Dentist Guide

The Dentist’s Guide To
Overseas Career
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Overseas career
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QUICK GLANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
How to Use the Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
UNITED STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
Dental Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Dental Licensure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Employment Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
American Dental Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
States and Licensure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
NBDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
State Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Clinical Testing Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Dental Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Dental Admission Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Matching Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

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Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
About United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
CANADA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Eligibility Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Reference Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Qualifying Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
NDEB Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Registration Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Dental Aptitude Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

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About Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
UNITED KINGDOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Dental Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
IELTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
About United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
AUSTRALIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Dentistry in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
NOOSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507

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Dental Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Dental Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Medical Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
About Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
NEW ZEALAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Dental Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

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Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
About New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
OTHER COUNTRIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687

Overseas Career
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
QUICK GLANCE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
How to Use the Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Other Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
UNITED STATES
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
State Board of Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
NBDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Credentialling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Additional Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

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Clinical Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Licensure Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Dental Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Basic Dental Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
First year Student Admission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Dental Admission Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Advanced Standing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Advanced Dental Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Graduate Vs. Postgraduate Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
AEP in General Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
AEP in Dental Specialities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Other Advanced Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
Other Educational Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Continuing Education Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
Canadian Qualifying Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Dental Licensure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Licensure requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
Educational Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
Written Examination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
National Board Dental Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

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Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Preclinical Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Clinical Examination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Other Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Temporary and Provisional Licensure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
Employment Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Faculty Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91
Allied Dental Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
Dental Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
Dental Laboratory Technician . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Dental Hygienist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
American Dental Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
About ADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Foregin Dentist Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
States and Licensure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Accreditation Required States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Accreditation Not Required States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Bench Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

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NBDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Purpose of the NBDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Recognition of the NBDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
NBDE Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Content and Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Eligibility For Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Sample Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Re-Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Central Office Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Documentation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Examination Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Examination Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Examination Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Score Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Scoring in Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
NBDE Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Retesting on Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Test Item Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Sample Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

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Examination Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Examination Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Examination Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Score Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Scoring in Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Part II Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Testing Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Testing Military Dentists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Testing Transcripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Released Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
State Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Clinical Testing Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Central Regional Dental Testing Services (CRDTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Northeast Regional Board of Dental Examiners (NERB) . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Southern Regional Testing Agency (SRTA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Western Regional Examining Board (WREB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Own Clinical Dental Exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Dental Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Advanced Standing - US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

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Advanced Standing - Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Advanced Dental Education Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
US Dental Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Canadian Dental School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Dental Admission Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Scope of Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Survey of the Natural Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Perceptual Ability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Reading Comprehension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Quantitative Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
The Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Cancellation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Refunds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Special Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Retaking Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Test Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Testing Center Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

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Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Scoring of Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Result Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Voiding Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Partial Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Confirming Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Test Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Candidate Score Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Release of Test Scores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Score Report Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
Testing Transcripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Test Preparation Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Matching Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
PASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Who is Pass? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Participating Program Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Application Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
PASS Deadline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Program Deadline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
General Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275

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Custom Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Submitting Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Contacting PASS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
National Matching Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Match Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Clarifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Applications to Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Match Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Contact Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Dental Job sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Health Job sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Nonimmigrant-Academic Student . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Immigrant-Member of Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Official Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

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Dental Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
IMG Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Government Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Financial Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Dental Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Health Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
About United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
CANADA
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Licensure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Eligibility Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Eligibility Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

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Format and Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Paper 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Paper 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Fee Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Reference Texts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Qualifying Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
NDEB Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Quick Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Certification Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Board’s Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Written Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Passing Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Sample Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
OSCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Passing Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

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Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Exam Hall Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Conduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Registration Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
NDEB Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Eligibility Exam Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Dental Regulatory Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Dental Aptitude Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
About DAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
By Province . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
By Speciality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Dental Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

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Other Organisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Medical Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Health Job Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
General Job Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Online Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Health Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
General Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
About Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
UNITED KINGDOM
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Full Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Old Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

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EEA Nationals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
New Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Temporary Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Purposes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Dental Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
About Dental Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Contact Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
English Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Application Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
Dates and Venues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Attempts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

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Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Exemption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Old Regulation Candidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
English Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Misconduct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Equal Opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
Examiners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Examiners’ Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Part A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Written Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Oral Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Part B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

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Part C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
Written Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Examination in Clinical Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Oral Exam in General Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Practical Clinical Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Examination in Medical Emergencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
IELTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
What is IELTS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Test Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Test Report Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Interpretation of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Test Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Entry for Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
Work permits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475

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Royal Colleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Dental Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Other Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
About United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
AUSTRALIA
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Dentistry in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Previous Study Credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Credit and Further Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Contact Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Immediate Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
UK Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497

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Mutual Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
TTMRA Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
ADC Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Who Conducts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Examination Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Exam Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Occupational English Test (OET) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
Preliminary Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Final Examination - Clinical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Venues and Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
ADC Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Application Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Appeals and Counselling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
NOOSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
What is NOOSR? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Contact Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Bridging Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Dental Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510

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Contact Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Some Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Dental Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Territorywise List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516
Medical Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Statewise List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518
Territorywise List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Statewise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
New South Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Queensland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
South Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
Tasmania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Victoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Western Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Territorywise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Australian Capital Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Hospital List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
Health Job Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528

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Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Dental Associations and Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Royal Colleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Other Professional Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Types of Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Homestay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Full Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Hostels and Guest Houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Share and Rental Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538
Online Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Medical Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
General Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
About Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544
People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

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NEW ZEALAND
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 548
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Quick Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Types of Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Registration as a Dentist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Registration as a Specialist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Temporary Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
General Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
Who Can Apply? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Important Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
English Competency Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
New Zealand Conditions of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
Limitation of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
Specialist Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Who Can Apply? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
Specialities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

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Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Limitation of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Temporary Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
Who Can Apply? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Eligibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Temporary Specialist Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
Mutual Recognition Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
TTMR Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Registration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
Deemed Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
Substantive Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Registration Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Registration Refusal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Postponement of Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Review of Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Outcomes of the Appeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578
Annual Practising Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

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Dental Council . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Contact Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Some Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
English Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
IELTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
TOEFL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
OET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Result Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 588
Result Submission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
English Test Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
NZDREX Written Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
Hall Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Scoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Pass and Fail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596
Clinical Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598

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Section A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Section B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
Application Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Dates and Venues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Number of Candidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Repeat/Partial Pass Candidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
After Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
Withdrawal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
Bad Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Examination Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Examination Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Recount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
Performance Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Validity of Passes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
Test Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610
Previous Test Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Reference Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Registration Related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
Examination Related . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619

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Hospitals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
District Health Boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
Job Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Health Job Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Accommodation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
Accommodation Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
Royal Colleges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Medical Faculties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Professional Organisations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
General Associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
Useful Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Dental/Medical Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
Government Health Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
General Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642

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About New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
Life Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645
Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
OTHER COUNTRIES
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
Contact Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Contact Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654
Belgium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655

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Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667

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Table of Contents
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Norway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677

Overseas Career
Table of Contents
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Registration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
INDEX

Overseas Career
Legal Notice
All product names and logos are copyrights and trademarks of their respective owners. None of these
owners has authorised, endorsed, sponsored or authorised the publication of this book.
The editors and the publisher have made their best effort to produce a high quality, low cost, inform-
ative and helpful book. But they make no representation or warranties of any kind with regard to the
completeness or accuracy of contents of this book. They accept no liability of any kind for any losses
or damages caused or alleged to be caused, directly or indirectly, from using the information con-
tained in this book.
The book includes information collected from various official sources. This information has been
edited and rewritten for the benefit of dentists seeking overseas training and employment.
The Dentist’s Guide to Overseas Career © 2002 Savitri Resources Limited.

All rights reserved.
This book is furnished under license and may be used only in accordance with the terms of such
license. The content of this manual is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change with-
out notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by the editors or publisher.
Except as permitted by such license, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Savitri Resources Limited
3/555, Ruahine Street Hokowhitu
Palmerston North 5301
New Zealand

Overseas Career Foreword
Foreword
This book is a powerful tool for any overseas dentist, International Dental
Graduate and Dental Student.
When you purchased this book, you made a small investment in your
future career. We will fulfil your expectation. We understand that the
book on your screen will not satisfy the needs of all readers. A few of you
may expect more. We will do our best to exceed your expectation.
The present book covers five most sought after countries in detail. In the
books that are under preparation we will cover more countries and top-
ics. The topics that will be covered in the forthcoming books are Inter-
views, Curriculum Vitae, Skills required, Finance, Research tools and a host
of others.
We will also cover training opportunities in some unknown countries and
job opportunities in Middle East countries and Africa.
Please let us know how we can improve the book. After you read this
book, please write to us about the topics that can be included, the topics
that must be improved, errors you found and the resources where we can
get more information.

Overseas Career Foreword
The Book is designed to be a dynamic one. Based on your feedback, we
will update and upgrade the book periodically.
Originally we planned to publish this book after including as many coun-
tries as possible. The planned release date is far away. But, as many of you
wanted the book now, we decided to publish The Dentist’s Guide to over-
seas Career now with information on five countries.
We have included raw information on a few other countries. We are trying
to get authentic information on these countries. In future we hope to add
more details on them.
We hope you will discover your future with the Guide.
We wish you all the best,
The Editors

Overseas Career How to Use the Guide
How to Use the Guide
The Dentist’s Guide to Overseas Career is an eBook. It is not available as
an ordinary paper book. This digital format has helped in adding features
that will make your reading a pleasant experience and ensures that the
content always uptodate.
Navigation
The book contains at the bottom a few powerful features that will help
you in locating the exact information you need.
Glance gives all the chapter titles. You can scan or glance the contents
quickly and then go to the chapter you like.
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chapter titles and section headings within the chapters.
Index gives the important words and the page numbers they are in.
These three features when used correctly will help you in locating the
information you need quickly.
All the above features are hyperlinks to the main content. When you click
Glance, Content or Index you will be taken to Glance of Chapter Titles,
Table of Contents or Index.

Each page number that appears adjacent to the word in Index, in Glance
of Chapter Titles and in Table of Contents is a Hyperlink. If you click on the
page number, you will be taken to the relevant page.
Back takes you to the last page you were reading. For example, you are
reading page number 30. You find an interesting link, click it and go to
page 75. Now, if you want to go back again to page 30 simply click Back.
If you want to go to the previous page then you must use <<. To go to the
next page use >>. In the above example, if you want to go to page 74
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when you are in page 75, you must use >>.
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help, then you need to use Menus that are part of Acrobat Reader.
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prompted to enter your search words in a dialogue box. Enter your words
and press Enter key. You will be taken to the page where the word first
occurs. If you want to find other occurrences keep clicking Find Again.
View
When you start the Guide, the book will be surrounded by Acrobat
Reader Tools and Menu. If you press Control and L, only the book will be

visible. You can increase the size of the book by pressing Control and + or
decrease the size by pressing Control and -.
Reading the book after pressing Control and L will be easy to eyes. We
strongly recommend you to use this feature.
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your browser will open and take you to the relevant webpage. You must
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but using an inkjet printer will take time to print. It is recommended that
you print only the pages you are interested in and not the entire book.
Other Features
All other features that are found in Acrobat Reader can be used.

Overseas Career
United States

Overseas Career
United States Overview
Overview
Each chapter explains the various steps involved in getting into United
States and becoming a licensed dentist.
The chapter “Summary” gives you a summary of steps you should take to
get a license as a dentist in the United States.
The chapter “Dental Education” provides details about basic and
advanced dental education. It also gives you an idea about graduate and
postgraduate programs.
The chapter “Dental Licensure” gives information on the requirements
(educational, written exam, clinical) to apply for license.
The chapter “Employment Opportunities” tells you about the jobs in the
same field till you get your license to practise as a dentist.
The chapter “American Dental Association” gives you the policies and
services and membership information of the prestigious American Dental
Association.
The chapter “States and Licensure” provides information about the
accreditation requirement of States and also tells you about the “Bench
Test” conducted in some states.

Overseas Career
The chapter “NBDE” gives you the details of the examination both Part 1
and Part II conducted by the Board. It also provides content, format, sam-
ple questions of the examination.
The chapter “State Boards” gives you the list of State Dental Boards.
The chapter “Clinical Testing Agencies” gives you details about the four
regional testing agencies.
The chapter “Dental Schools” provides information on dental schools in
US and Canada and their advanced dental education programs.
The chapter “Dental Admission Testing” gives you an idea about the
admission process to dental schools in US. It also includes the test sub-
jects and format of the test.
The heading “Matching Service” explains about PASS and their services to
get into residency programs.
The title “Job Resources” gives useful links about job contacts.
The chapter “Immigration” provides official resources and other contacts
that may be helpful.
The chapter “Associations” gives you the contact details of dental and
other IMG associations.

Overseas Career
The chapter “Accommodation” helps you to find budget accommoda-
tion. The chapter “Useful Links” gives a list of useful websites that can not
be included elsewhere.
The chapter “About United States” gives a general idea about the popula-
tion, weather and natural resources of US.

Overseas Career
United States Summary
Summary
As there are many rules and procedural steps involved in the Licensure
process for International Dental Graduates, we are giving here a summary
of important points.
State Board of Dentistry

The very first step you need to take is to contact the state board of den-
tistry in the state where you want to be licensed. Request the State board
to give you information about its licensure requirements.
Requirements vary from state to state, especially for graduates from den-
tal schools outside the United States or Canada.
It is very important to do this first so you will know exactly what is
required for licensure in the state where you wish to practice, including
information on clinical examination requirements. This will save a lot of
time, money and energy.
For your convenience we have provided a list of all state boards of den-
tistry in this Guide.

Overseas Career
NBDE
The next step will be to contact the American Dental Association Joint
Commission on National Dental Examinations (ADA JCNDE). Send your
request for information about the written National Board Dental Exami-
nations.
Sitting for and passing the National Board Dental Examinations (NBDE) is
an important thing you will need to do to begin the process of becoming
licensed in the United States.
This examination is a licensure requirement in all states in the United
State of America. It is also a requirement for admission to a dental educa-
tion program if you are accepted into a dental school with advanced
standing , an advanced general dentistry or a specialty education pro-
gram .
For your convenience, we have provided comprehensive information
about National Board Dental Examinations in this Guide.
Credentialling
The next point of contact is ECE. To be eligible to take the NBDE, Interna-
tional Dental Graduates (graduates from dental schools not accredited by
the ADA Commission on Dental Accreditation or the Commission on

Overseas Career
Dental Accreditation of Canada) must have their dental course transcripts
verified by Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. (ECE).
Candidates must contact the ECE directly to request an ECE application
form and processing fee information.
Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. (ECE),
Postal Address
P.O. Box 514070
Milwaukee, WI 53203-3470.
Phone and fax
Phone: 414-289-3400
Fax: 414-289-3411
Email Address
eval@ece.org
Web Address
Website: http://www.ece.org/
The Joint Commission will process an application to take the National
Board Dental Examinations only after it receives the ECE Evaluation
Report.

Overseas Career
Additional Education
Prepare a list of dental schools where you can obtain additional educa-
tion in an accredited dental or advanced dental education program.
Most states require that graduates of dental schools in other countries
obtain additional education in an accredited dental education program.
Learn from the state board of dentistry what education is required of for-
eign dental graduates so you can be sure to meet its requirements.
States vary on the type of education that is required for licensure. Most
states require candidates to complete additional education in general
dentistry while some others will also accept completion of education in a
specialty program.
It is important to note that, if you become licensed in a state that accepts
specialty education, and you later choose to move to another state that
requires education in general dentistry, it is possible that you will have to
go back for additional education in general dentistry in order to obtain a
dental license in that state.
Currently, all states except Hawaii and California require international
dental graduates to obtain additional education in order to be eligible for
licensure.

Overseas Career
Clinical Examination
Successfully complete the clinical examination required in the state
where you wish to obtain a license.
All states require successful completion of a clinical examination to
obtain a dental license in addition to the educational requirement and
successful completion of the written National Board Dental Examinations.
Clinical examinations can be administered by an individual state board or
one of four regional examining boards. Most states participate in one or
more regional examinations.
Individual states contract with a regional examining board that will
administer the clinical exam required for those states.
The regional testing agencies do not have the authority to license individ-
uals and should not be confused with state boards of dentistry.
The regional testing agencies are
The Central Regional Dental Testing Services (CRDTS)
Northeast Regional Board of Dental Examiners, Inc. (NERB)
Southern Regional Testing Agency (SRTA)
The Western Regional Examining Board (WREB)
The following states administer their own clinical examinations and do
not accept the results of any regional examination:

Overseas Career
Alabama
California
Delaware
Florida
Hawaii
Indiana
Louisiana
Mississippi
Nevada
North Carolina
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
You need to contact the state board of dentistry in the state where you
wish to practice for information about which examination is required.
For your convenience, we have provided a list of Testing Agencies in the
Guide.
Licensure Application
The final step is to apply for a license through the state board of dentistry
where licensure is desired.

Overseas Career
Once you have successfully completed the written National Dental Board
Examinations, met the educational requirement and successfully com-
pleted the appropriate clinical examination for the state where you wish
to practice, the next step is to apply for licensure.
You must contact the state board of dentistry for an application. You will
then be informed whether there are any additional requirements specific
to that state.
Several states have other requirements for all applicants. Some common
requirements are:
A pass in the written test on the state Dental Practice Act and Reg-
ulations
Be certified in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Proof of having malpractice insurance.

Overseas Career
United States Dental Education
Dental Education
When you want to go to the United States, it is important to know about
the dental education system as many of you may be required to undergo
one or another type of course before you are licensed.
Basic Dental Education

In the United States, dental education programs are conducted at the
post-college level.
Basic dental education programs are a minimum of four academic years
in length and lead to one of two equivalent degrees:
Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.) or
Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.)
Curriculum varies among U. S. dental schools, but most of the first year
and much of the second year are usually devoted to courses in the bio-
medical sciences.
Subjects typically presented in the first and second years include
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Embryology

Overseas Career
Histology
Microbiology
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
Although dental sciences are usually introduced during the first two
years, the majority of instruction in dental subjects is provided in the
third and fourth years.
Didactic material in dental subjects is supplemented by clinical experi-
ence under the supervision of dental faculty members. Subjects taught in
this manner are:
Diagnosis (including radiography)
Endodontics
Fixed and removable prosthodontics
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics
Pediatric dentistry
Periodontics
Restorative dentistry
Other topics covered within the dental curriculum are:
Community health

Overseas Career
Patient management
Practice management
Professional ethics
Jurisprudence
Utilization of allied dental personnel
First year Student Admission

State supported dental schools give preference to residents of the state.
Several public and private dental schools have formal agreements with
one or more states to admit a fixed number of their residents each year.
Generally the courses are in high demand. More candidates apply for
admission to U. S. dental schools than can be accepted. Recently, for 4300
positions, the number of applicants was more than 9000. Of the 4,300
first-year dental students enrolled, 284 were foreign nationals.
The educational system in the United States provides 12 years of primary
and secondary schooling prior to college. At least two years of college are
prerequisite to admission to dental school.
College courses required for admission to dental school typically include
Biology
English

Overseas Career
Inorganic chemistry
Organic chemistry
Physics
For specific requirements for admission to a particular dental school, it is
necessary to contact the dental school directly. We have provided a list of
accredited dental school for your covenience.
Dental Admission Test

All U. S. dental schools require applicants for admission to the first-year
class to take the Dental Admission Test (DAT).
The Dental Admission Testing Program, which is administered by the
American Dental Association, measures
general mathematical ability
science achievement in general biology
general chemistry
organic chemistry
DAT also measures ability to comprehend scientific information and per-
ceptual ability.

Overseas Career
Dental Admission Tests are conducted only in the English language. The
DAT is offered at Sylvan Technology Test Centers only in the United
States. The DAT is not administered in Canada or foreign countries.
A candidate's scores are reported to dental schools of his or her choice.
Scores reflect a candidate's performance in relation to other candidates
who were examined.
The American Dental Association does not set minimum scores for admis-
sion to dental school and does not assist an individual to gain admission
to dental school.
Admission decisions are the responsibility of the individual dental school.
As admission decisions are typically made well in advance, it is advisable
to begin applying about one year prior to the desired enrollment date.
Information about the Dental Admission Test and addresses of U. S. den-
tal schools may be obtained from:
Dental Admission Testing Program
Department of Testing Services
American Dental Association
211 East Chicago Avenue
Suite 1846
Chicago, Illinois 60611

Overseas Career
USA
Phone: 312/440-2678
Advanced Standing
About half of the accredited U. S. dental schools consider applications
from graduates of foreign dental schools for admission to the second or
third year of the basic dental degree program.
For your convenience we have given a list of these dental schools.
Admission procedures for foreign dental graduates seeking advanced
standing are different from procedures for admission to an entering class.
Candidates are typically required to submit transcripts and to take the
National Board Part I examination. For more complete information, it is
necessary to contact the individual dental schools.
In addition to living expenses, costs include tuition, laboratory fees and
purchase of equipment. Depending on the school, the cost varies. The
total cost will be usually very high. Educational expenses other than tui-
tion typically decrease as the student progresses through four years of
school. Large expenses in the first two years are for the purchase of den-
tal instruments used throughout the curriculum.

Overseas Career
The dental school or its parent university administer nearly all programs
of financial aid to both graduate and undergraduate students. For infor-
mation about financial aid, contact the dental school's Financial Aid
Office. In general, funds are rarely available in the United States for citi-
zens of other countries.
Applicants should also check with the Minister of Health or Education in
their country to see if there are any funds available.
Advanced Dental Education

As the name suggests, advanced dental education programs are for indi-
viduals who already hold dental degrees.
A common purpose of all advanced education programs is to extend the
competence of the student. This may be either in general dentistry or in a
special area of practice.
It should be noted that successful completion of an advanced dental edu-
cation program might not satisfy the educational requirements for dental
licensure if the initial dental degree was obtained from a non-accredited
dental program.
Please contact the state dental board where licensure is desired for spe-
cific information.

Overseas Career
Graduate Vs. Postgraduate Programs
Advanced dental education programs can be classified into
graduate programs and
postgraduate programs
Only universities conduct graduate programs.
A graduate program leads to one of the following degrees:
Master of Science (M.S.)
Master of Science in Dentistry (M.S.D.) or
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
In addition to the purpose of extending the competence of the student, a
graduate program often has the objective of preparing the student for a
career in teaching and/or research.
Graduate programs may require an original research project and a thesis.
Applicants for admission to a graduate program must meet requirements
of the university's graduate school as well as specific program require-
ments.
A postgraduate program need not be sponsored by a university. Many
are conducted in hospitals or other clinical settings.
A degree is not awarded upon completion of a post-graduate program.
Instead, successful completion of a postgraduate program is usually rec-

Overseas Career
ognized with a certificate, although some university programs offer the
option of concurrent enrollment in a graduate program leading to a
degree. In that case, the candidate would receive both a certificate of
completion and a graduate degree.
AEP in General Dentistry

Two types of advanced programs in general dentistry are recognized as
Advanced Education Programs (AEP) in General Dentistry:
the general practice residency (GPR) and
the advanced education in general dentistry (AEGD) program
The primary distinction relates to hospital experience.
A general practice residency usually is conducted in a hospital setting
and must include substantial experience in managing medically compro-
mised patients.
An advanced general dentistry program is typically conducted in a dental
school setting and provides experience with comprehensive patient care
for all population groups.
Both types of programs are of at least one-year duration; some programs
are two years in duration.

Overseas Career
Some advanced programs in general dentistry consider applications from
internationally trained dentists. For your convenience we have provided a
list of these programs in this Guide.
Because of competition for admission, however, the number of interna-
tionally trained dentists admitted is relatively small. Of all the candidates
admitted into the programs only about 5% are graduates of foreign den-
tal schools.
AEP in Dental Specialities

Nine dental specialties are recognized in the United States as Advanced
Education Programs (AEP) in Dental Specialities.They are:
Dental Public Health
Endodontics
Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology
Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics

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Educational programs for specialities must be of at least two years in
duration with four exceptions:
Programs in oral and maxillofacial surgery must be of at least four
years in duration;
Oral and maxillofacial pathology must be at least three years in
duration;
Prosthodontic programs must be a minimum of 33 months;
Periodontics programs must be a minimum of 30 months of
instruction.
Other Advanced Programs

Individuals pursuing an advanced education program in oral and maxillo-
facial surgery sometimes have the option of working toward an M. D.
degree in addition to a certificate or other type of degree (i.e., M.S., Ph.D.)
For information on availability of these types of programs you must con-
tact the American Dental Association Commission on Dental Accredita-
tion.
Some dental schools provide advanced education programs - usually
graduate programs - in specific disciplines other than recognized special-
ties. Among these disciplines are:

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anatomy
anesthesiology
biochemistry
dental materials
immunology
implantology
microbiology
operative dentistry
oral biology
oral medicine
pharmacology
physiology
Advanced dental education programs typically enroll new students in
July through September. Students to be enrolled are usually selected
approximately six months prior to enrollment. It is advisable to begin
applying for advanced education programs about one year in advance of
the desired enrollment date.
Most hospital programs and many dental school programs taught in affil-
iated hospitals provide students with stipends that range from $10,000 to
$48,000 per year; some may waive tuition depending on the size of the
stipend. In such a program, the student has a resident appointment to

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the hospital staff and responsibility for patient care under supervision.
Competition for this type of position is intense.
The American Dental Association does not assist prospective students in
obtaining admission to advanced dental education programs. Admission
decisions remain the responsibility of the individual institution and pro-
gram. Information about financial support for advanced education pro-
grams must be requested from the individual program.
Other Educational Opportunities

There are approximately six U. S. dental schools that have special pro-
grams designed to meet the needs of foreign-trained dentists.
Each program deserves individual attention. Generally, it is intended that
completion of one of these programs will qualify the graduate for licen-
sure in the state where the program is located.
If a dental degree is not granted at completion of the program, the gradu-
ate may or may not qualify for licensure in another state. Contact the
state board of dentistry in the state where licensure is desired before
enrolling in a program.

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University of California, Los Angeles
UCLA offers continuing education courses to prepare for the California
State Board Restorative Technique Part III ("Bench") and California State
Board Clinical Part IV examinations.
Foreign dentists can prepare for the California State Board Restorative
Technique Part III ("Bench") Examination with a six-day intensive review
course, which involves lectures and laboratory exercises.
The Bench review course is offered four times per year, prior to the April
and November test dates. Dentists (both foreign and U. S. trained) who
want to become licensed to practice in California can prepare for the Cali-
fornia State Board Clinical Part IV Examination with a 9-day review course.
The Clinical review course is offered four times per year prior to the three
test dates in March, June, and September with an additional early prepa-
ration course for the March exam held in December.
For additional information, please contact:
UCLA School of Dentistry
Office of Continuing Education
Box 951668, Room B3-022 CHS
Los Angeles, CA 90025-1668

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Phone: 310/206-8388
Fax: 310/206-5281
Email: lko@dent.ucla.edu
Loma Linda University

Loma Linda University has a two-year academic program that culminates
in a dental degree. This program can be completed within 21 months.
Admission requirements are:
Pass in of National Board Part I
Pass in the TOEFL
two applications
two letters of recommendation from the school of graduation
transcripts and
a copy of the diploma or degree
Evidence of financial support is a requirement.
Cost is $10,600 per quarter.
For additional information, contact:
International Dentist Program
Room 3316
School of Dentistry

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Loma Linda, CA 92350
Phone: 909/558-4669
Email: IDP@Sd.LLU.edu
University of California, San Francisco

The UCSF International Dentist Program (IDP) is a two-year (eight quarter)
program and is administered by the UCSF School of Dentistry.
The program admits 16 foreign-trained dentists yearly.
The program begins in July each year and culminates in a Doctor of Den-
tal Surgery (DDS) degree.
Admission requirements are:
evidence of a dental degree or equivalent from a foreign country
Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) examination with a
minimum score of 575 (paper test) or 230 (computer test)
three letters of recommendation (dean, faculty member and can-
didate's choice)
eligibility for appropriate VISA and
evidence of financial support
For additional information, please contact:

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UCSF School of Dentistry
IDP/Office of Admissions
513 Parnassus Avenue, Rm. S-619
San Francisco, CA 94143-0430
Phone: 415/476-2732
Fax: 415/476-4226
Email: Bmackenzie@dentistry.uscf.edu
University of the Pacific

The UOP program admits 16 foreign-trained dentists per year and is a
two-year program that culminates in a dental degree. In some cases the
program may be extended to meet an individual's educational needs.
Application requirements are:
a dental degree from a foreign country
successful passage of the National Board Part I with a minimum
score of 80
TOEFL exam with a minimum of 580 (paper-based) or 237 (com-
puter-based) and
two (2) letters of recommendation
For additional information, contact:

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International Dental Studies Program
School of Dentistry
2155 Webster Street
San Francisco, CA 94115
Phone: 415/929-6688
Fax: 415/929-6654
University of Florida
The University of Florida, College of Dentistry offers a two and a four-year
program for dental graduates from foreign countries.
The two-year program offers a certificate and the four-year program
awards a Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.) degree.
Admission requirements for either program are:
a dental degree from a foreign country
successful passage of the National Board Part I examination
TOEFL examination with a minimum of 550 (paper-based) or 213
(computer-based), TSE minimum of 50
two (2) letters of recommendation and
a technical examination

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Additionally, the two-year program requires passage of the National
Board Part II examination.
For additional information and an application contact:
College of Dentistry
P.O. Box 100445
Gainesville,
Florida 32610-0445
University of Illinois at Chicago

The International Dentist Program (IDP) is a two-year program adminis-
tered by the College of Dentistry that awards a Certificate of Completion.
Participants attend selected predoctoral and supplemental courses to
satisfy educational requirements for licensure in the state of Illinois.
Applications are available in September and are accepted through mid-
February of the following year. A class of 16 students is admitted once
yearly, in August. Selection is competitive.
The minimum application requirements are:
an earned dental degree and license in good standing from a
jurisdiction other than the U. S. or Canada

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a passing score of 75 or better for Part I of the National Boards
the ADA Dental Admissions Test, (only the perceptual ability and
reading comprehension sections are to be used in evaluation)
a minimum TOEFL score of greater than 550 (paper test) or 213
(computerized test)
evidence of U. S. immigration and naturalization status and evi-
dence of financial responsibility
Tuition is $62,500 for the two-year program. In addition, there is an
approximate $9,000 cost for a mandatory instrument/laboratory kit and
approximate $800 cost for textbooks.
Requests for a brochure and/or application may be made by leaving your
name and address via telephone to 312-413-9599 or fax to 312-413-0858.
Written requests for information may be sent to:
International Dentist Program (MC 621)
UIC College of Dentistry
801 S. Paulina Street
Chicago, Illinois 60612-7211
USA
In addition to the education programs described, approximately half of
all U. S. accredited dental schools admit foreign graduates into their tradi-

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tional predoctoral programs with Advanced Standing. Candidates are
admitted into the 2nd or 3rd year and graduate with a DDS or DMD
degree. We have given a list of these dental schools in this Guide. For
information about a program, please contact the dental school directly.
Continuing Education Courses

These courses are designed to help dentists keep abreast of advances in
dental and medical sciences. Continuing education courses are of short
duration (usually less than one week) and do not lead to a degree. Some
foreign graduates have participated in such courses to help prepare for
licensure examination.
The Council on Dental Education and Licensure prepares a listing of con-
tinuing education courses and their locations. The list is available in the
members-only section of the ADA website. Non ADA members can
obtain reprints of this listing for a fee from:
Salable Materials
Chicago, IL 60611-2678
Phone: 800-947-4746

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Item #J711
Website: http://www.ada.org/
Canadian Qualifying Programs

The Qualifying Program is a special university program held over two aca-
demic years for graduates of non-accredited dental programs leading to
Certificate of Qualification in Dentistry.
Its purpose is to prepare students to take the examinations of the
National Dental Examining Board of Canada (NBDE). Upon successful
completion of the Qualifying Program and the NBDE examinations, the
candidate will be eligible for licensure/registration in all provinces of Can-
ada.
Admission requirements include graduation from a non-accredited uni-
versity dental program of a minimum of four years, Citizen or Permanent
Resident of Canada on or before the application deadline, completion of
the Eligibility Examination administered by the Canadian Faculties of
Dentistry and demonstrated competency in English.
Currently, these programs are not recognized in United States licensing
jurisdictions as meeting the educational qualification for licensure.

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University of Toronto
Faculty of Dentistry
Admissions Officer
124 Edward Street
Toronto, Ontario,
Canada M5G 1G6
Phone: 416/979-4901 Ext 4374
Fax: 416/979-4936
Website: http://www.utoronto.ca/dentistry/
For information on other Canadian dental schools that may have a quali-
fying program contact:
Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry
100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 204
Ottawa, ON K1R 6G8
Phone: 416/ 512-6571
Fax: 416/512-6468
Email: acfd.afdc@sympatico.ca
Website: http://www.rcdc.ca/

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United States Dental Licensure
Dental Licensure
Dentists are licensed by jurisdictions such as states, districts, or depend-
encies. They are not licensed at the national level.
So, different licensing jurisdictions have different requirements for licen-
sure. But, the requirements are generally similar.
The main three requirements are:
Educational Requirement
Written Examination Requirement
Clinical Examination Requirement
All states accept graduates of accredited dental schools as fulfilling the
educational requirement. Most jurisdictions also accept graduates of
Canadian schools that are accredited by the Canadian Dental Association.
The National Board Dental Examination fulfills, either completely or par-
tially, the written examination requirement. But, states can place limits on
their acceptance of NBDE scores. Currently, all U.S. licensing jurisdictions
accept passing the NBDE exams as fulfilling the written exam require-
ment.
The NBDE consists of two parts—the first to be taken at the end of two
years of dental school, and the second to be taken during the last year of

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school. In some cases, this can be different. We have discussed about
requirements in detail later in this Guide.
The first part consists of basic biomedical sciences, including Anatomic
Sciences, Biochemistry-Physiology, Microbiology-Pathology, Dental Anat-
omy and Occlusion.
The second part is a comprehensive, 1½ day examination covering clini-
cal dental sciences, and patient management. About 20% of the exam is
based on patient cases.
States may have different qualifying factors for the clinical requirement of
licensure.
Introduction
Before a dentist can legally treat patients in the United States, his/her
qualifications must be approved by a governmental agency.
The approval process is called licensure and the credential awarded is
called a license.
The level of government that manages licensure is the state.
The agency in state government that administers licensure is typically
called the state board of dentistry or the state board of dental examiners.

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A license awarded by a state board permits the dentist to practice only
within the boundaries of the state. For example, a dentist who is licensed
in California would not be permitted to practice in New York unless he/
she obtains a New York dental license.
Licensure requirements
Licensure requirements vary from state to state. This section provides an
overview of the types of requirements by using examples from state pro-
visions. The main requirements are:
Educational Requirements
Written Examination Requirements
Preclinical Requirements
Clinical Examination Requirements
Other Requirements
Examinations for licensure are usually offered twice a year. Applications
are typically required 6 weeks in advance of a testing date and reporting
results can take up to eight weeks.
With the number of examinations involved, the minimum time for achiev-
ing licensure, assuming all examinations are passed on the first attempt,

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is about eight months. A substantial number of foreign-trained dentists
have been licensed by U.S. jurisdictions.
States may modify their licensure requirements and procedures at any
time. Consequently, it is advisable to contact the board of dentistry of the
state in which licensure will be sought early in the planning process for
specific information.
Educational Requirements
The first licensure requirement that a candidate is likely to encounter is
the educational requirement.
The most typical educational requirement for licensure is graduation with
a D.D.S. or D.M.D. degree from an accredited dental school.
It is sometimes possible to begin or complete the written examination
requirement before fulfilling the educational requirement, but this
approach is not recommended.
A candidate who completes the written examination requirement and
later finds he/she is unable to fulfill the educational requirement will have
wasted substantial time and effort.
All states require a candidate for dental licensure to have completed a
satisfactory, formal education program in dentistry. The key word is satis-

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factory. The same educational program may be considered satisfactory in
one state and not in another. The concept of accreditation provides a
good starting point to explore differences.
In most countries, approval of schools and educational programs is a gov-
ernmental responsibility, which is typically assigned to a ministry of edu-
cation.
In the United States, schools and educational programs are evaluated and
approved (accredited) by private, non-governmental agencies.
The recognized accrediting agency in the United States for all dental and
dental auxiliary educational programs is the Commission on Dental
Accreditation of the American Dental Association. References to accredi-
tation in licensure provisions relate to the Commission on Dental Accredi-
tation and no other agency.
The Commission on Dental Accreditation directly evaluates only schools
and programs located in the United States.
Through a reciprocal agreement with the Canadian Dental Association,
the Commission indirectly approves schools and programs located in
Canada.
For the purpose of licensure, schools located outside the United States
and Canada are considered non-accredited.

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Graduates of non-accredited dental schools may be able to fulfill the edu-
cational requirement without repeating the entire dental education.
Limited opportunities exist in some accredited dental schools for appro-
priately qualified candidates to be admitted with advanced standing . A
list of such opportunities are given in the chapter Dental Schools under
the section Advanced Standing.
A limited number of licensing jurisdictions (states) will accept candidates
for licensure who have not graduated from an accredited dental educa-
tion program. In the chapter States and Licensure we have provided a list
of states accepting unaccredited dental schools.
The majority of these jurisdictions, however, require supplementary edu-
cation of approximately two years in an accredited dental school. It is
important to contact the state board of dentistry to obtain specific infor-
mation about licensing requirements for graduates of non-accredited
dental schools.
For information on how to contact state dental boards, please refer to the
chapter State Boards in this Guide.
Supplementary education refers to additional predoctoral training in an
accredited dental school.

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A supplementary education program is designed to ensure that the par-
ticipant achieves the same level of competence expected for a graduate
of the school's D.D.S. or D.M.D. program. Availability of such programs is
discussed in the section on "Other Educational Opportunities" in the
chapter Dental Education. These supplementary programs usually are
two years in length.
An individual seeking licensure is responsible for providing needed docu-
mentation of educational credentials in a form acceptable to the board of
dentistry.
Some states are empowered with limited flexibility to accommodate
political refugees who cannot obtain all usual documents.
No state, however, will act without documentation of education in some
acceptable form.
Written Examination Requirements

The most standardized aspect of the licensing process is the written
examination requirement.
All U. S. licensing jurisdictions require evidence that a candidate for licen-
sure has passed Parts I and II of the National Board Dental Examinations.
Part II is offered in both written and computer format.

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Some jurisdictions also require a written examination on state dental
laws. When supplementary written examinations are used, they are usu-
ally administered in conjunction with the clinical examination.
The agency responsible for the conduct of National Board Dental Exami-
nations is the:
Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations
Suite 1846
Phone: 312/440-2678
The Joint Commission will furnish information and an application on
request.
One type of material not available directly from the Joint Commission is
sample examinations that have been used in the past. Such sample
examinations are available for review in the library of the American Den-
tal Association and in libraries of most accredited dental schools. Also,
sample examinations may be purchased from the:
American Student Dental Association

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Suite 1160
Phone: 312/440-2795
Website: http://www.ASDAnet.org/
National Board Dental Examinations

National Board Dental Examinations are administered only in the United
States and in Canada. Each examination is composed exclusively of multi-
ple-choice test items presented in the English language.
National Board Dental Examinations are organized into two Parts.
Part I consists of four sections covering the basic biomedical sciences and
dental anatomy. Part II consists of one comprehensive examination cover-
ing clinical dental subjects, pharmacology, behavioral science, dental
public health and occupational safety.
Part I must be passed before Part II is attempted. A National Board Dental
Certificate is awarded only after both parts are passed.

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Eligibility
It is important to note that neither establishing National Board eligibility
nor earning a National Board Dental Certificate provides assurance that
an individual's educational credentials will be accepted for licensure in
any jurisdiction.
Procedure
The following provisions are required for the certification of educational
credentials obtained from non-accredited dental schools.
Candidates must submit an examination application and fee to:
The Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations
Suite 1846
Phone: 312/440-2678
Candidates must submit a form that is provided by the Joint Commission
that includes the seal of the dental school from which the candidate
graduated and the signature of the dean or the registrar of that school.
Candidates must have official dental school course transcripts verified by:

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Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc.
P.O. Box 514070
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203-3470
Phone: 414/289-3400
Email: eval@ece.org
Website: http://www.ece.org/
Candidates must contact Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. (ECE) and
request an ECE application form. The ECE form will describe what educa-
tional credentials are required and the manner in which to submit them
to ECE. Fees for ECE services will also be listed.
The candidate should indicate on the ECE application that the report on
the evaluation of the educational credentials should be sent directly to
the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations. It takes approxi-
mately four weeks for ECE to evaluate credentials.
Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. will send the ECE Evaluation
Report directly to the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations
and also to the candidate. The Joint Commission will hold the examina-
tion application but will not process it before the ECE Evaluation Report is
received.

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Candidates may establish eligibility for Part I only by obtaining a letter or
recommendation from the dean of a dental school that is accredited by
the Commission on Dental Accreditation to which they are applying for
admission with advanced standing.
Subsequently, when a candidate applies to take Part II, he/she must sub-
mit additional documentation as described above.
Some graduates of non-accredited dental schools pass each part of
National Board Dental Examinations on the first attempt with high scores.
Many, however, experience difficulty.
Foreign-trained dentists should prepare carefully and comprehensively
before participating in National Board Dental Examinations.
Preclinical Requirements
Preclinical requirements typically apply only to foreign-trained dentists.
Purposes of a preclinical requirement are to extend the scope of testing
and to provide a check before the candidate treats patients in the clinical
examination. The most common preclinical requirement is a bench test.
A bench test typically involves performing clinical procedures using mod-
els or manikins in place of live patients. Bench tests are administered by

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individual state boards of dentistry. The length of the bench test varies
from to 1/2 to 2 1/2 days of testing.
For specific information about the bench test used in a state, it is neces-
sary to contact the appropriate state board of dentistry.
Some state boards have limits on retesting. Candidates should ask about
this when contacting the state board. Refer to the chapter States and
Licensure for more information about which states may require a bench
test.
Clinical Examination Requirements

All candidates for first dental licenses in all U. S. licensing jurisdictions are
subject to the clinical examination requirement. Clinical examinations are
conducted by individual state boards of dentistry or by regional dental
testing agencies.
A regional agency, often called a regional board, is formed when a group
of state boards jointly develop and administer a clinical examination.
Four such regional agencies currently conduct examinations used by 41
jurisdictions.
Because state boards that participate in a regional dental testing agency
often have different educational requirements for licensure, some

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regional agencies restrict eligibility to graduates of accredited dental
schools.
A state with restricted eligibility may also have a provision to grant licen-
sure to foreign-trained dentists.
Because circumstances may vary, a foreign-trained dentist should always
direct his or her initial request for information about a clinical examina-
tion to the appropriate state board rather than to a regional dental test-
ing agency.
As noted previously, a clinical examination may include a written compo-
nent. There may also be a laboratory or manikin component.
Most clinical examinations involve performing dental procedures on
patients. Specific procedures are typically identified in advance, and the
candidate is normally responsible for furnishing patients in need of these
procedures. Although dental units and chairs are ordinarily furnished, the
candidate is typically expected to bring instruments and materials to be
used.
Candidates are advised to obtain specific information about these
requirements and procedures from the clinical testing agencies.

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It is also advisable to request information about examination regulations,
such as whether the state limits the number of times an individual may
take the examination.
Other Requirements
State boards of dentistry may have other types of licensure requirements.
For example, most states require sound moral character as a criterion for
licensure. Some states require proof of malpractice insurance or current
certification in Basic Life Support.
Documentation requirements differ among states. There may also be
some requirements applicable to foreign-trained dentists only. You must
check with the appropriate state board of dentistry for specific informa-
tion.
Temporary and Provisional Licensure

Some states may grant temporary and/or provisional dental licenses to
meet specific needs.
For example, a temporary license may be granted to permit a student to
participate in an advanced education program.

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Provisional licensure is usually limited to full-time faculty members of
accredited dental programs, where required.
Neither temporary nor provisional licenses are valid for the purposes of
private practice.
If seeking licensure for the purpose of a faculty position, the educational
institution typically supplies information about such provisions when an
individual is accepted or employed into a position qualifying for tempo-
rary or provisional licensure.

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United States Employment Opportunities
Employment Opportunities
The important requirement for a foreign national to obtain employment
in the U. S. is a visa that permits the individual to work in this country.
Information about the visas may be obtained from the United States
embassy or a U. S. consulate in the foreign country. You can also refer to
the chapter Immigration.
Sometimes you may want to work as a dental technician or other similar
position until you get State dental license. So, we have provided some
information on those areas also.
Few employment opportunities exist in the United States for a dentist
who does not hold a state dental license.
Types of positions for which dental licensure may not be required are
described in the following paragraphs.
Faculty Positions
Dentists employed by dental schools for teaching or research assign-
ments are sometimes not required to hold a dental license.
Requirements vary from state to state. An advanced dental degree with
an excellent academic record and research experience are usually

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required for such positions. Such qualifications, however, do not insure
that an individual will obtain an appointment to a dental school faculty.
For information about specific positions, it is necessary to contact the
individual dental schools.
A foreign dental graduate who qualifies for a faculty or research position
might check about the possibility of a Fulbright Commission adminis-
tered by the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Education and Cultural
Affairs. For more information about the program contact the Fulbright
Commission in your country. If there is no commission in your country,
contact the American Embassy.
Allied Dental Personnel

Some foreign dental graduates seek employment as allied dental person-
nel until they succeed in attaining dental licensure.
Three categories of allied dental personnel are recognized in the United
States:
the dental assistant
the dental laboratory technician and
the dental hygienist

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Dental Assistant
A dental assistant supports a dentist directly in patient care.
A dental assistant works under the supervision of a dentist and duties
may include performing such chairside functions as
instrument exchange
exposing and processing radiographs
sterilizing instruments
preparing tray set-ups
maintaining patient records and
performing business office procedures
Although formal education in dental assisting is available, neither formal
education nor licensure are required by law for employment in most
states. An exception to this general statement is that some states register
dental assistants to perform intraoral functions specified in the dental
practice act.
Employment opportunities may be found in classified sections of profes-
sional publications and local newspapers. Persons seeking employment
may also place advertisements in such publications.

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Dental Laboratory Technician
A dental laboratory technician works with dentists by following the spec-
ifications described in authorizations from the dentist to create a variety
of dental prostheses including
complete dentures
fixed bridges
removable partial dentures
crowns
inlays and
corrective appliances
Although formal education in dental laboratory technology is available,
neither formal education nor licensure are typically required for employ-
ment.
Most dental laboratory technicians are employed in commercial laborato-
ries or operate their own laboratories, but some are employed by dentists
and various government agencies.
Opportunities can be sought through advertisements as described for
dental assisting or by contacting commercial laboratories in the area.

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Dental Hygienist
To work as a dental hygienist an individual must be licensed by the
appropriate state board of dentistry.
The usual dental hygiene educational requirement for licensure is gradu-
ation from a dental hygiene education program that is accredited by the
Commission on Dental Accreditation.
Such a program is conducted at the post-secondary level and is a mini-
mum of two academic years in length.
A dental hygienist assumes delegated responsibilities for patient care
under the direction and supervision of a dentist. The scope of a hygien-
ist's work is dependent upon the jurisdiction's dental practice act, but
typically includes
collecting diagnostic data
performing an oral inspection and an oral prophylaxis
providing fluoride treatments
dental sealants and
oral hygiene instructions
Generally, states do not have provisions for dental hygiene licensure for
foreign trained dentists.

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United States American Dental Association
The American Dental Association (ADA) is a private, not-for-profit organi-
zation of dentists and dental students.
About ADA
Its objectives are to encourage improvement of the health of the public
and to promote the art and science of dentistry. Although membership is
voluntary, approximately 70% of U. S. dentists and 85% of dental students
belong to the ADA. There are provisions to enable foreign-trained den-
tists to become members as well.
Policies
Over time, the Association has developed a comprehensive set of policies
on issues facing dentistry. Policies may relate to Association programs or
may serve as advice for others.
Policies relating to education and licensure fall in the latter category.
While the Association is free to provide advice to governmental agencies,
it does not control the activities of such agencies. With these limitations
in mind, some Association policies may be of special interest.

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The American Dental Association is proud of the quality of dental educa-
tion available in the United States. To share with other countries, the
Association encourages dental schools to provide educational opportuni-
ties to foreign-trained dentists who wish to become dental educators in
their own countries.
Standards of the Association's Commission on Dental Accreditation con-
tribute to this position by specifying that an individual with appropriate
qualifications may be admitted with advanced standing to an educa-
tional program.
On the topic of licensure, the Association supports the principle of afford-
ing opportunities to immigrant dentists but also wants to preserve licen-
sure standards necessary to protect the public welfare.
In the Association's view, testing alone cannot provide adequate assur-
ance of competence. Therefore, the Association recommends that an
internationally-trained dentist complete a two-year supplementary edu-
cation program in an accredited dental school as a precondition to licen-
sure.

Overseas Career
Services
The Association provides a wide range of services to its members and the
public at large. Research activities of the Association have had significant
impact on dental practice.
Product evaluations, library facilities, continuing education seminar pro-
grams and The Journal of the American Dental Association are a few
examples of ways the Association helps members keep abreast of scien-
tific developments.
Brochures, videotapes and other aids developed by the Association can
contribute to a dentist's effectiveness in patient education. Group insur-
ance programs benefit many members.
Membership
Several membership categories may be available to a foreign-trained
dentist. All membership categories discussed below entitle an individual
to receive The Journal of the American Dental Association and the ADA
News and to attend scientific sessions sponsored by the American Dental
Association at a special member rate. The appropriate category and the
method of applying depend on several factors.

Overseas Career
The bulk of ADA members fall into the Active Member classification. This
category of membership is available to a foreign-trained dentist who has
achieved licensure to practice in the U. S.
To join the ADA as an Active Member, an individual must join concur-
rently the state and local dental societies serving his or her area.
Application for all three levels is made through the state dental society,
which collects dues for all three levels.
Dues of state and local societies vary, but ADA dues are currently $401
per year plus an assessment of $30.
Foregin Dentist Membership

A foreign-trained dentist who has not achieved licensure in the U. S. may
be eligible for membership in one of two special categories.
If the dentist is practicing outside the U. S., the dentist may apply to
become an Affiliate Member. Annual dues for the Affiliate Member are
$201 per year plus and assessment of $15.
If a foreign-trained dentist is enrolled in an accredited, advanced dental
education program in the U. S., the dentist may apply directly to the ADA
to become a Graduate Student Member. The annual dues are $30.

Overseas Career
You need to contact American Dental Association for Membership appli-
cation and related procedure. The contact address is:
Department of Membership Information
Phone: 312/440-2500

Overseas Career
United States States and Licensure
States and Licensure
Accreditation Required States

Thirty-two states require graduation from accredited or approved dental
schools.
Alaska
Arkansas
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Indiana
Iowa
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Missouri

Overseas Career
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Carolina
North Dakota
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
West Virginia
Wyoming
Accreditation Not Required States

Seventeen states and the District of Columbia require graduates of unac-
credited dental schools to obtain some additional training in dentistry in
an ADA Commission on Dental Accreditation (CDA) accredited program.

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Alabama
Arizona
Illinois
Kansas
Louisiana
Michigan
Mississippi
New York
Ohio
Oregon
South Dakota
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Washington
Wisconsin
District of Columbia
Bench Test
Currently two states, California and Hawaii, require foreign graduates to
first pass the written National Board Dental Examinations and then a spe-

Overseas Career
cial preclinical exam known as a "bench test" prior to qualifying to take
the state or regional clinical exam.
Those in California who fail the bench test three times are required to
attend a two year program at a CDA accredited dental school.
Starting in 2003, California will no longer administer the bench test. Only
applicants who have graduated from a foreign dental school approved by
the Dental Board or applicants who have completed two years additional
training in an approved dental school will be eligible to apply for licen-
sure.
Applicants in Hawaii who do not pass the exam after the first attempt
must graduate from an accredited or approved dental school as required
of all other applicants.
Florida, Kansas, Wisconsin and the District of Columbia also require pas-
sage of a bench test, but only in addition to completion of additional
education or training in accredited U. S. dental programs as well as the
national and clinical exams.
Applicants for licensure must complete a general practice residency or 3
years of practice in another state.
Oregon has created a second pathway to licensure of foreign dentists by
allowing a foreign trained dentist who has completed an ADA accredited

Overseas Career
speciality program and has passed the Western Regional Board Examina-
tion to qualify to sit for the Oregon speciality exam. Interested persons
must contact the dental board for specific information.
If International Credentialing Associates, Inc fails to certify that the for-
eign school from which the applicant graduated met CDA's accreditation
standards at the time of attendance the applicant will be required to
graduate from a CDA accredited dental program.
Additionally, Ohio dental board has authority to accept results of bench
tests rather than require two years of additional schooling but has indi-
cated it will determine which test to recognize on a case-by-case basis.
Foreign graduates can complete a two-year ADA CDA recognized special-
ity program to qualify for the clinical exam.
Minnesota allows foreign-trained graduates to take licensure exam if the
Board determines their training is equivalent to that provided by an ADA
CDA accredited dental school.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
NBDE
Introduction
National Board Dental Examinations is the examination that fulfills the
written examination requirement of most states. NBDE is the short form
of National Board Dental Examinations.
In the United States, the state, district or dependency level of govern-
ment is responsible for dental licensure.
If you obtain a license from one such jurisdiction, it is applicable only
within the geographic confines of that particular jurisdiction. For exam-
ple, if you obtain license in California State, then that license will not enti-
tle you to practise in New york. You may have to obtain license from New
york authority.
Agencies in state government that administer dental licensure under
State government laws are called state boards of dentistry.
Specific dental licensure requirements vary among jurisdictions, but all
jurisdictions have three types of requirements:
an educational requirement
a written examination requirement

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
a clinical examination requirement
All jurisdictions accept graduates of dental schools accredited directly by
the Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Associa-
tion as fulfilling the educational requirement.
Most jurisdictions also accept graduates of Canadian dental schools that
are accredited by the Canadian Dental Association.
National Board Dental Examinations are intended to fulfil or partially fulfil
the written examination requirements, but acceptance of National Board
scores is completely at the discretion of the individual state.
A state may place any limit on acceptance of National Board scores that it
deems appropriate. For example, some states accept National Board
scores only if earned within the last 10 or 15 years.
The Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations is the agency
responsible for the development and administration of the National
Board Dental Examinations.
This Commission includes representatives of dental schools, dental prac-
tice, state dental examining boards, dental hygiene, dental students and
the public.
Clinical examinations are conducted by individual state boards of den-
tistry or by regional dental testing agencies. A regional agency, often

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
called a regional board, is formed when a group of state boards develops
and administers a clinical examination jointly.
Purpose of the NBDE

The purpose of the National Board Dental Examinations is to assist state
boards in determining qualifications of dentists who seek licensure to
practice dentistry.
These examinations assess the ability to recall important information
from basic biomedical and dental sciences and also the ability to apply
such information in a problem-solving context.
Recognition of the NBDE

Although written examinations may be developed at the local level, most
licensing boards use the National Board Dental Examinations (Parts I & II)
as a major portion of their written examination requirements.
Currently, all 53 United States licensing jurisdictions recognize National
Board results. These jurisdictions include all 50 states, the District of
Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands of the United States.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
NBDE Part I
The National Board Dental Examinations are organized into two parts.
Each part is developed according to examination specifications. The
specifications list topics included in each examination.
The National Board Dental Examination Part 1 is a one-day examination
administered twice a year, usually in July and December. Most students
usually take Part I after they have completed two years of dental school.
The administration of the test is divided into morning and afternoon ses-
sions. Each session is approximately 4 hours long and consists of 2 tests of
approximately 100 questions each. The entire day will contain 4 tests,
with approximately 400 total questions.
The test is entirely composed of multiple choice questions each with a
possible 3-5 answer choices. Questions are taken from a wide variety of
topical areas, including
Microbiology and Pathology (100 questions)
Anatomic Sciences (100 questions)
Biochemistry and Physiology (100 questions) and
Dental Anatomy and Occlusion (100 questions)
The National Board Dental Examination Part 1 is scored on a scale of 49-
99. A scaled score of 75 or above is considered a passing score. You will

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
receive four individual scores for the subject areas listed above, as well as
one combined average score. These scaled scores are produced from
your raw score (the total number of questions you answered correctly).
The scaled scores can be easily converted into percentiles using informa-
tion received with your score report.
You will receive your score report approximately 6-8 weeks after your
exam date. The dean of your dental school will also receive a copy of your
scores. Additional copies are available upon written request.
To be eligible to take the NBDE Part 1, your dental school must certify that
you have completed all the necessary course requirements included in
the tested content of Part 1.
Graduates of international dental schools must have your official dental
school transcripts verified by Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc.
Content and Format

Part I is usually taken after two years of dental school.
It consists of four examinations on the basic biomedical sciences titled:
Anatomic Sciences
Biochemistry-Physiology
Microbiology-Pathology

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Dental Anatomy and Occlusion
Each of the four Part I examinations consists of approximately 100 multi-
ple-choice test items.
Eligibility For Part I

The Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations does not discrim-
inate on the basis of age, sex, race, religion, national origin, disability or
marital status.
To participate in the National Board Part I Dental Examinations, a candi-
date must qualify under one of the following categories:
Dental Student
A student is eligible for examination when the dean of the dental school
or a designee of the dean certifies that the student has successfully com-
pleted all subjects included in Part I.
If the dental school is accredited by the Commission on Dental Accredita-
tion at the time the application is filed, the signature of the dean or the
designee on the application meets this requirement. Only dental schools
in the United States and in Canada (by reciprocal agreement) are accred-
ited by the Commission.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
If the dental school is not accredited, certification must be on a form pro-
vided by the Joint Commission. The completed certification form must
include the seal of the school and the signature of the dean or the regis-
trar and must be submitted with the application.
Former Dental Student

A former dental student who has completed courses in preparation for
Part I but is no longer enrolled in the same dental school is eligible for
examination only if admitted or conditionally admitted to another dental
school.
For the purpose of this paragraph, "conditionally admitted" is defined as
admission contingent upon successful completion of Part I examinations.
Verification of admission or conditional admission from the dental school
must be submitted with the application. Verification must be in the form
of a letter from the dean of the new dental school.
Dentist
A dentist who is an active, life or retired member of the American Dental
Association is eligible for examination without documentation.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
An affiliate member or a non-member must submit with the application
verification that he or she is a dentist. Such verification must be in the
form of a letter of recommendation from one of the following.
The secretary of a board of dentistry of a United States licensing
jurisdiction in which the individual is licensed or eligible for licen-
sure as a dentist.
The dean or registrar of an accredited dental school from which
the dentist has graduated. Graduates of non-accredited dental
schools must have evidence of graduation verified and submitted
as described under Documentation.
The dean or registrar of an accredited dental school at which the
dentist studied or is studying at the post-graduate level.
The dean of a dental school that is accredited by the Commission
on Dental Accreditation to which the dentist is applying for
admission with advanced standing. (This establishes eligibility for
Part I only.)
The letter should state the school that granted the D.D.S. or D.M.D.
degree, the degree and when it was granted.
Sample Question
Here is a sample question you may face:

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Read the following question and select the best answer from the
choices given below.
Which of the following components of the extrapyramidal system prima-
rily function to control skeletal muscle tone?
(A) Superior colliculi
(B) Cerebellar nuclei
(C) Cerebral nuclei
(D) Vestibular nuclei
(E) Red nucleus
Re-Examination
Re-examination consists of retesting in some but not all examinations in
Part I.
To participate in a re-examination in Part I, the candidate must have cur-
rent partial credit in the Part.
A candidate who earns an average score in Part I of 75 or higher but who
has one or more scores below 75 is awarded partial credit.
Limits on partial credit are:
A candidate with partial credit in Part I must apply for and take all
examinations on which the candidate has failing scores.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
A candidate with partial credit is allowed 37 months to pass Part I.
If a candidate does not pass Part I within 37 months the candidate
is recorded as a complete failure on the Part.
A candidate with partial credit is allowed two re-examinations to
pass Part I. If a candidate does not pass Part I after two re-examina-
tions, the candidate is recorded as a complete failure on Part I.
A candidate who earned partial credit as a dental student or a
former dental student must re-establish eligibility for Part I to be
eligible for re-examination. A dentist is not required to re-establish
eligibility to be eligible for re-examination.
Complete Retesting
A candidate may retake the entire Part I of examinations subject to the
following conditions.
If the candidate previously passed Part I, only the complete Part
may be retaken. Re-examination in individual subjects is not per-
mitted in this case. Candidates should note that the latest set of
scores is reported. Thus a candidate who performs poorly could
end up with failing results.
If a candidate's average score on the Part is below 75 or if the can-
didate exhausts partial credit, the candidate is recorded as a com-
plete failure on the Part and must retake the entire Part.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Central Office Testing
Some Part I candidates who are eligible for testing and who have an
immediate need for National Board scores may be examined in the Cen-
tral Office on a date other than a regular testing date.
To qualify for testing in Part I in the Central Office, an individual must ful-
fill one of the following conditions.
Be a dentist licensed in a U.S. jurisdiction.
Be a faculty member of an accredited dental school or dental
hygiene program.
Be a dentist traveling to the United States from a permanent resi-
dence outside the United States and Canada. Arrangements must
be made before arrival in the United States.
An individual who failed the National Board Part I Dental Examinations is
not allowed to retest before the next regular testing date on which Part I
is offered.
Arrangements for testing in the Central Office must be made at least 10
days in advance.
Tests are conducted in the Central Office only on days that the American
Dental Association is open for business, but not on regular testing dates.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Scheduling is subject to availability of room for testing. Candidates
should schedule their appointment before making travel and hotel
arrangements.
Reporting time for in-office testing is between 8:15-8:20 a.m.
Candidates are assessed the regular fee for the test plus an additional $50
for in-office test administration. Fees are payable by money order or certi-
fied check only. Cash and personal checks cannot be accepted.
Reports of scores are not provided in the office. Scores will be mailed to
the candidate within 3-5 working days of the in-office testing.
Documentation Procedure
The following steps are required for the verification of educational cre-
dentials obtained from non-accredited dental schools.
Candidates must submit an examination application and fee to:
The Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations
Suite 1846
USA

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Candidates must have official dental school course transcripts verified by:
Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc.
P.O. Box 514070
Milwaukee,
Wisconsin 53203-3470
USA
Candidates must contact Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. (ECE) and
request an ECE application form.
The ECE form will describe what educational credentials are required and
the manner in which to submit them to ECE.
Fees for ECE services will also be listed.
The candidate should indicate on the ECE application that A General
Report on the evaluation of the educational credentials should be sent
directly to the Joint Commission on National Dental Examinations. It
takes approximately four weeks for ECE to evaluate credentials.
Educational Credential Evaluators, Inc. will send the ECE Evaluation
Report directly to the candidate and to the Joint Commission on National
Dental Examinations (if it was requested by the candidate on the ECE
application).

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
The candidate must be aware that the Joint Commission will hold the
examination application, but will not process it before the ECE Evaluation
Report is received.
Examination Dates
National Board Part I Dental Examinations are administered on the same
dates at all open testing centers. Part I is offered twice per year, in July and
December. Part I requires one day and is always administered on a Mon-
day.
A candidate whose application is accepted will receive an admittance
ticket approximately two weeks before the testing date.
A candidate must pass Part I before becoming eligible for Part II.
At this time, Part I is not available on computer. It may change at any time.
Examination Centers
Written National Board Examinations are administered only in the United
States and Canada. Specific sites are determined on the basis of need.
Most dental schools operate a testing center at least once per year.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
If a candidate's first choice is not available or if the center is full, the candi-
date will be assigned to the candidate's second choice or the nearest
available center.
When a testing center is in a dental school, preference is given to stu-
dents in the school.
Examination Fees
Listed below are approximate National Board Examination fees.
Only money orders or certified checks are accepted.
Cash or personal checks will be returned with the application.
Part I First time $125
Re-examination $85 plus $10 per subject
Score Reports
Scores are reported in the following manner:
One score is reported for each of the four examinations in Part I, plus an
additional Part I Average Score.
Results for the Part I examination are mailed approximately 6-8 weeks
after a testing date.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
By signing the application, a student enrolled in an accredited dental
school (or graduated within the last 5 years) gives express permission to
provide a report of scores to the dean of the dental school. Reports of
scores are provided to others only if permission is granted in the form of a
written request from the candidate.
The Part I examination or Re-examination fee covers the cost of sending a
report of scores to the candidate and the dean of an accredited dental
school.
The candidate's report of scores is sent only to the home address of the
candidate.
After scores are mailed following a test date, graduates are sent either a
Part I or Part II application, depending on their test results. This is so they
can apply for a future test date.
Student candidates can obtain an application directly from their dental
school or the Joint Commission's office.
After receiving scores, a candidate may request that additional reports be
sent to others. The transcript fee of $10.00 applies to each report
requested. Requests for score reports must be in writing and must be
accompanied by payment of the appropriate fee.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Also, the Joint Commission will provide a history of National Board scores
(recent and previous scores) upon receipt of a written request from the
candidate. The fee for a history of scores is $20.00. This history of scores is
available only for examinations taken after April 1982.
Periodically, candidates request that their scores be sent to advanced
dental educational programs. To avoid delays in processing these
requests, candidates are urged to request scores at least two months pre-
ceding application deadlines for those programs.
Besides submitting payment of $10.00 for each school, candidates should
include their National Board reference numbers, last test date and indi-
cate whether they have only taken Part I or both Parts with their requests.
In order to process the request, payments must be made by money order
or certified check. No personal checks or cash will be accepted.
For a period of 30 days after scores are mailed, the Joint Commission is
willing to check manually the answer sheets of a candidate who failed.
This request must be in writing from the candidate.
Further, during this period, each candidate's answer sheets are available
for inspection by the candidate, by appointment, in the Joint Commis-
sion's office. The inspection time is limited and no notes may be taken.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
A candidate who requests scores after the time of application should
note any name change in the request.
If a change in National Board records is desired, a copy of the legal docu-
mentation or marriage certificate must be provided.
Scoring in Part I
Two factors affect a candidate's score:
the number of correct answers selected by the candidate and
the conversion scale for the examination
For National Board Dental Examinations, there is no penalty for selecting
an incorrect response.
A candidate's score is based on the total number of correct answers
recorded on his or her answer sheet.
If two or more answers are marked by a candidate for the same test item,
credit is not awarded.
If a test item is found to be defective, the Joint Commission may exclude
the test item from scoring.
Also, on any edition of the examination up to 15 percent of the items are
administered in order to determine if they meet established standards of

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
quality. These pretest items are not included in the scoring process and,
therefore, do not contribute to candidates' scores.
The conversion scale used to score a new edition of an examination is
based upon the performance of a well-defined reference group. This
group consists of all students enrolled in dental schools with approval
accreditation status and who are being examined for the first time.
To insure consistency in the scoring process, a comparison is made
between the performance of this group and previous reference groups.
The score of 75 is used by the Joint Commission to reflect the minimum
passing score on an examination.
The score scales for Part I Examinations are determined by reference to
performance standards established in 1982. Although score scales are
established in terms of reference group performance, they are applied
uniformly to all candidates who took the examination.
Generally, National Board results are reported in standard scores of 49 to
99. Under some circumstances a zero is reported. A score of below 75 is
considered a failure and does not earn National Board credit. Partial credit
is not available for the National Board Part II Dental Examination.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
NBDE Part II
The part II of the National Board Dental Examinations is developed
according to examination specifications. The specifications list topics
included in each examination.
The National Board Dental Examination Part 2 is a two-day examination
administered twice a year, usually in late March/early April and Decem-
ber. The test is also offered year-round on computer.
Most students take the exam in their final year of dental school. To be eli-
gible, students must have passed the NBDE Part 1.
The first day is divided into morning and afternoon sessions. Each session
is approximately 4 hours long and consists of 200 questions each. These
questions are taken from a wide range of topics, including Operative
Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Endodontics, Periodontics, Pedodontics, Orth-
dontics, Oral Surgery, Pharmacology, and more.
The second day consists of a morning session with approximately 100
questions divided among a group of case studies. The case studies repre-
sent patients with a medical history, dental history, charts, x-rays, models,
photographs, etc. Questions are centered on appropriate premedication,
treatment, patient management or social aspects of patient treatment.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
The National Board Dental Examination Part 2 is scored on a scale of 49-
99. A scaled score of 75 or above is considered a passing score.
You will receive four individual scores for the four subject areas listed
above, as well as one combined average score.
These scaled scores are produced from your raw score (the total number
of questions you answered correctly). The scaled scores can be easily con-
verted into percentiles using information received with your score report.
You will receive your score report approximately 6-8 weeks after your
exam date. The dean of your dental school will also receive a copy of your
scores. Additional copies are available upon written request.
To be eligible to sit for the NBDE Part 2, your must have passed the Part 1
exam.
Content and Format

Part II is usually taken during the last year of dental school. It consists of a
comprehensive, 1½ day examination. Approximately one-fifth of the
examination includes test items based on patient cases.
It covers the Clinical dental sciences and Patient management.
Clinical dental sciences are:

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Operative Dentistry
Pharmacology
Endodontics
Periodontics
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Pain Control
Prosthodontics
Orthodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Oral Diagnosis (Oral Pathology and Dental Radiology)
Patient Management may include:
Behavioral Science
Occupational Safety
Eligibility
A candidate is eligible for Part II only after successfully completing all of
the Part I examinations.
Exceptions to this provision are granted only at the specific written
request of a dental licensing board. In case of exception, the candidate's
scores are reported but no National Board Certificate is issued.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
To participate in the National Board Part II Dental Examinations, a candi-
date must qualify under one of the following categories:
Dental Student
A dental student is eligible for examination only when the dean of the
dental school or a designee of the dean certifies that the student is pre-
pared in all Part II subjects.
If the dental school is accredited by the Commission on Dental Accredita-
tion at the time the application is filed, the signature of the dean or the
designee on the application meets this requirement. Only dental schools
in the United States and in Canada (by reciprocal agreement) are consid-
ered accredited by the Commission.
If the dental school is not accredited, certification must be provided on a
form supplied by the Joint Commission. The completed certification form
must include the seal of the school and the signature of the dean or the
registrar and must be submitted with the application and fee.
Dentist
A dentist who is an active, life or retired member of the American Dental
Association at the time the application is filed, or who has received a let-

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
ter of recommendation from one of the three sources listed below to
meet the Part I eligibility requirement, is eligible for examination without
further documentation.
The secretary of a board of dentistry of a United States licensing
jurisdiction in which the individual is licensed or eligible for licen-
sure as a dentist.
The dean or registrar of a dental school from which the dentist
was graduated. Graduates of non-accredited dental schools must
have evidence of graduation verified and submitted as described
under Documentation.
The dean or registrar of an accredited dental school at which the
dentist studied or is studying at the post-graduate level.
Those dentists who were endorsed to take Part I only because they were
being considered for admission with advanced standing to an accredited
school must submit a letter of recommendation from one of the three
sources listed above, unless they were admitted to an accredited dental
school.
The letter should state the school that granted the D.D.S. or D.M.D.
degree, the degree and when it was granted. See Documentation below
for the form of the letter. The letter must be submitted with the Part II
application and fee.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Candidates who submitted a satisfactory ECE Report for Part I do not
need to submit another ECE Report for Part II.
Waiver of a Criterion for Part II Eligibility

At the written request of a secretary of a state board of dentistry of a U.S.
licensing jurisdiction, the requirement that a candidate pass Part I before
taking Part II is waived.
The candidate must not have failed Part I Examinations within the past
five years. Such a request must be presented on the stationery of the
board of dentistry and must indicate that Part II results will be a determi-
nant in the initial or continued licensure of the candidate.
Retesting on Part II
A candidate who wishes to retake Part II to achieve a better score to fulfill
a licensure requirement will be subject to the following condition: The
score for the most recent test will be reported.
This is true even if the candidate previously passed Part II and a failing
score is received on the retest.
A candidate must wait at least 90 days before re-examination on Part II.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
The candidate and the Prometric Registration Center will be notified of
the candidate's eligibility for the retest after 80 days have lapsed since the
previous testing date.
Once notification of eligibility for retesting is received, the candidate is to
call the Prometric Registration Center to schedule a retest appointment
for a date after the 90th day.
Candidates who retake the Part II without waiting at least 90 days after
their previous examination will cause their most recent test scores to be
rendered void.
Test Item Format

National Board Dental Examinations are composed exclusively of multi-
ple-choice test items presented in the English language.
A multiple choice test item consists of a stem, which poses a problem, fol-
lowed by a list of possible answers. The stem of a test item is usually
either a question or an incomplete statement. An item has at least three
and not more than five possible answers. Only one of the possible
answers listed is correct.
Other possible answers are termed distracters. The purpose of distracters
is to divert poorly prepared candidates from the correct answer.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Sample Question
Read the following question and select the best answer from the
choices given below.
Which of the following analgesics are likely to cause seizures in an indi-
vidual with renal insufficiency?
(A) Ibuprofen
(B) Propoxyphene
(C) Morphine
(D) Acetaminophen
(E) Meperidine
Examination Dates
Part II is offered in December and late March/early April as a written
examination.
Part II is also offered on computer on almost any day of the year. At least
90 days must elapse between any candidate’s attempts to pass Part II.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Examination Centers
Written National Board Examinations are administered only in the United
States and Canada. Specific sites are determined on the basis of need.
Most dental schools operate a testing center at least once a year.
If a candidate's first choice is not available or if the center is full, the candi-
date will be assigned to the candidate's second choice or the nearest
available center.
When a testing center is in a dental school, preference is given to stu-
dents in the school.
Computerized National Board Examinations are administered at Sylvan
Technology Centers in the United States and its territories. It is NOT given
in Canada or foreign countries. The computerized Part II examination
must be scheduled on two consecutive days.
Examination Fees
Listed below are approximate National Board Examination fees.
Only money orders or certified checks are accepted. Cash or personal
checks will be returned with the application.
Part II - Written Examination $160

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Part II - Computerized Test $300
Score Reports
For Part II, one comprehensive score is reported.
Results for the written Part II examination are mailed approximately 6-8
weeks after a testing date.
Score reports for the computerized Part II are distributed within 15 busi-
ness days after completing the examination. Joint Commission regula-
tions prohibit reporting scores by telephone.
By signing the application, a student enrolled in an accredited dental
school (or graduated within the last 5 years) gives express permission to
provide a report of scores to the dean of the dental school. Reports of
scores are provided to others only if permission is granted in the form of a
written request from the candidate.
The Part II fee covers the cost of sending reports of scores to the candi-
date, the Dean of an accredited dental school and the three state boards
indicated on the application.
The candidate's report of scores is sent only to the home address of the
candidate.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
After scores are mailed following a test date, graduates are sent either a
Part I or Part II application, depending on their test results. This is so they
can apply for a future test date.
Student candidates can obtain an application directly from their dental
school or the Joint Commission's office.
After receiving scores, a candidate may request that additional reports be
sent to others. The transcript fee of $10.00 applies to each report
requested. Requests for score reports must be in writing and must be
accompanied by payment of the appropriate fee.
Also, the Joint Commission will provide a history of National Board scores
(recent and previous scores) upon receipt of a written request from the
candidate. The fee for a history of scores is $20.00. This history of scores is
available only for examinations taken after April 1982.
Periodically, candidates request that their scores be sent to advanced
dental educational programs. To avoid delays in processing these
requests, candidates are urged to request scores at least two months pre-
ceding application deadlines for those programs.
Besides submitting payment of $10.00 for each school, candidates should
include their National Board reference numbers, last test date and indi-
cate whether they have only taken Part I or both Parts with their requests.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
In order to process the request, payments must be made by money order
or certified check. No personal checks or cash will be accepted.
For a period of 30 days after scores are mailed, the Joint Commission is
willing to check manually the answer sheets of a candidate who failed.
This request must be in writing from the candidate.
Further, during this period, each candidate's answer sheets are available
for inspection by the candidate, by appointment, in the Joint Commis-
sion's office. The inspection time is limited and no notes may be taken.
A candidate who requests scores after the time of application should
note any name change in the request.
If a change in National Board records is desired, a copy of the legal docu-
mentation or marriage certificate must be provided.
Scoring in Part II
Two factors affect a candidate's score:
the number of correct answers selected by the candidate and
the conversion scale for the examination
For National Board Dental Examinations, there is no penalty for selecting
an incorrect response.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
A candidate's score is based on the total number of correct answers
recorded on his or her answer sheet.
If two or more answers are marked by a candidate for the same test item,
credit is not awarded.
If a test item is found to be defective, the Joint Commission may exclude
the test item from scoring.
Also, on any edition of the examination up to 15 percent of the items are
administered in order to determine if they meet established standards of
quality. These pretest items are not included in the scoring process and,
therefore, do not contribute to candidates' scores.
The conversion scale used to score a new edition of an examination is
based upon the performance of a well-defined reference group. This
group consists of all students enrolled in dental schools with approval
accreditation status and who are being examined for the first time.
To insure consistency in the scoring process, a comparison is made
between the performance of this group and previous reference groups.
The score of 75 is used by the Joint Commission to reflect the minimum
passing score on an examination.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Generally, National Board results are reported in standard scores of 49 to
99. Under some circumstances a zero is reported. A score of below 75 is
considered a failure and does not earn National Board credit.
Partial credit is not available for the National Board Part II Dental Exami-
nation.
Part II Tutorial
A tutorial is available that will familiarize the National Board candidate
with the mechanics of taking the National Board on computer.
The tutorial does NOT include sample National Board content, but it does
provide the opportunity to become familiar with the basic steps involved
in proceeding through the test. The tutorial requires Microsoft Windows.
To obtain a copy on diskettes, the candidate should write a letter, include
a money order for $10, and address the letter to:
National Board Dental Examination Tutorial
Suite 1846
Chicago
Illinois 60611
USA

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
Application
Procedure
Applications for either Part are included in the Candidate’s Guides. The
Guides are available from the Joint Commission's office and from U.S. and
Canadian dental schools.
A new application must be submitted each time a candidate wishes to be
tested. All information requested on the application must be provided
and must be marked on the application form in the appropriate manner.
All information must be legible.
To avoid future complications in qualifying for licensure, candidates are
encouraged to use their legal names.
Also, because the name provided on the application is used for preparing
certificates later for passing Part II candidates, candidates should use their
legal names.
A completed application must be accompanied by the appropriate exam-
ination fee (money order or certified check only) and, if required, docu-
mentation to establish eligibility.
An application may be submitted no more than one year before the test-
ing date.

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
An application for a written test must be received by the application
deadline. It is suggested that the application be mailed at least 15 days
before the application deadline. Any application that does not meet the
above stipulations will be returned.
A candidate, whose application is accepted, will receive an admittance
ticket approximately two weeks before the testing date. The admittance
ticket lists the candidate's reference number and the testing date and
identifies the testing center to which the candidate is assigned.
Candidates are to attach a recent photograph of themselves to the admit-
tance ticket and bring it to the test center on the day of the examination.
A candidate, whose application for the computerized Part II examination
is accepted, will receive a letter with instructions for registering at a com-
puterized testing center.
Testing Disabled
At the discretion of the Joint Commission, special arrangements may be
made to enable a candidate with a disabling condition to be examined.
To request special arrangements, the candidate:
is advised to submit a request at least 90 days in advance of the
testing date for which application is made. This will provide time

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
to make special arrangements or to provide additional informa-
tion.
must provide with the request documentation of the disability
and its effect on the candidate's ability to participate in National
Board Examinations under normal conditions. If the candidate is a
student in an accredited dental school, a letter from a school offi-
cial fulfils this requirement. Otherwise, a letter from a physician or
other appropriate professional is required.
should propose in the request the type of special arrangements
needed.
In considering a request from a candidate with a disabling condition, the
Joint Commission is guided by a sense of equity. Special arrangements
are approved to give the candidate an opportunity equivalent to other
candidates but not to provide an advantage over other candidates.
With the application and fee for testing, the candidate should provide his
or her own written request stating what specific accommodations are
requested and should provide the supporting documentation.
Testing Military Dentists

A dentist serving in a United States military service who is stationed out-
side the United States or Canada may be tested by the base education

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
officer. A request for testing at an overseas duty station must be submit-
ted 60 days prior to the testing date for which application is made and
must include a letter from the base education officer indicating his or her
willingness to administer examinations in the manner specified by the
Joint Commission.
Testing Transcripts
If you need National Board Dental Transcript, then you must download
the appropriate form from the website of ADA and send it to the follow-
ing address:
National Board Transcripts
211 East Chicago Ave
Suite 1846
USA
Released Examinations
The Joint Commission has periodically released National Board Examina-
tions or samples of the Examinations in order to familiarize candidates

Overseas Career
United States NBDE
with test item format. However, the Joint Commission recommends that
candidates use textbooks and lecture notes as their primary sources of
study material.
Released editions of National Board Examinations are available in most
dental school libraries and the library of the American Dental Association.
Copies may be purchased from
The American Student Dental Association
Suite 1160, Chicago
Illinois 60611 USA
Website: http://www.asdanet.org/

Overseas Career
United States State Boards
State Boards
We have provided a complete list of Administrative contact information
for all state boards.
Alabama
State Board of Dental Examiners of Alabama
Administrative Secretary
5346 Stadium Trace Pky, Ste, 112
Hoover AL 35244
Phone: 205/985-7267
Fax: 205/985-0674
Alaska
Alaska State Board of Dental Examiners (WREB)
Licensing Examiner
Division of Occupational Licensing
P.O. Box 110806
Juneau AK 99811-0806
Phone: 907/465-2542

Overseas Career
Fax: 907/465-2974
Website: http://www.dced.state.ak.us/occ/
Arizona
Arizona State Board of Dental Examiners (WREB)
Executive Director
5060 N. 19th Ave. #406
Phoenix, AZ 85015
Phone: 602/242-1492 Ext.23
Fax: 602/242-1445
Arkansas
Arkansas State Board of Dental Examiners (SRTA)
Executive Director
101 East Capitol, Ste. 111
Little Rock, AR 72201
Phone: 501/682-2085
Fax: 501/682-3543
Email: asbde@mail.state.ar.us
Website: http://www.asbde.org/

Overseas Career
California
The Dental Board of California
Executive Officer
1432 Howe Ave., #85
Sacramento, CA 95825
Phone: 916/263-2300, Ext. 2292
Fax: 916/263-2140
Website: http://www.dbc.ca.gov/
CRDTS
Central Regional Dental Testing Service, Inc.
Executive Director
1725 Gage Blvd.
Topeka, KS 66604-3333
Phone: 785/273-0380
Fax: 785/273-5015
Email: crdts@networksplus.net
Website: http://www.crdts.org/

Overseas Career
Colorado
Colorado State Board of Dental Examiners (CRDTS)
Program Administrator
1560 Broadway, Ste. 1310
Denver, CO 80202
Phone: 303/894-7761
Fax: 303/894-7764
Email: DENTAL@DORA.STATE.CO.US
Website: http://www.dora.state.co.us/
Connecticut
Connecticut State Dental Commission (NERB)
Board Liasion
Dept. of Public Health
MS #13 PHO
410 Capitol Ave.
P.O. Box 340308
Hartford, CT 06134-0308
Phone: 860/509-7648
Fax: 860/509-7553
Website: http://www.state.ct.us/dph/

Overseas Career
Delaware
Delaware State Board of Dental Examiners
Administrative Assistant
861 Silver Lake Blvd
Ste. 203, Cannon Bldg.
Dover, DE 19904
Phone: 302/739-4522 Ext. #220
Fax: 302/739-2711
Email: gfranzolino@state.de.us
District of Columbia Board of Dentistry (NERB)
Department of Health
DC Board of Dentistry
825 N. Capitol St., N.E.
Rm. #2224
Washington, DC 20002
Phone: 202/442-4764
Fax: 202/442-9431

Overseas Career
Florida
Florida Board of Dentistry
Executive Director
4052 Bald Cypress Way
Bin C06
Tallahassee, FL 32399-0765
Phone: 850/245-4474
Fax: 850/922-5189
Website: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/
Georgia
Georgia Board of Dentistry (SRTA)
Executive Director
237 Coliseum Drive
Macon, GA 31217-3858
Phone: 478/207-1680
Fax: 478/207-1685
Hawaii
Hawaii State Board of Dental Examiners

Overseas Career
Executive Officer
Dept. of Commerce & Consumer Affairs
P.O. Box 3469
Honolulu, HI 96801
Phone: 808/586-2702
Fax: 808/586-2874
Idaho
Idaho State Board of Dentistry (WREB)
Executive Director
P.O. Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-0021
Phone: 208/334-2369
Fax: 208/334-3247
Website: http://www2.state.id.us/isbd/
Illinois
Illinois State Board of Dentistry (CRDTS) (NERB)
Administrator
Department of Public Regulation
320 W. Washington, 3rd Fl.

Overseas Career
Springfield, IL 62786
Phone: 217/524-2167
Fax: 217/782-7645
Indiana
Indiana State Board of Dentistry
Executive Director
Health Professions Bureau
402 W. Washington
Room 041
Indianapolis, IN 46204
Phone: 317/234-2057
Fax: 317/233-4236
Iowa
Iowa Board of Dental Examiners (CRDTS)
Executive Director
400 SW 8th St., Ste. D
Des Moines, IA 50309
Phone: 515/281-5157
Fax: 515/281-7969

Overseas Career
Email: ibde@bon.state.ia.us
Kansas
Kansas Dental Board (CRDTS)
Administrative Director
3601 SW 29th St., Ste. 134
Topeka, KS 66614-2062
Phone: 785/273-0780
Fax: 785/273-7545
Email: dental@ink.org
Kentucky
Kentucky Board of Dentistry (SRTA)
Executive Director
10101 Linn Station Rd.
#540
Louisville, KY 40223
Phone: 502/423-0573
Fax: 502/423-1239

Overseas Career
Louisiana
Louisiana State Board of Dentistry
Executive Director
One Canal Place
365 Canal St., Suite 2680
New Orleans, LA 70130
Phone: 504/568-8574
Fax: 504/568-8598
Website: http://www.lsbd.org/
Maine
Maine Board of Dental Examiners (NERB)
Executive Secretary
143 State House Station
Augusta, ME 04333
Phone: 207/989-5849
Fax: 207/989-5849
Maryland
Maryland State Board of Dental Examiners (NERB)

Overseas Career
Administrator
The Benjamin Rush Bldg
Spring Grove Hospital Center
Wade Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21228
Phone: 410/402-8500
Fax: 410/402-8505
Massachusetts
Massachusetts Board of Dentistry (NERB)
Administrator
239 Causeway St, 5th Floor,
Boston, MA 02114
Phone: 617/727-7368
Fax: 617/727-2197
Website: http://www.state.ma.us/reg/boards/dn/
Michigan
Michigan Board of Dentistry (NERB)
Licensing Manager
Department of Consumer

Overseas Career
& Industry Services
P.O. Box 30670
Lansing, MI 48909-8170
Phone: 517/335-1752
Fax: 517/241-3082
Minnesota
Minnesota Board of Dentistry (CRDTS)
Executive Director
2829 University Ave., SE
Suite 450
Minneapolis, MN 55414
Phone: 612/617-2250
Fax: 612/617-2260
Website: http://www.dentalboard.state.mn.us/
Mississippi
Mississippi State Board of Dental Examiners
Executive Director
600 East Amite St., Ste. 100
Jackson, MS 39201-2801

Overseas Career
Phone: 601/944-9622
Fax: 601/944-9624
Email: dental@msbde.state.ms.us
Website: http://www.msbde.state.ms.us/
Missouri
Missouri Dental Board (CRDTS)
Executive Director
P.O. Box 1367
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Phone: 573/751-0040
Fax: 573/751-8216
Email: dental@mail.state.mo.us
Website: http://www.ecodev.state.mo.us/pr/dental/
Montana
Montana Board of Dentistry (WREB)
Administrator
301 South Park
P.O. Box 200513
Helena, MT 59620-0513

Overseas Career
Phone: 406/841-2390
Fax: 406/841-2305
Website: http://www.discoveringmontana.com/dli/bsd/
Nebraska
Nebraska Board of Dentistry (CRDTS)
Section Administrator
P.O. Box 94986
Lincoln, NE 68509-4986
Phone: 402/471-2118
Fax: 402/471-3577
Website: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/crl/crlindex.htm
Nevada
Nevada Board of Dental Examiners
Executive Director
2295 E. Renaissance Drive,
Suite B
Las Vegas, NV 89119
Phone: 702/486-7044
Fax: 702/486-7046

Overseas Career
Email: nsbde@govmail.state.nv.us
New Hampshire
New Hampshire Board of Dental Examiners (NERB)
Executive Secretary
2 Industrial Park Drive,
Concord, NH 03301-8520
Phone: 603/271-4561
Fax: 603/271-6702
Website: http://www.state.nh.us/dental/
New Jersey
New Jersey State Board of Dentistry (NERB)
Executive Director
124 Halsey Street
P.O. Box 45005
Newark, NJ 07101
Phone: 973/504-6405
Fax: 973/273-8075
Website: http://www.state.nj.us/lps/ca/medical.htm#den3/

Overseas Career
New Mexico
New Mexico Board of Dental Health Care (WREB)
Administrator
P.O. Box 25101
Santa Fe, NM 87504-5101
Phone: 505/476-7125
Fax: 505/476-7095
Email: DentalBoard@state.nm.us
New York
New York State Board of Dentistry (NERB)
Executive Secretary
89 Washington Avenue
2nd Floor-West Wing
Albany, NY 12234
Phone: 518/474-3817, Extension. 550
Fax: 518/473-6995
Email: dentbd@mail.nysed.gov
Website: http://www.op.nysed.gov/proflist.htm

Overseas Career
North Carolina
North Carolina State Board of Dental Examiners
Chief Operations Officer
15100 Weston Pkwy.
Suite 101
Cary, NC 27513-2129
Phone: 919/678-8223
Fax: 919/678-8472
Website: http://www.ncdentalboard.org/
North Dakota
North Dakota Board of Dentistry (CRDTS)
Executive Director
P.O. Box 7246
Bismarck, ND 58507-7246
Phone: 701/223-1474
Fax: 701/224-0038
Email: ndsbde@aptnd.com
Website: http://www.nddentalboard.org/

Overseas Career
NERB
North East Regional Board of Dental Examiners, Inc.
Administrative Director
8484 Georgia Ave., Ste. 900
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Phone: 301/563-3300
Fax: 301/563-3307
Email: nerb@nerb.org
Website: http://www.nerb.org/
Ohio
Ohio State Dental Board (NERB)
Executive Director
77 S. High St./18th Floor
Columbus, OH 43266-0306
Phone: 614/466-2580
Fax: 614/752-8995
Oklahoma
Oklahoma Board of Dentistry (WREB)

Overseas Career
Executive Director
201 N.E. 38th Terrace, #2
Oklahoma City, OK 73105
Phone: 405/524-9037
Fax: 405/524-2223
Email: dentist@oklaosf.state.ok.us
Oregon
Oregon Board of Dentistry (WREB)
Executive Director
1515 S.W. Fifth Ave.
Suite 602
Portland, OR 97201
Phone: 503/229-5520
Fax: 503/229-6606
Website: http://www.oregondentistry.org/
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania State Board of Dentistry (NERB)
Board Administrator
P.O. Box 2649

Overseas Career
Harrisburg, PA 17105
Phone: 717/783-7162
Fax: 717/787-7769
Website: http://www.dos.state.pa.us/ bpoa/denbd/mainpage.htm
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Board of Dental Examiners
Director, Examining Boards
P.O. Box 10200
San Juan, PR 00908
Phone: 787/723-1617
Fax: 787/725-7903
Rhode Island
Rhode Island State Board of Examiners in Dentistry (NERB)
Administrator
Three Capitol Hill, Rm. 205
Providence, RI 02908
Phone: 401/222-2151
Fax: 401/222-2158

Overseas Career
South Carolina
South Carolina State Board of Dentistry (SRTA)
Administrator
P.O. Box 11329
Columbia, SC 29211-1329
Phone: 803/896-4599
Fax: 803/896-4596
Website: http://www.ncdentalboard.org/
South Dakota
South Dakota State Board of Dentistry (CRDTS)
Executive Secretary
P.O. Box 1037
106 W. Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501
Phone: 605/224-1282
Fax: 605/224-7426
Website: http://www.state.sd.us/dcr/dentistry/

Overseas Career
SRTA
Southern Regional Testing Agency, Inc.
Executive Director
303 - 34th Street, Ste. 7
Virginia Beach, VA 23451
Phone: 757/428-1003
Fax: 757/437-4507
Tennessee
Tennessee Board of Dentistry (SRTA)
Executive Director
1st Floor, Cordell Hull Bldg.
425 5th Ave. North
Nashville, TN 37247-1010
Phone: 888/310-4650 Ext. 25073
Fax: 615/532-5369
Website: http://www.state.tn.us/health/
Texas
Texas State Board of Dental Examiners (WREB)

Overseas Career
Executive Director
333 Guadalupe Twr 3
Suite 800
Austin, TX 78701
Phone: 512/463-6400
Fax: 512/463-7452
Website: http://www.tsbde.state.tx.us/
Utah
Utah Board of Dentists and Dental Hygienists (WREB)
Bureau Manager
Div. of Occup. & Prof. Lic.
P.O. Box 146741
Salt Lake City, UT 84114-6741
Phone: 801/530-6767
Fax: 801/530-6511
Website: http://www.dopl.utah.gov/
Vermont
Vermont Board of Dental Examiners (NERB)
Staff Asst/Exec. Secretary

Overseas Career
Office of Secretary of State
26 Terrace St., Drawer 09
Montpelier, VT 05609-1106
Phone: 802/828-2390
Fax: 802/828-2465
Website: http://www.sec.state.vt.us/
Virginia
Virginia Board of Dentistry (SRTA)
Executive Director
6606 W. Broad Street, 4th Floor,
Richmond, VA 23230-1717
Phone: 804/662-9906
Fax: 804/662-9943
Website: http://www.dhp.state.va.us/
Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands Board of Dental Examiners
Executive Assistant
Dept. of Health
48 Sugar Estate

Overseas Career
St. Thomas, VI 00802
Phone: 340/774-0117
Fax: 340/777-4001
Washington
Washington State Dental Health Care Quality Assurance
Commission (WREB)
Program Manager
1112 SE Quince Street
P.O. Box 47867
Olympia, WA 98504
Phone: 360/236-4863
Fax: 360/664-9077
West Virginia
West Virginia Board of Dental Examiners (NERB)
Executive Secretary
P.O. Drawer 1459
Beckley, WV 25802-1459
Phone: 304/252-8266
Fax: 304/252-2779

Overseas Career
WREB
Western Regional Examining Board
Executive Director
9201 N. 25th Ave., Ste. 185
Phoenix, AZ 85021
Phone: 602/944-3315
Fax: 602/371-8131
Email: wrebexam@aol.com
Wisconsin
Wisconsin Dentistry Examining Board (CRDTS)
Acting Bureau Director
P.O. Box 8935
1400 E. Washington Ave.
Madison, WI 53708
Phone: 608/266-0483
Fax: 608/261-7083
Wyoming
Wyoming Board of Dental Examiners (CRDTS)

Overseas Career
Occupational Licensing Officer
2020 Carey Ave., Ste. 201
Cheyenne, WY 82002
Phone: 307/777-6529
Fax: 307/777-3508

Overseas CareerClinical Testing Agencies
United States
Clinical Testing Agencies
Here we have provided a list of Clinical Dental Testing Agencies. You must
contact the individual State Dental Board for current information. Please
refer to the chapter State Boards for contact information.
Central Regional Dental Testing Services (CRDTS)

The following states use CRDTS:
Colorado
Minnesota
South Dakota
Illinois
Missouri
Washington(dental only)
Iowa
Nebraska
Wisconsin
Kansas
North Dakota
Wyoming
Other States Accepting CRDTS:

United States
Alaska
Connecticut
Idaho
Kentucky
Maine
New Hampshire
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Utah
Vermont
West Virginia
Northeast Regional Board of Dental Examiners (NERB)

The following states use NERB:
Connecticut
Maryland
New Jersey
Rhode Island
Massachusetts

United States
New York
Vermont
Illinois
Michigan
Ohio
West Virginia
Maine
New Hampshire
Pennsylvania
Other States Accepting NERB:
Kansas
Kentucky
Missouri
Utah
Southern Regional Testing Agency (SRTA)

The following states use SRTA:
Arkansas
South Carolina
Georgia
Tennessee

United States
Kentucky
Virginia
Other States Accepting SRTA:
Connecticut
Illinois
Kansas
Maine
Missouri
North Dakota
New Hampshire
Oklahoma
Utah
Vermont
West Virginia
Western Regional Examining Board (WREB)

The following states use WREB:
Alaska
New Mexico
Utah
Arizona

United States
Oklahoma
Washington
Idaho
Oregon
Wyoming
Montana
Texas
Other States Accepting WREB:
Conneticut
Illinois
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
New Hampshire
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Vermont
West Virginia

United States
Wisconsin
Own Clinical Dental Exams

The following states administer their Own Clinical Dental Exams
Alabama
Florida
Louisiana
North Carolina
California
Hawaii
Mississippi
Puerto Rico
Delaware
Indiana
Nevada
Virgin Islands
Other States Accepting Independent Testing Agencies:
Kansas
Missouri
New Hampshire
North Dakota

United States
West Virginia
Connecticut will consider other regional exams on a case-by-case basis.
Maine will consider other regional exams if raw scores are provided.
New Hampshire accepts all regional exams but candidates must also pass
the NERB written exam. State exams accepted on a case-by-case basis.
Ohio accepts other regional exams if candidate passes all parts of the
specific exam taken. The candidate must also pass the NERB written
exam.
Vermont accepts CRDTS, SRTA and WREB but candidates must also pass
the NERB written exam.

Overseas Career
United States Dental Schools
Dental Schools
Advanced Standing - US
Accredited U. S. Dental Schools that Accept Foreign Dental Graduates
with Advanced Standing are given below.
California
University of Southern California
School of Dentistry, Rm. 201
University Park - MC 0641
School of Dentistry
2155 Webster Street
School of Dentistry
11092 Anderson
Loma Linda, 92350

Overseas Career
Connecticut
School of Dental Medicine
University of Connecticut
263 Farmington Avenue
Farmington, 06030-3905
Florida
Box 100445, JHMHC
Gainesville, 32610-0445
Nova Southeastern University
Health Professions Division
Office of Admissions
College of Dental Medicine
3200 S. University Drive
Fort Lauderdale, 33328
Indiana
Indiana University School of Dentistry

Overseas Career
Office of Admissions and Records
1121 W. Michigan Street
Indianapolis, 46202
Louisiana
Louisiana State University
School of Dentistry - Box 228
1100 Florida Avenue
New Orleans, 70119
Massachusetts
Boston University
Goldman School of Dental Medicine
100 East Newton St., Rm 305
Boston, 02118
Tufts University
Office of Admissions and Student Affairs
One Kneeland Street
Boston, 02111

Overseas Career
Michigan
University of Michigan
School of Dentistry
1234 Dental Building
Ann Arbor, 48109-1078
(on a space available basis only)
University of Detroit Mercy
School of Dentistry,
Box 38 8200 W. Outer Drive
P.O. Box 19900
Detroit, 48219-0900
Nebraska
Creighton University
School of Dentistry
2500 California Plaza
Omaha, 68178
University of Nebraska Medical Center

Overseas Career
40th and Holdrege Streets
Lincoln, 68583-0740
New York
State University of New York
3435 Main Street
325 Squire Hall
Buffalo, 14214
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Health Sciences Center
160 Rockland Hall
Stony Brook, 11794-8700
Columbia University
School of Dental & Oral Surgery
Attn: Advanced Standing Program
630 West 168th Street
New York, 10032

Overseas Career
New York University
345 East 24th St.
New York, 10010
North Carolina
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
School of Dentistry
Office of Academic Affairs
Campus Box 7450
170 E. Old Dental Building
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450
Ohio
Case Western Reserve University
School of Dentistry
10900 Euclid Ave.
Cleveland, OH 44106-4905

Overseas Career
Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
4001 W. Spruce Street
Philadelphia, 19104-6003
University of Pittsburgh
3501 Terrace Street
Pittsburgh, 15261-1933
Temple University School of Dentistry
Office of Admissions and Student Affairs
3223 N. Broad Street, Room 341
Philadelphia, 19140
Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico
School of Dentistry
P.O. Box 5067
San Juan, PR 00936-5067

Overseas Career
Tennessee
University of Tennessee
Health Science Center
875 Union Avenue
Memphis, 38163
Texas
Baylor College of Dentistry
Texas A&M University System
3302 Gaston Avenue
Dallas, 75246
University of Texas
Health Science Center at
San Antonio Dental School
7703 Floyd Curl Dr.
San Antonio, 78229-3900

Overseas Career
Wisconsin
Marquette University
School of Dentistry
P.O. Box 1881
Milwaukee, 53201-1881
Advanced Standing - Canada

Accredited Canadian Dental Schools that Accept Foreign Dental Gradu-
ates with Advanced Standing are given below.
Alberta
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
Department of Dentistry
University of Alberta
3036 Dentistry/Pharmacy Centre
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2N8
British Columbia
University of British Columbia

Overseas Career
350-2194 Health Sciences Hall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3
Advanced Dental Education Programs

Here is list of Advanced Dental Education Programs that have in the past
considered admitting Graduates of Foreign Dental Schools.
Alabama
School of Dentistry
University of Alabama
1919 Seventh Ave.,
Birmingham, 35294
Programs Offered:
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Maxillofacial prosthetics

Overseas Career
California
Community Medical Center
445 South Cedar Avenue
Fresno, 93702
Programs Offered
School of Dentistry
Loma Linda, 92350
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center
1200 N. State Street
Room 1P51
Los Angeles, CA 90033

Overseas Career
Programs Offered
General practice residency
ML King Jr./Drew Medical Center
12021 South Wilmington Avenue
Los Angeles, 90059
Programs Offered
University of California, L.A.
School of Dentistry
10833 LeConte Ave.
Los Angeles, 90024
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics

Overseas Career
General Dentistry
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics/Pediatric Dentistry
University of California, SanFrancisco
School of Dentistry
San Francisco, 94143
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
School of Dentistry
2155 Webster Street
San Francisco, 94115
Programs Offered

Overseas Career
School of Dentistry
925 W. 34th Street
University Pk., MC-0641
Los Angeles, 90089-0641
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Veterans Affairs Medical Center/West Los Angeles
11301 Wilshire Boulevard (160)
West Los Angeles, 90073
Programs Offered
Prosthodontics

Overseas Career
Connecticut
Hospital of St. Raphael
1450 Chapel Street
New Haven, 06511
Programs Offered
Farmington, 06032
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry

Overseas Career
Delaware
Christiana Care Health System
Box 1668
Wilmington, 19899
Programs Offered
Howard University
600 W. Street, NW
Washington, 20059
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
General Dentistry
Children's National Medical Center

Overseas Career
111 Michigan Ave., NW
Washington, 20010
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
Florida
Fort Lauderdale, 33328
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Nova Southeastern at Dade County
Research Clinic
750 Northwest 20th Street

Overseas Career
Miami, 33127
Programs Offered
General Dentistry
J. Hillis Miller Health Ctr.
Gainesville, 32610-0445
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Pediatric Dentistry
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
University of Miami
Jackson Memorial Hospital
1611 NW 12th Avenue
Miami, 33136
Programs Offered

Overseas Career
Georgia
Emory Graduate University
1462 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, 30322
Programs Offered
OP
Illinois
Loyola University Medical Center
2160 South First Avenue
Maywood, 60153
Programs Offered
Prosthodontics
Ravenswood Hospital Medical Center

Overseas Career
4550 North Winchester
Chicago, 60640
Programs Offered
Southern Illinois University
2800 College Avenue
Alton, 62002
Programs Offered
General Dentistry
University of Chicago-Zoller Dental Clinic
5841 S. Maryland Ave.
MC2108
Chicago, 60637
Programs Offered
University of Illinois
Chicago/Michael Reese

Overseas Career
801 South Paulina St.
Chicago, 60612
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Indiana
Carle Foundation Hospital
611 West Park Street
Urbana, 61801
Programs Offered
Indiana University School of Dentistry

Overseas Career
1121 W. Michigan St.
Indianapolis, 46202
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Iowa
University of Iowa
Iowa City, 52242
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics
Prosthodontics

Overseas Career
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics School of Dentistry
Department of Hospital Dentistry
Iowa City, 52242
Programs Offered
Kentucky
University of Kentucky
800 Rose Street
Lexington, 40536
Programs Offered
University of Louisville
School of Dentistry
Louisville, KY, 40292

Overseas Career
Programs Offered
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
Louisiana
School of Dentistry
Medical Center
1100 Florida Avenue
New Orleans, 70119
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
Medical Center of Louisiana

Overseas Career
1532 Tulane Avenue
New Orleans, 70112-2860
Programs Offered
Maryland
National Institute of Dental Research
Room 537
Westwood Building
Bethesda, 20892
Programs Offered
University of Maryland
School of Dentistry
666 West Baltimore St.
Baltimore, 21201
Programs Offered
Endodontics

Overseas Career
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
Massachusetts
Boston University
School of Graduate Dentistry
100 East Newton St.
Boston, 02118
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry

Overseas Career
Brigham & Women's Hospital
75 Francis Street
Boston, 02115
Programs Offered
Children's Hospital - Harvard University
300 Longwood - Hummewell
Boston, 02115
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
Harvard School of Dental Medicine
188 Longwood Avenue
Boston, 02115
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics

Overseas Career
Prosthodontics
Tufts University
One Kneeland Street
Boston, 02111
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Michigan
School of Public Health
Ann Arbor, 48109-2029
Programs Offered

Overseas Career
School of Dentistry
Ann Arbor, 48109
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
School of Dentistry
8200 W. Outer Drive
Box 98
Detroit, 48219-0900
Programs Offered
Endodontics

Overseas Career
Minnesota
University of Minnesota
School of Dentistry
515 Delaware Street, SE
Minneapolis, 55455
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
Mayo Graduate School of Medicine
200 1st Street, SW
Rochester, 55905
Programs Offered
Periodontics

Overseas Career
Missouri
St. Louis University Medical Center
3556 Caroline Street
St. Louis, 63104
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics
St. John's Mercy Medical Center
621 S. New Ballas Road, #10
St. Louis, 63141
Programs Offered
University of Missouri
School of Dentistry
650 East 25th Street
Kansas City, 64108
Programs Offered

Overseas Career
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
Nebraska
40th & Holdrege Streets
Lincoln, 68583-0740
Programs Offered
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
New Jersey
University of New Jersey
School of Dentistry
110 Bergen Street
Newark, 07103-2425

Overseas Career
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
New York
Columbia University
New York, 10032
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Faxton - St. Luke's Health Care
P.O. Box 479

Overseas Career
Utica, 13503
Programs Offered
Flushing Hospital Medical Center
45th Avenue and Parsons Blvd.
Flushing, 11355
Programs Offered
New York State Dept. of Health
Empire State Plaza
Albany, 12237
Programs Offered
New York University
421 First Avenue
New York, 10010

Overseas Career
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Elm and Carlton
Buffalo, 14263
Programs Offered
St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center
301 Prospect Avenue
Syracuse, 13203
Programs Offered
School of Dentistry
3435 Main Street

Overseas Career
Buffalo, 14214
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
School of Dentistry
Rockland Hall
Stony Brook, 11794-8700
Programs Offered
Periodontics
Veterans Administration Medical Center
423 East 23rd Street
New York, 10010
Programs Offered
Endodontics

Overseas Career
Periodontics
University of Rochester
Eastman Dental Center
625 Elmwood Avenue
Rochester, 14620
Programs Offered
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
North Carolina
Carolinas Medical Center
1000 Blythe Boulevard
Charlotte, 28203
Programs Offered

Overseas Career
North Carolina Division of Dental Health
PO Box 27687
Raleigh, 27611-7687
Programs Offered
University of North Carolina
School of Dentistry
CB #7450
Brauer Hall
Chapel Hill, 27599-7450
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Ohio

Overseas Career
School of Dentistry
10900 Euclid Avenue
Cleveland, 44106-4905
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics
The Ohio State University
305 W. 12th Avenue
Columbus, 43210
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics
Prosthodontics

Overseas Career
Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
P.O. Box 26901
Oklahoma City, 73190
Programs Offered
Oregon
The Oregon Health Sciences University
School of Dentistry
611 SW Campus Drive
Portland, 97201
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics

Overseas Career
Pennsylvania
Albert Einstein Medical Center
5501 Old York Road
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Allegheny General Hospital
320 East North Avenue
Pittsburgh, 15212
Programs Offered
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
3705 Fifth Avenue at Desota Street
Pittsburgh, 15213
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
Muhlenberg Hospital Center

Overseas Career
2545 Schoenersville Road
Bethlehem, 18017-7384
Programs Offered
St. Christophers' Hospital - Children
Eric Avenue at Front Street
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
Temple University
School of Dentistry
3223 N. Broad Street
Philadelphia, 19140
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics
Prosthodontics

Overseas Career
4001 West Spruce Street
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Periodontics
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics/Periodontics
3501 Terrace Street
Salk Hall
Pittsburgh, 15261
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics

Overseas Career
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
Puerto Rico
School of Dentistry
1st Floor Academic Affairs Office
San Juan, 00936-5067
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
Prosthodontics
South Carolina
Medical University of South Carolina
171 Ashley Avenue

Overseas Career
Charleston, 29425
Programs Offered
Periodontics
Tennessee
Meharry Medical College
School of Dentistry
1005 18th Avenue, N.
Nashville, 37208
Programs Offered
875 Union Avenue
Memphis, 38163
Programs Offered
Periodontics

Overseas Career
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
1623 Vanderbilt Clinic
Nashville, 37232-5225
Programs Offered
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
1030 Jefferson Avenue (160)
Memphis, 38104
Programs Offered
Texas
Texas A&M University System
3302 Gaston Avenue
Dallas, 75246
Programs Offered
Endodontics

Overseas Career
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
University of Texas
Dental School at San Antonio
7703 Floyd Curl Drive
San Antonio, 78284-7914
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
University of Texas Health Science Center
Dental Branch
P. O. Box 20068

Overseas Career
Houston, 77225
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
4500 South Lancaster Road, 160
Dallas, 75216
Programs Offered
Washington
University of Washington Hospital

Overseas Career
Hospital Dentistry - Box 357456
Seattle, 98195-7456
Programs Offered
University of Washington
School of Dentistry
Health Sciences Building
SC-62
Seattle, 98195
Programs Offered
Endodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
Periodontics
Prosthodontics
West Virginia
West Virginia University

Overseas Career
School of Dentistry
P.O. Box 9402
Health Science Center,
Morgantown, 25401
Programs Offered
Wisconsin
Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
9000 W. Wisconsin Ave.
Milwaukee, 53201
Programs Offered
Pediatric Dentistry
School of Dentistry
P.O. Box 1881
Milwaukee, 53201-1881
Programs Offered

Overseas Career
Endodontics
Prosthodontics
General Dentistry
US Dental Schools
The American Dental Association has delegated the Commission on Den-
tal Accreditation the responsibility for the evaluation of dental education
programs and for the listing of programs that are conducted in accord-
ance with published Accreditation Standards.
The Commission on Dental Accreditation is recognized by the U.S.
Department of Education to accredit dental education programs.
The Commission meets in January and July of each year to review accred-
itation reports and award accreditation statuses to programs.
Students currently enrolled in any of these programs and who complete
the program, will be considered graduates of an accredited program.
Dental school applicants should be aware that there are proprietary pub-
lications available that purport to rank dental schools according to the
quality of their programs.

Overseas Career
The American Dental Education Association and the American Dental
Association advise applicants to view these rankings with caution. The
bases for the rankings are questionable, and even those individuals most
knowledgeable about dental education would admit to the difficulty of
establishing criteria for, and achieving consensus on, such rankings.
All U.S. dental schools are accredited by the Commission on Dental
Accreditation, and all have their relative strengths. A dental school ideally
suited to one applicant might not be appropriate for another. The Ameri-
can Dental Education Association and the American Dental Association
recommend that applicants investigate on their own the relative merits
of the dental schools they might wish to attend.
Alabama
University of Alabama at Birmingham
School of Dentistry
1919 Seventh Avenue, S.
Birmingham, AL 35294
Website: http://www.dental.uab.edu/

Overseas Career
California
School Of Dentistry
Loma Linda, CA 92350
Website: http://www.llu.edu/llu/dentistry/
University of California at Los Angeles
School of Dentistry
10833 Leconte Ave., Rm. 53-038, CHS
Website: http://www.dent.ucla.edu/
School of Dentistry, Room 203
University Park - MC 0641
Website: http://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/
University of California at San Francisco
School of Dentistry
513 Parnassus Ave., S-630

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.ucsf.edu/
School of Dentistry
2155 Webster Street
Website: http://www.dental.uop.edu/
Colorado
University of Colorado Medical Center
School of Dentistry
4200 East 9th Ave. Box C284
Denver, CO 80262
Website: http://www.uchsc.edu/sd/sd/
Connecticut
Farmington, CT 06032-5332

Overseas Career
DC
Howard University
600 "W" Street, N.W.
Website: http://www.howard.edu/
Florida
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328
P.O. Box 100405
Gainesville, FL 32610-0405
Website: http://www.dental.ufl.edu/

Overseas Career
Georgia
Medical College of Georgia
School of Dentistry
1459 Laney Walker Blvd
Augusta, GA 30912-0200
Website: http://www.mcg.edu/SOD/
Iowa
University of Iowa
Dental Building
Iowa City, IA 52242
Website: http://www.uiowa.edu/homepage/academics/
Illinois
Southern Illinois University
2800 College Avenue-Bldg 273/2300
Alton, IL 62002
Website: http://www.siue.edu/DMSCH/

Overseas Career
Northwestern University
Dental School
240 East Huron Street
Chicago, IL 60611
University of Illinois at Chicago
801 South Paulina Street
Chicago, IL 60612
Indiana
Indiana University Medical Center
1121 West Michigan Street
Indianapolis, IN 46202
Website: http://www.iusd.iupui.edu/
Kentucky
University of Kentucky
800 Rose Street-Medical Center
Lexington, KY 40536-0084

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.mc.uky.edu/Dentistry/
University of Louisville
School of Dentistry
Health Sciences Center
Louisville, KY 40202
Website: http://www.dental.louisville.edu/dental/
Louisiana
School of Dentistry
1100 Florida Avenue, Bldg. 101
New Orleans, LA 70119
Website: http://www.lsusd.lsumc.edu/
MA
Boston University
Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine
100 East Newton Street
Boston, MA 02118
Website: http://dentalschool.bu.edu/

Overseas Career
Harvard School of Dental Medicine
188 Longwood Avenue
Boston, MA 02115
Website: http://www.hsdm.med.harvard.edu/
Tufts University
1 Kneeland Street
Boston, MA 02111
Website: http://www.tufts.edu/dental/
Maryland
University of Maryland
Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Dental School
666 West Baltimore Street, Room 4-A-11
Baltimore, MD 21201
Michigan
School of Dentistry
1234 Dental Building

Overseas Career
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078
Website: http://www.dent.umich.edu/
School of Dentistry
8200 W. Outer Drive-Box 98
Detroit, MI 48219-0900
Minnesota
University of Minnesota
School of Dentistry
515 S.E. Delaware Street
Minneapolis, MN 55455
Website: http://www.dentistry.umn.edu/
Missouri
University of Missouri-Kansas City
School of Dentistry
Kansas City, MO 64108
Website: http://www.umkc.edu/dentistry/

Overseas Career
Mississippi
University of Mississippi
School of Dentistry-Medical Center
2500 North State Street
Jackson, MS 39216-4505
Website: http://umc.edu/dentistry/
North Carolina
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
School of Dentistry
104 Brauer Hall, 211 H
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450
Website: http://www.dent.unc.edu/
Nebraska
40th & Holdrege Streets
Lincoln, NE 68583-0740
Website: http://www.unmc.edu/dentistry/

Overseas Career
Creighton University
School of Dentistry
2500 California Street
Omaha, NE 68178
Website: http://cudental.creighton.edu/
New Jersey
University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey
New Jersey Dental School
110 Bergen Street
Newark, NJ 07103-2425
Website: http://www.umdnj.edu/
New York
State University of New York at Buffalo
325 Squire Hall
Buffalo, NY 14214
Website: http://www.sdm.buffalo.edu/
Columbia University

Overseas Career
New York, NY 10032
Website: http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/dental/
New York University
New York, NY 10010
Website: http://www.nyu.edu/Dental/
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Rockland Hall
Stony Brook, NY 11794-8700
Website: http://www.informatics.sunysb.edu/dental/
Ohio
School of Dentistry
2123 Abington Road
Cleveland, OH 44106

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.cwru.edu/dental/casewebsite/index.html/
Ohio State University
305 West 12th Avenue
Columbus, OH 43210
Website: http://www.dent.ohio-state.edu/
Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
P.O. Box 26901
Oklahoma City, OK 73190
Website: http://dentistry@ouhsc.edu/
Oregon
Oregon Health Sciences University
School of Dentistry-Sam Jackson Pk
611 S.W. Campus Drive
Portland, OR 97201
Website: http://www.ohsu.edu/sod-Admissions/

Overseas Career
Philadelphia
Temple University
School of Dentistry
3223 North Broad Street
Philadelphia, PA 19140
Website: http://www.temple.edu/dentistry/
4001 West Spruce Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Website: http://www.dental.upenn.edu/
3501 Terrace Street
Pittsburgh, PA 15261
Website: http://www.dental.pitt.edu/
Puerto Rico

Overseas Career
School of Dent-Med Sci Campus
P.O. Box 365067
San Juan, PR 00936-5067
South Carolina
Medical University of South Carolina
171 Ashley Avenue
Charleston, SC 29425
Tennessee
875 Union Avenue
Memphis, TN 38163
Website: http://www.utmem.edu/dentistry/
Meharry Medical College
School of Dentistry
1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Blvd.
Nashville, TN 37208

Overseas Career
Texas
Texas A&M Univ Systems
3302 Gaston Avenue
Dallas, TX 75246
Website: http://www.tambcd.edu/
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Dental Branch
6516 John Freeman Avenue
Houston, TX 77030
Website: http://www.db.uth.tmc.edu/
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Dental School
7703 Floyd Curl Drive
San Antonio, TX 78284-7914
Website: http://www.dental.uthscsa.edu/
Virginia
Virginia Commonwealth University

Overseas Career
VCU-School of Dentistry
P.O. Box 980566
Richmond, VA 23298-0566
Website: http://www.dentistry.vcu.edu/
Washington
University of Washington-Health Sciences
School of Dentistry
Room D-322 Box 356365
Seattle, WA 98195
Website: http://www.dental.washington.edu/
WI
School of Dentistry
P.O. Box 1881
Milwaukee, WI 53201
Website: http://www.dental.mu.edu/

Overseas Career
West Virginia
West Virginia University
School of Dentistry
The Medical Center-PO Box 9400
Morgantown, WV 26506-9400
Canadian Dental School

By reciprocal agreement, programs that are accredited by the Commis-
sion on Dental Accreditation of Canada are recognized by the Commis-
sion on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association.
However, individuals attending dental school in one country and plan-
ning to practice in another country should carefully investigate the
requirements of the licensing jurisdiction where they wish to practice.
Room 3036 Dent/Pharma Bldg
Edmonton, CD T6G-2N8
Dalhousie University
5981 University Avenue
Halifax, CD B3H-3J5

Overseas Career
University of Western Ontario
1151 Richmond Street
London, CD N6A-5C1
Mc Gill University
3640 University Street
Montreal, CD H3A-2B2
Universite de Montreal
C.P. 6128 Succursale A
Montreal, CD H3C-3J7
University of Saskatchewan
107 Wiggins Rd., Rm B526
Saskatoon, CD S7N-5E5
Ecole de Medecine Dentaire
Pavillon de Medecine Dentaire
Ste-Foy, CD G1K-7P4
124 Edward Street
Toronto, CD M5G-1G6
Website: www.utoronto.ca/dentistry

Overseas Career
350-2194 Hlth Sciences Mall
Vancouver, CD V6T-1Z3
University of Manitoba
780 Bannatyne Ave. Room D113
Winnepeg, CD R3E-0W2

Overseas CareerDental Admission Testing
United States
Dental Admission Testing
Introduction
DAT is the short form of The Dental Admission Test. DAT is conducted by
the American Dental Association.
Even though, many of the Overseas Trained Dentists are not required to
take DAT, it is a good idea to know about the process, as all the US trained
dentists undergo this test.
The testing program is designed to measure
general academic ability
comprehension of scientific information
perceptual ability
All dental schools require candidates to participate in the Dental Admis-
sion Testing Program. But, test results are only one factor among many
others considered in evaluating the admission potential of a candidate.
As the DAT test scores in conjunction with collegiate records are useful in
predicting performance, the admission process involves an evaluation of
test scores, collegiate records, and other information.

United States
The relative importance of these predictors is determined by the individ-
ual dental school.
The usual pre-professional education requirement for admission to den-
tal school is at least two academic years of liberal arts study. But, in prac-
tice, many dental schools in the United States require three years of
college.
There are certain basic pre-dental education courses that must be com-
pleted prior to enrollment in dental school. Because dental schools vary
with regard to the required pre-dental education courses, the applicant
must contact the appropriate schools to determine specific admission
requirements.
Requirements
Successful participation in the Dental Admission Testing Program
requires completion of at least one year of collegiate education, which
should include courses in biology, and general and organic chemistry.
Advanced-level biology and physics are not required.
The test scores are developed in relationship to all candidates participat-
ing in the examination and that most applicants complete two or more
years of college before taking the examination.

United States
Applicants to dental school must participate in the Dental Admission
Testing Program well in advance of intended dental school enrollment. It
is a good idea to participate in the DAT no later than one year prior to
entering dental school.
Scope of Examinations
The examinations are comprised exclusively of multiple-choice test items
presented in the English language. Each edition of an examination is
developed according to the examination outline.
There are four examinations included in the Dental Admission Testing
Program. The entire program requires just over one half-day for adminis-
tration.
The examinations included are:
Survey of Natural Sciences
Perpetual Ability
Reading Comprehension
Quantitative Reasoning

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Survey of the Natural Sciences
Biology
Cell and Molecular Biology - origin of life; cell metabolism (including pho-
tosynthesis); enzymology; cell processes; thermodynamics; organelle
structure and function; mitosis/meiosis; Diversity of Life: Biological
Organization and Relationship of Major Taxa (monera, planti, anamalia,
protista, fungi, etc.) using the five-kingdom system; Vertebrate Anatomy
and Physiology: Structure and Function of Systems - integumentary, skel-
etal, muscular, circulatory, immunological, digestive, respiratory, urinary,
nervous/senses, endocrine, and reproductive; Developmental Biology -
fertilization, descriptive embryology, and developmental mechanisms;
Genetics - Molecular genetics, human genetics, classical genetics and
chromosomal genetics; Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior - natural selec-
tion, population genetics, speciation, population and community ecol-
ogy, ecosystems, and animal behavior (including social behavior).
General Chemistry
Stoichiometry and General Concepts - (percent of composition, empirical
formulae, balancing equations, moles and molecular formulas, molar

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mass, density, and calculations from balanced equations; Gases - kinetic
molecular theory of gases, Dalton's, Boyle's, Charles, and ideal gas laws;
Liquids and Solids - intermolecular forces, phase changes, vapor pressure,
structures, polarity, and properties; Solutions - polarity, properties (colli-
gative, non-colligative), forces, and concentration calculations; Acids and
Bases - pH, strength, Bronsted-Lowry reactions, calculations; Chemical
Equilibria - molecular, acid/base, precipitation, calculations, and Le Chate-
lier’s principle; Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry- laws of thermo-
dynamics, Hess’ law, spontaneity, enthalpies and entropies, and heat
transfer; Chemical Kinetics - rate laws, activation energy, and half life; Oxi-
dation-Reduction Reactions - balancing equations, determination of oxi-
dation numbers, electrochemical calculations, and electrochemical
concepts and terminology; Atomic and Molecular Structure - electron
configuration, orbital types, Lewis-Dot diagrams, atomic theory, quantum
theory, molecular geometry, bond types, and sub-atomic particles; Peri-
odic Properties -representative elements, transition elements, periodic
trends, and descriptive chemistry; Nuclear Reactions - balancing equa-
tions, binding energy, decay processes, particles, and terminology; Labo-
ratory - basic techniques, equipment, error analysis, safety, and data
analysis.

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Organic Chemistry
Mechanisms (Energetics, Structure, and Stability of Intermediates) - SN1,
SN2, elimination, addition, free radical, and substitution mechanisms;
Chemical and Physical Properties of Molecules and Organic Analysis -
inter- and intra-molecular forces, separation, introductory infrared spec-
troscopy, 1HNMR spectroscopy, 13CNMR, chemical identification, stabil-
ity, solubility, and polarity; Stereochemistry - conformational analysis,
optical activity, chirality, chiral centers, planes of symmetry, enantiomers,
diastereomers, and meso compounds; Nomenclature - IUPAC rules, and
functional groups in molecules; Reactions of the Major Functional Groups
and Combinations of Reactions to Synthesize Compounds; Acid-base
chemistry - resonance effects, inductive results, and prediction of prod-
ucts and equilibria; Aromatics and Bonding - concept of aromaticity, reso-
nance, atomic orbitals, molecular orbitals, hybridization, bond angles,
and bond lengths.
Perceptual Ability
Angle discrimination, form development cubes, orthographic projec-
tions, apertures, and paper folding.

United States
Reading Comprehension
Ability to read, organize, analyze, and remember new information in den-
tal and basic sciences. Ability to comprehend thoroughly when studying
scientific information.
Reading materials are typical of materials encountered in the first year of
dental school and require no prior knowledge of the topic other than a
basic undergraduate preparation in science. The Reading Comprehen-
sion Test contains three reading passages.
Quantitative Reasoning
Mathematical Problems: Algebra - equations and expressions, inequali-
ties, exponential notation, absolute value, and ratios and proportions;
Numerical calculations - fractions and decimals, percentages, and approx-
imations; Conversions - scientific notation, temperature, time, weight,
and distance; Probability and Statistics; Geometry; Trigonometry, and
Applied Mathematics (Word) Problems.
A number of procedures are used to insure that tests are fair to all exami-
nees regardless of racial, ethnic, gender, or regional background. The test
construction process involves a review of questions to insure that they
are not differentially familiar to any groups of individuals. Further, as part

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of the scoring process, test-question data are analyzed for fairness. Any
questions that may appear differentially familiar are evaluated and, if
appropriate, modified.
Validity studies are published annually containing correlations between
test scores and dental grades. These reports are available upon request
from
The Department of Testing Services,
211 East Chicago Avenue,
Suite 1846,
Chicago,
Illinois 60611-2678.
USA
The Test
Registration
The Dental Admission Test is administered on computer on almost any
day of the year.
Candidates who are applying for the DAT must submit the application
form and fee payment to the Dental Admission Testing Program.

United States
After the application and fee payment are processed, the Prometric Reg-
istration Center will receive notification of the candidate’s eligibility for
DAT testing. Also, the candidate will receive instructions to call an 800-
number to register with Prometric for the DAT. By calling the 800-number,
the candidate will be able to arrange the day, time, and place to take the
DAT. Sylvan testing centers require at least a 48-hour advance notice for
scheduling a test.
The candidate is eligible for a 12 month period. If candidates do not regis-
ter during this period, they will have to submit another application and
fee in order to take the DAT examination.
It is the responsibility of the test applicant to complete clearly and accu-
rately all portions of the application form. No application can be proc-
essed unless the completed application form and fee are received at the
same time. Fees are payable by certified check or money order. Cash or
personal checks are not accepted. Incomplete or incorrect applications
will be returned.
The DAT is offered at Sylvan Technology Test Centers only in the United
States. The DAT is not administered in Canada or foreign countries.

United States
Cancellation
The Prometric Registration Center requires notification at least two busi-
ness days before the scheduled DAT to cancel or reschedule an appoint-
ment for testing at a Sylvan Technology Test Center.
For example, an appointment for Thursday cannot be rescheduled after
12 noon on Monday. No-shows, or candidates who cancel less than two
days before the scheduled testing date, will not be reassigned to another
date unless another application and fee are submitted. Arrangements
must be made by calling the Prometric Registration Center with the 800-
number used to schedule the test initially.
Fees
The examination fee is $160. This fee includes the submission of official
transcripts of scores to five dental schools, a personal copy, and a copy for
the pre-dental advisor.
The five official transcripts are included only if they are indicated on the
original application form. All requests for official transcripts of scores
received after the time of application require a $10 charge per transcript.
Fee Schedule is:

United States
$160 examination fee (five official transcripts of scores, candidate's and
advisor's copies)
$10 additional official transcript
Fees are not refundable or transferable.
All fees are payable in U.S. dollars.
You must submit a money order or certified check only. All cash and Per-
sonal checks will be returned with the application and any other docu-
ments. Make the certified check or money order payable to the Dental
Admission Test.
Refunds
Fees are not refundable. Fees are not transferable.
Special Arrangements
At the discretion of the Dental Admission Testing Program, special
arrangements may be made to enable a candidate with a disabling condi-
tion to be examined.
To request special arrangements, the candidate:
is advised to submit a written request with the application and
fee. Generally an earlier submission allows more time for making

United States
special arrangements, or for providing any additional information
that may be required.
must provide, with the request, documentation of the disability
and its effect on the candidate's ability to participate in the Dental
Admission Test under normal conditions. If the candidate is a stu-
dent in an accredited college, a letter from a school official fulfills
this requirement. Otherwise, a letter from a physician or other
appropriate professional is required.
should propose in the request the type of special arrangements
needed and the testing location desired.
In considering the request from a candidate with a disabling condition,
the Dental Admission Testing Program is guided by a sense of equity.
Special arrangements are approved to give the candidate an opportunity
equivalent to other candidates but not an advantage over other candi-
dates.
Retaking Test
A candidate can apply and retake the test as many times as the candidate
wishes. Candidates are required to submit a new application and fee for
each re-examination. A candidate must wait 90 days before retaking the
DAT.

United States
The results of the four most recent attempts are released on the official
transcript of scores and forwarded to dental schools. Also, the total
number of attempts is listed on the official transcripts.
Tutorial
A tutorial is available that will familiarize the DAT candidate with the
mechanics of taking the DAT on computer. The tutorial does NOT include
sample DAT content, but it does provide the opportunity to become
familiar with the basic steps involved in proceeding through the test. The
tutorial requires Microsoft Windows.
Tutorials can be obtained from a college predental advisor or by ordering
a copy. To order a copy on diskette, the candidate should write a letter,
include a money order for $10, and address the letter to:
DAT Tutorial
211 East Chicago Avenue, Suite 1846
USA

United States
Test Session
When the candidate arrives at the Sylvan Technology Test Center to take
the Computerized DAT, two forms of identification will be requested. One
form must include a photograph, and at least one must include a signa-
ture. At the Sylvan Technology Test Center, candidates will be photo-
graphed and fingerprinted before proceeding with the test.
The candidate will be able to become familiar with the workings of the
computer by taking a brief tutorial before beginning the actual test. The
DAT is presented in the multiple-choice format. Candidates may request
scratch paper to be used during the test.
The candidate will have a total of 4 hours and 15 minutes to complete the
four tests in the DAT battery. A 15-minute break is optional after complet-
ing the second test in the battery. If a candidate opts to take a break, the
testing session will resume automatically after 15 minutes have lapsed.
The DAT battery includes:
Survey of Natural Sciences 90 Minutes
Perceptual Ability Test 60 Minutes
Break (optional) 15 Minutes
Reading Comprehension Test 60 Minutes
Quantitative Reasoning Test 45 Minutes

United States
Testing Center Regulations
The following rules will be observed at all testing centers administering
the Dental Admission Test:
1. Candidates are required to present two IDs at time of testing: one
photo ID and, at least, one with the candidate’s signature.
2. Candidates must also have their Social Security or Social Insurance
number or assigned number with them.
3. Candidates with watch alarms and pagers must turn them off so that
the alarms do not beep. Portable telephones are not allowed in the test
center. Food and drinks are not allowed in the test room.
4. No books, slide rules, paper, calculating devices, rulers or other measur-
ing devices, or miscellaneous materials will be permitted in the examina-
tion room. Candidates who violate these rules will have their test scores
voided. The examination fee is not refunded and the candidate must wait
one year before being retested.
5. Scratch paper will be provided upon request at the testing center. No
test material or miscellaneous notes are to be taken from the examina-
tion room. Candidates who violate these rules will have their test scores
voided. The examination fee is not refunded and the candidate must wait
one year before being retested.

United States
6. The test content is the property of the American Dental Association
and must not be removed from the testing center. If this occurs, the can-
didate’s test will be voided. The examination fee is not refunded and the
candidate will not be eligible for retesting.
7. Candidates are responsible for protecting the integrity of their answers.
If cheating is detected during the examination, or evidence of cheating is
disclosed when the tests are scored, or later, those involved will have their
test scores voided. Under these circumstances candidates may request to
be retested, but their eligibility will be reviewed.
8. The test administrator and proctors are responsible for the operations
of the facility, maintaining order and administering the tests according to
established procedures. If a candidate is of the opinion that there is a
problem with the facilities or the conditions under which the test is
administered, such candidate should immediately register a complaint
with the test administrator. In the event prompt corrective action is not
taken, the candidate is urged to write the Dental Admission Testing Pro-
gram immediately following completion of the examination.
9. Candidates are responsible for being present at the test center at the
scheduled time. Candidates arriving more than 15 minutes after the
reporting time will not be allowed to participate in the examination and

United States
will have to forfeit the testing fee and must submit another application
and fee.
Test Results
Scoring of Examinations
Dental Admission Test scores are based on the number of correct
answers, therefore, candidates are not penalized for guessing.
The results are reported to dental schools in terms of standard scores
rather than raw scores. Through the use of standard scores it is possible to
compare the performance of one applicant with performance of all appli-
cants.
Scores used in the testing program range from 1 to 30. While there are no
strict passing or failing scores, the standard score of 17 typically signifies
average performance on a national basis.
Each test includes equating and pretest questions. The purpose of the
equating questions is to form a link among tests administered on differ-
ent dates so that examinees' standard scores can be placed on the same
measurement scale. Because of these equating questions, examinees'
scores have the same meaning regardless of the test they were adminis-

United States
tered. Unscored pretest questions are included on the test in order to
gather information.
This information is used in the test construction process to insure that
these questions are appropriate before they are included among the
scored items.
Result Availability
The candidate will receive official DAT scores immediately after complet-
ing the four tests in the DAT battery. Dental schools and predental advi-
sors, indicated on the candidate’s application to receive DAT scores, will
receive them approximately two weeks after the testing date.
Voiding Results
It is the policy of the Dental Admission Testing Program that once a can-
didate has taken the test battery, those scores cannot be voided at the
request of the candidate.
Partial Testing
Partial examinations are not permitted. Candidates are required to take
all examinations assigned. A score of zero is reported for any assigned

United States
examination not taken. Applicants unable to complete the examination
must submit a new application and fee before participating in any subse-
quent test period.
Confirming Test Results

If a test participant believes that a test score is not accurate, the Depart-
ment of Testing Services will manually score the test upon receipt of a
written request. Requests for rechecking test scores will be honored if
received within 30 days after results are reported.
Any mistakes in scoring that are discovered will be communicated to the
examinee and all dental schools to which scores were sent. If errors in
scoring require a candidate to be retested, no additional testing fee will
be required.
Test Reports
Candidate Score Report

A test score report and explanation is provided directly to each candidate
at the Sylvan Testing Center. These are the applicants’ personal copies
and are not to be sent or taken to dental schools.

United States
We suggest that each candidate confer with the pre-dental advisor
regarding test results. Scores will be automatically sent directly to the
predental advisor if indicated on the application, although at a later date.
When a candidate repeats the examinations, the results of the four most
recent attempts are released.
Release of Test Scores

Results of the Computerized DAT will be announced to the candidate
immediately upon completion of the test battery. These results will be
sent to dental schools within two weeks after the examination.
Although the Dental Admission Test scores are the property of the Ameri-
can Dental Association, the test scores of any test subject will not be
released without specific written authorization by the test candidate. Test
scores will be kept on file indefinitely, thereby making it possible to send
scores to other programs in the future when requested by the test candi-
dates.
Score Report Copies

When requesting additional official transcripts, applicants must specify
the testing center, the month and the year when the examination was

United States
taken, the candidate's U.S. Social Security number (Canadian SIN or
assigned number) and include the appropriate fee. Requests for addi-
tional official transcripts must be requested in writing and require
approximately three weeks to be processed. All fees are payable by certi-
fied check or money order. Personal checks will not be accepted.
Testing Transcripts
If you need DAT Transcript, then you must download the appropriate
form from the website of ADA and send it to the following address:
National Board Transcripts
211 East Chicago Ave.,
Suite 1846
USA
Test Preparation Courses

There are some excellent Test Preparation Courses available in the mar-
ket. Kaplan is a leader in such courses. But these courses are expensive.

United States
The Dental Admission Testing Program does not advise on the content or
efficacy of test preparation courses designed to prepare candidates to
take the DAT.
If you are considering participating in test preparation courses , please
carefully review the course materials to ensure that they reflect the cur-
rent content of the DAT.

Overseas Career
United States Matching Services
Matching Services
Candidates applying to postdoctoral dental education programs will find
the matching services useful. We have given important information on
this topic. You must contact the agencies for further information.
PASS
Who is Pass?
The Postdoctoral Application Support Service (PASS) is a centralized
application service, designed by the American Dental Education Associa-
tion (ADEA) in 1990 for candidates applying to postdoctoral dental edu-
cation programs.
PASS provides uniform standardized information to participating post-
doctoral programs, eliminating the need for multiple applications. Appli-
cants submit only one application to PASS.
Participating Program Types

The following types of programs participate:
Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD)

Overseas Career
Endodontics (ENDO)
General Practice Residency (GPR)
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS)
Orthodontics (ORTHO)
Pediatric Dentistry (PED)
Periodontics (PERIO)
Prosthodontics (PROS)
Procedure
Upon inquiry, the candidate may fill-out the on-line application, down-
load the PASS Application or request the application packet from the
dental school Office of Student Affairs/Admissions. The materials include
an instruction booklet and application forms.
Once the application packet is received by PASS, it is reviewed for com-
pleteness. PASS creates a computerized record based on the information
provided within the application and assign a personal identification
number.
A PASS Confirmation Copy is generated and mailed to the candidate for
review.

Overseas Career
Applications are then forwarded to the postdoctoral programs by the
scheduled mail date provided on the Confirmation Copy.
Application Processing
PASS will begin accepting and processing applications usually in June.
The base-processing fee is $145 for one to five programs; each additional
program after five is an additional $30.
PASS accepts payments in the form of personal checks, cashier’s checks,
money orders and the following credit cards
American Express,
MasterCard,
and Visa
PASS processes complete applications in approximately two to three
weeks. It is not a good idea to wait until the last minute to submit your
application to PASS or to submit your additional materials to the pro-
grams to which you are applying.
PASS Deadline
This is the date that the PASS Office must receive your completed applica-
tion in order to meet the postdoctoral program’s official deadline date.

Overseas Career
Program Deadline
This is the postdoctoral program’s official deadline date by which all of
your additional materials and PASS application must be received by the
program.
Documentation
The following documents are needed to complete the PASS application.
Many of the items are included in the PASS Application Form:
Up to three letters of evaluation
A dean’s letter of evaluation
A dental school transcript
A Program Selection Form
The Application Fee
PASS Application Form
Supplemental Answer Sheets
Candidate Essay page
Curriculum Vitae/Resume
Checklist page
Acknowledgment Receipt Card

Overseas Career
It is suggested that you provide your evaluators and dean at least three
weeks to complete these forms so that they may be included in your
application packet.
The evaluators and dean may use the institutional letterhead envelopes.
A PASS Transcript Matching Card is provided with the downloadable
application and the paper application. This card must be attached to the
transcript submitted by your registrar.
Request your official dental school transcript at least three weeks earlier
so that it may be included in your application packet.
If it is the dental school policy not to provide official transcripts to stu-
dents, the transcript may be sent directly to PASS by the Registrar’s Office.
To avoid processing delays and/or missed deadlines, you must contact
PASS to verify that the documents have been received prior to submitting
your application.
General Application
A General Application is one that will be submitted to all programs
(regardless of program type) recorded on the Program Selection Form. A
General Application includes one essay, Supplemental Answer Sheets,
one curriculum vitae/resume, up to three letters of evaluation, one dean’s

Overseas Career
letter and a dental school transcript. These documents will be forwarded
to all programs.
Custom Application
A Custom Application is one that can be individualized and submitted to
various program types using one PASS Application.
In a Custom Application, documents such as additional essays, letters of
evaluation and dean’s letters may be directed to certain programs or pro-
gram types.
Be sure that each program will receive only one essay, up to three letters
of evaluation, and one dean’s letter.
Submitting Application
Applications may be hand delivered, mailed, or delivered by an express
courier to be received Monday through Friday 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. East-
ern Time (except holidays).
Contacting PASS
You can contact Pass

Overseas Career
PASS
1625 Massachusetts Ave., NW
Suite 600
Washington, DC 20036-2212
Fax
(202) 667-4983
E-mail
pass@ADEA.org
Website URL
Website: http://www.adea.org/
National Matching Services

The Postdoctoral Dental Matching Program places applicants into first
year residency training positions in dentistry in the United States.
Program types currently participating in the Postdoctoral Dental Match-
ing Program include:
Advanced Education in General Dentistry
General Practice Residency

Overseas Career
Orthodontics
Pediatric Dentistry
The Matching Program is administered on behalf of the Sponsoring
Organizations by National Matching Services Inc.
Overview
A Matching Program provides an orderly process to help applicants
obtain positions in first year postdoctoral programs of their choice, and to
help programs obtain applicants of their choice.
For many years hospitals throughout North America have used a similar
Matching Program in the annual recruitment of medical residents. Similar
Matching Programs are also in use in other professions, including phar-
macy, psychology and law.
With a Matching Program, applicants must still apply directly to programs
they are interested in, and applicants and programs interview and evalu-
ate each other independently of the Matching Program.
However, no offers are made by programs during the interview period.
Applicants and programs can evaluate each other fully before the pro-
grams must decide on their preferences for applicants, and before appli-
cants must decide on their preferences for programs.

Overseas Career
After all interviews are completed, each applicant submits a Rank Order
List on which the applicant lists the desired programs, in numerical order
of the applicant's preference (first choice, second choice, etc.).
Similarly, each program submits a Rank Order List on which the program
lists the desirable applicants, in order of the program's preference. Each
program also indicates the number of positions available.
The Matching Program then places individuals into positions based
entirely on the preferences stated in the Rank Order Lists submitted.
The result of the match is that each applicant is placed with the most pre-
ferred program on the applicant's Rank Order List that ranks the applicant
and does not fill all its positions with more preferred applicants.
Similarly, each program is matched with the most preferred applicants on
its list, up to the number of positions available, who rank the program
and who do not receive positions at programs they prefer.
Since all offers, acceptances, rejections and final placements occur simul-
taneously, the Matching Program is an effective and fair means of imple-
menting a standardized acceptance date.
It allows programs and applicants to evaluate each other fully before
determining preferences, thus alleviating the pressures to make prema-
ture decisions based on incomplete information.

Overseas Career
Furthermore, the Matching Program alleviates many common adverse
situations from the recruitment process, such as applicants hoarding mul-
tiple offers, and applicants or programs reneging on a prior acceptance in
order to accept a more preferred program or applicant that has subse-
quently become available. Also, a program can be assured that it will not
be matched with more applicants than it has available positions.
In a Matching Program, both applicants and programs should list choices
in order of preference, without consideration for how they will be ranked
by the other party.
Decisions by applicants and programs regarding rankings can be based
on the applicants' and programs' true preferences for each other, without
the need to speculate on the likelihood of subsequent offers being made
or accepted.
Applicants and programs do NOT receive information about the rankings
submitted by other applicants and programs.
Each applicant is given only the final result the applicant obtains in the
match. Each program is provided only with the final results of the match,
including the names of the applicants it obtains in the match.
It is possible that all of a particular program's positions will not be filled in
the match, and that some applicants will be left unmatched.

Overseas Career
When the results of the match are released, information regarding posi-
tions that remain available is provided to applicants who are not
matched. Similarly, information regarding unmatched applicants is pro-
vided to programs with unfilled positions.
These unmatched applicants and programs with positions available are
free to contact each other and to negotiate directly with each other, inde-
pendently of the Matching Program, to fill available positions.
Rules
All programs and applicants participating in the Matching Program must
sign Agreement forms in which they commit to abide by the policies and
rules of the Matching Program as summarized below.
All participating programs and applicants must abide by the Schedule of
Dates of the Matching Program for submission of Rank Order Lists, etc.
Participating programs must offer all accredited first year positions
through the Matching Program.
The programs and positions must be accredited by the American Dental
Association Commission on Dental Accreditation.
Programs may not make any commitments regarding ranking intentions
or offers to, or require any commitments from, any applicant prior to the

Overseas Career
release of the match results. Programs may rank on their Rank Order Lists
only those applicants registered in the Matching Program.
Similarly, applicants may not make any commitments to, or require any
commitments from, any participating program prior to the release of the
match results.
For Phase I, applicants may rank only ORTHO programs on their Rank
Order Lists. For Phase II, applicants may rank only GPR, AEGD, OMS, or
PED programs, or a mixture of these types of programs, on their Rank
Order Lists.
However, applicants may rank on their Rank Order Lists only those pro-
grams participating in the Matching Program. If an applicant wishes to
accept a position at a program that is not participating in the Matching
Program, or decides not to participate in the Matching Program for any
other reason, then the applicant must not submit a Rank Order List con-
taining any choice(s) of programs for the Matching Program, but must
submit a withdrawal from the match.
Programs and applicants may freely discuss any matter and may express a
high level of interest in each other. However, programs must not disclose
to any applicant or solicit from any applicant information regarding spe-
cific ranking intentions.

Overseas Career
Also, applicants may not request information on how any participating
program intends to rank any applicant. The Rank Order Lists submitted by
each program and applicant are the sole determinants of their respective
order of preferences for the match.
The match results constitute a binding commitment from which neither
the applicant nor the program can withdraw.
A program must offer an appointment to each applicant with whom it is
matched, and the applicant must accept the offer from the program. A
program may not offer a position to any applicant who was matched
elsewhere.
Match Process
The matching process uses the preferences stated on the Rank Order Lists
submitted by applicants and programs to place individuals into positions.
The process starts with an attempt to place an applicant into the program
that is most preferred on the applicant's list.
If the applicant cannot be matched to this first choice program, an
attempt is then made to place the applicant into the second choice pro-
gram, and so on, until the applicant obtains a tentative match, or all the
applicant's choices have been exhausted.

Overseas Career
An applicant can be tentatively matched to a program in this process if
the program also ranks the applicant on its Rank Order List, and either:
the program has an unfilled position. In this case there is room in
the program to make a tentative match between the applicant
and program or
the program does not have an unfilled position, but the applicant
is more preferred by the program to another applicant who is cur-
rently tentatively matched to the program. In this case the appli-
cant who is the least preferred current match in the program is
removed from the program to make room for a tentative match
with the more preferred applicant.
Matches are referred to as tentative because an applicant who is matched
to a program at one point in this process may later be removed from the
program, to make room for an applicant more preferred by the program,
as described in the second case above.
When an applicant is removed from a previous tentative match, an
attempt is then made to re-match this applicant, starting from the top of
this applicant's list.
This process is carried out for all applicants, until each applicant has
either been tentatively matched to the most preferred choice possible, or
all choices submitted by the applicant have been exhausted. When all

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applicants have been considered, the match is complete and tentative
matches become final.
In summary, each applicant's Rank Order List is traversed "downwards",
from most preferred program to least preferred, until the first program is
reached at which the applicant can be tentatively matched, or until the
applicant's list of choices is exhausted.
Each program accepts applicants "upwards" on its Rank Order List, con-
tinually removing less preferred matches in favor of more preferred appli-
cants, until the program is matched to the most preferred applicants who
wish to be matched to the program.
Clarifications
A Matching Program does not have to be computerized. The matching
process itself could be completed as effectively by hand. A computer sys-
tem is used only to facilitate and ensure the accuracy of the matching
process.
A Matching Program does not involve an arbitrary or contrived assign-
ment of applicants to programs. A program cannot be matched with an
applicant who is not listed on the program's Rank Order List; similarly, an

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applicant cannot be matched with a program that is not listed on the
applicant's Rank Order List.
Applicants and programs are free to obtain information about each other
and to rank their choices according to their preferences without pressure
and undue haste.
The matching process simply follows the instructions embodied in the
Rank Order Lists to facilitate the placement of applicants into positions.
However, a Matching Program removes the time pressures from the tradi-
tional process of making offers, and accepting or rejecting offers.
If a program wishes to recruit a particular distribution of applicants based
on specific applicant characteristics (e.g. dental school attended or previ-
ous training), the program can attempt to do this in a Matching Program
by dividing its available positions into separate types and submitting sep-
arate Rank Order Lists for each type of position.
Furthermore, the matching process can accommodate other special
requirements, such as the matching of applicants as "couples", and the
reversion of unfilled positions from one program to another in order to
facilitate the filling of available positions.
Applicants and programs should make out their Rank Order Lists based
on their true preferences. The likelihood of being able to obtain a posi-

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tion at a program, or being able to attract an applicant, should not be
considered when listing preferences on a Rank Order List.
First consider the issue from the applicants' perspective. In the matching
process, attempts are made to place an applicant into a program in
sequence according to the applicants' stated preferences.
When attempting to place an applicant into a particular program, the
only reasons an applicant will not match to the program are either the
program did not rank the applicant, or the program has filled all its posi-
tions with more desirable applicants.
The fact that an applicant could not match to a preferred program does
not affect the applicant's chances of matching to the next program on
the applicant's list. Similarly, ranking additional less preferred choices will
not jeopardize or affect the applicant's chances of matching to a more
preferred program.
Similarly for programs, when an applicant is tentatively matched to a pro-
gram, the program will retain that applicant until a more preferred appli-
cant can be placed into the program. Only then will the program reject
the less preferred applicant, and only then will that applicant attempt to
match to a program lower on his or her list. A program cannot be

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bypassed by a less-preferred program on an applicant's Rank Order List,
regardless of how the two programs ranked the applicant.
The best strategy for applicants and programs to follow is to make out
their lists based on their true preferences. Any other strategy may result
in a worse result for the applicant or program that did not follow this
"true preferences" strategy.
Registration
To register for the Matching Program, each applicant must submit a
signed Applicant Agreement, along with the $50 U.S. registration fee, to
National Matching Services Inc.
You can download and print the Applicant Agreement form from the
website of National Matching Services or obtain application by contact-
ing them.
Upon receipt of your Applicant Agreement, National Matching Services
Inc. will send you a confirmation of the information on file for you, includ-
ing your applicant Code Number for the match. Provide this Code
Number to the programs to which you apply.

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Applications to Programs
Registration in the Matching Program does NOT constitute an application
to any of the programs participating in the Matching Program. You must
still apply directly to any and all programs in which you are interested.
Participation
The online Directory of Participating Programs lists those programs that
are participating in the Postdoctoral Dental Matching Program (the
"Match") for postdoctoral positions in the National Matching Services
Website.
This Directory is updated regularly, whenever information about pro-
grams participating in the Match changes. Applicants are encouraged to
consult this online Directory for the most current information on pro-
gram offerings and Code Numbers prior to finalizing their Rank Order
Lists for the Match.
This Directory is displayed by program type. Within each program type,
programs are listed alphabetically by state and city within state, and then
alphabetically by institution name within city.
Applicants participating in the Match must use the 4-digit Code Numbers
shown in this Directory to identify each program when submitting their

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Applicant Rank Order Lists. (Applicants should not use PASS codes for
programs.)
Only programs that are participating in the Match can be included on an
applicant's Rank Order List. If an applicant has applied to and wishes to
rank a program that does not appear in this Directory, the applicant
should contact the Program Director to determine if the program is par-
ticipating in the Match, and to obtain the Code Number for the program
to be used on the Applicant Rank Order List.
A brief description of each program is provided, including the duration of
the program and other information provided by the Program Director.
This information is included to assist the applicant in identifying each
program, to ensure he or she uses the proper Code Number for the pro-
gram on the Applicant Rank Order List submitted for the Match.
This is particularly relevant where an institution is offering more than one
program or track. It is the applicant's responsibility to ensure that the
Applicant Rank Order List includes the correct Code Number for each pro-
gram ranked by the applicant.
To obtain further information on any program, or to clarify which Code
Number to use for any program on the Applicant Rank Order List, the
applicant should contact the Program Director directly.

Overseas Career
Match Results
The Match result information provided on the web site includes the result
obtained by each individual applicant and by each program, information
on positions that remain available after the Match, and information on
applicants who participated in the Match but were not matched to a
position.
Access to Match result information on this web site is restricted, and
requires the entry of codes and passwords as described in the instruc-
tions provided previously to registered Match participants.
In addition to obtaining Match results via the web site, Match results will
also be sent to individual Match participants by e-mail and by regular
mail.
Contact Details
For further information on the Postdoctoral Dental Matching Program,
you need to contact National Matching Services Inc.
595 Bay St., Suite 301, Box 29
Toronto, Ontario

Overseas Career
Canada, M5G 2C2
Phone: (416) 977-3431
Fax: (416) 977-5020
- or -
P.O. Box 1208
Lewiston, NY 14092-8208
Phone: (716) 282-4013
Fax: (716) 282-0611
Email: dentres@natmatch.com
Website: http://www.natmatch.com/

Overseas Career
United States Job Resources
Job Resources
There are hundreds of US health job sites. We have given a few useful job
search websites.
Dental Job sites

DentalAssist.net
Website: http://www.dentalassist.net/
DentalAssistantJobs.com
Website: http://www.dentalassistantjobs.com/
Dentalink.net
Website: http://www.dentalink.net/
RDHJobs.com
Website: http://www.rdhjobs.com/
Sea Dentists
Website: http://www.seadent.com/
Dental Power

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.dentalpower.com/
Doctors per Diem
Website: http://www.doctorsperdiem.com/
HygienistOnline.com
Website: http://www.hygienistonline.com/
Health Job sites

DoctorJobs
Website: http://www.doctorsjobs.org/
PracticeLink
Website: http://www.practicelink.com/
PracticeMatch
Website: http://www.practicematch.com/
MDDirect
Website: http://www.mddirect.com/
MDJobs
Website: http://www.mdjobs.com/

Overseas Career
MDJobSearch
Website: http://www.mdjobsearch.net/
MDJobSite
Website: http://www.mdjobsite.com/
MD-Jobs
Website: http://www.md-jobs.com/
HealthCareSource
Website: http://www.healthcaresource.com/
Physician Search
Website: http://www.physicianssearch.com/
Hospital Soup
Website: http://www.hospitalsoup.com/

Overseas Career
United States Immigration
Immigration
Immigration laws of the United States establish standards for admission
of foreign nationals to the U. S.
The basic standard is to obtain a visa of the appropriate type. Type of visa
required and standards for issuance depend primarily on purpose for
entering the country.
There are basically two types:
the nonimmigrant
the immigrant
A nonimmigrant is a person who enters the U. S. for a specific purpose
with the intention of returning to his home country upon completion of
that purpose. In contrast, an immigrant is a person who enters the U. S.
with the intention of remaining indefinitely or permanently.
The two classifications most likely to be of interest to a foreign-trained
dentist are:
Nonimmigrant--Academic Student
Immigrant--Member of a Profession
We have provided general information about both classifications. More
specific information about these and other classifications may be

Overseas Career
obtained from a U. S. embassy or U. S. consulate in a foreign country.
Alternately, information may be requested from:
U. S. Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
25 E Street, NW
(202) 663-1225
Website: http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/
The American Dental Association does not provide assistance in obtain-
ing admission to the United States.
Nonimmigrant-Academic Student
This classification applies to an individual who will be studying an aca-
demic course at a school authorized to allow foreign students to attend.
To enter the U. S. as an academic student, a foreign national must first be
accepted for admission to an authorized school. The school will then
issue an eligibility form. This form must be presented to a U. S. consular
officer to obtain a visa. Visas must also be obtained for the student's
spouse and unmarried children under the age of 21.

Overseas Career
In addition to a visa, a Nonimmigrant-Academic Student is usually
required to hold a passport. The passport must be issued by the student's
native country and must be valid for at least six months longer than the
intended length of stay in the U. S.
Requirements differ for Canadian and British students, who should check
with a U. S. consular officer for details.
As an academic student, a foreign national may obtain employment in
the U. S. only in specifically limited situations. The spouse and children of
an academic student are not permitted to work in the U. S.
Immigrant-Member of Profession
A foreign national who is a licensed dentist in another country may peti-
tion for an immigrant visa for
a second preference (professional with advanced degree) or
a third preference (professional or skilled individual) classification .
If outside the U. S., the petition may be submitted to either an Immigra-
tion and Naturalization Service office or a U. S. consular office. In the
United States, the petition must be submitted to the Immigration and
Naturalization Service office having jurisdiction over the intended place

Overseas Career
of employment. When a petition is approved, the petitioner's spouse and
unmarried children under 21 years of age receive the same preference.
A foreign national awarded second preference is not awarded a visa auto-
matically. Visas are issued only if need for members of the profession
exists in the United States, and then they are issued in chronological
order based on filing date until the need is fulfilled.
Need is determined by the U. S. Department of Labor. If a nation-wide
need exists, the Secretary of the Department certifies the profession and
such certification applies to all members of the profession.
Alternately, an individual may request certification of need for a specific
area through a state employment service.
As there are an adequate number of dentists in most regions of the coun-
try, it is advisable that foreign nationals verify opportunities to practice
dentistry in the U. S. before applying for a visa.
Official Resources
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Website: http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/
Visa Services

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Website: http://travel.state.gov/visa_services.html
Other Resources
Immigration Tutorial
Website: http://www.us-immigration.com/do.htm
Practical Guide
Website: http://www.shusterman.com/
Immigration Services
Website: http://members.aol.com/mdudall/

Overseas Career
United States Associations
Associations
Dental Associations
Alliance of the American Dental Association
211 East Chicago Ave.
Phone: 1-800-621-8099 Ext. 2865
E-mail: allianceada@mindspring.com
Website: http://www.allianceada.org/
Academy of General Dentistry
211 East Chicago Ave
Chicago, IL 60611
Phone: 312-440-4300
Website: http://www.agd.org/
International Association For Dental Research
1619 Duke Street Alexandria,
VA 22314-3406
Phone: (703) 548-0066
Fax: (703) 548-1883

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Website: http://www.iadr.org/
American Association of Women Dentists
645 N. Michigan Ave., #800
Chicago, IL 60611
Phone: (800) 920 2293
Fax: (312) 280 9893
Email: info@womendentists.org
Website: http://www.womendentists.org/
American Dental Education Association
1625 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Suite 600
Washington, DC 20036-2212
Phone: 202-667-9433
Fax: 202-667-0642
Email: adea@adea.org/
American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists
723 North Beers Street
Holmdel, NJ 07733
Fax: 732.739.6288
Email: admin@asdahq.org
Website: http://www.asdahq.org/

Overseas Career
American Society of Dentistry for Children
211 E. Chicago Avenue, Suite #710
Phone: (312) 943-1244
Fax: (312) 943-5341
Email: asdckids@aol.com
Website: http://www.asdckids.org/
American Academy of Oral And Maxillofacial Radiology
PO Box 55722,
Jackson, MS 39296
Phone: 601-984-6060
Fax: 601-984-6086/6099
Website: http://www.aaomr.org/
American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
710 E. Ogden Avenue, Suite 600
Naperville, IL 60563-8614
Phone: 1.888.552.2667
Fax: 630.369.2488
Email: aaomp@b-online.com
Website: http://www.aaomp.org/

Overseas Career
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry
211 East Chicago Avenue, #700
Phone: (312) 337-2169
Fax: (312) 337-6329
Website: http://www.aapd.org/
American Academy of Periodontology
737 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 800
Phone: (312) 573-3256
Fax: 312/787-3983
Website: http://www.perio.org/
American Association of Endodontists
211 E. Chicago Ave., Suite 1100
Phone: 800/872-3636
Fax: 312/266-9867
Website: http://www.aae.org/
American College of Prosthodontists
211 E. Chicago Avenue, Suite 1000

Overseas Career
Chicago, IL 60611
Phone: 312.573.1260
Fax: 312.573.1257
Website: http://www.prosthodontics.org/
American Association of Orthodontists
401 North Lindbergh Boulevard
St. Louis, MO 63141-7816
Phone: 1.800.424-2841
Fax: 314.997.1745
Email: info@aaortho.org
Website: http://www.aaortho.org/
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
9700 West Bryn Mawr Avenue
Rosemont, IL 60018-5701
Phone: (847) 678-6200
Website: http://www.aaoms.org/
American Association of Public Health Dentistry
1224 Centre West, Suite 400B
Springfield, IL 62704
Phone: 217-391-0218

Overseas Career
Fax: 217- 793-0041
Email: natoff@aaphd.org
Website: http://www.aaphd.org/
American Board of Orthodontics
401 N. Lindbergh Blvd., Ste. 308
St. Louis, MO 63141
Phone: 314-432-6130
Fax: 314-432-8170
Email: amboard@earthlink.net
Website: http://www.americanboardortho.com/
IMG Associations
Here are some International Medical Graduate Associations. Most of them
help dental graduates also.
AAPI
Website: http://www3.estart.com/aapi/
ALMA
Website: http://www.almamater.org/ALMA/Default.html
APPNA

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Website: http://www.appna.org/
CAMS
Website: http://www.camsociety.org/
HMAA
Website: http://www.hmaa.org/
IMANA
Website: http://www.imana.org/
NHMA
Website: http://home.earthlink.net/~nhma/
NAAMA
Website: http://www.naama.com/
VAMA
Website: http://www.vama.org/

Overseas Career
United States Accommodation
Accommodation
United States is a very big country. The prices vary considerably from
state to state and city to city.
What is the least fare in Silicon Valley area would a premium price in
another part of country.
There are plenty of websites on each state and city. After you decide
about the state, go to these state or city websites and do a research.
For example, if you go to Yahoo and select US States, you will find
detailed information for each state and important city. From there you
can narrow down and get at your target.

Overseas Career
United States Useful Links
Useful Links
Almost all the major search engines, directories and health oriented sites
are US centric. Hence the number of useful links will go beyond the scope
of this book.
However, you will find the following sites interesting and useful.
Government Resources
National Health Service
Website: http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/nhsc/
Congressional Directory
Website: http://www.congress.org/
National Institutes of Health
Website: http://www.nih.gov/
Thomas
Website: http://thomas.loc.gov/
U.S. Department of Education
Website: http://www.ed.gov/

Overseas Career
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Website: http://www.os.dhhs.gov/
U.S. House of Representatives
Website: http://www.house.gov/
U.S. Senate
Website: http://www.senate.gov/
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research
Website: http://www.nidr.nih.gov/
Financial Aid
Access Group Dental Access Loan
Website: http://www.accessgroup.org/
Student Loans Programs
Website: http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/dsa/index.htm
Dental Links
National Museum on Dentistry

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.dentalmuseum.umaryland.edu/
Dentistry
Website: http://www.dentistry.com/
Dental Site
Website: http://www.dentalsite.com/
Dental X Change
Website: http://www.dentalxchange.com/
Dental Gate
Website: http://www.dentalgate.com/dent/
Dental Path
Website: http://www.dentalpath.com/
Dental Rep
Website: http://www.dentalrep.com/
Dental Wisdom
Website: http://www.dentalwisdom.com/
Dentist Info

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.dentistinfo.com/
Health Links
Health Finder
Website: http://www.healthfinder.gov/
Achoo
Website: http://www.achoo.com/
eMedGuides
Website: http://www.emedguides.com/
MedExplorer
Website: http://www.medexplorer.com/
MedlinePro
Website: http://www.medlinepro.com/
MedSurfer
Website: http://www.medsurfer.com/
WebMD
Website: http://www.WebMD.com

Overseas Career
United States About United States
About United States
We have given just a few points. You can find plenty of literature on US, its
states and cities online.
Geography
The United States of America, located on the North American continent,
is bordered by Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlantic
Ocean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
It is the fourth largest country in the world.
The climate varies from region to region. In the northern regions, temper-
atures drop during the winter months, in some places to below freezing.
People
The total population is 275 million.
English is the predominant language.
The population consists of almost all the ethnic groups in the world.

Overseas Career
United States About United States
Economy
The District of Columbia, often referred to as Washington, DC is the capi-
tal. Do not confuse this with Washington state, which is on the West Coast
of the USA.
The United States is a federal republic, based on the US Constitution,
comprising 50 states and the District of Columbia.
Weights and Measures are based on the UK imperial system, with a few
exceptions.
Electricity system is AC, 110/120 volts, 60 cycles, single phase.
The currency system is US Dollar.

Overseas Career
Canada

Overseas Career
Canada Overview
Overview
The Chapter “Registration” explains the process of getting license and
certificate to practise as a dentist in Canada.
The Chapter “Eligibility Examination” provides details on content and for-
mat of the eligibility examination. The chapter “Reference Texts” gives
you a list of recommended books by the Canadian Faculty of Dentistry.
The Chapter “Qualifying Programs” gives you the details of the program
given in institutions.
The Chapter “NDBE Examination” gives you complete information on the
content, format, passing grade and many other things about the exam
conducted by National Dental Board.
The Chapter “Registration Contacts” gives you the contact information of
NDBE and other Dental Regulatory Authorities.
The Chapter “DAT” gives you the details of Dental Aptitude Test.
The Chapter “Statistics” gives you the details provincewise as well as spe-
cialitywise. The Chapter “Immigration” provides official resources which
may be helpful.

Overseas Career
Canada Overview
The Chapter “Associations” gives a useful list of contact information of
Dental Associations, Medical Associations and other organizations.
The heading “Job Resources” provides helpful job contacts.
The Chapter “Accommodation” helps you in finding affordable and
decent accommodation. The Chapter “Useful Links” gives a list of useful
websites which can not be included in other chapters.
The Chapter “About Canada” gives you an idea about the geography,
people and economy of Canada.

Overseas Career
Canada Registration
Registration
Licensure
All dentists must be licensed to practise dentistry in Canada.
Dental licensure is a provincial responsibility. Each province or territory
has a licensing body that establishes regulations and requirements for
the licensure of general practitioners and specialists within the jurisdic-
tion.
There are fees for licensure and speciality registration in each province
which may change annually. You must contact the regulatory authority in
the relevant jurisdiction to obtain detailed information about licensure,
registration and fees.
Graduates of dental schools accredited by the Commission of Dental
Accreditation of Canada, may require NDEB certification to be eligible for
licensure in a Canadian province.
The certificate is mandatory in some provinces. It is also a mandatory
component of licensure in most provinces for out-of-province graduates,
subject to provincial regulations.

Overseas Career
Canada Registration
Regardless of education, licensure or experience, foreign trained and/or
licensed dentists must obtain a Canadian license to practice dentistry in
Canada.
Certification
To obtain this license from state or local jurisdiction, you must get a certif-
icate by passing an examination known as NDEB examination, if you are
from an accredited dental college. Only colleges from Canada and USA
are accredited.
But, most overseas dentists will be from non-accredited dental colleges.
They have to take up a short term qualifying program to become eligible
for Board certification.
These qualifying programs require you to pass eligibility examination.
After passing the eligibility examination, you need to complete qualifying
program.
Then you become par with accredited dental college graduates. Now, you
can apply for license by passing board examination and fulfilling other
requirements.

Overseas Career Eligibility Examination
Canada
Eligibility Examination
Eligibility Examination
The Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry (ACFD/AFDC) facili-
tates graduates of non-accredited dental programs in becoming licensed
practitioners in Canada by providing the Eligibility Examination (EE).
The EE is an admissions requirement used by dental education institu-
tions that provide a Qualifying Program or a Degree Completion Pro-
gram.
At present, the Qualifying Program is offered at
the University of Toronto,
Dalhousie University and
the University of Western Ontario.
The University of British Columbia offers a Degree Completion Program.
One of the requirements for applying to these programs will be the com-
pletion of the Eligibility Examination administered by the Association of
Canadian Faculties of dentistry (ACFD/AFDC).
Examination is conducted in Canada.

Canada
Format and Content
The examination consists of two (2) papers.
The sessions are held in the morning and afternoon of one day.
Paper 1
This paper consists of 150 multiple-choice type questions.
The duration of the examination is 3 hours.
The exam is usually held in the morning.
You are examined on Basic sciences knowledge as it relates to:
tooth morphology, growth and development of the face, teeth
and jaws
physiology of occlusion
microbiology and immunology of oral diseases
pain and anxiety control
mechanism of absorption and elimination of drugs
drug interaction and hypersensitivity
biological effects of radiation
biomaterials
human anatomy, physiology, histology, biochemistry and neuro-
science

Canada
epidemiology
cariology
Paper 2
This paper consists of 150 multiple-choice type questions.
The duration of the examination is 3 hours.
The exam is usually held in the afternoon.
You are examined on applied pre-clinical sciences knowledge as it relates
to:
general medicine and pathology
oral medicine and oral pathology
radiology
periodontics
preventive dentistry
operative dentistry
endodontics
prosthodontics
orthodontics
pediatric dentistry
geriatric dentistry
oral & maxillofacial surgery

Canada
therapeutics
behavioral sciences
Fee Schedule
At present Examination Fee is $500 and Re-scoring Fee is $100.00.
Withdrawal Fee of $100.00 is applied to all withdrawals that occur after
the Application Deadline Date.
Applicants who fail to appear for the examination will be charged the full
examination fee of $500.00. If a medical certificate is provided then appli-
cants will be charged the withdrawal fee of $100.00.
All payments must be in Canadian funds to the order of the ACFD. Funds
from outside of Canada must be sent in the form of a Bank draft, not a
cheque. The ACFD does not accept credit card payments.

Overseas Career
Canada Reference Texts
Reference Texts
This list contains reference material recommended in Canadian Faculties
of Dentistry. The National Dental Examination of Canada and Qualifying
Examination questions are usually formed on the basis of these Reference
texts.
Science of Dental Materials
Anusavice, K.J., Phillips’
10th edition, 1996, W.B. Saunders Co.
Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology & Occlusion
Ash, M.M.,
7th edition, 1993 .B. Saunders Co.
The Central Nervous System: Structure & Function
Brodal, P.,
1st edition, 1992, Oxford University Press.
Pathways of the Pulp
Cohen, S. & Burns, R.C.,
7th edition, 1998, Mosby Year Book.

Overseas Career
Clinical Periodontology
Carranza, F.A., & Newman, M.G.,
8th edition, 1996, W.B. Saunders Company.
Practical Infection Control in dentistry
2nd edition, 1996, Williams & Wilkins.
Restorative Dental Materials
Craig, R.G.
Mosby Year Book.
Médecine buccale: méthodologie du diagnostic
Forest, D., Duquette, P. et Michaud, M., et Girard, P,
2e édition, 1994, Gaëtan Morin.
Oral Radiology- Principles & Interpretation
Goaz, P.W. and White, S.C.,
3rd edition,1994, Mosby Year Book.
Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques
Graber, T.M. and Vanarsdall, R.L.,
2nd edition, 1994, Mosby Year Book.

Overseas Career
Illustrated Guide to Dental Care for the Medically Compro-
mised Patient (The)
Grundy, M.C., Shaw, L. and Hamilton, D.V.
1st edition, 1993, Mosby Year Book.
Geriatric Dentistry: A Textbook of Oral Gerontology
Ham, Pederson, and Loe, H.,
Local Anesthesia of the Oral Cavity
Jastak, J.T., Yagiela, J.A., & Donaldson, D.,
1st edition, 1995, W.B. Saunders Company.
Esthetic Composite Bonding
Jordan, R.E.,
Basic Pathology
Kumar, Cotran, Robbins,
5th edition, 1992, W.B. Saunders Company
Exercises in Oral Radiographic Interpretation
Langlais, R.P., & Kasle, M.J.,

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3rd edition, 1992, W.B. Saunders Company.
Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient
Little, J.W., Fallace, D.A.,
Handbook of Local Anaesthesia
Malamed, S.F.,
Medical Emergencies in the Dental Office
Malamed, S.F.,
Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent
McDonald, R.E. and Avery, D.R.,
McCracken’s Removable Partial Prosthodontics
McGivney, G., and Castleberry, D.,
Science and Practice of Occlusion
McNeill, C.,

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1st edition, 1997, Quintessence Publishing Company.
Pharmacology & Therapeutics for Dentistry
Neidle, E.A., & Yagiela, J.A.,
3rd edition, 1989, Mosby Year Book.
Color Atlas of Clinical Oral Pathology
Neville, B.W., Damm, D., and White, D.,
1st edition, 1991, Lea and Febiger.
Neville, B.W., Damm, D.D., Allen, C.M., and Bouquot, J.E.
1st edition, 1995, W.B. Saunders Co.
Cariology
Newbrun, E.,
3rd edition, 1989, Quintessence Publishing Company.
Dental Materials: Properties and Manipulation
O’Brien & Coll.,
Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlu-
sion

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Okeson, J.P.,
3rd edition, 1993, Mosby Year Book, 4th Ed. 1998.
Textbook of Oral Surgery
Pederson, G.W.,
1st edition, 1988, Saunders.
Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Peterson, L.J. and Ellis, E.,
Pediatric Dentistry, Infancy through Adolescence
Pinkham, J.R.,
2nd edition, 1994, W.B. Saunders Company.
Contemporary Orthodontics
Proffitt, W.R.,
Occlusion
Ramfjord, S.P. and Ash, M.M.,
Oral Pathology

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Regezi, J.A., and Sciubba, J.J.,
3rd edition, 1999, W.B. Saunders Company.
Human Physiology
Rhoades, R., & Pflanzer, R.,
3rd edition, 1996, Saunders College Publishing.
Internal Medicine for Dentistry
Rose, L.F. and Kaye, D.,
2nd edition, 1990, Mosby Year Book
Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
Sapp, J Philip; Eversole, Lewis R and Wysocki, George P.,
Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary
Approach
Schwartz, R.S., Summitt, J.B. and Robbins, J.W.,
1st edition, 1996, Quintessence Publishing Company.
A Textbook of Oral Pathology
Shafer, W.G., Hine, M.K. and Levy, B.M.,

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Fundamentals of Tooth Preparations
Shillingburg, H., Jacobi, R., and Brackett, E.,
2nd edition, 1991, Quintessence Publishing Co.
Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics
Shillingburg, H.T. et al.,
3rd edition, 1997, Quintessence Publishing Co.
The Biologic and Clinical Basis for Infectious Diseases
Shulman, Phair, Peterson & Warren,
Principles and Practice of Oral Medicine
Sonis, S.T., Fazio, R.C., & Fang, L.,
2nd edition, 1995, W.B. Saunders Company.
Histology
Stevens, A. and Lowe, J.,
1993, Mosby Year Book.
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics
Stewart, K., Rudd, K., Kuebker,W.,
2nd edition, 1992, Ishiyaku EuroAmerica.

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The Art & Science of Operative Dentistry
Sturdevant, C.M., edited by Heymann,
Oral Histology
TenCate, A.R.,
Urgent Care in the Dental Office: an Essential Handbook
Terézhalmy, G.T. and Batizy, L.G.,
st edition, 1998, Quintessence Publishing Company.
Biochemical Basis of Medicine
Thomas, J.H. and Gillham, B., Wills
2nd edition, 1993, Butterworth-Heinemann.
Facial Growth and Facial Orthopedics
Van der Linden, F.P.G.M.,
2nd edition, 1989, Quintessence Publishing Company.
Endodontic Therapy
Weine, F.S.,
5th edtion, 1996, Mosby Year Book.

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Review of Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, Radiology and Treatment
Planning
Wood, N.K.,
Fundamentals of Periodontics
Wilson Jr., T.G., Kornman, K.S.,
996, Quintessence Publishing Company.
Differential Diagnosis of Oral Lesions
Wood, N.K. and Goaz, P.W.,
2nd edition, 1988, Mosby, Inc.
Osseointegration in Dentistry: An Introduction
Worthington, P., Lang, B.R. & LaVelle, W.E.,
first edition, 1994, Quintessence Publishing Company.
Boucher’s Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients
Zarb, G.A., Bolender, C.L., Hickey, J.D. and Carlsson, G.E.,
MISCELLANEOUS
History of Dentistry in Canada

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Gullett, D.W.,
University of Toronto Press, 1971.
A Prospectus on Dental Education
Macdonald, J.B.
University of British Columbia Press, 1956.

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Canada Qualifying Programs
Qualifying Programs
Graduates of dental programs from outside of North America who wish
to obtain further information about qualifying programs at Canadian Uni-
versities and the eligibility exam for the qualifying programs should con-
tact the Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry directly:
Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry
100 Bronson Ave., Suite 204
Ottawa, ON K1R 6G8
Phone: (613) 237-6505
Fax: (613) 236-8386
Email: director@acfd.ca
Website: http://www.acfd.ca/
The result of your ACFD/AFDC Eligibility Examination (EE) is one of the
requirements for application to a Qualifying Program or a Degree Com-
pletion Program. Each university will inform you of its admission policy
and the type of certificate or degree it offers to students. Please check
with each institution regarding its citizenship or residency requirements.
BRITISH COLUMBIA

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Admissions and Student Affairs
278 - 2199 Westbrook Mall
The University of British Columbia
Phone: 604-822-3416
Fax: 604-822-8279
Email: fodadms@unixg.ubc.ca
NOVA SCOTIA
Halifax, NS B3H 3J5
Phone: 902-494-2824
Fax: 902-494-2527
Email: n.webb@dal.ca
ONTARIO
The University of Western Ontario
School of Dentistry
Dental Sciences Building
London, ON N6A 5C1

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Phone: 519-661-3582
Fax: 519661-3879
Email: terri.vowles@fmd.uwo.ca
ONTARIO
The University of Toronto
124 Edward Street
Toronto, ON M5G 1G6
Phone: 416-979-4901-1-4374
Fax: 416-979-4937
Email: admissions.dental@utoronto.ca
ALBERTA
Faculty of Medicine and Oral Health Sciences
2 – 45 Medical Sciences Building
Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8
Phone: 780-492-1319
Fax: 780-492-1624
Email: eleanor.mcisaac@ualberta.ca

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Canada NDEB Examination
NDEB Examination
Quick Facts
Graduates of Accredited Dental Programs and Accredited Qualifying Pro-
grams are required to successfully complete Written Examination and
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for certification as a
general dentist in Canada. These exams are conducted by the National
Dental Examining Board of Canada.
The NDEB was incorporated by an Act of Parliament in 1952 for the pur-
pose of establishing qualifying conditions for a national standard certifi-
cate for dentists.
All ten Canadian Provincial Licensing Authorities recognize and partici-
pate in the activities of the NDEB.
The NDEB is composed of twelve members. Each Provincial Licensing
Authority appoints one member and two members are appointed by the
Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada.
The Committee on Student Affairs of the Canadian Dental Association
appoints two observers to the NDEB annual meeting.

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Generally the NDEB certificate is recognized as the principal requirement
for a licence to practise dentistry in Canada, subject to current provincial
regulations.
Graduate of an accredited undergraduate dental program in Canada or
the United States or an accredited Qualifying Program (accredited dental
program) must successfully complete the NDEB Written Examination and
the NDEB Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) within 7 years
of graduation in order to receive the certificate.
The Written Examination consists of two 3-hour examination papers.
Each examination paper contains 150 multiple-choice type items.
The examination is set according to a national standard and does not
cover the areas of jurisprudence and practice management. The exami-
nation tests foundation science knowledge and applied clinical science
knowledge and judgment.
The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) consists of Clinical
judgment and problem solving skills are tested using a series of 25 sta-
tions. Case histories, models, pictures, radiographs and other samples are
available at each station. Candidates rotate to a new station every 5 min-
utes. There are 4 multiple-choice type questions at each station.

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Candidates may take the Written and OSCE Examinations within three (3)
months of their expected graduation date.
If a candidate fails one or more of the examinations candidate may retake
the Written and/or OSCE Examinations at any scheduled examination ses-
sion within 7 years. Candidates who do not successfully complete these
examinations within 7 years of graduation must successfully complete an
accredited Qualifying Program prior to being eligible to take the exami-
nations.
The certificate is presently valid for the lifetime of the holder.
The NDEB certificate is not necessary to take postgraduate training in the
United States of America.
Certificates are issued to candidates who successfully complete the Writ-
ten and OSCE Examinations and who provide confirmation of graduation
from an accredited dental program. Canadian dental programs generally
provide confirmation of graduation for their students directly to the
NDEB in June. Graduates of U.S. Dental Programs must ensure that con-
firmation of graduation is sent to the NDEB.
Certification Eligibility
The following candidates are eligible for certification:

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A person who is a graduate of an undergraduate dental program
in Canada or the United States which has been approved through
accreditation established by the Board with reference to accredi-
tation by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada or
the ADA Commission on Dental Accreditation (“Accredited Pro-
gram”); or
A person who has successfully completed a Qualifying Program
for graduates of non-accredited university-based undergraduate
dental programs which has been approved through accreditation
established by the Board with reference to accreditation by the
Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada (“Qualifying Pro-
gram”).
A person who is within three months of his or her expected gradu-
ation from an Accredited Program or Qualifying Program will be
eligible to take the Written and OSCE Examinations. Such persons
will be required to provide the Board with written documentation
from the Dean of the Accredited Program or Qualifying Program
in which they are enrolled confirming their status of being within
three months of expected graduation from the program on the
date established for the examinations.

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A candidate shall be ineligible to take an examination if the candidate’s
licence to practise dentistry is suspended or cancelled, or if the candidate
is on probation within their licensing jurisdiction.
Board’s Certificate
A candidate shall be granted the certificate issued by the Board upon ful-
fillment of the following conditions:
Proper application to the Board which includes, if applicable, pro-
viding evidence to the satisfaction of the Board that the candidate
is considered in good standing with all Licensing/Regulatory
Authorities in which the candidate has been/is currently regis-
tered/licensed and that the candidate has been practising regu-
larly; and
Successful completion of the Written Examination and the OSCE
Examination within seven years of graduation from an Accredited
Program or within seven years of successful completion of a Qual-
ifying Program.
Persons who successfully complete the Written and OSCE Examinations
and who are not recommended for graduation from an Accredited Pro-
gram or who do not complete a Qualifying Program in the same year, will
have their Written and OSCE Examination results held valid for two years.

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Such candidates will be issued a certificate by the Board if they are rec-
ommended for graduation or if they successfully complete a Qualifying
Program within this two year period.
A candidate who has met the standards of the Board and qualifies for cer-
tification shall be entitled to receive a certificate of qualification in the
form prescribed by the Board and shall have their name entered in the
Register for Canada of dental practitioners who have been granted certif-
icates of qualification.
The Board shall determine the format of a single type of certificate of
qualification to be issued to successful candidates.
A certificate holder taking any Board examination shall receive a letter
stating the examination results but shall not be issued a new certificate.
Written Examination
The Written Examination shall consist of two examination papers taken in
a one day session or as determined by the Board from time to time.
A candidate must obtain a minimum grade of 65 percent to be successful
in the Written Examination.
The Written Examination may be repeated any number of times.

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Content and Format
The Written Examination consists of two papers, each with 150 multiple
choice type questions. Each paper is given in a 3-hour examination ses-
sion. The sessions are held in the morning and afternoon of one day.
The following subject areas will be tested in the examination:
A. Basic science knowledge as it relates to
tooth morphology, growth and development of the craniofacial
complex
oral physiology
microbiology and immunology of oral diseases
pain
pharmacology
biological effects of radiation
human anatomy
human physiology
human histology
human biochemistry
nutrition
neurological sciences
B. Applied clinical science knowledge and judgment including diagnosis,
treatment planning, prognosis,

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C. Treatment methods and clinical decision making in the areas of
general medicine and general pathology
oral medicine and oral pathology
radiology
periodontics
preventive dentistry
operative dentistry
endodontics
prosthodontics
dental materials
orthodontics
pediatric dentistry
geriatric dentistry
oral and maxillofacial surgery
therapeutics
dental biomaterials
behavioural sciences
dental public health and epidemiology
ethics
pain and anxiety control

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Passing Grade
A candidate must obtain a minimum grade of 65% to be successful in the
Written Examination.
Schedule
Registration: 8:00am
Book I: 8:30am to 11:30am
Book II:12:30pm to 3:30pm
Sample Questions
Question 1
Which of the following participate in clot formation?
A. Platelets.
B. Monocytes.
C. Lymphocytes.
D. Leukocytes.

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Question 2
A periapical infection of a mandibular second molar may spread by direct
extension to the
1. sublingual space.
2. submandibular space.
3. buccal space.
4. submental space.
Select the correct choice.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.
Results
The results of the Written Examination will be sent by regular mail within
six weeks. Candidates must notify the NDEB office of any change of
address. Results may not be obtained from educational institutions or
provincial licensing authorities. Results will not be released by telephone
or by fax.

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OSCE
OSCE is the short form of Objective Structured Clinical Examination.
The OSCE Examination shall consist of one examination session or as
determined by the Board from time to time.
A candidate must obtain a minimum grade of 65 percent to be successful
in the OSCE Examination.
The OSCE Examination may be repeated any number of times.
Content and Format

The OSCE is a “station” type examination. There will normally be 25 sta-
tions, each with 4 questions.
Candidates will have 5 minutes at each station to answer the 4 questions.
After 5 minutes candidates will move to the next station.
The examination will normally have 100 questions in total.
Each question will require the candidate to review the information sup-
plied (e.g. case history, radiographs, casts, models) and answer multiple
choice type questions. All answers must be recorded on the answer score
sheet provided.

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The list of competencies from which examination items will be selected is
included in the chapter Reference Texts.
Passing Grade
All candidates must obtain a minimum grade of 65% to be successful in
the OSCE Examination.
Schedule
Registration begins at 9:00 am
Examination begins at 9:30 am
Sample Questions
SAMPLE STATION A
Using the provided print of a radiograph, history and clinical examination
data, answer the following questions on the answer score sheet.
Case History
A 25-year old patient with a duodenal (peptic) ulcer presents complain-
ing of constant throbbing pain in the right posterior region of his mouth

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that occasionally radiates to his ear. On examination, tooth 4.6 has a large
carious lesion and is sensitive to percussion. There is tenderness on pal-
pation in the apical region of 4.6. Electric pulp testing of tooth 4.6 fails to
produce a response and there is no reaction to heat and cold. Tooth 4.5 is
not sensitive to percussion; there is pain of short duration with a cold
stimulus, no pain with hot stimulus. (A print of the periapical radiograph
of this tooth labelled Radiograph 16 will be provided in the examination
hall.)
Question 1
The radiographic examination reveals
1. generalized bone loss.
2. radiolucent apical lesion M4.6.
3. bifurcation involvement.
4. caries M4.6, D4.5.
Select the correct option.
A. (1) (2) (3)
B. (1) and (3)
C. (2) and (4)
D. (4) only
E. All of the above.

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Question 2
The most probable diagnosis for tooth 4.6 is
A. reversible pulpitis.
B. acute periapical (alveolar) abscess.
C. occlusal trauma.
D. periodontal abscess.
E. root fracture.
Question 3
The most probable diagnosis for tooth 4.5 is
A. irreversible pulpitis.
B. reversible pulpitis.
C. chronic periodontitis.
D. gingival recession.
E. abrasion.
Question 4
Which of the following analgesics is the most appropriate for this patient?
A. Acetylsalicylic acid and codeine.
B. Ketorolac.
C. Indomethacin.

Overseas Career
D. Acetaminophen and codeine.
E. Naproxen.
Results
The results of the OSCE Examination will be sent by regular mail within six
weeks. Candidates must notify the NDEB office of any change of address.
Results may not be obtained from educational institutions or provincial
licensing authorities. Results will not be released by telephone or by fax.
Administration
Exam Hall Regulations

Your answer score sheet will be processed by a computer.
You need to enter your NAME and your assigned IDENTIFICATION
NUMBER in the indicated areas on the answer score sheet as directed by
the Test Administrator. All other areas remain blank.
Each question in the examination is followed by a choice of answers.
Select one answer only. Record your answer on the score sheet using a
standard (wood) lead pencil (No. 2). Please note that mechanical pencils
are not allowed in the examination area.

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Make sure that the circle of your choice is filled in completely. Ensure that
you record your answer in the correct place opposite the correct question
number.
If you change your answer, make sure that the original mark is thoroughly
erased. Mechanical erasers are not allowed.
Always choose the most appropriate answer for each question.
You will not be penalized for wrong answers.
You will be issued an identified sheet of paper on which to make rough
notes. You must take this sheet of paper with you to all stations. Your
answer score sheet and the identified sheet for rough notes must be
returned.
If these are not returned a failing grade will be given. No test items are to
be copied or notes taken.
Use of any notes or recording of notes is PROHIBITED and will be consid-
ered as compromising the integrity of the examination.
Any candidate writing on or marking examination material other than the
score sheet and/or the identified sheet of paper will be dismissed from
the examination and will be given a failing grade.

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All answers must be transferred to the score sheet prior to the end of the
examination. Additional time will not be allowed.
The FDI two-digit tooth numbering system is used in all examinations.
Family or friends must not accompany a candidate as space at the exami-
nation centre is provided ONLY for candidates and staff.
Candidates must be punctual for the examination.
Candidates may only use standard (wood) No. 2 lead pencils and block
erasers during the examination. No other writing (e.g. mechanical pen-
cils, pens, felt-type markers) or erasing devices are allowed in the exami-
nation area.
The ability of a candidate to read, interpret and comply with instructions
and other written material is part of the examination. Test Administrators
and invigilators will not answer questions involving examination content.
All candidates must move to the next station immediately after hearing
the signal and hand in score sheets at the indicated time. The completion
of answers on the computer answer score sheet MUST be completed
within the examination session time. Additional time WILL NOT be
allowed.

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Candidates are prohibited from copying or otherwise obtaining answers
from other candidates; from providing answers to other candidates and
from talking or otherwise disrupting the conduct of the examination.
Candidates are responsible for ensuring that their answers are not visible
to any other candidate.
Candidates must be aware that the NDEB uses a software program to
identify suspicious answer similarities between pairs of candidates.
Candidates are reminded that all examination material is copyrighted.
Any attempt to reproduce or assemble NDEB examination material is
strictly prohibited and will be prosecuted.
Once the examination is in progress, any candidate who leaves the exam-
ination room will not be allowed to re-enter.
Food and/or drink are not allowed in the examination area.
Candidates are prohibited from removing test material including rough
notes sheets from the examination room and from copying or making
notes of any test item. Candidates must leave all examination material at
their final station or as directed by the Test Administrator.
Candidates may use magnification aids such as magnifying glasses or
loops. Candidates may not use dictionaries, calculators or other informa-
tive material.

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Candidates who do not abide with the above Examination Regulations
will receive a failing grade.
Candidates must have their identification card visible at all times and
must return the card to the Test Administrator at the end of the examina-
tion.
Conduct
If a candidate has compromised in any manner whatsoever the integrity
of the examination procedures of a Board examination, the official
charged with overseeing the examination shall make a full report to the
Examinations Committee, after which the Committee may void the
results of the examination in question and may deny the candidate the
privilege of repeating the examination.
A candidate who has compromised in any manner whatsoever the integ-
rity of the examination procedures of a Board examination may be dis-
missed immediately from the examination.
A candidate shall be deemed to have compromised the integrity of the
examination procedures if at any time an attempt is made to contact
examiners outside the confines of the examination, for any reason what-

Overseas Career
soever. Any communication by a candidate with the Board must be made
or directed to the Registrar.
The Board shall from time to time determine the manner of communicat-
ing the results of examinations to the candidates. Results may be with-
held from candidates who have failed in any obligation made to the
Board as a condition of taking an examination.
Appeals
Within three months of the release of results of the Written Examination
or the OSCE, candidates who have failed one or both of these examina-
tion(s) may apply to the Board to have answer score sheets manually
checked against the answer key.
Any such application for review must be accompanied by a filing fee as
set by the Board from time to time. Upon verification by the Chief Exam-
iner and/or the Executive Director/Registrar, the mark for the candidate
will be that produced by the manual check. This mark will determine
whether a candidate passed or failed.
A candidate who has
examination results voided by the Examinations Committee, or

Overseas Career
examination results voided and who has been denied the privi-
lege of repeating an examination by the Examinations Committee
may, within one month of the date of receipt of the notice of the afore-
said decision, petition the Appeals Committee to review and reverse the
decision. Any such petition must be accompanied by the filing fee as set
by the Board from time to time.
In presenting such a petition, the candidate may make written and/or
oral submissions to the Appeals Committee. The candidate’s written and/
or oral submission shall be limited to the issue of the compromising of
the integrity of the examination procedures in question and must not
include any other ground of review.
The Appeals Committee’s decision will be final and will be reported to the
Board for information purposes only.
A candidate who is disadvantaged either immediately before or during
an examination by a personal circumstance beyond the candidate’s con-
trol may, within three weeks of the event beyond the candidate’s control
occurring, request that the Board make a special consideration.
The candidate must describe the event or events which caused the disad-
vantage in sufficient detail to permit the Board to make a determination
and must identify the special consideration request. The Board may

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require the candidate to provide documentation to substantiate the basis
for the candidate’s application.
The Board or the Executive Committee acting for the Board, may grant
the application only if satisfied that a personal circumstance beyond the
candidate’s control has disadvantaged the candidate in taking an exami-
nation. The determination of the Board shall be final.

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Canada Registration Contacts
Registration Contacts
NDEB Contact
National Dental Examining Board of Canada
Suite 203 - 100 Bronson Avenue
Ottawa ON Canada K1R 6G8
Phone : (613) 236-5912
Fax : (613) 236-8386
Email: director@ndeb.ca
Website: http://ndeb.ca/index.htm
Eligibility Exam Contact

The Association of Canadian Faculties of Dentistry
100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 204
Ottawa, ON K1R 6G8
Canada
Phone : (613) 237-6505
Fax : (613) 236-8386
Email : director@acfd.ca

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Dental Regulatory Authorities
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Dental Council of Prince Edward Island
184 Belvedere Avenue
Charlottetown, PE C1A 2Z1
Phone: 902-628-8088
NOVA SCOTIA
Provincial Dental Board of Nova Scotia
1559 Brunswick Street, Suite 102
Halifax, NS B3J 2G1
Phone: 902-420-0083
Fax: 902-492-0301
Email: pdbns@hfx.eastlink.ca
NEWFOUNDLAND
Newfoundland Dental Board
6th Floor, The Fortis Building
139 Water Street
St. John's, NF A1C 1B2
Phone: 709-579-2391
Fax: 709-579-2392

Overseas Career
ONTARIO
Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario
6 Crescent Road, 5th Floor
Toronto, ON M4W 1T1
Phone: 416-961-6555
Fax: 416-961-5814
Email: info@rcdso.org
Website: http://www.rcdso.org/
QUEBEC
L'Ordre des dentistes du Québec
625 boul René-Lévesque O., 15ieme étage
Montréal, PQ H3B 1R2
Phone: 514-875-8511 or
Toll Free: 1-800-361-4887
Fax: 514-393-9248
Website: http://www.odq.qc.ca/
MANITOBA
Manitoba Dental Association
698 Corydon Avenue, Suite 103
Winnipeg, MB R3M 0X9

Overseas Career
Phone: 204-453-0055
Fax: 204-988-5310
Email: mlasko@mb.sympatico.ca
ALBERTA
The Alberta Dental Association & College
8230 - 105 Street, Suite 101
Edmonton, AB T6E 5H9
Phone: 780-432-1012
Fax: 780-433-4864
Email: cindyada@telusplanet.net
Website: http://www.abda.ab.ca/
SASKATCHEWAN
College of Dental Surgeons of Sask.
728 Spadina Crescent East, Suite 202
Saskatoon, SK S7K 4H7
Phone: 306-244-5072
Fax: 306-244-2476
Email: cdss@sk.sympatico.ca
Website: http://www.cdssk.ca/
BRITISH COLUMBIA

Overseas Career
College of Dental Surgeons of BritishColumbia
1765 West 8th Avenue
Vancouver, BC V6J 5C6
Phone: 604-736-3621
Fax: 604-734-9448
Email: postmaster@cdsbc.org
Website: http://www.cdsbc.org/
NEW BRUNSWICK
New Brunswick Dental Society
520 King St.,Carleton Place, Suite 820
P.O. Box 488, Station A
Fredericton, NB E3B 4Z9
Phone: 506-452-8575
Fax: 506-452-1872
Email: nbds@nb.aibn.com
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
Professional Licensing
Government of the Northwest Territories
Health & Social Services
8th Floor Centre Square Tower

Overseas Career
Box 1320
Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9
Phone: 867-920-8058
Fax: 867-873-0281
YUKON
Consumer and Commercial Services
Department of Justice
P.O. Box 2703, J-6
Whitehorse, YUKON Y1A 2C6
Phone: 867-667-5111
Fax: 867-667-3609

Overseas Career
Canada Dental Aptitude Test
Dental Aptitude Test
About DAT
The Dental Aptitude Test (DAT) is an admission requirement of each of
the ten Canadian Dental Schools.
It is administered by the Canadian Dental Association, the DAT is held
twice a year — in November and February.
Ideally, you should take the DAT at least a year before you anticipate
entering dental school, and certainly by the fall before your anticipated
admission date.
Your score on the test is an important factor in being admitted to most
dental schools.
Only the Canadian DAT is accepted at Canadian dental schools. For infor-
mation regarding a specific Dental School's complete admission process /
requirements please contact the Admissions Office at that University.
The Dental Aptitude Test (DAT) measures a person's potential for aca-
demic success in dental school.

Overseas Career
Canada Dental Aptitude Test
It is usually administered to students who have completed at least two
years of university or college-level courses in biology and chemistry
(health sciences).
The DAT tests reading ability, knowledge of chemistry and biology, man-
ual skills, and ability to understand and interpret three-dimensional draw-
ings.
Contact Information
DAT Program
Canadian Dental Association
1815 Alta Vista Drive
Ottawa, ON K1G 3Y6
Canada
Phone: (613) 523-1770
Fax (613) 523-7489
Email: dat@cda-adc.ca

Overseas Career
Canada Statistics
Statistics
These Year 2001 statistics are useful to assess the size and nature of the
dentist population in Canada.
By Province
Here are the statistics of Licensed Dentists in Canada by Province
Newfoundland 155
Prince Edward Island 62
Nova Scotia 454
New Brunswick 259
Québec 4043
Ontario 7173
Manitoba 563
Saskatchewan 349
Alberta 1677
British Columbia 2587
Northwest Territories 46
Yukon Territories 23

Overseas Career
Canada Statistics
By Speciality
Here are the statistics of Licensed Dentists in Canada by Specialty
General Practitioner 15488
Endodontics 171
Oral Medicine & Pathology 38
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 331
Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics 629
Paediodontics 188
Periodontology 289
Prosthodontics 173
Public Health Dentistry 67
Oral Radiology 15
Total
Total Licensed Dentists in Canada - 17,389

Overseas Career
Canada Immigration
Immigration
Most of the IDG's are either permanent residents or citizens of Canada or
USA or may be eligible for permanent residency. But there are provisions
for International Dental Graduate to enter Canada to under go post grad-
uate training but it should be noted these opportunities are limited.
There are three classes through which an individual can apply for immi-
gration to live permanently.
The family class -- you must have a close relative living in Canada
who has legally promised to give you financial help.
The refugee and humanitarian class -- applicants in this class are
admitted under special rules.
The independent and other class -- you can apply on your own,
with or without the financial help of relatives in Canada.
Everyone who applies is assessed and chosen by the same standards.
These standards show how well a person can adjust to Canadian life and
settle successfully.
Except for refugees and members of the Family Class, everyone is
assessed on a point system. Points are given for various things:
education

Overseas Career
Canada Immigration
job training
work experience
occupation
arranged employment
age
demographic factor
ability to communicate in either English or French
personal suitability
having a relative living in Canada
In most provinces you must be a landed immigrant/Canadian citizen to
obtain postgraduate training in a Ministry of Health funded position. Non
funded posts may or may not have this criteria. The Individual provinces
may have their own restrictions and requirements for the residency pro-
grams.
Official Resources
Citizenship and Immigration Canada
Website: http://cicnet.ci.gc.ca/
ACIC
Website: http://www.russcanada.com/

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
Associations
Dental Schools
Faculté de médecine dentaire
Université de Montréal
C.P. 6128, Succursale "A"
Montréal, PQ H3C 3J7
Phone: 514-343-6005
Fax: 514-343-2233
Email: lamarche@medent.umontreal.ca
Website: http://www.medent.umontreal.ca/
School of Dentistry
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
Room 1003, Dental Sciences Building
The University of Western Ontario
London, ON N6A 5C1
Phone: 519-661-3330
Fax: 519-661-3875
Email: dental@uwo.ca

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
Faculté de médecine dentaire
Université Laval
Cité Universitaire
Ste. Foy, PQ G1K 7P4
Phone: 418-656-7532
Fax: 418-656-2720
Email: diane.lachapelle@fmd.ulaval.ca
Website: http://www.ulaval.ca/fmd/
McGill University
740 Docteur Penfield
Montreal, PQ H3A 1A4
Phone: 514-398-7203
Fax: 514-398-8900
Website: http://www.mcgill.ca/dentistry/
Halifax, NS B3H 3J5
Phone: 902-494-2274

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
Fax: 902-494-2527
Email: denadmis@is.dal.ca
Website: http://www.dentistry.dal.ca/
Room B526, Health Sciences Building
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5
Phone: 306-966-5121
Fax: 306-966-5126
Email: dentistry.admissions@usask.ca
Website: http://www.usask.ca/dentistry/
Faculty of Medicine and Oral Health Sciences
The University of Alberta
Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8
Phone: 780-492-3312
Fax: 780-492-1624
Email: info@dent.ualberta.ca
Website: http://www.dent.ualberta.ca/

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
124 Edward Street
Toronto, ON M5G 1G6
Phone: 416-979-4900
Fax: 416-979-4936
Email: admissions.dental@utoronto.ca
Website: http://www.utoronto.ca/dentistry/
University of Manitoba
780 Bannatyne Avenue
Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2
Phone: 204-789-3631
Fax: 204-789-3912
Email: dean_dent@umanitoba.ca
Website: http://www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/dentistry/
345 - 2194 Health Sciences Mall
Phone: 604-822-5773
Fax: 604-822-4532

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
Email: edyen@interchange.ubc.ca
Website: http://www.dentistry.ubc.ca/
Other Organisations
Association of Faculties of Dentistry
100 Bronson Avenue
Suite 204
Ottawa, ON K1R 6G8
Phone: 613-237-6505
Fax: 613-236-8386
Email: director@acfd.ca
Canadian Dental Association
Ottawa, ON K1G 3Y6
Phone: 613-523-1770
Fax: 613-523-7736
Email: reception@cda-adc.ca
Website: http://www.cda-adc.ca/
Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
Ottawa, ON K1G 3Y6
Phone: 613-523-1770
Fax: 613-523-7789
Dentistry Canada Fund
427 Gilmour Street
Ottawa, ON K2P 0R5
Phone: 613-236-4763
Fax: 613-236-3935
Email: information@dcf-fdc.ca
Website: http://www.dcf-fdc.ca/
Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario
6 Crescent Road, 5th Floor
Toronto
ON M4W 1T1
Phone: 416-961-6555
Fax: 416-961-5814
Website: http://www.rcdso.org/
Royal College of Dentists of Canada
5075 Yonge Street, Suite 405

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
Toronto
ON M2N 6C6
Phone: (416) 512-6571
Fax: (416) 512-6468
Email office@rcdc.ca
Website: http://www.rcdc.ca/
Medical Associations
Association of Canadian Medical Colleges
Website: http://www.acmc.ca/
Canadian Medical Association
Website: http://www.cma.ca/
Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials
Website: http://www.cicic.ca/
Canadian Resident Matching Service
Website: http://www.carms.ca/main.htm
College of Family Physicians of Canada
Website: http://www.cfpc.ca/

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta
Website: http://www.cpsa.ab.ca/
College of Physicians & Surgeons of Manitoba
Website: http://www.umanitoba.ca/colleges/cps/_College/
index.html
College of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick
Website: http://www.cpsnb.org/
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Nova Scotia
Website: http://www.cpsns.ns.ca/
College of Physicians & Surgeons of Ontario
Website: http://www.cpso.on.ca/
Collège des médecins du Québec
Website: http://www.cmq.org/
Federation of State Medical Boards
Website: http://www.fsmb.org/
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Website: http://rcpsc.medical.org/

Overseas Career
Canada Associations
Canadian Association of Interns
Website: http://www.cair.ca/

Overseas Career
Canada Job Resources
Job Resources
Here you can find useful job related websites. Some of them are exclu-
sively for health related jobs. Others list all jobs including Medical jobs.
Health Job Sites

Resident Matching Service
Website: http://www.carms.ca/main.htm
Physician Job Search
Website: http://www.physicianjobsearch.com/
Medical Practice in Saskatchewan
Website: http://mdopportunity.org/
Health Services
Website: http://www.hlthss.gov.nt.ca/careers/
HireHealthCare
Website: http://www.hirehealthcare.com/
HealthJobsite

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.healthjobsite.com/
MedHunters Canada
Website: http://www.medhunters.com/region/Canada.html
Medical Job Listing
Website: http://www.cableregina.com/business/geodetic/medi-
cal.html
General Job Sites

JobPostings
Website: http://www.jobpostings.ca/
Worksite Canada
Website: http://www.worksitecanada.com/jobs.html
Monster Canada
Website: http://english.monster.ca/
Head Hunter
Website: http://www.headhunter.net/
Career Bookmarks

Overseas Career
Website: http://careerbookmarks.tpl.toronto.on.ca/
Canadian Jobs
Website: http://www.canadianjobs.com/
Electronic Labour Exchange
Website: http://www.ele-spe.org/
Job Futures
Website: http://jobfutures.ca/doc/jf/index.shtml
Work Infonet
Website: http://www.workinfonet.ca/

Overseas Career
Canada Accommodation
Accommodation
Here we have provided some useful websites that will be helpful in book-
ing rooms before you enter Canada.
Online Resources
Hostelling In Canada
Website: http://www.hostellingintl.ca/
Bed & Breakfast Info Canada
Website: http://www.bandbinfo.com/
BBCanda
Website: http://www.bbcanada.com/
InnCanada
Website: http://www.inncanada.com/
YMCA Canada
Website: http://www.ymca.ca/
Stay Canada

Overseas Career
Canada Accommodation
Website: http://www.stay-canada.com/
Backpackers Canada
Website: http://www.backpackers.ca/

Overseas Career
Canada Useful Links
Useful Links
We have provided general and medical links that will be useful but can-
not be included in other chapters, if you want to know more about or
work in Canada.
Health Links
Health Canada
Website: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/
Healthy Canadian
Website: http://www.healthycanadian.com/
General Links
Yahoo Canada
Website: http://ca.yahoo.com/
Yahoo Auctions
Website: http://ca.auctions.yahoo.com/
eBay Canada

Overseas Career
Canada Useful Links
Website: http://www.ebay.ca/
Alta Vista Canada
Website: http://www.altavista.ca/
Canada.com
Website: http://www.canada.com/
YellowPages Canada
Website: http://www.yellowpages.ca

Overseas Career
Canada About Canada
About Canada
A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-
governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown.
Canada is the second largest country in the world.
Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel
with the US, its neighbour to the south across an unfortified border.
Geography
Canada is located at north of North America, bordering the North Atlantic
Ocean and North Pacific Ocean, north of the conterminous US. Geo-
graphic coordinates are 60 00 N, 95 00 W.
Total area is 9,976,140 sq. km.
Canada is an immense country with a vast range of climatic conditions.
Climate varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north.
The Pacific Coast has temperate conditions. From the Rocky Mountains to
the Great Lakes region, winters are long and cold and summers short and
hot, with little rain. In central Canada, summer is hot and humid and win-
ter tends to be very cold with much snow.

Overseas Career
Canada About Canada
Natural resources are iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybde-
num, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas and
hydropower.
Natural hazards are continuous permafrost in north and cyclonic storms
form east of the Rocky Mountains.
People
Nearly 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US/
Canada border. 77% of the population is concentrated in large urban
areas.
Total Population is 31 millions.
English and French are the official languages.
Nationality is known as Canadian(s).
Ethnic groups are British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other Euro-
pean 15%, Amerindian 2% and others 32% .

Overseas Career
Canada About Canada
Economy
As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resem-
bles the US in its market-oriented economic system, pattern of produc-
tion, and high living standards.
Inflation rate is 1.7%. Unemployment rate is 7.6%.
Industrial products are processed and unprocessed minerals, food prod-
ucts, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals,
fish products, petroleum and natural gas.
Agriculture products are wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegeta-
bles, dairy products, forest products and fish.
Currency System is Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates is Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.4489.
The provinces are British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba,
Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince
Edward Island.
Country Code is CA.
Capital City is Ottawa.
Major Cities are Vancouver, London, Montreal, Calgary, Hamilton, Edmon-
ton, Toronto, Quebec City, Halifax, Winnipeg and Ottawa.

Overseas Career
Canada About Canada
International Airports are in Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto and
Calgary.
Weights and Measures system is Metric system. However, Imperial and US
measures are also found.
Electricity Supply system is 120 - 240V AC (mostly 120V), 60 cycles.

Overseas Career
United Kingdom

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Overview
Overview
The chapter “Registration” gives complete information on registration
process in the United Kingdom.
The chapter “Dental Council” provides contact details and other useful
information of the Dental Council.
The chapter titled “Examination” gives full details of the examination pro-
cedure including content, format, venue and fees. The chapter “Books”
gives a list of useful texts when you prepare for exam.
The chapter “IELTS” gives useful information on the English test.
The chapter “Job Resources” provides useful job contacts.
The chapter “Immigration” gives contact details of official and other
resources. The chapter “Associations” lists the contact details of impor-
tant associations and organizations.
The chapter “Accommodation” helps to find a suitable accommodation.
The chapter “Useful Links” gives a list of useful general websites.
The chapter “About United Kingdom” provides information on the peo-
ple, geography and economy of UK.

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Registration
Registration
The General Dental Council is the statutory body which regulates the
dental profession in the United Kingdom. It is responsible for maintaining
standards in the dental profession and for ensuring the public is pro-
tected. The GDC has statutory responsibility for dental education, regis-
tration, professional conduct and practice.
As part of its regulatory duties, the Council maintains the Dental Register
for dentists and Specialists Lists. Only those listed in these publications
may practice dentistry in the UK.
The only way to enter these registers is by obtaining Registration from
the General Dental Council of United Kingdom.
Dentists from overseas must note that it is an offence punishable by a fine
for anyone to practise dentistry in the United Kingdom unless their name
is registered in the Dentists Register or in the Medical Register or appears
in the General Dental Council's list of visiting EEA practitioners.
This applies not only to general or private practice including work as an
assistant, but also to work in hospitals or in the community dental serv-
ices. It does not, however, apply to work carried out by a dental or medi-

Overseas Career
cal student in a university or hospital as part of a course of study
approved by the university.
There are two types of registration:
Full Registration
Temporary Registration
Full Registration
Full Registration allows you to pracitise as a dentist in the United King-
dom without any restriction. Full registration in the Dentists Register is
necessary for dental work not covered by temporary registration.
Full registration can be achieved either by holding a recognised degree or
diploma or by passing the statutory examination of the Council.
For the sake of clarity we have classified the Full Registration into three
categories. This is not an official classification by the General Dental
Council.
Old Regulation
EEA Graduates
Current Regulation

Overseas Career
Old Regulation
Before 1 January 2001, dentists who obtain dental degrees from the fol-
lowing universities were eligible to apply for registration without passing
dental council examination:
a university in Australia,
a university in Hong Kong
a university in New Zealand,
a university in Malta (until 1978)
the University of Malaya in Malaysia
(awarded after 1 January 1997)
a university in Singapore and
recognised universities in South Africa
Pretoria, Stellenbosch, Witwatersrand, MEDUNSA (awarded after 1
January 1997) or Western Cape (awarded before 31 December
1997)
Now there is a change. This change applies only if you obtain dental
degrees on or after 1 January 2001 from the above universities. If you
obtained dental degrees before 1 January 2001 from the above universi-
ties then you can still apply for registration without examination.
From 1 January 2001, dentists who obtain dental degrees on or after 1
January 2001 from the above universities will be ineligible to register with

Overseas Career
the council through the non-examination route. Of course, they are eligi-
ble to obtain Full Registration through the route available to all.
This provision applies only to those applicants who have graduated on or
after 1 January 2001. Holders of dental degrees awarded by the universi-
ties, who graduated before this date will continue to be able to register
via these no-examination route procedures.
Application for registration by dentists who have not previously been
registered in the United Kingdom should be made to
The Registrar
The General Dental Council
37 Wimpole Street
London WIG 8DQ
United Kingdom
First check whether you are the holder of a dental degree awarded by one
of the above universities.
If you are an eligible dentist as set out in the above list, then you must
contact the Dental Council and obtain appropriate application form.
Then you may be registered on submission of

Overseas Career
a completed application form countersigned by a medical practi-
tioner certifying that he/she has examined the applicant and that
the applicant is in good health both physically and mentally;
a certificate issued by the competent authority of the country/
state in which the applicant was last established in dental practice
certifying that he/she is legally entitled to practise dentistry and
that he/she has not been suspended or prohibited from practising
as a dentist;
the prescribed registration fee;
the applicant's original diploma or a certificate from the awarding
university setting out his/her name in full and the date when his/
her degree or diploma in dentistry will be awarded; and
Your passport.
If you have obtained your dental degree from any university from the
above list on or after 1 January 2001, then you must apply for Full Regis-
tration after completing the examination procedures or try to take up
Temporary Registration route.

Overseas Career
EEA Nationals
In accordance with the Dental Directives of the European Community, dif-
ferent registration procedures apply to dentists who are nationals of and
hold qualifications awarded in
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg
the Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Republic of Ireland
Spain
Sweden

Overseas Career
Eligible dentists should contact the General Dental Council for the appro-
priate application form.
Any person who is a national of an EEA State and holds an appropriate
European diploma is entitled to be registered in the dentists register.
"Appropriate European diploma" shall be construed in accordance with
Schedule 2 to the Dental Act. Most of the reputed institutions are
included in this schedule. If you are not sure, send an email to the Dental
Council.
Any person who
(a) is not a national of an EEA State, but
(b) is entitled to be treated no less favourably than a national of
such a State,
shall be treated for the purposes of Registration as if he were such a
national.
A person shall not be entitled to be registered in the dentists register
unless he satisfies the registrar as to the following matter, namely
his identity;
that he is of good character;
that he has satisfied the Council that he has the requisite knowl-
edge and skill;

Overseas Career
that he is a national of an EEA State (or is treated as such for the
purposes; and
that he is good health, both physically and mentally.
In relation to a person who is a national of an EEC State (or is treated as
such for the purposes) the registrar shall accept as sufficient evidence of
good character if he/she produces
(a) a certificate issued by a competent authority in the EEA State
which awarded the appropriate European diploma, or in which he
has subsequently become established, attesting that the require-
ments of that State in relation to good character for taking up the
profession of dentistry have been met; or
(b) (where the State does not require proof of good character for
taking up of the profession of dentistry) an extract from the judi-
cial record or an equivalent document issued by a competent
authority in the State showing that he is of good character.
In relation to a person who is a national of an EEA State (or is treated as
such for the purposes , the registrar shall accept as sufficient evidence of
good health if he/she produces
(a) the document required in the EEA State which awarded the
appropriate European diploma, or in which he has subsequently
become established, as proof of good health; or

Overseas Career
(b) (where the State does not require proof of good health for tak-
ing up of the profession of dentistry) a certificate issued by a com-
petent authority in the State corresponding to the certificates of
good health issued by the Council.
The registrar shall not accept any certificate referred to above if it is pre-
sented more than three months after the date on which it was issued.
In deciding for the purpose of Registration whether a person who is a
national of an EEA State (or is treated as such for the purposes) has the
requisite knowledge and skill, the Council
(a) shall take into account any dental qualifications awarded out-
side the EEA which have been accepted by another EEA State as
qualifying him to practise as a dentist in that State;
(b) shall take into account any professional dental experience or
knowledge that he has acquired in another EEA State; and
(c) may treat a qualification which is not of a kind recognised for
the time being by the Council as furnishing sufficient guarantees
that he has the requisite knowledge and skill as if it were such a
qualification.
The Registration process for EEA nationals or those treated as such for the
purpose, is quicker than it is for others, as many requirements are waived.

Overseas Career
You must contact the Dental Council and obtain appropriate form to initi-
ate the Full Registration process.
New Regulation
If you do not fit in one of the above two categories, then your only option
is to go for the common route. This involves passing the International
Qualifying Examination. After passing the examination, you need to
apply for Full Registration. This will enable you to carry on unrestricted
practice in the United Kingdom. We have covered the International Quali-
fying Examination in detail in a separate chapter.
If you are not eligible for Full Registration or if you do not want to apply
for Full Registration, you may be eligible for temporary registration.
This temporary registration enables you to practise dentistry in the
United Kingdom for a limited period and in specified posts without the
need to take further examinations.
Every application for temporary registration is considered individually on
its merits, but the following procedures apply in general:

Overseas Career
Eligibility
The applicant must hold a degree or diploma in dentistry granted by a
university or other approved body after a regular course of study at a uni-
versity or other approved dental school. The applicant may be required to
submit evidence of his/her course of study.
Failure in the LDS or BDS Examination may render the applicant ineligible
for temporary registration. Candidates who have failed the Statutory
Examination and are not permitted to have another attempt are not eligi-
ble for temporary registration.
There will be no link between the International Qualifying Examination
(IQE) and temporary registration.
Purposes
Temporary registration is normally granted for the following purposes:
Teaching
To enable a dentist who has been invited to lecture in the United
Kingdom to give clinical demonstrations or to permit him/her to
accept a teaching appointment on the staff of a dental school or
dental hospital

Overseas Career
Research
To enable research workers to carry out clinical procedures as part
of their work
Postgraduate Study/Training
To enable a dentist to obtain postgraduate training in some
branch of dentistry.
Information about facilities for postgraduate dental education is available
from the National Advice Centre for Postgraduate Dental Education and
Training.
This centre provides a central source of information for dentists, particu-
larly those from overseas, who wish to obtain postgraduate education
and training in the United Kingdom.
It is under the aegis of the Councils for Postgraduate Medical Education. It
advises on training and courses and also on the requirements for
appointment in the National Health Service, but it cannot arrange
employment.
The address is:
National Advice Centre for Postgraduate Dental Education
Faculty of Dental Surgery

Overseas Career
Royal College of Surgeons of England
35-43 Lincoln's Inn Fields
London WC2A 3PN
United Kingdom
Telephone
00 44 20 7896 6811
Email Address
soverda@rcseng.ac.uk
Employment
Temporary registration is granted only for the purpose of holding a spe-
cific appointment. This appointment must be to a post approved for
training by one of the Royal Surgical Colleges of the UK.
The applicant must produce evidence of acceptance for employment in a
dental school/dental hospital or a general/specialist hospital in a post
which has been approved by the Council for the purpose of temporary
registration.Applicants practise under the supervision of a named con-
sultant.

Overseas Career
Duration
Temporary registration is currently granted for periods not exceeding
twelve months or the "duration of the contract whichever is shorter" up
to a maximum aggregate period of four years.
Applications for an extension to this period will be considered on the
basis of supporting evidence that the applicant is making satisfactory
progress in a continuing, planned programme of training.
Area
Temporary registration is not granted for work in general practice or in
community dental services but may be extended to work in Dental Public
Health at Specialist Registrar grade provided the necessary supervisory
requirements are in place.
Procedure
A dentist's first application for temporary registration must be made in
person at the offices of the General Dental Council.
The applicant must on that occasion produce
his/her passport

Overseas Career
the original qualifying dental degree or diploma (accompanied by
a certified true translation if it is in a language other than English)
and
submit evidence that an offer of employment has been made.
Extension
The Council will give consideration to discounting a period of illness
which materially affects a dentist's period of training during the initial
four-year period of temporary registration.
The following should be noted:
It shall be the responsibility of the dentist to notify the council of
this period of illness as soon as is practicable.
Applications must be received within 10 working days of the den-
tist returning to clinical practice.
The Council will not grant a refund of time based on a retrospec-
tive application.
A period of illness shall not be taken to have materially affected a
dentist's training unless it is continuous and exceeds one month
in any contract period.
All periods for which a refund of time is being claimed should be
supported by a letter form medical staffing confirming that the

Overseas Career
dentist was off work during this period and a letter from the
supervising consultant confirming that progress in training was
significantly affected by the absence.
The Council will grant a refund of time arising through maternity/
paternity leave. It will be open to any dentist seeking to take
maternity/paternity leave to request that this period be dis-
counted form the period of temporary registration. Such applica-
tions must be made prior to the commencement of leave.
A refund of time lost on any of the above criteria shall not affect
the dentist's registered status for the period to which the discount
relates.
Full registration in the Dentists Register is necessary for dental work not
covered by temporary registration.

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United Kingdom Dental Council
Dental Council
About Dental Council

The General Dental Council is the statutory body which regulates the
dental profession in the United Kingdom.
It is responsible for maintaining standards in the dental profession and
for ensuring the public is protected.
The GDC has statutory responsibility for dental education, registration,
professional conduct and practice. As part of its regulatory duties, the
Council maintains the Dental Register (for dentists), the Rolls of Dental
Auxiliaries (for Hygienists and Therapists) and Specialists Lists.
Only those listed in these publications may practice dentistry in the UK.
Please visit the General Dental Council website for latest information as
the rules and regulations may be reviewed from time to time and
changed.
Contact Details
Physical and Postal Address
General Dental Council of United Kingdom

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37 Wimpole Street
London WIG 8DQ
United Kingdom
Telephone and Fax
Phone: 00 44 20 7887 3800
Fax: 00 44 20 7487 2643
Email Address
Please find an appropriate email address from the following email
addresses for quick response.
Examinations
For enquiries about the International Qualifying Examination
(IQE), send email to:
Examinations@gdc-uk.org
General
For general enquiries about the GDC, send email to:
Information@gdc-uk.org
Registration
For GDC registration enquiries, send email to:
GDCRegistration@gdc-uk.org

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Specialist Lists
For information on the Specialist Lists in Distinctive Branches of
Dentistry, send email to:
Specialist@gdc-uk.org
For enquiries about overseas qualified dentists who are not enti-
tled to full registration, send email to:
TemporaryRegistration@gdc-uk.org
Education
For information on the Council's work in dental education, send
email to:
GDCeducation@gdc-uk.org
Website
Website: http://www.gdc-uk.org/

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United Kingdom Examination
Examination
The General Dental Council has introduced International Qualifying
Examination from 1 January 2001 as an essential requirement for obtain-
ing Full Registration.
IQE is the short form of International Qualifying Examination.
The IQE, the statutory examination of the Council, provides a means of
testing the knowledge and skill already possessed by a dentist who holds
a qualification which does not admit him/her to the United Kingdom
Dentists Register.
Purpose
The IQE is held under Regulations made by the General Dental Council
under the Dentists Act 1984, and approved by the Privy Council.
This examination is the only means whereby the Council can test the
extent of the knowledge and skill possessed by an applicant for registra-
tion whose overseas primary qualification is not generally recognised by
the Council.

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Standard
The standard of knowledge and skills required to be shown by candidates
in order to satisfy the Examiners in the IQE shall not be less than the
standard required to qualify for a degree or licence in dentistry in the
United Kingdom.
The standard of the IQE will therefore be no lower than that of a United
Kingdom qualifying examination as expressed in the Council's document
The First Five Years: The Undergraduate Dental Curriculum.
The Council takes the view that, in the public interest, this standard must
be fully maintained. Emphasis will be on the standard of knowledge and
skills required for the safe practice of dentistry.
Scientific and medical subjects in Part A will be examined at the level
expected of a general dental practitioner in the United Kingdom.
The IQE is held in three parts. Part B has the important function of ensur-
ing that no candidate enters Part C who may put patients at risk.
Eligibility
A candidate for admission to the IQE must hold a degree or diploma
granted by a University or other approved body after a course of study
which the Council considers to be sufficient for the purpose.

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Before the International Qualifying Examination is held the Council shall
in respect of every candidate furnish the examining authority with infor-
mation:
(a) concerning the date on which the recognised overseas
diploma held by the candidate was granted;
(b) confirming that the course of study leading to the award of the
overseas diploma was similar in content to the undergraduate
dental curriculum recommended by the Council.
He/She is not required to take a further course of study before being
admitted to the examination.
English Test
The IQE will be held only in English.
A poor command of English will not be accepted as an excuse for a poor
performance in any part of the examination.
To avoid entry by candidates whose command of the English language is
insufficient for the purpose, all applicants are required to demonstrate
their linguistic competence by means of the International English Lan-
guage Testing System (IELTS).

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This test is administered by the British Council in 105 countries including
the United Kingdom.
The General Dental Council will require a minimum score of 7.0 in each
individual section of the Academic IELTS test. We have given more details
on IELTS in a different section.
Details about IELTS may be obtained from
The British Council (IELTS Enquiries)
Bridgewater House
58 Whitworth Street
Manchester, M16BB
United Kingdom
Phone: 0161 957 7755
Email: general.enquiries@britishcouncil.org
In accordance with Law, Nationals of EEA States or persons who are enti-
tled to be treated no less favourably than EEA nationals cannot be
required to take the IELTS test.
Application Procedure
Those wishing to apply to take the IQE should send the Council:
An application form completed in all parts;

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The original qualifying dental degree or diploma unless a copy is
already held by the Council. If the original is not available a certi-
fied copy may be submitted in its place;
Evidence that the named applicant has the right to practise den-
tistry without restriction in the country where his/her diploma
was obtained and that he/she has not been suspended or prohib-
ited from practising as a dentist. This evidence refers to a Certifi-
cate or Letter of Good Standing which must be issued by the
Registration Authority in the aforementioned country. In addition,
if the applicant is currently working or last worked, in a different
country to that previously mentioned, a Certificate or Letter of
Good Standing must also be obtained from that Registration
Authority. A Certificate or Letter of Good Standing must be no
more than three months old. Please note that neither an annual
practising certificate nor a registration certificate is acceptable as
a Certificate of Good Standing;
Four recent passport size photographs which have been officially
certified as a true likeness;
A short statement of the career which has been followed since
qualifying as a dentist;
For those who are neither nationals of EEA States nor persons who
are entitled to be treated no less favourably than EEA nationals a

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stamped IELTS Test Report Form showing a minimum score of 7.0
in each of the four individual sections including the Academic
Reading and Writing Modules. Those who are exempt because of
nationality must submit their passport or a certified copy of the
validity and photograph page;
For those whose current surname differs from that on the original
degree or diploma or on the Certificate of Good Standing, evi-
dence, such as a marriage certificate, of the legality of the name
change;
For those who are claiming an exemption from Part A of the IQE
the original or certified copy of the relevant document in support
of the claim.
Any documents not in English must be accompanied by a certified
translation. The photographs and all documents which require
certification as a true translation or a true copy must be so certi-
fied by a Notary Public, Commissioner of Oaths or Justice of the
Peace.
A candidate who, for any reason, is unable to supply any necessary
document must produce an affidavit or affirmation which has
been witnessed by a solicitor.
No fees should be sent with the application.

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Dates and Venues
The International Qualifying Examination is held at published dates dur-
ing the year at various centres in the United Kingdom and is conducted in
English.
Attempts
Attempts at the IQE are not limited.
Candidates will be required to pass Parts B and C of the IQE within eight-
een months of each other. Any candidate failing to comply with this
requirement must resit Part B.
There is no requirement to resit or gain further exemption from Part A of
the IQE in the event of failing Part B.
Candidates who have failed the old Statutory Examination in the past and
have been precluded from further attempts will be allowed to sit the IQE.
Format
The International Qualifying Examination has three parts
Part A
Part B
Part C

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Part A consists of
a written examination and an oral examination in anatomy, physi-
ology and biochemistry and in oral anatomy and physiology.
a written examination and an oral examination in human disease
(medicine and surgery) including general pathology and microbi-
ology.
an oral examination in clinical dentistry.
Part B conists of an operative test on a dental manikin.
This test will include a variety of procedures for the preparation and res-
toration of teeth, designed to test the competence of candidates to
undertake such work for patients.
Part C conists of
a written examination, comprising two papers, covering all
aspects of dentistry including compulsory questions on law and
ethics and health and safety.
an examination in clinical dentistry, covering all aspects of den-
tistry and including the examination of an adult patient and a
child patient.
a practical clinical examination.
an oral examination in general dentistry.

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a practical examination in medical emergencies including cardi-
opulmonary resuscitation using a resuscitation manikin.
In Part C of the examination candidates must satisfy the examiners as to
their knowledge and understanding of dental radiology and imaging
including radiation protection.
Scope
The standard and scope of knowledge and skill required to be shown by
candidates in order to satisfy the examiners in the International Qualify-
ing Examination shall not be less than required to qualify for a degree or
licence in dentistry for the purpose of the Dentists Act 1984, having
regard to The First Five Years: The Undergraduate Dental Curriculum.
A complete booklet is available on the Dental Council website for Free
download in publication section. If you are interested, you can download
it for your reference.
Exemption
A candidate for the International Qualifying Examination who possess
one of the Membership Diplomas or has passed one of the Examinations
listed below or has passed an examination recognised as equivalent by

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the Dental Faculties of one of the Royal Surgical Colleges of the United
Kingdom detailed below or has Part A of the Intercollegiate Licence in
Dental Surgery (LDS) may claim exemption from Part A of the Interna-
tional Qualifying Examination:
The diploma of Member of the Faculty of Dental Surgery (MFDS)
or the Part I Examination of the Fellowship in Dental Surgery (FDS)
of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh;
or the Primary Examination of the Fellowship in Dental Surgery
(FDS) of the Royal College of Surgeons of England;
or the Primary Examination of the Fellowship in Dental Surgery
(FDS) of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow.
A Medical qualification does not confer exemption from any part of the
examination.
Validity
Once Part A has been passed, no further attempts will be necessary. Parts
B and C must be passed within eighteen months of each other, otherwise
Part B must be retaken.

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Sequence
Candidates will require a pass in or exemption from Part A before pro-
ceeding to Parts B and C.
Parts B and C must be passed at separate sittings within eighteen months
of each other. Any candidate failing to pass Part C within eighteen
months of sitting Part B successfully must resit Part B.
Old Regulation Candidates

This regulation applies to candidates who pass Part C of the International
Qualifying Examination within 18 months of passing Part I of the exami-
nation held under the previous regulations.
Candidates (to whom this rule applies) who have passed Part I of the stat-
utory examination held under the previous regulations shall be exempt
from the requirement to pass Parts A and B of the International Qualifying
Examination .
Candidates who pass Part I of the examination held under the previous
regulations and do not pass Part C of the International Qualifying Exami-
nation within 18 months thereafter shall be exempt the requirements to
pass Part A of the International Qualifying Examination and shall be

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required to pass Part B of the International Qualifying Examination before
attempting Part C.
In respect of any candidate who was admitted to the waiting list for entry
to the examination on or before 19 August 1999, the Registrar may direct
that that person's knowledge and skill shall be examined in accordance
with the previous regulations.
English Test
This Regulation applies to a candidate who is not a national of an EEA
State. No candidate to whom this paragraph applies shall be admitted to
Part A of the International Qualifying Examination or to Part B in the case
of a candidate who is exempt from Part A , unless he has first satisfied the
Council that he has obtained a minimum score of 7.0 in each individual
section of the Academic International English Language Test System test.
Fees
The following are the fees prescribed for sitting the International Qualify-
ing Examination and no candidate shall be permitted to take the exami-
nation or any part thereof until he has paid the appropriate fee:
For Part A: 550 Sterling Pounds

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For Part B: 650 Sterling Pounds
For Part C: 750 Sterling Pounds
Misconduct
The use or attempted use of unauthorised material such as revision notes
or other action considered by the examiners to constitute cheating in
connection with any element of the IQE will result in the candidate failing
the examination and being excluded from entering all subsequent diets
of any part of the IQE.
Appeals
Only appeals on the ground of defects of procedure will be considered.
An appeal must be addressed to the Registrar and received in writing
within forty days of the relevant Part of the examination. Appeals will be
considered on a written basis only.
An appeal will not be entertained on the grounds of disagreement with
the examiners' collective judgement. Appeals on the grounds of illness,
or incapacity will only be considered under exceptional circumstances.

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Instruments
Instruments for use in the laboratory test of operative technique in Part B
and for the practical clinical examination in Part C will be supplied by the
examining centre and be appropriate to the tasks selected.
Disabilities
At the time of accceptance of the offer to sit the examination, candidates
should advise the Council if they have any relevant disabilities.
Equal Opportunities
Examinations will be carried out in line with the Council's Equal Opportu-
nities Policy.
Marking
Intention marking will be used in all elements of the examinations on an
ascending scale.
1 - uncompensatable fail
2 - marginal fail
3 - pass
4 - good

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5 - excellent
The full range of marks must be applied in all sections of the examination.
Candidates for the written examinations will be given a number and the
scripts marked anonymously.
The Council views double marking of the written examinations as good
practice. Should this not be possible, the scripts will be marked against a
model answer.
Failure in any practical section of the examination cannot be compen-
sated. These sections are Part B as a whole, the examination in clinical
dentistry, the practical clinical examination and the examination in medi-
cal emergencies. Compensation may be particularly between related
written and oral examinations.
The exercises in operative technique in Part B will be marked individually
but compensation may be allowed for a mark of 2 (marginal failure) in
one exercise.
While the matrices will form the basis of determining the outcome of the
examinations, the examiners will determine the final result.
Only the Council will communicate the results to the candidates.

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Examiners
No examiner may have been retired from clinical practice for longer than
two years.
Examining must always involve an examiner who has had the experience
of undergraduate examining in dental schools within the last two years.
Examiners’ Reports
The examiners' meeting must be held on the final day of the examination.
The examining authority will provide the Council with detailed results for
all candidates.
For those who have failed, examiners are asked to provide the Council
with recommendations and specific guidance where appropriate.
All reports should be written in a structured manner which will allow
them to be directly communicated to the candidates.
The assessor appointed by the Council, who will have knowledge and
experience of conducting qualifying examinations, will be in attendance
to observe and, where necessary, guide the conduct of the examination.
The assessor will submit an independent report to the Council concern-
ing the conduct of the examination, the physical arrangements including

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the equipment used, the conduct of the examiners' meeting and any
appropriate general comments.
Health
Candidates for Part C of IQE must have valid Hepatitis B certificates
authenticated from an accredited UK laboratory showing their full Hepa-
titis B serological status.
No one with evidence of an infective risk to patients will be permitted to
enter Part C of the examination.
Therefore candidates are advised that it is in their interests to have their
status checked before entering the IQE.
Before entering Part C of the IQE, candidates will be required to sign a
health declaration. This currently states:
I declare that to the best of my knowledge I am not suffering from,
nor am I a carrier of, any infectious disease, blood borne virus or
other transmissible disease which might jeopardise the well-
being of patients whom I may be called upon to treat during the
course of the examination. I further declare that I have no reason
to believe that such infectious or transmissible disease may be
present. In support of this statement I enclose original Hepatitis B

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certificates which have been authenticated from an accredited UK
Laboratory to show my full Hepatitis B serological status.
Part A
The Part A Examination will be held over two non-consecutive days.
Joining instructions, the timings of the two written papers and the time-
table for the oral examinations will be sent to the candidates by the
examination centre no later than two weeks before the examination.
The council will send candidates their results in writing no later than nine
days after the final examination.
Written Examinations
The two written papers, of three hours' duration, will be held on the first
day. Each of the two question papers will last for three hours.
Written papers will take the form of multiple short answer questions
(MSAs) . There will be a balance of questions covering the various sub-
jects within each paper.
The written examinations in anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, oral
anatomy and physiology and in human disease (medicine and surgery)

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including general pathology and microbiology will take the form of Mul-
tiple Short Answer (MSA) questions.
An MSA is a sharply focused question to which succinct answers are
required. MSA questions can take several forms such as list, scenario or
diagram. Three examples of MSA questions with specimen answers as
provided by the Dental Council for the candidates are given.
Each paper will have 35 questions, all of which will have equal weighting.
Candidates should attempt all questions and divide their time equally
noting that approximately five minutes have been allowed for each.
Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.
An invigilator will be present during the written examinations.
No books, papers or electronic equipment may be taken into the room
where the examinations are being conducted.
Oral Examinations
The three oral examinations in basic science, disease and clinical dentistry
will be held on the second day.
There will be a fifteen minute oral examination in anatomy, physiology
and biochemistry, oral anatomy and physiology.

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There will be a fifteen minute oral examination in human disease (medi-
cine and surgery) including general pathology and microbiology.
There will be a twenty minute oral examination in clinical dentistry. This
examination will cover a range of dental disciplines. Aids such as slides,
radiographs and models will be used to ensure that the examination is
relevant to clinical practice.
Each oral examination must be undertaken by two examiners, normally
with a Council assessor in attendance.
Sample Questions
Below are examples of MSA questions and specimen answers for candi-
dates' information. Other formats may be used in the examination. Each
question has a maximum mark of 10.
Question 1
(One mark will be awarded for each component correctly identified with
an additional mark for each correct function)
There are five substances produced in human saliva. Describe the func-
tion of each.

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Answer 1:
Salivary amylase; breakdown of dietary starch
Mucins; lubrication of food bolus and protection of mucous membrane
Immunoglobin A; defence mechanisms
Lactoferrin; bacteriostasis
Bicarbonate ions; neutralise pH
Lysozyme; hydrolyses cell walls of bacteria
Calcium and phosphate ions; limit ion exchange
Question 2
(Three marks will be awarded for the origins, three for insertions and four
for actions.)
What are the origins, insertions and actions of the lateral pterygoid mus-
cle?
Answer 2:
Origins:
Arises from two heads
larger inferior

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smaller superior
Larger inferior head - arises from the lateral surface of the lateral ptery-
giod plate
Smaller superior head - arises from the roof of the infratemporal fossa
Insertions:
The two heads converge posteriorly in a tendon which inserts in to the
head of the condyle. Some fibres also insert into the anterior aspect of
the capsule of the TMJ and thus directly into the intra-articular disc.
Actions:
The lower head pulls the condyle forwards and downwards along the
articular eminence therefore it is a protruder of the mandible. The upper
head aids in stabilising the capsule and TMJ during closure.
Question 3
(a) Give two instances when antibiotic drugs should be used in primary
dental care. (Five marks)
(b) List five important factors which you would take into consideration
before prescribing such a drug. (Five marks)

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Anwer 3 (a)
Temporary treatment of acute oral infection when drainage cannot be
achieved;
In some cases of spreading infection following surgical intervention;
Antibiotic prophylaxis to protect patients with cardio-valvular disease.
Answer 3 (b)
Choice of Drug
Likely causative organism
History of allergy
Renal and Hepatic function
Resistance to infection (immunocompromised)
Ability to tolerate drugs by mouth
Severity of illness/infection
Ethnic origin
Age and sex - if female: pregnancy, breast feeding or taking oral contra-
ceptive
Dosage
Route

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Duration
Combination
Part B
This consists of an operative test on a dental manikin of two three hour
sessions which will normally take place on the same day.
The test is designed to ensure the competence of candidates to under-
take such work for patients.
The test will comprise of four exercises:
an exercise for dental amalgam;
an exercise for a tooth-coloured filling material;
the preparation of a tooth for an indirect intracoronal restoration
or for a crown;
an endodontic exercise.
The four exercises will be planned in a sequence which, for example,
allows time for processing of the films used in the endodontic section
during the midday break. Candidates will be advised to complete the
exercises in a set order.
Natural teeth should be used if possible. If artificial teeth are used, candi-
dates will be allowed an opportunity for familiarisation.

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The issue of briefing notes to candidates is commended as good practice.
Candidates must wear gloves, masks and eye protection.
Left handed operators must, at the time of application, advise the Council
who will then inform the examination centre in advance.
Candidates must be given the opportunity to comment on their com-
pleted work.
The Council recommends that short breaks are built in to this part of the
examination.
Each candidate will be examined by two examiners, normally with a
Council assessor in attendance.
The test will comprise two, three hour sessions.
Candidates will be allowed thirty minutes to familiarise themselves with
the equipment and materials available before the examination proper
commences.
There will normally be a minimum of two examiners for ten candidates.
The timing of the examination will be as follows:
9.00 - 9.30am
Candidates arrive and familiarise themselves with equipment and
materials

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9.30 - 12.30pm
Morning session
12.30 - 1.30pm
Mandatory lunch break
1.30 - 4.30pm
Afternoon session
4.30pm
Termination of examination
Candidates are required to carry out the following four exercises, all of
which must be completed in the time alloted:
Remove caries and/or an unsatisfactory restoration from an upper
molar tooth and restore the cavity with amalgam;
or lower incisor tooth and restore the cavity with a tooth coloured
filling material;
Carry out root canal treatment on a single rooted tooth;
Prepare a tooth to receive a full coverage crown and construct a
suitable provisional restoration.
Candidates may normally carry out the exercises in any order. Candidates
should also bear in mind that the radiographs required as part of the
endodontic exercise will need to be processed and should plan their

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activity accordingly. The examiners will explain the arrangements for tak-
ing and processing these films at the start of the examination.
No individual exercises should be started before the treatment has been
discussed with the examiners.
All treatment procedures, with the exception of radiography, must be car-
ried out with the model mounted in the phantom head.
Candidates are not permitted to use their own instruments and materials.
These will be supplied by the dental authority.
Each stage of the examination, as indicated below, must be shown to the
examiners. Candidates will be expected to discuss aspects of the treat-
ment which has been carried out with both of the examiners. These dis-
cussions will contribute to the assessment of each exercise.
Any unexpected problems or difficulties which are encountered must be
discussed with the examiners before proceeding.
Candidates are reminded that they have the opportunity, should they so
wish, to comment on their completed work. This could take the form of a
short written statement.
Here are the detailed instructions for the individual exercises.

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Exercise 1
molar tooth and restore the cavity with amalgam
Examine the tooth and discuss the treatment with the examiners.
After removing the caries/old restoration, discuss with the exam-
iners how you propose to complete the preparation and decide
what materials you are going to use.
Show the completed preparation to the examiners and be pre-
pared to discuss any points.
Insert the lining and place the matrix band (if required) and show
them to the examiner. Be prepared to discuss any points.
Show the completed restoration to the examiners and be pre-
Exercise 2
Remove caries and/or an unsatisfactory restoration from an upper or
lower incisor tooth and restore the cavity with a tooth coloured filling
material.
Examine the tooth and discuss the treatment with the examiners.

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After removing the caries/old restoration, discuss with the exam-
iner how you propose to complete the preparation and decide
what materials you are going to use.
Show the completed preparation to the examiners and be pre-
Insert the lining and place the matrix band (if required) and show
them to the examiners. Be prepared to discuss any points.
Show the completed restoration to the examiners and be pre-
Exercise 3
Carry out root canal treatment on a single rooted tooth.
Examine the tooth, take a pre-operative radiograph and discuss
your proposed treatment with the examiners.
Show the completed access cavity to the examiner and be pre-
pared to discuss any points including`the type of root canal prep-
aration technique you will use.
Take a working length radiograph, show it to the examiners and
be prepared to discuss any points.
Show the completed root canal preparation to the examiners and
be prepared to discuss any points.

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After you have filled the root canal, take a radiograph, show it to
the examiners and be prepared to discuss any points.
When the treatment has been completed, mount the radiographs
in the holders supplied and label each film. Mark the holder with
your candidate number.
Exercise 4
Prepare a tooth with amalgam to receive a full coverage crown and con-
struct a suitable provisional restoration.
Discuss the design of the crown with the examiners.
After completing the preparation you should make a provisional
crown using an autopolymerising resin.
After completing the provisional crown, show the preparation and
provisional crown to the examiners and be prepared to discuss
any points.
Part C
The Part C Examination will normally be held over three consecutive days.
Joining instructions and the examination timetable will be sent to candi-
dates by the examination centre no later than two weeks before the
examination.

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The council will send candidates their results in writing no later than nine
days after the final examination.
Written Examinations
The written examinations covering all aspects of dentistry will take the
form of MSA questions. Multiple short answer questions are known as
MSAs.
One examination must include questions on law and ethics and on health
and safety.
Each of the two question papers will last for three hours.
The two written papers, each of three hours' duration, will be held on the
first day.
The questions will be designed to determine the candidate's knowledge
of the current theory and practice of all aspects of dentistry.
An MSA is a sharply focused question to which succinct answers are
required. MSA questions can take several forms such as list, scenario or
diagram. Three examples with sample answers are given.

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Each paper will have 20 questions, all of which will have equal weighting.
Candidates should attempt all questions and divide their time equally,
noting that nine minutes have been allowed for each.
Where several answers are required to a question, they will be of equal
weighting unless specific advice has been given to the contrary.
Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.
An invigilator will be present during the written examinations.
No books, papers or electronic equipment may be taken into the room
where the examinations are being conducted.
Examination in Clinical Dentistry

In the examination in clinical dentistry candidates will be allowed up to
twenty minutes to examine each of two patients, one an adult and one a
child of less than ten years of age.
This will be followed by oral examinations for each patient based on the
candidates' examination of the patients with special emphasis on diagno-
sis and treatment planning. The examination of the two patients will be
conducted within a clinical setting.
The oral examinations for each patient will last for fifteen minutes.

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Two examiners with explicit knowledge about the IQE regulations must
be present for this oral examination with a Council assessor in attendance
where possible.
Candidates will be provided with paper and pencil to make notes which
may be taken into the oral examination.
Oral Exam in General Dentistry

The oral examination in general dentistry will last for twenty minutes and
will cover a range of issues pertinent to clinical practice including consid-
eration of aspects of behavioural sciences.
Candidates must satisfy the examiners as to their knowledge and under-
standing of dental radiology and imaging, including radiation protection,
radiographic technique and rediographic interpretation together with an
awareness of alternative imaging systems.
The oral examination must be undertaken by two examiners, normally
with a Council assessor in attendance.
Practical Clinical Examination

The practical clinical examination will include a range of clinical exercises
on a patient with a variety of restorative treatment needs. The principal

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exercise will include the preparation of a tooth and placement of a resto-
ration of appropriate complexity. Other exercises may involve elements
of periodontal and endodontic therapy, a prosthodontic procedure and
may include an element of minor oral surgery.
Chairside assistance will be provided by the examining centres.
The practical clinical examination will last for a maximum of three hours.
The tasks for this examination will be chosen from the range of proce-
dures normally undertaken by a general dental practitioner in the United
Kingdom and must include the administration of local analgesia as indi-
cated clinically.
Each candidate must be examined by two examiners, normally with a
This examination will comprise the undertaking of one or more dental
procedures for a patient during a period of three hours.
Candidates will be allowed time to familiarise themselves with their clini-
cal surroundings and equipment, and to introduce themselves to their
patient.
There will normally be a minimum of two examiners for ten candidates.

Overseas Career
At the beginning of this part of the examination, candidates will be
invited to discuss their proposed treatment plan and practical proce-
dures (including the use of local anaesthesia) with the examiners.
This and subsequent discussions will contribute to the assessment of the
exercise.
In order to prepare for this discussion candidates will be expected to
review the patient notes and other records provided (radiographs, study
models etc), to have updated the patients' medical history, and to have
examined the patient.
Candidates must not proceed with treatment until the examiners have
approved the treatment plan.
If at any stage difficulties arise or there is a need to depart from the origi-
nal treatment plan, candidates should note that this must be discussed
with the examiners before proceeding.
Candidates will be provided with all dental materials, instruments and
equipment necessary for the specified clinical procedure, including pro-
tective clothing.
Candidates may not bring items to the examination other than their own
protective glasses and magnifying loupes.

Overseas Career
No texts, notes or electronic equipment may be brought in to the clinical
area.
During the examination candidates should observe and employ appro-
priate cross infection control and those measures designed to protect
their patient, themselves and staff from hazards (disposal of sharps, use of
rubber dam, eye protection, etc).
Where additional radiographs are required, assistance with operating
unfamiliar equipment will be provided.
Candidates will be given every reasonable opportunity to demonstrate
their abilities. On occasion treatment plans have to be modified; this is
taken into account by the examiners.
Every effort will be made to commence the clinical examination on time
but patients may be late or be unable to attend. Candidates should be
aware that start times are sometimes delayed or staged.
Examination in Medical Emergencies

Examples of emergencies which candidates may be examined on include
anaphylactic reaction, upper respiratory obstruction, cardiac arrest, dia-
betic hypoglycaemia, vasovagal attack and inhalation or ingestion of for-
eign bodies.

Overseas Career
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation will be tested using a resuscitation mani-
kin.
This section of the examination will last for a maximum of fifteen minutes.
Each candidate must be examined by two examiners, normally with a
Candidates will be examined in areas pertinent to the management of
emergencies encountered within the setting of primary dental care.
Sample Questions
Below are examples of MSA questions and specimen answers for candi-
dates' information. Other formats may be used in the examination. Each
question has a maximum mark of 10.
Question 1
(Two marks will be awarded for each correct answer)
During the course of administering an inferior dental nerve block the
needle broke. Describe five actions which you would take.

Overseas Career
Answer 1:
If the broken portion is visible, grasp it with curved haemostats or ortho-
dontic pliers and remove it.
If the broken portion is not visible, and it is definitely in the tissues, reas-
sure the patient and explain what has happened.
Ask the patient to limit swallowing and movements of the mandible.
Telephone the nearest Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department and
arrange for an immediate, emergency appointment.
Ensure that the remaining broken section of the needle is sent to the
OMFS Department with a note requesting that it is kept safely and not
thrown away.
Make detailed clinical notes.
Record the incident in your practice log of accidents and untoward occur-
rences.
Telephone your professional indemnity society to advise them of the inci-
dent and your actions.
Question 2
(Two marks will be awarded for a and c, five for b and one for d)

Overseas Career
A patient is diagnosed as having a carcinoma on the left side of the
tongue.
(a) To which group(s) of lymph nodes does this region drain?
The patient has to have surgery to remove the left half of the tongue.
(b) Which intrinsic muscles will have to be divided to achieve this?
(c) How does the tongue receive its arterial blood supply? Of which main
artery is this minor artery a branch?
(d) Which nerve supplies the anterior part of the tongue?
Answer 2:
(a) Ipsilateral submandubular and deep cervical nodes.
(b) Transverse intrinsic muscle, styloglossus, hypoglossus, genioglossus,
palatoglossus.
(c) Lingual artery. Branch of the External Carotid artery.
(d) Lingual nerve.
Question 3
(Up to three marks will be awarded for parts a and b and up to four for
part c)

Overseas Career
You believe that a patient you are treating has an oral candidal infection
(a) List three possible clinical presentations of oral candidosis.
(b) Name three laboratory tests that are available to aid your diagnosis.
(c) List four factors that may predispose to oral candidosis.
Answer 3:
(a) Pseudomembranous candidosis (Thrush).
Atrophic candidosis.
Chronic hyperplastic candidosis.
(b) Stained smear/cytology
Biopsy and PAS/D staining.
Culture from swab.
(c) Immunosuppressed patient.
Iron deficiency.
Broad spectrum antibiotics.
Malnutrition.
Terminally ill.
Extremes of age.

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Books
Books
Anatomy
Anatomy for Dental Students
D R Johnson, W J Moore
ISBN: 0192626744
Oral Anatomy
Oral Histology, Development, Structure and Function
A R Ten Cate
ISBN: 0801679664
A Colour Atlas and Textbook of Oral Anatomy
B K B Berkovitz, G R Holland, B J Moxham
ISBN: 0723416885
Physiology
Human Physiology: the mechanisms of body function
A J Vander, J Sherman, D Luciano

Overseas Career
ISBN: 007067065X
Oral Physiology
Biochemistry and Oral Biology
A S Cole, J E Eastoe
ISBN: 0732608342
Pathology
General and Systemic Pathology
J C E Underwood
ISBN: 0443052824
Oral Pathology
Oral Pathology
J V Soames, J C Southam
ISBN: 019262895X
Microbiology
Notes on Medical Bacteriology

Overseas Career
J D Sleigh and M C Timbury
ISBN: 0443058474
Virology
Notes on Medical Virology
M C Timbury
ISBN: 0443058458
Oral Microbiology
Oral Microbiology
P Marsh, M V Martin
ISBN: 0412433605
Pharmacology
Textbook of Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics
J G Walton, J W Thompson, R A Seymour
ISBN: 0192625071

Overseas Career
Therapeutics
DPF/BNF Dental Practitioners' Formulary 2000/2002 together
with British National Formulary
Joint Publication of the BDA, BMA and the Royal Pharmaceutical
Society of Great Britain.
ISBN: 0853694265
General Medicine and Surgery/Human Disease

Clinical Medicine
P Kumar, M Clark
ISBN: 0702017396
Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine
J Macleod
ISBN: 0443049610
Lecture Notes on General Surgery
H Ellis, R Calne, C Watson
ISBN: 0865427682
Hutchison's Clinical Methods

Overseas Career
M Swash, S Mason
ISBN: 0702016756
Medical Problems in Dentistry
C Scully, R A Cawson
ISBN: 0723610568
Law and Ethics

Healthy Respect
R S Downie, K C Calman
ISBN: 0192624083
Radiology and Radiography

Dental Radiology: Understanding the X-ray image
L M Brocklebank
ISBN: 0192624105
Dental Materials
Applied Dental Materials
J F McCabe

Overseas Career
ISBN: 0632034912
Preventive and Community Dentistry

The Prevention of Oral Disease
J J Murray
ISBN: 0192624571
Children's Dentistry
Paediatric Dentistry
R R Welbury
ISBN: 0192626310
Orthodontics
W & H Orthodontic Notes (5th Ed)
M L JOnes & R G Oliver
ISBN: 0723610657
Interceptive Orthodontics (4th Ed)
A Richardson
ISBN: 0904588564

Overseas Career
Prosthetics
Prosthetic Treatment of the Edentulous Patient (4th Ed)
R M Basker, J C Davenport, H R Tomlin
ISBN: 0333567056
A Colour Atlas of Removable Partial Dentures
J C Davenport, R M Basker, J R Heath, J P Ralph
ISBN: 0723416206
Conservative (Operative) Dentistry

Pickard's Manual of Operative Dentistry
E A M Kidd, B G N Smith
ISBN: 0192626108
Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A contemporary
approach
R S Schwartz, J B Summitt, J W Robbins
ISBN: 0867153113
Harty's Endodontics in Clinical Practice
T R Pitt Ford

Overseas Career
ISBN: 0723610207
Planning and making crowns and bridges
B G N Smith
ISBN: 0906348986
Periodontics
Guide to Periodontics
W M M Jenkins, C J Allan
ISBN: 0723610045
Oral Surgery
An Atlas of Minor Oral Surgery: Principles and Practice
D A McGowan
ISBN: 1853177660
An outline of Oral Surgery: Parts 1 and 2
H C Killey, G R Seward, L W Kay
ISBN: 0723610614
Maxillofacial and Dental Emergencies

Overseas Career
J E Hawkesford
ISBN: 0192623915
Oral Medicine
A Clinical Guide to Oral Medicine
P J Lamey, M A O Lewis
ISBN: 0904588505

Overseas Career
United Kingdom IELTS
IELTS
IELTS is the short form of International English Language Testing System.
Overseas dentists should begin the process of becoming eligible for reg-
istration by taking the IELTS in or near their home countries.
The minimum accepted scores are:
Speaking 7.0,
Listening 6.0,
Academic Reading 6.0,
Academic Writing 6.0
Overall score: 7.0
The General Dental Council will only accept the Academic module of the
IELTS and test results are valid for upto 2 years from the date which
appears on the IELTS certificate.
What is IELTS?
IELTS tests the complete range of English language skills which will com-
monly be encountered by students when studying or training in the
medium of English.

Overseas Career
All candidates take the same Listening and Speaking Modules. There are
Academic module and General Training Module. You have to take up Aca-
demic Module for your test purpose.
IELTS is jointly managed by The University of Cambridge Local Examina-
tions Syndicate (UCLES), The British Council and IDP Education Australia.
Test Parts
The test has 4 parts. They are:
Listening
Academic Reading
Academic Writing
Speaking
Listening
This has four sections. The total number of items is 40. You have 40 min-
utes to complete the Listening part.
Academic Reading
This has four sections. The total number of items is 40. You have 60 min-
utes to complete the Academic Reading part.

Overseas Career
Academic Writing
This has two sections. You have 60 minutes to complete the Academic
writing part.
Speaking
You have 10 to 15 minutes to complete this part.
So, the total test time is approximately 2 hours 45 minutes.
All candidates take the same Listening and Speaking Modules.
Test Results
The results are returned to the candidates within two weeks in the form
of a Test Report Form.
Candidates receive scores on a band scale from 1 to 9.
Candidates receive a score for each module of the test as well as an over-
all score.
Overall Band Scores and Listening and Reading Band Scores are reported
in half bands; Writing and Speaking Band Scores are reported in whole
Bands.
There is no pass or fail mark.

Overseas Career
The IELTS Handbook provides a written Interpretation of Results.
Results are valid for two years.
Test Report Form

IELTS provides a profile of English language ability in Listening, Reading,
Writing and Speaking.
A Band Score for each of the four modules as well as an overall score is
recorded on the Test Report Form.
This allows receiving institutions to clearly identify the candidates'
strengths and weaknesses.
These Band Scores are recorded on the Test Report Form along with
details of the candidate's nationality, first language and date of birth.
Marking at the test centre ensures that test results are available without
any administrative delay.
A valid Test Report Form bears a centre stamp, a validation stamp and the
IELTS administrator's signature.

Overseas Career
Interpretation of Results
Each Band corresponds to a descriptive statement giving a summary of
the English of a candidate classified at that level. Overall Band Scores can
be reported in either whole or half Bands.
The nine bands and their descriptive statements are as follows:
9 - Expert User
Has fully operational command of the language: appropriate, accurate
and fluent with complete understanding.
8 - Very Good User

Has fully operational command of the language with only occasional
unsystematic inaccuracies and inappropriacies. Misunderstandings may
occur in unfamiliar situations. Handles complex detailed argumentation
well.
7 - Good User
Has operational command of the language, though with occasional inac-
curacies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings in some situations.

Overseas Career
Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed rea-
soning.
6 - Competent User
Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccura-
cies, inappropriacies and misunderstandings. Can use and understand
fairly complex language, particularly in familiar situations.
5 - Modest User
Has partial command of the language, coping with overall meaning in
most situations, though is likely to make many mistakes. Should be able
to handle basic communication in own field.
4 - Limited User
Basic competence is limited to familiar situations. Has frequent problems
in understanding and expression. Is not able to use complex language.
3 - Extremely Limited User

Conveys and understands only general meaning in very familiar situa-
tions. Frequent breakdowns in communication occur.

Overseas Career
2 - Intermittent User
No real communication is possible except for the most basic information
using isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet
immediate needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written
English.
1 - Non User
Essentially has no ability to use the language beyond possibly a few iso-
lated words.
0 - Did not attempt the test

No assessable information provided.
Test Centres
IELTS is available in over 200 centres in more than 100 countries.
The test is available at least once a month in all centres. Test dates are
flexible and set by individual test centres.
You can obtain information on IELTS from
The British Council in your country

Overseas Career
The IELTS website
Website: http://www.ielts.org/

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Job Resources
Job Resources
All hospital posts which are advertised are applied for in open competi-
tion with United Kingdom and overseas dentists.
Job opportunities are advertised each week in the two main medical
journals – BMJ and The Lancet. Both journals have web sites.
There are a number of other websites and Agencies that can give you
information on job vacancies.
British Medical Journal
Website: http://classified.bmj.com/
The Lancet
Website: http://www.thelancet.com/
Health-ejobs
Website: http://www.health-ejobs.com/
Medacs Healthcare
Website: http://www.medacs.com/
Jobsin

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.jobsin.co.uk/health/
Medical Jobs
Website: http://www.medicaljobs-at.com/new/front/scripts/
default.asp
JobsGoPublic
Website: http://www.jobsgopublic.com/
Medics-Inc
Website: http://www.medics-inc.co.uk/
Recruitment Solution
Website: http://www.recruitmentsolutions.co.uk/
Capital Employment
Website: http://www.capitalemployment.co.uk/
NhsCareer
Website: http://www.nhscareers.nhs.uk/
StepStone
Website: http://www.stepstone.co.uk/

Overseas Career
Monster
Website: http://www.monster.co.uk/

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Immigration
Immigration
All persons entering the United Kingdom must have a passport or other
travel document valid for the United Kingdom. In addition visas are
required by most overseas dentists.
Entry for Examination

There is no specific guidelines available for the Dental Council Examina-
tion. We give some general information available to Overseas Dentists
coming to the United Kingdom to take up IQE for General Dental Council
Registration.
Dentists who come to the United Kingdom in order to sit for the IQE
may be admitted as visitors to the United Kingdom for a period of up
to six months.
Dentists may have their stay extended for a further six months (i.e. up
to twelve months in total from date of entry) for the purpose of resit-
ting IQE.
Dentists coming to the United Kingdom to take the IELTS and/or IQE
examinations, or medical courses, may be issued with either a Student
or Visitors’ Visa. Visas must be applied for in your own country.

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Immigration
On passing IQE, and thus becoming eligible to apply for registration,
the Dentist may ask the Home Office for permission to 'switch' to per-
mit-free status in order to undertake postgraduate training in a hospi-
tal.
Work permits
Fully trained overseas dentists who wish to seek employment in the
United Kingdom, as opposed to training posts, are subject to work permit
regulations, whereby prospective employers must apply for a work per-
mit on behalf of the dentist.
EEA nationals do not have to acquire work permits to work in the United
Kingdom.
Prospective employers will apply to the Department for Education and
Employment (DFEE) or the Training and Employment Agency Northern
Ireland (TEA), for a work permit on behalf of the dentist.
Self-employment has its own regulations. The Overseas Labour Service of
the DFEE or the TEA can provide further details.

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Associations
Associations
Dental Associations
British Dental Association
Website: http://www.bda-dentistry.org.uk/
British Dental Hygienists Association
Website: http://www.bdha.org.uk/
Dental Practice Board
Website: http://www.dpb.nhs.uk/
British Dental Health Foundation
Website: http://www.dentalhealth.org.uk/
Royal Colleges
Royal College of Anaesthetists
Website: http://www.rcoa.ac.uk/
Royal College of General Practitioners
Website: http://www.rcgp.org.uk/

Overseas Career
Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
Website: http://www.rcog.org.uk/
Royal College of Ophthalmologists
Website: http://www.rcophth.ac.uk/
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
Website: http://www.rcpch.ac.uk/
Royal College of Pathologists
Website: http://www.rcpath.org/
Royal College of Physicians
Website: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/
Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Website: http://www.rcpe.ac.uk/
Royal College of Psychiatrists
Website: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/
Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Website: http://www.rcsi.ie/

Overseas Career
Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Website: http://www.rcsed.ac.uk/
Royal College of Surgeons of England
Website: http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Accommodation
Accommodation
Getting accommodation is easy. But, very often, the cost will be very high.
We have collected a few low cost accommodation providers.
YMCA England
Website: http://www.ymca.org.uk/
LCOS
Website: http://www.lcos.org.uk/
Host UK
Website: http://www.hostuk.org/hosthome.htm
BedUK
Website: http://www.beduk.co.uk/
B&B Net
Website: http://www.uk-expo.com/bnb/
Hotel Reservation Network
Website: http://www.b-and-b-online.com/
B&B Nationwide

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Accommodation
Website: http://www.bedandbreakfastnationwide.com/
TuckedUp
Website: http://www.kgp-publishing.co.uk/
Backpackers UK
Website: http://www.backpackers.co.uk/
YHA
Website: http://www.yha.org.uk/

Overseas Career
United Kingdom Useful Links
Useful Links
Dental Links
DentalServe
Website: http://www.dentalserve.net/
Dentistry
Website: http://www.dentistry.co.uk/
DERweb
Website: http://www.derweb.ac.uk/
Smile-On
Website: http://www.smile-on.com/
DentaNet
Website: http://www.dentanet.org.uk/
Other Links
Website: http://www.open.gov.uk/doh/dhhome.htm

Overseas Career
The site is a source of information on the NHS for enquirers who
wish to know about government policy.
NHS Confederation
Website: http://www.nhsconfed.net/
A membership organisation of NHS Trusts and Health Authorities.
Publishes useful information on NHS policy and practice.
Health Link
Website: http://www.healthlink.org.uk/
Information for health workers in developing countries.
World Health Organization
Website: http://www.who.int/
Immigration & Nationality Directorate
Website: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/
Provides information on immigration and visa issues.
Overseas Labour Service
Website: http://www.dfee.gov.uk/ols
Provides information on the Work Permit Scheme, application
forms and guidance on how to apply.

Overseas Career
Refugee Doctors
Website: http://www.mds.qmw.ac.uk/gp/refugeedoctors
A source of information for refugee doctors seeking to get regis-
tered to practice and restart their careers in the United Kingdom.
UKCOSA - the Council for International Education
Website: http://www.ukcosa.org.uk/
General source of information for overseas students studying in
the United Kingdom.
British Medical Association
Website: http://www.bma.org.uk/
The British Medical Association is a professional association of
doctors, representing their interests and providing services for its
members.
General Medical Council
Website: http://www.gmc-uk.org/
IELTS
United Examining Board

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.apothecaries.org/
Information on acquiring Alternative Primary Medical Qualifica-
tions under the auspices of the UEB.
Medical Defence Union
Website: http://www.the-mdu.com/
British Medical Journal
Website: http://www.bmj.com/
The Lancet
Website: http://thelancet.com/
Health Service Journal
Website: http://www.hsj.co.uk/
It contains health management job vacancies.
Royal Society of Medicine
Website: http://www.roysocmed.ac.uk/
Faculty of Occupational Medicine
Website: http://www.facoccmed.ac.uk/
Faculty of Public Health

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.fphm.org.uk/
The Specialist Training Authority
Website: http://www.sta-mrc.org.uk/
The Specialist Training Authority of the Medical Royal Colleges is
the United Kingdom competent authority for the purpose of spe-
cialist medical training functions and the award of the Certificate
of Completion of Specialist Training (CCST).
The British Council
Website: http://www.britcoun.org/education/
The British Medical Journal
Website: http://classified.bmj.com/
Long term and locum jobs are advertised in this journal which is
published weekly.
MED e ZONE
Website: http://www.medezone.com/
Doctors Net
Website: http://www.doctors.net.uk/

Overseas CareerAbout United Kingdom
United Kingdom
About United Kingdom
Great Britain played a leading role in developing parliamentary democ-
racy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British
Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface.
Geography
United Kingdom is located in Western Europe, islands including the
northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic
Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. The geographic coordi-
nates are 54 00 N, 2 00 W.
The total area is 244,820 sq. km.
The United Kingdom is part of the British Isles, a group of islands off the
north-west coast of Europe. The country is made up of mainly fertile
plains and rolling hills with moderate sized mountains in Scotland. The
United Kingdom has a temperate climate.
Average summer maximum is 28 C; average winter minimum is -7 C.
October to March are the wettest months and it often snows in winter.
Climate is temperate, moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the
North Atlantic Current and more than one-half of the days are overcast.

United Kingdom
Natural resources are coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore,
salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead, silica and arable land.
People
The size of the Population is 59 million.
People are called Briton(s), British is used as collective plural.
Ethnic groups are English 81%, Scottish 10%, Irish 2%, Welsh 2%, Ulster
2% and Others 3%.
Languages are English and Welsh.
Economy
Long form of the name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland and short form is United Kingdom. The Data
code is United Kingdom.
London is the Capital of United Kingdom.
The country has 47 counties, 7 metropolitan counties, 26 districts, 9
regions and 3 islands areas.
Inflation rate is 2% and Unemployment rate is 6%.

United Kingdom
Major Industries are production machinery including machine tools, elec-
tric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, ship-
building, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics, Communications
equipment, chemicals, metals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper prod-
ucts, food processing, textiles, clothing, and other consumer goods.
Major agriculture products are cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cat-
tle, sheep, poultry and fish.
Currency system is 1 British pound = 100 pence
Exchange rate is US$1 = 0.6092 British pounds.
Metric and imperial measurements are both used.
International Airports are in London Heathrow, London Gatwick, Stan-
sted, Luton International, Birmingham International, Manchester Interna-
tional, Aberdeen, Edinburgh International, Glasgow and Glasgow
Prestwick.

Overseas Career
Australia

Overseas Career
Australia Overview
Overview
The Chapter “Dentistry in Australia” gives information about the two
processes - ‘recognition’ and ‘registration’- involved in getting into Aus-
tralia as a dentist.
The Chapter “Registration” explains the process in detail. It tells you
about previous study credit, mutual recognition and other useful infor-
mation.
The Chapter titled “Examination” provides complete details about exami-
nation procedures, exam parts, fees, venue etc.
The Chapter “NOOSR” gives you the contact information and the courses
conducted by NOOSR. The chapter “Dental Council” provides the con-
tact information and other relevant information about Dental Council of
Australia.
The chapter “Dental Boards” gives the list of dental boards statewise and
territorywise whereas the chapter “Medical Boards” gives the list of Med-
ical Boards which may be handy and useful.
The Chapter “Hospitals” gives you the list of hospitals in each state and
territory. The Chapter “Job Resources” provides some important job con-
tacts.

Overseas Career
Australia Overview
The Chapter “Associations” gives you the contact information of impor-
tant dental associations and other organizations.
The Chapter “Immigration” gives official and other useful contact details.
The Chapter titled “Accommodation” helps you in getting budget accom-
modation. The Chapter “Useful Links” gives you a list of useful websites.
The Chapter “About Australia” gives you general information on Australia
like its population, climate, industry etc.

Overseas Career
Australia Dentistry in Australia
Dentistry in Australia
Australia has a federal system of government and is divided into six States
and two Territories.
The Six States are:
New South Wales
Victoria
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Western Australia
The Two Territories are:
Australian Capital Territory
Northern Territory
Each Australian State and Territory has separate legislation covering the
recognition of dental qualifications.
To practise dentistry you have to be registered with the local State or Ter-
ritory Dental Board.
Before you can start working as a Dentist, you need to complete two sep-
arate processes.

Overseas Career
The first step is Recognition of your Overseas Dental Qualification by the
Australian Dental Council. The second step is Registration with the State
Dental Board.
Recognition is the first step and common to all Overseas Trained Dentist.
Registration is applicable only to the Overseas Trained Dentist whose
qualification has already been recognised by Australian Dental Council
and who is going to work in a place that is within the jurisdiction of the
Dental Registration Board.
Generally if you are registered with one State Dental Board, you can prac-
tise freely in the other states. But, rules and regulations always change.
So, you must always contact the respective State Dental Board for current
procedures.
Dentists work in general practice or specialist practice.
Specialisation can be in one of the following principal fields:
Orthodontics
Periodontics
Paediatric (children's) dentistry
Prosthodontics
Endodontics

Overseas Career
Dentists educated and trained in Australia must meet two conditions. The
first one is that they must meet the entry requirements of one of the Aus-
tralian institutions offering dental courses, and the second one is that
they must complete the required full-time academic training leading to a
dental degree. The full-time academic training generally lasts for five
years of rigorous study.
If the above australian dentists wish to specialise, they must complete
extra study after having had necessary clinical experience.
The following Universities offer dental degree courses:
University of Adelaide
University of Melbourne
University of Queensland
University of Sydney
University of Western Australia
The qualifications awarded by these schools satisfy the formal academic
requirements for registration of all Australian Dental Boards.

Overseas Career
Australia Registration
Registration
Overseas Qualified Dentists are sometimes referred to as Overseas
Trained Dentist.
If you hold a Non- Australian qualification in Dentistry and want to enter
the profession in Australia, then you have three options.
by enrolling at an Australian dental school where you may be
granted some credit for previous study
by immediate recognition of your existing qualifications
by successfully completing the Australian Dental Council (ADC)
examinations.
Previous Study Credit
Credit and Further Study

If you are not able to take up Australian Dental Council Examination or
your qualifications are not immediately acceptable to the Board, then
your only option may be to enroll in a Dental School.
The following universities have accredited Dental Schools and offer Den-
tal courses that are immediately acceptable for Registration. You must

Overseas Career
directly contact the university where you want to take up the course for
information on credit for previous study.
Contact Addresses
University of Sydney
Admissions Officer
Faculty of Dentistry C12
The University of Sydney
NSW 2006 Australia
Phone: +61 2 9351 8308
Fax: +61 2 9351 8333
Email: admissions@dentistry.usyd.edu.au
Website: http://www.dentistry.usyd.edu.au/
Adelaide University
Faculty of Health Sciences
Medical School North
Ground Floor, Room NG45
Frome Road
Adelaide University
SA 5005

Overseas Career
Australia
Phone: +61 8 8303 5336
Fax: +61 8 8303 3788
Email: health.sciences@adelaide.edu.au
Website: http://www.health.adelaide.edu.au/
The Registrar
Dental School
St Lucia Qld 4027
Phone: +61 (7) 3365 8071
Email: dentistry@mailbox.uq.edu.au
Website: http://www.uq.edu.au/dentistry/
University of Melbourne
The Registrar
The Dental School
The University of Melbourne
Parkville Vic 3052
Email: enquiries@dent.unimelb.edu.au
Website: http://www.dent.unimelb.edu.au/

Overseas Career
Postal Address
Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry
35 Stirling Highway
Crawley, WA 6009
Australia
Physical Location
QEII Medical Centre, N Block
Nedlands, WA 6009
Australia
Phone: +61 08 9346 3876
Fax: +61 08 9346 2369
Email: dentinfo@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
Website: http://www.meddent.uwa.edu.au/prospect/default.cfm
Immediate Acceptance
UK Qualifications
Overseas Trained Dentists with a Bachelor degree obtained from the
United Kingdom or Ireland may have qualifications which may be accept-
able to Dental Registration Boards for immediate registration.

Overseas Career
The Boards maintain list of acceptable qualifications from these two
countries and you need to contact the Boards directly to find out whether
your qualification is immediately acceptable.
Mutual Recognition
Under the Mutual Recognition Act 1992, subject to certain conditions, if a
person is registered to practise an occupation in one State or Territory
they can carry out an equivalent occupation in any other State or Terri-
tory. If your qualification is not accepted in one state and it is accepted in
another state, you can register in the state where it is accepted and check
whether you can take this route.
TTMRA Recognition
Under the Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement (TTMRA) indi-
viduals registered or licensed to practise an occupation in New Zealand
are entitled to practise the equivalent occupation in any Australian State
and Territory and visa versa.
The TTMRA covers most occupations. The Mutual Recognition Act and
the TTMRA apply irrespective of where training was undertaken.To find
out if you can obtain registration under the provisions of the Mutual Rec-

Overseas Career
ognition Act or the TTMRA you should contact the relevant registration
authority in the Australian State or Territory in which you intend to prac-
tise.
As the acceptability of any dental qualification may change from time to
time, you should seek up-to-date information from the Registration
Boards.
ADC Recognition
If you cannot get registration in the above routes, then your only option is
to take up ADC examination to gain ADC recognition. The details of the
examination can be found in the next chapter.
When you complete all the parts of the examination, you will be given
ADC certificate. This will entitle you to apply for Registration with the
State Dental Board.

Overseas Career
Australia Examination
Examination
Who Conducts
The Australian Dental Council (ADC) is the organisation responsible for
assessing overseas trained dentists to enable them to obtain registration
in Australia.
Eligibility
Overseas trained dentists are eligible to undertake the ADC examination
procedure if they have completed and passed a dental degree which
included at least four years' full-time academic study at a university rec-
ognised by the ADC and are eligible for registration as a dentist in their
country of training.
Examination Procedures
The ADC examination procedures have been developed specifically to
assess the qualifications of overseas trained dentists whose qualifications
are not accepted as a basis for registration by Australian Dental Boards.

Overseas Career
Exam Parts
The examination procedure consists of three parts:
an Occupational English Test (OET);
a Preliminary Examination (Multiple Choice Questions and Short
Answer questions);
a Final Examination(clinical).
These must be taken sequentially.
Occupational English Test (OET)

A comprehensive knowledge of English is essential to the practice of den-
tistry in Australia. The OET is organised by Language Australia.
The OET assesses reading, writing, speaking and listening skills and takes
about three and a half hours to complete. If your first language is not Eng-
lish or your dental training was not carried out in English, you must
achieve a pass in all four sections of this test.
At present, the OET is held twice each year both within Australia and
overseas, in March/April and September/October.
If you want further information about the OET, you can contact Language
Australia as the following address:

Overseas Career
Language Australia Ltd
GPO Box 372F, Melbourne,
Victoria 3001
Phone: + 61 3 9926 4779
Fax: + 61 3 9926 4780
Website: http://sunsite.anu.edu.au/language-australia/index.html
You must pass this test, if applicable, or gain an exemption, before you
proceed to the Preliminary Examination.
Preliminary Examination
The Preliminary Examination is a written examination in multiple choice
and short written answer format.
It is designed to test your knowledge of the practice of dentistry and of
clinical and technical procedures as they are practised in Australia.
Previous examination papers are not available, but sample multiple
choice questions are made available to enrolled candidates.
Final Examination - Clinical

In order to be eligible to sit for the Final Examination you must pass the
Preliminary Examination.

Overseas Career
The clinical examination is held over three to six days and includes the
following three blocks:
Conservative Dentistry - Operative Dentistry and Paedodontics;
Treatment Planning - including consideration of Periodontics and
Removable Prosthodontics;
Oral Surgery, Oral Diagnosis and Radiology.
Aspects of all clinical disciplines such as Orthodontics, Oral Medicine, Oral
Pathology and Pharmacology will be included where appropriate (practi-
cal and/or theoretical and/or viva voce).
You will be examined at the same level as that reached by recent gradu-
ates from Australian universities.
Venues and Time

If you live overseas, you may take the OET and the ADC Preliminary Exam-
ination at an overseas venue. If you are in Australia, you can sit both these
examinations in any of the State capital cities and some larger provincial
centres.
The Preliminary Examination is usually held in the first week of March and
in the first week of September each year. You are allowed unlimited

Overseas Career
attempts at this examination, but a new fee must be paid for each
attempt.
The Final Examination is held only in Australia, usually twice a year in July
and November. Candidates resident outside Australia may be able to
obtain a temporary entry visa to enter Australia to attend the examina-
tion. The venue is currently in Melbourne. You are allowed two attempts
only at this Examination.
ADC Certificate
An ADC Certificate is issued upon successful completion of the ADC
examination procedure. The ADC Certificate entitles you to apply for reg-
istration to any of the Australian Dental Boards.
To obtain more information, or an application form for assessment of
your eligibility to complete the ADC examination process, you should
contact the Australian Dental Council. You must contact the dental coun-
cil to get the latest form.

Overseas Career
Fees
For current information on fees for the Eligibility Assessment, Preliminary
Examination, or Final Examination, you should contact:
Australian Dental Council
Suite 1, Level 2
112 Wellington Parade
East Melbourne 3002
Australia
Phone and Fax
Phone + 61 3 9415 1638
Fax + 61 3 9415 1669
Email Address
info@dentalcouncil.net.au
Website: http://www.dentalcouncil.net.au/
For current information on the Occupational English Test (OET) fee, you
should contact:
Language Australia Ltd
GPO Box 372F

Overseas Career
Melbourne
Victoria 3001
Australia
Phone and Fax
Phone + 61 3 9926 4779
Fax + 61 3 9926 4780
Website: http://sunsite.anu.edu.au/language-australia/index.html
Each fee for the OET, ADC Preliminary and ADC Final Examination allows
only one attempt at the examination. Withdrawal from any examination
may result in the cancellation fee being charged.
Appeals and Counselling

The Council will consider any concerns and grievances put to it in writing.
Candidates who fail the Final Examination are counselled concerning
areas which require improvement. This is done to assist the candidate
should she/he enrol for a further attempt at the examination. You may
seek advice at any stage of the examination process concerning examina-
tion format and procedure.

Overseas Career
Australia NOOSR
NOOSR
What is NOOSR?
NOOSR is the short form of National Office of Overseas Skills Recognition.
NOOSR is part of the Australian Commonwealth Department of Educa-
tion, Training and Youth Affairs (DETYA).
NOOSR works with the Australian States and Territories and professional
bodies to improve recognition procedures in Australia for the overseas
trained professionals.
NOOSR does not provide information on how to migrate or on the alloca-
tion of points under the skilled migration program; for this information
you need to contact the Department of Immigration and Multicultural
Affairs (DIMA) or your nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or
Consulate.
Contact Address
NOOSR offers a general information and referral service on overseas skills
recognition which can be accessed on 1800 020 086 between the hours

Overseas Career
Australia NOOSR
of 9am-12pm and 1.30-4.30pm (EST) Monday to Friday (toll free within
Australia only).
National Office of Overseas Skills Recognition
Postal Address
GPO Box 1407
Canberra ACT 2601
Australia
Email
noosr@detya.gov.au
Bridging Courses
Under the NOOSR Bridging Courses for the Overseas Trained Program,
assistance may be available to Australian residents preparing to meet rec-
ognition requirements for entry to their profession in Australia, such as
examinations set by professional bodies.
Further information on the Bridging Program and general eligibility
requirements may be obtained from NOOSR or the ADC.

Overseas Career
Australia NOOSR
Assistance may also be available under the Assessment Fee Subsidy for
Disadvantaged Overseas Trained Australian residents(ASDOT) to pay fees
for the examination conducted by the ADC.

Overseas Career
Australia Dental Council
Dental Council
Australia has a federal system of government and is divided into six States
and two Territories. Each Australian State and Territory has separate legis-
lation covering the recognition of dental qualifications.
To practise dentistry you have to be registered with the local State or Ter-
ritory Dental Board.
This means though your qualifications are assessed and examinations are
conducted by the Australian Dental Council, you need further registra-
tion with local states and territories.
The ADC is the assessing authority for dentists intending to apply for
migration to Australia and can be contacted for more detailed informa-
tion on assessment of dental qualifications for migration purposes.
Please note that the Australian Dental Council will respond only to ques-
tions related to registration and examination. It will not respond to ques-
tions related to immigration or employment.
Contact Details

Overseas Career
Australian Dental Council
Suite 1, Level 2
112 Wellington Parade
East Melbourne 3002
Australia
ABN 70 072 269 900
Phone and Fax
Phone + 61 3 9415 1638
Fax + 61 3 9415 1669
Email Address
info@dentalcouncil.net.au
Website: http://www.dentalcouncil.net.au/
Some Facts
The Australian Dental Council was formed in 1993 by the State and Terri-
tory Dental Boards and the Australian Dental Association (ADA).
The functions of the Australian Dental Council are:
to advise and make recommendations to State and Territory Den-
tal Boards and Dental Practice Boards in relation to the accredita-

Overseas Career
tion of Australian dental schools and of courses leading to dental
qualifications
tal Boards and Dental Practice Boards in relation to the assess-
ment of the suitability for practice in Australia of persons with
overseas dental qualifications
tal Boards and Dental Practice Boards in relation to uniform crite-
ria for recognition of qualifications for registration
to hold copies of the registers of each State and Territory Dental
Board
to provide advice on matters concerning the occupational regula-
tion, including general and specialist registration, of dentists and
para-dental personnel
to do all such other lawful things as are incidental or conducive to
the attainment of any of the above objects.
It is not a statutory body; however, the accreditation and examination
functions of the ADC are reflected in relevant State and Territory Dental
Acts and associated regulations.

Overseas Career
The main function of the ADC at establishment was to accredit Australian
University Dental Schools so that the Boards could be assured that stand-
ards are comparable throughout the Commonwealth.
The ADC functions through a series of standing Committees and Working
Parties with a wide range of expertise in dental education and practice.
The two principal standing committees are the Accreditation Committee
and the Overseas Trained Dentists Assessment and Advisory Committee.
The ADC is serviced by a secretariat located in Melbourne.

Overseas Career
Australia Dental Boards
Dental Boards
Statewise List
New South Wales
Dental Board of New South Wales
28-36 Foveaux Street
Surry Hills NSW 2010
Postal Address
PO Box K 599
Haymarket NSW 1238
Phone: 02 9281 0835
Victoria
The Dental Board of Victoria
Level 14, 114 Albert Road
South Melbourne Vic 3205
Phone: 03 9699 8011
Email: dentbv@vicnet.net.au
Queensland
Dental Board of Queensland

Overseas Career
Forestry House
Level 19, 160 Mary Street
Brisbane Qld 4000
Postal Address
GPO Box 2438
Brisbane Qld 4001
Phone: 07 3225 2518
South Australia
Dental Board of South Australia
Unit 9, 59 Fullarton Road
Kent Town SA 5067
Postal Address
PO Box 473
Kent Town SA 5067
Phone: 08 8364 5358
Tasmania
Dental Board of Tasmania
PO Box 47
New Town Tas 7008
Phone: 03 6278 9820

Overseas Career
Western Australia
The Dental Board of Western Australia
15 Rheola Street
West Perth WA 6005
Postal Address
PO Box 263
West Perth WA 6872
Phone: 08 9321 8499
Territorywise List
Northern Territory
The Dental Board of the NT
10th floor, NT House
22 Mitchell Street
Darwin NT 0800
Postal Address
PO Box 4221
Darwin NT 0801
Phone: 08 8946 9543

Overseas Career
The Dental Board of the Australian Capital Territory
PO Box 1309
Tuggeranong ACT 2900
Phone: 02 6205 1599

Overseas Career
Australia Medical Boards
Medical Boards
Though Medical Boards are not directly related with Dental Boards, many
a time you may find this contact addresses handy and useful.
Statewise List
New South Wales
New South Wales Medical Board
Off Punt Road (grounds of Gladesville Hospital)
Take Second Hospital Entrance
Gladesville NSW 2111
PO Box 104
Gladesville NSW 2111
Phone: (02) 9879 6799
Fax: (02) 9816 5307
Website: http://www.nswmb.org.au/
Queensland
The Medical Board of Queensland
19th Floor, 160 Mary Street
Forestry House

Overseas Career
Brisbane QLD 4000
GPO Box 2438
Brisbane QLD 4000
Phone: (07) 3225 2515
Fax: (07) 3225 2527
Website: http://www.medicalboard.qld.gov.au/
South Australia
Medical Board of South Australia
91 Payneham Road
St Peters SA 5069
PO Box 359
Stepney SA 5069
Phone: (08) 8362 7811
Fax: (08) 8362 7906
Tasmania
The Medical Council of Tasmania
AMA House, 2 Gore Street
South Hobart TAS 7004
PO Box 8
South Hobart TAS 7004

Overseas Career
Phone: (03) 6233 5499
Fax: (03) 6233 7986
Victoria
Medical Practitioners Board of Victoria
Level 16, 150 Lonsdale Street
Melbourne VIC 3000
GPO Box 773H
Melbourne VIC 3001
Phone: (03) 9655 0500
Fax: (03) 9655 0580
Website: http://www.mpbofv.org.au/
Western Australia
Medical Board of Western Australia
Level 1, 5 Ord Street
West Perth WA 6005
PO Box 1040
West Perth WA 6872
Phone: (08) 9481 1011
Fax: (08) 9321 1744

Overseas Career
Territorywise List
Northern Territory
Medical Board of the Northern Territory
2nd Floor Harbour View Plaza
Corner Bennett & McMinn Street
Darwin NT 0800
PO Box 4221
Darwin NT 0801
Phone: (08) 8999 4165
Fax: (02) (08) 8999 4196
Medical Board of the Australian Capital Territory
6th Floor FAI House
197 London Circuit
Civic ACT 2608
PO Box 976
Civic Square ACT 2608
Phone: (02) 6205 1598
Fax: (02) 6205 1602

Overseas Career
Australia Hospitals
Hospitals
We have provided a list of hospitals that have websites. There are many
hospitals without websites. You can use online yellow pages to get con-
tact details.
Statewise
New South Wales

Calvary Hospital
Website: http://www.wts.com.au/~calvary
Cape Hawke Community Private Hospital
Website: http://www.midcoast.com.au/prof/medical/hosp/chcph/
chcph.html
Central Sydney Area Health Service
Website: http://www.cs.nsw.gov.au/
Dalcross Private Hospital
Website: http://www.dalcross.com/

Overseas Career
Australia Hospitals
The Hills Private Hospital
Website: http://www.midcoast.com.au/prof/medical/hosp/
hills.html
Health Care of Australia
Website: http://www.hcoa.com.au/
Manning Base Hospital
Website: http://www.midcoast.com.au/prof/medical/hosp/mbh/
mbh.html
Mayo Private Hospital
Website: http://www.midcoast.com.au/prof/medical/hosp/mayo/
mayo.html
Nepean Hospital, Penrith
Website: http://members.ozemail.com.au/~pdey/ndh.htm
Westmead Hospital, Sydney
Website: http://www.westmead.nsw.gov.au/

Overseas Career
Australia Hospitals
Queensland
Wesley Park Haven Hospital
Website: http://www.parkhaven.com.au/
Princess Alexandra Hospital
Website: http://www.uq.edu.au/pahospital/pah.html
Weipa Hospital
Website: http://www.midcoast.com.au/cmsm/users/weipa.html
The Wesley Hospital
Website: http://www.wesley.com.au/
South Australia
Calvary Hospital
Website: http://www.calvarysa.com.au/

Overseas Career
Australia Hospitals
Women & Children's Hospital
Website: http://www.wch.sa.gov.au/
Tasmania
North West Regional Hospital
Website: http://www.nwrh.dhhs.tas.gov.au/
Victoria
Austin and Repatration Medical Centre
Website: http://www.austin.unimelb.edu.au/
Western Australia

Overseas Career
Australia Hospitals
Royal Perth Hospital
Website: http://www.rph.wa.gov.au/
Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
Website: http://www.scgh.health.wa.gov.au/
Territorywise

The Canberra Hospital
Website: http://xray.anu.edu.au/hospital
Calvary Hospital
Website: http://www.calvary.act.gov.au/index.html
Hospital List
HospitalWeb

Overseas Career
Australia Hospitals
Website: http://adams.mgh.harvard.edu/hospitalweb-
world.html#AUSTRALIA
The DrsReference Site
Website: http://www.drsref.com.au/aushospitals.html
Australian eMedical Directory
Website: http://www.cundle.com.au/medindex.html
Internet Hospital Directory
Website: http://www.bowyer.org.uk/hospital.htm#Australia

Overseas Career
Australia Job Resources
Job Resources
Health Job Sites

Southern Doctor
Website: http://www.southerndoctor.co.nz/ausjobs/ausjobs.htm
HealthPosts
Website: http://www.healthposts.com.au/
Monster Healthcare
Website: http://healthcare.monster.com.au/
eMJA
Website: http://www.seek.com.au/emja/jobs.htm
Global Medical Staffing
Website: http://www.southerndoctor.co.nz/recruit/gmed.htm
NSW Health Jobs
Website: http://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/healthjobs/
Health Staff

Overseas Career
Australia Job Resources
Website: http://www.healthstaff.com.au/
General Job Sites

My Career
Website: http://www.mycareer.com.au/
tmp.worldwide
Website: http://au.eresourcing.tmp.com/
CareerOne
Website: http://health.careerone.com.au/
Seek
Website: http://www.seek.com.au/

Overseas Career
Australia Associations
Associations
Dental Associations and Links

Australian Orthodontic Board
Website: http://www.aso.org.au/aob.htm
Australasian Osseointegration Society
Website: http://www.aos.org.au/
Victorian Dental Therapist Association
Website: http://web.access.net.au/~psofrono/vdta.html
edental
Website: http://edental.com.au/
DTAA
Website: http://www.uq.net.au/~zzegullo/4f_index.htm
Dental Hygienists' Association of Australia
Website: http://www.dhaa.asn.au/
ADA

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.ada.org.au/
ADA (Qld Branch)
Website: http://www.adaq.com.au/
Australian Society of Implant Dentistry
Website: http://www.asid.org.au/
University of Melbourne, School of Dental Science
Website: http://www.dent.unimelb.edu.au/
Dental Statistics and Research Unit
Website: http://www.adelaide.edu.au/socprev-dent/dsru/
University of Sydney, Dental Faculty
Website: http://www.dentistry.usyd.edu.au/
ADA (NSW Branch)
Website: http://www.adansw.com.au/
The University of Adelaide. Dentistry
Website: http://www.dentistry.adelaide.edu.au/
The Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.racds.org/
Australian Council of Professions
Website: http://www.austprofessions.com.au/
Australian Society of Orthodontists
Website: http://www.aso.org.au/
University of WA, School of Oral Health Sciences
Website: http://www.meddent.uwa.edu.au/dentistry/index.htm
University of Queensland Dental School
Website: http://www.uq.edu.au/dentistry/
ADA (Victorian Branch)
Website: http://www.adavb.com.au/
Royal Colleges
Royal Australian College of General Practitioners
Website: http://www.racgp.org.au/
Royal Australian College of Medical Administrators
Website: http://www.racma.org.au/

Overseas Career
Royal College of Pathologists of Australia
Website: http://www.rcpa.edu.au/
Royal Australasian College of Physicians
Website: http://www.racp.edu.au/
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
Website: http://www.ranzcp.org/
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Website: http://www.ranzcr.edu.au/index.htm
Royal Australasian College of Surgeons
Website: http://www.racs.edu.au
Other Professional Bodies

Australian Gynaecological Endoscopy Society
Website: http://www.ages.com.au/
Australian Medical Association
Website: http://www.ama.com.au/
Australian Military Medical Association

Overseas Career
Website: http://amma.trump.net.au/
Continence Foundation of Australia
Website: http://www.contfound.org.au/
Doctors Reform Society
Website: http://www.drs.org.au/
Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia
Website: http://www.rfds.org.au/
The Australasian College of Dermatologists
Website: http://www.dermcoll.asn.au/
Australasian College of Emergency Medicine
Website: http://www.acem.org.au/open/documents/home.htm

Overseas Career
Australia Immigration
Immigration
The official website of Australian Department of Immigration and Multi-
cultural Affairs gives all the details you require to get visa and permit.
We have also given links to some other sites which can help you in immi-
gration. You may not need the services of a consultant. Most doctors can
get visa on their own without any difficulty.
Official Resources
Australian Department of Immigration
Website: http://www.immi.gov.au/
Other Resources
Visaide
Website: http://www.visaide.com/
Alliance Consultants
Website: http://www.aaic.com.au/
Immigration Service Centre

Overseas Career
Australia Immigration
Website: http://www.isc.ican.net.au/
Immicon
Website: http://www.immigrationtoaustralia.com/
Australian Visas
Website: http://www.migrationint.com.au/
Winthrop
Website: http://www.winthropim.com.au/

Overseas Career
Australia Accommodation
Accommodation
Different types of accommodation are available to suit your needs. We
have provided a brief description and approximate cost.
Types of Accommodation
Homestay
Homestay means boarding with a local family. Some Educational Institu-
tions maintain a register of families prepared to board international stu-
dents.
Meals are usually included in the cost. Single or shared rooms may be
offered and the cost will vary accordingly.
Homestay is popular with younger students. Self-catering homestay is
sometimes available cheaply.
Australian institutions ensure that homestay families are reputable and
that accommodation is of a reasonable standard.
This type of accommodation would give you access to the Australian life-
style in a natural and friendly way. In many cases you are treated like a
member of the family.

Overseas Career
Cost will be A$150 - A$200 per week.
Full Board
Full board is similar to homestay but less formal. You can negotiate per-
sonally with the landlord the standard of accommodation and meals you
require.
Cost will be A$50 - A$150 per week depending on services provided.
Hostels and Guest Houses

Hostels are usually run by organisations such as Youth Hostels and Young
Men and Young Women Christian Associations. You will share kitchen and
bathroom facilities.
Cost will be A$80 - A$120 per week.
Share and Rental Accommodation

Houses and apartments can be rented from a real estate agent or from
private owners. They can be either furnished or unfurnished.
Many students choose to share a house or apartment with other stu-
dents. In this arrangement you would have your own bedroom but share
communal areas as well as responsibilities for keeping house.

Overseas Career
Rents vary dramatically across the country as do costs of many other liv-
ing requirements. When renting a house or apartment landlords require
rent to be paid in advance and the payment of a security bond equal to
one month’s rent. The bond is used to repair any damage done to the
property by the tenant. If no damage is incurred, the bond is returned
when the lease expires.
If you decide to rent a house or apartment a legal document usually has
to be signed between the owner of the house and the tenant (yourself).
This document, called a lease, sets down the obligations of the owner and
the tenant. The lease requires the owner to make sure all utilities are
properly installed and working and the tenant must keep the house or
apartment in a good condition.
Shared accommodation will cost A$70 - A$120 upward per week.
Rental Accommodation will cost A$100 - A$150 upward per week.
Here is a useful list of websites on Accommodation. Many of them offer
online reservation facilities.
Online Resources
BABS

Overseas Career
Website: http://babs.com.au/
Guide to Bed & Breakfast
Website: http://ibbp.com/oceana/australia.html
Homestay Online
Website: http://www.homestayonline.com.au/
Bed & Breakfast Directory
Website: http://www.bed-and-breakfast.au.com/dirdir.htm
Millett
Website: http://www.backpack.com.au
YMCA
Website: http://www.ymca.org.au/

Overseas Career
Australia Useful Links
Useful Links
The following general and medical links will be useful if you want to know
more about Australia
Medical Links
Australian Medical Association
Website: http://www.ama.com.au
Website: http://www.health.gov.au/
AusMed Publications
Website: http://www.ausmed.com.au/
Blackwell Science
Website: http://www.blacksci.co.uk/australi/default.htm
DA Information
Website: http://www.dadirect.com.au/
E-Medical Service

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.cundle.com.au/medindex.html
Australian Doctor
Website: http://www.ozdoctor.com.au/
Health Insite
Website: http://www.healthinsite.gov.au/
Australian Prescriber
Website: http://www.australianprescriber.com/
General Links
Overseas Skills Recognition
Website: http://www.detya.gov.au/noosr
Alta Vista Australia
Website: http://au.altavista.com/
Anzwers
Website: http://www.anzwers.com.au/
Looksmart
Website: http://www.looksmart.com.au/

Overseas Career
Yahoo
Website: http://www.yahoo.com.au/
NineMsn
Website: http://ninemsn.com.au/
White Pages
Website: http://www.whitepages.com.au/
Yellow Pages
Website: http://www.yellowpages.com.au/
Kangaroo
Website: http://www.kangaroo.com.au/
Yahoo Auction
Website: http://au.auctions.yahoo.com/au/
eBay Australia
Website: http://www.ebay.com.au/
Sold Auction
Website: http://www.sold.com.au/

Overseas Career
Australia About Australia
About Australia
Australia became a commonwealth of the British Empire in 1901. World's
smallest continent but sixth-largest country. Originally inhabited by Aus-
tralian aborigines, Australia was colonised by the British in 1788, and has
been a Federation since 1901.
Geography
Location is Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South
Pacific Ocean. Geographic coordinates are 27 00 S, 133 00 E.
Total area is 7,686,850 sq. km.
The climate ranges from tropical in the north to temperate in the south.
Regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as "the Doctor" occurs
along the west coast in the summer.
Natural Resources are bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium,
nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas and
petroleum. Natural Hazards are cyclones along the coast and severe
droughts.

Overseas Career
People
Population is concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts.
Total population is 19 million.
People are called Australians.
Ethnic groups are Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and others 1%.
Languages are English and native languages.
Economy
Conventional long form of Country name is Commonwealth of Australia.
Data code is AS.
Capital city is Canberra.
Administrative divisions are 6 states and 2 territories (Australian Capital
Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Aus-
tralia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia),
Inflation rate is 1.8% and Unemployment rate is 7.5%.
Major industries are mining, industrial and transportation equipment,
food processing, chemicals and steel.
Agriculture products are wheat, barley, starching, fruits; cattle, sheep and
poultry.

Overseas Career
Currency system is 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents
Exchange rate is Australian dollars ($A) per US$1 - 1.52068
Major cities are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Hobart and
Darwin.
Weights and measures system is Metric.
Electricity system is 240 AC, 50 cycles.

Overseas Career
New Zealand

Overseas Career
New Zealand Overview
Overview
The Chapter “Registration” is about the types of registrations available in
New Zealand and the conditions of eligibility for registration.
The Chapter “Examination” gives you full details about the English Exam,
NZDREX and Clinical Exam. It also gives you information on content, for-
mat, venue of the exam and useful books.
The Chapter “Hospitals” gives useful contact information of District
Health Boards in New Zealand.
The heading “Job Resources” provides some handy and useful job con-
tacts. The Chapter “Immigration” gives contact details of the excellent
official site of the Immigration Department and other resources.
The Chapter “Accommodation” helps to find a place that suits your needs.
The Chapter “Associations” gives contact details on important associa-
tions and organizations.
The Chapter “Useful Links” gives a list of websites that can be helpful.
The Chapter “About New Zealand” is about the lifestyle, people and
economy of New Zealand.

Overseas Career
New Zealand Registration
Registration
Quick Facts
To practice in New Zealand, all dentists must be registered with the Den-
tal Council of New Zealand.
The Dental Council of New Zealand is the statutory body constituted
under the Dental Act 1988 for maintaining self-regulation of the dental
profession.
So, the first step for every overseas qualified dentist is to contact the
Dental Council of New Zealand.
A person is entitled to be registered as a dentist in New Zealand if she/he:
Holds the degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery from a university
in New Zealand, or its equivalent
Has a reasonable command of English
Plans to reside and practice in New Zealand
Is considered fit to practice dentistry by the Dental Council
The Council, before authorising the registration of overseas qualified
dentists, require them to sit and pass examinations to demonstrate they
have sufficient knowledge and experience to meet the standards of safe
practice in New Zealand.

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Some dentists are not required to pass the Registration Examination con-
ducted by the Dental Council of New Zealand.
In New Zealand, there are three types of dental registration.
Registration as a Dentist
Registration as a Specialist
Dentists who are registered in Australia are also entitled to registration in
New Zealand under the Trans Tasman Mutual Recognition Act 1997.
Types of Registration
The three types of dental registration listed above are briefly described
below. They will be discussed in detail later.
Registration as a Dentist
This type of registration enables a dentist to practise in New Zealand
without supervision.
Every overseas qualified dentist must apply for this registration, unless
he/she is applying for Temporary Registration.
You must gain this Registration as a Dentist before you can apply for Reg-
istration as a Specialist.

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Registration as a Specialist
After gaining Registration as a Dentist, you can apply for Registration as a
Specialist in a branch of dentistry. You must satisfy the Council that you
have the appropriate qualifications and training to justify Registration as
a Specialist.
The Council may issue a certificate of temporary registration to a person if
that person meets certain conditions.
This certificate entitles the person to practise dentistry at a particular
institution or place subject to any restrictions and for such time as speci-
fied in the certificate.
The Council must be satisfied that the person:
Is or will be temporarily visiting New Zealand
Will practise dentistry at any institution or place in New Zealand
Has sufficient knowledge and experience to practise dentistry in
that institution or place subject to any restrictions the Council
may specify from time to time
Is fit to practise dentistry
Has a reasonable command of the English language

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Will sign a statutory declaration
The other type of registration is "Mutual Recognition Registration". Den-
tists who are registered in Australia are also entitled to registration in New
Zealand under the Trans Tasman Mutual Recognition Act 1997.
Now let us explain each type of registration in detail.
General Registration
Registration as a Dentist is sometimes called General Registration,
though the Dental Council always refers to this type as Registration as a
Dentist.
Most overseas qualified dentist must take this route to gain entry into
New Zealand.
You are required to complete an application for registration as a dentist in
New Zealand.
Each application for registration and each applicant will be considered on
a case by case basis by the Dental Council.
The Council will be guided by its policy guidelines in making its decision.
It may depart from the guidelines if the circumstances of a particular
application so require.

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Who Can Apply?
Every dentist
Who wants to practise in New Zealand as a Generalist Dentist
Who wants to practise in New Zealand as a Specialist Dentist
Who satisfies the eligibility criteria
must apply to the Dental Council.
Eligibility
The Dental Council and the Dental Act state that a person is entitled to be
registered as a dentist in New Zealand only if he/she satisfies the follow-
ing conditions:
Holds the degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery from a university
in New Zealand, or its equivalent
Has a reasonable command of English
Plans to reside and practice in New Zealand
Is considered fit to practice dentistry by the Dental Council
You are fit to practice dentistry if you
not been convicted of any offence punishable by imprisonment
for a term of 3 months or more which would adversely effect fit-
ness to practice

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are not facing any disciplinary proceedings or under any investi-
gation by any dental professional organisation
are not unable to perform professional duties satisfactorily by rea-
son of any mental or physical disability or condition
Important Considerations
In assessing whether or not an applicant meets the statutory require-
ments of the Dental Act, the Dental Council gives importance to the fol-
lowing facts:
the applicant’s course of study as compared with the Otago BDS
whether or not the applicant is a graduate of university accredited
by a sound accreditation process
whether or not the applicant has sat and passed relevant licensing
authority examinations in the country from which the dental
degree was granted
overseas registration details
immigration status
recency of practice
post graduate training
professional development
other qualifications held relevant to the practice of dentistry

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employment history
certificate of good standing from the jurisdiction/s last registered
with
referees reports
previous NZDREX pass rates of contemporaneous graduates from
the same university
details of any mental or physical disability or condition
police or Interpol checks
Evidence of English language skills
Whether or not the applicant has satisfied the Council that he or
she has sufficient knowledge of the cultural, social and legislative
framework for the delivery of care in New Zealand
These are not the only facts that are considered. If you believe, your indi-
vidual case needs consideration of some other facts, you can submit the
facts to the Dental Council.
A person is also entitled to be registered as a dentist in New Zealand
under Trans Tasman Mutual Recognition if she/he is registered as a den-
tist in an Australian state or territory.

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Persons applying for registration must forward their applications to the
Secretary of the Council.
The Registration application form must specify
Full name
Date of birth
Place of Birth
Residential Address
Professional Address
Details of Qualifications
Fees Payment Details
Particulars of Referee reports
You must go to the website of Dental Council of New Zealand and down-
load the current forms.
Documents
Overseas graduates must also provide:
A Certificate of Good Standing (no older than three months)
clearly indicating that the applicant is currently registered with an
overseas authority and that no disciplinary procedures are out-
standing against the applicant

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details of subjects taken throughout the degree and an official
transcript of their grades
a certified copy of their degree
certified copy of the personal details pages of their passport
details of relevant practice in another country
details of registration or loss of in any other country
any relevant evidence regarding English language skills
referee reports from three referees
English Competency Requirements

The Dental Act requires that applicants for registration as a dentist have a
reasonable command of the English language.
In general applicants are considered to have a reasonable standard of
English if:
English is their first language; and they have completed their pri-
mary dental training in English; or
they have passed a Council approved English test to the required
level.
In the case of applicants who do not meet the first criteria Council exam-
ines and makes a decision on any additional evidence applicants may

Overseas Career
wish to provide as to whether or not they have a reasonable command of
English.
Currently Council is investigating incorporating into the clinical examina-
tion a component covering colloquial English and other forms of commu-
nication likely to be encountered in the clinical context.
New Zealand Conditions of Practice

Council expects all registered dentists to be aware of the cultural, social
and legislative framework for the delivery of care in New Zealand.
Both New Zealand graduates and NZDREX candidates are currently
examined in these areas.
The Council is investigating the development of testing in these areas for
overseas applicants who are not required to sit and pass NZDREX.
Where Council is unable to be satisfied that an applicant has sufficient
knowledge of the cultural, social and legislative framework for the deliv-
ery of care in New Zealand, it may, in the future, require the applicant to
sit and pass an examination in this area.

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Limitation of Practice
Overseas specialists with recognised specialist qualifications cannot reg-
ister to practice their speciality in New Zealand without completing the
requirements for basic registration.
To gain registration as a dentist applicants must have sufficient knowl-
edge and experience to practise competently in all areas of dentistry.
But specialists often restrict their practice to their particular area of exper-
tise. Council, when considering such applications for registration, is often
unable to be satisfied that the applicant has sufficient knowledge and
experience to practise and therefore requires such applicants to sit and
pass registration examinations to demonstrate sufficient knowledge and
experience in all areas of dentistry.
There is a proposal, as part of the current review of the Dental Act, to
introduce legislative change to allow such people to apply to register to
practise in New Zealand as specialists under a form of registration limit-
ing their practice to that speciality.

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Specialist Registration
The Dental Council allows suitably qualified and experienced dentists to
be registered as specialists in the branch of dentistry for which they make
application.
Who Can Apply?

Only dentists who hold full registration with the Dental Council are eligi-
ble to be granted specialist registration.
The Council recommends to practitioners that up to two years be spent in
general practice prior to embarking on specialisation.
Specialities
Currently the Dental Council has granted specialist registration in the fol-
lowing branches of dentistry:
restorative dentistry
fixed prosthodontics
oral and maxillo-facial surgery
orthodontics
periodontics
endodontics

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community dentistry
hospital dentistry
paediatric dentistry (paedodontics)
oral medicine and
oral pathology
Dentists seeking specialist registration are required to complete the pre-
scribed Form for Registration as a Specialist in New Zealand and forward
to the Secretary of the Dental Council with the correct fees.
Australian Dentists seeking specialist registration under Trans Tasman
Mutual Recognition are required to complete a different form.
Please visit the website of the Dental Council of New Zealand and down-
load the current form.
The Dental Act requires that each application for specialist registration be
considered on an individual basis.
Eligibility
We have given a summary of the policy of Dental Council of New Zea-
land. The policy is a guideline only.

Overseas Career
The purpose of the policy is to provide applicants for specialist registra-
tion with an indication of the factors that may be taken into account by
the Council when considering applications for specialist registration.
Each application for specialist registration and each applicant will be con-
sidered on a case by case basis and in accordance with the provisions of
the Dental Act.
The Council will be guided by its policy guidelines in making its decision,
but it is in no way bound by the contents of its policy and may depart
from it if the circumstances of a particular application so require.
Every dentist shall be entitled to be registered as a specialist in respect of
any branch of dentistry who satisfies the Council
That he or she is the holder of a qualification approved by the
Council as appropriate for registration in respect of the branch of
dentistry in relation to which the application is made; and
That he or she has sufficient training and experience in that
branch of dentistry to justify registration as a specialist in respect
of that branch of dentistry.

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In determining whether applicants for specialist registration meet the
requirements, Council will consider:
The comparability of the qualification with the appropriate Mas-
ters degree from Otago University
The recency of the qualification
Any training and experience in the specialist field
Whether the applicant is practising that branch of dentistry at a
specialised level
Referees reports
Limitation of Practice
Overseas specialists with recognised specialist qualifications cannot reg-
ister to practice their speciality in New Zealand without completing the
requirements for basic registration.
To gain registration as a dentist applicants must have sufficient knowl-
edge and experience to practise competently in all areas of dentistry.
Given that specialists often restrict their practice to their particular area of
expertise, Council, when considering such applications for registration, is
often unable to be satisfied that the applicant has sufficient knowledge

Overseas Career
and experience to practise and therefore requires such applicants to sit
and pass registration examinations to demonstrate sufficient knowledge
and experience in all areas of dentistry.
Legislative change to allow such people to apply to register to practise in
New Zealand as specialists under a form of registration limiting their
practice to that speciality has been proposed as part of the current review
of the Dental Act.
In some eligible cases, The Dental Council of New Zealand allows Tempo-
rary Registration.
The main advantages of Temporary Registration are:
☺ Gaining entry into New Zealand is quicker than other routes
☺ The examination requirements are ignored
But there are some restrictions. They are discussed later.
The holder of a certificate of temporary registration is deemed to be reg-
istered under the Act as a dentist and their name is entered in a separate
part of the register.

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A certificate of temporary registration entitles the person to practise den-
tistry in that institution or place subject to such restrictions (if any), and
for such period, as may be specified in the certificate.
Who Can Apply?

Every Dentist
Who wants to practise in New Zealand for a limited time
Who satisfies the eligibility requirements
Who will work with restrictions imposed by the Council
Who does not want to take up Registration examination
can apply for Temporary registration.
Eligibility
The Dental Act requires that each application for temporary registration
be considered on an individual basis.
The following Dental Council of New Zealand policy is a guideline only.
The purpose of the policy is to provide applicants for temporary registra-
tion with an indication of the factors that may be taken into account by
the Council when considering applications for specialist registration.

Overseas Career
Each application for temporary registration and each applicant will be
considered on a case by case basis and in accordance with the provisions
of the Dental Act.
The Council will be guided by its policy guidelines in making its decision,
but it is not bound by the contents of its policy and may depart from it if
the circumstances of a particular application so require.
The applicant must satisfy that he/she
Is or will be temporarily visiting New Zealand and proposes to
practise dentistry at any institution or place in New Zealand
Has sufficient knowledge and experience to practise dentistry in
that institution or place subject to any restrictions the Council
may specify
Is fit to practise dentistry
Has a reasonable command of the English language
In determining whether applicants for temporary registration meet the
requirements, Council will consider:
The comparability of the qualification with the appropriate
degree from Otago University
The recency of the qualification

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Any training and experience
The purpose of the visit
The applicant’s proposed stay in New Zealand
Referees reports
Restrictions
Temporary Registration will normally be issued for a period of up to one
year in the first instance with applications for extension for a further year
to be considered on a case by case basis.
In general temporary registration will be available for a maximum period
of 3 years.
Temporary Registration extensions beyond three years will only be
approved if Council is satisfied that extraordinary circumstances exist.
The Council may require an applicant for temporary registration to sub-
mit a statutory declaration stating that they are temporarily visiting New
Zealand and indicating their intended period of stay.
If the applicant intends to reside and practice in New Zealand then the
applicant must forward an application for full registration to the Dental
Council and the Council may require the applicant to sit the registration
examinations.

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Temporary Registration will normally be restricted to allow the applicant
to only practise dentistry at a particular place or institution and may be
restricted to a specialised area of dentistry.
Temporary Specialist Registration

Temporary registrants can apply for specialist registration (for the dura-
tion of their temporary registration)
Availability
Temporary Registration is available to overseas qualified dentists who are
seeking service appointments or locum positions in independent prac-
tice subject to the Council being satisfied that the applicant has sufficient
knowledge and experience to practise dentistry.
There are other types of opportunities like an university or research hos-
pital sponsoring you. You must contact employers and institutions to
keep informed of such openings.
Applications must be with the Secretariat 2-3 weeks before the com-
mencement of practice.

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Applications must be made in the prescribed form.
You must visit the website of the Dental Council of New Zealand and
download the current form.
Applications need to be made by the clinician or the employer who will
have responsibility for the patients' follow up care. They must highlight
medico/legal issues and confirm that temporary registrants have been
advised to take out personal insurance, and state informed consent pro-
cedures.
In the case of applicants coming to New Zealand to demonstrate particu-
lar techniques or procedures, the application must state
the nature of the techniques to be demonstrated
the number of patients to be treated
the consent of the institution or clinic at which this will occur and
the experience of the applicant in the particular techniques that
will be demonstrated
Mutual Recognition Registration

This is a special type of Registration under Trans Tasman Mutual Recogni-
tion (TTMR). The candidates from Australia are the beneficiaries.

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TTMR Arrangement
The TTMRA, which is an Arrangement between New Zealand, The Com-
monwealth and all the States and Territories of Australia was signed in
July 1996. It is a natural extension of CER and enhances the freedom of
individuals to work in either country.
Under TTMRA a person who is registered as a dentist in a participating
jurisdiction in Australia is entitled, after applying to the Dental Council of
New Zealand to be registered as a dentist in New Zealand.
TTMRA is based on the principle that both parties have confidence in
each other’s regulatory systems and decision-making processes. Accord-
ingly the agreement does not directly recognise qualifications as such,
but each party’s registration regime.
Registration under the TTMRA Act is not affected by any requirements for
the attainment or possession of some qualification or experience. It is
based on the equivalence of the occupation.
The TTMRA is modelled on an existing Mutual Recognition Agreement
between the Commonwealth and the States and Territories of Australia
which has been in force since May 1992.
In order for the mutual recognition principles to apply, the parties to the
Arrangement are required to pass complementary legislation. To date

Overseas Career
New Zealand, the Commonwealth of Australia, New South Wales, Victoria,
Tasmania, Queensland, South Australia, West Australia,Northern Territory
and the Australian Capital Territory are deemed as “participating” in the
arrangement as a result of having passed implementing legislation.
The mutual recognition principle only applies to registered occupations,
which are 'equivalent'. Two occupations are taken to be equivalent if the
activities authorised to be carried out under registration are substantially
the same. Equivalence can be achieved through imposition of conditions
on registration by a registration authority or, on appeal, by the relevant
appeals body.
Registration Process
You are required to lodge a written notice with the Dental Council of New
Zealand seeking registration as a dentist in accordance with the TTMRA
principle in the prescribed form.
Please download the latest form from the website of Dental Council of
New Zealand.
Your application must:
state the occupation for which registration is sought

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state that you are currently registered to practise dentistry and
specify all the participating jurisdictions in which you are already
registered
state that registration is being sought in accordance with the
TTMR principle
state that your original registration is not cancelled or suspended
due to disciplinary action and that you are not the subject of any
such action, or in any other way prohibited or restricted from
practising dentistry
state that you are not the subject of any disciplinary proceedings
or any preliminary action that might lead to disciplinary proceed-
ings
if applicable specify any conditions imposed on your exiting regis-
tration in any of the participating jurisdictions in which you hold
registration
give consent to the Dental Council to make inquiries and
exchange information with other registration authorities regard-
ing your existing registration
be accompanied by the original or a copy of your registration
papers and practising certificate and should include a statement
certifying that the papers are authentic. The statements and other

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information contained in the notice must be verified by statutory
declaration
be accompanied by the fee of $415.00 ($90 registration fee and
$325 Annual Practicing Certificate fee)
Please note that registration may be postponed or refused if all the docu-
ments and information detailed above are not provided.
A dental specialist must first be registered as a dentist before applying
under TTMRA for registration as a specialist. Specialists seeking registra-
tion under TTMRA should therefore complete Forms A2 and B2.
Currently the Dental Council has granted specialist registration in the fol-
lowing branches of dentistry:
restorative dentistry
fixed prosthodontics
oral and maxillo-facial surgery
orthodontics
periodontics
endodontics
community dentistry
hospital dentistry
paediatric dentistry (paedodontics)
oral medicine and

Overseas Career
oral pathology
The Dental Council will acknowledge your application in writing and con-
firm that you have provided all the required documents and information.
The Council has one month after the date of lodgement of the notice to:
grant registration; or
postpone registration; or
grant registration subject to conditions necessary to achieve
equivalence
refuse registration if it decides that the occupation is not equiva-
lent
If the Dental Council neither grants, postpones nor refuses registration
before the expiry of the one month period you are entitled to substantive
registration at the end of that period.
Deemed Registration
You are deemed to have registration from the date of lodgement of the
notice and can practise dentistry pending the grant or refusal of registra-
tion.
Deemed registration will continue until:
substantive registration is granted

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registration has been refused.
Deemed registration is not affected by postponement of registration.
Substantive Registration
Substantive registration will generally be granted within one month of
the lodgement of the date of notice.
Registration may be renewed, and subject to the laws of New Zealand,
the entitlement to registration will continue whether or not your registra-
tion in your original jurisdiction ceases.
However the Dental Council of New Zealand may suspend or terminate
your registration if it becomes aware that you have had your registration
suspended or terminated in any participating jurisdiction or are other-
wise personally prohibited from practising as a result of criminal, civil or
disciplinary proceedings in any jurisdiction.
Registration Conditions
The Dental Council of New Zealand can impose conditions on substan-
tive or deemed registration but only for the following reasons:
for the purpose of imposing similar conditions on registration that
are already applying to your original registration

Overseas Career
to impose conditions to achieve equivalence
You will be advised in writing if conditions on registration are to be
imposed. The advice will set out full reasons and advise you of your right
to appeal against the decision to impose conditions.
Registration Refusal
The Dental Council of New Zealand may refuse registration if:
statements, documents or information in the written notice are
materially false or misleading; or
it decides that the occupation is not an equivalent occupation and
equivalence cannot be achieved by imposing conditions or limits
on registration.
You will be advised in writing of any decision to refuse, postpone or
impose conditions on registration. The advice will set out full reasons and
advise you of your right to appeal against the decision.
A decision to refuse registration on the grounds of lack of equivalence
does not affect your deemed registration for two weeks after you have
been notified of the decision.

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Postponement of Registration
Registration can be postponed for a period of up to 6 months (commenc-
ing from the conclusion of the period of one month after the request was
lodged) if:
any documentation necessary has not been provided; or
documentation or information is misleading or materially false; or
because your circumstances have changed since the date of the
notice; or
the Dental Council of New Zealand determines that the occupa-
tion for which registration is sought is not an equivalent occupa-
tion.
At, or before the expiry of the period of postponement of registration,
Dental Council of New Zealand may grant or refuse the registration.
If the Council neither grants nor declines registration within the 6 month
period, then you are entitled to registration immediately at the end of
that period.
Review of Decisions
If you disagree with the decision of the Dental Council of New Zealand
you can seek a review of that decision. The NZ Trans-Tasman Occupations

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Tribunal (NATOT) hears appeals relating to decisions of NZ local registra-
tion authorities.
Australia has a similar body called the Australian Appeals Tribunal (AAT)
which will hear appeals relating to decisions of Australian Local Registra-
tion authorities.
Both Tribunals are low cost review mechanisms, which, wherever possi-
ble, conduct reviews with as little formality and technicality as possible.
Outcomes of the Appeal

The Tribunal may come to two decision after reviewing the decision of
the Dental Council of New Zealand
that you are entitled to registration and, if relevant, specify or
describe conditions to achieve equivalence; or
that the two occupations are not equivalent and that you are not
entitled to registration.
However the tribunal must be satisfied that:
the activities involved in the occupations are not substantially the
same (even with the imposition of conditions)
by allowing you to practise, registration could result in a real
threat to public health and safety or the environment.

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Local registration authorities are required to give effect to Tribunal decla-
rations and act in accordance with them when considering other applica-
tions for registration.
Tribunal declarations refusing the grant of registration on the basis of a
threat to health, safety or the environments have effect for 12 months.
During this period the party in whose jurisdiction the declaration applied
must refer the matter to the relevant Ministerial Council to examine the
registration requirements for the occupation in question and determine
whether any changes to the standards applying to the occupation should
be introduced.
Annual Practising Certificate

Every person registered as a dentist must hold an annual practising certif-
icate (APC) in order to practice in New Zealand. Practising without an APC
is an offence. The holders of provisional or temporary certificates of reg-
istration are exempted from this rule.
Unregistered persons are prohibited from practising dentistry in New
Zealand except for the following:
medical practitioners in the ordinary course of their practice or in
any case where the services of a dentist are not obtainable

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any persons extracting teeth where the case is urgent or no medi-
cal practitioner or dentist is available
dentistry carried on by persons employed by the School Dental
Service or Crown Health enterprise with conditions approved by
the Director General of Health (dental therapists)
dentistry carried on by any person employed to give training in a
polytechnic to persons employed or to be employed by the school
Dental Service or a Crown Health Enterprise
Dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry
Clinical dental technicians and dental technicians
Any person giving advice on oral health, removing deposits from
teeth or applying materials to teeth for the purpose of preventing
disease or other similar work under the direction of a dentist who
is present on the premises at which the work is carried out (dental
hygienists)

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New Zealand Dental Council
Dental Council
The Dental Council of New Zealand is the statutory body constituted
under the Dental Act 1988 for maintaining self-regulation of the dental
profession.
Contact Details
For all matters regarding your registration and examination, you must
contact the Dental Council of New Zealand.
Please note that the Dental Council will not respond and can not help you
in matters related to immigration and jobs.
The Dental Council of New Zealand
Level 8, 108 The Terrace
PO Box 10-448, Wellington,
New Zealand
Phone and Fax
Phone: +64-4-4994820
Fax: +64-4-4991668

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Website: http://www.dentalcouncil.org.nz/
Email Address
inquiries@dentalcouncil.org.nz
Some Facts
The Dental Council promotes and protects the public interest in the prac-
tice of dentistry by means of the statutory responsibilities for dentists'
registration, education, professional conduct and health.
The primary focus is on dentists, the quality of care they provide and the
service they provide to consumers. The aim is to support dentists in the
practice of dentistry and encourage their continuing professional devel-
opment.
The Dental Council consists of three dentists elected by their peers and
five other persons appointed by the Minister of Health of New Zealand.
The appointed persons may include-
Two (but not more than 2) dentists; and
One (but not more than 1) person involved in teaching dentistry
The Dental Council has a number of standing committees to deal with its
principal activities.

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The Council's functions are set out in the Dental Act 1988. These are:
To advise and make recommendations to the Minister of Health
on any matter relating to the practice of dentistry
To advise the Council of any university in New Zealand on any
matter relating to the education of dentists
To receive applications for registration under the Act, and to
authorise registration in proper cases
To promote and encourage high standards of professional educa-
tion and professional conduct among dentists
To provide administrative and related services for the Dentists Dis-
ciplinary Tribunal
Generally, within the scope of its authority, to do whatever may in
its opinion be necessary for the effective administration of the Act
To perform such other functions and exercise such powers as may
be conferred on it by this Act or any other enactment

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New Zealand Examination
Examination
Generally, overseas qualified dentists will be required to pass two types of
examinations
English Examination
Dental Examination
Each of the examinations are discussed in detail in this chapter.
English Examination
The Dental Council will probably require you to demonstrate your com-
petence in English by passing an approved English test.
Council strongly advises overseas dentists to sit and pass a Council
approved English examination before attempting to sit and pass the Writ-
ten part of the New Zealand Dental Registration Examinations (NZDREX).
Pass in one of the following tests is acccepted by the Dental Council of
New Zealand:
IETLTS
TOEFL
OET

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IELTS
IELTS is the short form of International English Language Testing System
(IELTS). You need to appear for Academic Band.
The examination has four parts:
Reading
Writing
Listening
Speaking
Reading Part
This lasts for 60 minutes. It contains reading passages (total 1,500-2500
words). You must answer the questions on the passages.
Writing Part
This lasts for 60 minutes. It contains two tasks. It requires no specialist
knowledge.
Listening Part
This lasts for 30 minutes. It contains 38-42 questions. The sections I & II are
about social needs. The sections III & IV are about situations in educa-
tional and training contexts.

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Speaking Part
This lasts for 10-15 minutes. You have an oral interview (a conversation
with the examiner). The examiner assesses whether you have the knowl-
edge and skills to communicate effectively with native English speakers.
IELTS Pass Requirement

The Dental Council normally requires you to:
pass all above mentioned four parts of IELTS and
get an average score of 7 or more for IELTS (all parts) and
score at least 6 for Listening and at least 6 for Speaking.
TOEFL
TOEFL is the short form of Test of English as a Foreign Language.
There are two components in TOEFL examination
Test of Written English
Test of Spoken English
You must sit for both the Test of Written English (TWE) and the Test of
Spoken English (TSE).

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TOEFL Pass Requirement
The Dental Council normally requires you to:
score at least 570 in TOEFL, and
score at least 4 in TWE, and
score at least 50 in TSE
OET
OET is the short form of Occupational English Test.
The OET examination is available in Australia and in Australian Embassies
throughout the world.
The examination has four parts:
Reading
Writing
Listening
Speaking
OET Pass Requirement

The Dental Council normally requires you to pass all four parts of OET
(Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking).

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Result Validity
IELTS,OET or TOEFL results that are more than two years old are not valid.
If they are not valid, then you may be required to revalidate the result by
appearing for the English test again.
You must organise the IELTS, OET or TOEFL examination yourself. For your
convenience, we have given the contact details.
IELTS
OET
Language Australia
Level 2, 255 William Street (GPO BOX 372F)
Melbourne Victoria 3001
Australia
Phone: (03) 9926 4787 or (03) 9926 4788
Fax: (03) 9926 4780
TOEFL
Website: http://www.toefl.org/

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Result Submission
You must ask the examiners to send your certified results directly to the
Dental Council.
English Test Preparation

Universities and Polytechnics can provide sample questions that help to
prepare you for IELTS.
The publications below are commercially produced and designed to pre-
pare students to take IELTS tests. They are available from bookshops spe-
cialising in English language teaching materials or from the publisher.
IELTS Preparation and Practice Reading and Writing- Aca-
demic Module
By Wendy Sahanaya and Jeremy Lindeck
IALF Education for Development,
OUP, Melbourne, 1997
ISBN 019 554093 X
Prepare for IELTS Academic Modules
By Vanessa Todd and Penny Cameron
Insearch Language Centre,

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University of Technology, Sydney, 1996
Book and Cassette
ISBN 1 86365 311 2
NZDREX Written Examination
Subjects
Subjects are examined at a level equivalent to the professional examina-
tions for the Bachelor of Dental Surgery, University of Otago.
Purpose
The written examination is designed to test your knowledge and under-
standing of the scientific bases of oral health care in the general area of
preclinical health sciences (medical and oral). You should be able to dis-
cuss a wide range of issues of relevance to oral health in the biological,
physical (including biomaterial sciences) social and clinical sciences.
Format
The Written examination consists of three papers
Paper I

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Paper II
Paper III
Important Terms
Candidates should note the difference between the following three
terms frequently used in the examination:
Discuss: This means examine by argument. It involves logical critical
appraisal of an issue.
Describe: This means description of characteristics.
Write (brief) notes on: This means short sentences or phrases. Tables, lists
and/or diagrams may be used.
The last two terms, describe and write, are often used in questions that
enable students to demonstrate their breadth of knowledge.
Paper 1
Paper 1 lasts for three hours.
The question paper is set by academics in dentistry who will be assessing
your knowledge and understanding of the scientific basis of contempo-
rary clinical dentistry.

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In this paper some questions may require you to demonstrate an ability
to analyse and evaluate current knowledge.
The paper includes at least one essay question.
It includes short-answer questions also.
Paper II
Paper II lasts for three hours.
The question paper is set by dental academics and practitioners who will
assess your ability to apply evidence-based knowledge and understand-
ing in the delivery of oral health care.
You must be able to demonstrate an ability to derive solutions to a range
of problems and issues arising from clinical practice.
This paper includes at least one essay question.
It includes short-answer questions also.
Paper III
Paper III lasts approximately two hours.
The question paper is set by dental academics and practitioners to deter-
mine your ability to apply knowledge and understanding of scientific
principles to a range of clinical situations.

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The format is a presentation of visual materials (ie slides illustrating clini-
cal conditions).
The paper covers a wide range of oral and medical conditions, of both
normal and abnormal states.
It uses pre-prepared answer books with questions and spaces for short
answers.
Hall Procedures
Examinations are conducted under strict supervision.
Take only pens and pencils into the examination room. All other materials
will be supplied.
You are expected to enter the examination room fifteen minutes before
the starting time. Then you will have time to read the instructions and the
examination paper before you start.
Before the examination begins, you will be given most of the instructions
contained in this section.
You are permitted ten minutes to read the questions and these instruc-
tions.

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If you arrive more than forty-five minutes after the examination starts,
you will not be permitted to enter the examination room. (If you arrive
late, but less than forty-five minutes late, you will be permitted to sit the
examination.)
When the examination starts, first do the following:
write your name (exactly as on your Identity Card)
write the examination centre (the place where the examination is
being held)
write the date
sign the examination paper
Any candidate who breaks normal examination rules will be required to
leave the examination. That candidate will not be permitted to return to
the examination.
For the first hour after the examination starts, no candidates may leave
the room. If you wish to leave the room, you must ask the supervisor for
permission. The supervisor will take your examination script.
For the last fifteen minutes of the examination, no candidate may leave
the room.
You are not permitted to bring any of the following items into the exami-
nation room:

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any book
any written or printed matter
any electronic devices capable of storing or processing data
any blank paper
any information in any form.
If you write rough notes or rough drafts, write them in the examination
book. Draw lines across your notes: make it obvious that they are not your
real answers.
Read the instructions on the examination paper carefully. Answer the
exact questions asked on the paper.
You must write legibly. If your writing is not legible, your answers cannot
be assessed. There are no exceptions to this rule.
You may not communicate with any other candidate in the examination
room. You may not copy from another candidate's answers.
If you want to speak to the supervisor, raise one hand.
You are not permitted to communicate directly with the examiners or the
Examinations Director.
Smoking is not permitted in an examination room.
The supervisor will announce when the examination is finished.

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When the supervisor announces that the examination is finished, you
must stop writing immediately. You are not permitted to continue writing
or to add anything to your answers after this announcement.
After the examination you must give the supervisor:
all the paper you have used
and all your answer books
and the examination question paper.
If you fail to attend an examination at the specified time, inform the Den-
tal Council of New Zealand immediately.
You must obey all these rules. If you break any rule, your examination can
be cancelled.
Scoring
Papers 1, 2 and 3 are all scored out of 100 and are of equal value.
Pass and Fail

To pass the Written examination, you must gain a score of at least 50% in
each paper.
A partial pass in any paper (1,2 or 3) will be credited to the candidate.

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Candidates will be required to resit any paper where a score of less than
50% was obtained.
A pass in the Written examination is normally a prerequisite for the final
Clinical examination.
Clinical Examination
Purpose
The objective of the Clinical examination is to determine whether you can
plan, manage and deliver and evaluate oral health care for individuals
and communities.
This includes determining whether you:
are sufficiently knowledgeable about the culture of New Zealand
to understand local expectations in oral health care
understand the systems and legislative framework for the delivery
of oral health care in New Zealand
can obtain and utilise patient information
demonstrate competence in New Zealand’s preventive approach
to oral health care for individuals and the community
are competent in a wide range of interventive strategies to man-
age oral disease and disability

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can assess the effectiveness of intervention.
Format
The Clinical examination has two sections:
Section A
Section B
You must pass Section A before you can proceed to Section B.
Section A
Section A has two parts:
Part 1
Part II
Part I
This is an objective, structured, clinical examination (OSCE). It tests both
your theoretical and practical knowledge.
You are asked to reply to questions or perform a range of set tasks on clin-
ical oral care.
Typical tasks take 10 minutes.
The total examination time is 2 hours.

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Questions and tasks may include
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Prescription writing
Problems of diagnosis and treatments
based on radiographs, photographs and study models.
Part II
Part II has two components.
Practical Test
Oral Test
Part II Practical Test

This test is divided into 2 half-days and lasts for a total of 6 hours.
You simulate oral procedures using realistic manikins. You perform a wide
range of tasks and procedures in a clinical setting.
A dental assistant is provided.
Procedures may include
Operative Tasks
Periodontal Tasks
Paediatric Tasks
Prosthodontics Tasks

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Endodontic Tasks
Orthodontic Tasks
Examiners evaluate both the process and the outcomes of every task. In
other words, they evaluate the way you perform the tasks as well as the
final results.
Part II Oral Test

You will be required to sit a clinical oral examination of up to one hour.
Assessment of Section A
Your performance in Section A is assessed and evaluated at a formal
examiners' meeting.
If you are successful in Section A, you proceed to Section B.
Section B
Section B consists of clinical work with real patients.
You are asked to perform various clinical procedures for patients. Some
procedures are reversible, some are irreversible.
The procedures will normally be completed in less than one hour.

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Procedures tested may vary. However, they normally include all the fol-
lowing:
administration of analgesia
exodontia or minor oral surgery
examination, problem solving and treatment planning for
patients of different ages and states of health;
specific clinical procedures from the range expected of a general
dental practitioner in New Zealand.
Assessment of Section B
Your performance in Section B is assessed and evaluated at a formal
examiners' meeting.
Most of the details given here are current at the time of preparation of the
book. Please visit the website of the Dental Council of New Zealand or
contact them to get latest information.
You must apply for registration as a dentist in New Zealand before you
can enrol to sit the dental registration examinations.
You need to send referee report to each of your nominated referees.

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While awaiting Council's decision on your registration application, it is a
good idea to
arrange to sit an English examination and
enrol and prepare for the dental registration examinations
To enrol for the examination, you need to send appropriate form , which
is the Application to sit Dental Council Registration Examinations.
You must use the official form(s) supplied by the Dental Council.
You must send three recent colour photographs of yourself with your
application. The photographs must be passport size. They must all be
endorsed by another person as a true likeness of yourself.
Your application must be received by the closing date. If the Dental Coun-
cil receives your application after the closing date, your application will
not be accepted. You will be notified if your application arrives late.
You must send the correct fees when you apply. The Dental Council will
accept your application only if you send the full fees for each part of the
examination at the same time.
You must pay fees in New Zealand dollars. You can pay by cheque, bank-
draft or by Mastercard or Visa.
If you pay by cheque or bankdraft, please make it:
payable to the Dental Council of New Zealand

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drawn on the ANZ Bank, Midland Park, Wellington
You need to send the appropriate form , fees, 3 photographs and all the
other required documents to:
The Dental Council of New Zealand
PO Box 10 448
Wellington
New Zealand
Fax: +64 4 4991668
Phone: +64 4 4994820
A false statement can disqualify you from registration. If you deliberately
make a false statement or provide false information in your application
forms or in the documents attached:
you are committing a serious offence
you may be refused permission to sit the examination
you may be deregistered (if you are already registered)
Dates and Venues

You must always contact the Dental Council for precise dates, venues and
closing dates for the forthcoming examinations.

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Sometimes the Dental Council needs to change the format, date or place
of an examination. The Dental Council will advise all accepted applicants
promptly about any changes.
Written examinations are held in Auckland, Wellington & Dunedin. The
examination dates usually occur in February and June. For February
examination, the closing date of application falls in mid-December. For
June examination, the closing date of application falls in mid-April.
Clinical examinations are held in Dunedin only. The examination dates
usually occur in June and December. For June examination, the closing
date of application falls in late May. For December examination, the clos-
ing date of application falls in mid-October.
Dates, venues and closing dates for examinations can change. So write, e-
mail or fax the Dental Council of New Zealand requesting the very latest
details. Write early, well before the closing date.
Number of Candidates
A minimum and maximum number will be examined at each city. The
Dental Council will decide how many people may sit an examination in
any particular city. The Dental Council is entitled to refuse any applica-
tion.

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Fees
Fees are set to recover the substantial costs of conducting the examina-
tions.
For the Written Examination, you must pay the fee when you apply.
If you pass the Written examination, you will receive a Notice of Success.
On that notice is a closing date for applications to sit the Clinical examina-
tion. For the Clinical examination, send the fee before that closing date.
Fees are for one attempt only. If you sit an examination again, you must
pay the fee again.
Fees can change. Therefore, write, fax or e-mail the Dental Council asking
for the latest schedule of fees.
Repeat/Partial Pass Candidates

If you wish to repeat the Written or Clinical examination, you do not need
to send photographs a second time.
For a repeat application, you must:
apply by the closing date
use appropriate form and
include the required fee

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After Application
Shortly after the closing date for applications, the Dental Council will
acknowledge your application. The Dental Council will also advise you of
the exact time and place of the examination.
If you change your address or phone number or fax number, you must
immediately advise the Dental Council. The Dental Council often needs to
contact you quickly, to check your information or to tell you about
changes.
When you are accepted for the examination, the Dental Council will send
you an Identity Card bearing your photograph. You must take this card
into every examination. At the examinations, you must show your Iden-
tity Card whenever you are asked.
Withdrawal
Please advise the Dental Council immediately if you decide to withdraw
from the examination.
If the Dental Council is advised before the closing date, 90% of your
examination fees will be refunded.

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If the Dental Council is advised after the closing date and at least 7 days
before the first day of the examination, 80% of your examination fees will
be refunded.
If the Dental Council is advised 0-6 days before the first day of the exami-
nation, your fees will not normally be refunded. However, in exceptional
circumstances such as severe illness or urgent domestic problems, the
Dental Council may consider refunding part of your fees. In this case, you
must produce documented proof of your exceptional circumstances.
Bad Performance
If you claim that you performed badly in an examination because of ill-
ness or personal circumstances, you must do the following:
immediately advise the Dental Council
and send the Dental Council written evidence to support your
claim, including a recent Medical certificate.
Send these documents seven days after the examination, or earlier.
Medical certificates will not be accepted after the examination results are
posted.
Never communicate directly with the Examinations Director or with the
examiners. Address all questions to the Secretary of the Dental Council.

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Examination Results
Your results will be posted to you by Fastpost as soon as possible after the
examinations.
The results of the Written examinations are usually posted 4-6 weeks after
the examinations.
Results of the Clinical examination are usually posted about one week
after the examinations.
Do not communicate directly with the examiners or the Examination
Director. Address all questions to the Secretary of the Dental Council.
Examination Script
By paying an administration fee (NZ$15), you can obtain a copy of your
examination script for the Written examination (Papers 1 & 2). Your script
will merely show that the questions have been marked. Your marked
script does not report on your performance.
Recount
You can request a recount of your marks in any paper in the Written
examination. A recount means that somebody checks that your marks

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have been totalled correctly. A recount does not mean that your answers
will be assessed by another examiner.
To obtain a recount, you must:
request the recount within 14 days after results are posted
pay an administrative fee of NZ$30
Performance Report
You may request a brief general report on your performance in the Writ-
ten and Clinical examinations. This will highlight any major weaknesses in
your answers.
To obtain a report on your performance you must:
request the report within 21 days after the results are posted
pay an administrative fee of NZ$60
Validity of Passes
A pass in IELTS, OET or TOEFL is valid for two years.
A pass in the Written examination is valid for three years. This period can
sometimes be extended by the Dental Council of New Zealand.

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Test Preparation
The subjects are examined at an equivalent level to the Bachelor of Den-
tal Surgery, University of Otago.
The standard of knowledge and experience required to be shown by can-
didates in order to satisfy the examiners is equivalent to that of the New
Zealand qualifying BDS examination.
However the Dental Council takes the view that candidates would often
have completed their formal studies some time ago so that the standard
is set at the 5th year graduating level where the scope of basic sciences
and theoretical knowledge is focussed on areas directly relevant to
appropriate patient care and treatment.
The description of this course is contained in the “Summary of the Com-
petencies required for the degree of Bachelor of Dental Surgery at the
University of Otago.” Copies may be purchased from
The School of Dentistry
University of Otago
PO Box 647
Dunedin
New Zealand

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Previous Test Papers
Copies of previous written examination papers may be purchased from
the Dental Council, P O Box 10448, Wellington, New Zealand at a cost of
NZ$10.00.
You can also obtain a booklet from the above address entitled – ‘Dental
Practice in New Zealand’ which provides information for dentists on pro-
fessional bodies, codes of practice, relevant legislation and other condi-
tions of dental practice. The cost is NZ$30.00 if being mailed within New
Zealand, or NZ$60.00 if being mailed overseas.
Reference Books
A list of texts in use in New Zealand is provided below.
Candidates should note that these texts do not form the basis of the
examination but are intended as a general guide only.
For the Written Examination, the papers are NOT set directly from these
texts but if these texts (or similar) are understood, that knowledge will
meet the examination standards.
Science of Dental Medicine
Phillips, R W Skinners

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Saunders 9th 1991
Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry
Schwartz, R. et al
Quintessence 1996
Anatomy for Dental Students
Johnson, D.R & Moore, W.J
Oxford University Press 3rd 1997
Wheater’s Functional Histology
Burkitt, H.G et al (Editors)
Churchill Livingstone 3rd 1993
Biochemistry: Molecules, Cells and the Body
Dow, J et al
Addison Wesley 1996
Basic Pathology
Kumar, V et al
Saunders 5th 1992
Oral Microbiology
Marsh, P D & Martin M V

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Chapman & Hall 3rd 1992
Textbook of Dental Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Walton, J G et al
Oxford University Press 2nd 1994
A Modern Concepts in Operative Dentistry
Horsted-Bindslev, P & Mjor, I
Munkegaard 1988
Learning Performance Skills in Oral Health Care
Kirk, E J & Stirling, J A
Restorative Dentistry Dept 1992
Management of Temporomandibular Disorders and Occlusion
Okeson, J P
Mosby Year Book 3rd 1993
Boucher's Prosthodontic Treatment for Edentulous Patients
Zarb, G A et al
Mosby Year Book 10th 1990
Oral Microbiology
Marsh, P D & Martin, M V

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Chapman and Hall 3rd 1992
Oral Structural Biology
Schroeder, H (Translated by Jacobi, R)
Thieme Medical 1991
Textbook of Clinical Periodontology
Lindhe, J
Munksgaard 2nd 1985
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics
Stewart, K L et al
Ishiyaku EuroAmerica 2nd 1992
Contemporary Orthodontics
Proffit, W R et al
Mosby Year Book 2nd 1993
Oral Pathology
Soames, J V & Southam, J C
Oxford University Press 2nd 1993
Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics
Rosentiel, S F et al

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Mosby Year Book 2nd 1995
Principles and Practice of Endodontics
Walton, R E & Torabinejad, M
Saunders 2nd 1995
Child Management in Dentistry
Wright, G Z et al
John Wright 1987
Grant's Atlas of Anatomy
Agur, AMR and Lee, MJ (eds)
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Orthodontic Diagnostic Principles
Freer, JJ
Complete Denture: a Clinical Pathway
MacEntee, MI
The Quintessence
Human Histology
Stevens, A and Lowe, J

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Mosby-Year Book Europe
Phillips' Science of Dental Materials
Anusavice, KJ
Saunders
Biochemistry
Campbell, MK
Saunders
Essentials of Dental Caries
Kidd, EAM and Joyston-Bechal, S
Oxford University Press
Fundamentals of Removable Partial Dentures
Owen, CP
University of Cape Town Press
Human Physiology
Vander, AJ et al
WCB/McGraw Hill

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Courses
Refresher Course
A refresher course is run by the University of Otago, and is held at Green-
lane Hospital, Auckland over a one week period. This course is useful for
those sitting the Written Examination.
Pre-Clinical Course
A pre-clinical course is run by the University of Otago, and is held at the
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago over a one week period. This
course is useful for those sitting the Clinical Examination.

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New Zealand Fees
Fees
We have provided the fees schedule at the time of preparation of the
book. Please visit the website of the New Zealand Dental Council to get
current fees details.
Registration Related
On application for registration under section 20 NZ$ 250.00
On application for registration under section 17 NZ$ 67.50
For certificate of registration as a dentist NZ$ 22.50
For provisional certificate NZ$ 22.50
For annual practising certificate (APC) NZ$ 400.00
For application for registration under Trans Tasman Mutual Recognitions
(+ APC fee) NZ$ 90.00
On application for registration as a specialist dentist NZ$ 278.00
For certificate of temporary Registration NZ$ 225.00
For certificate of good standing NZ$ 22.50

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New Zealand Fees
Examination Related
Written examination fee NZ$ 770.00
Subsequent attempt NZ$ 565.00
To resit one paper NZ$ 188.33
To resit two papers NZ$ 376.66
Clinical Examination NZ$ 2,815.00
New Zealand Conditions of Practice Examination NZ$ 150.00
Copy of scripts NZ$ 15.00
Recount NZ$ 30.00
Report on performance NZ$ 60.00

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New Zealand Hospitals
Hospitals
New Zealand has private and public hospitals. The public hospitals are
run by organisations called District Health Boards (DHBs). Some DHBs
have one hospital, others have several. Some Health Boards do not have
websites.
District Health Boards

Most of the big hospitals are under these Health Boards. If you go to the
sites of the DHB, you will get details of the individual hospitals.
Auckland District Health Board
Healthcare House, Box 92189
Building 21, Greenlane Hospital
Auckland 1003
Phone: 64 9 307 4949
Fax: 64 9 634 0761
Website: http://www.adhb.co.nz
Canterbury District Health Board
PO Box 1600
Christchurch

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Phone: 64 3 364 0460
Fax: 64 3 364 0252
Website: http://www.cdhb.govt.nz
Capital and Coast District Health Board
Private Bag 7902
Wellington South
Phone: 64 4 385 5999
Fax: 64 4 385 5856
Website: http://www.wnhealth.co.nz
Whanganui District Health Board
Private Bag 3003
Wanganui
Phone: 64 6 348 1234
Fax: 64 6 345 1759
Website: http://www.wdhb.org.nz
Waikato District Health Board
PO Box 934
Hamilton
Phone: 64 7 839 8899
Fax: 64 7 839 4327

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Website: http://www.waikatodhb.govt.nz
Otago District Health Board
Private Bag 1921
Dunedin
Phone: 64 3 474 0999
Fax: 64 3 474 7640
Website: http://www.otagodhb.govt.nz
South Canterbury District Health Board
Private Bag 911
Timaru
Phone: 64 3 684 4000
Fax: 64 3 688 0238
Website: http://www.scdhb.co.nz
Hutt Valley District Health Board
Private Bag 31 907
Lower Hutt
Phone: 64 4 566 6999
Fax: 64 4 570 9001
The Lakes District Health Board

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Private Bag 3023
Rotorua
Phone: 64 7 348 1199
Fax: 64 7 349 7897
Website: http://www.ldhb.co.nz/
Midcentral Health
PO Box 2056
Palmerston North
Phone: 64 6 3569169
Fax: 64 6 355 0616
Website: http://www.midcentral.co.nz
Nelson Marlborough District Health Board
PO Box 18
Nelson
Phone: 64 3 546 1800
Fax: 64 3 546 9326
Website: http://www.nmhs.co.nz
Bay of Plenty District Health Board
Private Bag 12024
Tauranga

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Phone: 64 7 579 8000
Fax: 64 7 579 8366
Website: http://www.bopdhb.govt.nz
Counties Manukau District Health Board
Private Bag 93 311
Otahuhu
Phone: 64 9 276 0053
Fax: 64 9 276 0023
Website: http://www.cmdhb.org.nz
Southland District Health Board
PO Box 828
Invercargill
Phone: 64 3 2147224
Fax: 64 3 2147228
Website: http://www.southlandhealth.co.nz
Taranaki District Health Board
Private Bag 2016
New Plymouth
Phone: 64 6 7536139
Fax: 64 6 753 7780

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.thcl.co.nz
Tairawhiti District Health
Private Bag 700
Gisborne
Phone: 64 6 869 0500
Fax: 64 6 869 0542
Waitemata District Health Board
Private Bag 93 503
Takapuna
Auckland
Phone: 64 9 486 1491
Fax: 64 9 486 8908
Website: http://www.whl.co.nz
Wairarapa District Health Board
PO Box 96
Masterton
Phone: 64 6 946 9800
Email: dayml@waihealth.co.nz
Website: http://wairarapa.dhb.org.nz

Overseas Career
New Zealand Job Resources
Job Resources
Here you can find useful job related websites. Some of them are exclu-
sively for health related jobs. Others list all jobs including Medical jobs.
Sometimes, overseas dentists find it useful to to come into New Zealand
to work in a non-dentist job like dental assistant, while you are preparing
for your examination. You must be clear about your immigration status
and how this can affect your career. Most employers or recruitment con-
sultants will be able to guide you free of cost. You can also contact New
Zealand Immigration Services for friendly help.
Health Job Sites

Geneva Health International
Website: http://www.genevahealth.com
Health Recruitment New Zealand
Website: http://www.healthrecruitment.com
Gold Standard Locum
Website: http://www.locums.co.nz

Overseas Career
Southern Alps Recruitment
Website: http://www.southern-alps.com
Medlink International Recruitment Centre
Website: http://www.medlink.co.nz
Southern Doctor
Website: http://www.southerndoctor.co.nz/
General Job Sites

KiwiCareer
Website: http://www.careers.co.nz
Seek
Website: http://www.seek.co.nz
Career
Website: http://www.career.co.nz
tmp.worldwide
Website: http://nz.eresourcing.tmp.com/
New Zealand Jobs

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.nzjobs.co.nz
Working in New Zealand
Website: http://www.workingin.co.nz
Government Jobs Online
Website: http://www.jobs.govt.nz
Monster
Website: http://www.monster.co.nz

Overseas Career
New Zealand Immigration
Immigration
New Zealand Immigration Service maintains an excellent website that
gives you all the information you need. Other sites can throw more light
on immigration and may help you in getting visa.
Official Resources
New Zealand Immigration Service
Website: http://www.immigration.govt.nz
Other Resources
The Emigration Group
Website: http://www.jobfastrack.co.nz
Migration Bureau
Website: http://www.migrationbureau.com
New Zealand Immigration Guide
Website: http://www.nzimmigrationguide.co.nz

Overseas Career
New Zealand Accommodation
Accommodation
Accommodation Resources
A wide selection of private accommodation is available in New Zealand.
Most people "go flatting"- they share a house or flat with others.
Home Stay accommodation (Paying Guest Accommodation) is also com-
mon. You can stay with a local family and share common equipment and
utilities. You will pay for it.
After entering New Zealand, you can easily find a place to stay.
Check the following sites for online booking or enquiry.
Backpacker Hostels
Website: http://www.backpack.co.nz
Bed and Breakfast Club
Website: http://www.bed-and-breakfast-club.com
YMCA New Zealand
Website: http://www.ymca.org.nz

Overseas Career
New Zealand Associations
Associations
Dental Associations
New Zealand Dental Association
Website: http://www.nzda.org.nz/
Auckland Dental Association
Website: http://www.ada.co.nz/
Health Benefits
Website: http://www.hbl.co.nz/
New Zealand Association of Orthodontists
Website: http://www.orthodontists.org.nz/
Association of Salaried Medical Specialists
Website: http://www.asms.org.nz/about/aboutoct.html
Dental Technicians Board
Website: http://www.dentaltec.org.nz/
Dental Therapist Association

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.nzdta.co.nz/
Royal Colleges
Royal Australasian college of physicians
Website: http://www.racp.edu.au
Royal Australasian college of Surgeons
Website: http://www.racs.edu.au
Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners
Website: http://www.rnzcgp.org.nz
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
Website: http://www.ranzcp.org
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
PO Box 10 424
Wellington
Phone: 64 4 472 6470
Fax: 64 4 472 6474
Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia

Overseas Career
CMC Building,
89 Courtenay Place
Wellington
Phone: +64 4 801 5111
Royal New Zealand College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists
PO Box 1503
Wellington
Phone: +64 4 293 1900
Fax: +64 4 293 1934
Medical Faculties
Auckland University: Philson Library
Website: http://www.auckland.ac.nz/lbr/med/medhome.htm
Christchurch School of Medicine
Website: http://www.chmeds.ac.nz
Wellington School of Medicine
Website: http://www.wnmeds.ac.nz
University of Otago: Department of Health Science

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.otago.ac.nz/HealthScience/
Waikato Postgraduate Medicine Inc
Website: http://www.wave.co.nz/pages/wpgmi/
Goodfellow Unit at Auckland University
Website: http://www.auckland.ac.nz/goodfellow/
Professional Organisations
New Zealand Medical Association
Website: http://www.nzma.org.nz
Association of Salarised Medical Specialists
Website: http://www.asms.org.nz
Clinical Leaders' Association of New Zealand
Website: http://www.clanz.org.nz
New Zealand Dermatological Society
Website: http://www.dermnet.org.nz
New Zealand Rheumatology Association
Website: http://www.rheumatology.org.nz

Overseas Career
New Zealand Society of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery
Website: http://www.orl.org.nz
Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists
Website: http://www.anzca.edu.au
Paediatric Society of New Zealand
PO Box 10 601
Wellington
Phone: +64 4 472 6713
Fax: +64 4 472 6718
Society of Cardio-Pulmonary Technology New Zealand Inc
Department of Clinical Physiology
Greenlane Hospital
Greenlane Road West
Auckland
Phone: +64 9 638 9909
Fax: +64 9 630 8966

Overseas Career
General Associations
New Zealand Immigration Services maintains a comprehensive list of
associations in its Ethnic Communities Directory.
You will find contact information and details of many associations that
will help you happily.
Ethnic Communities Directory
Website: http://www.immigration.govt.nz/ecd/

Overseas Career
New Zealand Useful Links
Useful Links
We have provided general and medical links that will be useful if you
want to know more about New Zealand.
Dental/Medical Links
Piper
Website: http://www.piperpat.co.nz/nz/health.html
Everybody
Website: http://www.everybody.co.nz
Dental Surgeon
Website: http://www.dentalsurgeon.co.nz/
University of Otago School of Dentistry
Website: http://healthsci.otago.ac.nz/Division/dental/home.html
ANZ Dental
Website: http://www.anz-dental.com/
Health Sites

Overseas Career
Website: http://www.healthsites.co.nz/
Hospital Dentistry
Website: http://www.8.co.nz/hospitaldentistry.htm
Health Network - Find Dentists
Website: http://www.health.net.nz/directory/
index.asp?type=dentists
Dentistry Courses
Website: http://www.kiwicareers.co.nz/lists/courses/subject/
s03b01.htm
Dental Act
Website: http://www.gplegislation.co.nz/
Website: http://rangi.knowledge-basket.co.nz/gpacts/public/text/
1988/an/150.html
Dentistry Library
Website: http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/sci/health/dental.shtml

Overseas Career
Government Health Websites
National Drug Policy Website
Website: http://www.ndp.govt.nz/
This site aims to promote and communicate work being under-
taken under the National Drug Policy (NDP).
Medsafe
Website: http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/
Medsafe - the New Zealand Medicines and Medical Devices Safety
Authority - is a business unit of the Ministry of Health, and is the
authority responsible for the regulation of therapeutic products in
New Zealand. Medsafe regulates by applying a framework that
weighs up risks and benefits of medicines and medical devices,
ensures there are therapeutic benefits and manages the potential
risks associated with use of these products.
The New Zealand Health Information Service
Website: http://www.nzhis.govt.nz/
The New Zealand Health Information Service (NZHIS) is a group
within the Ministry of Health responsible for the collection and
dissemination of health-related information. The NZHIS has as its
foundation the goal of making accurate information readily avail-

Overseas Career
able and accessible in a timely manner throughout the health sec-
tor. The vision of NZHIS is to be recognised as the world leader in
the provision of health information services, and to support the
health sector's ongoing effort to improve the health status of New
Zealanders. Effective and timely use of information is crucial to
achieving this vision.
HealthEd
Website: http://www.healthed.govt.nz/
HealthEd is a Ministry of Health website where health workers and
the public can search for and request health education publica-
tions and resources from a comprehensive database.
Health Benefits
Website: http://www.hbl.co.nz/
Health Benefits undertakes a number of activities based on a Serv-
ice Level Agreement with the Ministry of Health, and also provides
information to several health agencies.
Health Research Council of New Zealand
Website: http://www.hrc.govt.nz/

Overseas Career
The HRC is the major government-funded agency responsible for
purchasing and co-ordinating health research and fostering the
health research workforce in Aotearoa New Zealand.
The Council purchases a range of health research, including bio-
medical, clinical, public health, health services, Maori and Pacific
Islands research. It also funds a range of health research career
development awards. HRC Postdoctoral Fellowships are the only
awards available to non-residents of New Zealand.
The Medical Council of New Zealand
Website: http://www.mcnz.org.nz/
The Medical Council registers doctors to practise medicine in New
Zealand. Registration is evidence that a doctor has met a certain
standard and is the means by which they achieve their primary
purpose - protecting the health and safety of New Zealanders.
NZ Guidelines Group
Website: http://www.nzgg.org.nz/
The NZGG is committed to promoting all aspects of effective prac-
tice in the NZ health and disability sector, in particular the use of
evidence-based best practice guidelines. The site contains a
number of actual guidelines, information on developing and

Overseas Career
implementing guidelines in New Zealand, and numerous links to
sites on evidence based health care and effective practice.
The New Zealand Medical Association
Website: http://www.nzma.org.nz/
The New Zealand Medical Association is the country's leading
pan-professional medical organisation. Its members come from all
disciplines within the medical profession and it is the largest doc-
tors' organisation in New Zealand. Medical practitioners regis-
tered in New Zealand and medical students enrolled at a New
Zealand university, are eligible for membership.
General Links
eBay New Zealand
Website: http://www.ebay.co.nz
Search NZ
Website: http://www.searchnz.co.nz
NZSearch
Website: http://www.nzsearch.co.nz

Overseas Career
White Pages
Website: http://www.whitepages.co.nz
Yellow Pages
Website: http://www.yellowpages.co.nz
NZ City
Website: http://www.nzcity.co.nz
Yahoo New Zealand
Website: http://au.yahoo.com
MSN
Website: http://www.msn.co.nz

Overseas Career
New Zealand About New Zealand
About New Zealand
Life Style
The standard of living in New Zealand is high. The weather is a boon and
it enables a very relaxed and a healthy life style.
The government's medical program is excellent and absolutely free for
the residents.
About 70% of the families in New Zealand have their own homes and
almost every family owns a car.
In bigger cities the New Zealanders live in high raised apartment com-
plexes but most of them live in a single-family houses where they enjoy
their small fruits and vegetable garden.
Most houses are equipped with washer/dryer, refrigerator and other
sophisticated electrical appliances.
Geography
Location, in technical words, is Oceania.The islands are in the South
Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia. The geographic coordinates are 41
00 S, 174 00 E.

Overseas Career
Total area is approximately 268700 sq. km.
Climate is temperate with sharp regional contrasts. People in New Zea-
land enjoy a subtropical climate in both North and the south Island.
Temperature is very mild all year through except for very rare moderate
seasonal and altitude variations but the weather is highly co operative
throughout the year. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year.
Natural resources are gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold,
and limestone.
Natural Hazards are earthquakes, though usually not severe, and some
volcanic activity.
People
Population is a little above 3.8 million. People are called New Zealanders.
Ethnic Groups are European Origin 79%, Maori 10%, Pacific Islander 4%
and others 7%.
English is the official language and widely spoken. Maori is the second
common language.

Overseas Career
Economy
The short data code of New Zealand is NZ.
Wellington is the capital. The major Cities are Auckland, Wellington and
Christschurch.
Inflation rate is1% and Unemployment rate is 7%.
Major industries are food processing, wood and paper products, textiles,
machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism
and mining.
Agriculture Products are wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegeta-
bles, wool, beef, dairy products and fish.
1 New Zealand dollar (New Zealand$) = 100 cents. Currency Code is NZ$.
Exchange Rate is approximately US$1.00 = NZ$2.10.

Overseas Career
Other Countries

Overseas Career
Other Countries Introduction
Introduction
We have included essential registration details, contact addresses, dental
school details and statistics for the following countries:
Argentina
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Iceland
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
South Africa
Sweden
Though the information is not much, it will be a good starting point for
many of you. We are collecting information and working on these coun-
tries. We hope to add more information in the near future.

Overseas Career
Other Countries Introduction
It is possible that some of the data are inaccurate and incorrect. If you
come across any such inaccuracies, please let us know. We will correct
them in the next edition.
For many candidates from european countries, the mutual recognition
among EU and EEA countries is a blessing.
However, the doors are not entirely closed for students from other coun-
tries. For every rule, there is always an exception. So, contact the registra-
tion authorities with your complete Curriculum Vitae and other details.
Always write to them a short letter without too many questions. That will
help you in getting a reply. If you ask questions important to you but not
to the Registration Authority, for example on accommodation, your letter
will be ignored.
Once again, please note that the information is neither complete nor elo-
borate.

Overseas Career
Other Countries Argentina
Argentina
Statistics
There are approximately 28,000 registered dentists.
There are 10 dental schools. Dental students undergo 5 years of dental
education. Every year 750 new dentists graduate from these schools.
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is District dental colleges in half of the provinces
and provincial Ministries of Health in the other half of the provinces.
Requirements
You can register if you have
Dentist diploma conferred by National Public University or by pri-
vate university in Argentina or
Dentist degree from countries with which Argentina has signed
reciprocal agreements
You are expected to have knowledge of Spanish (written and spoken).

Overseas Career
Argentina has reciprocal agreements with the following countries:
Uruguay
Bolivia
Peru
Colombia
Paraguay
Spain
You need not be a citizen of Argentina. There is no examination to com-
plete registration process.
If you hold other degrees, you have to undergo formal education in
Argentina. But, it is always a good idea to send the registration authority a
formal letter seeking advice on your particular personal situation.
Contact Resources
Confederacion Odontologica de la Republica Argentina
Riobamba 373, 2nd Floor
1025 Buenos Aires
Argentina
Phone/Fax: +45 11 4372 2135
Email: cora@house.com.ar

Overseas Career
Dental Trade and Industry Chamber of Commerce of Argen-
tina
Pasteur 765, 3rd Floor
1028 Buenos Aires
Argentina
Phone/Fax: +54 11 4953 3867

Overseas Career
Other Countries Austria
Austria
Statistics
There are 3 dental schools. Every year 150 new dentists graduate from
these schools.
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Austrian Dental Chamber.
Requirements
University degree in dentistry. Specialisation in Oral-Maxillofacial
Dentistry (Facharztprüfung ZMK) or
a similar Dental degree from countries in European Economic
Area
You are expected to have knowledge of German (written and spoken).

Overseas Career
Other Countries Austria
You must be a citizen of Austria or a country in European Economic Area.
There is no examination to complete registration process.
If you hold other degrees, you have to undergo formal education in Aus-
tria. But, it is always a good idea to send the registration authority a for-
mal letter seeking advice on your particular personal situation.
Contact Resources
Österreichische Ärztekammer Bundeskurie Zahnärzte
A-1010 Wien
Weihburggasse 10-12
Austria
Phone: +43 1 512 51 26
Fax: +43 1 512 51 26 67
Österreichischer Dentalverband
A-1010 Wien
Eschenbachgasse 11
Austria
Phone: +43 1 587 36 33
Fax: +43 1 587 01 92

Overseas Career
Other Countries Belgium
Belgium
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Belgium Ministry of Public Health.
Requirements
BDS or MDS from Belgium Dental School or
a similar Dental degree from countries in European Union
You are expected to have knowledge of French or Flemish (written and
spoken).

Overseas Career
You must be a citizen of Belgium or a country in European Union. There is
no examination to complete registration process.
If you hold other degrees, it is a good idea to send the registration
authority a formal letter seeking advice on your particular personal situa-
tion.
Contact Resources
Chambres Syndicales Dentaires
Boulevard Tirou, 25, Bt 9
B-6000 Charleroi
Belgium
Phone: +32 71 31 05 42
Fax: +32 71 32 04 13
Email: csd@skynet.be
Société de Médicine Dentaire
Maison des Dentistes
Avenue De Fré 191
B-1180 Brussels
Belgium
Phone: +32 2 375 81 75
Fax: +32 2 375 86 12

Overseas Career
Email: smd.sec@skynet.be
Website: http://www.dentiste.be/

Overseas Career
Other Countries Denmark
Denmark
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is The National Board of Health.
Requirements
You can register if you have Diploma in Dental Surgery. Further authorisa-
tion from the National Board of Health is required if a dentist wants to run
a private practice or become a Chief Dentist in the public system.
If you hold any other degree, you can apply for registration. Each individ-
ual case is considered on its merits.
You need not be a citizen of Denmark.

Overseas Career
Proficiency in Danish and English is expected.
National state examinations are not necessary for dentists from countries
belonging to the European Union. Dentists from non-EU countries are to
be evaluated by the National Health Board.
If you hold Non-EU degrees, it is a good idea to send the registration
tion.
Contact Resources
The National Board of Health
Amaliegade 13
DK-1004 Copenhagen
Denmark
The Danish Dental Association
Amaliegade 17
Postbox 143
DK-1004 Copenhagen K
Denmark
Phone: +45 70 25 77 11
Fax: +45 33 48 77 70

Overseas Career
Email: birgit.kenrad@dtf-dk.dk
Association of Public Health Dentists in Denmark
Kompagnistraede 14D
DK-1208 Copenhagen K
Denmark
Phone: +45 33 14 00 65
Fax: +45 33 14 03 24
Email: tnl@tnl.dk
Dentalbrancheforeningen
Borsen
DK-1217 Copenhagen
Denmark

Overseas Career
Other Countries Finland
Finland
Statistics
There are 3 dental schools. Dental students undergo 5 years and 6
months of dental education. Every year 120 new dentists graduate from
these schools.
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is National Board of Medico Legal Affairs.
Requirements
Licentiate in dental surgery from Finland or
similar Degrees from EU member countries
If you hold any other degree, you can apply for registration. Each individ-
ual case is considered on its merits.

Overseas Career
You need not be a citizen of Finland. Applicants outside the EU must
have a residency permit.
Proficiency in Finnish or Swedish is expected.
Registration examinations are not necessary for dentists from countries
belonging to the European Union.
Dentists from non-EU countries are to be evaluated by the National
Board of Health.
tion.
Contact Resources
National Board of Medico Legal Affairs
PO Box 265, 00531,
Helsinki, Finland
Phone: +358 939 67 28 0
Fax: +358 939 67 28 42
Finnish Dental Association
Fabianinkatu 9B
00130 Helsinki

Overseas Career
Finland
Phone: +358 9 622 0250
Fax: +358 9 622 3050
Finnish Dental Society
Bulevardi 30B
00120 Helsinki
Finland

Overseas Career
Other Countries France
France
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Conseil National de L’Order Des Chirurgiens-
Dentistes.
Requirements
State Diploma (French) of Doctor in Dental Sciences, State
Diploma (French) of Dentist or
similar Degrees from EEA countries

Overseas Career
You must be a citizen of France, EU country, EEA country, Morocco or
Tunisia.
Proficiency in French is expected.
tion.
Contact Resources
Conseil National de L’Order Des Chirurgiens-Dentistes
22, Rue Emile-Meunier
75116 Paris
France
Association Dentaire Française
7 Rue Mariotte
75017 Paris
France
Phone: +33 1 58 22 17 10
Fax: +33 1 58 22 17 40

Overseas Career
Email: adf@adf.asso.fr
Comite de Co-Ordination des Chambres Syndicales de L’Indus-
trie et de la Distribution de Negoce Dentaires (COMIDENT)
8 Rue Blance
75009 Paris Cedex 17
France
Phone: +33 1 56 79 20 20
Fax: +33 1 56 79 20 29
Email: jfseret@wanadoo.fr

Overseas Career
Other Countries Germany
Germany
Statistics
months of dental education. Every year 2,000 new dentists graduate from
these schools.
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Health Authorities of the Federal States . There
are many states and for each state there is a local authority.
Requirements
University/Faculty dental degree or
similar Degrees from Non-EU countries if equivalency test is
passed.

Overseas Career
You must be a citizen of Germany or EU country.
Proficiency in German is expected.
belonging to the European Union. If you hold Non-EU degrees, you need
to pass a registration examination.
tion.
Contact Resources
Verband der Deutschen Dentalindustrie (VDDI)
Kirchweg 2
D-50858 Köln
Germany
Féderation de L’Industrie Dentaire en Euro (FIDE)
Kirchweg 2
50858 Köln
Germany
Phone: +49 221 948 6280
Fax: +49 221 48 3428

Overseas Career
BZAK
Universitätsstraße 71
D-50931 Köln
Germany
Phone: +49 221 40010
Fax: +49 221 4001 214
Email: b.bergmann-krauss@bzaek.de

Overseas Career
Other Countries Hungary
Hungary
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Ministry of Education.
Requirements
DDS or
similar Degrees from EU member countries.
You must be a Hungarian citizen. Foreigners must be authorised by the
Ministry of Health and Medical Chamber.
Proficiency in Hungarian is expected.

Overseas Career
Other Countries Hungary
tion.
Contact Resources
The Hungarian Dental Association
Department of Periodontology
Semmelweis Medical University
Mária u 52
H-1085 Budapest
Hungary
Phone: +36 1 318 5222
Fax: +36 1 267 4907
Email: banoczy@konfog.sote.hu
Dental Section of the Hungarian Medical Chamber
Balassi Balint u. 15
H-1055 Budapest
Hungary
Phone/Fax: +36 1 153 21 88

Overseas Career
Other Countries Iceland
Iceland
Statistics
There are approximately 275 registered dentists.
There is 1 dental school. Dental students undergo 6 years of dental edu-
cation. Every year 6 new dentists graduate from the school.
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Ministry of Health .
Requirements
CAND. Odont or
similar Degrees from EU member and nordic countries
If you hold Non-EEC degree, then you may have to undergo a test.
You need not be a citizen of Iceland.
Proficiency in Icelandic is expected.

Overseas Career
Other Countries Iceland
belonging to the European Union and Nordic countries.
tion.
Contact Resources
The Icelandic Dental Association
Sidumula 35
101 Reykjavik
PO Box 8596 - 128
Iceland
Phone: +354 55 50 500
Fax: +354 57 50 501
Email: tannsi@itn.is

Overseas Career
Other Countries Netherlands
Netherlands
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is National Health Inspectorate.
Requirements
You can register if you have University/Faculty dental degree from EU
member countries.
If you hold any other degree, the Department of Health may impose a
term during which a dentist must work under the supervision of a fully
qualified dentist.

Overseas Career
Graduates from all countries have to report to the Department of Health
of the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare & Sport in order to obtain accred-
itation before registering as a dentist.
You need not be a citizen of Netherlands.
Proficiency in Dutch is expected.
tion.
Contact Resources
Dutch Dental Association (NMT)
PO Box 2000
3430 CA Nieuwegein
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 30 60 76276
Fax: +31 30 60 48994
Email: nmt@nmt.nl
Ministerie van VWS
Directie Curatieve Somatische Zorg
PO Box 5406

Overseas Career
2280 HK Rijswijk
The Netherlands
Vereniging van Groothandelaren in de Tandheelkundige
Branche (VGT)
Havenweg 24A
4131 NM Vianen
The Netherlands

Overseas Career
Other Countries Norway
Norway
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Fylkeslegen I Oslo.
Requirements
CAND. Odont or
similar Degrees from EU member and nordic countries
If you hold Non-EEC degree, then you may have to undergo a test and fur-
ther training.
You need not be a citizen of Norway.

Overseas Career
Proficiency in Norwegian is expected.
tion.
Contact Resources
Fylkeslegen I Oslo
Tordenskjoldsgt 12,
Pb 8041 Dep, N-0031 Oslo,
Norway
The Norwegian Dental Association
Postbox 3063 Elisenberg
N-0207 Olso
Norway
Phone: +47 2254 74 00
Fax: +47 225511 09
Norges Tannteknikesmesterforbund
Fred Olsensgt 1

Overseas Career
N-0512 Oslo
Norway

Overseas Career
Other Countries Portugal
Portugal
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas.
Requirements
DDS or
Proficiency in Portuguese is expected.

Overseas Career
tion.
Contact Resources
ANDEP - Associaçao Nacional de Dentistas Portugueses
Rua Pascoal de Melo 15B-2° piso
P-1100 Lisbon
Portugal
Phone: +351 21 352 6389
Fax: +351 21 352 5402/4228
Email: luisprelogio@ip.pt
OMD - Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas
Avenida Dr Antunes Guimaraes, 463
4100 Porto
Portugal
Phone: +351 2 619 76 90
Fax: +351 2 619 76 99
Email: ordem@ordemedicosdentistas.pt
Website: http://www.ordemedicosdentistas.pt/

Overseas Career
SPEMD - Sociedade Portuguesa de Estomatologia e Medicina
Dentária
Rua Prof. Fernando da Fonseca, 10-A, Escrit. 7
1600 Lisbon
Portugal
Phone: +351 21 759 39 48
Fax: +351 21 759 39 48
Email: mail.spemd@medisis.pt

Overseas Career
Other Countries South Africa
South Africa
Statistics
months of dental education. Every year 200 new dentists graduate from
these schools.
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is Health Professions Council of South Africa.
Requirements
BChD, BDS, B Deut Ther, Dipolma of Oral Hygieneor
Recognised degree from other countries
You need not be a citizen of South Africa.
Proficiency in English is expected.

Overseas Career
Other Countries South Africa
Applicants from other countries should apply to the Interim Medical and
Dental Council and are required to take a statutory examination.
Contact Resources
South African Dental Association
Private Bag 1
Houghton 2041
South Africa
Phone: +27 11 484 5288
Fax: +27 11 642 5718
Email: info@sada.co.za

Overseas Career
Other Countries Sweden
Sweden
Statistics
Registration
Authority
Registration authority is National Board of Health and Welfare.
Requirements
Degree in dentistry followed by government registration or
If you hold Non-EEC degree, then you should apply to the National Board
of Health and Welfare.
You need not be a citizen of Sweden.

Overseas Career
Other Countries Sweden
Proficiency in Swedish is expected.
tion.
Contact Resources
The Swedish Dental Association
Nybrogatan 53
Box 5843
S-102 48 Stockholm
Sweden
Phone: +46 8 666 1500
Fax: +46 8 662 5842
Email: charlotte.nackstad@tandlakarforbundet.se

Overseas Career
General
Index
A
About
Australia 544
Canada 388
New Zealand 644
United Kingdom 485
United States 313
Accommodation
Australia 537
Canada 384
New Zealand 630
United Kingdom 478
United States 308
Associations
Australia 530
Canada 372
New Zealand 631
United Kingdom 475
United States 301

Overseas Career
General
H
Hospitals
Australia 522
New Zealand 620
I
IELTS
United Kingdom 462
Immigration
Australia 535
Canada 370
New Zealand 629
United Kingdom 473
United States 296
J
Job Resources
Australia 528
Canada 381
New Zealand 626
United States 293

Overseas Career
General
M
Medical Boards
Australia 518
U
Useful Links
Australia 541
Canada 386
New Zealand 637
United Kingdom 480
United States 309

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Basic Dental Education

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