NGHIN CU TC DNG CA NG LC TRC

TRONG KT CU SN PHNG
INVESTIGATION INTO THE EFFECT OF PRE-STRESS IN TWO-WAY
FLAT-SLAB FLOORS
TRNG HOI CHNH
Trng i hc Bch khoa, i hc Nng

TM TT
Bi bo trnh by nh hng ca ng lc trc (LT) trong kt cu sn phng nhp ln nh
dn dng. Thng qua vic tnh ton so snh sn phng b tng LT v sn phng b tng
ct thp thng, c th a ra cc nhn xt v tnh kinh t trong vic la chn gii php kt
cu sn.
ABSTRACT
This article presents the effect of the pre-stress in two-way flat-slab RC floors of housing.
Through calculation and comparison of the two-way flat-slab RC floors and normal reinforce
concrete, we provide some remarks on the economical aspect for the selecting slab structure
solutions.

1. T VN
Hin nay, vi s pht trin kinh t x hi, nhu cu xy dng cc cng trnh dn dng
v cng nghip tng nhanh vi i hi ngy cng cao v m-k thut. Trong nhng nm gn
y, nhiu nh cao tng c xy dng cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, thnh ph H Ch
Minh... t ra cho ngi thit k khng nhng p ng cc yu cu v k thut m cn hiu
qu kinh t, trong c vic tnh ton thit k bn sn phng b tng ng lc trc.
cc nc c nn xy dng pht trin nh Lin X (nay l Nga), M..., kt cu sn
khng dm (cn gi l sn phng) c s dng kh rng ri. nc ta, sn nm c
bit ti t lu nhng s lng cng trnh cha nhiu. Khi kt cu sn c nhp ln, vic s
dng gii php sn b tng ct thp thng c nhiu hn ch, do b dy ln, trng lng bn
thn tng ln s lm tng ng k vng v b rng vt nt, do vy cn thit phi s dng
gii php b tng LT. Vi nhng u th nh vy, trong nhng nm ti c th kt cu dng
sn phng s c p dng rng ri hn trong cc cng trnh xy dng dn dng.
Bi bo nhm phn tch hiu qu kinh t ca sn phng b tng LT thng qua vic
nh gi so snh gii php kt cu ca sn.
2. TNH TON SO SNH KT CU SN PHNG B TNG CT THP V SN
B TNG NG LC TRC
2.1. Khi nim v sn phng
Sn phng gm c bn k trc tip ln ct. u ct c th c lm loe ra thnh m
ct bn lin kt vi ct c chc chn, m bo cng chng m thng ca bn, ng
thi lm gim nhp tnh ton ca bn v lm mmen c phn ra mt cch u n theo b
rng bn.
Ngy nay, ngi ta xy dng c nhng phng php tnh bng s mnh gii
quyt cc bi ton v mi trng lin tc. Cc phng php tnh hin i ny c s dng

mt cch c hiu qu phn tch cc kt cu bng cch s dng mt m hnh ri rc m

hnh ho kt cu thc. Trong s c th k n phng php sai phn hu hn, phng
php phn t bin, l thuyt tng ng nng lng,... v phng php phn t hu hn
(PTHH). Cc phng php ny c phn bit theo bn cht ca cch ri rc ho kt cu lin
tc. Phng php PTHH th xy dng trn c s ri rc ho v mt vt l.
2.2. Nhng vn chung v b tng ng lc trc
Cng chu ko ca b tng khng ct thp l rt nh so vi cng chu nn ca
n. Do , tng kh nng chu ko cho b tng ngui ta s dng hn hp BTCT, trong
kt hp kh nng chu ko ca ct thp v kh nng chu nn ca b tng. Tuy vy, s pht
trin ca nhng vt nt ban u trong BTCT do bin dng khc nhau ca ct thp v b tng
c l l im khi u cho s ra i ca mt loi vt liu mi l b tng LT.
Trong cu kin b tng LT, ngi ta t vo mt lc nn trc bi s ko ct thp.
Nh tnh n hi, ct thp c xu hng co li v s to nn lc nn trc. Lc nn trc ny
s gy ra ng sut nn trc trong b tng. ng sut nn trc s trit tiu hay lm gim ng
sut ko do ti trng s dng gy ra. Do vy, kh nng chu ko ca b tng s c nng cao
v hn ch s pht trin vt nt cho kt cu.
Tm li, c th ni rng b tng LT v c bn l loi b tng m ng sut bn trong
vi s phn b v gi tr ph hp c a vo nn ng sut do ngoi lc s b khng li n
mt mc mong mun.
2.3. Thit k sn phng b tng LT cng sau
Tnh ton sn phng LT cng sau theo cc tiu chun khc nhau c th a ra cc
bc tnh ton khc nhau. Tuy nhin, vic a ra mt quy trnh tnh ton hp l v khoa hc
s gip cho ngi thit k c th thun tin, d dng hn trong thao tc, trnh c nhng
nhm ln v thiu st trong thit k.
2.4. V d tnh ton
Xt h sn phng vi nhp l 8.5 m theo 2 phng. Tnh ton v so snh 2 gii php l
sn BTCT thng v sn BT ULT. Vic chn chiu dy sn nhm tho mn yu cu v chng
chc thng.
2.4.1. Sn phng BTCT (thng)
Da vo quy trnh tnh ton sn hai phng, s dng phn mm tnh ton SAFE.
S liu u vo:
-

Kch thc bn sn: (8.5m x 8.5m) gm 3 nhp, 5 bc.

Chn b dy bn gi 300mm, nhp 200mm.
Ti trng tc dng: - Hot ti: 400kG/m2

S tnh ton, kt qu s liu tnh ton (mmen, vng) c th hin trn cc

hnh v di y:

H.1- S tnh ton sn

H.2a- Biu ni lc
Mmen trn gi (T.m/m)

H.2b- Biu ni lc
Mmen dy trn gi (T.m/m)
(b cc phn t st mp gi)

H.2c- Biu ni lc
Mmen dy nhp (T.m/m)

H.3- S vng ca sn

H.4- S khng gian

Gi tr vng ca ton b sn

H.6- S vng trn nhp bin

H.5- S vng trn ton b sn

Hnh 7: BNG GI TR VNG LN NHT TI GIA NHP BIN

(UZ: vng tnh theo bin dng n hi ca BT

UZ Cracked: vng tnh theo bin dng do v nt ca BT vi h s ca ti trng di hn
ly =3, ti trng ngn hn ly =1).
KT QU TNH TON & B TR THP
Thp gi: M- 14T.m/m -> B tr 16/ a 100.
Thp nhp: M+ 6T.m/m -> B tr 14/ a 150.
2.4.2. Sn phng b tng LT cng sau (S dng phn mm ADAPT- PT7.10)
Da vo quy trnh tnh ton sn hai phng theo Tiu chun ACI, s dng phn mm
tnh ton ADAPT- PT7.10 (Lp trnh tnh ton da trn phng php khung tng ng).
Mc tiu ca bi ton l s dng cc gi tr tnh ton ( dy, vng ...) so snh
s khc nhau gia hai gii php kt cu sn khng dm BTCT thng v BT LT, thy r
nt tc dng ca ng lc trc trong h kt cu chu lc ni chung v kt cu sn ni ring,
c bit l nhng sn c kch thc trn (8.00 x 8.00m) trong nh nhiu tng.
S liu u vo: (tng t nh phng n sn phng BTCT thng)
-

Kch thc bn sn: (8.5m x 8.5m)

B dy bn 200mm
Ti trng tc dng:
* Hot ti: 400kG/m2
Cc kt qu tnh ton c th c trnh by theo cc hnh di y:

H.8- Khai bo tn v dng bi

ton

H.9- Khai bo tn phng php

tnh

H.10- Khai bo kch thc hnh hc ca sn, cu to sn, s lng nhp...

H.11- Cc kt qu tnh ton (s b tr cp, lc cng sau, biu

mmen, s vng)

BNG KT QU TNH TON & B TR THP TRONG SN LT

B tr ct thp thng (cho 1 bn), nhp 12/ a 200, trn gi 12/ a 90 (di 3m).
Chn loi cp LT T15 (cp 7 si): b tr 04 b cp- loi 5cp /b
BNG SO SNH KT QU
Da vo kt qu tnh ton ca 2 gii php sn, tin hnh so snh mt s cc ch tiu c bn,
(tnh trung bnh cho mt bn sn c kch thc nh s liu thit k).

STT

CC CH TIU

n
v

SN BTCT THNG

01

B tng

m3

8,50 x 8,50 x 0,30= 21,675

02

Ct thp thng

kg

(14: 1170+ 16: 2253)= 3423

03

Ct thp si (LT)

si

04

vng

mm

21,653

SN BT NG LC TRC
8,50 x 8,50 x 0,20 = 14,45
12: 1650
04 b cp, 5cp/b =20 cp
S dng cp T15 (cp7 si)
~ 2,000

3. NHN XT, KT LUN

Da trn kt qu so snh ca 2 v d tnh ton trn, c th rt ra mt s nhn xt sau:
1. Cu kin b tng LT c kh nng chng nt cao hn di tc dng ca ti trng
lm vic so vi cu kin BTCT c cng nhp, do c th hn ch ng k vng ca sn
khi c nhp ln.
2. S dng b tng LT c th tit kim c khi lng b tng v khi lng ct
thp so vi cu kin BTCT nhng li phi tng chi ph cho b tng cng cao, thp cng
cao, neo v cc thit b khc. Do vy, i vi cu kin nhp ln th s dng b tng LT
ni chung kinh t hn so vi cu kin BTCT v thp.
3. Vic s dng b tng v thp cng cao trong cu kin b tng LT cho php
cu kin c th mnh v nh hn so vi cu kin BTCT. Do s gim tnh ti s gim bt ti
trng thit k v chi ph cho mng.
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]

TCVN 356-2005. Kt cu b tng- b tng ct thp. Tiu chun thit k. NXB Xy dng
2005.
[2]

TCVN 2737-95. Ti trng v tc ng. Tiu chun thit k.

[3]

ACI Committee 318. Building Code Requirement for Structural Concrecte (ACI 318-02) and
Commentary (ACI 318R-02), american Concrecte Institute, Farmington Hills, MI,
2000, pp.446.
[4]

Nawy, E. G., and Chackrabarti, P. Deflection of Prestressed Concrete Flat Plates Journal of
the Prestressed Concrecte Institute, 21 (1976): 86-102.
[5]

ACI Committee 435(1974) Deflection of Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Floor Systems;

State-of-the-Art Report, Report No. ACI 435.6R-74, (Reapproved 1989), American
Concrete Institude, Detroit.
[6]

ACI Committee 435(1991) State-of-the-Art Report on Control of Two-Way Slab Deflections,

Report No. ACI 435.9R-91, American Concrete Institude, Detroit.

[7]

R. Chaussin, Calcul du Beton Precontraint (Elements Beton Precontraint), Centre des Hautes
Etudes de la Construction, France 1990.
[8]

R. Chaussin, Calcul du Beton Precontraint (Precontraint Exterieure), Centre des Hautes

Etudes de la Construction, France 1990.
[9]

Les Eurocodes, J. A. Calgaro, France 1999.

[10]

Sami Khan, Martin Williams, Post-tensioned Concrete Floors, Butterword-Heinemann Ltd

1995.