudk fiNys rhu lky dk QdZ ns[ksa rks
mldh dher ls irk py tk,xkA milHkkifr th] vktdy d`f"k
ea=ky; ij vkSj Vhdk fVIi.kh gksrh gSA bl ns'k ds vUnj 530
djksM+ :i;s dk vukt ckgj ls vkrk Fkk] bEiksVZ gksrk FkkA og
bEiksVZ vkxs ugha djuk iM+sxkA blfy, ge vesfjdk dks vka[k fn[kk
ldsaA** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 12ebZ] 1972] i`"B 137
44 \ vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
47- gfj;k.kk dks vf/kd rOotks nsus dh odkyr djrs gq, d`f"k
iSnkokj ds fo"k; esa vkius dgk Fkk fd %
^^;g ns'k lcdk gSA dsoy gfj;k.kk okyksa dk ugha gSA bl

gfj;k.kk esa T;knk vukt iSnk djrs gSa rks mldks gfj;k.kk okys gh
ugha [kk,axsA og ns'k ds fy, cspsaxsA blfy, ;gka tks T;knk iSnk
dj ldrk gS vkSj de [kpZ ij iSnk dj ldrk gSA mldk /;ku
j[kuk pkfg,A [kkl rkSjij tc ge ;kstuk cukrs gSaA** lalnh;
cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 23 Qjojh] 1973] i`"B 185
48- ,izksfiz;'ku fcy] 1973 ij cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, dgk Fkk
fd vkius xsgwa ds Hkko Bhd eqdjZj ugha fd,A ,slk ekuk tkrk FkkA
mUgksaus crk;k Fkk fd ge gh ugha ,DliVZ dg jgs gSa] cfYd d`f"k
fo|ky; ds fo'ks"kK Hkh dg jgs gSaA mUgksaus tksj nsdj dgk Fkk
fd %
^^^tc ^fdlku dh iSnkokj dk Hkko eqdjZj gqvk vkSj tc

fdlku igys vukt iSnk djds xkM+h esa Hkjdj ys tkrk gS rc
fdlku dks vygnk cSBk fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj fQj mlds vukt dh
cksyh gksrh Fkh] uhykeh gksrh Fkh vkSj og eqnsZ vkneh dk lk Hkko
gksrk Fkk] mldh dksbZ fgEer ugha Fkh vkSj O;kikjh nwj cSBs&cSBs
pqids ls gFksyh nckdj Hkko eqdjZj djrk FkkA** lalnh; cgl
jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 2ebZ] 1973] i`"B 249
49- tc d`f"k mRiknu ds fy, liksVZ izkbZl eqdjZj gqbZ rks

vkius mlh flyflys esa crk;k Fkk fd %
^^fgUnwLrku dh iz/kkuea=h us vkSj fgUnqLrku dh ljdkj us

igyh nQk fgUnqLrku ds bfrgkl ds vUnj fdlku tks iSnkokjh
djrk gS] mldh ljdkjh rkSjij dher eqdjZj djus dk QSlyk
fd;k gS vkSj bl dher ds ij ljdkj [kqn gh [kjhnsxhA**
lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 12ebZ] 1972] i`"B 137
50- Qkbukal fcy ij cgl ds nkSjku 1929 o 1930 dk ft

djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd %
^^1929 vkSj 1930 esa tc iSls dk izlkj ugha Fkk] izlkj de Fkk]
ml le; ,d :i;s esa 16 lsj xsgwa feyrk FkkA lok lsj ?kh feyrk
FkkA ysfdu] ml oDr ns'k esa nsgkr dk vkneh viuh Hkwfe dk dj
nsus ds fy, tehu dks NksM+rk FkkA** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk
1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 8 ebZ] 1974] i`"B 296
51- o"kZ 1974 esa fjvIokaVeSaV vkWQ n desVh Vw ltsLV

jhesfM;y Vw pSd buQyDl vkWQ :jy ikWiqys'ku Vw vcZu ,sfj;k]
bl fo"k; ij cgl djrs gq, pkS/kjh lkgc us fpark trkbZ Fkh fd
xko dk vkneh 'kgjksa esa tkdj cl jgk gSA D;ksafd nsgkr dh
rjDdh Bhd <+ax ls ugha gks jgh gSA ftruk iSlk [ksrh ls feyrk
gS] mlh fglkc ls [kpZ ugha gksrkA mUgksaus dgk %
^^ns'k esa 70 Qhlnh yksx [ksrh ds dke ij yxs gSaA [ksrh dh

dqy iSnkokj fQj Hkh ns'k dh vk; dk 48 izfr'kr gS vkSj ljdkj
us [ksrh dh rjDdh ds fy, [kpZ fd;k 15 izfr'krA blls cM+k
vU;k; vkSj D;k gks ldrk gSA og tekuk fudy x;k] tc
nLr[kr djus ls vesfjdk ls vukt fey tkrk FkkA vc rks 290
46 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
:i;s izfr fDoaVy ls feysxk vkSj og Hkh nLr[krksa ls ughaA

fgUnqLrku dk lkeku ckgj cspdj feysxkA** jkT;lHkk 1972&78 esa
Hkk"k.k] Hkkx&,d] 8 ebZ] 1974] i`"B 297
52- 26 uoEcj] 1974] :y 176 ds varxZr fMLdlu esa Hkkx

ysrs gq, xsgwa rFkk vuktksa dh iSnkokj ds de gksus ds lUnHkZ esa vkius
dgk Fkk]
^^gekjs ns'k ds vUnj tehu ds uhps dgha Hkh ikuh gS rks og

mkj izns'k esa gS] fcgkj esa gS] caxky esa gS vkSj vle esa gSA og ns'k
dks T;knk vukt iSnk djds ns ldrs gSaA bl ns'k ds vUnj ;fn
mkj izns'k esa vkSj fcgkj dh tehuksa ds uhps Hkh ikuh gS vkSj ehBk
ikuh gS] tks ckgj fudkydj iz;ksx esa yk;k tk, rks dke;kc gks
ldrk gSA bl ns'k ds vUnj vukt dh deh ugha jgsxha** lalnh;
cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 26 uoEcj] 1974] i`"B 226
30- ns'k dks LokyEcu cukus ij viuk utfj;k is'k djrs gq,
vkius dgk Fkk fd]^êSa tkurk gw fd ;g gekjs ns'k ds fy, dksbZ
bTtr dh ckr ugha gS fd ge fons'kksa ls vukt eaxok,a] tcfd
gekjk ns'k d`f"k iz/kku ns'k gSaA ge ckgj ls og phtsa eaxok,a vkSj
ge vius [ksrksa esa iSnk ugha dj ldrs gSaA gesa vius ns'k dks gj
pht esa Lokoyach cukuk pkfg,A** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78]
Hkkx&,d] 26 uoEcj] 1974] i`"B 230&31
53- fiNyh 'krkCnh ds lkrosa n'kd esa xsgwa dh fjdkM+Z rksM+

iSnkokj gqbZ FkhA lnu esa lkekU; ctV ij cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq,
pkS/kjh lkgc us dgk Fkk fd]
^^gekjs ns'k ds vUnj fdlkuksa us dqN o"kksZa igys xsgwa bruk iSnk
fd;k fd xsgwa dksbZ [kjhn gh ugha jgk FkkA ljdkj dks xsgwa dh
[kjhnkjh esa benkn djuh iM+hA** lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78]
Hkkx&,d] 18 ekpZ] 1975] i`"B 272
54- jkT;lHkk esa] o"kZ 1976] 26 ekpZ ds fnu jsT;ksyw'ku]

fjxkfMZax QkewZys'ku vkWQ , Ldhe ckbZ xoZuesaV Vw ba';ksj ,
jseksjsusfVo izkbZl Vw xzksojlZ vkWQ bZp ,xzhdYpjy deksfMVh d`f"k
mRikn ds fy, mfpr ewY; fu/kkZj.k djus gsrw fo"k; ij cgl esa
Hkkx esa ysrs gq, vkius ft fd;k Fkk] ^
^d`f"k ea=ky; dks pkfg, fd og ns[ks fd tks iSnkokj djrs gSa]

mudh iSnkokj dk Bhd Hkko gksA ,d le; Fkk] tc [ksrh ,d
O;olk; ugha FkkA ns'k ds vUnj jgus dk ,d rjhdk FkkA vkt ns'k
ds vUnj gj fdlh dks vf/kdkj gS fd mlls csxkj ugha yh tk
ldrh rks fdlku ls Hkh csxkj ugha yh tk ldrhA** lalnh; cgl
jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 26 uoEcj] 1976] i`"B 92
55- pkS/kjh lkgc us blh flyflys esa cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq,
vkxs pydj dgk Fkk fd]
^êSa ;g dgwaxk fd ljdkj us fdlkuksa dh dkQh lgk;rk dh]

d`f"k iSnkokj c<+kus ds fy, fdlkuksa dh enn dhA mlds lkFk&lkFk
tc rd fdlku tks dqN iSnk djrk gS] mldh fch dh iwjh
O;oLFkk vkSj bartke ljdkj ugha djrh] rc rd ns'k dk m)kj
48 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ugha gks ldrkA vkius ns[kk fd fiNys lky vkyw cktkj esa fc[kjk
iM+k FkkA [ksr ls fdlku us vkyw fudkyk ughaA vkt tkS vkSj pus
dks dksbZ iwNrk ugha vkSj bl ns'k ds vUnj Hkxoku dh dqn`f"V gks
tk, rks ml ij fdlku dk dksbZ o'k ugha jgrkA blds dkj.k gh
ns'k dks ,d lky esa nl feyh;u Vu vukt ckgj ls eaxkuk iM+k
Fkk vkSj fiNys lky Hkh lkr feyh;u Vu ls T;knk vukt ckgj
ls vk;k FkkA ge pkgrs gSa fd vukt ns'k esa ckgj ls u vk,A vkt
dh ckr nwljh gS vkSj fdlku us bl ns'k dks bl yk;d cuk fn;k
gS fd ge vukt vius ns'k ds ckgj Hkh Hkst ldsaA** lalnh; cgl
jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 26 uoEcj] 1976] i`"B 93
56- [ksr etnwj 'kgj esa jgus okys etnwjksa ds eqdkcys esa xjhc
gSaA D;ksafd oks nsgkr esa jgrs gSa vkSj mudks 'kgj ds eqdkcys esa de
etnwjh feyrh gSA mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd %
^^bl rjg ls gekjs ns'k esa fdlkuksa dh [ksr etnwjksa dh vkSj

nsgkr dh nqnZ'kk gSA mudh xjhch de gksus dh txg c<+rh fn[kkbZ
nsrh gSA ,slh voLFkk esa ges ,sls dk;Z gkFk esa ysus pkfg,] ftlls
fd fdlkuksa dks enn fey ldsA [kkn ds lkFk lkFk tks vkSj
lk/ku fdlkuksa dks [ksrh ds fy, pkfg,a] tSls vPNs cht Qlyksa esa
gksus okyh fcekfj;ksa ij fNM+dus ds fy, nokbZ;ka] fctyh] iEi] rsy
vkStkj fdlkuksa dks nsgkr esa lgwfy;r gksA fdlku tks pht iSnk
djrk gS] mldk mfpr nke ugha feyk rks mudk 'kks"k.k gksrk gSA**
lalnh; cgl jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 14 ekpZ] 1974] i`"B 115
57- tqykbZ] 1968 esa gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa fMek.M Qksj xzkUV
ds ij cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius fdlkuksa vkSj d`f"k mit ds
ckjs esa dgk Fkk fd]
^^lHkkifr egksn;] eq>s ;g dgrs gq, cgqr nq%[k gks jgk gS fd

gekjh ljdkj fdlkuksa dks iwjh lgwfy;r ugha ns jgh gSA vxj
ljdkj iwjh lgwfy;r ns rks iSnkokj c<+ ldrh gSA ;g vki lc
dke djsa fd Hkkoksa ds de gksus ls gekjh ljdkj cgqr cM+k fgLlk
rks xouZj jkt dk mlesa ekurh gSA ,d tekuk Fkk] tc iatkc izns'k
ls gfj;k.kk dh eafM;ksa esa vkdj iatkc dk vukt fcdrk FkkA
ysfdu] bl lky gfj;k.kk dk vukt iatkc dh eafM;ksa esa tkdj
fcdk gSA ljdkj us 75 :i;s fDoaVy xsgwa dk Hkko eqdjZj fd;k vkSj
;gka ij 65 vkSj 67 :i;s fDoaVy ds fglkc ls fcdk rks vki
vUnktk yxk,a fd gfj;k.kk ds fdlkuksa dks fdrus djksM+ksa dk ?kkVk
gqvk\ tgka dsUnzh; iz'kklu us fdlkuksa ds xsgwa ds Hkko eqdjZj djds
,d rjQ muds fnyksa dks thrus ds fy, dne mBk;k FkkA gekjs
izns'k esa ljdkj xsgwa dk Hkko iwjk ugha fnyk ldh vkSj fdlkuksa dks
ijs'kku fd;k x;kA**
mUgksuas blh ppkZ esa vkxs pydj Hkz"Vkpkj feVkus dh ckr Hkh
dgh vkSj dgk Fkk fd %
^^xka/kh th us dgk Fkk fd og jkt vPNk gksrk gS] tks de ls

de------Hkz"Vkpkj dks nwj djus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA ;g cM+s nq%[k
dh ckr gS fd gekjs izns'k esa vkSj iM+kSlh iatkc izns'k ds Hkko esa 7&8
:i;s fDoaVy QdZ jgkA blls rks fdlkuksa dks izksRlkgu ugha
feyrkA mlls rks mlds fny dks Bsl igqaprh gSA gesa fdlku dks
lgk;rk nsuh gksxhA** gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 24 tqykbZ] 1968] i`"B 7 36
58- lIyhesaVjh fMek.M xzkUV ds fo"k; esa cgl esa Hkkx yssrs gq,
lnu dk /;ku iatkc dh 32 yk[k ,dM+ Hkwfe] tks ck<+ ls [kjkc gks
50 \ vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
xbZ Fkh] dh vksj fnyk;kA mldks Bhd djus ds fy, iatkc ljdkj
dks iSlk nsus dh odkyr dh] ftlls ogka ugjh ikuh dh [ksrh gks
lds vkSj lq>k;k fd ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks %
^^;gka ij 172 yk[k eu QwM xszu iSnk gksrk gS 25 yk[k eu

phuh vkSj 20 yk[k eu dikl iSnk gksrh gSA vki rhuksa phtsa ckgj
ls eaxok jgs gSaA----vxj ge pkgrs gSa fd fgUnqLrku esa ckgj ls
vukt vkuk can gks vkSj yacs js'ks dh dikl vkuk can gks vkSj ns'k
esa rjDdh gks lds vkSj ftl :i;s esa ge vukt vkSj dikl eaxkrs
gSa mlls ge e'khusa eaxk ldsa rks fugk;r t:jh gS fd iatkc dks
yM daVsky cksMZ us ftrus :i;s ekaxs gSa muds fy;s iwjk :i;k
nwljs ikp lkyk Iyku esa ns fn;k tk;sA mldks ?kVkus dh dksbZ otg
ugha gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 23 Qjojh] 1959]
i`"B 2493
pkS/kjh lkgc us laln dks psrk;k Fkk fd %
^^vki djksM+ksa :i;s dk vukt ckgj ls eaxkrs jgs gSaA nwljksa

ds vkxs >ksyh ilkj jgs gSaA D;k blls vPNk ;g ugha gksxk fd
vki lwcksa dks cxSj lwn ds dtkZ nsa vkSj vxj vkius cxSj lwn ds
dtZ 10&15 lky rd fn;k rks vkidks crykuk pkgrk gw fd
vkidks nwljksa ds vkxs >ksyh ilkjuh ugha iMs+xhA nqfu;k ds lkeus
fHk[kkjh ugha cus jgsaxs vkSj ;fn vkius ,slk ugha fd;k rks vkidks
fHk[kkjh gh jguk gksxkA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 23
Qjojh] 1959] i`"B 2497
Hkw
fe vf/kxzg. k
ifjp;
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag Lo;a ,d lkekU; fdUrq bykds ds
izfrf"Br fdlku ds ?kj iSnk gq, FksA mudks tehu dh vgfe;r dk
c[kwch Kku FkkA blfy,] fdlkuksa dh d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe ds vf/kxzg.k
ij izk;% lf; jgrs FksA ;wa rks Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k dk bfrgkl cgqr
iqjkuk gS vkSj ;g dkuwu Hkh 19oha 'krkCnh ls ykxw gSA fQj Hkh] ;g
ekuus okyh ckr gS fd lkoZtfud o lkewfgd dk;ksZa ds fy, tSls
lM+d] ugj] jsyos ykbZu rFkk ljdkjh Hkouksa ds fy, Hkwfe dh
vko';drk iM+rh gS vkSj fdlku dh Hkwfe dk lkoZtfud dk;Z ds
fy, vf/kxzg.k gksrk vk;k gSaA
;gka fczfV'k gqdwer dss iSj teus ls igys rd tehu ij
lkekU;r% xkao lekt dh eyfd;r dk fjokt FkkA [ksfrgj
ifjokjksa dks iz;ksx dk gd jgk FkkA fQj] dqN yksx nwljs is'kksa esa
yxus ls ;k vU; dkj.k ls cstehu gq,A ,slh gkyr esa] vaxzst
ljek;snkjksa ds vkus ij vius pk; ds ckxku vkfn ds fy, tehu
[kjhnuk dfBu gks x;k rks tehu ij futh ekfydkus dk gd
cuk;k x;k ftlls vaxzstksa dks nks ykHk gq,% igyk] fonsf'k;ksa dks
tehu dk [kjhnuk vFkok vf/kxzg.k djuk lEHko gks x;kA nwljs
Hkkjr esa tehu ds ekfydksa esa ,slk /kuh rcdk iSnk dj fn;k x;k
tks ljdkjijLr cu dj vius gh yksxksa ij fons'kh 'kklu dk
52 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
vkSt+kj cu x;kA bldk nwjxkeh izHkko gqvkA fczfV'kklu dks yEcs

le; rd jkt djus dk volj fey x;k vkSj vktknh dh yM+kbZ
esa Hkh xzkeh.k vkapy dk ;g rcdk jksM+k cuk jgkA
lkFk gh tehu ij ljdkj ds izkFkfed gd dk fl)kUr ?kM+
fy;k x;k ftls fizafliy vkWQ ,ehuSUV Mksesu ds uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA tehu vf/kxzg.k dh iwjh lksp blh fl)kUr ij fVdh gSA
blh ds rgr ljdkj ,d fnu tehu dh gdnkj cuh FkhA tehu
xko lekt dh eyfd;r u gksdj fczfV'k ljdkj dh eyfd;r
eku yh xbZ!
;g nwljh ckr gS fd Lora=rk izkfIr ls iwoZ fczfV'k ljdkj
csjgeh ls mitk Hkwfe dk vf/kxzg.k dj ysrh FkhA D;ksafd mudk
Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa ls ysuknsuk ugha FkkA tc pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
fnYyh esa i<+rs Fks] mUgha fnuksa ubZ fnYyh clkbZ tk jgh FkhA mlh
le; mUgksaus fdlkuksa dh mitk Hkwfe dk vf/kxzg.k gksrs ns[kk
rFkk fdlkuksa dh dfBukbZ;ksa dks le>k vkSj mlds fo"k; esa
tkudkjh gkfly dhA vkidks ekSdk feyrs gh izFke ysftLysfVo
vlsEcyh esa ;g loky cM+s tksj 'kksj ls mBk;k vkSj fuMjrk ls
psrkouh ns nh Fkh fd fdlkuksa dks er feVkvksA cgqr lh gqdwer
vkbZ] nsgkrksa dks m[kkM+ ugha ldhA viuh rgthc vkSj ren~nqu dss
cy ij og vkt rd ftank gSA
mlwyu] pkS/kjh lkgc lkoZtfud dke ds fy, Hkwfe
vf/kxzg.k ds fo:) ugha FksA vktknh ds ckn lkoZtfud dkeksa dk
tky fcNkA mlds fy, tehu dh t:jr FkhA ysfdu] os bl ckr
ij tksj fn;k djrs Fks fd fdlku dk is'kk er NhuksaA fdlkuksa dks
mlh dher dh Hkwfe ns nksA dsoy eqvkotk nsdj viuk iYyk er
Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k / 53
>kM+ksA mudh le> Fkh fd ,d osyQs;j LVsV gksus ds ukrs yksxksa

dh cgcwnh ls ljdkj dks iwjk ljksdkj j[kuk pkfg,A
tks gks] vaxzstksa ds tekus ls tehu vf/kxzg.k dk elyk
laosnu'khy jgk gSA os fons'kh FksA mUgsa vius fgr lk/kus ls eryc
FkkA yksxksa dh lqusa] u lqusaA ysfdu] vktkn ns'k esa yksxksa dh t:jrksa
ds izfr laosnu'khy gksuk ljdkjksa ds fy, vko';d gSA bl igyw
dks pkS/kjh lkfgc us vkjfEHkd dky esa gh tksj nsdj mBk;kA ;g
mudh nwjxkeh lksp dk izek.k gSA ;g loky vkt Hkh laosnu'khy
cuk gqvk gSA ,sls loky ij muds fopkj lkef;d gSaA
vkius lHkh lnuksa esa vafre le; rd bl ckr dks ugha NksM+k
vkSj Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ds fo"k; esa viuh ckr dgrs jgs] pkgs mldk
dksbZ fo'ks"k vlj ugha gqvkA---vrar% Hkkjr ljdkj dh Hkwfe
vf/kxzg.k ds fo"k; esa fpark c<+h rFkk gfj;k.kk dh Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k
dh ikWfylh tksfd lkjs Hkkjro"kZ esa ljkgh tk jgh gS] og Hkh cuh]
D;ksafd bl izdkj ds Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ls fdlku cslgkjk ugha jg
tkrkA
,d ckr Li"V gS fd vkjfEHkd nkSj esa lHkh lnuksa ds Lrj ij
pkS/kjh lkfgc }kjk j[ks x, lq>koksa ij ljdkjsa /;ku nsrha rks ekeyk
bruk tfVy ugha curkA
vxys iUuksa esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag }kjk bl vfr laosnu'khy
elys ij fofHkUu lnuksa esa j[ks x, fopkjksa ds egRoiw.kZ va'k ikBdksa
dh tkudkjh ds fy, izLrqr gSaA
54 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
Hkw
fe vf/kxz
g. k
;wa rks Hkkjro"kZ esa lkoZtfud mn~ns'; ds fy, Hkwfe
vf/kxzg.k dk bfrgkl lu~ 1824 ls izkjaHk gksrk gSA caxky esa
jsX;wys'ku ,DV ua- 1 ykxw gqvk FkkA o"kZ 1839 ds fcfYMax ,DV&XXVIII
ds uke ls eqEcbZ esa ykxw fd;k x;kA bu mijksDr nskuksa fo/ks;dksa dks
lu~ 1850 eas la'kksf/kr dj fn;k x;k FkkA
igyh ckj bZLV bafM;k daiuh dh ljdkj }kjk vius v/khu
Hkkjro"kZ esa ,DV ua- VI, 1857 ikfjr djds ykxw fd;k x;kA bldk
fo'ks"k iz;kstu Fkk lM+d] jsyos ykbZu o ugjksa ds fy, Hkwfe dk
vf/kxzg.k djukA blds mijkar lu~ 1861] 1863 vkSj lu~ 1870 esa
blesa vko';d la'kks/ku fd, x,A lu~ 1870 ds la'kks/ku ds fo"k;
esa cgqr fopkj djus ds mijkar bl ij vk/kkfjr lu~ 1894 esa Hkwfe
vf/kxzg.k fo/ks;d ikl fd;k x;k] tksfd vkt rd ykxw gSA
ysfdu] dguk u gksxk fd mijksDr fo/ks;d dks fiNys 90 o"kksZa ds
nkSjku lu~ 1894 ls lu~ 1984 rd yxHkx 18 ckj la'kksf/kr fd;k
x;kA eq[; l'kks/ku 1956 esa fd;k x;k] tksfd ,Mksi'ku vkWQ ykWt
vkMZj] 1956 ds varxZr fd;k x;kA
eqvkotk nsdj Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ds ihNs nks vk/kkj gSaA ,d rks
ukxfjdksa dk osyQs;j lcls ij j[kk x;k gS vkSj nwljk]
lkoZtfud dk;Z ds fy, vko';drk] ftls izkbZosV vko';drk ls
vf/kd ekuk x;kA bl vk'k; dk viSzy] 1982 esa yksdlHkk esa ,d

fcy j[kk x;k] ftls 1984 esa ikfjr fd;k] tks vkt rd ykxw gSA
bu la'kks/kuksa ls fiNys 25&30 o"kksZa esa tks dfBukbZ;ka vkbZ gSa] muds
lek/kku ds fy, u, la'kks/ku dk elkSnk ljdkj }kjk rS;kj fd;k
x;k gS] tksfd vktdy ppkZ dk fo"k; gS] ftls 'kh?kz gh laln ds
iVy ij j[kdj cgl djus ds mijkar ikfjr djus dk fopkj gSA
lu~ 1984 ds la'kks/ku esa ewy:i ls nks eq[; ckrsa lkeus
vkbZa FkhaA ,d rks bl fo/ks;d dks iwoZdky ls gh ykxw djuk rFkk
nwljk] igyh ckj lkWfyfV;e eqvkotk nsuk rFkk c<+s gq, eqvkots
ij C;kt nsukA ;g lafo/kku dh leorhZ ;kuh dadjsaV fyLV esa gSA
fnlEcj] 1957 esa fnYyh MsoyiesUV fcy ds ij gqbZ
yksdlHkk esa cgl ds nkSjku pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us dgk Fkk&
^^mik/;{k egksn;] bl fo/ks;d dk uke fnYyh MsoYieasV

fo/ks;d gSA ysfdu] tgka fdUgha yksxksa ds fy, ;g MsoYiesaV fcy
gS] bldks fdUgh nwljs yksxksa ds fy, fouk'kd fcy ugha gksuk
pkfg,A nwljs] MsoYiesaV dk ,d ,LisDV [;ky esa jgs vkSj nwljk
,LisDV fnekx ls gVk fn;k tk,] eSa le>rk gw fd ;g dksbZ LoLFk
MsoYiesaV ugha gSA MsoYiesaV ds ekus flQZ ;gh ugha gSa fd flQZ bl
'kgj ds vUnj edku ij edku [kM+s fd, tk,a**A lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] fnYyh MsoYiesaV fcy] 12 fnlEcj] 1957] i`"B
5001A
blh fo/ks;d ij cksyrs gq, pkS/kjh lkgc us fdlkuksa ds

gd esa ljdkj dks yydkjk Fkk vkSj vkokt mBkbZ Fkh rFkk dgk Fkk
fd
56 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
& ^^,d rjQ rks izfrcU/k yxk;k tkrk gS fd ubZ fnYyh esa
nwljh eafty ugha cusxh] nwljh rjQ tks tehu 25 lky igys yh
xbZ Fkh] og clh ugha gS] rhljh rjQ vki vkSj tehu ysus dks rS;kj
gSaA vkf[kj ;g D;k uhfr gS\ ;g ekywe gksuk pkfg,A**lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] fnYyh MsoYiesaV fcy] 12 fnlEcj] 1957] i`"B
5003A
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us nsgkr dks m[kkM+dj 'kgj clkus dh

rgthc ds fo"k; eas vius fopkj Li"V djrs gq, dgk Fkk vkSj
rRdkyhu ljdkj dks blds ek/;e ls psrkouh nh Fkh&
**bl rjg dh ckrksa esa gesa cM+s ,sfrgkr ls pyuk pkfg,A ;gka
cM+h&cM+h gqdqersa vkbZa] og Hkh nsgkrksa dks ugha m[kkM+ ldha] mudha
rgthc vkSj ren~nqu dks ugha feVk ldhA ysfdu] vkt vki mldh
rgthc vkSj ren~nqu dks feVkus ds fy, rS;kj gSaA bl flfoykbTM
nqfu;k esa] ,sls le; esa] cM+h /khjt ls dke djuk pkfg,A** lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] fnYyh MsoYiesaV fcy] 12 fnlEcj] 1957]
i`"B 5003A
tehu dks vf/kxzg.k djds [kkyh j[kuk pkS/kjh lkgc dks

pqHkrk FkkA ;wa rks og tehu vf/kxzg.k ds fo:) ugha FksA blfy,]
mUgksaus dgk&
^^;g Bhd gS fd ljdkj dks vkSj /kkjkvksa ds eqrkfcd

tehu ysus dk vf[r;kj gksxkA ysfdu] bl ckjs esa rks eSa cksy
ldrk gw fd vki tehu lgh rkSjij ysrs gSa ;k lkjs ns'k dks ysdj
[kkyh Mkyus ds fy, ysrs gSaA vxj [kkyh Mkyus ds fy, tehu yh
tkrh gSa rks ;g uhfr ns'k ds fy, vPNh ugha gksxhA geus fdruh
gh ckrsa ikl dj yh gksaA ysfdu] ge bl ij cksy ldrs gSa vkSj
cgl dj ldrs gSa fd tehu lgh rkSjij yh tk jgh gS ;k ugha\

;g loky ugha gS fd tehu yh tk, ;k ughaA eSa tehu ysus ds
f[kykQ ugha gwA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] fnYyh MsoYiesaV fcy] 12
fnlEcj] 1957] i`"B 5004A
tehusa vf/kxzg.k djds ljdkj tc fdlkuksa dks cs?kj

cukrh gS rks bl fo"k; esa pkS/kjh lkgc ds fny esa cM+h Vhl mBrh
FkhA mUgksaus yksdlHkk esa nks Vwd dgk fd&
^^vc ljdkj [kqn yksxksa dks cs?kj cuk jgh gSA mudks clkus
dh ftEesnkjh fdlds ij gS\ ftu vknfe;ksa dks ljdkj viuh
dye ls mtkM+ jgh gS] mudks clkus dh ftEesnkjh Hkh mlh dh
curh gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] fnYyh MsoYiesaV
fcy] 12 fnlEcj] 1957] i`"B 5005A
'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k gYdksa esa HksnHkko ij vkius dgk Fkk fd

tehu vf/kxzg.k djrs le; ljdkj tc eqvkotk fu/kkZfjr djrh
gSa rks 'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k bykdksa esa Hksn djrh gSaA fdlku vkSj
dkj[kkusnkj esa QdZ j[krh gSaA mUgksaus yksdlHkk esa Li"V rkSjij
psrk;k Fkk fd &
^^tgka rd dEis'kslu eqvkotk dk rkYyqd gS] eSa ;g dgs

cxSj ugha jg ldrk fd tc ,d NksVs ls dk'rdkj dh tehu yh
tkrh gS] rks nl lky dh dher dh ,ojst yxkbZ tkrh gS vkSj og
nh tkrh gS] pkgs ,d ,dM+ dk ekfyd gks vkSj pkgs ikp ,dM+ dkA
tc ge eqvkotk nsrs gSa] rks mlesa fMLffeus'ku D;ksa\ tc ,d
dkj[kkusnkj dks] fctyh ds dkj[kkus ds ekfyd dks] ftlus dkQh
yksxksa dks ijs'kku fd;k] dkQh :i;k dek;k vkSj dksBh cuokbZ]
58 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
dEis'kslu nsus dk loky vkrk gS] rks ekdsZV oSY;w ls Hkh chl ijlsaV
T;knk nsuk iM+rk gS vkSj nwljh rjQ gkyr ;g gS fd dksbZ ,d
,dM+ tehu dk ekfyd gS] mldks tc dEis'kslu nsrs gSa rks nl
lky dh vkSlr ns[krs gSaA eSa le>rk gw fd ;g cgqr vPNk rjhdk
ugha gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] Hkkjrh; fo|qr la'kks/
ku fo/ks;d] 5 vxLr] 1959] i`"B 686A
tehu vf/kxzg.k djus ds fo"k; esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dk

n`f"Vdks.k ges'kk ls gh ;g jgk gS fd mitk d`f"k Hkwfe dks tgka
rd laHko gks vf/kx`ghr ugha fd;k tk, vkSj osLV yS.M dks
vf/kx`ghr fd;k tk,A mUgksaus 15 ekpZ] 1951 dks vUrfje laln esa
fjDohth'ku dkuwu cukrs le; cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, ;g dgk Fkk&
^êSa bl ckr ij ea=h egksn; dks tksj nsdj dguk pkgrk

gw vkSj izkFkZuk djuk pkgrk gw fd ,xzhdYpj yS.M vOoy esa tgka
rd gks lds] mldks NksM+ nsa] D;ksafd ogka dkQh vUu iSnk gksrk gS
vkSj mlds cnys tgka rd gks lds ,xzhdYpj osLVyS.M esa ls tehu
ysa vkSj mitk tehu dks NksM+ nsaA vkSj osLVyS.M ij tks ljdkjh
pht cukuk gks] og cuk;saA ysfdu] vxj fdlh t:jr dh fcuk ij
le>sa fd og ml mitk ,xzhdYpj dks ugha NksM+ ldrs] rHkh og
,slh tehu ij viuk gkFk j[ksa ;k Mkysa] vU;Fkk ughaA** vUrfje
laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] fjDohth'ku yS.M] dUVhU;w,'ku ikWolZ vesUMeSaV
fcy] 15 ekpZ] 1951] i`"B 4664A
vf/kxzg.k ;fn d`f"k mit okyh tehu dks vf/kxzg.k djuk

vko';d gks rks mlds ,ot esa osLVyS.M ;k rks Msoyi djds ns nh
tk, vFkok mlds Msoyi djus ds fy, dqN iSlk ns fn;k tk,A
mUgksaus lq>ko fn;k fd&
^^mlh ds lkFk&lkFk tSlkfd ,Dohft'ku ,DV esa ntZ gS]

cgqr ekewyh&lk eqvkotk nsdj dk'rdkj ls viuk iYyk NqM+kuk
dksbZ vPNh uhfr ugha gSA igys oDr esa tcfd gkl ds lkeus
ljdkj ftEesnkj ugha Fkh] ;g pht vxj gksrh rks vk'p;Z u FkkA
ysfdu] vc rks fLFkfr cny xbZ gS vkSj vkidh ljdkj bl gkl
ds izfr iw.kZr% mkjnk;h gSA ljdkj esjs fopkj esa ,sls vknfe;ksa dks
ftudks fd og fj;wth cuk jgh gS] mudks tc rd og is'kk u ns]
ml oDr rd esjh le> esa ljdkj dks dksbZ gd ugha jgrk fd
mudks fMLIysl dj nsA ns'k ds vUnj FkksM+k ugha] dkQh ,xzhdYpj
osLVyS.M gS vkSj vxj ljdkj dks ml yS.M dks ysuk vko';d gh
gks] ftlij fd dk'r dh tk jgh Fkh ;k gks] rks ctk; blds fd
og ml tehu ds ,ot esa dk'rdkj dks :i;k nsa] og ,xzhdYpj
yS.M dks Msoyi dj ns ;k tehu nsdj mruk eqvkotk vkSj ns]
ftlls fd og vklkuh ls mldks Msoyi dj ldsA** vUrfje laln
1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] fjDohth'ku yS.M] dUVhU;w,'ku ikWolZ vesUMeSaV fcy] 15
ekpZ] 1951] i`"B 4664&65A
ftu O;fDr;ksa dh tehu dk vf/kxzg.k dj fy;k tkrk gS]

muds iquokZl ds fy, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ds g`n; esa ges'kk Vhl
jgrh FkhA mUgksaus jktuhfr esas inkiZ.k ds mijkar vius izkjafHkd
thou esa gh ;g dgk Fkk&
^^,d NksVh lh ckr dguk pkgrk gw fd tgka ij vki ge

cSBs gSa] ;gka dqN yksx vkckn Fks&25 vkSj 30 lky igys mudha
tehusa ys yh xbZa Fkha vkSj cs?kj dj fn, x, FksA muesa ls cgqr lkjs
vkt Hkh cs?kj gSaA tgka gekjh ljdkj dk ;g dkZO; gS fd tks
if'pe ls tks HkkbZ vk, gSa] mudks clk;k tk, rks clkus ds fy,
ftUgsa ge vHkh mtkM+saxs] mUgsa clkus ds fy, edku] tehu ;k dksbZ
60 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
nwljs is'ks dk bUrtke djsaA** lafo/kku fo/kk;h cgl] iqLrd la- 7] i- 2]

6 flrEcj] 1948] i`"B 1062A
Hkkjrh; fo/kku ifj"kn esa foLFkkfirksa ds iquokZl ds fy, gks

jgh cgl esa pkS/kjh lkgc us rRdkyhu ljdkj dh vk[k [kksyus ds
fy, gh dqN rF; viuh cgl ds nkSjku laln ds lEeq[k j[ks Fks%
^^jktiqj fnYyh ds djhc gh ,d xko gSA ml xko esa cgqr

lkjs ckxkr gSa] ftudks dVok fn;k tk,xkA D;ksafd ljdkj dh
Ldhe ogka ij esMhdy baLVhP;w'ku vkSj nwljs baLVhP;w'ku cukus dh
gSA bl flyflys esa ogka ds yksxksa dh tehu dks ,Dok;j djus ds
fy, uksfVl ns fn;k x;k gSA gkykafd blds eqdkcys esa ogka ij ikl
gh mu eqlyeku HkkbZ;ksa dh tehu iM+h gS] tks ikfdLrku pys x,
gSa vkSj mudh tehusa rdjhcu [kkyh iM+h gSaA blds vykok dqN
tehu tks jktiqj okyksa ls 25 lky igys yh xbZ Fkh] og Hkh [kkyh
iM+h gSA blds vykok vkSj Hkh tehu mlds vklikl [kkyh iM+h gS]
tks cs?kj gS] tksfd clkus ds dqN dke vk ldrh gSA ysfdu] irk
ugha fd bl rjg ls D;ksa xyrh dh tk jgh gS\** lafo/kku fo/kk;h
cgl] iqLrd la- 7] i- 2] 6 flrEcj] 1948] i`"B 1062&63A
viuh cgl tkjh j[krs gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us lnu ds

lkeus ,d lq>ko is'k fd;k] ftldk lkjka'k gS fd tehu ds cnys
mlh dher dh tehu fdlh cjkcj ds ;k utnhdh xko esa ns nh
tk,] ftlls dk'rdkj viuk dke tkjh j[k ldsA mUgksaus dgk&
^êq>s bl ckr dk nq%[k gS fd vxj ge ;g le>rs gSa fd

:i;k ysdj og viuk is'kk dj ldrs gSa rks eSa le>rk gw fd ;g
vkidk vUnkt xyr gS] og dksbZ vU; is'kk ugha dj ldrs gSaA ;g
iq'rksa ls dke djrs pys vk, gSa] muds cki&nknkvksa us [ksrh dh gS
vkSj og Hkh [kqn [ksrh djrs gSa vkSj dksbZ nwljk is'kk ugha djrs gSaA
blfy, eSa vkils ;g dgwxk fd bl fcy ds vUnj tks iSls dh 'krZ
gS] mldks NksM+ fn;k tk, vkSj mldh ctk; ;g j[k fn;k tk,
fd mldks tehu ds cnys esa mlh dher ds cjkcj dh tehu nh
tk,xhA** lafo/kku fo/kk;h cgl] iqLrd la- 7] i- 2] 6 flrEcj] 1948] i`"B
1062&63A
mijksDr lq>ko nsrs gq, mUgksaus vius fny dh ckr dgh fd

mu catj tehuksa ds [ksrksa esa gh clklr dh tk;s] u fd d`f"k ;ksX;
Hkwfe ijA vkius eqvkots dk ft djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd %
^^,d fdlku vkSj [ksrh djus okys ds ukrs eSa bl ckr dks
vPNh rjg le>rk gw fd tehu dk eqvkotk D;k gksrk gSA vki
mldks :i;k nhft;sxk] exj mldk is'kk tks gS] og mu :i;ksa ls
iwjk ugha gksxkA vxj vki mldks 100 :i;k ch?kk Hkh eqvkotk ns
nsa rks Hkh mldks dksbZ eqvkotk ugha feyrk] og cs?kj gks tkrk gSA
u mlds ikl edku jgrk gS vkSj u mlds ikl iSlk jgrk gSA vr%
mldks tehu ds cnys tehu nsaA** lafo/kku fo/kk;h cgl] iqLrd la7] i- 2] 6 flrEcj] 1948] i`"B 1063
blh cgl esa vkxs Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius lq>ko fn;k Fkk fd
fdlkuksa dks eqvkotk u nsdj tehu ds cnys mlh dher dh cjkcj
tehu nh tk;sA ;g fcy esa la'kks/ku dj nsuk pkfg,A o"kZ 2011
esa dqN gn rd bl fo/ks;d esa la'kks/ku Hkh dj fn;s x, gSaA
pkS/kjh lkgc us O;aX;kRed ygtss esa dgk Fkk fd dqN HkkbZ
mudks lu~ 1939 bZLoh ds Hkko ls eqvkotk nsus dk izLrko j[krs gSaA
mudk ;g dguk Fkk fd ?kj vkt 1948 esa cukus gSa fd 1939 esa vkSj
og Hkh vkt ds Hkko feysaxs ;k 1948 ds Hkko] iqjtksj vihy dh FkhA
62 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ljdkj ges'kk fdlku dh tehu dks vf/kxzg.k djus ds

ckn mls tehu ds cnys tehu nsus ds i{k esa ugha gSA mls bldk
i{k/kj gksuk pkfg,A tgka Hkh ekSdk feyk] ogha ij viuh ckr dgh]
pkgs og ljdkj ds fojks/k esa yxrh gksA o"kZ 1949 esa vkius ctV
ij cgl esa Hkkx ysrs le; dgk Fkk %
^^ysfdu] eSa vkidks bl flyflys esa bruh ckr dguk

pkgrk gw fd [ksrh djus okys ds fy, dksbZ flyk ugha gSA dgk tk
ldrk gS fd tc rd fd vki mldks tehu ds cnys tehu u
nsaA**
lafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] vke ctV] 1949 ij cgl] 10 ekpZ] 1949]
i`"B 152
vkius gj ekSds ij ljdkj dks crkus dh dksf'k'k dh fd

mitk Hkwfe dk vf/kxzg.k ugha djuk pkfg,A ekpZ] 1951 esa
,Dohft'ku vkWQ yS.M ds izLrko ds vesaMesaV ij cksyrs gq, dgk
Fkk fd %
^^tgka rd fcfYMax ds ,Dohft'ku dk rkYyqd gS vkSj

,xzhdYpj yS.M dk ,Dohft'ku ugha gS] mlds ckjs esa eq>s cgqr
dqN dguk ugha gSA ysfdu] ,xzhdYpj yS.M ds ,Dohft'ku ds ckjs
esa t:j dguk gSA fnYyh vkSj vtesj esa dkQh ,xzhdYpj yS.M
eq[rfyQ t:jrksa ds fy, yh tk jgh gSA ,xzhdYpj yS.M dk tks
,Dohft'ku gS] tSlk fd igys vaxzst ljdkj djrh FkhA og rks
blfy, Fkk fd yksxksa ds izfr ftEesnkj ugha Fkh vkSj mldk ,d gh
,VhP;wM fdlh gn rd le>k tk ldrk FkkA ysfdu] ;g vQlksl
dh ckr gS fd oSlk gh uqDrs fuxkg vkt Hkh ekywe nsrk gSA**
lafo/kku fo/kk;h cgl] 15 ekpZ] 1951] i`"B 4662&63
vkius tksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd mitk tehu dks er NsfM+,A

vki cksys]
^êSa bl ckr ij ea=h egksn; dks tksj nsdj dguk pkgrk

gw vkSj izkFkZuk djuk pkgwxk fd ,xzhdYpjy yS.M ;k rks vOoy esa
mls NksM+ ldks rks NksM+ nksA D;ksafd ogka dkQh vUu iSnk gksrk gS
vkSj mlds cnys tgka rd gks lds osLV yS.M ij ljdkjh Hkou cuk
gS rks og cuk,aA ysfdu] fdlh t:jr dh fcuk ij og ml
mitk yS.M dks ugha NksM+rs rks rHkh og ,slh tehu ij viuk
gkFk Mkysa rks vPNk gksxkA** lafo/kku fo/kk;h cgl] 15 ekpZ] 1951] i`"B
4664
flfoy izksfltj dksM vesaMesaV fcy] 1958 ij rdZ djrs

gq, yS.M ,Dohft'ku ds fo"k; esa dgk Fkk fd %
^^fiNys rhl&pkyhl o"kksZa ds nkSjku ,d fcy ikl fd;k

x;k Fkk] ftldk uke yS.M ,syhfu,'ku ,DV FkkA bl dkuwu dh
otg ls tehuksa dh j{kk gks ldh FkhA ysfdu] tc ge vktkn gq,
rks ml dkuwu dks gVk fn;k x;k vkSj vlaoS/kkfud le>k x;kA
gkykafd] lkjs dk'rdkj mls pkgrs FksA blfy, gh iatkc ds
dk'rkdkjksa esa [kq'kgkyh FkhA D;ksafd] lkgwdkj fdlku dh tehu
dks gM+i ugha ldrk FkkA lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62]
2 ebZ] 1958] i`"B 12995
fnYyh yS.M gksfYMax flfyax fcy ds fo"k; esa dgk Fkk fd

tehusa xzg.k djus ij tks eqvkotk fn;k tkrk gS] og Bhd ugha gS%
^^ fnYyh esa cktkj Hkko ,d ,dM+ dk ikp gtkj :i;s gS

vkSj mldk eqvkotk ;s ipkl :i;k nsaA ;s dgka rd U;k; gS\ ge
dgrs gSa fd lks'ky fjQkseZ ds fy, lekt ds gj vax dks dqN u
64 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
dqN dqckZuh djuh pkfg,A mlesa dksbZ ,srjkt ugha gSA bEihfj;y
cSad esa tks fgLlsnkj gSa] muls Hkh dqckZuh djkbZ tk;sA vxj fgLls
dh Qsl oSY;q gh ns nh tkrh gS rks gesa f'kdk;r u gksrhA ysfdu]
mldk ikp xq.kk ekfdZV oSY;w ds rkSjij mudks eqvkotk fn;k
x;kA ysfdu] tks tehu lksuk iSnk djrh gS] tks tehu vukt iSnk
djrh gS] mldks eqvkots ds fy, tks rjhdk vf[r;kj fd;k tk
jgk gSA og ml tehu ds ij fdlh us nks gtkj dk edku cuk
fy;k gS rks mldh dher nks gtkj :i;s t:j feyuh pkfg,A
pkgs tehu dk eqvkotk lkB :i;s gh D;ksa u gks\**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 11 ekpZ] 1960] i`"B 5466&67
tehu vf/kxzg.k ij fnYyh yS.M gksfYMax flfyax fcy

ij vius fopkj j[krs gq, vkius dgk Fkk fd tehu dk eqvkotk
nsrs le; vkidks fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk gksxkA
^^vki tehu ysuk pkgrs gSa rks yhft,A mlesa dksbZ ckr
ugha gSA ysfdu] mldk fglkc ekfdZV oSY;w ls gksuk pkfg,A**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 1 vxLr] 1960] i`"B 206
ge pkgrs gSa fd eqvkots ds ckW.M u fn;s tk,] ysfdu udn

nsuk pkfg,A o"kZ 1961 esa fnYyh vcZu ,fj;k VsusaV~l fcy ds ij
ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs le; vkius ;kn fnyk;k Fkk fd fnYyh nsgkr ds
yksxksa dh tehu rks ,Dok;j dj yh tkrh gS] ysfdu mudks ml
tehu ds cnys tehu ugha nh tkrh gSA u gh muds fy, ?kj gSA
vkius tksj nsdj dgk]
^^fnYyh 'kgj rks bruk cM+k gks x;k gS] og dqN HkkbZ;ksa dks
cs?kj djds clk gSA eq>s nks pkj fnu gq;s ,d vkneh ftldh
tehu 1912 esa o 1918 esa ml oDr yh xbZ Fkh vkSj dgk Fkk fd ;g
yht ij yh tk jgh gS rks mUgsa gh nh tk,xhA og 15 :i;s ,dM+

yh Fkh] ysfdu vkt og tehu yht ij gS vkSj fdlh dks nh tk
jgh gS vkSj og cs?kj gqvk fQjrk gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk
1957&62] 1 ebZ] 1961] i`"B 14764
nl o"kZ ds varjky ds ckn pkS/kjh lkgc jkT; lHkk ds

lnL; pqus x, FksA vfirq] Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ds fo"k; dks ugha Hkwys FksA
igyk ekSdk feyrs gh Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ij cksysA mM+hlk LVsV
,xzhdYpj Msyhxs'ku vkWQ ikWolZ fcy 1973 ij cksysA oss u dsoy
gfj;k.kk o iatkc vfirq Hkwfe lq/kkj ij lHkh ds fy, cksys Fks %
^^Jheku th] ge bl fcy dks ikl djds vkSj Hkwfe lq/kkj

dkuwuksa dks tYn ls tYn ysdj desVh esa ikl djsaA blds vykok
ge ikksa dk Hkh jk"Vh;dj.k dj nsaA mM+hlk ds fy, lcls t:jh
ckr gS fd ogka ij [ksrh dh rjDdh ds fy,] [ksrh dh iSnkokj dh
rjDdh ds fy, fctyh flapkbZ o nwljs lk/ku tqVkuk Hkh cgqr
vko';d gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 29
ekpZ] 1973] i`"B 117
,izksfiz,'ku fcy ua- 3 o"kZ 1973 ij cgl esa ek:fr ds

dkj[kkus dh tehu dk loky vk;k mlij pkS/kjh lkgc us crk;k
fd gfj;k.kk ljdkj dks fj;k;r ugha nh gSA dgk fd]
^êk:fr dh otg ls gfj;k.kk ljdkj dh tehu dks 1500

:i;s ,dM+ esa ys jgs Fks fNis gkFkksa ls] ml tehu dh dher lk<+s
X;kjg gtkj :i;s ,dM+ rd feyh gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh
jkT;lHkk 1972&78] 22 vxLr] 1973] i`"B 252
66 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
; eq
ukunhfodkl ; ks
t uk
ifjp;
f"k fodkl esa flapkbZ dh leqfpr O;oLFkk ,d izeq[k t:jr
gS ftlesa ;equk unh dh Hkwfedk vge gSA blds egRo dks le>rs
gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us vius lalnh; thou ds vkjEHk esa gh bl
loky dks mBkuk 'kq# dj fn;k FkkA
;wa rks gfj;k.kk esa o"kZ 1894 ls rktsokyk ds LFkku ls oSLVuZ
tequk duky dk 13000 D;wfld ikuh flapkbZ ds fy, miyC/k jgk
gS] tks dkQh ugha gSA ;g ikuh djuky] fglkj] jksgrd o fnYyh
dks fn;k tkrk gSA pkgs cgqr vjls igys ls ;equk rFkk bldh
lgk;d ufn;ksa ij cka/k cukus dh ;kstuk dk ft gksrk jgk gS]
vfirq nf{k.kh gfj;k.kk rks ikuh feyus ls vkt rd oafpr jgk gSA
fQj Hkh ckdh ikuh dks gfj;k.kk izkUr ds fy, izkIr djokus ds fy,
;equk csflu ds fodkl dh fdlh ;kstuk ij Hkh vHkh rd Hkh dke
pkyw ugha fd;k x;k gSA blds vusd dkj.k jgs gSaA
ns'k ds Lora= gksrs gh loZizFke pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us o"kZ 1948
esa gh lafo/kku lHkk esa ;equk ?kkVh ds fodkl ds eqn~ns dks tksj 'kksj
ls mBk;k Fkk vkSj fuosnu fd;k Fkk fd ^;equk ?kkVh laLFkk* tSlk
,d fcy ikl dhft,A ;g ugha gqvkA mUgksaus ;equk ij fd'kk
cka/k ;kstuk ds fo"k; esa vkf[kjh ne rd tksj nsdj dgk Fkk] vfirq
;equk unh fodkl ;kstuk / 67
vHkh rd dksbZ lkFkZd ifj.kke ugha fudyk vkSj vkt rd Hkh

fd'kk MSe cukus ds fo"k; esa ppkZ tkjh gSA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us iatkc ljdkj esa flapkbZ ea=h jgrs gq,
o"kZ 1963 esa fd'kk MSe ;kstuk rS;kj djkdj Hkkjr ljdkj dks
Hksth Fkh] ftldh eatwjh dgha vVd dj jg xbZA bl ifj;kstuk dk
lh/kk ykHk gfj;k.kk] mkj izns'k vkSj fnYyh dks rks gksuk gh Fkk]
vfirq] buds lkFk gh jktLFkku vkSj fgekpy izns'k dks Hkh gksuk FkkA
ikp izkUrksa ds uqek;Unksa dk fodkl ds ckjs esa ,d ,xzhesaV gqvk Fkk]
tks blh v/;k; esa of.kZr gSA
vr% pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us vius le; esa ;equk ?kkVh dh
fodkl ifj;kstuk dks fljs p<kus ds fy, tksj 'kksj ls iz;kl fd,A
;g lc fjdkMZ dh ckr gSA tuekul dks bu lcds ckjs esa de
tkudkjh gSA blfy, bl v/;k; esa mDr loky dks fy;k x;k gSA
68 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
; eq
ukunhfodkl ; ks
t uk
;equk unh ;equkskjh ls pydj gfj;k.kk esa gfFkuh dq.M ds
LFkku ij izos'k djrh gSA ;gka rd 171 fdyksehVj dk jkLrk r;
gks tkrk gSA ysfdu] ty dh /kkjk LoPN jgrh gSA oSls rks ;equk
unh dh dqy yackbZ 1376 fdyksehVj gSA vfirq] vkxs ;equk ty
mruk LoPN ugha jg ikrk] ftruk fd gfFkuh dq.M rd jgrk gSA
bl ckr dh fpark fiNyh 'krkCnh ds vafre n'kd rFkk bl 'krkCnh
ds izFke n'kd esa ljdkj dks lrkus yxh gSA ljdkj bl flyflys
esa vc iz;Ru'khy Hkh gSA ;wa rks bl lQkbZ dk lokZf/kd vkSj lh/kk
ykHk dsUnzh; jkt/kkuh dks feyus okyk gSA D;ksafd jkt/kkuh esa ihus
ds ikuh ds ladV dks ;equk unh }kjk gh de fd;k tkrk gSA pkgs
og oSLVuZ ;equk duky }kjk gh izkIr gksrk gksA
blh flyflys esa o"kZ 1997 bZLoh ls ysdj ;equk unh dh
lQkbZ ds fy, rFkk bls iznw"k.k eqDr djus ds fy, rhu Qsl dk
dk;Ze lEiUu gks pqdk gSA ftl dke ij vHkh rd 850 djksM+
:i;s [kpZ gks pqds gSaA dguk u gksxk fd ;equk unh mruh gh eSyh
gS] ftruh bl dk;Ze ls igys FkhA ikuh mruk gh tgjhyk gS]
ftruk igys FkkA dke dh <+hyh jrkj dks ns[krs gq, loksZPp
U;k;ky; dks Hkh blesa n[kyvUnkth djuh iM+hA
;equk unh dh /kkjk dks LoPN djus ds fy, ljdkj us vjcksa
:i;s [kpZ fd;sA ysfdu] jgs ogh <+kd ds rhu ikrA ;wa rks vc dqN
laxBu Hkh iz;kljr gSaA ysfdu] ;g lc ukdkQh gSA dgus dks rks
;equk ,D'ku Iyku ij Hkh dke gqvk] tks 1993 ls ysdj o"kZ 2003
rd pykA xUns ty dh lQkbZ ds fy, 75-3 djksM+ yhVj ds
ty'kks/ku IykUV yxk, x,A bl ,D'ku Iyku dh vuqekfur ykxr
1956 djksM+ :i;s jghA
;equk unh dh /kkjk dks vfojy vkSj fueZy cukus ds fy,
fofHkUu ljdkjksa vkSj turk dks ,dtqV gksuk iM+sxkA ,slk rHkh
gksxk] tc gekjs varl esa ;equk unh dh ekU;rk mlh rjg cuh jgs]
tSls fd fiNyh 'krkCnh esa FkhA ge bls ;equk eS;k ekuk djrs FksA
gj eghus nwj&nwj ls Luku djus bl ifo= unh esa vkrs FksA ns[kk
tk, rks D;k vkt dksbZ fnYyh ds LFkku ij ;equk unh esa Luku
djds ifo= gksrk gS\ D;ksafd u rks ogka ifo=rk gS vkSj u gh og
lkQ lqFkjs ?kkV jgsA eFkqjk ds LFkku ij Hkh ;equk unh ds ikuh dks
ifo= ekuk tkrk FkkA D;k vkt dksbZ O;fDr mls fny ls ^;equk
eS;k* dgrk gS\ ughaA
u dsoy /kkfeZd n`f"V ls] vfirq flapkbZ dh mi;ksfxrk ds fy,
;equk unh dk viuk gh LFkku gSA ;equk ?kkVh ds ikuh dks flapkbZ
ds fy, iz;ksx djus ds fy, igys dh rjg gh vktdy ,d eqfge
pyh gqbZ ] ftl ij ,d iaFk nks dkt okyh dgkor pfjrkFkZ gksrh
gS % ^vke ds vke vkSj xqBfy;ksa ds nke*A
blhfy,] gfj;k.kk ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa ugjh ikuh dh deh dks
tks cgqr fnuksa ls gS] mldks iwjk djus ds fy, ;g izkstsDV pyk;k
tk ldrk gSA bldk ,d dkj.k rks ;g gS fd lryqt ;equk ugj
ls gfj;k.kk ds fgLls dk ikuh vHkh rd ugha feyk gSA nwljk eq[;
dkj.k gS fd ljdkjksa us ;equk unh ds ikuh dk fd'kk cka/k Vksat
70 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
unh ij] tks ;equk unh dh lgk;d unh gS] y[kokj cka/k ;equk
unh ij vkSj js.kqdk cka/k fxjh unh ij] tksfd ;equk dh lgk;d
unh gS cukdj ikuh dk flapkbZ ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tk,A
;|fi gky gh esa fnYyh ljdkj us fgekpy izns'k ljdkj ls
fxjh unh ij] js.kqdk cka/k ij 40 esxkokV dk fctyh ?kj vkSj 760
D;wfld ikuh dk iz;ksx djus ckjs cka/k cukus dk djkj fd;k gSA
ysfdu] bl izkstSDV dks vHkh rd i;kZoj.k ea=ky; ls gjh >aMh
ugha feyh gSA ;equk unh esa 10 ,e,,Q ikuh o"kZHkj pyrk gS]
ftldk 4-5 ,e,,Q dk iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA ckdh 5-50
,e,,Q unh esa ;wa gh cgrk gS vkSj dbZ ckj Hkh"k.k ck<+ ykus dk
dkj.k cu tkrk gSA vdsyh ;equk unh esa 7 yk[k D;wfld ikuh
rktsokyk ds LFkku ij cgrk gSA ;fn rhuksa cka/k] fd'kk] js.kqdk
rFkk y[kokj cuk fn, x;s gksrs rks fctyh vkSj ikuh dh deh dks
iwjk fd;k x;k gksrkA xqM+xkao flVhtu dkaafly jft- }kjk izdkf'kr
iEiysV] fnukad 26-05-2012
dguk u gksxk fd rktsokyk ls fudyus okyh oSLVuZ tequk

ugj] tksfd o"kZ 1894 esa cuh Fkh] gfj;k.kk ds fy, thounkf;uh jgh
gSA bl ugj ls o"kZHkj 13000 D;wfld ikuh cgrk gSA ysfdu]
lfnZ;ksa esa eqf'dy ls 2000 D;wfld ikuh jg tkrk gSA ;fn rhuksa
cka/k cu tkrs rks 3000 D;wfld ikuh vkSj izkIr gks tkrkA
;wa rks o"kZ 1993 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us gfj;k.kk] ;w-ih- vkSj fnYyh
rhuksa izkUrksa ds ikuh ds fgLls dks r; dj j[kk gSSA bu rhuksa cka/kksa
dks cukus dk [kpZ 12000 djksM+ :i;s vkus dk vuqeku gSA
vkt ds lUnHkZ esa ;equk unh ds fodkl] lQkbZ rFkk iznw"k.k
eqDr vkSj flapkbZ ds fy, ge lksp fopkj dj jgs gSaA pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag us ;g lc ckrsa cgqr igys gh jk"Vh; Lrj ij mBkbZ FkhaA

mudh nwjnf'kZrk dks nkn nsuh iM+sxhA ekSdk feyrs gh igyh ckj
Qjojh] 1948 eas Hkk[kM+k ;equk ?kkVh fuxe dh LFkkiuk ij cgl esa
Hkkx ysrs gq, ;kn fnyk;k Fkk fd ihNs vaxszt ds jkt esa ;qfufuLV
ikVhZ 10&15 lky ls Hkk[kM+k MSe dk uke ysdj oksV gkfly djrh
gSa vkSj Hkk[kM+k ugj dk ukjk yxkdj yksxksa dks cgdk j[kk gSA
vkius dgk Fkk fd %
^êSa ea=h egksn; ls ;g fuosnu djuk pkgrk gw fd og fojks/kh

ny dks volj u nas fd dkaxszl flQZ bySD'ku esa jk; ysus ds fy,
gh ;g LVaV [kM+k dj jgh gSA cfYd og bldks tYnh ls tYnh
dk;Ze esa ifjf.kr djsaxsA**
lafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 18 Qjojh] 1948] i`"V 114
mlh fnu cgl esa vkxs pydj mUgksaus ^fn;s rys va/ksjk* okyh
dgkor dk gokyk fn;k vkSj tksj fn;k Fkk fd ,slk ugha gksuk
pkfg,A mUgksaus /;ku fnyk;k fd ns'k cnyk gSA xqykeh ls vktkn
gq, gSaA ysfdu vkt Hkh nhid rys va/ksjk fn[krk gSA dgk fd %
^^tSls nkeksnj oSyh dh gkyr gS] oSlh gh gkyr ;equk ?kkVh

dh gSA tgka ge cSBs gSa] ogka ls ;equk xqtjrh FkhA ;gka ls ikap ehy
ds Qklys ij ogh gkyr ns[krs gSa] tks 'kk;n fcgkj vkSj caxky esa
ns[kh gSA cgqr vf/kd] cM+h tehu [kkyh iM+h gS] tgka ij vPNs Qwy
o lkx lCth rS;kj gks ldrs gSA gj lky ogka ij ck<+ vkus ds
dkj.k fdlkuksa dks yk[kksa dk uqdlku cnkZ'r djuk iM+rk gSA**
lafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 18 Qjojh] 1948] i`"V 115
blh fnu cgl esa mUgksaus crk;k Fkk fd ;w-ih-] iatkc vkSj
fnYyh izkarksa dks Qk;nk igqapkuk gS rks bl ;kstuk dks dsUnz ljdkj
72 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
pkyw djsA vkius Li"V 'kCnksa esa tksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd %
^^cxSj fdlh foyac ds ,d ,slk fcy] ftldk uke ^;equk

?kkVh laLFkk* gksxk] tYn ls tYn gekjs lkeus yk,axs---A ftruk ge
tYn ls tYn bls ikfjr djsaxs] fdlkuksa dks cgqr vPNh gkyr esa
ns[k ik,axsA** lafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 18 Qjojh] 1948] i`"V
115
mUgksaus iqjkus o"kksZa dh ;kn fnykrs gq, dgk Fkk fd fd'kk MSe
Vksat unh ds ij cuk;k tkuk Fkk] tks ;equk dh fMLVhO;qVjh gSA
mUgksaus ;kn fnyk;k fd %
^
^Mk- ds- ,y- jko dgrs Fks fd fd'kk MSe] Hkk[kM+k MSe ls
apk gksxkA og 5 lky ds vUnj cu tk,xkA vkt yxHkx 9 lky
gks x, gSaA exj ogka ij dksbZ dke 'kq: ugha gqvk gSA** lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 11 vxLr] 1972] i`"B 202
pkS/kjh lkfgc us dgk eSasus MkDVj jko dks crk;k Fkk fd ftl
oDr fd'kk MSe cu tk,xk rks fnYyh esa Hkh ;equk cM+s bykds esa
cgrh utj ugha vk,xhA og de bykds esa jgsxhA fQj ckdh tks
tehu cpsxh] og vU; dkeksa esa ykbZ tk ldrh gSA** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 2 ebZ] 1973] i`"B 256
;w-ih- LVsV ysftLyspj Msyhxs'ku vkWQ ikWolZ fcy] 1973 ij

cgl esa ;equk unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk ds laca/k esa vkius 50 o"kZ igys
dh ;kn fnykbZ Fkh vkSj dgk Fkk fd %
^^vki tkurs gSa fd fctyh dk cM+k Hkkjh ladV gSA fctyh

iSnk gks lds blesa vkt ls 49 lky igys ;kfu o"kZ 1924 esa Mk[kkslyk tc ,lMhvks HkrhZ gq, Fks] mUgksaus fd'kk MSe dh ;kstuk
dh tkudkjh Hkh nh Fkh vkSj ml oDr fjiksVZ nh FkhA blfy, ;g
fpark dk fo"k; gS fd vHkh rd dksbZ dke ugha gqvkA** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 8 vxLr] 1973] i`"B 182
dguk u gksxk fd rhuksa LVsV viuk&viuk gd le>rh gSaA

bl MSe ds fo"k; esa pkS/kjh lkgc us dVk{k ls dgk Fkk fd %
^^vkB lky chr x;s ml oDr Mk- jko us dgk Fkk fd ,d

lky esa fjiksVZ ys vk,axs vkSj 5 lky esa ge bl MSe dks cuk nsaxs
vkSj ;s izns'k ds fy, ,d 'kksHkk dh pht gksxk vkSj ge mudks
fctyh Hkh ns ldsaxsA lHkh LVsVksa dk ikuh&fctyh dk fgLlk r;
fd;k x;k FkkA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d]
8 vxLr] 1973] i`"B 184
vki :y 176 ds varxZr cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, crk jgs Fks fd
gesa ikuh dh t:jr gSA ihus vkSj flapkbZ ds fy,A vkius dgk
Fkk %
^tokgj yky usg: izkstsDV ds vUnj ,d ;kstuk cukbZ

vkSj ml ;kstuk ds tfj, ge ;equk dk ikuh ftldks cgu pwM+kor
th dg jgh Fkh fd nfj;k esa tkdj cgrk gS vkSj og leqnz esa cg
tkrk gSA ml cjlkr ds ikuh dks 400 QhV mBkdj lw[ks [ksrksa esa
rks Mkyuk pkgrs gSa vkSj ml ;kstuk dks ,d lky esa iwjk djuk
pkgrs gSa rks vki 10&15 djksM+ :i;k] ftruk gesa ns ldsa] gesa ns
nsaA vkSj rkfd dke ge VkbZe ij dj ldsaA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh
jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 26 uoEcj] 1974] i`"B 236
74 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
vkius ;equk unh ds fodkl ds fo"k; esa dgk Fkk fd]
^^blds vykok vc eSa dqN vius bykds ds ckjs esa Hkh dguk
pkgrk gwA fnYyh ds ikl ls ,d unh xqtjrh gS vkSj ftlesa dkQh
ikuh vkrk gS] ftldk uke ;equk gSA dbZ nQk rks ;g [krjk iSnk
gks tkrk gS fd dgha fnYyh Mwc u tk,A ns'k esa dbZ cM+s&cM+s
cka/k cuok;s tk jgs gSa vkSj dbZ lkS djksM+ :i;ksa dk mu ij [kpZ
gksrk gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 22 fnlEcj] 1954]
i`"B 3770
Qjojh] 1971 dks gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa ,uoy Qk;ukafl,y

LVsVeSaV vkWQ gfj;k.kk bySDVhflVh cksMZ ij fMLd'ku esa Hkkx ysrs
gq, vkius fctyh ds mRiknu rFkk forj.k ds ckjs esa dgk Fkk %
^ôSLVuZ ;equk dSuky gkbZMy Ldhe dh eatwjh ds dkxtkr

tksfd xoZuesaV vkWQ bf.M;k ds eqrkfcd nrjksa esa lQj djrs jgs
gSa] os esjs VkbZe ij r; dj pqds FksA tc iatkc esa eSa flapkbZ o
fctyh ea=h FkkA vkt mudks Ng o"kZ gks x;s gSa] ijUrq vHkh rd
mlds ij dke 'kq: ugha gqvkA b/kj iatkc ds vUnj ,d ugj
vij ckjh nksvkck duky gSA blds ij dke 'kq: gks x;k gS vkSj
og cuus okyh gSA**
blh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, vkxs pydj dgk Fkk fd %
^^v/;{k egksn;k] vki tkurh gSa fd Hkk[kM+k MSe dh tc

;kstuk cuh] ml oDr iatkc ds vUnj pkS/kjh NksVwjke ea=h gqvk
djrs FksA mUgksaus bl izkstsDV ij nL[r fd, FksA tc og cuuk 'kq:
gqvk rks pkS/kjh ygjh flag ea=h gksrs FksA os Hkh jksgrd ftys ds FksA
tc iwjk le; gqvk rks eSa ea=h FkkA ysfdu] tcls ;gka xqM+xkao ds
ea=h vk, gSa rks ;gka loky ds tokc esa crk;k tkrk gS fd jksgrd
ftys ds xko dks fctyh ugha nh tk ldrhA** gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 16
Qjojh] 1971] i`"B 9 130
rRdkyhu eq[;ea=h pkS/kjh calhyky us pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dks

dgk Fkk fd vkius fd'kk MSe ls feyus okys ikuh esa jktLFkku dk
fgLlk eku fy;k FkkA tc vki iatkc esa flapkbZ ea=h FksA ;g ckr
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa 5 vxLr] 1971 dks dgh FkhA bl ckr dks
ysdj mUgsa nq%[k gqvk vkSj vkius viuh ckr bl izdkj dgh Fkh %
^^v/;{kk egksn;] igyh ckr tks bUgksaus dgh fd vkt ikuh

dk flyflyk dgka gS\ mUgksaus dgk gS fd vkt ikuh dh deh
blfy, gks xbZ gS fd D;ksafd tks tequk ds ij fd'kk MSe cukuk
Fkk] mlds vUnj eSusa jktLFkku dk fgLlk eku fy;k FkkA eq>dks
le> rc vkrh fd eq[;ea=h fd'kk MSe cuok nsrs vkSj mlds ckn
eq>ij ;g bYtke yxkrsA bldk ,d cgqr cM+k bfrgkl gSA ;equk
dk tgka fd'kk MSe cuuk gS] mlds ckjs esa crkrk gwA yxHkx
1924 ds vUnj gfj;k.kk ds egku iq:"k pkS/kjh NksVwjke bDdBs
iatkc ds bjhxs'ku vkSj ihMCywMh ds othj gksrs FksA ml le;
mUgksaus [kkslyk lkgc dks lSUVy okVj ,.M ikWoj deh'ku ds
ps;jeSu vkSj ckn esa mM+hlk ds jkT;iky Hkh cusA mudks iatkc dh
rjQ ls Hkstk FkkA ;g ns[kks fd ;equk ds ij dksbZ MSe cu ldrk
gS fd ughaA mUgksaus ;g LFkku ns[kk] tgka vc fd'kk MSe cuk;k
tkuk gSA mUgksaus jk; nh Fkh fd ;g LFkku MSe cukus ds fy,
Hkk[kM+k ls Hkh cf<+;k gSA pkyhl lky ds ckn eSaus Hkh og LFkku
ns[kk] tks igkM+ ds ij [kksnk gqvk LFkku gSA ;equk ds ij tks
MSe cusxk] og Hkk[kM+k ls apk cusxk**
76 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
blh cgl dks tkjh j[krs gq, vkxs dgk Fkk fd %
^^bl ckjs esa eSa FkksM+h lh tkudkjh vkSj nsuk pkgrk gw rkfd
mu lnL;ksa dks Hkh irk py tk,] ftudks iwjh tkudkjh ugha gSA
cjlkr ds ckn ,d frgkbZ ikuh tequk dh fMLVhC;wVjh esa vkrk gS]
ftldk uke Vksat gS vkSj mudh jk; ds eqrkfcd tequk esa tks eSu
jhoj gS] mlds ij MSe ugha cu ldrkA Vksat fMLVhC;wVjh] ftlesa
o"kkZ _rq ds ckn ;equk dk nks frgkbZ ikuh cgrk gS] mlds ij
cu ldrk gSA mlds ckn bl flyflys esa ,d dkasl cqykbZ xbZA
ml dkasl esa ftrus eaf=;ksa dk uke fy;k x;k] mudks fgUnqLrku
ds dsUnzh; ea=h us cqyk;k FkkA jktLFkku ds ea=h ds Hkh nLr[kr gq,
vkSj eSaus Hkh nLr[kr fd,A**
^^bUgksaus esjs ij tks bYtke yxk;k gS] bldh vlyh otg
;gh gS fd eSaus nLr[kr fd, gSaA vc mlds eqrkfcd ikuh dk dksbZ
cVokjk ugha fd;k x;kA dsoy MSe cukus dk ft fd;k x;k FkkA
xqM+xkao ugj dk Hkh ft fd;k x;k gSA xqM+xkaok ugj dh tks
izkstSDV fjiksVZ gS] og esjs ls igys fgUnqLrku dh ljdkj dks Hkst nh
xbZ FkhA bl izkstsDV ds ij jktLFkku dh ljdkj dks fgLlsnkjh
ml ikuh esa ns nh xbZ FkhA**
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 5 vxLr] 1971] i`"B 4 39
blh flyflys esa vkius vkxs pydj dgk Fkk fd %
^^v/;{k egksn;] eq[;ea=h th us esjs f[kykQ bYtke yxk;k

fd eSaus jktLFkku dks fd'kk MSe esa fgLlsnkj djok;k FkkA ;g
ckr xyr gSA jktLFkku dk fgLlk ml oDr 'kkfey gks x;k Fkk]
tc xqM+xkaok dsSuky izkstsDV ds vUnj mudk fgLlk eku fy;k x;k
Fkk vkSj ;g ckr eq>ls igys ihfj;M esa gks pqdh FkhA mlds ckn
dsUnzh; ea=h us ;g ;dhu fnyk;k Fkk fd ;g 5 lky ds vUnj iwjk
gks tk,xk] ysfdu vkt 7 lky chr x, gSa vkSj lok rhu lky
eq[;ea=h lkgc dks Hkh gfj;k.kk ljdkj dh xn~nh ij cSBs gks x;s
gSa] exj ml izkstsDV dh bl oDr rd ,d bZaV Hkh ugha j[kh xbZ
gSA 'kse 'kse dh vkoktA eSuas ,d QSlyk gfj;k.kk ds gd esa
djok;k Fkk] ogka MSe cuok nhft,A vHkh rd MSe cuk ugha rks ikuh
dk caVokjk dSls gks x;k\ ;g bYtke vkius esjs ij yxkus dh
dksf'k'k dh xbZ gS] ljklj xyr gSA** gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 5 vxLr]
1971] i`"B 4 40
nh ,uoy ,MfefuLVsVho ,.M nh FkMZ ,uoy LVsVeSaV vkWQ

vdkaVl vkWQ nh gfj;k.kk LVsV bysDVhlhVh cksMZ QkWj n bZ;j
1969&70 dh cgl esa fgLlk ysrs gq, vkius fd'kk MSe ds ckjs esa
dgk Fkk fd %
^^fd'kk MSe] ftlds ckjs esa cM+s Hkkjh xhr xk, tkrs gSa]
mlds fo"k; eas eSa dqN ckrsa crkuk pkgrk gwA----fd'kk MSe cukuk
gS] ftlls fctyh iSnk gksxhA ijUrq ;gka ppkZ fdlh vkSj pht dh
dj nh tkrh gSA mik/;{k egksn;k] iafMr jke/kkjh xkSM+ us bl ckr
dks dgk Fkk ;k ugha] ijUrq eq>s ekywe gS fd ;equk ij tgka
rktsokyk gS] ogka jSxqysVj cuk gSA tgka ls bLVuZ dSuky ;w-ih- dks
tkrh gS vkSj oSLVuZ tequk duky gekjs ;gka vkrh gSA ogka ls
nfj;k ij cgqr lkjh fctyh ;w-ih- ljdkj us iSnk djuh vkjEHk dj
nh gSA D;k bl ljdkj us bldh dHkh tkudkjh nh fd blesa gekjk
Hkh fgLlk gS vkSj gesa feyuk pkfg,\ mik/;{k egksn;k] ftUgksaus
>.Mh yxk yh] ftUgksaus t; ds ukjs yxokus 'kq: dj fn,] mudks
rks xkyh rks feysxh gh] >f.M;ka rks calhyky th us yxkbZ gSa vkSj
78 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
xkfy;ka vkSjksa dks feysaxh\** gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 5 vxLr] 1971] i`"B

4 119
o"kZ 1986 esa pkS/kjh lkgc us usg: eSeksfj;y laxzkgy; ds fy,

lk{kkRdkj nsrs gq, bl ;kstuk ds fo"k; esa nq%[kh eu ls dgk Fkk]
^^;equk ds ij MSe ugha cuk gSA D;ksafd b/kj y[ku dk

jkt gS vkSj m/kj bykgkckn dk jkt gSA mUgsa ;equk ls D;k
eryc\ ;equk MSe] ftldk 1924 esa ,LVhesV gqvk Fkk] vkt rd
ugha cukA 63 lky gks x;s gSaA vc vxj vygnk gksrk rks ;equk
MSe igys cuk gksrk] Hkk[kM+k cka/k ckn esa vkrkA ;equk MSe Hkk[kM+k
ls apk curkA** lk{kkRdkj] usg: eSeksfj;y laxzkgy;] i`"B 66A
LVsVeSaV ;equk MsoyieSaV
;g loZlEefr ls ekuk tkrk gS %&
1- tequk unh ds vUnj vkxs vkus okyk ikuh jk"V ds fgr esa
[kpkZ tk,xkA
2- ;g lcls vPNk gS fd Vksat unh rFkk fxjh unh ij tyky
fMLVhC;wVjh ij tc t:jh gks rks cka/k cuk;k tk,A
3- bl fo"k; esa izkjafHkd dk;Zokgh Vksat unh ij mkj izns'k ds
bathfu;j djsaxsA ;fn pkgsa rks fgekpy izns'k ds bathfu;jksa dks Hkh
lkFk fy;k tk ldrk gSA
4- fxjh MSe dh tkap iM+rky o dk;Zokgh fgekpy izns'k ds
bathfu;j djsaxsA
5- fd'kk MSe dk [kpkZ mkj izns'k] fgekpy izns'k] iatkc]
nsgyh] jktLFkku lcus lk>k djuk ekuk gSA ;g izkstsDV 'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz
'kq: dj fd;k tk;sA

6- bl MSe dk Qk;nk lHkh LVsVl ds chp ckaVk tk,xk tks
ckn esa ,d dkasl esa r; gksxkA ykxr dk :i;k tks ikuh o
fctyh iSnk djus dk gksxk] og Hkh ckaV fy;k tk,xkA fgekpy
izns'k vkSj mkj izns'k flapkbZ o fctyh izkstsDVl fodflr djsaxsA
7- tc fxjh MSe cu tk;sxk] rc miyC/k flapkbZ ds lk/kuksa dks
fo'ks"k rkSjij cuk fy;k tk;sxk] 'kk;n ml le; ,d ikSaM dh
vko';drk iM+sA ;fn laHko gqvk rks rktsokyk czkt dks eksMhQkbZ
fd;k tk, vkSj mlds ij ,d cSjkt cuk fn;k tk;sA ;g
Nkuchu iatkc izkUr djsxkA
8- y[kokj vFkok ;equk uxj vkSj mlds ij vxj LVksjst
fjtoZok;j pkfg;s rks mkj izns'k ljdkj Nkuchu djsxhA
gLrk{kj
j.kchj flag
'kkafrLo:i
okbZ- ,l- ijekj
fxj/kkjh yky
ukFkwjke
uksV % mijksDr vuqokn dsoy lkadsfrd vuqokn gS] u fd v{kj'k%A bldk ewy
vaxszth Hkk"kk esa gS] tksfd vxys i`"B ij fn;k x;k gSA
80 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ewy vaxszth Hkk"kk esa MkV
Statement
YAMUNA DEVELOPMENT
It was unanimously agreed that :
Further waters available in Yamuna in excess of the existing
utilisations, should also be exploited in the best national interest.
For this purpose, it is considered best to contruct a dam
across Tons and another across Giri above confluence and if necessary its tributary Jalal.
Investigations and preparation of the Project Reports and
estimates for purpose of sanction and construction of the dam
across Tons will be done by the Uttar Pradesh engineers. They
may also associate the officers of the Himachal Pradesh.
Investigations and preparation of the Project Reports of the
dam onGiri will be done by Himachal Pradesh.
The States of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab,
Delhi and Rajasthan, have agreed, by common consent, to share
the cost and benefits of Kishau Dam. The States also requested
that this dam should be taken up immediately and completed as
early as possible.
The benefits on account of the Kishau Dam, will be shared
between the States, as will be agreed to at a latter conference.
The cost of the share will be worked out according the benefits.
The share will be in respect of water and in respect of the power
produced at the Kishau Dam site only. For the other power developments in Uttar Pradesh State, the cost will be borne by Uttar
Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh can develop Irrigation and Power
development projects upstream of the dam unaffected by the latter.
For effctive supply of water for existing irirgations, it will
become necessary to take suitable special measures when Giri
Dam also is built. This may require a balancing pond either by
modifications of the barrage at Tajewala, if possible, of a barrage
higher up. These investigations may be done by Punjab.
At Lakhwar or at a higher site across main Yamuna investigations may be done by Uttar Pradesh if any storage reservior
and any conservation on the main river is possible including silt
studies.
Sd/- Ranbir Singh
S/- Shanti Swaroop
Sd/- Y.S. Parmar
Sd/- Girdhari Lal
Sd/- Nathu Ram
82 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
izLrkfor cka/kksa dk vuqekfur js[kkfp=
Hkk[ kM+
kcka
/k
ifjp;
Hkk[kM+k MSe dh Ldhe dk 'kqHkkjaHk rks o"kZ 1924 bZLoh ls ekuk
tkrk gSA bl dk;Z dks fljs p<+kus ds fy, ml le; dh ljdkj
,M+h pksVh dk tksj yxk jgh FkhA Lora=rk izkfIr ds mijkar ;g
izkstsDV iatkc ljdkj dh egRoiw.kZ ;kstukvksa esa FkkA tc Hkkjr
Lora= gqvk rks Hkk[kM+k MSe ds izkstsDV dks iatkc izkUr ds uofufeZr
rhFkZ LFkkuksa dk ntkZ fn;k x;k FkkA bl izkstsDV dks ;wa rks fiNyh
'krkCnh ds rhljs n'kd esa 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA fQj nwljk fo'o;q)
'kq: gks x;k vkSj lu~ 1945 esa bl izkstsDV ij gLrk{kj dj fn,
x;s Fks rFkk Lora=rk izkfIr ds QkSju ckn bls vkjaHk dj fn;k x;k
Fkk vkSj bl ij jkr&fnu dke pykA bl izkstsDV dks jk"Vh; Lrj
ij izkFkfedrk nh xbZ Fkh vkSj jk"Vh; lEeku dk iz'u cukdj iwjk
fd;k x;k FkkA
Hkk[kM+k cka/k dks cukrs le; ;g la;ksx dh ckr gS fd bl
;kstuk dks QkbZuy djrs le; Hkh jksgrd ds gh jgus okys pkS/kjh
NksVwjke us gLrk{kj fd, Fks vkSj bldh tc Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h }kjk
uhao j[kh xbZ rc Hkh jksgrd ds gh liwr pkS/kjh ygjh flag bl
foHkkx ds ea=h Fks vkSj tc bldk jk"V dks leiZ.k gqvk rc Hkh 22
vDrwcj] 1963 dks jksgrd ds ohj liwr pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] flapkbZ
84 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ea=h ds in ij vklhu FksA jksgrd fuokfl;ksa ds fy, rks ;g ,d

egRoiw.kZ ckr gSA vktdy bldk lapkyu Hkk[kM+k&C;kl eSustesaV
cksMZ }kjk fd;k tk jgk gSA foLr`r tkudkjh ds fy, vkxs v/;k;
if<+,A
Hkk[kMk cka/k dk f"k fodkl ds {ks= esa cM+k egRo gSA pkS/kjh
j.kchj flag us vius llanh; thou ds vkjEHk esa gh le> fy;k Fkk
vkSj fofHkUu lnuksa esa cksyrs gq, bldks tYnh iwjus ij cy fn;kA
bldk fooj.k bl v/;k; esa ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA
Hkk[kM+k cka/k / 85
Hkk[kM+k cka/k
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us Hkk[kM+k cka/k dk ft cpiu esa gh lqu
fy;k FkkA mUgha ds 'kCnksa esa %
^^v/;{k egksn;] Hkk[kM+k MSe dk uke geus rc ls lquuk 'kq:

fd;k Fkk] tcfd ge NksVs&NksVs cPps Fks vkSj tSls rSls cM+s gksrs x;s]
R;ksa&R;ksa mldk uke vkSj ft Hkh c<+rk x;kA vkSj tc ns'k
vktkn gqvk rks Hkk[kM+k MSe cuus dk LoIu dqN iwjk gksrk fn[kkbZ
nsus yxk vkSj ;g vk'kk gksus yxh fd ftl ckr dks vkt rd ge
lqurs vk, gSa] og vey esa vk,xhA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk
1957&62] 10 flrEcj] 1959] i`"B 7603A
blfy, os Hkk[kM+k cka/k dks iwjk gksrk ns[kuk pkgrs FksA Hkk[kM+k
ls lacaf/kr nLrkostksa esa jk; cgknqj daoj lsu tks Vksgkuk Qrsgkckn
ds jgus okys Fks] dk uke Hkh tqM+k gqvk gSA laHkor% esu Hkk[kM+k dk
lekiu Hkh blhfy, Vksgkuk esa gh gqvk gSA ;wa rks 1939 esa Hkk[kM+k
cka/k dk dke tYnh fljs p<+kus ds fy, Jh [kkslyk dks bl
ifj;kstuk dk dke lkSai fn;k x;k Fkk rFkk mUgsa phQ bathfu;j Hkh
cuk fn;k x;k FkkA
;fn vki vkjEHk ls ns[ksaxs rks vkidks izkjafHkd fnuksa dh ckr
;kn djuh gksxhA tc Hkk[kM+k MSe dk uke 'kq: gqvk Fkk rks ml
oDr blds eqrkfcd 1947 ls iwoZ dk iatkc ysftLysfVo dkSafly
86 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
esa ppkZ gqbZ Fkh vkSj cgl gqbZ FkhA mldks vxj i<+k tk;s rks vki
ik;saxs fd ml oDr ;g ekuk Fkk fd iatkc dk tuwch nf{k.kh
fgLlk] ftldks mu fnuksa fgUnh jhtu dgrs Fks vkSj tks nwljk lw[kk
bykdk Fkk] mldks falapkbZ djus ds fy, lryqt ds vUnj ,d MSe
cuk;k tk,xk] rkfd ml bykds dks [kq'kgky cuk;k tk ldsA tc
fgUnqLrku vktkn gqvk] tSls fd vki tkurs gSa fd MSekssfVd
flLVe ds vUnj dbZ fdLe ds ncko iM+rs gSa vkSj tks og ncko
;gka ij Hkh iM+us 'kq: gks x;s] ml MSe dh apkbZ dks Hkh cnyk vkSj
nwljs bykds flapkbZ djus okys MSe ij fopkj Hkh fd;k x;kA og
Hkh dsoy ,d frgkbZ ikuh gh jg x;k FkkA ckdh nks fgLls dk ikuh
iatkc ds nwljs bykdksa dks fn;k x;kA
Hkkjr tc x.kra= cu x;k vkSj izFke laln dk vf/kos'ku
vkjaHk gqvk rks dk;ns ds vuqlkj izFke jk"Vifr Mk- jktsUnz izlkn
us lacksf/kr fd;k FkkA
jk"Vifr ds vfHkHkk"k.k ds mijkar cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq,
pkS/kjh lkgc us crk;k Fkk fd fiNys fnuksa Hkk[kM+k MSe ds ckjs esa
iatkc xoZuesaV ds vf/kdkjh vkSj ea=h ;gka ij fnYyh vk, Fks vkSj
mUgksaus pkSng djksM+ :i;s ekaxs FksA ugha rks cka/k dh rjDdh esa
ck/kk iM+sxh vkSj rsth ls ugha cu ik,xk] ftl rsth ls cukuk pkgrs
gSaA ;fn nsjh gqbZ rks buys'ku rks c<+sxk gh] Hkk[kM+k cka/k Hkh nsjh ls
cusxk vkSj ikuh tYnh ugha vk,xk vkSj vkids vukt dh deh dh
leL;k tYnh nwj ugha gksxh] ftlls vkius 133&140 djksM+ :i;s
lkykuk cpk;s tk ldsaxsA ftl iSls dks nwljs m|ksxksa esa yxk
ldsaxsA vUrfje laln 1950&52 esa Hkk"k.k] 1 Qjojh] 1950] i`"B 75A
ekpZ] 1955 esa fMek.M MkV dh cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, mUgksaus
Hkk[kM+k cka/k / 87
Hkk[kM+k cka/k dk ft fd;k Fkk fd ns'k dh rjDdh dh jkg esa dkaVs

gSa vkSj Hkkjr ds vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa dh le> ij dVk{k fd;k FkkA mUgksaus
dgk Fkk] ^êq>s og tekuk ;kn gS fd tc gekjs Hkk[kM+k cka/k ds
dke dks blfy, jksd fn;k x;k Fkk fd fgUnqLrku ds vFkZfoKku ds
tkuus okyksa dh jk; Fkh fd vxj :i;k c<+k;k x;k rks ns'k ds
vUnj rckgh vk tk,xhA esjh le> esa ;g ugha vkrk fd Hkk[kM+k
MSe ds cuus ls rckgh vk,xh] fd rjDdh gksxh\** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 24 ekpZ] 1955] i`"B 3217
vki ges'kk cgcwnh ds fy, cksyrs FksA Hkk[kM+k izkstsDV ij dke

tksjksa ls pkyw Fkk rks yksdlHkk esa fMek.M Qksj xzkUV ds fo"k; ij
ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius Hkk[kM+k ds loky dks ugha NksM+k Fkk vkSj
dgk Fkk fd]
^^vkids vkSj gekjs bykds esa Hkk[kM+k uaxy Ldhe rdjhcu

eqDdey gksus okyh gSA vki tkurs gSa fd ;g lryqt unh dk ikuh
cgqr ls 'kgjksa vkSj xko dks rckg fd;k djrk Fkk] ysfdu tks
Hkk[kM+k uaxy MSe cuk gS] mlls cgqr ls 'kgj o xko rckgh ls
cpsaxs vkSj oks yksx Hkh cpsaxs] tksfd eqYd dh tehu ls dksbZ rkYyqd
ugha j[krs gSaA ,slh gkyr esa ;s reke dk reke :i;k vkf[kj esa
cSVjeSaV Qhl dh 'kDy esa fdlkuksa ls gh D;ksa fy;k tk,] mldk
dqN fgLlk QyM daVksy ;k fdlh nwljs uke ls ys ysosa\ cSVjeSaV
Qhl fdlkuksa dh gSA blfy, ykHk ds vuqikr ls ykbZ tkuh pkfg,A
** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 24 ekpZ] 1955] i`"B 3217
o"kZ 1956 esa LVsV jhvkxsZukbts'ku deh'ku cuk Fkk] ftlds
fy, LVsV jhvkxsZukbZts'ku fcy] 1956 ikl fd;k x;k FkkA bl
flyflys esa vkius gfj;k.kk ds mu fiNM+s ftyksa ds ikuh ds fo"k;
88 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
esa Hkk[kM+k MSe dk ft fd;k Fkk vkSj dgk Fkk %
^^lHkkifr egksn;] vkidks irk gS fd Hkk[kM+k MSe ftldk

fd vkt nqfu;k ds vUnj cM+k 'kksj gS] eSa iwNrk gw fd ;g 'kq: esa
tks Hkk[kM+k MSe dh tks Ldhe Fkh og fdldh HkykbZ ds fy, fudkyh
xbZ Fkh vkSj vkt mldh D;k 'kDy gS\ D;k ;g lR; ugha gS fd
reke dk reke ikuh gfj;k.kk ds bykdksa dks nsus ds fy, bl Ldhe
dk tUe gqvk FkkA ysfdu] vkt ge ns[k jgs gSa fd djhc vk/kk ikuh
gfj;k.kk ds bykds ls ckgj tk;sxkA vkf[kj bldk D;k dkj.k gS\
bldk dkj.k lkQ ;g ekywe iM+rk gS fd D;ksafd gekjs bykds ds
yksx lnk ls ncs jgs gSa vkSj mudh dksbZ vkokt ugha Fkh vkSj mudh
ckr dks dksbZ lquus dks rS;kj ugha FkkA blfy, ;g pht dh xbZA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 25 viSzy] 1956] i`"B 6406
'kwxj ,DliksVZ dksjiksjs'ku vkfMZusal ,.M 'kqxj bEiksVZ izkseks'ku

fcy ij laln esa cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, Hkk[kM+k cka/k dh vgfe;r
ds fo"k; esa dgk Fkk %
^^vdsys Hkk[kM+k MSe ij flapkbZ c<+kus ds fy, 120 djksM+

:i;k yx tk,xkA dqnjr dh ckr gS fd vki [ksr esa ftruk
yxkuk pkgsa yxk ysa] mruk gh mlds eqrkfcd vkidks feysxkA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 26 vxLr] 1958] i`"B 3010
tgka ij dHkh Hkk[kM+k MSe dk ft vkrk Fkk rks pkS/kjh

lkfgc pwdrs ugha FksA mUgksaus fons'k ds [kpsZ ckjs fpark FkhA ns'k esa
py jgs izkstsDV Hkh /kheh pky ls py jgs FksA blfy, yksdlHkk esa
Hkk"k.k nsrs le; dgk Fkk %
^^bl ns'k ds vUnj lcls cM+k dke vki tkurs gSa fd

gekjh LVsV iatkc esa gks jgk FkkA ,d izkstsDV gS] ftldk uke
Hkk[kM+k cka/k / 89
Hkk[kM+k MSe gS] og 140 djksM+ ls 'kq: gqvk Fkk vkSj vc 170 djksM+
rd igqap x;k gSA blh izdkj ls izkstsDVksa ds [kpsZ nqxus rd gks
tkrs gSaA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62 24 uoEcj] 1958]
i`"B 1325
LiyheSaVjh ekaxksa ds fo"k; esa cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, [kpsZ ds
fo"k; esa fpafrr pkS/kjh lkgc us laln esa loky mBk;k Fkk fd
vf/kd [kpsZ dh ekax dh xbZ gSA vkius dgk Fkk %
^êq>s fMek.M ua- 69 o 70 ds ckjs esa dqN vtZ djuk gSA bl

fMek.M esa lryqt O;kl vkSj jkoh ds ikuh ds bartke ds flyflys
esa tks Msyhxs'ku x, gSa] muds [kpsZ dh ekax dh xbZ gSA D;ksafd ;g
,d varjkZ"Vh; ekeyk gSA blfy, ;g gkyr gS fd vxj iatkc dks
bu ufn;ksa ds ikuh ds caVokjs ds ckjs esa dqN uqdlku gksus dh Hkh
laHkkouk gks rks Hkh og bldks izdV djus ls Mjrk gSA** lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62 23 Qjojh] 1959] i`"B 2491
[kpsZ ds fo"k; dks gh vkxs c<+krs gq, vkius lq>ko fn;k

tksfd vke turk dh tkudkjh gsrq FkkA vkius bl izdkj dgk
Fkk %
^^dsUnzh; ljdkj dh fefuLVjh vkWQ bjhxs'ku ,.M ikoj us

,d iEQysV Niokuk pkfg,] ftlesa ugjh ikuh ds vkus dh lkjh
dgkuh fy[kh gks vkSj lkjs okd~;kr ntZ gksaA ftlesa crk;k tk;s fd
fdl rjg ls igys ikfdLrku ds iatkc esa vkSj fgUnqLrku ds iatkc
ds chp esa bl ckjs esa QSlyk gqvk Fkk] og D;k Fkk vkSj blds ckn
oYMZ cSad ds bl >xM+s ds chp esa vkus ds ckn D;k gqvk vkSj vc
D;k iksth'ku gS\** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 23 Qjojh]
1959] i`"B 2492
90 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
vkxs pydj vkius Hkk[kM+k MSe ds ikuh ds caVokjs ds ckjs

esa cM+s O;fFkr g`n; ls dgk Fkk fd %
^êq>s ;g ns[kdj cM+k nq[k gksrk gS fd fnYyh ls gqDe pyrk

gS fd Hkk[kM+k cka/k esa tks ikuh bDdBk fd;k x;k gS] mldks lryqt
esa ikfdLrku ds bLrseky ds fy, Mky fn;k tk;s] pkgs vius
iatkc dh ugjksa ds fy, ikuh dkQh gks ;k u gks\ bldh otg ;g
gS fd b/kj&m/kj ls baVjus'kuy ncko iM+rs gSaA gky gh esa tks
QSlyk gqvk] mlds rgr bu rhuksa nfj;kvksa dk ikuh fgUnqLrku dks
feyuk FkkA oYMZ cSad us dgk fd tgka [kM+s gSa] ogha [kM+s jg tk;sa
vkSj mlds ckn tc ikfdLrku okys ml le>kSrs ls cSd dj x,]
mlds ckn gh gesa rjDdh djus ls dbZ nQk jksdk tkrk gSA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 23 Qjojh] 1959] i`"B 2492
vkius laln ds blh l= esa fQj ls ekax dh fd turk dks

lwfpr fd;k tkuk pkfg, iEiysV Niokdj &iSlksa ds cankscLr ckjs
lwfpr fd;k tk,] rkfd iatkc ljdkj O;kl] jkoh vkSj lryqt ds
ikuh dk bartke dj ldsA vkius crk;k %
^^vki tkurs gSa fd ikfdLrku ljdkj d'ehj oxSjg nwljs

>xM+ksa esa vnyrh&cnyrh jgrh gSA blh rjg ls ikuh ds >xM+s esa
Hkh vnyrh cnyrh jgrh gSA ftruk tYnh ge T;knk ls T;knk
:i;k fnyk ldsaxs] mruk gh tYnh ge bl elys dk gy djk
ldsaxsA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 23 Qjojh] 1959] i`"B
2492
jsyos ctV dh fMek.Ml Qksj xzkUVl 1959 dh ckcr py

jgh cgl esa ml izLrko dk leFkZu djrs gq, vkius [kpkZ de djus
Hkk[kM+k cka/k / 91
ds fy, Hkk[kM+k ds nwljs ikWoj gkl dh ;kn fnykbZ Fkh vkSj dgk
Fkk fd] ^
^blds fy, eSa ;g Hkh ekurk gw fd tks Hkk[kM+k MSe dk tks

nwljk ikWoj gkl gS] mldk cuuk cgqr t:jh gSA mldk tYnh
ls tYnh cuuk jsyos ds fgr dh ckr gSA blfy, eSa pkgwaxk fd Jh
txthou jke [kkl rkSjij Iykfuax deh'ku dks eukosa fd Hkk[kM+k
MSe dk tks nwljk ikWoj gkl gS] og lSfd.M QkbZo bZ;j Iyku esa
gh cusA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 5 ekpZ 1959] i`"B
4537
fMek.M Qksj xzkaV ij cgl ds nkSjku Hkk[kM+k dks iwjk gksus

ds fnuksa esa vkius dgk Fkk %
^^vki tkurs gSa fd ;g lky bl rjg ls iatkc ds bfrgkl

esa ,d cgqr vg~e lky gksxk] tksfd vkt ls 14&15 lky igys
1946 esa tks dke 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk] Hkk[kM+k MSe dk og 1961 esa
eqdDey gks tk,xkA fnlEcj] 1960 rd Hkk[kM+k MSe ds ij 152
djksM+ :i;s ls T;knk [kpZ gks pqdk gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh
yksdlHkk 1957&62] 30 ekpZ] 1961] i`"B 8331
o"kZ 1949 esa lafo/kku lHkk fo/kk;h esa vko';d vkiwfrZ

fo/ks;d ij cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, fdlkuksa }kjk dikl iSnk djus ds
elys ij fopkj djrs gq, vkius fQj ls Hkk[kM+k MSe dks 'kh?kz iwjk
djus dh ckr ij tksj fn;k Fkk vkSj dgk Fkk %
^êSa vkils iwNuk pkgrk gw fd vki pkgrs gSa fd ns'k esa

diM+k vkSj vukt cgqr T;knk gksA blfy, lcls igys ;g t:jh
gS fd iatkc esa Hkk[kM+k cka/k dks iwjk fd;k tk,A dy Hkh eSaus bl
92 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ckjs esa ft fd;k Fkk fd bldk cuuk cgqr t:jh gSA ogka ij
lqjax [kksnh tk pqdh gS vkSj og rS;kj Hkh gks xbZ gSA vxj iatkc
ljdkj dks :i;k ugha fn;k x;k rks bl ckr dk cgqr [krjk gS
fd vxys ekSle esa og Vuy QV u tk, vkSj vxj ;g Vuy QV
x bZr kscka
/ k d Hkh ughacu l d r k gS
A**lafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag]
2 fnlEcj] 1949] i`"B 168
o"kZ 1949 bZLoh esa lafo/kku lHkk fo/kk;h esa iz'uksrj dky
esa Je] [kku o tkZ ea=h ls iz'u fd;k Fkk fd Hkk[kM+k cka/k rFkk
ukaxy ifj;kstuk ,d ls vf/kd LVsVksa dks izHkkfor djsxkA mkj
feyk Fkk fd %
^^;g lR; gS fd Hkk[kM+k cka/k rFkk ukaxy ifj;kstuk dk

fodkl ,d ls vf/kd izns'k ,oa jkT;ksa iwohZ iatkc] ifV;kyk o iwohZ
iatkc izns'k rFkk chdkusj dks izHkkfor djsxk vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj iwohZ
iatkc ljdkj rFkk vU; ljdkjksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa dk ,d fuxe
cukus ij fopkj djsxh] tks bl dk;Z esa fodkl ,oa ns[kjs[k dk;Z
djsaxsA ;|fi bldk QSlyk varjkZ"Vh; Lrj ij gksxkA** lafo/kku
lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] 25 flrEcj] 1949] i`"B265
Hkk[kM+k cka/k / 93
6 t hou' kS
yhdkcpko
ifjp;
mkj Hkkjr dqN ek;uksa esa ns'k ds vU; Hkkxksa ls fHkUu
thou'kSyh dk isjksdkj jgk gSA mldh rgthc mlds fdlkuh is'ks
esa <yh gqbZ gSA czfud (Brahmanic) iqjksfgriaFkh jhfr&fjoktksa ls
;g {ks= yEcs le; ls loZFkk eqDr FkkA mlds jhfr&fjokt blhfy,
vyx fdLe ds jgs gSaA rgthc dk ;s QdZ iqjksfgr i{k dks [kyrk
Hkh jgk gSA lkk ds cy ij bls iyVus ds vusd iz;kl Hkh gksrs jgs
gSaA LorU= ns'k gksus ds ckn ,slk gh dqN iz;kl fganw dksM fcy ds
tfj;s gqvk Fkk] ftls vUrfje laln esa is'k fd;k x;k FkkA
igys ds [k.Mksa esas ;g ns[k pqds gSa fd pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
vius eu dh ckr csfgpd dgus esa vf}rh; FksA fuMj vkSj csckdA
lafo/kku lHkk esa vkSj ckn esa nwljs lnuksa esa Hkh ,sls cgqr volj vk,
tc fnXxt usrkvksa dh gktjh esa mUgksaus vki chrh dgus esa jkhHkj
ladksp ugha fn[kk;k] Hkys og fdlh dks ilan vk,] u vk,A blesa
mudk csckdhiu vf/kd >ydrk gSA
bldk ,d nwljk i{k Hkh gSA og dky Hkkjr esa turU= dk
vkjfEHkd nkSj dk FkkA ml le; rd jkt dh jLlkd'kh bruh ugha
f[kaph Fkh fd fopkj fHkUurk dks cSj dh n`f"V ls ns[kk tkrkA foijhr
er dh dqN gn rd dnz djus rFkk lgu'khyrk dk nkSj mls dg
94 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ldrs gSaA vly esa ;g le> turU= dh vkRek gS] ftls ckn esa
lkk dh jLlkd'kh bldks efy;kesV dj nsrh gSA turU= dh bl
le> dks xzg.k djuk ,d riL;k gSA NksVh lh mez esa gh pkS/kjh
lkfgc us turU= ds bl lkj dks vkRelkr dj lafo/kku lHkk esa
[kqydj iz;ksx fd;k vkSj ckn esa vU; lnuksa esa Hkh muadk ;g y{k.k
ns[kus dks feyrk gSA mUgkasus vius eu dh ckr dks [kqy dj dgus
ds vf/kdkj dk iz;ksx fd;kA tuizfrfuf/k dh ;g ftEesnkjh Hkh
curh gS] rkfd lp lkeus vk,A
22 flrEcj] 1951 dks vUrfje laln esa fganw dksM+ ij cgl
py jgh Fkh dqN lnL;ksa us vius la'kks/ku Hkh fn, gq, FksA bl fcsy
ij cksyrs gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us tks csckdh fn[kkbZ vkSj gfj;k.kk
{ks= dh viuh rgthc dks ftl vankt esa j[kk og muds fdlkuhiu
dh cstksM felky gSA
/ 95
fgU
nw
dks
M
vUrfje laln esa dksM fcy is'k gqvkA mlij pyh cgl esa
22 flrEcj] 1951 dks fgLlk ysrs gq, mUgksaus lnu ds lkeus viuh
ckr dqN bl vankt esa j[kh%
^êSa iafMr Bkdqj nkl HkkxZo dss la'kks/ku uEcj 420 vkSj HkV~V
th ds la'kks/ku uacj 288 dk leFkZu djus ds fy;s [kM+k gqvk gwA
HkV~V th dk vius la'kks/ku ls vk'k; gS fd tks jhfr ;k fjokt gSa]
og vxj dghsa vkids bl fgUnw dksM fcy ls VDdj [kkrs gSa] rks ml
VDdj dks ,d ne ls ;g ugha eku ysuk pkfg;s fd fjokt [kRe
gqvk] cfYd nl lky rd mls thou ns fn;k tk;s vkSj nl lky
ds ckn mls [kRe eku ysuk pkfg;sA iafMr Bkdqj nkl HkkxZo ds
la'kks/ku uEcj 420 dk ;g vk'k; gS fd ftrus Hkh fjokt gksa] tks
fgUnw dksM fcy ds eqrkfcd gksa] mudks [kRe eku ysuk pkfg;s vkSj
tks fjokt muds vykok ckdh jgrs gSa] mudh rkdr dks ;k mudh
dkuwuh rkdr dks ftUnk jgus fn;k tk;sA
esjs yk;d nksLr ikaMs th us ftl rjg ls dgk] eSa ekurk gw
;g ckr lgh gS vkSj og cM+h larks"k fnykus okyh ckr gS fd %
fgUnw dksM fcy dk tks vlyh vk'k; Fkk] og le>k tkrk Fkk
fd ;g fgUnw dksM fcy ns'k ds vUnj dqN lq/kkj djus ds fy;s ;k
lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy;s] muesa rcnhyh djus ds
96 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
fy;s] yk;k tk jgk gSA bl fcy dk vlj fdrus vknfe;ksa ds ij

iM+s] ;g lkspus okyh ckr gSA tSlk fd mUgksaus dgk] eSa rks bls
vukf/kdkj ps"Vk ekurk gw fd bl rjg fiNys njokts ls bl ns'k
ds mu vknfe;ksa ij ftu ij fgUnw dksM fcy vHkh rd ykxw ugha
gS] mudks tcjnLrh blesa Qkalk tk jgk gSA**
,d lnL;] Jh ,-lh-'kqDyk ds Vksdus ij mUgksaus iwNk fd og
dksbZ lcwr nsa fd iatkc ds fdlh HkkbZ us vkt rd pkgs og fgUnw
tkfr dk jgk gks] flD[k tkfr dk jgk gks] ;k eqlyeku tkfr dk
jgk gks] ,d vkneh us Hkh dHkh bl vkokt dks cqyUn fd;k gks fd
gekjs dLVejh dkuwu gS] mldks gVk fn;k tk;A mldh txg gesa
euq dk dkuwu] ;k ;kKoYD; ;k vkSj fdlh dk dkuwu gesa nhft;s\
bl ij Jh ,-lh-'kqDyk us dg fn;k fd tc i<+ fy[k tk;saxs
rks mlds fy;s ekax djsaxs rks rqjUr pkS/kjh lkfgc us Vdk lk tokc
nsrs gq, crk;k fd gekjs ekuuh; 'kqDyk th dks ekywe ugha gS fd
gekjs iatkc izkUr esa dSls xfr'khy vkneh gq, gSa] ftUgksaus ns'k dh
rkdr dks pSysat fd;k gS] tksfd eSa mudk leFkZd ugha gwA
mUgksaus dgk fd êSa ,dy iRuh dk leFkZd gw vkSj pkgrk gw
fd fdUgh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa rykd dh O;oLFkk Hkh vo'; jguh
pkfg;s] rkfd tc L=h] iq:"k nksuksa dks ,d lkFk jgus ls rdyhQ
gksrh gS] rks mUgsa ml rdyhQ ls cpkus ds fy;s dksbZ u dksbZ <+ax
;k jkLrk fudkyuk pkfg;sA fdUrq dksM fcy ds tfj;s tks djus dk
bjknk gS mlij mudk Li"V er Fkk fd%
^êSa ;g dgs cxSj ugha jg ldrk fd ;g ps"Vk vukf/kdkj

ps"Vk gSA D;ksafd] fgUnw dksM fcy ls gekjk vk'k; gksuk pkfg;s Fkk
fd bl fcy ls tks lapkfyr gksrs gSa] mUgha ij ;g ykxw fd;k tk;sA
/ 97
dksM fcy dks ysdj tks cgl pyh mlij viuk {kksHk izdV
djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk fd ;g esjh cnfdLerh gS fd tc ls ;g
fgUnw dksM fcy dk loky vk;k] dbZ eghuksa pyk vkSj dbZ fnu
blds ij yxk;s x;sA eSaus ml oDr cgqr dksf'k'k dh fd eq>s
ikap feuV feysa rks dqN ml ij vius fopkj izdV d:aA ysfdu]
ekSdk ugha feykA os O;xz Fks fd brus egRoiw.kZ loky ij dqN dgsaA
cgl dks lgh ifjiss{; esa ykus ds fy, mUgksaus crk;k fd ;g
cnfdLerh dh ckr gS fd gekjs eku lkgc cksys rks og flD[k
/keZ esa Qal x;s] ctk;s blds fd lgh ckr ij vkrsA ysfdu] mUgksaus
'kk;n ,slk le>k fd bl rjg mudh ckr tksjnkj gks tk;sxh ;k
fWQj muds eu esa vkSj dksbZ dkj.k jgk gksxkA cgjgky eSa le>rk
gw fd ;g flD[k /keZ dk iz'u ugha gSA ;g iatkc izkUr Hkj ds
dLVejh dkuwu dk iz'u gSA
pkS/kjh lkfgc us ml i`"BHkwfe dks mdsjrs gq, fof/k eU=h
MkDVj vEcsndj lkfgc dks eq[kkfrc gksrs gq, dgk fd%
^êSa fuosnu djuk pkgrk gw fd ns'k ds vUnj ,sls le; esa
tcfd czgkzfud dk;ns dkuwuksa us lkjs ns'k vkSj lekt ds jgu&lgu
vkSj jhfr fjoktksa dks vius iats esa cka/k j[kk Fkk fd lkseokj dks ugha
tk ldrs] eaxyokj dks ugha tk ldrs vkSj 'kfuokj dks ugha tk
ldrs] ,sls le; esa eSa MkDVj lkgc dks crykuk pkgrk gw fd
iatkc dh ek'kZy tkV tkfr us] ftl tkfr ls eSa vkSj ljnkj cynso
flag] rkYyqd j[krs gSa] ml tkV tkfr us vkt rd ml czgkzfud
:y ds lkeus flj ugha >qdk;kA eSa fuosnu djuk pkgrk gw fd
vkidh tks ;g nks phtsa ,dy iRuh vkSj rykd gSa] muds fy;s
okLro esa gekjs lekt esa dksbZ T;knk fojks/k ugha gSA esjk Hkh bu
98 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
nksuksa ls dksbZ fojks/k ugha gSA ysfdu] tks vkidk ;g <+ax vkSj rjhdk
gS] mlls t:j fojks/k gSA vkt ftl rjhds ls ftl cSd Mksj ls ;g
fcy c<+k gS] og dksbZ cgqr vPNk <+ax ugha gSA
;g ckr ugha gS fd eSa vius vkidks xSj fgUnw ekurk gwA ;g
t:j ekurk gwA ysfdu] ;g lp ckr gS fd ge yksx dHkh fgUnw
dksM ls lapkfyr ugha gq,A og gekjs ij dHkh ykxw ugha gqvkA
mUgksaus csckd dgk %
^^vkidk ;g fopkj fd ftu yksxksa dks vki vHkh rd fnekxh
rkSj ij xqyke ugha dj ik;s Fks] mudks vki ;g le>rs gSa fd
fiNys njokts ls xqyke dj ysaxs rks eq>s blesa iwjk 'kd gSA* ;g
tks vki 'kknh&foPNsn ds ckjs esa jhfr&fjokt ds ij dk;ns
dkuwu cukus tk jgs gSa] blesa Hkh gesa cgqr dqN erHksn gSaA bl
flyflys esa eSa ,d ckr crykuk pkgrk gw fd fgUnqLrku ds fgUnw
lekt ds vUnj fo/kok ds izfr nnZ ds uke ij cgqr lkjs lekt
lq/kkjdksa us ml fn'kk esa cM+h mUufr;ka dh gSaA ysfdu] cnfdLerh
ls gekjs lekt ds vUnj lnk ls ukStoku fo/kok vKkr jgh gSaA
gekjs lekt ds vUnj ukStoku fo/kok dk uke ugha gksrkA
gekjs ;gka ;g fjokt gS fd ftl le; fdlh cfgu dk

ifr ej tkrk gS rks mlds ifr ds ejus ds ,d lky ckn] nksuksa
rjQ ds HkkbZ] tks ml cgu ds ifjtu vkSj HkkbZ gksrs gSa] og Hkh
bDDBk gksrs gSa vkSj tks HkkbZ ej tkrk gS] mldh rjQ ds yksx Hkh
;kuh muds ifjtu vkSj HkkbZ Hkh bDDBk gksrs gSaA ogka ij ;g QSlyk
fd;k tkrk gS fd pkgs ml cgu dks FkksM+h cgqr 'keZ vkrh gks] tSlk
fgUnw lekt esa lkjh txgksa ij gksrk gS] oSls gh gekjs ;gka Hkh FkksM+h
'keZ gksrh gSA vxj og bUdkj dj ns vkSj dg ns fd tks nq%[k
/ 99
Hkxoku us eq>s fn;k gS] og nq%[k eSa gh dkVwaxhA ysfdu] mldh

cukoVh bPNk ds fo:) Hkh mls etcwj fd;k tkuk ;g eqefdu
ugha gSA ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd mldk vkn'kZ vPNk gSA ysfdu]
fdrus vkneh gSa tks brus aps vkn'kZ ij py ldrs gSa\ blds ij
gekjs lekt esa 'kd gS fd vki bl lekt ds vUnj ;g cgqr apk
vkn'kZ dk;e djus tk jgs gSa] blls gekjs lekt esa dgha [kjkch u
iSnk gks] blfy;s bl rdyhQ dks] vki bls rdyhQ ekusa ;k tks
Hkh ekusaA bl ckr dks eku fy;k tk;s fd tks diM+k ge Mkyrs gSa]
;kuh ge fdlh ds lqiqnZ djrs gSa] fookg djrs gSa] vklku rjhds ls]
mldk uk'k u fd;k tk;A blfy;s eSa HkV~V lkgc dh ckr dh
rkbZn djuk pkgrk FkkA vc eSa blds dkj.k dh rjQ vk jgk gwA
,d rjQ rks tgka vkidk dk;nk dkuwu gS] fd cguksa dh
ijs'kkfu;ksa dks gYdk fd;k tk;sA ftUgsa cgqr gn rd gYdk fd;k
HkhA ogka gekjh cguksa dh ijs'kkfu;ksa dks vkSj rdyhQ nsg cuk;k
x;k gSA og blfy;s fd vkius mudks ,d rjQ ls gd ns fn;k
fd og tgka pkgsa 'kknh dj ysaA oSls Hkh ;g gksxk fd vxj dksbZ
xM+cM+h u gks rks vklkuh ls fjokt iM+ tk;sxk fd og nwljh txg
'kknh dj ldsA ysfdu] vki bldks D;ksa Mkyrs gSa\ tks yksx
f}fookg gksrs gSa rks mudh ethZ ls ugha gksrk] cfYd ncko esa etcwjh
ls gksrk gSA tks HkkbZ ej tkrk gS] mlds nwljs HkkbZ dks viuh bPNk
ds fo:) Hkh f}fookg ds fjokt dks ekuuk iM+rk gSA
Jherh nhf{kr % eSa vkils ,d ckr iwNuk pkgrh gw fd D;k
;g pht lgh gS fd ,d L=h gS] mlds pkj&Ng cPps gSa] mldh
Hkkot gS] mlds pkj&Ng cPps gSa] mu lcdks bDdBk dj fn;k
tk; vkSj lkSriu jgrk gS] mlls muesa la?k"kZ ugha gksrk\ D;k ;g
fl)kUr vU;k; ugha gS fd ,d L=h dks mldh bPNk ds fo:) Hkh
100 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
etcwj fd;k tk; fd og nwljs vkneh ls 'kknh djs\

loky ds tokc esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us Li"V fd;k fd
iquZfookg ls vkidk eryc gS rks eSa dgwaxk fd ughaA iquZfookg Hkh
rHkh gks ldrk gS] ftls tkCrs esa lekt djsA ysfdu] cgqr lh cgusa
,slh gksrh gSa tks bls tkfgj ugha dj ldrhaA L=h dks ejs tgka 13
;k 14 fnu gq,] vkneh ;g tkfgj dj nsrk gSA ysfdu] cgusa ,slk
ugha dj ldrhaA D;ksafd tSlk gekjk lekt cuk gS] mlesa ,slk gks
gh ugha ldrkA mls cnyus ds fy, dkQh le; pkfg;s FkkA
ysfdu] vxj mudh ea'kk ;g Fkh fd ,d HkkbZ gS] mlds nks rhu
cPps gSa] ,d mldh choh gS] nwljk HkkbZ ejus okyk gS] mlds Hkh nks
rhu cPps gSa] choh gSA vxj mu yksxksa dks bDdBk dj fn;k tk;sxk
rks mlls eqf'dy gksxh] fnDdr gksxhA vxj] og ;g iwNuk pkgrh
gSa rks eSa bldh rjQ Hkh vk jgk gwA eSa ekurk gw fd dksbZ vkneh
jkth ls nwljk fookg ugha djrk] ,d cgu Hkh etcwj gksrh gSA
D;kasfd] ,d rjQ rks mls cPpksa dk I;kj gS] og mudks NksM+ ugha
ldrhA nks&rhu cPps gSa] vkf[kj dgka tk;sa\ og ;g Hkh ugha dg
ldrh fd esjh iquZfookg djus dh bPNk gSA ?kj ds nwljs yksx Hkh
mu cPpksa dks NksM+ ugha ldrsA loky ;g iSnk gksrk gS fd og
vius cPpksa dks vius lkFk ys tk;sA ysfdu] ;g gekjs lekt dk
fjokt gSA esjh le> esa vki dksbZ Hkh dkuwu cuk;sa] vki bls ugha
cny ldrsA ;g dksbZ fnYyxh dh pht ugha gSA og Lo;a bldks
cny ldrs gSaA ysfdu] vki [kqn vkt bldks ugha cny ldrsA
gekjs ;gka ,d vkSj izFkk gSA ;g viuk fo'okl gS fd ,d
[kkunku ftlds cPps gSa] mldk ukyk;d ls ukyk;d vkneh Hkh
vius cPpksa dks nwljs [kkunku esa ugha tkus nsrk gSA blds foijhr
/ 101
dksbZ vkneh bldh ps"Vk Hkh djs rks mldh ltk gekjs ;gka cM+h
dM+h gS] vkt HkhA pkgs vki dg yhft;s fd gekjk lekt fiNM+k
gqvk gSA mldk lq/kkjuk Hkh cM+h fnDdr dk dke gSA ysfdu] bl
rjg dh ckr dk urhtk gekjs ;gka vc Hkh dRy gSA vxj vki ;g
pkgrs gSa fd gekjs lekt ds vUnj dRy o xkjr dh rknkn T;knk
c<+sA igys ls gh iatkc dRy o xkjr ds fy;s T;knk cnuke gSA
ogka dkQh vkneh bl rjg ds dRy ds flyflys esa Qkalh p<+rs gSaA
rks] vxj vki mudh rknkn c<+kuk pkgrs gSa rks cs'kd ,d ne ls
tks dk;nk dkuwu pkgs ykxw dj nsaA--eSa ;g crk jgk Fkk fd blds vUnj D;k gS fd og cgu ;k
rks bl ckr ij etcwj gksxh fd reke mez fo/kok cuh jgs] tSlk fd
mlds lekt esa vc ls igys dHkh ugha FkkA vxj mls vius cPpksa
ls I;kj gSA vxj cPpksa ls I;kj ugha gS rks vius cPpksa dks pksjh
fNikdj jkr dks mBkdj dghaa ys tk;sA vxj dksbZ fgEer okyk
balku fey x;k vkSj mlus dgk fd pyks esjs lkFk eSa ns[k ywaxk
nwljksa dks] rks mldk urhtk D;k gksxk\ og nqckjk fo/kok gksxh] ;k
mldk enZ Qkalh ij p<+sxkA fdlh lwjr esa mldk lkSHkkX; dk;e
ugha jg ldrkA ;g oSls rks dkQh cM+h ckr gS vkSj Mjkouh ckr
gSA ysfdu] ,d lPph ckr gSA
blds ckn lxks= fookg dh ckr gSA fdrus HkkbZ gSa vkSj
fdruh cgus gSa] tks 'kgjksa esa jgrh gaS\ eSa crkuk pkgrk gw fd esjh
bl fgUnw dksM fcy ij D;k izfrf;k gS\ bl lnu ds vUnj rks
cgqr ls HkkbZ gSa] muesa ls cgqr cM+h la[;k mu yksxksa dh gS tks 'kgjksa
esa jgrs gSaA tks 'kgjksa esa tUesa] 'kgjksa esa iys vkSj 'kgjksa ds dk;ns
dkuwu vkSj rjhdksa rd gh muds fopkj lhfer gSaA muds [;ky ls
'kgj dh ftUnxh esa vkSj nsgkr dh ftUnxh esa dksbZ vUrj ugha gSA
102 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
bldk mUgsa dksbZ vUnktk ugha gSaA --------fd 'kgj dh f'k{kk&nh{kk

vkSj nsgkr dh f'k{kk&nh{kk ds vUnj fdruk QdZ gS\ nksuksa ds fy;s
vki ,d dk;nk vkSj dkuwu cukuk pkgrs gSaA esjs yk;d nksLr
tkaxM+s lkgc cM+s tksj ls cksysA -----eq>s 'kd gS fd tkaxM+s lkgc
'kgj okys cu x;s gSaA mudh rjQ pys x;s gSaA vc 'kgj dh ckr
le>us yxs gSaA og viuh ckr dguk pkgrs gSa] viuh txg okyksa
dh ughaA eSa vkils vtZ dj jgk Fkk fd tc rjfc;r esa bruk QdZ
gS] mudh lkekftd uhfr esa vkil esa bruk erHksn gS] muds fy;s
,d dk;nk vkSj dkuwu cukuk pkgrs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd muds jhfr
fjoktksa esa dksbZ vUrj j[kuk dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krk] ;g muds
lkFk cM+k Hkkjh vU;k; gSA
,d ckr vkSj bl flyflys esa eSa dguk pkgrk gw] og gS
lxks= fookg ds ckjs esaA gekjh cgqr lkjh cguksa dh fnYyh ds
fnYyh esa gh 'kknh gksrh gSA ,d xyh ls nwljh xyh esa mudk fookg
gks tkrk gSA NksVs&NksVs 'kgjksa esa ftudh vkcknh nl gtkj dh
gksrh gS] muesa Hkh mudk fookg ,d ?kj ls nwljs ?kj esa gks tkrk gSA
mudks ;g irk ugha gS fd gekjs ;gka 'kknh dk dk;nk D;k gS\
gekjs ;gka 'kknh ds fy;s de ls de 15] 20] 50 vkSj lkS ehy dk
QdZ gksrk gSaA vxj viuh tkfr esa eSa vius yM+ds dh 'kknh djuk
pkgwa rks vius lekt ds vkt ds fjokt ds eqrkfcd eSa viuh
mitkfr esa] tksfd 24 xkaoksa esa vkSj 10 ehy ds jsfM;l esa jgrh gS]
mldh 'kknh ugha dj ldrkA eSa mu 24 xkaoksa esa ls fdlh xkao esa
vius yM+ds dh 'kknh ugha dj ldrkA ;gh ughaA mlds ckn fQj
mldh tks ek gS] mldh mitkfr ds tks rhl pkyhl xko gSa] muesa
Hkh mldh 'kknh ugha gks ldrhA mlds ckn vki vkxs pfy;s tks
esjh ek gS] mudh mitkfr ds tks rhl pkyhl xko gSa] muesa Hkh
/ 103
mldh 'kknh ugha gks ldrhA bl rjg ls vklikl ds dksbZ ipkl

xkoksa esa ge 'kknh ugha dj ldrsA**
t c , d l n L; ] J h j k/ ksy ky O; kl
u s c hp esap q
Vd h y sr s
gq
v k d g fn ; k fd v ki Hkh r ks t kV gS
ar ks p kS
/ kj h j . kc hj fl a
g
eSa tkV rks gwA ysfdu] eSa ljnkj HkwisUnz flag

eku tSlk] fl[k tkV ugha gwA eSa vkidks dM+oh ckrsa ugha lqukuk
pkgrk vkSj blhfy;s] eSa ;g ugha dguk pkgrk fd esjk fjokt
vPNk ;k vkidk vPNk ;k dkuwu vPNkA eSa vkids lkeus j[kuk
pkgrk gw] og vkt ds gkykr gSaA-----d k t okc Fkk fd
blh cgl esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us jhfr&uhfr dks ysdj 'kgj
vkSj xkao ds chp QdZ dks crk;k fd 'kknh&fj'rs ds ekeys esa fdl
rjg HkkbZpkjs dh lksp dks egRo fn;k tkrk gS ftldks njfdukj
djuk et+kd ugha gS tcfd 'kgjksa esa xyh dh xyh esa 'kknh gks
tkrh gSA xkao esa ;g lEHko ugha gS vkSj u dsoy dkuwu cuk dj
bls iyVuk bruk vklku gS tSlk dqN HkkbZ iz;kl dj jgs gSaA
gfj;k.kk ds lkekftd thou dh cquxr rFkk mlds ekSfyd
lkewfgd pfj= ij jkS'kuh Mkyh vkSj crk;k fd ;gka ifjokj lekt
dh ,d bdkbZ ds :i esa viuk LFkku j[krk gS vkSj ;g ckr fdl
rjg muds tgu esa cSBh gqbZ gS tks vkneh ds O;ogkj dks lapkfyr
djrh gSA mUgksaus ,d felky dj le>krs gq, dgk fd %
^^gekjs lekt esa -;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd ,d HkkbZ D;k djrk
gS vkSj le> fy;k tkrk gS fd nwljk HkkbZ Hkh mlds lkFk gSA ;gka
ij ,d HkkbZ dE;qfuLV gks ldrk gS] nwljk lks'kfyLV gks ldrk gS
vkSj rhljk dkaxszlkbZV gks ldrk gSA ,d yM+dk fdlh dk Hkkjrh;
tu la?k dk eSEcj gks ldrk gS vkSj mldk dk nwljk HkkbZ nwljh
104 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ikVhZ dk gks ldrk gS vkSj /keZ esa Hkh vny cny gks ldrh gSA
ysfdu] gekjs ;gka ;g ckr cuh gqbZ gS fd vxj fdlh [kkunku esa
,d vkneh dkaxszlh gks x;k rks og lkjk dquck dkaxzslh le>k
tk;sxk] pkgs og gks ;k ughaA bl fdLe dh gekjs lekt esa gkyr
gSA vki mls tks dqN dgsa] mUufr dgsa ;k tgkyr dgsaA** ---------fganw dksM fcy ij gqbZ cgl esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dh csckdh
/;ku nsus yk;d gSA os gfj;k.kk dh rgthc vkSj mldh lkekftd
cquxr dks fdl rjg vkRelkr fd, gq, Fks] ;g c[kwch irk pyrk
gSA ,d lPps tuizfrfuf/k dh rjg yksxksa dh uCt ij gkFk j[k dj
mlds fy, fdl rjg dke fd;k tk,] tkurs FksA
/ 105
fefJr
ifjp;
pkSs/kjh j.kchj flag us vius yacs lalnh; dSfj;j esa cgqr ls
eqn~nksa ij fopkj fofHkUu lnuksa esa j[ksA buesa pkS/kjh lkfgc dh
izfrHkk dk vuqeku yxrk gSA muds eq[; fopkjksa ij rks bl iqLrd
esa oxhZdj.k djds vygnk&vygnk v/;k;ksa esa dqNsd egRoiw.kZ
lokyksa dks fy;k x;k gSA tks fo"k; bu v/;k;ksa ds vUrxZr ugha
vk lds] mudk fooj.k fn;s fcuk pkS/kjh lkgc dk lkaln ds rkSjij
thou ifjp; v/kwjk jg tkrkA blfy, bl v/;k; ds vUrxZr
vkius ns'k dks oSyQs;j LVsV ds rkSjij dke djus ds ckjs esa
ckj&ckj tksj fn;k] ftlesa o`) Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa ds fy, lEeku
iSa'ku dk fo"k; lcls egRoiw.kZ FkkA pkgs og vkids cgqr dksf'k'k
djus ds mijkar fiNyh 'krkfCn ds lkrosa n'kd esa gh eatwj fd;k
x;k Fkk vkSj ns'kHkDr Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa vkSj muds cPpksa ds
lEeku iSa'ku vkt rd fey jgh gS] ftlesa vktkn fgUn QkSt ds
lSfud Hkh 'kkfey gSaA
xjhch ds dkj.k fgUnqvksa }kjk /keZ ifjorZu ij vkius tkx`fr
iSnk dhA lcls igys 1972 esa pksjh ls cuk;s gq, dkys/ku vkSj djksa
dh pksjh ij ljdkj dk /;ku fnyk;k Fkk vkSj mls tCr djus dh
lykg nh FkhA ;g vkidh nwjnf'kZrk FkhA cjlkr ds ikuh ckcr ml
106 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
le; ds iatkc gfj;k.kk vkSj gfj;k.kk vkSj fnYyh izkUr esa <+kalk
cka/k ds yksx jktuhfr dj jgs Fks] mlesa chp&cpko djds mls gy
djok;kA
blh ds lkFk&lkFk vkius vktkn fgUn lsuk ds mu lSfud
vQljksa dh Hkh ljkguk dh Fkh] ftudk ykyfdys esa dksVZ ek'kZy
gqvk FkkA lkFk gh ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd muds lkFk Hkkjr ljdkj
vPNk O;ogkj ugha dj jgh gSA ge ;gka ij ;g dguk pkgrs gSa
fd Hkkjrh; lsuk esa fiNyh 'krkCnh ds vkBosa n'kd esa lHkh tkfr
o oxZ dh jsthesaVksa esa ls ,d&,d iyVu feyh tqyh cukbZ xbZ FkhA
dkykUrj esa ;g Ldhe vlQy jgh vkSj ;g fopkj gh R;kx fn;k
vkSj tks pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dk fopkj Fkk] ogh vkt rd py jgk
gSA iyVusa ,d gh tkfr o oxZ ds uke ij cuha gSa vkSj cu jgh gSaA
vkius ges'kk i{kikr dk fojks/k fd;k vkSj tksj nsdj crk;k
fd jksgrd dh vgfe;r dksbZ ugha feVk ldrkA gfj;k.kk
fo/kkulHkk esa HkykbZ ds loky mBkus okyksa esa vki vdsys ,d rjQ
Fks vkSj lkjk lnu ,d rjQ FkkA vkius fuMj gksdj viuk
n`f"Vdks.k j[kkA bu lc vU; fo"k;ksa ij bl v/;k; esa muds
pqfuank fopkj ladfyr fd, x;s gSaA
/ 107
fefJr
osyQs;j LVsV
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us vkjdust fcy dh ckcr gks jgh
cgl esa Hkkx ysrs le; cPpksa ds fo"k; esa dgk Fkk %
^^geus nsk ds vUnj osyQs;j LVsV cukus dk QSlyk fd;k

gS vkSj ftlls ns'k esa osyQs;j LVsV cuus tk jgh gS] mldk lcls
igys QtZ vius cPpksa dh ns[kHkky djuk gS vkSj [kkl rkSj ij mu
cPpksa dh] ftuds ek&cki u gkas] ftudk ljdkj ds flok; dksbZ
ns[kHkky djus okyk ugha gksA** Lihpst bu yksdlHkk] 1952&57] i`"B
5042
blh cgl eas vkius ;rhe[kkuksa ds fy, /ku dh fpUrk djrs

gq, dgk Fkk fd %
^^bu lc ;rhe[kkuksa dks ljdkjh rks u cuk;k tk,] cfYd ;g

:i fn;k tk;s] ftlls ljdkj dh ns[kjs[k Bhd rjg ls gks ldsA
gj vkneh ds fy;s ;rhe[kkus ds fy;s NwV u jgs fd og cPpksa dks
fHk[kkjh cuus ij etcwj djsA tks /ku bdV~Bk gksrk gS] mldk Bhd
bLrseky gksA bldh ns[kjs[k ds fy, bl fdLe dh ,d vkxsZubZts'ku
cusA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1952&57] 24 viSzy] 1953] i`"B
5042
108 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
cSdoMZ dE;wuhfVt fjfyft;l izksRlkgu fcy ij cgl esa

Hkkx ysrs gq, vkius tksj nsdj dgk Fkk %
^^tks gLirky gSa] tc bl ns'k dk /;s; osyQs;j LVsV gS]

gekjh dksf'k'k yk ,.M vkMZj LVsV ugha gSA mudks Hkh ljdkj D;ksa
u pyk,\ ge lc vktkn gSa] rks vktkn gksus ds ckn Hkh tc yk[kksa
vkneh viuk /keZ ifjorZu djrs gSa] flQZ blfy, fd mudks rkyhe
dh lqfo/kk ugha feyrh ;k nok nk: dh lqfo/kk,a ugha feyrh rks
gekjs fy,] eSa le>rk gw fd ;g ,d dyad dh ckr gSA bl dyad
ds Vhds dks ftruh tYnh nwj djsa] mruk gh vPNk gksxkA** lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 19 Qjojh] 1960] i`"B 2001&02
laln vkSj fo/kku lHkkvksa gsrq

pquko ds fy, ;ksX;rk,a
vUrfje laln esa 4 vizSy] 1950 dks pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us
bl ckr dks [kkfjt dj fn;k fd vui<+ fdlh dke ds ugha gSaA
mUgksaus dgk fd %
eSaus izLrko ij vkSj Jh dkeFk ds la'kks/ku ij ckj&ckj
fopkj fd;k gS rFkk bl izLrko dk fojks/k djuk r; fd;k gSA
fojks/k djus dk dkj.k ;g ugha gS fd eSa fdUgh ;ksX;rkvksa dks ugha
pkgrk gwA eSa ;g pkgrk gw vkSj esjk ekuuk gS fd ,d lnL; ds
fy, vko';d ;ksX;rk ns'k dh lsok gksuk pkfg,A bl lnu dk
lnL; gksus ls igys ns'k vkSj mu yksxksa dh fdlh :i esa lsok djuh
pkfg,] ftudk izfrfuf/kRo og djuk pkgrk gSA fdUrq fnDdr rc
gksrh gS] tc ,slh lsok dks VSLV fd;k tk, vkSj dSls tkuk tk, fd
mlus lsok dh gS ;k ugha\ D;k r; djus dk vf/kdkj vnkyr dks
/ 109
nsa fd fdlh us ns'k lsok ds fy, ;k yksxksa dh lsok eas dqN fd;k gS
;k ugha\ eSa ugha le>rk fd ,slk djuk Bhd gksxkA
fQj] 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rkvksa ds ckjs esa ;gka vusd lnL;ksa us dgk gS fd
os xsztq,V gksus dh ;ksX;rk dks ugha pkgrs gSaA os pkgrs gSa fd tks ;gka
lnL; cudj vk;sa] mUgas fy[kuk&i<+uk vkuk pkfg,A tgka rd
fy[kus&i<+us dh ckr gS] eSa dg ldrk gw fd ;gka vkus ds ckn dksbZ
Hkh lnL; ikap fnu ds vUnj fgUnh vklkuh ls lh[k ldrk gSA
' kS
f {kd ; ksX; r k d ks fy [ kus v kS
j i <+
u sr d l hfer d j u s
l s d ksb Zy kHk u ghagksx kA fQj ] bl l s v f/ kd d h eka
x d ks t S
l k
d gsafd eS
f Vd i kl
d h l hek gksr kseS

ad gw
x k fd c gq
r y ksx gS
a
v kS
j gekj si zkUr esar ks10 ; k 15 l ky r d eq
[ ; eU= h j gsgS
at ks
u eS
f Vd i kl Fksv kS
j u osd Hkh Ld w
y ; k d kW
f y t gh x , A eS
abl
c kj sesal j fl d n j g; kr [ kkad k u ke y sl d r k gw
A n w
l j si zkUr ksa
esaHkh eS
a
u s, sl seq
[ ; eU= h n s[ ksagS
at ksu d ku w
u h v Fkok MkW
DVj h fo/
kk esax st q
, V FksA eS
a
u s, sl sfe= ks
ad ksHkh n s[ kk gS
] ft Ugksa
u su K ku h
d k d ksl Z i kl
fd ; k] u , sl h fd l h n w
l j h i j h{kk i kl
d h gS
]
fd Ur q mUgksa
u s n s' k d k ' kkl u v PNs <+
a
x l s p y k; k] t ks ' kk; n
d ksb ZLu kr d Hkh u p y k l d sA---l a
l n d sfy , , sl sv kn eh d h v ko; d r k gSt ksi z' kkl fu d
{ker k j [ kr k gks] c q
f ) j [ kr k gks] ekey sd kst Yn l e> r k gksv kS
j
v fHkO; fDr d h d kc fy ; r j [ kr k gksA eS
a, sl sy ksx ksad kst ku r k gw
]
t ksd ku w
u d sLu kr d gS
a
] , sl sHkh t ksd kW
f y t d si z
ksQ sl j gS
a
] fd Ur q
v PNs l ka
l n l kfc r u ghagq
,A ,s
l s y ksx Hkh gS
a t ks d Hkh Ld w
y
u gha x , A
fop kj d h ekS
f y d r k d k t gka r d i z' u gS
] eS
a d c hj d h
fel ky n s l d r k gw
] t ks l ew
p s ns' k esai z[ ; kr gS
a
A esj s fe= J h
gq
l S
u beke t ku u k p kgr sFksfd v u i <+v kn eh u sn s' k d ksD; k
fn ; k gS
\ eS
al n u l s d gu k p kgr k gw
fd v u i <+y ksx ksau s n s' k
d ks c gq
r dq
N l e`)
fd ; k gS
A
110 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
U;wure etnwjh la'kks/ku fo/ks;d ij

vUrfje laln esa fnukad 17-8-1951 dks U;wure etnwjh
vf/kfu;e] 1948 esa la'kks/ku ij cgl gks jgh Fkh pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
us tc Jfed] fo'ks"k dj [ksr etnwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds tk;t gd
dk loky mBk;kA
fcy dk leFkZu djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk fd blls dksbZ
bUdkj ugha dj ldrk fd ns'k ds vUnj lcls xjhc rcdk [ksr
etnwj vkSj nsgkr ds etnwj dk gSA-------eSa bl ckr ls Hkh vufHkK
ugha gw fd jkT; ljdkjsa D;ksa vHkh rd bl elys dks gy ugha dj
ik;h gSa\ -----;gka cM+s&cM+s dkj[kkuksa ds ekfyd pUn cM+s vkneh gSaA
mudh vkenuh Hkh cgqr cM+h gksrh gSA ysfdu] [ksr ds ekfydksa dk
tgka rd rkYyqd gS] muesa ls cgqr ls rks ,sls vkneh gSa tks [ksr
etnwj dh rjg gh xjhc gSaA gks ldrk gS fd dqN cMs+&cM+s
tehankj gksaA ysfdu] tehankjh mUewyu ds lkFk mudk rks [kkRek gks
jgk gSA blds ckn NksVs&NksVs vkSj [ksr ds xjhc ekfydkas vkSj [skr
ds etnwjksa dk elyk jgrk gSA esjk fuosnu gS fd [ksr ds etnwj
ds lkFk U;k; gks] vkSj ;g cgqr t:jh Hkh gSA mldh enn dh
fugk;r t:jr gSA blhfy;s] fiNyh nQk tc gkml ds lkeus
,d vkSj elyk Fkk rks eSaus ml oDr dgk Fkk fd vxj jk'ku fdlh
ds fy, gksuk pkfg;s rks og [ksr ds etnwj ds fy, gksuk pfkg;sA
D;ksafd] og lc ls xjhc gS vkSj mlds vUnj bruh rkdr ugha gS
fd og [kqys cktkj esa phtksa dks [kjhn ldsA esjs ,d HkkbZ us
cryk;k fd bu etnwjksa dh la[;k lkr djksM+ gSA nwljs us crk;k
fd 15 djksM+ gSA esjk nkok gS fd ftu yksxksa ls budk okLrk iM+rk
gS] mudh la[;k Hkh 15 djksM+ gSA tgka vkidks bu lkr ;k 15
djksM+ ds fy, lkspuk gS] ogka vki nwljs 15 djksM+ ds fy, Hkh
/ 111
lkspuk cUn ugha dj ldrsA----vxj vkidks mudh etnwjh r;

djuh gS rks vkidks ;g Hkh r; djuk gksxk vkSj ns[kuk gksxk fd
[ksr ds vUnj tks iSnkokj gksrh gS] ftls [ksr dk ekfyd [ksr ds
etnwj dh enn ls iSnkokj djrk gS] mldks D;k fey+rk gS vkSj
mlh ds eqrkfcd vkidks gj ,d pht dk Hkko r; djuk gksxkA
vki ,slk djus ls bUdkj ugha dj ldrsA -----------esjk ;g fopkj gS vkSj eSa lcls igys bl ckr dh odkyr
djrk gwa fd ljdkj ds fy;s vDyeanh ;g gS fd ,d lky rks nwj
jgk] og bl pquko ds igys gh] mudh de ls de etnwjh r; dj
nsA ------blfy;s Hkh pkgrk gw fd vxj [ksr ds etnwj dh etnwjh
r; gqbZ rks dksbZ ljdkj bl ckr ls bUdkj ugha dj ldsxh fd
iSnkokj ds Hkh Hkko r; djs] rkfd blls dk'rdkj dks dqN cp
ldsA tgka ns'k dh uhfr cukus esa ns'k ds etnwj dk gkFk gksxk] ogka
ns'k dh uhfr cukus esa mu vknfe;ksa dk Hkh t:j gkFk gksxk] tks
eqf'dy ls ikap ,dM+] nks ,dM+ ;k rhu ,dM+ vFkok lkr ,dM+ ds
ekfyd gSaA
nsgkr esa ,d dk'rdkj dh ftUnxh ds Lrj vkSj ;gka
lfpoky; ds cM+s vQlj ds Lrj esa] tks 4 gtkj rd ru[okg ysrs
gSa] fdruk QdZ gS\ bldk vki [kqn vUnktk yxk ldrs gSaA eSa
blfy;s Hkh ;g pkgrk gw fd tYnh U;wure etnwjh r; gksA
blh lnu esa 14 vizSy dks fok fo/ks;d ij cgl esa fgLlk
ysrs gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us [ksr etnwjksa dk i{k j[kk vkSj dgk
fd dqN yksx ,slk le>rs gSa fd nsgkr ds vUnj jk'kfuax dh
ftEesokjh ge ugha mBk ldrs vkSj ;g ukeqefdu gSA esjk laln ls
;g fuosnu gS fd bl ns'k ds vUnj lcls de ftudh vkenuh gS]
os yksx nsgkr ds gfjtu vkSj nsgkr esa [ksrksa ds etnwj gSaA ftu
112 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
yksxksa dks vukt [kjhnuk iM+rk gS] muesa tks 'kgj dk etnwj gS]
mldk rks osru Hkh Qkyrw gksrk gS vkSj mldks eagxkbZ Hkkk oxSjg
Hkh feyrk gS] lkjh phtsa mldks feyrh gSaA vc mldks rks vukt
fu;fU=r Hkko ij fn;k tkrk gSA blds foijhr] tks nsgkr dk
gfjtu ;k etnwj gS mlds fy;s dqN lkspk gh ugha tkrk] ftldh
fd [kjhn 'kfDr lcls de gSA
eq>s fuosnu djuk gS fd vkidks ns'k ds vUnj fu;U=.k j[kuk
gS rks lcls igys vkidks pkfg;s fd vki fu;U=.k dh phtsa mu
yksxksa dks nsa ftudh [kjhn 'kfDr lcls de gS] vkSj os gSa [ksr ds
etnwj vkSj nsgkr esa jgus okys gfjtuA
nwjnf'kZrk
jktk egsUnz izrki flag bLVsV fjihy fcy ij cgl esa Hkkx
ysrs gq, vkius dgk Fkk fd ns'k esa ns'kHkDrksa ds fy, gesa mudh
HkykbZ ds fy, /;ku nsuk pkfg,A vkius crk;k]
^ôSls rks ge ekurs gSa fd gj ns'koklh dks ge rkyhe nsaxs

vkSj vkxs pydj gekjs iz;kl gksaxs fd gj cw<+s vkneh dks ge isa'ku
nsa vkSj gj chekj dk eqr bykt djsaxsA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 25 uoEcj] 1960] i`"B 1419
mUgksaus cw<+s ns'kHkDrksa dh [kLrkgkykr ij [ksn O;Dr djrs gq,

dgk Fkk fd mudks isa'ku t:j feyuh pkfg,] ftldk urhtk ;g
gqvk fd mudks LVsV xoZuesaV vkSj dsUnzh; ljdkj esa isa'ku nsuh
'kq: dh Fkh tks vkt rd fey jgh gSA vkius dgk Fkk %
^^;s tks cw<+s ns'kHkDr gSa] budh vkt cgqr cqjh gkyr gSA eSa
pkgrk gw fd ipkl lky ds ij ds lkjs cw<+s ns'kHkDrksa ds ckjs esa
ljdkj ;g QSlyk djs fd mudks isa'ku nh tk,xh vkSj og isa'ku
/ 113
mudks rcrd feysxh] tc rd os ftUnk jgsaxsA** lalnh; cgl

dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 25 uoEcj] 1960] i`"B 1420
fpYMut vkWQ ikWfyfVdy lQjtZ fo"k; ij cksyrs gq, lkQ

'kCnksa esa vkius psrk;k Fkk %
^^êSa tkuuk pkgrk gw fd ljdkj ds jkLrs esa D;k eqf'dy gS

tksfd jktuhfrd ihfM+rksa ipkl o"kZ ls T;knk vk;q ds gSa] ftuds
ikl dksbZ vkftfodk ugha gS] mudks isa'ku D;ksa ugha nh tk ldrh\
D;k otg gS fd jktuhfrd ihfM+rksa ds cPpksa dks VSDuhdy rkyhe
vkSj othQs ugha fn, tk ldrs\ dkSu lh vkids jkLrs esa fnDdrs
gSa\^* lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 23 fnlEcj] 1960] i`"B
7454
foi{kh lkaln dk jksy

ekpZ] 1977 bZLoh esa eksjkjth nslkbZ iz/kkuea=h cu x, FksA
dkaxszl ikVhZ foi{kh ny cu x;k FkkA jkT;lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag foi{kh ny ds miusrk FksA turk ikVhZ ds fokea=h FksA 'kklu
cny x;k FkkA bl cnyko ds ckn pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us vius
igys Hkk"k.k esa dgk Fkk %
^^^tc m/kj cSBrk Fkk rc Hkh dgk djrk Fkk] tgka rd gekjs
fok ea=ky; dk lEca/k gS] mldh lksp cnyus dh vko';drk gSSA
gekjs ns'k us ekuk gS fd gedks ns'k esa lektoknh] vkfFkZd <+kaps dks
ykuk gSA ysfdu] vHkh rd fok ea=ky; fiNys rhl lky ls vkSj
vkt Hkh mlh pDdj esa gS] ftldk edsZVkbZy bdkWukWeh dgrs gSaA
vkt Hkh dkaxszl ikVhZ us turk ikVhZ dks tks jkt fn;k gS] og fdruk
etcwr gkyr esa fn;k gS] ;g ns[kus dh ckr gSA** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 30 ekpZ] 1973] i`"B 146&147
114 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
/;ku j[kus ;ksX; ckr gS fd pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us igys gh

Hkk"k.k esa turk ikVhZ dh gqdwer dks psrk;k Fkk vkSj crk;k Fkk %
^^vki Hkh bfErgku esa vkus okys gSa] tc gedks ekurs gSa fd
ge bErgku esa ikl ugha gq, gSa] rks vkidks Hkh ns'k ns[ksxk fd vki
dSls bErgku esa ikl gksrs gSa\** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk
1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 30 ekpZ] 1973] i`"B 150
blh Hkk"k.k ds nkSjku vkius vkxs pydj dgk Fkk] ^
^vc vkidh ljdkj f[kpM+h dh ljdkj gSA ;g lalkj

vkSj Hkkjr ns'k ns[ksxk&ge pkgrs gSa fd dqflZ;ksa ds Hkw[ks ugha gSaA
ysfdu ;gka dqflZ;ksa ds Hkw[ks vkil esa yM+rs gSa vkSj ;g vkus okyk
bfrgkl crk,xk&fdlkuksa dh ckr djus okys xzkeh.k&vFkZO;oLFkk
etcwr djus okys fdrus dke;kc gksrs gSaA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh
jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 30 ekpZ] 1973] i`"B 151
jkT;lHkk esa ftl le; 24 Qjojh] 1978 dks izhQsafl;y

,xzhesaV Vw ohdj lsD'ku ds eqn~ns ij cgl gks jgh Fkh] mlesa
xekZxehZ gks xbZ FkhA ftlesa r- t;ukjk;.k ckj&ckj izFke jk"Vifr
jktsUnz izlkn ds }kjk viuk er nsus dh ckr ij vM+s gq, FksA rc
pkS/kjh lkgc us igys rks ;g dgk Fkk fd ekuuh; lnL; ugha
tkurs rks mudh ckr eku ysa] tks ogka gkftj FksA fQj mudks viuh
ckr le>kus ds fy, ;g QVdkj yxkrs gq, crk;k fd %
^êSa rks ftl oDr] ;g jktuhfr esa iSnk Hkh ugha gqvk Fkk]
ml oDr vaxzsth dk xsztq,V Fkk vkSj 31 o"kZ gks x, gSaA yksdlHkk]
jkT;lHkk dkaLVhP;w;aV vlSEcyh rFkk fo/kkulHkkvksa esa jgk gwA eSa
lkr lnuksa dk lnL; jgk gwA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk
1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 24 Qjojh 1978] i`"B 164
/ 115
lsuk rFkk vktkn fgUn lsuk

vktkn fgan QkSt ds ckjs esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag ds fopkj
Li"V FksA vUrfje laln esa cgl esa fgLlk ysrs gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag us 7 Qjojh] 1950 dks vkbZ-,u-, dk iz'u mBk;k vkSj dgk%
^^bf.M;u us'kuy vkehZ fdlh vkehZ ls de ugha FkhA ysfdu]
muds lkFk esa] eSa ;g rks ugha dgrk fd crkZo cgqr T;knk [kjkc
fd;k x;k] ysfdu bruk vPNk Hkh ugha fd;k x;k ftruk vPNk
crkZo muds lkFk djuk pkfg, Fkk**A vUrfje laln okn&fookn] i`"B
304 -
o"kZ 1986 esa ,d lk{kkRdkj ds le; vkius vktkn fgUn QkSt

dh dqckZuh dks ljkgkA vkidk dguk Fkk %
^^ysfdu] ljnkj Hkxr flag vkfn dh dqckZuh ls xkao ds

,d&,d vkneh fgUnw] eqlyeku] flD[k vkSj bZlkbZ ds fny esa
ns'kHkfDr rFkk tks'k dh Hkkouk cuhA blh rjg ls vktkn fgUn
QkSt dh tks dqckZuh gqbZ] mlus bl ns'k esa ,d mRlkg ls Hkjk
ok;qe.My iSnk fd;kA** bUVjO;q & pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] usg: Lekjd
laxzky; vkSj ykbcszjh ekSf[kd bfrgkl foHkkx] 25 vxLr] 1986] i`"B 68
blh lk{kkRdkj ds nkSjku vkius Li"V 'kCnksa esa dgk %
^^vktkn fgUn QkSt us tks dke fd;k] mldk cgqr cM+k vlj
gqvkA og tks ^Vk;y* ;gka ykyfdys esa gqvk] mlls tkss ljdkjh
eqykft;r Fkk] ftrus yksx QkSt esa Fks] mu lcds fny esa ,d
cxkor iSnk gqbZA** bUVjO;q & pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] usg: Lekjd laxzky;
vkSj ykbcszjh ekSf[kd bfrgkl foHkkx] 25 vxLr] 1986] i`"B 39
blh fcy ds lk{kkRdkj esa vkxs pydj ekuk Fkk fd]

116 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
^^,d rjg ls ;g Bhd gS fd QkSt ls thrdj geus ns'k

dks vktkn ugha fd;kA ml rjg dh gkj thr rks ugha gqbZA gesa
rks 'kkafr ls lkk dk gLrk{kj.k fd;kA vktkn fgUn QkSt us tks
yM+kbZ yM+h vkSj vktkn fgUn QkSt ij tks eqdnek pyk] mlls ns'k
esa cgqr tkx`fr gqbZA** bUVjO;q & pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] usg: Lekjd laxzky;
vkSj ykbcszjh ekSf[kd bfrgkl foHkkx] 25 vxLr] 1986] i`"B 55
vkius nsgyh fMoyiesaV ,esaMesaV fcy] 1976 ij cgl esa

Hkkx ysrs gq,&IykV ,ykVesaV djus ds fy, izkFkfedrk nsus dh ckr
dgh] ogka ij tujy 'kkguokt [kka dk Hkh ft fd;k vkSj crk;k
fd dqN le; igys og ykyfdys eas eqykfte cus [kM+s Fks vkbZ,u,
Vk;y vkSj ;g irk ugha Fkk fd xksyh ds f'kdkj gksaxs ;k ughaA bl
ckr ij vkius dgk Fkk]
^ftu HkkbZ;ksa us tsy dkVh gS vkSj QkSt ds vUnj yM+s] vktkn

fgUn QkSt esa viuh tku dk tksf[ke mBk;k] og HkkbZ fnYyh esa
MhMh, ls dksbZ edku ekaxs ;k IykV ekaxs rks mudks izkFkfedrk nsuh
pkfg,A** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 15 tuojh]
1976] i`"B 308
lSfudksa ds fy, muds g`n; esa izkjEHk ls Vhl Fkh vkSj mUgksaus
lafo/kku lHkk esa iz'ukskj dky esa Hkkx ysrs gq,] j{kkea=h ls lh/kk
iz'u fd;k Fkk fd 27 Qjojh] 1946 dks flxuy dksj dh 2 Vh
cVkfy;u esa tcyiqj esa dqN deZpkfj;ksa us fczVsujkt ds fo:) ,d
fojks/k izn'kZu esa fgLlk fy;k Fkk vkSj bl ckjs esa dqN lSfudksa dkss
dk;ZeqDr dj fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj vkxs ljdkjh ukSdjh ds fy,
v;ksX; ?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;k FkkA D;k ljdkj bu eklweksa dks
nks"keqDr djsxh ;k ugha\ j{kkea=h us mkj fn;k Fkk %
/ 117
^^27 Qjojh] dks tcyiqj esa fczfV'k jkt ds fo:) dksbZ

fefJr fuf'pr fojks/k xks"Bh ugha FkhA ;|fi dqN flxyu deZpkfj;ksa
}kjk viuh lSU; f'kdk;rksa lEca/kh ,d cxkor t:j dh xbZ Fkh]
tks [kkus esa dHkh Hkh /k`"V jk'ku tSls xqM+] vkVk] [kkuk lEcU/kh
f'kdk;rsa] t:j fd lkFk tks Fkh :ih rFkk ns[kjs[k ,oa vkxeu ds
lk/kuksa dh deh vkfn;ksa ysdj cxkor dh xbZ Fkh] bu ckfx;ksa esa ls
17 dk dksVZek'kZy] 27 dks iz'kklfud rkSjij cj[kkLr rFkk 62 dks
lsok eqDr dj fn;k x;k FkkA vktrd ljdkj us Hkh mUgsa ukSdfj;ksa
ds fy, v;ksX; ekuk gS vkSj muij bls izfrcU/k dks nwj ugha dj
jgh gSA**
lafo/kku lHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag]] 9 viSzy] 1948 i`"B 204
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag Lora= Hkkjr esa lcls igys 1952 esa gksus
okys vke pquko ds fo"k; ij cgl esa Hkkx ys jgs FksA pquko esa
fjVfuZax vQlj ds yxkus dh ckr py jgh FkhA mUgksaus dgk
fd %
^^ljdkjh vQljku dks fjVfuZax vQlj yxk;k tk,A ysfdu]

og ljdkjh vQljku flfoy ds ugha gksa] cfYd fefyVh ds gksaA &
fefyVh vQljku dks fjVfuZax vQlj yxk;k tk,A vxj mudks
bl dke ds fy, yxk;k tk,xk rks bysD'ku Bhd <+ax ls gksxkA
blds T;knk pkafll gksasxs fd QkSt ds vUnj mudh e;kZnk ;k
jsiqVs'ku ds vUnj pyuk fl[kk;k tkrk gS vkSj mudks fMlhiysu ds
vUnj jgdj dke djus dh vknr gSA dk;ns dkuwu dks rksM+rs gq,
os cgqr ?kcjkrs gSaA Hkys gh vki izkbZtsfMax vQlj flfoy ls yxk
ysaA ysfdu fjVfuZax vQlj fefyVh dk gksuk pkfg,A** varfje laln
lalnh; cgl] 15 ebZ] 1951] i`"B 8768
118 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
dkyk/ku
VSDls'ku ykW veS.MesaV fcy 1972 ij jkT;lHkk esa cgl
esa Hkkx ysrs gq,] vkius dkys /ku vkSj djksa dh pksjh ds fo"k; esa Li"V
rkSjij dgk Fkk fd %
^^tgka rd dkys /ku vkSj djksa dh pksjh dk laca/k gS] fdlh dks
muds lkFk gennhZ ugha gks ldrh] tksfd dkyk /ku j[krs gSa ;k
djksa dh pksjh djrs gSaA ysfdu bl ns'k ds vUnj lekt dk ,d
cgqr cM+k vax gS] cgqr cM+k fgLlk gS] tksfd tk;nkn dks [kjhnrs
csprs gSaA ysfdu u gh os djksa dh pksjh djrs gSa vkSj u gh muds ikl
dkyk /ku gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 23
vxLr] 1972] i`"B 225
ifCyds'ku vkWQ iksfyfVdy ikVhZ ,dkaVl fcy ij jkT;lHkk

esa ;kn fnyk;k Fkk fd ns'k esa dkyk/ku viuh izdkj dk ,d /ku gSA
dgk Fkk fd %
^^tks geus lafo/kku cuk;k Fkk] mlds vUnj lkjh ckrksas dks
lkspk Fkk fd dkSu lh ckr py ldrh gS ;k ugha py ldrhA
mldks Hkh lkspk FkkA mn~ns'; cgqr vPNk gS firEcj nkl th dkA
ysfdu] og py ugha ldrkA vHkh 'kd tkfgj fd;k tkrk gS fd
tks fons'k ls iSlk vkrk gS] og fy[kk tk,xk ;k ugha fy[kk tk,xkA
fons'k dh ckr vki dgka djrs gSa\ vki rks ;g dgrs gSa] ;gka ij
nks fdLe dh djSalh gS] ns'k ds vUnj nks fdLe dk :i;k pyrk gS]
,d pksjh dk iSlk dkyk /ku vkSj ,d lQsn /ku pyrk gSA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 24 uoEcj] 1972] i`"B
178
okfyUV;jh fMLDykstj mudk bUde ,.M oSY;w fcy 1976 ij

/ 119
cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, pkS/kjh lkgc us xgjkbZ ls bl fcUnw ij fopkj
djrs gq, dgk Fkk %
^^;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd dkyk/ku blfy, bDdBk gksrk

gS fd D;ksafd 97 ijlsaV VSDl yxrk gS] tks cM+s&cM+s dkj[kkusnkj
gSa] ogka ij ,Dlkbt Mw;wVh ds baLisDVlZ vkSj LVsV iqfyl cSBh jgrh
gS] D;ksafd ogka ls dkyk/ku fudy ugha ldrk gS] rks mlesa
dkyk/ku curk gS vkSj dkyk/ku rHkh curk gS] tc dkj[kkusnkj
xyr <+ax ls O;kikj djrs gSa vkSj lkeku dks vius fj'rsnkjksa ds ikl
j[krs gSaA eSa bl ckr dks ekurk gw fd fgUnqLrku esa dkyk/ku iSnk
gksus ds dbZ rjhds gSaA ysfdu] ljdkj us bl laca/k esa tks uhfr
cnyh gS] mlds ifj.kkeLo:i dkQh dkyk/ku ckgj vk;k gS vkSj
yksxksa us viuh lEifr ds vkadM+s fn, gSaA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks] 22 tuojh]
1976] i`"B 192&93
ck<+ dk izdksi
jkT;lHkk esa csrok fjoj cksMZ vesaVesaV fcy] 1977 ij
cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq,] vkius ck<+ ds izdksi dh vksj /;ku fnykus gsrq
dgk %
^êSa vkifk djrk gw fd bl fo/ks;d ds baVksM~;wl djus dk

mudks dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gSA ;s QkSt dh enn ysdj <+kalk cka/k dks
apk djds jksgrd ftys dks] tks lsuk dks lcls T;knk vUu nsrk
gS] Mqcks jgs gSaA jksgrd ftys dks ysd dgrs gSa rks eSa vkifk djrk
gw fd bl fdLe dk fo/ks;d is'k djsA blfy, eSa bldk
fojks/k djrk gwA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks]
9 vxLr] 1977] i`"B 37
120 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
mlh fnu ;kuh fd 9 vxLr] 1977 dks gh] vkxs cksyrs gq, ;g
ckr fQj ls nksgjkbZ vkSj gfj;k.kk ds fgrksa ij dgk Fkk %
êa=h egksn; us <+kalk ls ysdj <+kalk ysd tSlh dksbZ pht

ugha gS] ogka xkao clrs gSa gfj;k.kk dsA ns'k dh j{kk ds fy, bl
gfj;k.kk ds gtkjksa tokuksa us dqckZuh nh] vQljksa us dqckZuh nhA
QkSt dh enn ysdj blh gfj;k.kk dks Mqcksus dh ljdkj dh
dksf'k'k dh ftldk lgh bykt gks ldrk gS] og bUgksaus ugha
fd;kA ;g ckr gfj;k.kk ds fgrksa ds f[kykQ FkhA ogka ij tks
jsxqysVj Fkk] mlesa ls 6 gtkj D;wfVDl ikuh tkrk gS] ysfdu mlesa
vk,xk gh 6 gtkj D;wfldl ikuh NksM+ fn;k tkrk rks de ikuh
bDdBk gksrk] ,slk u djus dk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd cgqr ls xkoksa
esa ck< vk xbZA lsaVy dSfcusV esa gfj;k.kk dk dksbZ Hkh uqekbUnk
ugha gS] ftl rjg ls fdlh O;fDr dk dksbZ okyhokfjl ugha gksrk
rks mls dksbZ ugha iwNrkA ;g turk dh ljdkj gfj;k.kk dk Hkyk
ugha dj ldrhA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&nks]
9 vxLr] 1977] i`"B 226&27
'kkL=h th ls vafre eqykdkr

ckr o"kZ 1965 dh gS tc Hkkjr ikd ;q) cUn gks x;k FkkA
bu fnuksa fgUnh fjtuy desVh dh cSBd gqbZ FkhA eSaus viuk fopkj
j[krs gq, dg fn;k Fkk fd blls rks vPNk gks fd iatkc dk caVokjk
gh gks tk,A ;g ckr eSaus dkejsM jkefd'ku dks dgh FkhA D;ksafd
eSa gfj;k.kk izkUr cuus ds gd esa Fkk vkSj gfj;k.kk ds uqekbUnksa esa
lcls lhfu;j Hkh FkkA jkefd'ku th us esjs fopkj ilan ugha fd,A
eSusa dgk Bhd gS fd ge ,sls gSa ftudk dksbZ jktuSfrd fopkj ugha
gSA blh ckr ij dkejsM jkefd'ku us esjh f'kdk;r yky cgknqj
/ 121
'kkL=h tc iz/kkuea=h Fks] dj nh FkhA os rk'kdUn tk jgs FksA
^êSa tc gokbZ vM~Ms ij feyus ds fy, x;k rks os esjs ls dgus

yxs HkkbZ] vkidk iatkc ds ckjs esa D;k [k;ky gS\ eSaus muls dgk
Fkk 'kkL=h th [k;ky dh ckr NksfM+,A ge rks ikVhZ ds oQknkj
flikgh gSaA vki gedks crk,a fd vkidh D;k jk; gS\ vki tks
dgsaxs] pkgs gedks mlesa jktuhfrd uqdlku gks ;k Qk;nk gks] og
ge ekusaxsA viuh jk; ekuus ds fy, ge ikVhZ dk fu;e ugha
rksM+saxsA ijUrq viuh futh jk; t:j crk;saxsA mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd
vPNk rks fQj eSa okfil vkdj ckr d:axkA fQj os rks Hkxoku dks
I;kjs gks x,A okfil vkdj ckr ugha gqbZA** bUVjO;q & pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag] usg: Lekjd laxzky; vkSj ykbcszjh ekSf[kd bfrgkl foHkkx] 25 vxLr]
1986] i`"B 63
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa

lSfudksa ds fo"k; esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us viuh Hkkouk,a
fny dh xgjkbZ;ksa ls lnu esa j[kus esa dksbZ dksj dlj ugha mBk
j[khA vly esa os lsuk o lSfudksa dh dqckZfu;ksa dh dnz djrs FksA
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa 15 tqykbZ] 1968 dks fczxsfM;j j.kflag ds
Lihdj ds pquko mijkar mudks c/kkbzZ nsrs le; pkS/kjh j.kchj flag
us lsuk ds tokuksa vkSj mudha 'kgknr ds fo"k; esa ft fd;k Fkk]
^^gfj;k.kk ds cgknqj flikfg;ksa us vkSj cgknqj vQljksa us

gekjs ns'k dh j{kk djus ds fy, ges'kk vkxs jgdj viuk gkFk
cVk;k vkSj gfj;k.kk izkUr dk uke apk fd;kA gekjs cgqr ls
toku ftuesa] vkids vius lqiq= Hkh Fks] ns'k dh j{kk fgeky; ds
aps igkM+ksa ij djrs Hkxoku dks I;kjs gq,A gfj;k.kk ds cgknqj
tokuksa us gekjs ns'k dh j{kk dhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd mu lcdh
122 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
izfr"Bk dks dk;e j[kus ds fy, bl lnu ds ckdh rtqcZsdkj

lnL;ksa dks NksM+dj gekjs ny us vkidks v/;{k in ds fy, pqukA
eSa rks lksprk Fkk fd tc eq[;ea=h vkidk uke is'k djsaxs rks jko
fcjsUnz flag th tks gekjs fojks/kh ny ds usrk gSa vkSj QkSth vQlj
Hkh jgs gSa] bldh rkbZn djus ds fy, [kM+s gksasxsA eSa QkSth tokuksa
vkSj vQljksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks c[kwch le>rk gwA eSa QkSth rks ugha
jgk] ysfdu] QkSth vQlj dk cki vkSj QkSth vQlj dk nksgrk
t:j gwA ysfdu] Lihdj lkgc vki rks QkSth vQlj jgs gSa]
blfy, jko lkgc dks vkidk leFkZu rks djuk gh pkfg, FkkA**
vkius vkxs pydj dgk Fkk fd %
^êSa mEehn djrk gw fd blls gekjs lnu dk dke 'kkafr

ls pysxk vkSj ftl rjg ls gekjs QkSth vQljku vkSj tokuksa us
fgUnwLrku ds vUnj gfj;k.kk dk uke jks'ku fd;k gS] mlh rjg ;g
vlsEcyh viuk uke jks'ku djsxhA** gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 15 tqykbZ]
1968] i`"B 1 9
i{kikr fojks/kh
pkS/kjh lkgc i{kikr ds ?kksj fojks/kh FksA mUgksaus o"kZ 1970 dh
lIyheSUVh xzkUV~l QLVZ baLVkyesaV ds ij py jgh cgl esa Hkkx
ysrs gq, dgk Fkk fd jksgrd ftys ds cVokjs esa vykVesaV vkWQ
Q.M~l ds fo"k; esa i{kikr gks jgk gSA mUgksaus dgk Fkk %
^î{kikr dh bruh gn ugha gksuh pkfg,A jksgrd gfj;k.kk

dk ,d vge ftyk gS vkSj jgsxk HkhA jksgrd dh vgfe;r dks
dksbZ feVk ugha ldrk vkSj dksbZ lksprk gS rks og xyrh ij gSA eSa
;g ugha dgrk fd fglkj] djuky] thUn o xqM+xkao dh rjDdh u
djksA vki fiNM+s gq, bykdksa ds vUnj T;knk ls T;knk iSlk [kpZ
/ 123
djksA ysfdu] i{kikr u djksA ;fn eSa pkgrk] tc eSa fefuLVj Fkk
rks eSa vius bykds dks fiNM+s bykdksa dh lwph esa 'kkfey djok
ldrk FkkA ysfdu] eSa D;ksafd i{kikr ugha pkgrk Fkk] blfy, ,slk
ugha fd;kA**
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 26 vxLr 1970] i`"B 2 174
fny dk nnZ
Hkkjr dh igyh vkSj nwljh yksdlHkk ds nl o"kZ rd
lnL; jgsA cgqr dke ugha gq,A ;g mudks [kyrk FkkA yksdlHkk
lnL; ds ukrs ml le; dh iatkc ljdkj de /;ku nsrh FkhA
vke turk esas ;g Hkze Fkk fd pkS/kjh lkfgc yksxksa dh de ijokg
djrs gSaA ysfdu] pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ;g ckr rc dgh Fkh] tc
os gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; Fks vkSj blls iwoZ 1962 ls 1966
rd iatkc esa ea=h jgsA Qjojh] 1970 esa mUgksaus ft fd;k fd eq>s
cM+s&cM+s bathfu;jksa ds lkFk dke djus dk ekSdk feyk vkSj mUgksaus
,slh dqN ckrsa crkbZ fd gSjkuh gqbZA mUgksaus dgk%
^^,d ckr eSaus vthc ikbZ ] og ;g gS fd os lSVvi ds lkFk

cnyrs gSaA tc eSa fefuLVj cuk gfj;k.kk cuus ls iwoZ rks eSaus ns[kk
fd yksdlHkk ds eSEcj dh gSfl;r ls eSaus tks dksbZ fpB~Bh fy[kh Fkh]
mlij Hkh vc vkdj ,D'ku 'kq: gks x;kA tcfd igys ikp ;k
nl lky esa dksbZ ,D'ku ugha fy;k x;k FkkA** gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk]
20 Qjojh] 1970] i`"B 6 90
eq[;ea=h ls uksad>ksad
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dqN vf/kd loky
iwNrs utj vk,A 9 Qjojh] 1971 dks ,d iz'u dk mkj ljdkj
124 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ls ugha cu iM+ jgk FkkA ml le; ds eq[;ea=h us dgk] ^^nwljs

eSEcj Hkh cSBs gSaA ,d gh eSEcj rks ugha gS] gkl esa Lihdj lkgcA**
bl ij pkS/kjh lkgc us iyVokj fd;k vkSj dgk Fkk fd] ^^

v/;{k egksn;] ;g esjk ,d fizfoyst gS] ftldks eq[;ea=h th nck
ugha ldrsA ;s [kke[kkg mdlkrs gSaA ftruk eq>dks NsM+saxs] mruk
T;knk eSa budks [kjkc d:axkA** lnu esa galh dk ekgkSyA
gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 9 Qjojh] 1971] i`"B 2 9
16 Qjojh] 1971 dks nh gfj;k.kk ,izksfiz;'ku fcy ij cgl

ds nkSjku lnu dk /;ku dqN vkadM+ksa dh vksj fnykuk pkgrs FksA
mlh nkSjku ,d lnL; us pqVdh yh vkSj dg fn;k fd]
^^,d vkokt% pkS/kjh lkgc] vkadM+ksa dks NksM+ks] D;k j[kk gS

buesa\**
vkius iyVokj djrs gq, mkj fn;k %
^êSa [kku lkgc rks ugha gw tks vkadM+kas dks NksM+ nwaA esjk uke
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag gSA** fo?uA os lHkh vkadM+s is'k fd, vkSj dgk
fd^^mik/;{k egksn;] vkidks ;g tkudj rkTtqc gksxk fd gekjk
dke fdl rjg pyrk gSA fiNys lky 1970&71 ds vUnj tks geus
dtsZ fy,] og 50 djksM+ 65 yk[k :i;s ds Fks vkSj tks dtZ okfil
fd;k] og 39 djksM+ 33 yk[k dk Fkk C;ktA bldk eryc ;g
gS fd vaxwBk rks geus 50 djksM+ 33 yk[k ij yxk;k] ysfdu gesa
njvly feyk 11 djksM+A**
blh flyflys esa mUgksaus vkxs pydj dgk fd lu~ 1971&72
dk fglkc Hkh yxkdj ns[kks] tks bl izdkj gS %
^^gedks njvly] tks feysxk] og 18 djksM+ ds yxHkx

/ 125
feysxk] tcfd geus fiNys lky 11-52 djksM+ feyk FkkA vxj ;gh
jrkj pyrh jgh rks dHkh ,slh gkyr vk tk,xh fd ge vaxwBk rks
yxk,axs] exj iSlk gedks ugha feysxkA ;g cM+h xaHkhjrk ls lkspus
okyh ckr gSA** gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk] 16 Qjojh] 1971] i`"B 9 11
,izksfiz;s'ku ua- 5 fcy] 1972 ij jkT; lHkk dh ppkZ esa Hkkx
ysrs le; Jh txnh'k izlkn ;kno pkS/kjh lkgc dks chp&chp esa
NsM+rs jgrs FksA pkS/kjh lkgc tc cksy jgs Fks rks VkbZe cSy ct iM+h
rks txnh'k izlkn us dgk %
^^gks x;k] gks x;k cSfB;sA**

bl oDr rd pkS/kjh lkgc rax vk pqds Fks] mUgksaus dgk]
^^vki tSls cSBkus okys fdrus vk, vkSj fdrus pys x, vkSj
pys tk,axsA vkidks rks eSa tkurk gwA eSa fdlh lnL; ds ckjs esa dqN
ugha dgrkA** mUgsa ;gka rd dguk iM+k fd] ^^tjk lquks! D;ksa xyk
QkM+rs gks\* lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 4
fnlEcj] 1972] i`"B 216&218
jkT;lHkk esa bl izdkj ls uoy fd'kksj us] tks izk;% migkl

mM+kus esa ;dhu j[krs Fks] pkS/kjh lkgc dks fnekx dh f[kM+dh
[kksyus dh ckr dgh rks pkS/kjh lkgc us dgk fd ge rks xzstq,V gSa]
;fn f[kM+dh [kksyuh gS rks viuh [kksfy,] ftlls gesa [kq'kh gksxhA
ge vkids fy, gkSok gSaA uoy fd'kksj dk lkFk nsrs gq, yksdukFk
feJ us tkuuk pkgk fd dkSu lh ;wfuoflZVh ds xsztw,V gksA pkS/kjh
lkgc us rikd ls dgk %
^^fnYyh dk vkSj vxj pkgsa rks lky Hkh crk nwaA ftl le;
vki ukVd fd;k djrs Fks] ml le; esa ogka ukVd djkrk FkkA vc
126 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
vkius 'kq: fd;k gSA ml dke esa eSa cgqr T;knk vkxs gwA** lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 15 fnlEcj] 1972] i`"B 166
iatkc fo/kkulHkk esa tc :y 34 ds rgr ck<+ dh fLFkfr ij

cksy jgs Fks rks vkius ck<+ ihfM+rksa ds fo"k; esa ftu lnL;ksa us Hkkx
fy;k Fkk muds izfr lgkuqHkwfr izdV djrs gq, vius xko dh fLFkfr
dk c;ku bl izdkj ls fd;k Fkk %
^êSaus rks ck<+ksa dks cpiu ls gh ns[kk gS vkSj vius xko dks
cpiu ls ysdj vkt rd nlksa nQk tthjk curs ns[kk gS vkSj bl
lky Hkh og tthjk cukA esjs gYds ds 75 Qhlnh xko ,sls gSa]
ftuij ck<+ dk cgqr cqjk vlj iM+k gSA bldk vki [kqn vanktk
yxk ldrs gSa fd bu ck<+ksa dh rdyhQ esjs fny ds vUnj fdruh
gks ldrh gS vkSj fdruh gSA** iatkc fo/kkulHkk] 26 flrEcj] 1963] 13
114
vkius vius Hkk"k.k esa mu lc yksxksa dh ljkguk dh] ftUgksaus

ml d"V ds le; esa lgk;rk dh Fkh] pkgs Hkkjr ljdkj ds aps
vf/kdkjh Fks vFkok iatkc ljdkj ds bathfu;j FksA vkius dgk
Fkk %
^êSa crkuk pkgrk gw fd gekjs lSUVy okVj ,.M ikWoj deh'ku ds

ps;jeSu vkSj phQ bathfu;j ,llh vkSj nwljs deZpkjh bl dke esa
lrdZ jgs gSa vkSj cjkcj pDdj yxkrs jgs gSaA eSa mu lcdk 'kqf;k
vnk djuk pkgrk gwA eq>s ekywe gS fd dbZ ,fD'k;u vkSj ,lht
vkSj Msu ds cSad ij gh dbZ&dbZ jkr lks;s gSaA nwljs deZpkfj;kas dk
rks dguk gh D;k gSA**
iatkc fo/kkulHkk] 26 flrEcj] 1963] 13 114&115
/ 127
lafo/kku lHkk
Hkkjr ds foHkktu ls iwoZ tc lafo/kku lHkk dk xBu gqvk
rks lnL;ksa dh la[;k 389 FkhA buesa ls 292 lnL; fczfV'k bf.M;k
ls Fks] tksfd 25 deh'kufj;ksa ds vUrxZr vkrs FksA blds vykok 4
lnL; phQ deh'kuj izkUrksa ds Fks vkSj 'ks"k lnL; ns'kh fj;klrksa
ds FksA blds ckjs esa ;g dgk x;k Fkk fd bUgsa dksbZ gVk ugha
ldrk FkkA foHkktu ds mijkUr tc iatkc] caxky o vle dk
caVokjk gqvk] mu lwcksa ds lnL;ksa dk pquko nksckjk fd;k x;k FkkA
D;ksafd] muesa ls dqN rks ikfdLrku pys x, FksA
bl lnu ds ckjs esa pkS/kjh lkfgc ,d nwljh fnypLi ckr
crkrs gSa fd tc lafo/kku lHkk dk dke [kRe gqvk rks ;g lHkk
^lk;ukMkbZ ,MtuZ* gqbZ FkhA bls ^fMtksYo* ugha fd;k x;k FkkA
gekjs ,d lkFkh rks vkt rd Hkh ;g ekurs gSa fd ge yksx vkt
Hkh lafo/kku lHkk ds lnL; gSaA vHkh Hkh tc gesa Lihdj dh dksbZ
fpB~Bh vkrh gS rks ,Dl eSEcj ugha fy[krs gSa] cfYd eSEcj]
dkaLVhP;w,aV vlSEcyh vkWQ bf.M;k fy[krs gSaA mudks njvly
cnyk ugha tk ldrkA og u fgUnqLrku ds voke dh cl dh ckr
gS vkSj u dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds cl dh ckr FkhA bUVjO;q & pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag] usg: Lekjd laxzky; vkSj ykbcszjh ekSf[kd bfrgkl foHkkx] 25 vxLr]
1986] i`"B 52&53
lafo/kku lHkk ds lHkkifr Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h ugha gksrs Fks]

cfYd dkaxzsl ds iz/kku gksrs FksA vkpk;Z dìykuh mu fnuksa dkaxszl
ds iz/kku FksA foHkktu ds ckn tc iatkc dk nksckjk pquko gqvk rks
tks gfj;k.kk gS] mlds dqN usrk vkpk;Z dìykuh ls feys vkSj dgk
Fkk fd gekjh uqek;Unxh de gS] gekjk vkSj uqek;Unk gksuk pkfg,A
vkius crk;k fd %
128 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
^^dìkykuh dks tjk dVk{k djus dh vknr FkhaA vkpk;Z

dìykuh us dgk Fkk fd ;gka rks dqN vknfe;ksa dh pyrh gSA ;g
ogh vkneh Fks tks MkfaVx desVh ds lnL; FksA tks gekjs ns'k ds
usrk Fks ljnkj iVsy] ia- tokgj yky usg:] dsfcusV ds Hkh lkjs
vkneh------A mUgksaus dgk fd ckdh rks lc x/ks gSa] rqe Hkh viuk dksbZ
x/kk ca/kok ldrs gks rks ca/kok yksA** bUVjO;q & pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] usg:
Lekjd laxzky; vkSj ykbcszjh ekSf[kd bfrgkl foHkkx] 25 vxLr] 1986] i`"B
52&53
fo'ks"kK
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag xzkeh.k ifjos'k ls FkssA xzkeh.k os'k&Hkw"kk
FkhA lh/ks&lkns LokHkko ds FksA cseryc dk fn[kkok mudh izo`fr ls
ckgj dh ckr FkhA fdUrq tgka vkRelEekuh fdlku Fks ogka vius
fopkj ij Hkjkslk Hkh iDdk Fkk vkSj oDr iM+us ij dg Hkh nsrs FksA
vUrfje laln esa 23 Qjojh 1951 dks fjtoZ cSad la'kks/ku fcy
ij ppkZ gks jgh FkhA blesa Hkkx ys jgs FksA viuh ckr lekIr djrs
gq, tks dgk og xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk ij muds utfj;s dh lVhd
>yd nsrk gSA mUgksaus dgk%
^êSa lnu dk T;knk le; ugha ysuk pkgrkA ea=h egksn;]
fok ds cgqr cM+s fo'ks"kK gSa vkSj esjh gj ,d ckr dks tkudkj u
ekurs gq, galh esa Vky nsrs gSaA ;g Bhd gks ldrk gS fd eSa mu tSlk
fo'ks"kK ugha gwA ysfdu] esjk ;g nkok t:j gS fd tks fgUnqLrku
esa vius dks fo'ks"kK dgrs gSa] og 'kk;n fdlh vkS|ksfxd jkT; ds
fy, fo'ks"kK gksaA ysfdu] gekjs ns'k ds fy;s og dgka rd fo'ks"kK
gSa] blesa eq>s 'kd gSA**
/ 129
#rck
24 ekpZ] 1975 dh ckr gS tc jkT;lHkk esa ,izksfiz,'ku fcy

ij cgl gks jgh FkhA ;g lka; ikap cts ds ckn dk le; FkkA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us blds gd esa cgqr nsj rd viuh ckr dgh
vkSj foi{k ij dVk{k djrs gq, vkadM+s Hkh is'k fd, FksA
bl Lihp dks lqudj Jh ,e-th- xksjs us dgk Fkk fd %
"We have heard a wonderful speech on the appropriation Bill." lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 24 ekpZ]
1975] i`"B 132
22 fnlEcj] 1973 ds fnu ,izksfiz;lu fcy] 1973] ua- 4 o 5

ij jkT; lHkk esa cgl py jgh FkhA mlesa Hkkx ysrs le; tc
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag [kM+s gq, rks Jh Hkwis'k xqIrk us dgk Fkk]
'Sole speaker of the Congress Party now a days, go
on and ....' lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 22
fnlEcj] 1973] i`"B 61
27 uoEcj] 1974 ds fnu fjtoZ cSad vkWQ bf.M;k veSUMeSaUV

fcy] 1974 ij jkT; lHkk esa gks jgh ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs le; pkS/kjh
lkgc us cgqr ls vkadM+ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k FkkA Lihp lekIr gksrs gh
130 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
ml le; dh fok foHkkx dh fMIVh fefuLVj Jherh lq'khyk

jksgrxh us dgk Fkk %
^êkU;oj eSa igys c/kkbZ nwaxh] ekuuh; lnL; dksA mUgksaus

fjtoZ cSad ds foekx dh ckr dghA os vius fnekx esa bruh
bUQjes'ku dk fjtoZ j[krs gSa fd oDr] csoDr tc Hkh t:jr gksrh
gS vius Kku ls lkjs lnu dks ykHkkfUor dj nsrs gSaA** lalnh; cgl
dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 27 uoEcj] 1974] i`"B 166
25 tqykbZ] 1975 dks datosZ'ku vkWQ Qksjsu ,Dlpsat ,.M

fizosa'ku vkWQ Lefyax ,fDVhfoVht veSUMeSaUV fcy] 1975 ij jkT;
lHkk esa ppkZ ds nkSjku Hkkx ysrs gq, pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us uktk;t
rjhds ls tk;nkn cukus okys yksxksa dh ml tk;nkn dks tCr dj
fy;k tkuk pkfg,& ;g lykg fok ea=ky; dks ns jgs FksA vafre
yach Lihp ds ckn rRdkyhu fefuLVj vkWQ LVsV fok ea=ky; vc
jk"Vifr Jh iz.ko eq[kthZ us dgk Fkk &
"I am greatful to the Honorable member (Chaudhry
Ranbir Singh) fourceful arguments, but unfortunately neiather
am I to bring socialsm through this piece legislation nore am
I responsible for land ceilings and all these things. The only
relavent point with which I am concerned is, he has mentioned particularly about some officers of Rohtak. I would
like to have the details. If he can kindly give it to me. I would
look in to it regarding attachment of property or confiscea
tion. I have allready explant what steps we are goint to take."
The bill was passed. lalnh; cgl dk;Z okgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d]
25 tqykbZ] 1975] i`"B 84
/ 131
15 fnlEcj] 1972] bUdokjh bu Vw nh ,DVhfofVt vkWQ

QkWjsau buVSyhtSal ,tsaflat ds fo"k; ij jkT; lHkk esa ppkZ gks jgh
FkhA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ml ppkZ esa c<+p<+dj Hkkx fy;kA cs'kd
mudks NsM+[kkuh djds Jh uoy fd'kksj }kjk migkl Hkh mM+kus dk
iz;kl fd;k x;kA blds fy, uoy fd'kksj dk lkFk yksdukFk feJ
us Hkh fn;kA vkidks de i<+kfy[kk Hkh le>k x;k vkSj dgk x;kA
ysfdu var esa ml le; ds fefuLVj vkWQ gkse vQs;lZ Jh jke
fuokl fe/kkZ us mudh ppkZ dks ljkgk Fkk vkSj dgk Fkk fd %
Sir, I have listened with great care the speeches made
by the Honorable members today....The speech of Chaudhry
Ranbir singh gave the most devastating reply to some of the
argunments advanced during the course of debate." lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh jkT;lHkk 1972&78] Hkkx&,d] 15 fnlEcj] 1972] i`"B 170
15 ekpZ] 1961 ds fnu tujy ctV dh cgl esa fgLlk ysrs

gq, NksVs cM+s dkj[kkusnkjksa dh ckr gks jgh FkhA os lektoknh uhfr
dh ljkguk dj jgs FksA mUgksaus crk;k fd jksgrd esa ck<+ dk cgqr
ikuh vk;k gS vkSj fnYyh gksrs gq, tequk unh esa pyk;k tkrk gS]
bldk ft djrs gq, crk jgs Fks fd iatkc ljdkj us ,d djksM+
:i;k [kpZ djds cnjks Msu [kksnus dk QSlyk fd;k gSA lkFk gh
;g Hkh dg fn;k fd fnYyh vkSj jktLFkku ds lkFkh fctyh ysuk
pkgrs gSa] ihus dk ikuh ysuk pkgrs gSa] ysfdu cjlkr dk ikuh
fnYyh vkSj jktLFkku esa ugha vkus nsuk pkgrsA chp esa pqVdh ysrs
gq, uoy izHkkdj us dgk Fkk fd fnYyh dks Mqcksus ds fy, ugha vkuk
pkfg,A pkS/kjh lkgc us mkj fn;k Fkk vkSj >V ls dgk Fkk] ^^cnjks
dk ikuh ge pkbZuk esa rks Hkst ugha ldrsA eq>s ;g dguk gS fd
ge fnYyh ,MfefuLVs'ku dks bruk T;knk iSlk ns nsrs gSa fd blds
132 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
lkFk&lkFk vPNk O;ogkj djrs gSaA vkt mudks bruk ekSdk ugha
nsuk pkfg, fd vkt og gekjh rjDdh ds jkLrs esa [kMs+ gksaA lalnh;
cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 15 ekpZ] 1961] i`"B 5193
etnwjksa dks mfpr osru ij

U;wure osru la'kks/ku fcy ij yksdlHkk esa cgl ds
nkSjku vkius tksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd dke djus okyksa dks mfpr
etnwjh feyuh pkfg,A vxj og Qkyrw dke djrk gS rks mls D;ksa
u Qkyrw etnwjh feys\ vkius dgk Fkk fd %
^^ftl rjg lSUVy xoZuesaV viuh txg ij gS] jkT;

ljdkjsa viuh txg ij gSaA mlh izdkj ls uxjikfydk,a vkSj ftyk
cksMZ Hkh viuh txg ij ogha dke dj jgs gSaA vxj ljdkj dk
dksbZ fgLlk vius etnwjksa dks mfpr etnwjh ugha nsrk rks og vPNh
ckr ugha gSA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 11 fnlEcj]
1959] i`"B 4738
;wa rks gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk esa izk;% iz'ukskjdky esa dHkh ugha
f>>ds vkSj [kqys iz'u fd;k djrs FksA ysfdu] dHkh dHkh rks
vglkl gksrk Fkk fd ekuksa os fojks/kh i{k dh Hkwfedk Hkh fuHkk jgs gSaA
,d fnu eq[;ea=h us lnu esa ,slk dg fn;kA ;g Qjojh] 1971 esa
nh iatkc 'kqxjdsu jsxwys'ku vkWQ ijpst ,.M lIykbZ gfj;k.kk
veSUMesaV fcy] d`f"k ea=h us ewo fd;k Fkk] ftl ij xjekxje cgl
gks jgh FkhA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ljdkj dks psrkouh nh Fkh fd
M~;wVh ekQ djrs le; ljdkj lgdkjh 'kqxj feyksa dk lgkjk
ysdj izkbosV lSDVj dh feyksa dks Hkh ekQ dj nsrh gS] tks Bhd ugha
gSA ;g uktk;t fj;k;r gSA lcds lkFk ,d lk crkZo djus dh
vkM+ esa phQ ehfuLVj lkgc pank bDdBk djus dh [kkfrj fj;k;r
/ 133
djrs gSa] ftlls gekjh ikVhZ ds cnuke gksus dk Mj gSA chp esa
Vksdrs gq, eq[;ea=h us dg fn;k fd]
^
ôgka ls pkS/kjh lkgc gh pank ysus x, gksaxsA---dk;ns dkuwu

ykxw gksaxs os lcds fy, ,dlk ykxw gksaxsA**
bl ij pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us cM+h fuMjrk rFkk Li"V :i esa
phQ feuhLVj dks pSysat djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd %
êq>s vQlksl gS fd gekjs eq[;ea=h th yhMj vkWQ nh
gkl gSaA mUgas ,slh Hkk"kk dh vknr gks xbZ gS] tksfd mudks cksyuh
ugha pkfg,A tks Hkh dksbZ nwljk phQ ehfuLVj vk,xk] rHkh bldk
Hk.Mk [kqy ldrk gSA blfy, eq[;ea=h th us ;g 'kCn esjs fy,
bLrseky fd, gSa] os fcYdqy fujk/kkj gSa] xyr gSaA vxj eq[;ea=h
th ds ikl dksbZ Hkh ljdkjh dkxt gks ;k vU; dksbZ f'kdk;r gks
rks eSnku esa yk,aA**
bl ij phQ fefuLVj us dgk Fkk %
^^vxj vkids ikl lcwr gS vkSj ljdkj us pank fy;k gS rks
crk,aA vki rks ljdkj dks cnuke djus ij yxs gSaA ljdkj dks
cnuke djus ds fy, vksiksft'ku dk jksy Iys dj jgs gSaA** gfj;k.kk
fo/kkulHkk] 16 Qjojh 1971] i`"B 9 72
ihNs iM dj dke djokuk

;g lu~ 1952 dh ckr gS] tc Hkhelsu lPpj iatkc ds
eq[;ea=h FksA jksgrd 'kgj esa dqN gfjtuksa ds edkuksa dh tehu
Nhuuh 'kq: dj nh xbZ FkhA D;ksafd 'kgjksa dh tehu ds fy, iatkc
vlsEcyh dks dkuwu cukus dk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA jhgSchysVs'ku
ea=ky; dh ftEesnkjh FkhA esgjpUn [kUuk dsUnz esa ea=h FksA eSaus mu
134 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
gfjtuksa dh rdyhQ ds fo"k; esa ckr dh Fkh] ftues edku fxjk;s

tk jgs FksA [kUuk th eq>s Vjdk dj pys x;sA pkykd vkneh FksA
eSaus Hkh bl ckr dks le> fy;k vkSj QkSju gh iafMr usg: ls le;
ekaxk vkSj fey x;kA iafMr th dk esjs lkFk I;kj FkkA mUgksaus
galdj esjh ckr ekuh vkSj gfjtuksa dh tehu uhyke gksus ls cp
xbZA blls [kUuk lkgc esjs ls cqjk eku x;s] D;ksafd iafMr th us
ml fo"k; esa l[r i= fy[k fn;k FkkA eq>s ,d fnu dgus yxs]
lh/ks iafMr th ds ikl D;ksa tkrs gks\ ogka D;ksa x;s Fks\ ;fn
iz/kkuea=h ukjkt gks tkrs rks esjh ukSdjh pyh tkrhA rqEgsa ogka
tkdj ckr ugha djuh pkfg;s FkhA eSaus dgk fd eSa D;k djrk\
vkius rks esjh ckr lquh ughaA bUVjO;q & pkS/kjh j.kchj flag] usg: Lekjd
laxzky; vkSj ykbcszjh ekSf[kd bfrgkl foHkkx] 25 vxLr] 1986] i`"B 44
,d ry[k fVIi.kh
boSY;w,'ku vkWQ ,xzhdYpjy fjlpZ izksxzke ds laca/k esa laln
esa lksp fopkj gks jgk FkkA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dks laln esa bl
le; rd yxkrkj 12 o"kZ gks pqds FksA mudh igpku fdlkuksa ds
uqekbUns dh gks xbZ FkhA os pkgrs Fks fd fdlkuksa dh HkykbZ ds fy,
dqN dj ik;saA
cgl esa Hkkx ysrs gq, mUgksaus yk;yiqj ikfdLrku ,xzhdYpj
dkWyst ds tks fizalhiy jgs Fks] mudk ft fd;k vkSj crk;k Fkk fd
jko cgknqj pkS/kjh jke/ku flag*] ftUgksaus lh&591 uacj dk xsgwa
bZtkn fd;k Fkk vkSj os egku d`f"k fo'ks"kK FksA blh rjg ls mUgksaus
[ksrhckM+h dh fjlpZ dk Hkh cM+k dke fd;k Fkk] ftlls iatkc izkUr
dks cgqr Qk;nk gqvk FkkA ftlls ge flj apk djds j[k ldrs
gSaA mUgksaus dgk %
/ 135
^^ysfdu ge ns[krs gSa fd gekjh dkSafly gSA ,xzhdYpj fjlpZ

vkSj baLVhP;wV gSaA ysfdu] muds ,sls lTtuksa dks] ftUgksaus ns'k dh
lsok dh gS] buesa dksbZ uke ugha gSA**
mUgksuas vkxs pydj dgk fd nwljs ns'kksa ds vUnj 70 o"kZ rd
tks yksx fjlpZ dk dke djus okys gSa] mudk Qk;nk mBkrs gSaA
gekjs ns'k esa Hkh ,sls egku oSKkfudksa ls Qk;nk mBk;k tk;sA
mUgksaus nq%[k Hkjs eu ls laln ds lEeq[k dgk fd %
^^*ysfdu cnfdLerh ls gekjs ns'k esa ,slh O;oLFkk ugha gSA

gekjh dkSafly ds vUnj euksu;u gksrk gS vkSj jk"Vifr th
jkT;lHkk esa Hkh uksfeus'ku djrs gSa] ogka vkids cM+s vPNs xkus okyksa
vkSj ukpus okyksa ds fy, txg gSA ysfdu] ftlus ns'k ds fy,
fjlpZ djds lsok dh gS vkSj ftlus ns'k dk /ku nkSyr c<+kus esa
enn dh gS] mlds fy, LFkku ugha gSA bldk eq>s nq%[k gSA**
lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 11 ekpZ] 1960] i`"B 5531&32
vkxs pydj blh cgl ds nkSjku vkius dgk Fkk fd MkWDVj

jke/ku flag dk gd gels dgha T;knk gSA
^êq>s fxyk u jgs] gekjs iatkc ds xoZuj ;k jk"Vifr ds

uksfeus'ku ls vxj MkWDVj lkgc bafM;u dkSafly vkWQ ,xzhdYpj
fjlpZ esa muls dksbZ Qk;nk mBk;sa] tcls os iSa'ku vk, gSa] rc ls
yxkrkj dkxt fudky jgs gSaA pwafd os nsgkrh gSa vkSj mnwZ esa gh
Niokrs gSaA D;ksafd mnwZ ds vykok dksbZ nwljk v[kckj mudks Nkisxk
ughaA vxj fjlpZ odZj nsgkrh gks rks vki vUnktk yxk ldrs gSa]
D;ksafd mldh ckr dksbZ ugha lqusxkA mUgsaus cgqr dke dh ckrsa
NiokbZ gSaA** lalnh; cgl dk;Zokgh yksdlHkk 1957&62] 11 ekpZ] 1960]
i`"B 5533
136 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
nh uknZu bafM;u duky ,.M Msust iatkc veSaMesaV fcy]

1963 ij cgl djus gsrq flapkbZ o fctyh o ea=h pkS/kjh j.kchj
flag dh cM+kbZ djrs gq, iafMr fpjath yky 'kekZ us dgk Fkk %
^^fMIVh Lihdj lkfgck] bl oDr tks fcy gkl esa tsjs cgl
gS] mldh LVsVeSaV vkWQ vkctsDVl ,aM jhtUt dks ns[kk tk;s rks
ml utfj, ls cs'kd ea=h egksn; eqckjdckn ds eqLrgd gSa fd
tehankjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh fMQhdYVht dk vglkl djrs gq,
izksflfMaXt dks ,LihMkbV djus dh xjt ls ;g fcy yk;s gSaA**
iatkc fo/kku lHkk] 5 viSzy] 1963] i`"B 33 62
o"kZ 1950 esa vUrfje laln esa Hkkjrh; lsuk ds iquxZBu ds

fo"k; esa ppkZ gks jgh FkhA iz'u Fkk fd lsuk esa jsthesaV dks ,d tkfr
o oxZ dh u jgus fn;k tk;sA cfYd lcdks feyk tqyk cuk fn;k
tk;sA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us tksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd eSa tkfrokn esa
fo'okl ugha j[krkA ysfdu] bl fo"k; esa eq>s fe=ksa rFkk fj'rsnkjksa
ls ckrphr djus ij vglkl gqvk gS fd mUgsa tkfr o oxZ fo'ks"k
ds uke ij gh cus jgus fn;k tk;sA D;ksafd ;q) ds le; budks
tc muds iqj[kksa dh cgknqjh dh ckr ;kn fnykbZ tkrh gS rks ej
feVus ds fy, rS;kj jgrs gSaA tSls fd kal esa 6 uacj tkV jsthesaV
dh cgknqjh dh nkLrku crkus ij tkV jsthesaVh dh dksbZ Hkh iyVu
gks]] og loZLo feVkus dks rS;kj gks tk;sxhA
&&&&&&&&&&&
/ 137
* jko cgknqj pkS/kjh jke/ku flag %laf{kIr ifjp;

1 ebZ] 1891&17 vizSy] 1977
tUe % xko fdyksbZ] ftyk jksgrdA
firk dk uke % pkS/kjh 'kadj flag
f'k{kk % xoZuesaV dkWyst] jksgrd] iwlk fcgkj] yk;yiqj iatkc
rFkk dSEczst yUnuA
d`f"k foKku esa [kkst %
1- xsgw dh ukS izdkj dh fdLesa] ftuesa lh&518 rFkk lh&591 fo'o
izfl) jghA
2- /kku dh vkB fdLesa] ftlesa cklerh 370 fo'o izfl)A
3- tkS fd ikp fdLesaA
4- nkyksa dh rhu fdLesaA
o"kZ 1925 esa yk;yiqj d`f"k fo|ky; esa ukSdjh izkjaHk dh vkSj
o"kZ 1946 esa fizafliy ds in ls lsokfuo`r gksdj lksuhir esa jgus
yxsA 2 tuojh] 1961 dks ikfdLrku ds rRdkyhu jk"Vifr tujy
v;qc [kku }kjk O;fDrxr :i esa ind nsdj lEefur fd;k x;kA
o"kZ 1939 esa lj feukMZ xaxkjke iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k]
ftlesa rhu gtkj :i;s jkf'k Hkh 'kkfey FkhA lu~ 1943 esa jko
cgknqj dk f[krkc fn;k x;kA nl o"kZ rd tkV f'k{k.k laLFkku
jksgrd ds iz/kku in ij jgsA vfirq] vkidh ;ksX;rkvksa rFkk vuqHko
ds vuqlkj rRdkyhu ljdkj us dksbZ Hkh ykHk ugha mBk;k] dkj.k
pkgs dqN Hkh jgk gksA
138 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
mi l a
gkj
;g bfrgkl leEr ckr gS fd lalkj esa izR;sd O;fDr dk

tUe ls ikyu&iks"k.k rFkk ikfjokfjd laLdkjksa ,oa vius le; dh
gkyr ij vk/kkfjr 'kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld fodkl fuHkZj jgrk gSA
mlds O;fDrRo dh fn'kk r; djus esa bl ckr ij cgqr fuHkZj djrk
gS fd mls vius cM+s&cw<+ksa ls fojklr esa fdl izdkj ds ekgkSy rFkk
fdl izdkj ds laLdkj izkIr gq, gSaA
;fn fojklr esa xq.k lEiUu vFkok LoLFk izkd`fr lalk/ku feys
gSa rks mldk O;fDrRo mlh izdkj loZfgr gsrq fu[kj dj cusxk]
vU;Fkk ftl voxq.k dh ckgqY;rk gksxh] mldk lekos'k Hkh mlh
vuqikr ls O;fDr fo'ks"k ds O;fDrRo ds fodkl dks izHkkfor djrk
gS] ftlls vfgr rFkk fgr dk vuqikr mlds xq.k] voxq.kksa ds
vuqikr ij fuHkZj jgsxkA
dguk u gksxk fd pkS/kjh j.kchj flag dks ckydiu ls ysdj
tokuh rd ds le; esa LoPN ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k ns'kHkfDr dh
Hkkouk] xzkeh.k thou dh nSfud dfBukbZ;ksa ls tw>uk] lsokHkko]
jk"Vh; n`f"Vdks.k rFkk egf"kZ n;kuan ds osn lans'kksa dh >yd
feyrh jghA mPp f'k{kk izkfIr ds nkSjku Hkkjr dh jkt/kkuh fnYyh
esa jgdj okLrfod thou ls lEcaf/kr fofHkUu igyqvksa dk Hkh Kku
gqvk] tSls vkRefo'okl] bZekunkjh] LokyEcu] oxZ la?k"kZ] O;ogkfjd
prqjkbZ le> iru vkSj mRFkku bR;kfnA lkFk gh fHkUu&fHkUu
/ 139
izns'kksa ls lEidZ esa vk, gq, vutku O;fDr;ksa ds lg;ksx esa jgdj
ijLij O;ogkj dh lw> le> ds lkFk Lora= thou;kiu dk rtqZck
izkIr gqvkA
lnSo gh vki yhikiksrh] pkiywlh] th gtwjh ls ?k`.kk djrs Fks]
D;ksafd vkius ns[kk fd vkids firk pkS/kjh ekrwjke tSynkj gksrs gq,
Hkh vaxzst dh pkiywlh rFkk th gtwjh ugha djrs FksA og lnSo gh
ns'kfgr ds dk;ksZa esa lyXu jgrs FksA bl ckr dk izHkko vkids fny
fnekx ij xgjh Nki NksM+ x;kA
o"kZ 1914 bZLoh ls ysdj 1940 bZLoh rd bu 26 o"kksZa ds nkSjku
vkius tks dqN ns[kk] i<+k vkSj eglwl fd;k] mlds gh ifj.kkeLo:i
vkids O;fDrRo esa ns'k dks vktkn djkus dh Hkkouk mruh gh rhozrk
ls iuih fd 'kh?kz gh vkius vius firk th ls btktr ysdj
lh/kk gh lu~ 1940 esa lf; jktuhfr esa izos'k djus dk fu.kZ;
fy;k vkSj fQj thou i;ZUr dHkh ihNs eqM+dj ugha ns[kkA mu fnuksa
f}rh; egk;q) tksjksa ij FkkA
lu~ 1941 ls ysdj vxys ikp o"kZ rd vki cs[kkSQ tsy tkrs
jgs vkSj nqHkkZX;o'k mUgha fnukas 14 tqykbZ] 1942 dks vkids firkth
dk nsgkolku gks x;kA vkidk O;fDrRo vHkh rd bruk ifjiDo gks
pqdk Fkk fd ;|fi vkidks xgjk nq%[k rks gqvk] ysfdu vkidks vius
y{; ls fopfyr ugha dj ldkA blds mijkUr Hkh vkidks yxkrkj
pkj&ikp ckj tsy tkuk iM+kA
fo'o;q) lekIr gqvk vkSj vUrr% Hkkjr dks vktknh feyhA
ml le; Hkh vki tsy esa gh FksA 10 tqykbZ] 1947 dks vkidk pquko
lafo/kku lHkk esas lnL; ds rkSj ij gks x;k rFkk vkius 14 tqykbZ]
1947 dks lnL;rk gsrq 'kiFk xzg.k dh FkhA bl le; vkidh vk;q
140 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
dsoy 32 o"kZ ikj dh Fkh vkSj lafo/kku lHkk esa lcls NksVh vk;q ds
lnL; FksA
fiNys ikp&lkr o"kksZa dh dfBu HkkxnkSM+ dh ftUnxh ls
vkius cgqr dqN lh[kk rFkk vkSj dqN dj fn[kkus dh BkuhA dqN
gh fnuksa ds fpUru ds ckn vkius dqN eqn~nksa dks viuk fy;k vkSj
mu ij vey djus ds fy, dksbZ dksj dlj mBkdj ugha j[khA
thou i;ZUr fdlku vkSj muds fgrksa dh fpUrk jgh] pkgs Hkwfe
vf/kxzg.k gks] mit dk mfpr ewY;] ikuh] cht] [kkn vFkok
dhVuk'kd nokbZ;ka gksaA pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ckY;dky ls gh Hkwfe
dh mi;ksfxrk ds fo"k; esa Kku FkkA mUgksaus ubZ fnYyh dks curs
ns[kk rks fnYyh nsgkr ds fdlkuksa dh d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe Vdksa ds Hkko
ls vf/kxzfgr dh tk jgh FkhA mudks mfpr ewY; Hkh ugha fn;k tk
jgk FkkA mlwyu vkidks Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k dksbZ fojks/k ugha FkkA ;fn
fojks/k Fkk rks mfpr ewY; u nsus vkSj fdlkuksa ds ctk, eqvkotk nsus
ds tehu ds cnys tehu u nsus dk FkkA
ekSdk feyrs gh vkius flrEcj] 1948 esa dgk fd %
^^,d fdlku vkSj [ksrh djus okys ds ukrs eSa bl ckr dks
vPNh rjg le>rk gw fd tehu dk eqvkotk D;k gksrk gS\ vki
mls fdruk gh eqvkotk ns nsa rks Hkh iwjk ugha gksrkA u mlds ikl
tehu gS] uk ?kj gS] u iSlk jgrk gSA mldks tehu ds cnys tehu
nsaA**
vki ges'kk gh dgrs Fks fd ftl O;fDr ds iwoZtksa us [ksrh ds
vykok dksbZ vU; dke ugha fd;k rks og viuk O;olk; dSls
cnysxkA mUgksaus tgka Hkh ekSdk feyk ogha] bl eqn~ns ij vius fopkj
/ 141
j[ksA vki tksj nsdj dgk djrs Fks fd catj rFkk d`f"k ds v;ksX;
tehu dk vf/kxzg.k djsa] u fd d`f"k ;ksX; Hkwfe dkA ;fn ,slh Hkwfe
vf/kzxzg.k djuk gh iM+ tk, rks mu HkkbZ;ksa dks catj tehu pkyw
djds nh tkuh pkfg,A mudks v/kj esa ugha NksM+uk pkfg,A tehu
dk loky vHkh rd gy ugha gqvk gSA cgl tkjh gSA blfy, gesa
mudh nwjnf'kZrk dk yksgk ekuuk iM+sxkA
mudh yM+kbZ d`f"k mit dk mfpr ewY; fnyokus ds fy, Hkh
thou i;ZUr tkjh jghA bl fo"k; ij vkius lHkh lnuksa esa ft
fd;k vkSj tksjnkj rjhds ls mBk;k HkhA vkius xsgwa] dikl] puk]
cktjk] xqM+ twV] ewaxQyh bR;kfn ds ewY;ksa dh rqyuk cktkj Hkko
ls dh vkSj Qly vkus ds le; ds ewY;ksa rFkk tc Qly fcd
tkrh gSA mlds ckn ds ewY;ksa dh rqyuk djds viuh ckr dgh vkSj
mls fdlku ds izfr ?kksj vU;k; crk;kA blh fo"k; dks ysdj jsyos
ctV ij Hkh cgl djrs le; fdlku dks vPNs Hkko cspus ds fy,
jsyos }kjk cSxu ugha fn, tkus dk eqn~nk ckj&ckj mBk;kA D;ksafd
xqM+ ds lhtu esa iatkc o gfj;k.kk o ;w-ih- esa rks xqM+ dkSfM+;ksa ds
Hkko fcdrk Fkk vkSj cEcbZ o dydrk esa nks&rhu xq.kk T;knk
fcdrk Fkk] ftldk lh/kk Qk;nk fcpkSfy, ,tsUV mBkrs Fks] ftudks
dksbZ xqM+kbZ o uykbZ ugha djuh iM+rh FkhA D;skafd d`f"k mRiknu
mfpr ewY; lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk liksVZ izkbZt
fu;qDr ugha dh tkrh FkhA bu lc iz;klksa ds ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd
vkt izkarh; ljdkjsa d`f"k mRiknu liksVZ izkbZl fuf'pr djrh gSA
;g pkS/kjh lkfgc dh nwjnf'kZrk rFkk fujUrj vFkd ifjJe dk
ifj.kke gSA
usg: Lekjd laxzgky; dks bUVjO;w nsrs le; o"kZ 1986 esa Hkh
muds g`n; esa fdlku dh d`f"k mit ds ckjs esa rM+Q FkhA mUgksaus
142 / vyx jkg dsi S
j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
dgk i`"B 66 nsf[k, %

^^gekjk xsgwa&puk fnYyh esa ftl Hkko ls fcdrk] ml Hkko
dHkh ugha fcdrkA mUgsa mlls D;k ysuk nsuk gSA pkgs ea=h dksbZ cus]
mudsk rks vius fgr dh ijokg gSA**
vkius xzkeh.k fodkl dh xfr rst djus ckjs vkSj i'kq/ku ds
cpko ds ckjs esa ntZuksa ckj eqn~ns mBk,A mudk dguk Fkk fd ftl
rsth ls 'kgjksa dk fodkl gks jgk gS] ml xfr ls xzkeh.k fodkl]
drbZ ugha gks jgk gSA vki dgk djrs Fks fd Ldwy] Mkd[kkus]
gLirky rks cgqr nwj dh ckr gS] ogka rks vkus vkus ds lk/ku Hkh ugha
gSaA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa LokLF; laca/kh lsokvksa dh deh rks gS gh] vfirq
f'k{k.k ds {ks= esa cgqr fiNM+s gq, gSaA nsgkr esa 70 izfr'kr yksx clrs
gSa] tks bu lc lqfo/kkvksa ls oafpr gSaA mudk fgLlk mudks feyuk
pkfg,A ysfdu] nqHkkZ; dh ckr gS fd mudh ckr dks dksbZ ugha
lqurkA D;ksafd u rks muds ikl dksbZ viuk v[kckj gS vkSj u gh
dksbZ ,slk eap gS] ftlds }kjk viuk nq%[kM+k jksdj lquk ldsA izsl
esa mudh vkokt dHkh vkrh gh ughaA
i'kq/ku cpkus ds fo"k; esa vkius dbZ ckj laln eas vkokt
mBkbZ Fkh vkSj dgk fd gekjs nq/kk: o vPNh uly ds i'kq cEcbZ
vkSj dydkk ynku esa pys tkrs gSaA tc nw/k ls lw[k tkrs gSa]
mudks ogha ij cwpM+ [kkus esa Hkst fn;k tkrk gSA 2 djksM+ lky ds
i'kq ckgj tkrs gSa] ;fn mudks ljdkj lgk;rk djds okfil
gfj;k.kk] iatkc eaxk ys rks ge viuh Nkrh ls yxkdj mudk
ikyu iks"k.k djsaxsA nq/kk: uLy u"V gks jgh gS] fdlh dks dksbZ
fQdj ugha gSA ;g iz;Ru csurhtk jgsA
;equk ?kkVh fodkl ;kstuk ds ckjs esa pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us
/ 143
lcls igys laln esa vkokt mBkbZ FkhA ;g ckr Qjojh] 1948 dh
gSA tc ;equk ?kkVh fuxe LFkkiuk ij cgl py jgh FkhA mUgksaus
;g Hkh ;kn fnyk;k Fkk fd ge lc yksx ;equk unh ds fdukjs ij
cSBs gq, gSaA ;gka ls ;equk unh xqtjrh FkhA bl ckr dks nh;s rys
va/ksjk crk;k vkSj tksj nsdj dgk Fkk fd fcuk fdlh foyEc ds gesa
;g izkstsDV fo'ks"k rkSjij fd'kk MSe iwjk dj fn;k tk,] ftlls
ge fdlkuksa dks cgqr vPNh gkyr esa ns[k ik,axsA
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag fganh Hkk"kk dks mfpr ntkZ fnykus ds fy,
cgqr iz;Ru'khy jgsA blh rjg gfj;k.kk dks vyx izkUr cuokus esa
mudh vxz.kh Hkwfedk jgh ftlij vyx ls foLr`r iqLrd fy[kus
dh vko';drk gksxhA
144 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g
pkS/kjh j.kchj flag % laf{kIr thou ?kVuke

firkJh % pkS/kjh ekrwjke
ekrkJh % Jherh ekedkSj
nknk th % pkS/kjh c[rkoj flag
nknh th % Jherh /kUuks
HkkbZ&cgu %
1- Mk- cychj flag
2- lqJh pUnzkorh
3- pkS/kjh Qrsg flag
o"kZ
1914
1920
1924
1929
1933
1937
1941
1941
1941
1941
1941
1942
1942
1943
1944
1944
1944
26 uoEcj
5 viSzy
ebZ
24 fnlEcj
14 tqykbZ
24 flrEcj
25 viSzy
24 tqykbZ
28 flrEcj
7 vDrwcj
fooj.k
% tUe jksgrd ftys ds lka?kh xko esa
% izkFkfed f'k{kk gsrq xko ds Ldwy esa izos'kA
% izkFkfed f'k{kk iw.kZ] xq:dqy HkSaloky esa izoskA
% ykgkSj vf/ko'ku esa cM+s HkkbZ ds lkFk f'kjdrA
% oS; Ldwy] jksgrd ls eSfVd dh ijh{kk mkh.kZ
% jketl dkWyst] fnYyh ls ch-,- mkh.kZ
% lf; jktuhfr esa izos'k
% izFke tsy ;k=k O;fDrxr lR;kxzg
% tsy ls fjgk
% nwljh tsy ;k=k
% tsy ls fjgk
% firkJh dk nsgkar
% rhljh tsy ;k=k Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyuA
% eqYrku ls ykgkSj tsy esa
% tsy ls fjgk
% pkSFkh tsy ;k=k utjcanh mYya?ku
% jksgrd tsy ls vEckyk tsy esa
/ 145
1945
1945
1945
1947
1947
1948
1952
1957
1962
1962
1966
14 Qjojh
18 fnlEcj
10 tqykbZ
14 tqykbZ
6 uoEcj
1 uoEcj
1968 12&14 ebZ

1972 viSzy
1977
1978
1980
2009 1 Qjojh
2009 2 Qjojh
% tsy ls fjgk
% iqu% fxjrkjhA
% tsy ls fjgkbZA
% lafo/kku lHkk lnL; fuokZfpr
% lafo/kku lHkk lnL;rk xzg.k
% lafo/kku lHkk esa izFke Hkk"k.k
% jksgrd yksdlHkk lhV ls fot;h
% nwljh ckj yksdlHkk ds fy, fot;h gq,A
% iatkc fo/kku lHkk esa dykukSj ls fot;h
% iatkc esa fctyh o flapkbZ ea=h
% gfj;k.kk&xBuA
% ea=h in ij fu;qDr
% e/;kof/k pqukoA gfj;k.kk fo/kkulHkk ds fy,
fot;h
% jkT;lHkk ds fy, pqus x,
% gfj;k.kk dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds v/;{k cus
% jkT;lHkk esa dk;Zdky lEiUu
% gfj;k.kk dkaxzsl v/;{k dk;Zdky lEiUu
% fu/ku
% jksgrd esa ^lekf/k&LFky* ij vaR;sf"V
146 / vyx jkg dsi S

j ksdkj pkS
/kjhj.kchj fl a
g

Alag Rah Ke Perokar Chaudhry Ranbir Singh

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Alag Rah Ke Perokar Chaudhry Ranbir Singh

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Copyright:

Available Formats

vyx jkg ds iSjksdkj

vyx jkg ds iSjksdkj

ys[kd dh vksj ls@iqLrd ifjp;

v/;k;&2- d`f"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl

v/;k;&3- Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k

v/;k;&4- ;equk unh dk fodkl

v/;k;&5- Hkk[kM+k cka/k

pkS/kjh j.kchj flag % laf{kIr thou ?kVuke

HkwisUnz flag gqM~Mk

MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY

xiv / vyx jkg dsi S

vyx jkg dsi S

dh tehuh gdhdr ls tUeh FkhA ml le; mudh vk;q 32 lky

bl iqLrd dks rS;kj djus ds ihNs foksk iz;kstu gSA fdlku

okrkoj.k esa Nkus yxk gS rks ekuoh; fj'rks dk voewY;;u gksdj

rcds dk Kkuh gksus dk nEHk lkrosa vkleku ij jgrk gS vkSj os

xxvi / vyx jkg dsi S

pkS/kjh j.kchj flag jketl dkfyt] fnYyh ls xszT;q,V

lafo/kku lHkk dk ifjn`';

^^lafo/kku lHkk esa ,d ls ,d fnXxt FksA dgka cM+s&cM+s

bl euksHkkouk dks ysdj os lafo/kku lHkk esa lf; gq,A muds

FkhA 4 uoEcj] 1948 dks MkfVax desVh dh vksj ls fof/keU=h us

^^eq>s rks izlUurk gS fd fo/kku ds elfons esa xkao dks ckgj

bl ij lnu esa ckosyk ep x;kA lnu nks fgLlksa esa caV

vPNs Lo'kklu dk ekWMy cu ldrh gSaA eSa lksprk gwa fd lafo/kku

lnu dh dk;Zokgh ls fy, x, bu pan m)j.kksa ls ckr lkQ

gksuk vkSj ml iSnkokj dk mfpr ewY; u feyuk] e.Mh esa fdlku

^^eSa ,d nsgkrh gw] fdlku ds ?kj iyk gw vkSj ijofj'k ik;k

3- lHkh ukxfjdksa ds fy, os i;kZIr Hkkstu ikuh vkSj diM+s dk

4- vki vkjEHk ls gh d`f"k mRiknu dk mfpr ewY; fnykus ds

^^fiNys fnuksa dk ft gS fd xqM+ vkSj dbZ phtksa dh izkbZl

12 \ vyx jkg dsi S

5- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag nsgkfr;ksa dk uqekbUnk Fks vkSj izk;%

^^lHkkifr egksn;] ftl baVjsLV dk eSa izfrfuf/kRo djrk gw

^^dy gh xqM+ ds ckjs esa ,d loky dk tokc nsrs gq, ea=h

ldrkA bldk urhtk ;g gksrk gS fd tks xqM+ iSnk djus okyk

blds QyLo:i xqM+ ds fy, izkFkfedrk ij jsyxkfM+;ka pykbZ

8- Lora= Hkkjr esa uoxfBr ljdkj ls xzkeh.k fdlkuksa ds izfr

djus dh vksj /;ku fnykrs gq, vius g`n; dh Vhl bl izdkj ls

^^v/;{k egksn;] eSa ,d nsgkrh gw vkSj fdlku gwA eSa tc

9- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us blh cgl esa vkxs pydj ;g Hkh

10- pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us ckj&ckj xqM+ dh ?kVrh gqbZ dherksa

dh vksj /;ku fnyk;k vkSj crk;k fd og dbZ ckj dg pqds gSa fd

[ksrh ds vUnj dksbZ lq/kkj djuk pkgs ;k u, d`f"k ds vkStkj

12- 14 ekpZ] 1950 dks iz'udky ds le; esa pkS/kjh lkgc us

13- D;ksafd d`f"k ij fjlpZ ds ifj.kke o lwpuk xzkeh.k bykdksa

^^eSa blds fy, T;knk ugha dguk pkgrkA ,d lq>ko viuk

LFkkiuk dh xbZA Lojkt dh fdj.ksa] 27 ekpZ] 1950] i`"B 53

ljklj fdlku ds lkFk vU;k; gSA

16- pkS/kjh lkfgc us crk;k fd vkidks ekywe gS fd rdkoh

20 \ vyx jkg dsi S

^^eSa gkml dk T;knk oDr u ysrs gq, vkSj D;ksafd gekjs

18- 18 fnlEcj] 1950 dks pkS/kjh lkgc us [kk| oLrqvksa ds

^^vkt voLFkk ;g gS fd ge vius ns'k dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr rc

vki daVksy vkSj fMdaVksy dk [ksy er [ksfy,A ---dHkh daVksy

^^ysfdu ogh vukt] ogh eDdh tks ;w-ih- ds vkSj iatkc ds

bl ij rqjkZ ;g gksrk gS fd vukt vc Hkh fdlku ds ?kj esa

^^dk'rdkj dks etcwj fd;k tkrk gS fd og xqM+ fu;fU=r

pkS/kjh j.kchj flag us dgk fd

esjh le> esa dqN ,slk vkrk gS fd ljdkj ds fcy esa

^^og blfy, cryk;k gS fd [ksrh ds dke ds fy, rhu fdLe

fjtoZ cSad dk gokyk nsrs gq, vkius crk;k fd dqa, ds yksu

^^gekjs ;gka dikl cksus okys gSaA 'kkVZLVsiy NksVs js'ks dh

fglkc ls [kjhnok nsrs gSaA ogh dikl xzkeh.k ds ikl ls vkus ds