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International Journal of Mathematics And Its Applications
Vol.1 No.1 (2013), pp.47-52.
ISSN: 2347-1557(online)
Asymptotically Lacunary Statistically Equivalent
Sequences of Interval Numbers
Ayhan Esi
,1
and Ayten Esi

,
Science and Art Faculty,
Department of Mathematics, Adiyaman University,
02040, Adiyaman, Turkey.
aesi23@hotmail.com
Abstract : In this article we present the following denition of asymptotic equivalence which is natural
combination of the denition for asymptotically equivalent and lacunary statistical convergence of interval
numbers. Let = (k
r
) be a lacunary sequence, then the two sequnces x = (x
k
) and 0 / y = (y
k
) of
interval numbers are said to be asymptotically lacunary statistically equivalent to multiple 1 = [1, 1]
provided that for every > 0
lim
r
1
h
r

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, 1
_

_

= 0.
Keywords : Asymptotically equivalent, lacunary sequence, interval numbers.
1 Introduction
The idea of statistical convergence for single sequences was introduced by Fast [7] in 1951. Schoenberg
[15] studied statistical convergence as a summability method and listed some elementary properties of
statistical convergence. Both of these authors noted that if a bounded sequence is statistically convergent,
1
Corresponding author E-Mail: aesi23@hotmail.com (Ayhan Esi)
AMS Subject Classification: 40A05, 40C05, 46D25.
c JS Publication
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48 Int. J. Math. And Its App. Vol.1 No.1 (2013)/ Ayhan Esi and Ayten Esi
then it is Cesaro summable. Existing work on statistical convergence appears to have been restricted
to real or complex sequence, but several authors extended the idea to apply to statistically sequences of
fuzzy numbers and also introduced and discussed the concept of statistically sequences of fuzzy numbers.
Chiao in [1] introduced sequence of interval numbers and dened usual convergence of sequences of
interval number. Sengon ul and Eryilmaz in [16] introduced the concepts of bounded and convergent
sequence spaces of interval numbers and showed that these spaces are complete metric spaces. Later,
Esi [4] introduced and studied strongly almost convergence and statistically almost convergence
of interval numbers. Recently, Esi [5] introduced and studied asymptotically statistical equivalent
sequences of interval numbers.
A set consisting of a closed interval of real numbers x such that a x b is called an interval
number. A real interval can also be considered as a set. Thus we can investigate some properties
of interval numbers, for instance arithmetic properties or analytic properties.We denote the set of all
real valued closed intervals by IR. Any element of IR is called closed interval and denoted by x;that is
x = {x R : a x b} . An interval number x is a closed subset of real numbers and the set of all
interval numbers is denoted by IR[1]. Let x
l
and x
r
be rst and last points of an interval number x. For
x
1
, x
2
IR, we have x
1
= x
2
x
1
l
=x
2
l
, x
1r
=x
2r
. x
1
+ x
2
= {x R : x
1
l
+ x
2
l
x x
1r
+ x
2r
} , and
if 0, then x = {x R : x
1
l
x x
1r
} and if < 0, then x = {x R : x
1r
x x
1
l
},
where R.
Let us suppose that A = {x
1
l
.x
2
l
, x
1
l
.x
2r
, x
1r
.x
2
l
, x
1r
.x
2r
} . Then the multiplication of x
1
and x
2
dened by
x
1
.x
2
= {x R : min A x max A} .
Also
x1
x2
can be dened as similar to multiplication if 0 / x
2
.The set of all interval numbers IR is a
complete metric space dened by
d (x
1
, x
2
) = max {|x
1
l
x
2
l
| , |x
1r
x
2r
|} [11].
In the special case x
1
= [a, a] and x
2
= [b, b] , we obtain usual metric of R.
Let us dene transformation f : N R by k f (k) = x, x = (x
k
) . Then x = (x
k
) is called sequence
of interval numbers. The x
k
is called k
th
term of sequence x = (x
k
) . w
i
denotes the set of all interval
numbers with real terms and the algebric properties of w
i
can be found in [16].
Now we give the denition of convergence of interval numbers:
A sequence x = (x
k
) of interval numbers is said to be convergent to the interval number x
o
if for
each > 0 there exists a positive integer k
o
such that d (x
k
, x
o
) < for all k k
o
and we denote it by
lim
k
x
k
= x
o
.Thus, lim
k
x
k
= x
o
lim
k
x
k
l
= x
o
l
and lim
k
x
kr
= x
or
[1].
By a lacunary sequence = (k
r
), r = 0, 1, 2, ...,where k
0
= 0, we shall mean increasing sequence of
non-negative integers h
r
= k
r
k
r1
as r .The intervals determined by are denoted by
I
r
= (k
r1
, k
r
] and the ratio
kr
kr1
will be denoted by q
r
. The notion of lacunary sequences have been
discussed in [6, 8, 14, 17, 6, 8, 14, 17] and many others.
Marouf [18] presented denition for asymptotically equivalent sequences as follows: Two non-negative
sequences x = (x
k
) and y = (y
k
) are said to be asymptotically equivalent if
x
k
y
k
= 1, (denoted by x y)
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Asymptotically Lacunary Statistically Equivalent Sequences of Interval Numbers 49
In [19], Patterson extended those concepts by presenting an asymptotically statistical equivalent analog
of these denitions and natural regularity conditions for non-negative summability matrices. In [20],
Patterson and Savas extended the denitions presented [19] to lacunary sequences. This paper extend
the denitions of asymptotical equivalent sequences to interval sequences by using lacunary sequences.
2 Denitions and Notations
Denition 2.1. Let = (k
r
) be a lacunary sequence. Two non-negative sequences x = (x
k
) and 0 /
y = (y
k
) of interval numbers are said to be asymptotically lacunary statistical equivalent of multiple
L = [L
l
, L
r
] provided that for every > 0,
lim
r
1
h
r

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

= 0,
_
denoted by x
s
L

y
_
and simply asymptotically lacunary statistical equivalent if L = 1 = [1, 1]. Furthermore, let s
L

denotes
the set of x = (x
k
) and 0 / y = (y
k
) of interval numbers such that x
s
L

y.
Denition 2.2. Let = (k
r
) be a lacunary sequence. Two non-negative sequences x = (x
k
) and 0 / y =
(y
k
) of interval numbers are strong asymptotically lacunary statistical equivalent of multiple L provided
that
lim
r
1
h
r

kIr
d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_
= 0,
_
denoted by x
N
L

y
_
and simply strong asymptotically lacunary statistical equivalent if L = 1 = [1, 1] .
In addition, let N
L

denotes the set of x = (x

k
) and 0 / y = (y
k
) of interval numbers such that x
N
L

y.
3 Main Results
Theorem 3.1. Let = (k
r
) be a lacunary sequence. Then
(a) If x
N
L

y then x
s
L

y, where 0 / y = (y
k
) .
(b) If x = (x
k
) and 0 = y = (y
k
) l

and x
s
L

y then x
N
L

y.
(c) s
L

= N
L

, where l

= {x = (x
k
) : sup
k
{|x
k
l
| , |x
kr
|} < } , which introduced in [16] .
Proof.
(a) If > 0 and x
N
L

y, then

kIr
d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

kI
r &
d

x
k
y
k
,L

d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_
.

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

.
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50 Int. J. Math. And Its App. Vol.1 No.1 (2013)/ Ayhan Esi and Ayten Esi
Therefore x
s
L

y.
(b) Suppose that x = (x
k
) and 0 / y = (y
k
) l

and x
s
L

y. Then we can assume that d

_
x
k
y
k
, L
_
T
for all k. Given > 0
1
h
r

kIr
d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_
=
1
h
r

kIr & d

X
k
Y
k
,L

d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_
+
1
h
r

kIr & d

X
k
Y
k
,L

<
d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

T
h
r

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

+
Therefore x
N
L

(F)
y.
(c) It follows from (a) and (b).
Theorem 3.2. Let = (k
r
) be a lacunary sequence with liminf
r
q
r
> 1, then x
s
L
y implies x
s
L

y,
where s
L
the set of x = (x
k
) and 0 / y = (y
k
) of interval numbers such that
lim
n
1
n

_
k n : d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

= 0.
Proof. Suppose that liminf
r
q
r
> 1, then there exists a > 0 such that q
r
1 + for suciently large
r, which implies that
h
r
k
r

1 +
.
If x
s
L
y , then for every > 0 and for suciently large r, we have
1
k
r

_
k k
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

1
k
r

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

1 +
.
1
h
r

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

.
Theorem 3.3. Let = (k
r
) be a lacunary sequence with limsup
r
q
r
< , then x
s
L

y implies x
s
L
y.
Proof. If limsup
r
q
r
< ,then there exists B > 0 such that q
r
< C for all r 1. Let x
s
L

y and
> 0.There exists B > 0 such that for every j B
A
j
=
1
h
j

_
k I
j
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

< .
We can also nd K > 0 such that A
j
< K for all j = 1, 2, 3, .... Now let n be any integer with
k
r1
< n < k
r
,where r B. Then
1
n

_
k n : d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

1
k
r1

_
k k
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

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Asymptotically Lacunary Statistically Equivalent Sequences of Interval Numbers 51
=
1
k
r1

_
k I
1
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

+
1
k
r1

_
k I
2
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

+ ... +
1
k
r1

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

=
k
1
k
r1
k
1

_
k I
1
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

+
k
2
k
1
k
r1
(k
2
k
1
)

_
k I
2
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

+ ... +
k
B
k
B1
k
r1
(k
B
k
B1
)

_
k I
B
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

+ ... +
k
r
k
r1
k
r1
(k
r
k
r1
)

_
k I
r
: d
_
x
k
y
k
, L
_

_

=
k
1
k
r1
A
1
+
k
2
k
1
k
r1
A
2
+ ... +
k
B
k
B1
k
r1
A
B
+ ... +
k
r
k
r1
k
r1
A
r

_
sup
j1
A
j
_
k
B
k
r1
+
_
sup
jB
A
j
_
k
r
k
B
k
r1
K.
k
B
k
r1
+ .C.
Theorem 3.4. Let = (k
r
) be a lacunary sequence with 1 < liminf
r
q
r
limsup
r
q
r
< , then
x
s
L
y x
s
L

y, where 0 / y = (y
k
) .
Proof. The result follows from Theorem 3.2 and Theorem 3.3.
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