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Principles For Teaching Speaking
Principles For Teaching Speaking
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Plan speaking tasks that involve negotiation for meaning (e.g. clarification, repetition, explanation, etc.)
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Beginning learners
1. Provide something for learners to talk about something they
are interested in (i.e. identify a communicative need; a genuine purpose for interaction) 2. Create opportunities for students to interact by using pair work or group work (to reduce anxiety and reticence + to help improve learners motivation and promote choice, independence, creativity, and realism)
Intermediate learners
1. Plan speaking tasks that involve negotiation for meaning (i.e. as
learners work to make themselves understood, they must attend to accuracy right vocabulary, correct grammar, clear pronunciation, etc. > helps them notice the gap) 2. Design transactional and interpersonal speaking activities (predictable and unpredictable conversation practice) 3. Personalize the content of speaking activities whenever possible (i.e. match the learners own circumstances, interests, and goals)
Advanced learners
1. Help learners to combine fluency and accuracy (to speak creatively