Atom: The fundamental building block of all the materials; it consists of a cluster protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud

of electrons Atomic Model scientist representation of an atom determined by experiment and indirect observation. Earnest Rutherford (1911) He found that whilst most Alpha particles went through the gold foil a small amount were deflected. This led to the making of the Nuclear Model. Most of the mass is believed to be contained in a small positively charged Nucleus surrounded by a large space of negative charged electrons. James Chadwick (1932) James Chadwick discovered the neutron showing that nucleus was not just a mass of positive charge but a cluster positively charge protons and charge neutral neutrons. Atomic Number: the number of protons in a nucleus; the atomic number determines what type of atom it is. Atomic Symbol: a short hand notation for describing an atom; it consists of the chemical symbol, atomic number and mass number Compound: a pure substance that is made up of two or more different types of atom chemically joined. Crystal Lattice: A grid like structure of atoms or ions where each particle is bonded to all neighbouring atoms. Electron: a small, negatively charged particle; clouds of electrons surround the nucleus of an atom. Electron configuration: the number of electrons in each of the electron shells of an atom. Element: A substance made up of only one type of atom Isotopes: atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons Anion A negatively charged ion

Cation a positively charged ion Ion: an atom that has lost or gained electrons and therefore has an electric charge Ionic Bond: a bond between a Cation and an anion due to their opposite charges. Ionic compound: a compound made up of cations and anions Alpha Decay: a nuclear reaction in which a nucleus ejects a alpha particle.