t

Prstt s r

s r

r r 4 0 15 49 62 s
t rt ts t t
r 101001.100101 10010011.1110101 1011.101001 rt r
sst s s trrtr r s
s
r r r

t s r r 0 9 r

s Gray
r

r t rst
r st s rt
s st s
st
r
s s

s str s
r r r rst t rst t
s rst
s r s st r r s
t r sst t r
r
s r r
s r r
r r r r
t r r rst s r
t r r s t st r
r t
t rst t s rs t r

r r t t rst t s rs
t r rt rs
st s r r r r
n

r 2n1 r s t st s t t rst
t rst
r n 1t r

 r 2n1 r s t st s t t rst
t rst r n 1t r s rt
rs
st s r
r t t t
t

r r

r r r s

r t r r s str s s rs s 0 . . . n 1
str s s n
r i r r r s t st s r
r st i i + 1 r r

s r

r r r st s

r t s rs
s r s t st s r rt r r
s r ts st r r r
rst r t s
r
43
0
15
49
62

01000011
0000
00010101
01001001
01100010

s
01110110
0011
01001000
01111100
10010101

r
01100010
0000
00010111
01101101
01010011

01000011
0000
00011011
01001111
11000010

r r
101011B = 111110G
0
1111B = 1000G
110001B = 101001G
111110B = 100001G

Pr t r r r t rd
tr rtt t
r r
r rt
r r

r s t r s s t
s s r r t r s r
r st
r
101001.100101
10010011.1110101
1011.101001

29.94

8.71

r r
111101.010111
11011010.0001111
1110.011101

rst s sr r 34+13 35+86 1026+192

529 + 432

r r s rs r r sr r
r 1001 t t tr t t r rst
r 0110 t

34 + 13

35 + 86

1026 + 192

r
r = 47

tr r
r

tr r

r
= 121

r
tr r
r

r
r = 1218

529 + 432

tr r
r

r = 961

rt rst
r 100 101 110 011 011 100
t trs trrt rst
rst st r r
r 23 rt s r s rst
r rst
s r

r r

rst rst r t s r r

t s rst r
Hd = 1
Hd = 2
Hd = 3
trs trrt rst rst t n n
rst r s s
s r d rst Hd = 1
t n s s t s s rt
trt rst

00

01

110
010

10

111
011

100

11
000

101
001

n
Pst s st r r
r s t
rst st r r Hd = 1

 s r s s r rst 1 r 23
rt rst tr r 23 s r r
rst t t rst r
st r t rst s t r rt

23

r
Hd = 1

00100011
00100010 = 22
00100001 = 21
00100111 = 27

00110011 = 33
00000011 = 3
01100011 = 63

s
01010110
01010111 = 24
01010100 = 21

01000110 = 13
01110110 = 43

r
00110010
00110011 = 22
00110000 = 20
00110110 = 24

00100010 = 33
00010010 = 13
01110010 = 53

00100011
00100010 = 22
00100001 = 21

00101011 = 25
00110011 = 33
00000011 = 3

r r

10111B = 11100G
11101G = 10110B = 22
r 11110G = 10100B = 20
Hd = 1
11000G = 10000B = 16
10100G = 11000B = 24
01100G = 01000B = 8

t
Prstt s r s r s r rs
100101 10101011 1101011 110100101
s rst d r t s r
rs

s r rst st t rs s r
rst st r rs

s rst r st t
rs r d rs rs st t rt
r t tr t rst
P rr n trt

110
010

111
011

100
000

101
001

 Prr n trt

rs r s s r
r
s r s s r r
rst t r rs
d t rs tt
rst r Hd = 2 st
t t rs r r r rs
t r s s rst r r
s
t t r t r r
rst r r rst r t s s Hd = 2
r s r r r t r s rst s
tt rs t t rr r t
r t

Pr rst

r rst

Pr rst

r rst

st s t t rst d
r t
rst Hd = 2
Pst
rst r r s rst
st t rs dt r r
rs t s rst s rst s

rt st r t t t t t rs
rst r Pt t
s s rst r

rst m r
m = 2c + d + 1

cr rs rt dr rs tt
t
rst t r rst

r s

c = 0 d = 3 t t rs r
c = 1 d = 1 r t rs t s t rs
t rs ttt rt t
r t rs

rst r s

c = 0 d = 4 t t rs r
c = 1 d = 2 r t rs t s t rs
c = 2 d = 0 r t rs t t
t rs ttt rt t

t
rst r rs r r s d7 d6 d5 c4 d3 c2 c1 = 1011100
r s rst
stt r s rt t s rst

s r r t r t
s rst tr
t

rr
rst

s r t st s r st tr
t t r rst r r r t
i tr t s s s n = 2i 1 t
s s i tr t sttt s d = 2i i 1 r t
rr
s i = 3 r t n = 7
d = 4

d7

d6

d5

c4

d3

c2

c1

BP
BP
BP
tr t

tr t s st st s st r
tr t rst t rst rd r t tr
t 2j1 trs j 1 t trs s j t
trs r j t t
r rd t t trs r tr t
s

tr t s s r s s
t rst 1 s s st r 2
r tr t trs s t s r s
t rst 1 st t rst 1 r s
tr t
r str

r r

c1

c2

d3
d7
d5

d6

c4

r s r tr r t d tr
r t
Pst rst s 1011100 tr rrt rst tr t

t c4 rs st rst r
t c2 rs st rst r
t c1 rs st rst r
s r r s t c4 c1
trs t d7 d5 t s t t s rs
Pst t c2 trs t d7 rs rs s t
d5 Pst sr rst s rt t d5 t st
s 1001100
r trd t s rs tr
t s s tr t s rs rr 0
s t s rs rr 1 rst t
trt t s rs s
c4 c2 c1 = 101 s rs t d5

 s stt st s s Hd = 4 tr t tr
t t st t s t rst s
t sr s

d7
1

d6
0

d5
0

c4
1

d3
1

c2
0

c1
0

c0
1

Pst r i = 5 tr t s r t
st n = 31 s s r r t

d = 2i i 1 = 31 5 = 26