Phn ln chng ta u rt hn nhin khi kt ni vo Internet.

Chng ta cm thy Internet qu l mt kho d liu v tn v mun mt cuc sng, v khi lt qua cc trang web chng ta khng khi trm tr v s k diu, s phi thng m Internet mang li cho cuc sng ca chng ta. Nhng chng ta cng phi ht sc cnh gic. Internet, hiu mt cch hnh tng, cng ging nh x hi loi ngi. Ngha l: n cng bao gm tt c nhng g l tt l xu, l cao qu cng nh thp hm, l tht th cng nh la o... Tuy nhin chng ta li khng th sng m khng tham gia vo cng ng x hi, khng th tin hnh cuc cch mnh khoa hc cng ngh m li b qua Internet. Chnh v vy, bi vit ny c tham vng gip cc bn tng cng cc bin php bo v chnh mnh khi tham gia vo mng ton cu Internet. TO MT KHU (PASSWORD) ng bao gi to mt mt khu (password) d dng. ng bao gi t bng lng vi mnh v ng bao gi, ch v d nh m dng mt hoc hai password khi bn ng k lm thnh vin vi nhiu a ch (site) khc nhau. Nh ng dng nhng t d on ra, hy kt hp cc ch ci, cc biu tng v con s vi nhau, v nh phi to password di hn 7 k t. Bn khng nn dng ngy sinh, tn ngi yu, con ci... hoc n gin nh ABCD1234. Hy ghi nh password ca mnh nhng khng nn lu trn my tnh. Bn khng nn dng chc nng nh password v hy chu kh nhp password mi ln ng nhp. XA FILE TM CA TRNH DUYT (CACHE ) Bn khng nn gi cc file tm (cache) m trnh duyt lu gi. Cc trnh duyt lu gi cc thng tin v nhng trang m bn gh thm trong mt th mc c bit trn cng. Chc nng ny l mt con dao hai li: mt mt n nng cao tc duyt web, mt n li cho php bt c ai tip cn c my tnh ca bn cng c th bit c bn va lm g. Cho nn, li khuyn ca ti l bn nn thng xuyn xa cache. lm c iu ny trong Internet Explorer 5x v 6, bn chn Tools Internet Options. Trong th (tab) General, chn Delete Cookies (IE6), Delete Files trong phn Temporary Internet Files. Trong th Advance, di phn Security nh du vo Empty Temporary Internet Files folder when browser is closed. Cn trong Nescape, bn chn Edit Preperences. Trong cy th mc, nhn p vo Advanced chn Cache. Trong phn Cache, nhn vo Clear Memory Cache, nhn OK, ri nhn vo nt Clear Disk Cache. V HIU HA CHA S FILE (FILE AND PRINTER SHARING) Bn hy kim tra xem tnh nng ny c hot ng khng. Nu bn khng dng mng LAN (mng ni b) hoc khng c l do dc bit no s dng tnh nng ny th bn hy v hiu ha n. Tnh nng File and Printer Sharing rt hu hiu trong mt mng ni b. Tuy nhin, y li l mt cnh ca rng m cho tin tc (hacker) thm nhp vo my tnh ca bn. loi b tnh nng ny trong Win 9x, bn chn vo Control Panel, chn biu tng Network ri chn th Configuration nhn nt File and Print Sharing - ri b du kim trong c 2 ca hp thoi nu nh chng cha b loi b. Trong WinXP (Win2000 cng tng t), bn chn Control Panel - Network and Internet Connections - Network Connections Properties Networking, v b du kim khi File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks. KHNG GHI LI LCH S (HISTORY)

Tt hn ht l bn khng nn cho trnh duyt ghi li nhng a ch m bn gh thm. Nu nh bn ang dng chung mt my tnh th tnh nng ghi li lch s (History) ny qu l rt phin toi. v hiu ha tnh nng ny trong IE 5 & 6, bn chn Tools Internet Options - th General, nhn Clear History. T y, bn cng c th thit t li tnh nng History theo nh mun. Cn trong Nescape, bn chn Edit Preperences. Trong ca s Category, chn Navigator v nhn vo Clear History. QUN L COOKIES Cookie l mt chng trnh nh uc lu xung cng ca bn gip cho web site nhn ra bn khi bn gh thm nhng ln tip sau. Li dng iu ny, nhiu cookie c pht trin theo di v ghi li ton b hot ng ca bn khi bn duyt web. Nguyn tc chung l khng nn chp nhn Cookie t nhng ngun khng r danh tnh. V c bn, Win98 lu cc cookie ti \Windows\Cookies. Win2000 lu ti \Documents and Settings\....\Local Settings\Temporary Internet Files. Cn WinXP lu ti \Documents and Settings\User...\Cookies. Nescape lu cc cookie trong mt file text mang tn cookies.txt. Bn nn dng chc nng Search hoc Find ca h iu hnh (HH) tm v xa file cha cookie ny. Tuy nhin, khng phi cookie no cng c hi. i khi bn cn gi li nhng cookie c ch v vic tm xa cc cookie mt cch th cng t ra rt bt tin. Hin nay, c mt s chng trnh qun l cookie rt tt, ch cn mt hoc hai thao tc l bn c th la chn gi li nhng cookie c ch v xa ton b nhng cookie khc. Theo kinh nghim ca mnh, ti thy chng trnh Super Cleaner (V2.26) lm rt tt nhim v ny. Ngoi ra, chng trnh nh ny cn gip bn xa History ch bng mt ln nhn chut KHNG LIN LC KHI KHNG CN THIT ng n chuyn vi ngi l khi bn khng c bin php bo v no. Tt nhin, bn lun ngh mnh an ton khi lin lc vi nhng ngi bn bit. iu ny khng sai, nhng nhng k gi th rc (spammer) v cc web site nguy him li dng k h ny v dng cc phn mm b mt (hoc cng khai) ly a ch e-mail ca bn thm ch c khi bn cho rng mnh khng h l a ch e-mail. Cch tt nht trnh mi nguy him ny l khng chy cc phn mm trao i thng ip ch nn. Khi khng s dng nhng dch v ny, bn hy tt hoc thit t sao cho bn lun ch ngoi tuyn. Nu bn ang s dng AOL Instant Messenger, hy chn My Aim Edit Options Edit Preferences th Privacy. Bn cng cn v hiu ha tnh nng t ng nhn file nh km. Trong MSN Messenger (hoc Windows Messenger), chn Tools Options Preferences - b du kim khi 3 u tin. LT WEB M KHNG NGI KHC BIT Li khuyn y l hy lm cho mnh n danh trn mng. Nu bn mun du danh tnh ca mnh khi lt trn web, hy s dng mt trong nhng dch v n danh vn c rt nhiu trn Internet. Bn ng lo lng v tnh an ton c cc dch v loi ny. Hu ht, cc dch v n danh u lm vic theo mt nguyn tc ging nhau: Bn ng nhp vo web site cung cp dch v v t y bn c th i gn nh bt c u trn mng m bn thch. Dch v n danh du i a ch IP thc s ca bn, v thay vo l a ch ca chnh dch v ny. Tuy nhin tc ca cc dch v ny khng c thuyt phc lm. Trang Safeweb.com hoc phn mm Proxomitron, Anonymity 4 Proxy l nhng v d c th v dch v ny. XY DNG TNG LA (FIREWALL)

Tht l di dt nu chu du trn mng m khng c mt bc tng la (firewall) bo v. Nu bn thng xuyn kt ni Internet th iu c ngha l bn phi lun chun b i mt vi hacker. Trc khi thm nhp vo my tnh ca bn, cc hacker thng phi lm mt cng vic gi l qut a ch bng cch gi tn hiu (ping) n cc khi a ch IP vi mc ch tm xem c a ch no tr li khng. Nu c li p, tc l my ca bn ang trc tuyn, hacker s chuyn sang bc th hai l qut cc cng thm nhp vo my tnh. Nu c mt cng b pht hin ang m, hacker s ngay lp tc t nhp vo my ca bn, v thm ch nm quyn iu khin hon ton h thng. Vic qut cc cng thm nhp vo my tnh cng ging nh vic k trm iu tra xem ca chnh hay ca s nh bn c b kha khng. Tip cn Internet vi m khng c phng tin bo v nh tng la cng gng nh mt u s ra trn m khng c gip st. Cc my tnh dng Win9x lun b ku ca v kh nng phng b yu km. Tuy nhin, iu ny c Micosoft khc phc trong Win2000 v XP. Thm ch, trong WinXP cn c mt chng trnh tng la c nhn hot ng cng IE rt c hiu qu. Hin nay, ngi s dng Internet c kinh nghim thng ci t cc chng rnh tng la c nhn cho my tnh ca mnh nh: BlackIce Defender, ConSeal PC Firewall, ZoneAlarm..., nhng theo kinh nghim ca ti, bn nn dng BlackIce Defender. Chng trnh tng la ny rt d dng, ch vic ci t l xong, m hiu qu li rt cao. Cc bn dng WinXP cng c th dng chng trnh ny nhng phi nng cp ln bn tng thch vi WinXP. PHNG CHNG VIRUS Mc d ci t mt chng trnh phng chng virus thng trc s lm hao tn phn no ti nguyn h thng, song hiu qu m n em li s gip bn trnh c rt nhu nguy him, thm ch l c vic v h thng. My tnh ca mt ngi lm vic trn mng khng th khng c mt chng trnh phng chng virus thng trc v c cp nht thng xuyn. nc ta hin nay, chng trnh BKAV2002 cng ang trn ng hng mng v lm vic kh tt trn Windows. Ngoi ra, bn rt nn quan tm ti cc chng trnh c uy tn t lu nh: Norton Antivirus, McAfee VirusScan... vi rt nhiu tnh nng b tr. CN TRNG VI JAVASCRIPT Bn phi lun nh rng cng nhiu thng tin c nhn ca bn c tit l, th tnh ring t ca bn cnh d b vi phm. Mi khi bn tham gia vo mt din n, hay s dng mt dch v no , bn li b yu cu cung cp rt nhiu thng tin c nhn. Trong nhiu trng hp bn khng th khng cung cp nhng cch tt nht l cung cp cng t cng tt. i vi nhng ty chn theo kiu optional th bn nn b qua. i vi thng tin v s th tn dng, password... bn khng nn chn ch t ng nh. Ngoi ra, bn cng nn c vi a ch e-mail dng dch v Web Mail (hotmail hoc yahoo) bi v nguy c a ch e-mail ca bn b tit l cho cc hng qung co hoc spammer l rt cao. Hy thn trng khi dng a ch e-mail m ISP nh FPT hoc VDC cung cp cho bn tham gia cc dch v trn mng. Theo ti, nu din n hoc dch v m bn tham gia khng qu kht khe v tnh chnh xc ca thng tin c nhn, th bn khng nn cung cp nhng thng tin tht v mnh. BO V E-MAIL Bn nn m ha bo mt e-mail nu nh thng tin trong l b mt. Nh qun tr h thng mng, hacker, hay bt c ai c tham vng cng c th tip cn v c th ca bn. Cho nn cch tt nht trnh iu ny l m ha e-mail. ch li c c l ch bn v ngi nhn ch thc c th c c th. Nu bn ang s dng Outlook Express, hy chn Tools Options Security ri chn Restricted sites zone (More secure). Nu bn c OE6, hy chn thm Warn me whenever other applications try to send mail as me. Di th Maintenence, bn hy thm du kim vo Empty messages from the 'Delete Items' folder on exit. Trong trng hp bn t gi

th theo nh dng HTML, hy v hiu ha n bng cch chn th Send - chn Plain text di Mail (News) Sending Format. NGN CHN VIRUS LAN TRN QUA E-MAIL Cch m ti sp trnh by sau y thot nghe c v rt th cng nhng hiu qu mang li c th phn no gip bn ngn virus hoc su my tnh dng s a ch ca bn gi chnh n ti cc a ch e-mail khc. Trong Address Book, chn New - New Contact (hoc New Card trong Nescape). Trong First Name bn hy nhp 0000. Trong a ch e-mail, bn hy b trng hoc nhp mt a ch v hiu theo kiu email@123. Sau nhn Add OK. Trong trng hp, virus hoc su my tnh thm nhp vo my bn theo ng e-mail, n lp tc duyt s a ch ca bn theo th t bng ch ci v c gng gi chnh n theo th t ny. Vi tn ngi nhn ng u bng ch ci v mt a ch e-mail khng hp l, th cn gi s vn mm trong hp th i (Outbox) trn my bn v lp tc mt thng bo v a ch e-mail khng hp l xut hin. Nh bn c thi gian ngt kt ni Internet v xa tt c cc th ch gi i c nhim virus. Ngoi ra, nu bn c mt chng chng virus thng trc nh Norton Antivirus chng hn, bn c th thit t n kim tra mi th gi ti v gi i. Nh bn c th pht hin ra cc virus. M HA H THNG MNG Nhng cng c dng trn cc my ch hoc my trm hin nay khng c c mc an ton cao nh ngi dng mong mun. Bn khng nn s dng cc chng trnh nh Telnet, POP, hoc FTP nu nh password truyn qua Internet khng c mc m ha cao hoc thng tin ca bn l ti mt. Theo cch ny, nhng thng tin nhy cm cng khng nn gi qua e-mail. Bn cng cn ch thm rng bt c bin php m ha no cng i hi c my khch v my ch h tr mi c hiu lc. NG QU C TIN Bn hy cn thn vi nhng chng trnh ti xung (download) t Internet. Khng nn ci t nhng phn mm m bn ly t nhng a ch cha c kim chng hoc t ngi bit n. nhng a ch ny, rt nhiu phn mm c qung co vi nhng tnh nng hp dn li cha nhng con nga thnh Troy (Trojan) cc k nguy him trong n. Thi gian gn y c nhiu ngi dng Internet phn nn v nhng c gi in thoi ra nc ngoi m h khng h thc hin. C nhiu li gii thch cho vn ny, nhng mt trong nhng l do c bn l bn v tnh ti v my mnh mt phn mm c kh nng ngt kt ni Internet hin hnh ca bn v thc hin cuc gi ti mt s in thoi nc ngoi no . Bn cng cn phi lu , c nhng trang web t ra rt lch s khi cho bn bit phn mm ca h s ngt kt ni Internet hin hnh v thc hin cuc gi ra nc ngoi t my ca bn. Sau , trang web loi ny s hi bn c mun download hay khng bng cch a ra ty chn YES (OK) hoc NO (CANCEL). Tt nhin, phn ln ngi dng s chn NO (CANCEL). Nh vy l trang web ny ging by thnh cng. Bn u bit, thuc tnh ca nt bm YES hoc NO khng h ph thuc vo ch YES hay ch NO. Chng hon ton c th c tro i cho nhau. Ngay c mt web site c ting tm cng c th b hacker tn cng v thao tng. Cho nn, li khuyn ca ti l ng bao gi tuyt i tin vo mi th xut hin trn Internet. CP NHT H THNG THNG XUYN Bn nn thng xuyn cp nht cho h thng ca mnh. Cc bn sa li hay nng cp cho phn mm hay HH l mt iu m bn phi chp nhn khi s dng Windows. Thm ch, c WinXP va mi ra l hi cui thng 10/2001 vi ting tm ni nh cn, nhanh chng c Microsoft a ra bn sa li u tin!!! Nhng ci m thut ng chuyn mn gi l l hng (hole) ny tht khng may phn ln li do hacker pht hin ra. Ni nn na, ming v ch xut hin khi xm xe b thng. Tht l nguy him! Do vy cch tt nht hn ch thit hi trc nhng yu km ca

phn mm hay HH mt cch kp thi l ng k vo dch v tin th ca nhng din n cng ngh thng tin ng tin cy. DUYT WEB CH NGOI TUYN (OFFLINE) MI KHI C TH Tt nhin chng ta u ngt kt ni Internet mi khi khng s dng. Tuy nhin, an ton trc cc virus dng Trojan v Zombie, bn cn phi t tay tho jack cm mng khi my tnh. Trong trng hp my ch, bn hy loi b nhng dch v h thng (deamon) khng cn thit hoc t s dng. Bn cn ch rng khi mi ci HH, theo ngm nh, cc dch v h thng lun chy ch nn v hu ht cc h thng my ch u khng thng bo cho bn iu ny. Nu bn khng dng Win2000 hoc XP lm my ch th bn hy loi b tnh nng Indexing Service v Internet Information Services (ISS) vn b virus Code Red gy tai ting hi cui ma h va qua. KIM TRA CC THIT T CA INTERNET EXPLORER Bn chn Tools Internet Options Security Internet - Custom Level... v chn mc an ton thch hp cho cng vic ca bn. Trong nhiu trng hp, bn cn phi chn ch v hiu ha (Disable) tt c cc la chn, hay t nht l ch nhc (Prompt). Theo ti, bn nn chn ch v hiu ha tt c mc Restricted Sites. NGN CHN QUNG CO T XA Bn hy ci t mt phn mn ngn chn t xa cc mu qung co. Nhng chng trnh loi ny s lun gim st qu trnh ngao du trn mng ca bn, ngn chn t xa cc mu qung co (khng cho ti v my bn) cng nh ngn cn cc s dng cookies gim bt kh nng bn tr thnh mc tiu khai thc ca cc nh qung co trn Internet. Theo kinh nghim ca ti, cc chng trnh nh Pop up Zero Pro , AtGuard, AdSubtract PRO, ZoneAlarm... lm kh tt nhim v ny. HIN TH PHN M RNG CA MT TP TIN Nhn thy phn m rng ca mt tp tin s gip bn trnh c vic chy nhng chng trnh nh *. REG hay *. VBS m bn v tnh download xung my tnh ca mnh. Nhng chng trnh c phn m rng l REG hoc VBS thng c tham vng can thip vo Registry ca Windows hoc chnh l cc Trojan. Gi s, nhn thy mt file mang tn pretty_girl.jpg, bn s c th vi vng m ra xem m khng bit thc cht n l pretty_girl.jpg.exe hoc pretty_girl.jpg.vbs. hin th phn m rng ca file, bn lm nh sau: m Windows Explorer, chn Tools Folder Options View Advanced Setting, b du kim khi "Hide file extensions for known file types". Nu bn mun mc an ton cao hn v khng lo mn hnh ca mnh qu chn rn, hy chn "Show hidden files and folders". Sau , bn nhn vo nt "Like Current Folder" hoc Apply to All Folders (WinXP) ri nhn OK lm cho nhng thay i ny c hiu lc tt c cc th mc. V HIU HA PERSONAL WEB SERVER Nu bn ang s dng y cc tnh nng ca MS FrontPage, c kh nng chng trnh MS Personal Web Server (PWS) c ci t trn my ca bn. Chng trnh ny c ci t khi ng cng Windows v n lun m cng 80. thit t li PWS khi ng mi khi cn thit, bn hy to mt biu tng cho n (trn desktop chng hn). Ri khi ng chng trnh, chn th StartUp v b du kim khi "Run the Web server automatically at start up". Lm nh vy s trnh cho chng trnh ny phi lun lun hot ng v cng tit kim c phn no ti

nguyn h thng. Tt nhin, mi khi c cng vic g lin quan ti FrontPage, bn ch vic nhn chut ln biu tng PWS v chn Start t th StartUp. THAY I THIT T GHI NHN V S C H THNG Khi Windows (2000 hoc XP) gp s c, h iu hnh s to ra mt file g ri (dump) v c th t khi ng li h thng. Nhng k c gng t nhp vo h thng ca bn c th tm thy nhng thng tin v cng ng gi nh nhng password chng hn trong file dump ny. Bn cnh , hacker cng c th gy xung t cho h thng ca bn khin my tnh phi khi ng li, v ch ch c vy chng s cho chy mt Trojan khi ng hoc ginh quyn kin sot ti khon qun tr h thng. Cc him ha nu trn c th c loii b khi bn thc hin cc bc thit t li sau: Trong Win2000, hy m Control Panel, chn System Properties - Advanced - Startup and Recovery, thay i ty chn ngm nh di th "Write Debugging Information thnh None v b du kim khi "Automatically reboot". Trong WinXP bn cng lm tng t: Control Panel Performance and Maintenance System Advanced Startup and Recovery Settings... Thc ra, bn khng th c c file dump nhng bn cng c th khi phc li vic ghi cc thng tin g ri nu nh bn thc s cn c mt file dump gi cho Microsoft. NNG CAO CC THIT T AN TON KHC - Trong Win2000, m Control Panel - Users and Passwords th Advanced trong mc Secure Boot Settings, chn "Require users to press Ctrl-Alt-Delete before logging in". ng thi ny s chn ng vic cc Trojan n cp password. - Nu bn s dng Netmeeting, bn nn v hiu ha tnh nng Remote Desktop Sharing. Bn hy lm theo cc bc sau: Trong Win2000 (hoc Win9x), chn Start Programs Accessories Communicatons NetMeeting Tools - Remote desktop sharing", v b du kim khi Enable Remote desktop sharing on this computer.Trong Win2000, m Control Panel - Administrative Tools - Local Security Policy - Security Setting - Local Policies - Security Options, trong mc "Additional restrictions for anonymous connections" nhn chut phi chn "No access without explicit anonymous permissions. Mt ngi dng n danh c Windows ngm nh thuc nhm Everyone. Mc d, nhm ngi dng Everyone b hn ch nhiu kh nng, nhng lm nh trn s gip ta c thm mt lp bo v na. tng cng mc an ton, Win2000 b xung thm thit t no access khin cho nhm ngi dng Everyone hay bt c kt ni mng no khc cng tr nn v hiu nu khng c php. - trnh vic b r r tn ti khon (ngi dng thng thng v nh qun tr), bn hy lm nh hng dn bn trn (c Win2000 v XP) v chn "Do not display last name in logon screen." - trnh cho ngi dng ng nhp qua Internet truy xut CD-ROM v a mm, bn hy lm nh trn (c Win2000 v XP) v chn "Restrict CD-ROM access to locally logged-on user only"; "Restrict floppy access to locally logged-on user only. Thng qua cc thit t mi ny, bn c th trnh c vic hacker xa hoc ly cp thng tin, thm ch l ci mt virus boot (khi ng) ln a mm. Bn cng nn v hiu ha tnh nng Autorun ca CD-ROM. T Win95, Microsoft cho php CD-ROM t chy nu c dng lnh autorun trn a. Tnh nng ny t ra rt hay nhng n cng b nhng k thm nhp tri php trit li dng kch hot nhng Trojan nguy him cho d bn kha mn hnh. Trong Win9x, bn m Control Panel System System Properties Device Manager - chn CD-ROM - nhn chut phi m Properties - chn th Settings v b du kim khi Auto Insert Notification - nhn OK hon tt cng vic. Trong WinXP, m My Computer - nhn chut phi vo CD-ROM - chn Properties - chn th AutoPlay - chn Take no action, ri nhn OK hon tt cng vic.

- Bn cng nn chn "Restrict users from installing printer drivers nh cch lm trn (Win2000) trnh vic ngi khc ci nhng trnh iu khin my in m bn khng mong mun. Tuy nhin, nu mun thm hoc bt cc trnh iu khin my in, bn phi v hiu ha ty chn nu trn. - Cng theo cch trn (Win2000), bn hy b ty chn "Disable CTRL+ALT+DEL requirement for logon" lm cho "Require users to press Ctrl-Alt-Delete before logging in" trong Users and Passwords khng cn hiu lc. Rt nhiu Trojan phi v hiu ha hai ty chn trn trc khi c th nh cp password. - Cng vo Administrative Tools - Local Security Policy - Local Policies - Security Options, bn nn chn "Clear virtual memory pagefile when system shuts down" trong Win2000 hoc Clear Virtual memory pagefile trong WinXP. Nh chng ta u bit, Windows dng file page (Win2000, XP) hoc swap (Win98) (tp tin hon i) trn a cng nh m b nh RAM th hai. Chn "Clear virtual memory pagefile when system shuts down" khng ch c ch trong mt s trng hp hy hu nh mt cp cng hoc my xch tay, m cn khin cho hacker khng th t mt phn t cm nhn no trong file page thu thp cc password hoc s th tn dng hay nhng thng tin quan trng khc ca bn. - Khi mua mt my tnh dng ri, trnh nhng ri ro sau ny, tt nht l bn nn nh dng li a cng v ci t sch (clean) li HH. LI KT Nu nh bn p dng cc li khuyn nu trn, m bo rng vic lt trn Internet ca bn s nhanh hn, an ton hn, b mt hn v t phin toi hn. Tuy nhin, trn y ch l nhng li khuyn. iu c ngha l bn hon ton c th la chn mc an ton sao cho ph hp vi yu cu ca mnh. Ngoi ra vic khm ph th gii my tnh v mng s em li cho bn nhiu bt ng th v cng nh nhng hiu bit qu bu gip bn vng bc hn trn con ng hng ti tng lai. Chc cc bn thnh cng! Nguyn Vit Khoa Khoa Ngoi ng i hc Bch khoa H Ni E-mail: vietkhoabk@hotmail.com

Hy cn trng khi lt Web

Internet l mt ni nguy him, y nhng k u c trc li lc no cng lm le bn d liu c nhn ca bn cho nhng k mi gii thng tin v cng khng thiu nhng k ti phm ch trc nh cp s An sinh x hi ca bn, dng th tn dng ca bn mua sm. Cho d bn ang mua sm trn mng hay ang chat vi ngi thn, bn cn phi thn trng bo v nhng thng tin c nhn ca mnh. bo v chnh mnh, bn ch cn c nhn thc v nhng mi e da tim tng v bit cch phng v. Bi vit ny s cung cp cho bn nhng kin thc cn thit bo v cc thng tin c nhn. Giu nh danh Trc khi lm iu g trn mng, bn cn ghi nh nhng iu sau y: Mt k no trn mng c th kim tin bng cch bn d liu c nhn ca bn.

Mi khi bn ln mng, bn s l nhng thng tin mi, d ch l cht t, v nhng s thch ca bn. Mt s nh thu thp d liu khng tho mn vi vic ch i bn n vi h, v h dng nhiu th on nh cp c nhiu thng tin hn v bn. Chng ta c th gi nhng iu trn l Cc quy tc c bn v thng tin c nhn, v cc quy tc ny ng vi tt c nhng ngi s dng Internet. Tn bn v nhng thng tin v bn s c em bn. V bn chng c chia cht li nhun no, nn tt nht l hy gi kn cc thng tin c nhn cho ring bn. Nu nhng thng tin lt vo tay ngi khc, bn s khng th kim sot c vic ngi ta s s dng chng nh th no. Bo v a ch IP Ging nh s nh v tn ph ca bn, a ch IP ca mt my tnh cho ngi khc bit lm th no c th tm thy my tnh trn mng. nh danh ny gm c bn s, mi s c gi tr t 0 n 255, cch nhau bi mt du chm (v d 123.123.23.2). Mi Website v mi thit b in t kt ni Internet u phi c mt a ch IP duy nht; ti mt thi im th khng th c hai thit b no c cng a ch IP. Nu nhng k gi spam hoc l cc hacker bit c a ch IP ca bn, chng c th tn cng my tnh ca bn bng cc loi virus hay thm ch cn xm nhp trc tip vo bn trong nh cp cc d liu c nhn ca bn. Bn c th ci t cc firewall phn cng hoc phn mm v cc chng trnh dit virus trn mi nt mng ca bn, nhng nu c thi gian v ti nguyn my tnh, hacker vn c th xm nhp c vo hu nh l bt c my tnh no. Bn nn bo v a ch IP ca mnh cn thn nh l i vi tn v a ch ca bn. Bn thn trnh duyt hay l Windows khng cho php bn giu a ch IP, nhng c mt s phn mm khc c th gip bn gii quyt vn ny. Vi gi 5 USD mt thng, phn mm Freedom (c ti a ch http://www.freedom.net/ ) ca hng Zero-Knowledge Systems s giu a ch IP ca bn bng cch gi tt c cc d liu ca bn qua mng Zero-Knowledge. Nu bn s dng mt kt ni quay s, bn s t gp ri ro hn v a ch IP ca bn thay i theo mi phin ng nhp. Nhng nu bn s dng kt ni lin tc, nh l DSL hay cp, bn s c mt a ch IP c nh. Mt a ch IP c nh khin cho bn rt d b d qut v tn cng. Nhng nu mi ln kt ni Internet bn c mt a ch IP khc vi ln trc (a ch IP ng) th bn c th tr thnh mt mc tiu di ng i vi cc hacker. Nu bn c thc v b mt ring t, hy ngh nh cung cp dch v Internet cho bn mt a ch IP ng. Nhng k xm nhp s gp kh khn hn nhiu tm ra my tnh ca bn nu nh a ch ca bn khng c nh. Cookies theo di bn Cc Website cn s dng cc cng ngh khc theo di bn v d theo cc chuyn ng ca bn trn mng. Cookie l nhng file d liu nh m cc Website bn gh thm ghi vo cng my tnh theo di ng i ca bn trn Web hoc ghi li nhng s thch ca bn. Hu ht cc cookies u c mc ch tt. V d, nu bn ng k xem mt Website c th (chng hn nh l Thi bo New York trn Web), site ny c th ghi mt cookie ln my tnh ca bn gip bn sau khng cn nhp username v password vo truy cp site ny. C hai loi cookie: cookie vnh vin (tn ti trn my tnh ca bn k c sau khi bn tt my), v cookie tm thi (ch tn ti trong mt phin lm vic nht nh v khng c lu tr khi bn tt my tnh). Mi e do ca cc cookie khng nm trong nhng thng tin m cc cookie lu gi; v d, cookie khng cho php cc hacker tm c ng truy cp vo cc file ring t ca bn. Hu ht cc site ghi cc cookie mi ln bn nhp chut vo mt lin kt mi trong site bn ang thm, v sau ngi ta c th bit c l bn c nhng trang no v thi gian bn c trang l bao lu. Nhng thng tin nh vy c th rt hu ch cho cc nh kinh doanh nhng ngi lun khai thc cc chi tit v nhng thi quen v s thch ca bn. Theo thi gian, nhng mu d liu nh b ny

c th gip cho cc cng ty xy dng mt h s v bn, v h c th bn nhng thng tin ny cho cung cp nh kinh doanh khc.Nhng "con b" Web cn li hi hn Nu bn thng xuyn xo cc cookie hoc t cu hnh cho trnh duyt khng cho php ghi cookie (xem hng dn trong phn Chn cc ng dng nguy him), cc site s khng th thu thp d liu xy dng h s v bn. l l do v sao m mt s cng ty li s dng cc "con b" Web nh mt bin php d phng theo di ngi s dng nu nh cc cookie khng hot ng c. Con b Web hot ng nh sau: l nhng hnh ho nh xu, i khi ch c chiu cao v chiu rng l mt im nh, c mu sc ging nh mu nn ca trang Web. Bt c khi no bn ti mt site, site s c a ch IP ca bn trc khi bn c th ti bt k file ho no trn Web (bao gm c con b Web), v khi c a ch IP trn tay, my ch Web c th ghi li a ch ca bn trong sut phin lm vic ca bn. Nh vy, ngay c khi cc cookie b chn, con b Web vn c th b mt theo di ngi s dng. Trong nhiu trng hp, vic theo di nh vy c th l phc v cho mc ch tt (v d, mt site mun iu tra xem mt trang Web nht nh no c c nhiu ngi xem khng), nhng khng phi lc no cng nh vy. Cc site thng mi c s dng banner qung co pht hin ra rng bn thn cc cng ty qung co, chng hn nh l DoubleClick, c th s dng con b Web theo di cc lung lu thng trn nhng site ng qung co ca h. V vy, con b Web c th m ng cho vic to ra h s v bn, v cn c th khin cho bn phi nhn spam (nu nh con b Web c np sau khi ngi s dng in vo mt n mua hng trn Web). Chn cc ng dng nguy him Cc cookie vn khng phi l nhng th nguy him, nhng c nhiu file nh c tr trn cng ca bn (mt v d l cc cookie nm trong folder C:\Windows\Cookies nu bn s dng trnh duyt Internet Explorer) v chng cho php Website hoc cng ty m t cookie nhn dng c bn thng qua mt chui s v ch (c gi l mt nh danh duy nht). V d, cc cng ty nh DoubleClick, Adbureau.net, hay LinkExchange (u l nhng nh qung co trn cc Website) c th ghi mt cookie ln cng ca bn trong khi bn ang c mt site (v d nh Amazon.com) v sau c cookie khi bn ti mt site khc c DoubleClick phc v (v d nh CNN.com). l cch m cc cng ty theo di bn qua mt h thng cc site khc nhau. Tng c cc cookie Tht may l trnh duyt ca bn c th d dng v hiu ho cc cookie: Trong trnh duyt Internet Explorer 5.x, nhp chut vo Tools > Internet Options, ri chn mc Security. Nhp chut vo biu tng Tri t c dng ch ghi bn di l Internet, ri nhp chut vo nt Custom Level gn y ca ca s. Trong ca s Sercurity Settings mi c m ra, ko thanh cun xung mc ghi l Cookies. ngn khng cho trnh duyt ca bn t ng ghi cookie ln my tnh, hy chn Disable hoc Prompt trong mc "Allow cookies that are stored on your computer". Ni chung nu bn ch cho php ghi cc cookie tm thi (per-session) th cng khng sao; thng th l nhng cookie ghi nh cc mt hng m bn chn mua trong mt ca hng trc tuyn. Trong trnh duyt Netscape, nhp chut chn Edit > Preferences v chn mc Advanced trong bn phi. Ti y, bn c th chn ch chn tt c cc cookie hoc hoc ch cho php mt site ghi cookie theo quyt nh ca bn. Bn nn chn ch th hai v cho php trnh duyt s dng cookie i vi mt s site. Theo cch , bn c th thc hin mt bin php kim sot cc thng tin ca bn, ng thi vn c th tn dng c tnh tin li ca cookie. Tuy nhin, nu bn qu a nghi, c th bn s mun ngn chn tt c cc cookie ngay c khi vic lm cn tr bn mua hng mt cch hiu qu trn mng. Nu bn thc s t m mun tm hiu xem c bao nhiu site t cc cookie ln my tnh ca bn, hy nh du la chn trong mc "Warn me before accepting a cookie", trnh duyt Navigator s hin th mt hp thoi mi khi c mt site nh ghi cookie ln my tnh ca bn. (Trong trnh duyt Internet Explorer vn cha c la chn ny). Bn ch nn th la chn ny trong mt thi

gian ngn, v s c rt nhiu hp thoi hin ln hi bn c chp nhn cookie trong qu trnh bn lt Web, iu c th s khin cho bn phi kh chu. Hy bit chn la Tuy nhin, vic tt ch cho php ghi cookie mt cch n gin c th s khng gip ch cho bn. Internet Explorer khng chn cc cookie c gi ti cc cng ty qung co khi ang cho php cc site m bn gh thm ghi cookie. Trnh duyt ny ch c th cho php hoc l chp nhn tt c cc cookie hoc l khng chp nhn bt c cookie no. Vic xo tt c cc cookie s lm bn mt mt thun li l c th tit kim thi gian trn nhng site tin tc c th tu bin nh My Yahoo. Nu bn s dng IE v ch mun cho php mt s site ghi cookie ln cng ca bn, hy th s dng phn mm min ph CookieWall ca hng AnalogX. CookieWall chy trong h thng, lng l gim st file cookie trong tng pht v cho php bn la chn nhng cookie no c php ghi ln cng. Khi chng trnh ny gp mt cookie, mt hp thoi s xut hin hi bn mun lm g vi cc cookie n t site ny - rt tin li trong nhng trng hp chng hn nh bn ng k s dng My Yahoo v khng mun phi nhp username mi khi bn np trang Web. Chng li virus Nu bn khng c phn mm dit virus trn my tnh, hy ci t mt chng trnh nh vy. Ngy no my tnh ca bn khng c bo v ph hp th ngy my tnh c nguy c b nhim virus v c th lm cho my tnh khc cng b ly nhim. Cc virus khng ch xo sch cng ca bn; mt s virus cn c kh nng nh cp ton b s a ch e-mail hoc ci cc chng trnh "ca sau" ln cng ca bn (chng hn nh Trojan SubSeven hoc BackOffice) v sau cc hacker c th s dng chng trnh ny xm nhp vo my tnh ca bn. Vi gi 20 USD, phn mm eTrust Antivirus cung cp kh nng chng virus kh tt, nht l bn li c th dng th min ph eTrust Antivirus trong vng hai thng. Tuy nhin, c mt chng trnh dit virus ton din hn, bn c th mun b tin ra mua Norton Anti Virus. Bo v kt ni Nu bn s dng mt kt ni tc cao nh DSL hay cp, hy suy ngh v vic ti xung chng trnh ZoneAlarm, firewall c nhn min ph rt c a chung ca CNET. Cc firewall khng ch ngn khng cho cc ng dng nguy him xm nhp vo my tnh ca bn m cn ngn cn cc nhng chng trnh l trn my tnh ca bn kt ni vi Internet m bn khng hay bit. Nhng chng trnh b n c th l do mt virus ci vo my tnh nh cp nhng thng tin quan trng ca bn. bit c l kt ni ca bn an ton ti mc no, hy ti site Shields Up ca Steve Gibson v th mt cuc kim tra min ph v kh nng bo mt. Shields Up thc hin nhiu th nghim ging nh ca hacker d cc l hng trn my tnh ca bn v cung cp cho bn mt bn nh gi v tnh trng bo mt trn my tnh ca bn v nhng g m bn cn lm (nu c) gim s l hng trn my tnh. Cuc kim tra ca Gibson c th cho bn bit liu c chng trnh "ca sau" no ang chy trn my tnh ca bn hay khng nhng khng cho bit chng trnh c s dng hay cha. Nhng mt cht thng tin thi cng rt c ngha ri. Nu bn bit my tnh ca bn c Trojan, bn c th hnh ng xo b chng trnh . Chn nhng k gi spam v bn bt lng Gn nh mi ngi s dng Internet u coi e-mail l l do c bn ln mng, nhng khi ni n e-mail qung co (hay cn gi l spam) th spam cn gy kh chu hn l nhng t qung co c treo vo ca nh bn. l v ngi s dng Internet phi tr tin cho bng thng v khong khng gian a m spam chim ch. Nhng ng spam c th lm gim tc ti e-mail ca bn. Thm ch cn ti t hn: mi khi nhng k gi spam bit a ch email ca bn, chng c th bn a ch cho hng chc k gi spam khc. Mt trong nhng spam lm cho ngi s dng tc gin nht l spam mi cho bn mua tn v a ch email ca 5 triu nn nhn spam vi gi ch c 40 USD.

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Phng nga spam Nhng k gi spam lm th no ly c a ch ca bn? Hu ht nhng k to c kho d liu v cc a ch thng qua qu trnh thu thp a ch. l qu trnh s dng phn mm qut cc Website tm bt c vn bn no c k t @, ri ghi li cc a ch vo trong c s d liu. Sau nhng k ny gi spam ca chng ti cc a ch , hoc bn hay trao i a ch email vi nhng k gi spam khc. u l cch tt nht ngn cn nhng k gi spam theo di bn? Hy trnh s dng a ch chnh thc ca bn; thay vo hy ng k mt account e-mail min ph mt site no chng hn nh l Hotmail hay Yahoo, v s dng cc a ch ny mi khi bn gi thng ip ti nhng ni cng cng hoc t mua cc sn phm trn Web. Nhng k gi spam cng thu thp cc a ch e-mail qua nhng thng ip m bn gi ti cc nhm tin Usenet v nhng ni lu tr trn mng ca cc danh sch th m bn ng k. ng bao gi nhp a ch e-mail vo cc chng trnh hc tin ca bn. Nhng k gi spam d dng thu thp c a ch e-mail trn cc bng tin, v vy, hy s dng mt account e-mail min ph ng k v gi li p cho cc bng tin nh vy. Trong mt s t trng hp, virus gi ni dung s a ch trong chng trnh th in t ca bn cho nhng k gi spam, bn s chng th lm g c, v vy tt nht l phi chy chng trnh dit virus trong mi lc. Che du thng tin v bn Tt nhin, cch n gin nht ngn chn spam l gi kn a ch e-mail ca bn ngay t u. Hy ch tit l a ch cho nhng ngi bn ng tin cy, gia nh v cc ng nghip ca bn. ng nhp a ch chnh thc ca bn vo cc trang Web hoc cc mc la chn ca trnh duyt Usenet. Mt s site c th c c a ch e-mail hoc tn tht ca bn t cc mc la chn ny. Ni chung, khi mt trnh duyt Web hoc mt chng trnh c tin Usenet yu cu bn nhp tn tht hoc a ch e-mail vo mt hp thoi, hy trng cc trng v tip tc. Khi nhng k gi spam nm c a ch e-mail ca bn, h c th s dng cc e-mail HTML ly thm cc a ch khc t bn. E-mail HTML trng khc vi e-mail vn bn thun tu ch email HTML c th c nh dng vi nhng kch c font ch khc nhau v c th t c cc lin kt Web ngay vo trong phn ni dung ca e-mail. Tht khng may l nhng e-mail nh vy khng ch lm bn mt thi gian ti v m chng cn c th cha ng nhng on m n c th gi danh sch cc a ch e-mail trong cun s a ch ca bn cho nhng ngi son ra cc bc th . Nhng vic tt chc nng xem e-mail HTML cng rt n gin: ch cn ti hp thoi cc la chn trong chng trnh e-mail v b chn la xem th di dng HTML. (V d, trong cc phin bn mi ca Eudora, bn hy nhp chut vo Tools > Options, ri chn Viewing Mail trong bn tri v b du la chn trong hp Use Microsoft's Viewer). Cc cng c khc, trong c phn mm Script Defender min ph ca hng AnalogX c th chn cc m lnh nguy him trong e-mail ca bn trc khi cc m lnh c kch hot. Cng ging nh CookieWall, Script Defender chy trong hu trng, ch i cho n khi pht hin ra mt m lnh nguy him. Sau , chng trnh ny s chn khng cho kch hot m lnh v thng bo cho bn bit iu g xy ra. Bo v bng cch m ho Ngay c khi bn tun th y cc nguyn tc c ni n trong cc phn trc, bn thn ni dung cc e-mail cng vn khng an ton trc nhng cp mt t m; bt c k no chn email ca bn gia my tnh gi i v my tnh ch u c th c cc e-mail ny. Tr phi bn m ho ni dung ca cc e-mail ch c bn v ngi bn mun gi c th c c chng. Bn c th s dng mt chng trnh min ph nh l PGPfreeware (c th ti xung t a ch home.cnet.com/downloads/0-3356727-100-4880518.html?tag=txt) m ho e-mail ca mnh, nhng c bn v ngi nhn u phi ci t v cu hnh chng trnh ny trc . Mt s ng dng khch e-mail cung cp cc chn la m ho, nhng cc chng trnh ny yu cu bn phi

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mua mt nh danh (ID) k thut s t mt bn th ba. V d nh, m ho e-mail bng Outlook, trc tin bn phi ng k vi mt cng ty nh VeriSign mua mt ID v phi tr l ph hng nm. Ngn chn nhng k xm nhp IM E-mail khng cn l cch nhanh nht lin lc qua Internet. Cc chng trnh gi tin nhn (IM) nh l ICQ, AOL Instant Messenger, v MSN Messenger l nhng chng trnh cc k ph bin. Nhng bn phi tr gi cho s tin li ca vic gi tin nhn: spam, spam v nhiu spam hn, tr phi bn l ngi sing nng. Vn : a ch IP b l Mi e do bo mt nghim trng nht khi s dng cc chng trnh gi tin nhn l: ICQ cho php nhng ngi trao i tin nhn vi bn bit c a ch IP ca bn. Nhiu chng trnh gi tin nhn hot ng bng cch kt ni trc tip hai my tnh vi nhau, v kt qu l my tnh ny c th xc nh c a ch IP ca my tnh kia v ngc li, nhng ICQ s dng cc kt ni trc tip gn nh l trong mi th. Mc d mt hacker c t kinh nghim c th gp kh khn trong vic tm ra a ch IP ca bn, nhng c rt nhiu cng c min ph gip cho hacker d dng lm c iu . Nhng cng c nh vy gim st cc kt ni mng ca Windows v thu thp c mt danh sch tt c cc a ch IP m my tnh kt ni ti. (Thm ch cc lnh DOS nh l netstat cng c th hin th a ch cc my tnh khc khi kt ni). Mt khi m cc hacker nguy him bit c a ch IP ca bn, chng c th trin khai nhng cuc tn cng nhm vo my tnh ca bn ph hu h thng hoc lm chm dch v Internet ca bn, khin cho bn nh ang "b" trn mng. Bng cch s dng cc chng trnh min ph v rt d ly, cc hacker cn c th lm trn ngp my tnh ca bn vi hng ng d liu ti mc kt ni Internet ca bn s khng th gi d liu i ra c; thng th cc chng trnh ny li dng mt l hng vn c trong Windows v lm ngng hot ng ca h iu hnh. Gii php: bo v a ch IP ca bn Trong ICQ 2000 - nhp chut vo nt ICQ v chn Security and Privacy. Chn thanh General v hy m bo rng hp kim tra Web Aware khng c nh du. Hy chn thanh Direct Connection v chn nt c ghi "Allow direct connection with any user upon your authorization" (cho php kt ni trc tip vi bt c ngi s dng no nu c bn xc nhn". ICQ s lit k mt danh sch cc thnh phn ca chng trnh m c th cho php nhng ngi khc nhn thy a ch IP ca bn. Trong AOL Instant Messenger - Trong ca s AIM Preferences, hy chn thanh Privacy. B du chn trong hp ghi "Allow users to see how long I've been idle" v chn nt "Nothing about me" trong mc "Allow users who know my email address to find..." Trong MSN Messenger - Trong hp thoi Options di thanh Preferences, khng nh du 3 la chn di mc General. Vn : cc log file (file ghi chp cc hot ng ca my tnh) c th b l Tt c cc chng trnh gi tin nhn cho php ghi li cc cuc ni chuyn ca bn vi ngi khc theo mc nh. Nhng nu nh c hacker xm nhp vo my tnh ca bn, chc hn bn s khng mun lu gi nhng ghi chp v cc cuc ni chuyn ca mnh, v bn c th mun xo cc log file. Gii php: xo cc log file Trong ICQ 2000 - Khi bn ci ICQ, mt chng trnh c tn l dbconvert.exe cng s c a vo cng th mc vi ICQ (theo mc nh l C:\Program files\ICQ). xo cc log file hin c, hy ng chng trnh ICQ v chy dbconvert.exe. Hy nhp ti khon ICQ ca bn, chn "No history (contact list only)" v nhp nt Next. Sau khi chng trnh ny xo c s d liu ca cc

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log file, nhp nt Next mt ln na, ri nhp Done ng chng trnh. Bn cng c th khng cho ICQ ghi li cc cuc ni chuyn vi nhng ngi nht nh trong danh sch lin lc ca bn: nhp chut phi vo tn ca mt ngi trong danh sch lin lc, chn Alert/Accept Modes, m thanh Accept, v nh du vo hp "Do not log event history". Nu bn mun khng cho php ghi li bt c cuc ni chuyn no, hy nhp chut vo nt ICQ v chn Preferences, chn mc Events t bn tri, v nh du vo hp "Do not log event history" ri nhp Apply. Trong AOL Instant Messenger - Tt c cc file ghi chp ca AIM nm trong folder C:\Windows\AIM95\username-ca-bn. Chng trnh ny khng ghi li cc cuc ni chuyn (tr phi bn chon File > Save), nhng vn lu gi mt file cha danh sch cc bn thn ca bn v nhng ln gi file m bn thc hin qua AIM. Hy xo cc file trong folder . Trong MSN Messenger - MSN Messenger khng t ng ghi li cc cuc tr chuyn, mc d bn c th ghi li cc dng ring l bng cch nhp chut vo File > Save. Sau bn c th xo bt k cuc hi thoi no m bn ghi li bng cch ko biu tng ca file vo Thng rc. Vn : instant spam i khi, cc chng trnh gi tin nhn to ra mt ng spam di dng mt chui cc thng ip c ni dung l "forward me to everyone you know" hoc l cc lin kt ti cc Website khiu dm. Cc instant spam nh vy thng khin cho ngi s dng kh chu hn l e-mail spam, bi v rt nhiu chng trnh theo mc nh cnh bo cho bn bng mt biu tng nhp nhy hoc mt m thanh khi bn nhn c bt k mt thng ip no, k c nhng thng ip ng ght. Gii php: chn spam Trong ICQ 2000 - Nhp chut vo nt ICQ v chn Security And Privacy. Trong hp thoi hin ra, hy chn thanh Ignore v nh du vo tt c cc hp la chn. Chn "Users not on my contact list" t menu th xung. Tip theo, chn thanh General, ri chn nt "My authorization is required before users add me to their contact list" v nhp chut vo nt Save. Trong AOL Instant Messenger - AOL Instant Messenger chn cc thng ip n t nhng ngi khng c trong danh sch cc bn thn ca bn, nhp chut vo My AIM > Edit Options> Edit Preferences. Hy chn thanh Privacy, sau chn "Allow only users on my Buddy list". Trong MSN Messenger - Nhp chut vo menu Tools v chn Options. Chn thanh Privacy, ri a thm cc username m bn mun nhn c cc thng ip t hoc chn nhng ngi nht nh bng cch chuyn cc username ca h gia hai trng s dng cc nt mi tn (nm gia hp thoi). Gi an ton cho cc giao dch ti chnh Cho d bn ang mua hng ti cc cuc bn u gi trc tuyn hay ang kim tra s d ti khon ngn hng, bn vn c th gi kn c nhng d liu ti chnh ca mnh. Ngi mua hng trn mng cn thn trng Ni chung, vic mua bn trn mng t gp ri ro. l v hu ht cc site bn hng u s dng mt phng php m ha s th tn dng ca bn v nhng thng tin khc trong khi d liu ny c truyn t my tnh ca bn ti my ch Web. Phng php c gi l SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) v l mt phng php an ton tuyt i. C l vic mua hng bng th tn dng l an ton nht. Khi bn s dng th tn dng, bn c quyn t chi tr tin nu sn phm hoc dch v khng ng nh m t hoc hng khng c giao. Cn nu nh bn tr bng ngn phiu hoc lnh chuyn tin, vo lc bn pht hin ra c vn th c th tin ca bn mt ri.

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Tuy nhin, vic mua bn trn mng cng khng phi l tuyt i an ton. Bn ti phm i khi vn nh cp c nhng thng tin v th tn dng, a ch v nhng s an sinh x hi khng c bo v. Nhng khi bn bit c iu ny th bn c th phng. M ho trnh duyt Thng tin trong th tn dng ca bn rt d b l khi c truyn qua mng t my tnh ti mt ca hng trc tuyn. Cc hacker c th chn cc s th tn dng trn ng truyn bng cch chy cc phn mm gi l sniffer trn cc b nh tuyn (b nh tuyn hot ng ging nh l cc n giao thng trn Internet). Cc sniffer c th nhn thy tt c cc byte bn trong mt gi tin v tm cc t kho trong . May thay, hu ht cc trnh duyt hin nay u h tr cc Website m ho d liu trong khi truyn. Trc khi bn mua hng, hy tm cc site tuyn b h s dng phng php m ho SSL. Khi bn vo vng c bo mt ca mt Website, bn s thy mt biu tng hnh mc kho nh y ca s trnh duyt; hy lun kim tra biu tng ny c hay khng mi khi bn mua hng trn mng. V nu lc thanh ton tin ca hng trc tuyn ngh bn cho lu gi thng tin trong th tn dng ca bn ln my ch, th bn hy t chi. i khi cc hacker xm nhp vo cc my tnh lu tr v nh cp cc thng tin quan trng ca khch hng. S dng phng php m ho mnh nht Cc phin bn ca trnh duyt Netscape t Navigator 4.61 tr ln u h tr phng php m ho SSL 128 bit. (phng php m ho mnh nht hin nay). Hy xem bn ang s dng phin bn no ca Netscape bng cch nhp chut vo menu Help v chn About. Nu bn s dng bt c phin bn no ca Internet Explorer c hn phin bn 5.5, bn nn ti v chng trnh Internet Explorer High Encryption Pack (chng trnh m ho SSL 128 bit ca Microsoft c ti y ). Internet Explorer phin bn 5.5 v cc phin bn sau khng i hi phi ti v chng trnh trn. Tt c cc trnh duyt IE mi hin nay u h tr phng php m ho 128 bit. Bn c th xem mnh ang s dng phin bn no bng cch nhp chut vo menu Help trong IE v chn About. Hy n danh ting ca ca hng m bn nh mua. Nu bn ang cn nhc c nn mua hng t mt ca hng trc tuyn no hay khng, trc tin bn nn tm site BBBOnline (http://www.bbbonline.com/) ca c quan Better Business Bureau xem nhng ngi tiu dng khc c khiu ni g ca hng khng. ng thi, bn nn c chnh sch bn hng v chnh sch v b mt ring t bit chc rng site ny c ghi a ch ng ph v s in thoi ca tr s chnh hay khng. (Nu ch c a ch e-mail th khng ; mt a ch ng ph thc c th bo m rng bn khng lm n vi mt cng ty ma). Cc site c cc t chc bo v ngi tiu dng nh gi cao thng cung cp ng link ti site ca t chc ngi tiu dng kim tra cc thng tin nh gi. S dng th tn dng (khng dng th ghi n) mua hng Hu ht cc ngn hng hin nay u cung cp th ghi n ATM cho nhng ngi c m ti khon ti ngn hng. V cc th ny c chc nng ging nh l th tn dng nn bn c th s dng chng thc hin hu ht cc cuc mua bn trc tuyn. Tuy nhin, nu ai nh cp c s th ghi n ca bn, hn s khng ch lm cho s n ca bn tng ln nhanh chng m cn c th rt ht tin trong ti khon tit kim ca bn. Tuy cc ngn hng cung cp mt ch hon tr li tin khi b gian ln (vi mt khon khu tr l 50 USD) i vi tt c nhng ngi dng th, nhng c th phi mt mt vi thng mi nhn li c tin, v th tt hn ht l bn nn trnh ri ro ny. Th tn dng ch dng mt ln Gn y, cc cng ty trong ngnh tn dng (gm c American Express v Discover) ngh ra mt cch ngn nga nhng gian ln v th tn dng: to ra s th tn dng ch dng mt ln. nhn c mt s th tn dng ch dng mt ln, bn ch cn ng k vi cng ty th tn dng ca

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mnh. Sau , bt c lc no bn mun mua hng trn Internet, bn ti site ca cng ty th tn dng v in gi tr ca hng mua vo mt biu mu trn Web. Cng ty th tn dng ca bn s cung cp cho bn mt s th tn dng ch dng mt ln v bn c th s dng s ny mua mn hng . Tnh an ton ca ngn hng Nu bn ang cn nhc xem c nn s dng dch v ngn hng trc tuyn hay khng, bn s phi i mt vi nhiu vn tng t nh khi mua hng trc tuyn. gi an ton cho cc thng tin ti khon ca bn khi bn gi thng tin ny t my tnh ti ngn hng, cn phi bit chc rng Website ca ngn hng s dng phng php m ho SSL 128 bit cho tt c cc giao dch. Hy tm biu tng ci mc kho, sau , trc khi bn bt u s dng ti khon trc tuyn, hy m bo rng phin bn trnh duyt bn ang s dng c h tr SSL. Bn cng s mun chc chn rng ngn hng ca bn khng bn tn, a ch, s in thoi, hoc nhng thng tin c nhn nhy cm khc ca cc khch hng cho cc hng kinh doanh. Hy c cn thn chnh sch v b mt ring t ca ngn hng bit ngn hng ny chia s thng tin vi ai, v khi bn ng k ti khon, hy ngh h khng a bn vo bt c chng trnh chia s thng tin no. Thng th vic ny s c thc hin thng qua mt chn la trong biu mu Web. Duy Anh-VASC Theo CNet News

E-mail v Internet hin nay c dng nh mt phng tin chnh trong vic lan truyn vi-rt. Mi bin php di y s gip cc bn bo v c my tnh ca mnh: 1. Khng m bt k file nh km c gi t mt a ch e-mail m bn khng bit r hoc khng tin tng. 2. Khng m bt k e-mail no m bn cm thy nghi ng, thm ch c khi e-mail ny c gi t bn b hoc khch hng ca bn. Hu ht vi-rt c lan truyn qua ng e-mail. Do vy, nu bn khng chc chn v mt e-mail no th hy tm cch xc nhn li t pha ngi gi. 3. Khng m cc file nh km cc e-mail c tiu hp dn hoc thu ht. V d nh: Look, my beautiful girl friend, "Congratulations, "SOS... Nu bn mun m cc file nh km ny, hy lu chng vo a mm hay mt th mc trn a cng v dng chng trnh dit vi-rt c cp nht mi nht kim tra. 4. Khng m cc file nh km theo cc e-mail c tn file lin quan n sex hay cc ngi sao nh PORNO.EXE, PAMELA_NUDE.VBS, Britney Spears.scr... y l cc th on dng nh la ngi dng ca nhng k vit vi-rt. 5. Xa cc e-mail khng r hoc khng mong mun. ng forward e-mail ny cho bt k ai hoc reply li cho ngi gi. Nhng e-mail ny thng l cc spam e-mail. Mc ch ca cc spam email ch lm nghn ng truyn Internet. 6. Khng copy vo a cng bt k file no m bn khng bit r hoc khng tin tng v ngun gc xut pht ca n. 7. Hy cn thn khi ti cc file t Internet v a cng ca my tnh. Dng mt chng trnh dit vi-rt c cp nht thng xuyn kim tra cc file ny. Nu bn nghi ng v mt file chng

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trnh hoc mt e-mail th ng bao gi m n ra hoc ti v my tnh ca mnh. Cch tt nht trong trng hp ny l xa chng hoc khng ti v my tnh ca bn. 8. Dng mt chng trnh dit vi-rt tin cy v c cp nht thng xuyn nh Norton Antivirus, McAffee, Trend Micro... Dng cc chng trnh dit vi-rt c th chy thng tr trong b nh chng c th gim st thng xuyn cc hot ng trn my tnh ca bn. 9. Nu my tnh bn c ci chng trnh dit vi-rt, hy cp nht chng thng xuyn. Trung bnh mi thng c ti 500 vi-rt mi c pht hin. Vic cp nht thng xuyn ny s gip cho my tnh ca bn tr nn min nhim trc cc loi vi-rt mi. 10. Thc hin vic sao lu cc d liu quan trng thng xuyn. Nu chng may vi-rt xa tt c cc d liu trn my tnh ca bn th vn cn c kh nng phc hi cc d liu quan trng ny. Cc bn sao lu ny nn c ct gi ti mt v tr ring bit hoc ct gi trn my tnh khc. Theo Bo Ngi Lao ng ! N.H. QUC (www.vnsecurity.net)

Internet l mt ni y th v nhng cng y him ha. Chng ti xin gii thiu vi cc bn 10 cch thc bo v bn khi lt Web, gip bn bo v c nhng thng tin b mt v trnh c s nhm ng ca hacker. 1. Ci t phn mm tng la gia nh v phn mm chng virus Hacker c th lng sc trong Internet kim tm cc my tnh c l hng nhm nh cp s th tn dng, cc thng tin c nhn v thc hin cc mu xu xa khc. Phn mm tng la gia nh nh BlackICE Defender hoc Zone Alarm c th gip bn trnh c s nhm ng ca hacker. Bn cng nn ci t mt phn mm chng virus cho my tnh. 2. Cn thn khi gi thng tin ng gi cc thng tin nhy cm nh a ch nh ring, s in thoi, tn v tui ca bn tr cho nhng ngi l mt qua Internet. Hy cn thn vi nhng g m bn a ln Website ca mnh. Nu bn mun a mt bc nh mnh hoc ca gia nh ln mng, bn hy chn mt site dch v lu k m cho php thit lp mt khu truy cp. Bn nn nh rng tt c nhng g bn tho lun ti cc din n trc tuyn u c ghi li, v c th d dng tm thy. 3. Khng ti xung my tnh bt c th g tr phi bn tin tng vo ngi gi v ngun gc file gi km Nhng e-mail trng c v khng my nguy hi li thng cha cc phn mm gin ip. c an ton, khng nn ti xung my tnh bt c th g tr phi bn bit ngi gi, v tin tng rng file gi km s khng gy nguy hi cho my tnh ca bn. 4. S dng mt e-mail ph Khi bn in cc thng tin vo mt bn k khai trn mng, gi thng ip ti cc nhm tho lun trc tuyn, hoc cho ngi l a ch e-mail ca bn, th bn hy cho a ch e-mail ph m bn ng k t cc dch v min ph nh Hotmail hay Yahoo mail. Nu a ch e-mail ny b "bom th", bn c th b i v s dng mt a ch e-mail khc. Bn ch nn trao i a ch e-mail chnh vi nhng ngi m bn thc s tin tng. 5. Khng cho trnh duyt tr thnh mt k ba hoa Tn v a ch e-mail ca bn c th c nhng trong trnh duyt. Mt s Website c th ly cc thng tin ny t trnh duyt ca bn v to mt d liu v bn. ngn khng cho nhng thng

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tin ca bn b r r, bn c th vo thc n preferences ca trnh duyt (Netscape) v xa nhng thng tin ny, hoc thay th bng mt ci tn v a ch e-mail gi. 6. Chnh sch b mt c nhn Bn hy kim tra chnh sch v b mt c nhn ca Website m bn gh thm. Cc Website thng gi quyn chia s d liu v bn vi mt bn th ba no . Bn hy c phn Privacy Statement trn cc Website. 7. Khng chp nhn cc cookie khng cn thit Bn c th mun chp nhn cc cookie nm trong my tnh v cc cookie thng gip cho bn mua hng trc tuyn d dng hn do chng nm gi thng tin v bn. Nhng bn c th tng kh cc cookie khng cn thit bng cch thit lp li thc n preferences ca trnh duyt (Netscape) hoc s dng phn mm tin ch nh Cookie Crusher. 8. M ho cc d liu nhy cm Trc khi gi s th tn dng hoc cc thng tin ti chnh khc qua Internet, bn hy m bo rng cc thng tin c m ha ngn chn s nhm ng ca hacker. Cc Website c bo mt thng cho bn bit giao dch c m ha, v trnh duyt ca bn thng hin th biu tng ci kho xc nhn rng giao dch c m bo an ton. 9. S dng mt n danh Bi v cc Website thng lu li d liu v bn sau khi bn gh thm, v th bn c th che giu tn ca mnh bng cch s dng mt n danh, chng hn nh s dng site n danh http://www.anonymizer.com./ Site ny s m ha cc a ch Website m bn gh thm, v th Nh cung cp dch v Internet ca bn s khng th bit bn truy cp vo site no. 10. Xa cache sau khi lt Web My tnh ca bn c mt phn gi l memory cache, chuyn lu gi a ch cc Website m bn gh thm. Mt ngi no khc khi s dng my tnh ca bn c th pht hin ra cc Website m bn truy cp. Bn c th xa du vt bng cch xa cache. Hy tm n thc n Preferences ca trnh duyt Netscape hoc thc n Tool/Internet Option ca trnh duyt IE xo cache. V bn hy lun nh rng: d liu m ha vn c th b b kha. Khng d dng pht hin mt phn mm gin ip trong my tnh ca bn. iu cui cng: nu bn c nhng d liu cc k quan trng, th ng nn lu trong mt my tnh c kt ni Internet. ng Khoa-VASC Theo Time !

Nhng on m nguy him, ngy trang di hnh thc cc siu lin kt (hyperlink), l mm mng cha virus my tnh n c th xut hin, thm nhp v pht tn vo PC ca bn, gy ra hu qu tai hi. Nhng on m ny thng c cch thc chung l c gi n cho nn nhn thng qua cc email tng chng v hi. Mt th thut nh c th gip bn ch ng phng v lm v hiu ha chng:

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Trong ca s trnh duyt Outlook Express, chn Tools trn thanh cng c, sau chn Internet Options. Nhp con tr chut vo mc Security khi ca s Options hin th ra vi nhiu mc nh. Trong phn Security, chn Restricted Sites vi biu tng ging nh mt tm bin bo cm giao thng (More Secure) sau nhn Enter. Tip theo, trong Control Panel cng chn Internet Options (vi biu tng chic cha kha bn cnh qu cu mu xanh) bng cch nhp p chut, v cng chn Security. Cc biu tng cng ln lt trnh by nh trong mc Security phn trn. Tip n, chn Restricted Sites vi biu tng chic bng cm mu v bm tr chut vo . Bm vo Custom Level di. Khi ca s Security Settings xut hin, chn Disable trong mc Active Scripting. Hon thnh tt c nhng thao tc ny, xem nh bn v hiu ha chc nng Java Script chy t ng v cng c ngha l loi tr c cc nguy c xm nhp ph hoi ca nhng on m nguy him (nu c) khi bn m, kim tra v c e-mail. Lu : hon tt th tc ny v lu gi n, bm tr chut vo nt OK. Lc ny, mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi hi bn c nht nh mun thay i Security Settings hay khng, bn chn Yes. (Theo Si Gn Gii Phng)

Mc ch sinh ra cookie nhm gip ngi s dng truy cp thng tin c thun tin, ngi qun tr Web site c thm thng tin ti u h thng. Nhng cc thng tin trong cookie ny s gy phin toi cho ngi s dng nu nh b lt vo tay cc cng ty nghin cu, thm d th trng hay cc cng ty qung co... vn ny lin quan n vic bo mt thng tin c nhn trn Internet. T chc W3C (T chc xy dng cc chun Internet) hin ang trong giai on hon thin b chun P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences, truy cp vo Web site ca W3C - www.w3.org/P3P/ c thng tin chi tit hn), b chun ny cho php thc hin t ng tho c bo mt thng tin c nhn gia ngi s dng v cng ty qun l web site. Tuy b chun P3P cha hon tt nhng hng Microsoft nghin cu v p dng ngay b chun ny trong phin bn trnh duyt IE6. Ch bo mt mc nh ca trnh IE6 s loi b tt c cc cookie c nhng trong trang Web nu nh Web site qun l khng c thng tin chnh sch bo mt theo chun P3P, ngoi ra nu c mt cookie no ang tm cch thu thp cc thng tin c nhn nh h tn ngi s dng, a ch E-mail... th trnh duyt s cnh bo cho ngi s dng bit. Nu nh vn cha hi lng vi nhng g m IE 6 cu hnh sn, chng ta c th t mnh xc nh cp thng tin c nhn cho php Web server ghi vo cookie. Th tc tin hnh : Chn menu Tool.Internet Option.Privacy, ri chn cp cung cp thng tin ph hp. Sau nhn phm OK. Hy cn qu sm kt lun rng P3P hu hiu qun l thng tin c nhn ca ngi s dng v cng cha chc chun ny s c tt c cc nh sn xut trnh duyt h tr trong sn phm ca mnh. V d nh trnh duyt Netscape Navigator c sn tnh nng loi b hon ton tt c cc cookie khc, ngoi tr cookie do chnh Web site qun l trang web. Vi phin bn Netscape Navigator 4.7, chn menu Edit.Preferences.Advance ri nh du chn ti mc Accept only cookies that ghet send back to the originating server. Vi phin bn Navigator 6.0 v b trnh duyt c m ngun m Mozilla, chn menu Edit.Preferences, trong mc Privacy and Security nh du chn ti mc Enable cookie for the originating web site only, ri nhn phm OK.

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Theo PC World VN !

Nu dng Internet Explorer 5.5 hoc 6.0, bn nn "lp" k h cho php ngi ngoi n cp cookie t trnh duyt ca bn. Cookie l mt on d liu m website "dn" vo a cng nhn bit khi no bn vo site ln sau. Hn ch ca Internet Explorer l cho k tn cng bt chnh n cp cookie trn my tnh ca bn. Hu ht cc cookie khng mang thng tin quan trng, nhng cng c nhng site mua bn c th ghi nhn d liu "mt" (nh m s th tn dng" vo cookie ca chng. Bng cch la bn nhn vo mt lin kt c bit trn website hoc vo thng ip e-mail HTML ca k tn cng, chng c th truy cp cookie ca bn. Microsoft cho bit gii php x l vn ny. Bn c th ti tin ch hoc thc hin vi thao tc bo v PC khng b mt cp Cookie bng cch v hiu ha Active Scripting - mt loi m website da vo thc hin nhiu tnh chc nng khc nhau. Lu : URL c phn m rng .asp dng Active Scripting; tn ngn gn tng trng cho "Active Server Pages". Nu dng tin ch ca Microsoft, Active Scripting s tip tc cng vic cho bn. Vo www.micrsoft.com/windows/ie/downloads/critical/q313675/default.asp ti tin ch ny hoc vo www.microsoft.com/technet/treeview/default.asp?url=/technet/security/bulettin/MS01055/asp. Theo PC World VN !

File sharing l mt chc nng cho php nhng ngi dng Windows chia s file qua mng. File sharing c h tr bi giao thc ring ca Microsoft, gi l NetBIOS. Mc d chc nng chia s ny t ra rt tin li cho ngi s dng, nhng n cng gy ra nhiu nguy him v mt bo mt thng tin. Kh nhiu cuc tn cng hoc truy nhp tri php qua mng c thc hin nhm vo giao thc NetBIOS. C nhng trng hp ngi s dng thm ch chia s ton b a cng cha nhiu thng tin quan trng m khng h t mt khu, hoc t mt khu rt n gin khin k tn cng c th truy nhp d liu mt cch d dng. Nguy him tim tng na l mc d NetBIOS vn ch c thit k hot ng trong mng cc b (LAN) nhng li c th hot ng trn nn TCP/IP vn l giao thc cho php truy nhp trn din rng. iu ny dn ti nguy c ln cho nhng c nhn truy nhp Internet: h c th v tnh phi mnh ra trc cc cuc tn cng nhm vo dch v NetBIOS. Trong trng hp xu nht bt k ngi no trn Internet cng c th c, thm ch ghi d liu ln h thng ca h. Nhiu loi virus cng hot ng v thc hin vic ly lan thng qua cch thc ny. Cc tng la (firewall) thng c thit k t ng chn cc truy nhp tri php qua Internet vo cc d liu c chia s qua NetBIOS. Tuy nhin nu khng c l do g c bit ta nn loi b giao thc NetBIOS trn TCP/IP. Li khuyn trn c bit hu ch vi nhng ngi dng n l truy nhp Internet m khng c nhu cu chia s file: hu ht nhng my tnh c nhn, my tnh ti gia nh s dng kt ni Internet u c th p dng mo ny nng cao hn na kh nng chng t nhp.

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Sau y chng ti xin gii thiu cc bc nhm tt chc nng NetBIOS trn cc phin bn khc nhau ca Windows. Windows XP Thc hin ln lt cc bc sau: * Chn nt "Start" * Chn menu "Connect To" (hoc chn menu "Settings", sau chn "Network connections" nu ang ch Classic mode) * Kch chut phi trn Network connection dng kt ni ti Internet (l kt ni modem nu ni Internet qua modem) * Kch chut phi trn menu "Properties" * Chn trang "Networking" * Chn "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" * Chn nt "Properties". * Chn nt "Advanced" * Chn trang "WINS" * Chn "Disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP" * Chn OK ri ng cc ca s cn li thot ra Windows 2000 Thc hin ln lt cc bc sau: * M "Control Panel" * Chn "Network and Dial-up Connections" * Kch chut phi trn "Local Area Connection" * Chn "Properties" * Chn "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" * Chn nt "Properties" * Chn nt "Advanced" * Chn trang "WINS" * Chn "Disable NetBIOS over TCP/IP" * Chn OK ri ng cc ca s cn li thot ra Windows 95, 98, ME Thc hin ln lt cc bc sau: * M "Control Panel" * Chn "Network" * Duyt qua danh sch cc thnh phn trong trang Configuration chn cu hnh TCP/IP tng ng vi kt ni mng hoc Dialup adapter ni Internet. * Chn nt "Properties" * Chn trang "NetBIOS" * B chn la "Enable NetBIOS over TCP/IP" * Chn trang "Bindings" * B chn la "Client for Microsoft Networks" v "File and printer sharing for Microsoft Networks" * Chn OK ri ng cc ca s cn li thot ra. Sau khi ng li my tnh. Nguyn Anh Qunh (I-today.com.vn)

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Internet Explorer hay Netscape Navigator? Ci no hn? Th sao khng dng c hai? Sau y bn s bit cch lm cho chng i cng vi nhau . Bn c bao nhiu trnh duyt trn my? Nu dng Windows (c l l vy), bn hn c t nht mt trnh duyt l Internet Explorer. Nhng rt c th bn cn c vi phin bn ca Netscape Navigator hoc America Online n u trn a cng. Cng tt! vn hay hn nu c nhiu cch i vo Web. Mi trnh duyt c u im ring trong mt s tc v no trn Web. Chng hn, Internet Explorer khng phi bao gi cng hin th tin trnh ti xung cc tp tin (Navigator th c), nhng li c th in mt trang Web vi y cc frame c hin th (Navigator th khng). Bn c th thch giao din ca trnh duyt ny nhng li ng hn vi chng trnh e-mail ca trnh duyt kia. Mt s site tuyn b h ti u ha cho trnh duyt ny hay trnh duyt kia, th l bn bn khon khng bit liu mnh c b l mt vi tnh nng tuyt ho no bi dng khng ng trnh duyt (xem "Cc site c c ti u ha cho trnh duyt ca bn?"). V nu bn l ngi to trang Web th xem trc trang Web trong c hai trnh duyt s hay hn nhiu, v mi trnh duyt u c nhng "tt" ring m bn phi bit cha. Nhng cc trnh duyt cng c phn ging l tr, ti ngy ci nhau. Ci no cng mun bn ch ch ti n thi v chng mun chia s g ht (bookmark hay danh mc a ch chng hn). Nhng bn c th hun luyn cho chng chi vi nhau, thm ch cn gip nhau na. Chng ti s cho bn li khuyn v cc phin bn 3.x v 4.x ca Internet Explorer v Netscape Navigator, lm cch no cho c hai lm vic tt hn, d st cnh bn nhau hay ring r tng ci mt. Bn cng s c mt danh mc cc phm tt thng dng ca c hai trnh duyt, hoc nhng c nhn chut phi rt tin li, v chng ti mch nc bn phi lm g nu chng may ng kt ni b tc nghn. Cc trnh duyt knh ch nhau Ly Internet Explorer lm mc nh. Bt c khi no ci t mt trnh duyt Web, n u yu cu bn cho n lm mc nh v nhc i nhc li cho ti khi bn quyt nh mi thi. Th l sau khi dng trnh duyt no mt thi gian, bn li mun chuyn mc nh sang trnh khc th sao? Bn c th i nh vy, nhng lm vic ny vi Internet Explorer d hn bt c phin bn no ca Navigator. Trong IE 3.x v 4.x, chn View.Internet Options, nhn vo mc Programs, nh du vo di cng "Internet Explorer should check to see whether it is the default browser (Internet Explorer cn kim tra xem n c phi l trnh duyt mc nh khng)", Sau nhn OK. ng ri li m Internet Explorer, trnh duyt Microsoft s li yu cu bn cho n lm trnh duyt mc nh. Cho Navigator cm li. i mc nh trong Navigator 3.x v 4.x th rc ri hn i cht. Theo cc bc nh ni trn, nhng xa hp kim tra "Internet Explorer should check to see whether it is the default browser". Nu bn gp may, khi khi ng li Navigator bn s c yu cu chn trnh duyt mc nh, nhng tt nht ng mong vo chuyn .

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Nu Navigator ra, bn s phi cn n mt trnh vn bn nh Notepad ca Windows 95 hay 98 sa li tp tin prefs.js. Thot khi Navigator, nhn Start.Programs .Accessories.Notepad. Khi Notepad m, nhn File.Open. Nhn phm mi tn k bn "Files of Type" ri chn All Files (*.*). File prefs.js nm trong C:\Program Files\Netscape\Users \yourname, trong yourname l tn ngi dng (user name) ca bn trong Windows. M tp tin ri tm dng 'user_Pref ("browser.wfe .ignore_def _check", true):. Cn thn i t "true" thnh "false". Lu, sau thot ri khi ng li Navigator. Hp thoi yu cu chn mc nh li xut hin, lc ny bn c th cho Navigator ln "chiu trn". Chia s d liu Sao lu Bookmark/Favorite. Bn b ra th gi qu bu thu thp cc URL. Gi, trc khi th bt c mo no, hy t v bng cch sao lu cc Bookmark v Favorite. Khng quan trng bn ang dng trnh duyt no, cch d nht lm vic ny l m Windows Explorer, nhn <Ctrl> v ko mt bn sao ca tp tin bookmark.htm trong Navigator (trong cng th mc vi prefs.js) hoc th mc Favorites ca Internet Explorer (n phi nm trong th mc Windows) sang a mm hay mt vng khc trn a cng. a Navigator Bookmark vo Favorites ca Internet Explorer. Nh a cc Bookmark ca Navigator vo danh mc Favorite ca Internet Explorer, bn s c th truy cp ngay lp tc mi Bookmark t trong Internet Explorer. Vic ny cng n gin nh thm mt ng tt vo tp tin bookmark.htm. V sau, mi khi bn thm mt Bookmark mi, n s c t ng b sung vo Favorites. Trong IE 3.x v 4.x, chn File.Open, chn Browse, t "Files of type" thnh All Files, ri tm n tp tin bookmark.htm trong mc "Look in". Tm thy xong th nhn kp vo tp tin ny a n vo hp thoi Open. Nhn OK, IE s hin th Bookmark ca Navigator nh nhng lin kt . Trn menu ca IE, nhn Favorites.Add to Favorites, t tn cho lin kt dn n Navigator Bookmarks, sau nhn OK. l l! By gi bn c th nhn vo cc Bookmark ca Navigator nh bt k Favorite no trong Internet Explorer. Chuyn Favorite ca Internet Explorer thnh Bookmark ca Navigator. Netscape khng cho bn d dng chuyn Favorite thnh Bookmark. Gii php r tin nht l IE Import and Export Favorites Tool (cng c xut nhp Favorite) ca Microsoft, min ph (www .microsoft.com/msdownload/ieplatform/favtool/favtool.asp). Tin ch ny ch c 50KB, nhng c th nhp Bookmark thnh Favorite v ngc li lu Favorite thnh Bookmark. Nhng hy coi chng: khi a cc Favorite ca IE vo Navigator, tin ch ny s xa lun v th ch tp tin bookmark ban u; do , nu mun c hai u song song tn ti, trc tin bn phi nhp cc Bookmark vo Internet Explorer (dng th thut nu trn), sau mi thay tp tin Bookmark bng cc Favorite hp nht. QuikLink Explorer ca hng QuikLink (www.quiklinks.com/explorer) l mt gii php tt v li n gin hn. N nhp cc Bookmark t Navigator, IE, Opera v Mosaic vo mt c s d liu bookmark tp trung. Khi lu bookmark trong c s d liu ny, bn s mc nhin truy cp c bookmark t bt c trnh duyt no trong s k trn. Hin c mt phin bn QuikLink min ph cho php t chc cc bookmark trong mt trnh duyt, nhng vi nhiu trnh duyt, bn s phi mua phin bn Standard gi 20 USD.

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Chuyn s a ch. Trong qu trnh ci t, c Netscape v Internet Explorer u nhp s a ch (Address Book) t cc trnh duyt khc (v t cc phin bn trc ca cng mt trnh duyt). Nhng nu bn mun ci t xong xui ri mi nhp s a ch th sao? Trong Internet Explorer 3.x, chn Go.Read Mail m Internet Mail; sau nhn File.Import ri chn cc tp tin thch hp. Mun nhp s a ch hoc e-mail t mt chng trnh khc vo IE 4.x, bn m Outlook Express, nhn File.Import, k chn Address Book hoc Messages. Chn xong th nhn Import. Nu dng Navigator 3.x, bn phi dng tin ch ca hng th ba nh E-mail Address Book Conversions ca InterGuru, gi 20 USD (www.interguru.com/mailconv.htm), mt chng trnh dng chuyn qua li cc tp tin s a ch ca Eudora, Outlook Express, cng nh Netscape Messenger v Mail. Nu dng Navigator 4.x th d hn: bn ch cn m Messenger, sau l Address Book bng cch chn Communicator.Address Book. Nhn File.Import. Sau bn c th nhp tp tin a ch t Eudora Outlook Express hoc bt c s a ch no di dng LDIF hoc text. Netscape khc nhiu thng tin trc tuyn v vic chuyn IE 3.x v 4.x sang Commu-nicator; hy tm a ch help .netscape.com/kb/client/970709-1.html. Cc site c c ti u ha cho trnh duyt ca bn? C Netscape ln Microsoft u i hi mt s Web site nht nh phi ti u ha cho trnh duyt ca h. Vy liu bn c ang b mt mt s tnh nng mi hu ch v khng dng ng trnh duyt khng? Sau khi tm kim cc site ti u ha, ngi ta pht hin rng mt s site ch lm vic vi Internet Explorer m thi, chng hn site Investor ca Microsoft (hnh bn), hoc mt chic xe but nh trng vui nhn ch Mickey cng b bn bng qua trang ch ca Disney. Ngoi nhng ci nu trn th vi im khc bit c tm thy ch l "ru ria" m thi; ng thi, ngi ta khng thy mt site no c nhng tnh nng dnh ring cho Navigator. Vy bn chng vic g phi phn vn khng bit chn trnh duyt no, bi d chn bn no bn cng khng mt mt g lm. Nng cao hiu nng B bt hnh nh. C l trc y, bn tng nghe ni chuyn ny, nhng iu c ch th d lp li vn khng tha. Nu mc ch chnh ca bn l ti xung cng nhanh cng tt, bn cn c gng loi b cc hnh ha, m thanh v hnh nh ng, v thit lp mc nh ch ti xung vn bn (text-only loading) cho trnh duyt. Nu bn dng IE 3.x, nhnView.Options, chn General ri xa hp kim tra Show Pictures. Nu bn dng IE 4.x, chn View.Internet Options .Advanced, sau xa tt c cc kim tra trong phn Multimedia. Trong Navigator 3.x, chn Options ri xa kim tra Auto Load Images. Trong Navigator 4.x, nhn Edit .Preferences, chn Advanced, sau xa Automatically load images. Nhng rt cuc bn vn tht s mun c hnh nh? ng lo. Ch cn nhn chut phi vo biu tng hnh nh ri nhn Show Picture (trong IE 3.x v 4.x), Load Image (trong Navigator 3.x) hoc Show Image (trong Navigator 4.x). Hon thin hnh nh. Power Toys for IE 4.x ca Microsoft (www.microsoft.com/ie/ie40/powertoys/default.htm) c hng lot tin ch thng minh kim

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sot ha trn Web. Nu bn ngy tn c vic chuyn i gia ch vn bn v ch ha, hy th dng Image Toggler. Tin ch ny nm trn thanh cng c Link (kt ni) ca IE 4.x; bn ch cn nhn chut ti xung hoc b qua cc hnh nh. Vi mt Power Toy khc l Zoom In/Zoom Out, bn ch cn nhn chut phi l c th phng i nhng hnh ha b xu. Vi Web Search, bn nhn chut phi nu mun a nhng t kha vo cng c truy tm mc nh, kt qu hiu nghim ngay. Mt quan h n nh hn. Bt c s c no trn trnh duyt u c th lm Windows tr nn bt n. Hu qu tht khn lng: nh th mt ng dng no b "nng lnh", nng th mn hnh mu xanh ca Microsoft hon ton cht cng. Trong Navigator, bn c th nhn <Ctrl>-<Alt><Delete> gi hp thoi Close Program, nhng vic ny li c th lm cho nhng chng trnh ang m khc cng trc trc theo bi hiu ng "min". Cch tt nht l "ngm ng nut cay" khi ng li. Ring IE 4.x cho bn mt gii php khc: Trc khi b s c, hy nhn View .Internet Options.Advanced, k nh du vo hp Browse in a new process (hnh 1). Nh thao tc ny, h thng s m mt phin bn IE ring bit ch khng np IE vo cng mt ca s m sn cho Windows. Nh vy m trong trng hp IE 4.x l c ng ni bng ln na, n s khng ko Windows cng chm theo. Duyt nhanh hn. Bng cch i hai thng s trong Registry gi l MTU (Maximum Transmission Units) trong Windows 95, tc duyt trong c Navigator ln Internet Explorer s tng ln trng thy. Nu bn ngn ngi lo b mc kt trong m bng bong ca Registry, c th mua mt tin ch ca hng th ba, gi 10 USD lm gip bn: MTUSpeed (www.mjs.unet .com/mike.htm). Thu nh tp tin d liu. Mi ln bn thm mt Web site, Internet Explorer lu History (tc thng tin theo di nhng ln truy cp ca bn) v thng tin v cache trong nhng tp tin c ui .dat. Cng lu nhiu, cc tp tin li cng phnh to hn. Mc d Microsoft khng a chuyn ny, nhng xa cc folder Cache v/hoc History trong IE 3.x v 4.x khng phi bao gi cng lm cc tp tin tr li kch thc mc nh ban u l 8KB, 16KB hoc 32KB. Bn c th t mnh xem bng cch m du nhc DOS (chn Start .Programs.MS-DOS prompt) ri tm n th mc lu cache v history (cd c:\windows\tempor~ hoc cd c:\windows\history), sau tm cc tp tin c ui .dat. Nu m cc tp tin , bn s thy tt c cc URL m bn " xa". Vn y l g? Khng phi ch c n thun l cc tp tin c ui .dat ny s gip nhng k thc mch theo di bn i n u trn Web, m Internet Explorer s bt u chy chm khi cc tp tin ny phnh ln c 200 KB. V khi chng t n 500 KB, chng trnh bt u trc trc. Mt gii php l xa c hai tp tin, nhng bn phi lm vic trong DOS ch khng phi Windows. Nhn Start.Shut Down.Restart in MS-DOS mode. Ti du nhc C:\>, g deltree c:\windows\history, k nhn <Enter> (trong IE 4.x, ng dn l c:\windows \profiles\yourname\history). K nh deltree c:\windows \tempoA1 ri nhn <Enter> (Vic lm ny c th mt 15 pht nu cc tp tin .dat qu ln). Khi bn m trnh duyt ln sau, h thng s to li c hai tp tin .dat ny, nhng l hai tp tin trng. C mt cch hay hn, nhng tn tin. Bn c th x l kch c tp tin v thng xuyn trit tiu mi d liu v c nhn trong cache, history v cc tp tin .dat bng cch dng chng trnh TweakIE 2.0, gi 15USD (www.wizsys.com/tweakie.html). Vi tnh nng qut IE (IESweep), cng c ny s xa cc folder cache v history ri ti lp li cc tp tin .dat v kch thc trng. Tin ch ny cng cnh bo bn khi cc tp tin .dat tr nn ln c th nh hng n hiu nng ca trnh duyt.

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Vit li History. Navigator cng duy tr mt history (danh mc lu) cc site bn thm gn y nht, tuy rng vic ny khng lm chm tc h thng. Nu khng mun cho ai khc bit bn n nhng u, bn phi xa n i. Vi Navigator 3.x, mi ln tt chng trnh th history t ng b xa. Cn trong Navigator 4.x, bn chn Edit .Preferences, chn Navigator ri nhn Clear History. Phin l ch tp tin History ca Netscape, cng nh cc tp tin .dat ca IE, u lu li thng tin. Mun xa hn du vt nhng chuyn du ngon trn Internet, bn ch cn cch xa tp tin ny. Thot Navigator, m Windows Explorer ri nhn F3. Khi ca s "Find: All Files" xut hin, bn tm tp tin netscape.hst, thng nm C:\Program Files\Netscape \Communicator\Users\tn bn. Nhn chut phi ri chn Delete. Dng chung cache. Nu chy Navigator 3.x v 4.x trn cng mt my tnh, v nu bn mun thit k trang Web, bn c th tng tc c hai trnh duyt v tit kim khng gian a cng bng cch buc chng dng chung mt cache. Trong Navigator 4.x, nhn Edit .Preferences, nhn du cng k bn Advanced m rng n ri nhn Cache. Trong hp Disk Cache Folder, g vo v tr tp tin cache ca Navigator 3.x (thng l c:\program files\netscape \navigator\cache). Trong Navigator 3.x, nhn Options .Network Preferences, v trn mc Cache trong hp Disk Cache Directory, g vo v tr tp tin cache ca Navigator 4.x (thng l c:\program files\netscape \users\tn bn\cache). nh hng d dng T Windows 98 sang Web. Thm ch d khng dng IE 4.x hay Navigator, bn vn c th nhy t desktop ca Windows ln Web bng cch to mt Address Bar (thanh a ch) trong thanh tc v ca Windows 98. Mun m Address Bar, bn nhn phm phi vo thanh tc v ri chn Toolbars, k chn Address. tit kim "mt bng" qu bu ca thanh tc v, bn c th thu hp n ti thiu mi ca s m bng cch nhnAddress Bar, k , khi con tr chut i thnh mi tn bn u, bn ko thanh a ch ln u desktop. G URL bn mun vo thanh a ch ri nhn <Enter>, th l trnh duyt mc nh s c t ng np. Chuyn Bookmark/Favorite thnh trang ch. Bng cch chuyn cc tp tin bookmark thnh trang ch, bn ch cn nhn chut mt ci l vo ngay c site a thch nht. Trong Navigator 3.x, nhn Options, chn General Preferences, k di Browser Start With, thay a ch URL bng ng dn n tp tin bookmark.htm ca bn. Trong Navigator 4.x, chn Edit .Preferences, di Category chn Navigator. Di "Navigator starts with", cn bo m rng nt Home Page c chn (hnh 2), v thay a ch URL trong hp Location bng ng dn n tp tin bookmark.htm ca bn (thng l c:\Program Files\Netscape \Users\tn bn). Nhn OK ng hp thoi v lu cc thng s ny. Thot ri khi ng li Navigator, sau th tha h i u trn Web ty . Tuy nhin, bn khng th chuyn Favorites trong IE thnh trang ch IE, nhng thay vo bn c th dng cc bookmark ca Navigator. M IE 3.x hoc 4.x, nhn File.Open, nhn Browse, sau tm tp tin bookmark.htm ca Navigator. Nhn Open, sau nhn OK. Khi cc bookmark ca Navigator hin th, nhn View.Options, k nhn Navigation (i vi IE 3.x) hoc Internet Options v nhn General (i vi IE 4.x). Trong vng Startup, nhn Use Current ri nhn OK. Vy l mi khi IE c ti th Bookmark ca Navigator cng c np theo. Chuyn Bookmark/Favorite thnh nt bm (button). Bn c c bit thch hai, ba site no v ngy no cng thm chng khng? Thay v phi sn lng nhiu th mc tm cc site , bn c th chuyn chng thnh nt trn thanh cng c, ch cn nhn chut l bn truy cp c ngay. C IE 4.x ln Navigator 4.x u c thm mt thanh cng c m bn c th m ra ng li t menu

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View. Bn c th t t su n tm site ln tng thanh cng c; nu nhiu hn th thanh cng c s qu cng knh v khng chiu theo bn na. Mun hin th Link Toolbar trong IE 4.x, nhn View.Toolbars .Links. Trong IE 3.x, nhn View.Options.General, sau nh du hp Links. Trn menu, nhn Favorites ri ko bt c URL hoc th mc no vo thanh cng c Links. Mun m Personal Toolbar trong Navigator 4.x, bn nhn View.Show Personal Toolbar (nu Personal Toolbar hin th ri, trn menu s l Hide Personal Toolbar. Nhn <Ctrl>-B hiu chnh cc bookmark, sau ko bookmark v "th" ln thanh cng c. Nhn kp kch hot thanh cng c ny. Xem cc Favorite di dng thu nh (thumbnail). Bn lt Web hng my ting ng h, tch cp hng m favorite trn IE 4.x, th ri bng bn nhn ra mnh cn ti xung mt bc nh c thy trc nhng b qua. Thay v phi nhn dn dp vo nt Back (tr li) hoc mt tm trong danh mc lu (History), bn c th xem trc cc site a thch di dng thu nh (thumbnail) m khng phi truy cp chng, vi iu kin bn cha xa cache v cha thot khi Active Desktop. T Windows Explorer, nhn Favorites.Organize Favorites, sau nhn chut phi vo th mc m bn mun xem trc. T menu xut hin, chn Properties, nh du Enable thumbnail view, nhn OK ri ng hp thoi Organize Favorites. Gi bn m th mc trong Windows Explorer, nhn chut phi vo khong trng trong ca s ri chn View .Thumbnail. N y ri! T nay tr i, mun xem th mc v th mc con no, bn ch cn lp li quy trnh ny; hin nhin bn khng c cch no xem tt c cng mt lc c. Quay li hoc tin nhanh. Cn quay lui (hoc tin ti) su trang trong lc bn ang rt vi ? Chng vic g phi nhn lin tc nt Back hay Forward. Trong IE 4.x, ch cn nhn vo mi tn hng xung nm bn phi nt Back hoc Forward, bn c danh mc cc site mi thm gn y nht. Trong Navigator 4.x, bn c th nhn ri gi nguyn nt Back hoc Forward l c danh mc tng t, sau chn site bn cn. Tm kim nhanh. Bn c bit trnh duyt ca bn cng l mt cng c truy tm rt d s dng khng? Trong thanh Address ca IE 3.x v IE 4.x, bn g "go" hoc "find" hoc "?" theo sau l mt du cch (space) v t hoc cu m bn mun xc nh, IE s truy tm Yahoo. Trong Navigator 4.x, bn cn g vo thanh nh v thm vi ba ch na ri nhn Enter. Nu mun tm kim vi mt t m thi, bn g mt du cng v mt du cch trc t (nu ch g mt t duy nht m khng c du cng, trnh duyt s cho rng bn mun vo Web site v t ng chm "www." vo trc v ".com" vo sau t ). Navigator 4.x tm n cng c tm kim mc nh ca Netcenter. Navigator 4.5 th c mt tnh nng rt hay gi l What's Related nng cao kh nng tm kim bng cch a bn n ni dung lin quan c cha t kha . Tm n tn site c th. Navigator 4.5 cn tin xa hn mt bc trong vic tm kim t thanh cng c Location. Tnh nng mi Internet Keyword c th truy tm n mt site c th. Cc t kha c so trng vi mt c s d liu gm cc thng hiu, cho nn nu bn g "America Airlines" chng hn, chng trnh s a bn n thng Web site ca hng hng khng Hoa K. Nu Navigator khng tm thy ci bn tm trong c s d liu Netcenter, n s i n ch mc Excite-Netscape Web ti Netcenter ca Netscape tm . Ct k mt khu. E-mail, ni mng qua in thoi, kt ni LAN, v gi n lt Web site - hu nh ngy nay tt tt mi th u i mt khu, v nh cho ht tng y mt khu th qu l au u.

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Mt s site sn sng nh mt khu gim bn, nhng khng phi bao gi chng cng lm c nh th. Hin nhin, bn c th vit cc mt khu ra giy hoc chp chng vo mt tp tin PIM hoc x l vn bn, nhng gii php tt nht l lu chng trong Bookmark ca Navigator 3.x hay 4.x. Nhn <Ctrl>-B m menu Bookmark, k nhn chut phi vo Bookmark cho site ang yu cu mt khu ri chn Properties. Hp thoi Bookmark Properties s xut hin; bn c th nhp mt khu hay nhng thng tin khc vo hp Description (hnh 3). D nhin, bt c ai c c mnh ny (hay nhn trm vo hp thoi Properties) u c th thy mt khu. Nu vn bo mt thc s l h trng i vi bn, hy th mt tin ch loi nh Password Memorizer ca The Limit Software, gi 15 USD (www.limitsoft.com). Trn Tin Cao ng US PC World 11/1998

Bn phi tha nhn rng trn my tnh ca bn ang c nhng file m bn khng mun bt c ai thy: bn nh gi nng lc nhn vin, s liu bn hng trong thng, thm ch l th t tnh ca mt c ng nghip. Ngh k m xem, c th bn cng c nhiu e-mail cn gi kn na . Cc thi quen ca bn khi lt trn Web cng vy; thch n site no v xem nhng th g l chuyn ring ca bn ch chng ca ai khc, ng khng no? Tht khng may, gi cho mnh c ring t tht chng d g trong thi i k thut s. Cho d k trm khng n cp cc file khi my bn, thng tin v bn vn c r r ra ngoi mi khi bn lt trn Web. Bi "Bo v s ring t trn Net" trong s trc (PCWorld VN 10/1998, trang 99) mch mt s cch bo mt cc file v hot ng ca bn trn Web. Trong bi ny, bn s bit c nhng sn phm no l tt nht cho vic trin khai k hoch bo mt mi. PCW US th nghim 28 sn phm bao gm cc tin ch chng cookie (xem nh ngha v cookie trang 66 v trong phn thut ng trang 69), chng mail v vn v m ha thng ip, cng nh vi cng c bo mt khc. y l nhng sn phm gip bn loi b mi k thc mch, ti nh hay vn phng. Nhiu th trong s chng c gi tr g, nhng bn cng c th tm c trong mi loi t nht mt sn phm ng ci t. Mt s sn phm khc ang bo trc khuynh hng ngy cng tng trong cng ngh bo mt: l sinh trc hc (biometrics). Nhng thit b ny kim tra cc s o sinh l hc nh vn tay v mng mt ca bn ri mi quyt nh cho bn truy cp d liu hay khng (xem bi "Ch mnh bn m thi" - trang 45 cng trong s ny). Trong phn "Chnh c th bn l mt khu: tng lai ca bo mt l khoa sinh trc hc" - trang 75, bn thy rng cc sn phm bo mt bng sinh trc hc mi nht trn th trng lm vic rt tt. Bi vy, hy chun b ngay by gi my tnh ca bn tip nhn cng ngh mi ny. ng qu tin vo nhng phn mm dng chung (shareware) Nhiu tin ch bo mt, c bit l cc phn mm dng chung (shareware) v min ph (freeware) r tin, u ng ng v gi tr s dng. Chng hn, hu ht tin ch chng cookie dng th u chng b sung c bao nhiu ngoi nhng g Navigator v Internet Explorer xa nay vn cung cp. Nhng c hai ngoi l, l Cookie Pal ca Kookaburra Software v Anonymous Cookie ca Luckman Interactive. Nh cc sn phm ny, bn s c th n trnh mi cookie (nh cc cookie mch lo m hu ht Web site lu vo cng qun l cc thi quen ca bn khi lt trn Web).

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Cng nn coi chng c cc tin ch chng spam (mail v vn). Nhiu sn phm loi ny chng tit tr cc e-mail v vn tt hn so vi cc b lc ci t sn trong trnh duyt hoc ca cc ISP vn lm. Thc t l trong tm sn phm th nghim, ch c SpamScan - sn phm ca Webstar Image bn chy nht (gi 23 USD) l d dng v tht s nh phng mi e-mail v vn m thi. D hu ht chng trnh m ha e-mail u lm vic kh, PGP for Personal Privacy (40 USD, ca Network Associates) vn tt hn c trong s bn sn phm xem th. N tng thch vi nhiu chng trnh e-mail nht v lm cho e-mail khng th c c vi bt c ai ngoi tr ngi nhn e-mail . Nu bit rng d liu trn my ca bn l bt kh xm phm i vi k thc mch, hn bn s ng ngon hn phi khng? Th th c l n lc np thm mt chng trnh m ha file vo my. Cc gi phn mm ny "chuyn h" tng file, tng th mc, thm ch ton b cng. Sn phm hng nht theo nh gi SecureWin ca Secure-Win Technologies gi 50USD, c th m ha v lm c nhiu th na. Bo mt cho cng ty Bo v d liu ca ring bn l mt chuyn; nhng nu phi bo mt d liu ca ton b cng ty th sao? Hy ung hai vin aspirin ri c phn "Bo mt ti ni lm vic sau hng ro km gai" - trang 71, s c hng dn cch trin khai mt k hoch bo mt cho c cng ty. Cui cng, nu bn chng mt bi m bng bong nhng thut ng v bo mt, hy cht li vi phn thut ng trong bi.

Bn c thng nhn cookie t ngi l khng ? C l khng, tr khi lt trn Web. Sau mi ln bn thm, hu ht cc site u m thm ti (download) rt nhiu cookie - l nhng chui vn bn ghi nhn cc thi quen v s thch ca bn trn Web - xung mt file trn a cng ca bn. Nhiu ngi dng my tnh rt phn n vi s xm phm v hnh nu nh h bit c. Mc cho ci thi xm ln ngang nhin , hu ht cc loi cookie u c ch. Visitor Cookie theo di mi ln bn n thm mt site no , nh vy bn truy xut trang nhanh hn khi tr li ln sau. Preference Cookie lu tr chi tit nhng thng s bn ci t cho hnh nh hay d liu trn trang , khi m ln sau, trang Web s xut hin ng bn. Cn cookie gi l Shopping Basket ghi nhn nhng g bn mua t catalog trc tuyn. Nhng cookie "theo di" (tracking cookie) mi l th kh nut. c dng ch yu bi nhng tiu qung co xut hin trn cc trang Web (thm ch bn chng cn phi nhn vo mc qung co ), cookie theo di duy tr mt danh sch tc thi (running list) nhng site bn va gh thm. Bt c Web site no m bn phi cung cp thng tin v mnh mi c php ng nhp u c th truy cp sau vo file cookie theo di, ghi nhn cc site a thch v a ch e-mail ca bn (bng cch i chiu s ID ca cookie vi d liu ng nhp ca bn) ri ly thng tin m mua i bn li vi k khc. Vi Cookie Pal, bn nhn c thng bo lu khi mt Web site gi cho bn cookie. C Netscape ln Internet Explorer u cho bn phong ta cc cookie, hoc tt c hoc tng ci mt. Netscape 4.0 cng cho php bn cch ly tng cookie theo di - cookie t cc nh qung co loi b bng cch chn thng s "Accept only cookies that get sent back to the originating server (ch chp nhn nhng cookie c th gi tr li my ch xut pht)". Vi hu ht ngi dng, chng ty chn cng va kim sot cookie. Nhng nu bn chng mun trng cy

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vo cc cng c chng cookie ci sn trong trnh duyt th sao? Hay nu bn khng thch phi h hi li qua hng t li nhc v cookie mi ln lt trn Web? D sao, bn khng th cm hon ton mi th cookie, bi v nhiu site, chng hn The New York Times (www.nyt.com) i bn phi chp nhn mt cookie th mi cho php truy cp. Chnh y, sn phm ngn chn cookie th ba c th rt hu ch. Nhiu tin ch chuyn dng kiu ny hot ng nh nhng b bin tp cung cp giao din thn thin thanh lc file cookie ca bn. Tin ch tt nht trong s c th c cu hnh t ng chp nhn ch cc cookie n t mt s site nht nh, nh bn khng bao gi phi nhn vo hp thoi yu cu chp nhn na. Qua kim tra by cng c qun l cookie, th hu ht trong s chng ng cho bn quan tm. Tuy vy, hai chng trnh Cookie Pal 1.2 ca Kookaburra Software v Anonymous Cookie ca Luckman Interactive c th b sung vi tnh nng hu dng vo trnh duyt ca bn. COOKIE PAL 1.2 Mt trong s t cc cng c ngn chn cookie hu ch nht. Cookie Pal 1.2 nm trong khay Windows ca bn v t ng kch hot ch nn bt c khi no bn vo Web. Hp thoi kiu tab ca n hin th nhng cookie m bn nhn c v cho bn xa tng ci mt. Khng nh cc chng trnh khc, n cn cho php to nhng b lc (filter) chp nhn hoc khc t cookie t mt s site c th, cng nh xem cookie c ti xung trong tc v duyt hin hnh bn c th xa ngay lp tc. N li cn ku mt ting "mmmm" rt d thng mi khi bn chp nhn mt cookie. Cookie Pal 1.2: 290KB, 15 USD; Kookaburra Software; www .kburra.com, cplsetup.exe ANONYMOUS COOKIE Anonymous Cookie c t tnh nng hn Cookie Pal, nhng b li n min ph. Vi Internet Explorer, n c th khc t nhng cookie t cc nh qung co. Anonymous Cookie hot ng bng cch "la" cc site rng n chp nhn cookie khi lu chng vo b nh. Kt qu l bn c th thoi mi vo cc site xa nay vn i bn chp nhn cookie ri mi cho bn vo, m sau khng phi xa cc file khng mi m n. Anonymous Cookie; 1,4MB, min ph; Luckman Interactive; www .luckman.com, setupac_b2 .exe COOKIE CRUSHER 1.6 Cookie Crusher 1.6 s dng nhiu tnh nng ht nh sn phm cng gi l Cookie Pal chn cookie, nhng li chng tinh nhanh c nh th. Khng ging Cookie Pal, Cookie Crusher nhy sng cc hp thoi trn mn hnh ri mi t ng ng li, ch lm ngt qung mt cch khng cn thit (v gy bc mnh). Cookie Crusher 1.6; 865KB; 15 USD, dng chung; The Limit Software; www .thelimitsoft .com, cookie.exe SpamScan 97 cho php bn chp nhn hoc t chi cc loi e-mail khc nhau mt cch t ng thng qua trnh setup wizard n gin. IECLEAN 4.2 v NSCLEAN 4.10 IEClean 4.2 (cho Internet Explorer) v NSClean 4.10 (cho Navigator) l nhng b bin tp cache trnh duyt v cookie t tin. Bn c mua cc sn phm ny nu mun trit tiu du vt ca mnh trn Web bng cch xa c chn lc cc bng chng bn n nhng u. Bng khng, hy tin mua nhng th khc. IEClean 4.2; 934KB; 40 USD, dng chung; ied32301 .exe; NSClean 4.10; 1MB; 40 USD dng chung; c hai u ca Privacy Software; IEClean 4.2; 934KB; 40 USD, dng chung; ied32301.exe; NSClean 4.10; 1MB; 40 USD dng chung; c hai u ca Privacy Software; www.nsclean.com. COOKIE CRUNCHER 2.11

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Bn ch bn tm n Cookie Cruncher 2.11. N ch bit c mi mt vic l cho bn xem v theo di cookie t cng, l nu bn cho n chy c (rt kh khi ng c n). Th c dng trnh qun l file Explorer v Notepad cn hn. Cookie Cruncher 2.11; 880KB; min ph; RBA Software; www .rbaworld.com, cook211.zip BUZOF 1.4.4 Mc ch duy nht ca Buzof 1.4.4 l loi b cc hp thoi pop-up, k c cc ca s yu cu chp nhn cookie. Tt hn bn hy tm mt tin ch cho php ch chp nhn mt s loi cookie chn lc m thi, nh l Cookie Pal (chn la s mt ca chng ti). Buzof 1.4.4; 310KB; 15 USD dng chung; Basta Computing; www.basta.com, setup buzof.exe ANTI-COOKIE 1.0 BETA Tuy mnh danh l beta (bn th), Anti-Cookie 1.0 Beta l sn phm hon chnh, th nhng v hiu nng th ng ng hn c mt bn tin-alpha. Chng lm cch no cho n chy vi Netscape Navigator 4.05 c c. Anti-Cookie 1.0 Beta; 2.9MB; 10USD dng chung; 2Dudes.com, www .2dudes.com, cookie10.zip.

Mail v vn, ting Anh (chnh xc l ting Anh-M, ND) l spam, nhi theo mu qung co "tht vai ln bm" tr danh ca nh Hormel, l nhng e-mail bn khng mong mun, khng mi m n. Lm cch no cc spammer (tc nh qung co c tnh quy ry bn bng nhng mail qung co v vn ) tm ra bn? Bn li a ch e-mail ca mnh nhiu ni, nhiu n ngc nhin l khc. Chng hn, nu bn ng nhp vo mt Website, n lt mnh site c th gi mail cho bn v cc sn phm v dch v mi nht, hoc bn a ch ca bn cho mt cng ty tip th (mt s site cho bn ty chn khng nhn cc mail qung co, nhng bn rt d b qua hp ty chn nh xu trong khi ng nhp vo site). Nu pht m vi cc mail v vn, hy nh li chng. Mt s khch hng v phn mm email (nh Eudora, Outlook v America Online - AOL) c c nhng b lc c bit chuyn tr mail v vn, nhng cc ng dng th ba th c kh nng ty bin nhiu hn. Hu ht b lc ca khch hng (client) kt hp nhng t hay dng nht trong tiu ca cc mail v vn (nh "t do", "lm giu chp nhong", "XXX", "sex"...) km theo a ch cc spammer kht ting. Mt phn mm tr spam tt cn c th tng cng s bo mt ny bng cch cho php b sung thng tin. Chng hn, mt s sn phm cho bn ty lp danh mc cc a ch cn phong ta hoc c php ca ring bn.

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SecureWin h tr vic m ho tp tin, folder v a, cng nh a ra nhiu c tnh hu ch v c o. Khi th nghim, ngi ta thit lp mt account e-mail gi, ci t ring r tm chng trnh lc mail ri gi n a ch ca chnh ni th nghim mi thng ip v vn in hnh (kiu nh "Bn c cn nhiu tin hn khng ?"). Kt qu cho thy nhiu tin ch lc mail thuc loi add-on (thm vo) u v hiu, v hu ht chng khng th hot ng trn nhng chng trnh e-mail ring khng thuc chun Internet, chng hn AOL v Lotus Notes. Tuy nhin, c hai chng trnh rt hay, l SpamScan97 ca Webster Image v Spam Buster 1.4 ca Contact Plus. SPAM SCAN97 Spam Scan97 loi b d dng cc mail v vn. N tm c tng thng ip ba lp c gi ti. y l chng trnh tr spam d thit lp v s dng nht. Spam Scan97 cho bn mt danh mc cc t kha (keywords, tc cc t hay dng nht) trong cc mail v vn cng nh cc domain "cm", v bn c th b sung nhng a ch a thch hoc "a ch cm" v "t cm" ca ring bn vo . Th l mnh cm ca lun nhng thng ip ng ng chnh chnh th sao? Bn c th lp nhng b lc ch nh khi no th khc t thng thng mt thng ip cn khi no cho php ngoi l. Spam Scan97; 2,19MB; 23 USD dng chung; Webster Image; webster-image .com; scan97.zip. SPAM BUSTER 1.4 Cng nh Spam Scan97, Spam Buster kin quyt chn ng mi e-mail linh tinh. N c th qut cc thng ip e-mail trc khi bn m chng trnh mail, hoc bn cng c th m mail ngay trong Spam Buster sau khi n xa sch cc thng ip khng mong mun. Spam Buster da trn mt danh mc chng 15.000 a ch chuyn gi mail v vn m bn c th iu chnh bng cc thng s ca chnh bn cng nh c th cp nht min ph qua Website ca cng ty (sau khi bn ng nhp). Tuy nhin, ngi mi dng c th gp kh khn trong vic tm mt s chc nng trong giao din kh ri rm ca Spam Buster. Spam Buster 1.4; 1.1MB; 20 USD; dng chung; Contact Plus; www .contactplus.com; spam-bu32.zip MAILJAIL 2.3 L tin ch b sung cho Eudora v Microsoft Outlook 97, MailJail cng tm c tt c thng ip v vn, nhng n thn trng qu mc cn thit. Thay v t ng xa cc thng ip ng l qung co v vn, n li lu cc mail ny vo mt th mc ring sau bn phi duyt li v xa tng ci mt. Mc d cch ny bo m ch mail no ng xa th mi b xa, nhng li mt qu nhiu thi gian. MailJail 2.3; 20 USD dng chung; Omron Advanced Systems; www .mailjail.com SPAMKILLER 1.6 Phi ly lm bun m ni rng SpamKiller 1.6 chng tn nhn nh tn ca n (killer, k git ngi, k tn st). N s dng nhng quy tc c sn (v nhng quy tc bn thm vo) quyt nh s nh du cc thng ip xa sau hoc xa lp tc. Nhng SpamKiller him khi bp c ngay c vi cc mail v vn hin nhin nht. Trong s mi thng ip th nghim, n tm c c ba, m cng ch nh du thi. Spam-Killer 1.6; 1,7 MB; 30 USD dng chung; www.spamkiller.com; sk161.exe SPAM EXTERMINATOR 3.2 Spam Exterminator 3.2 ln ting rng c mt danh mc s a ch cc nh qung co linh tinh (spammer) - ti 17.500 ci - cha k bn cn c th c nhiu hn nh thng xuyn cp nht

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t Web. Th nhng n ch tm c ba trong mi mail th nghim, tht qu t. Nhng cha ht: thit lp Spam Exterminator rt tn th gi bi c qu nhiu nt v tab. Spam Exterminator 3.2; 1,5MB; 28USD dng chung; Unisyn Software; www.unisyn .com, sxsetup.exe SPAMMERSLAMMER SpammerSlammer khng t ng xa cc thng ip v vn. Thm ch n chng thm giam my thng ip li na! Thay vo , n gn vo mi thng ip mt ci nhn ty bn quyt nh dit ngay hay c k li . Hn na, Spammer-Slammer ch bt c mi hai trong s mi mail th nghim. SpammerSlammer; 1.4 KB; min ph; Now Internet Tools; www.spammerslammer.com., spammerslammer.exe. EFILTER 2.0 Khi th ci t ln u, EFilter 2.0 sut na quy nt my tnh th nghim. Cn khi th ln th hai, n a ra mt thng ip li k b. Rt cuc, cng khi ng c, n li cho qua ht chn trong s mi thng ip ba lp. Gi c th khi bn. EFilter 2.0; 2,64 MB; min ph (bn Pro 12 USD); TSW; www.eflash.com., filt262 .exe SPAM HATER Spam Hater c th pht hin spam, nhng chuyn kin thnh hnh ng li chng tt cho lm. Tht ra, n hon ton chng phong ta cc mail v vn, ng hn n ch phn tch cc tiu thng ip sau gi mail than phin vo a ch hi p ch nh. Th nhng hi p spam thm ch cn m chng - ch c ngha l xc nhn a ch e-mail ca bn v bt n xanh cho nh qung co chuyn quy ry c th tip tc quy ry bn. Spam Hater; 806KB; min ph; Net Services; www.cix.co.uk/net-services/spam/spam_hater .htm, spamh .exe.

Mi ngy c hng triu ngi s dng e-mail chia s thng tin c nhn - no lng lu, no mt khu, ca cm v ng xp - m khng nhn thc mi nguy cho quyn ring t ca h. Bt k ai thao tng c e-mail ca bn - t ngi qun l my ch cho n mt tay quy (hacker) - u c th c n. Bn lm sao t v y? Mt chng trnh m ha e-mail s giu thng ip ca bn khi nhng con mt c v bng cch "chuyn h" vn bn thng thnh mt m mt ng rc ri m ch ngi nhn e-mail mi gii m c. Nu cng ty bn tin hnh kinh doanh trn Internet, c l bn cng nn k mi e-mail ca mnh bng ch k s. Mt ch k s s bo m cho ngi nhn rng thng ip ny l ca chnh bn ch khng ai khc, hon ton loi tr kh nng mt tn la o hay ti phm c th mo danh bng cch lm gi a ch e-mail ca bn. Mt thng ip c ch k s cng c tc dng rng buc php l nh hp ng c k bng tay vy. Bn c th dng mt chng trnh e-mail vi quy cch m ha S/MIME (Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) m ha v k bng s cc thng ip; nhng c qua c li: bn phi tr mt khon l ph cho S/MIME mua b kha thng trc cho chnh mnh. V trong nhng ln trin khai trc y, S/MIME khng phi bao gi cng lm vic tt. Ni n gin l e-mail c m ha vi S/MIME bng mt s phin bn ca Netscape Messenger khng phi bao gi cng c th gii m bng cc phin bn ca Microsoft Outlook chng hn. D hin nay, Netscape v Microsoft tuyn b S/MIME c th lm vic mt cch hon ho gia cc phin bn ng dng mi nht ca h, bn vn c th s c rc ri vi S/MIME nu gp nhng chng trnh e-mail c hn.

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Nhng biu tng n gin ca PGP for Personal Privacy cho php bn nhanh chng thc hin m ha e-mail v kim chng. bo v e-mail ca bn trc nhng k thc mch, hy mua mt chng trnh m ha th ba. Khc vi trnh duyt c nhng kha gii m ring nn bn khng cn phi mua t bn th ba no na. Mt li im khc: nu bn v ngi bn gi e-mail c cng phn mm m ha, thm ch bn chng cn dng cng mt chng trnh e-mail vi ngi na. Cc tin ch c lp cn n t chng trnh m ha e-mail ci sn trong trnh duyt nh hiu qu bo mt cao hn. Cc chuyn gia m ha tuyn b rng e-mail c to bng b m ha 40bit (l th m trnh duyt cung cp) c th b tho tung bi mt phng vi tnh trng trung hc trong vng vi ting ng h. Cng theo cc chuyn gia , phi "n ngy tn th" may ra mt phng vi tnh trng trung hc mi c th b kha mt file c m ha nh cc kha 128-bit. Tt c cc gi phn mm c k y u cung cp b m ha t nht 40-bit. Nhng vi ci trong - k c PGP for Personal Privacy: sn phm hay nht - c th m ha e-mail bng cc kha di n 4096 bit, mt mc ton hc phc tp n mc lm cho e-mail thc s khng th ph v ni. PGP for Personal Privacy c th lm vic vi bt c chng trnh v loi ng dng e-mail no khc, thm mt l do ti sao so vi cc phn mm m ha khc, n bn t nh tm ti. Bn ch cn chn ri sao chp on vn bn mun m ha. PGP l ty chn m ha tt nht dng vi AOL hoc trong mt h thng e-mail vn phng nh Lotus Notes. Cn cc tin ch khc ch lm vic vi nhng phn mm e-mail da trn Simple Mail Transfer Protocol for Internet e-mail (giao thc chuyn mail n gin i vi e-mail trn Internet). PGP FOR PERSONAL PRIVACY gi kn thng tin in t ca bn, la chn hng u l PGP For Personal Privacy. Trong bn chng trnh th nghim, n d ci t v s dng nht. Hn na li min ph nu khng dng vo mc ch kinh doanh ( s dng trong kinh doanh, bn phi tr 40 USD cho Network Associates). Ging nh cc gi phn mm khc ni y, PGP cng dng phng thc m ha bng kha cng cng/kha c nhn (xem phn thut ng). Mun gi e-mail ring cho mt ngi dng PGP khc, bn phi c kha cng cng ca ngi . Nu c (ngi ta thng km thm kha cng cng ca mnh vo cui thng ip e-mail), bn c th sao v dn n vo ca s PGPKeys. Chng trnh PGPKeys cng cho bn truy tm nhng my ch c bit trn Internet c cha cc kha cng cng ca bt c ngi no gi ti. Khi tm thy kha cng cng cn thit, bn ch cn chn n t danh mc ri nhn nt Add. PGP lm vic vi bt c chng trnh no. Vic m ha tht qu d: ch cn nh du (highlight) vn bn, sao chp ri nhn vo biu tng PGP trn khay h thng. PGP s m ha hoc k bng ch k s bt c vn bn no trn clipboard. PGP for Personal Privacy; 40 USD (cho t chc kinh doanh); Network Associates; www.nai .com. RPK INVISIMAIL Nu bn dng Eudora ca Qualcomm, Outlook hay Exchange ca Microsoft hoc Messenger ca Netscape, RPK InvisiMail l mt ty chn m ha ng cho bn mt ti. RPK InvisiMail qun l tt c thng ip e-mail n v i ca bn, m ha v gii m chng trong nhy mt. Mi vic u t ng: RPK InvisiMail duy tr mt danh mc tc thi kha cng cng ca nhng ngi dng InvisiMail khc bng cch qut tiu tng thng ip gi n. Sau ny, khi bn gi thng ip n cng a ch , chng trnh s m ha e-mail bng kha cng cng thch hp. n lt mnh, RPK InvisiMail chn kha cng cng ca bn vo tiu cc thng ip gi i. V trn ht, chng trnh ny khng gy ln xn cho h thng ca bn (nh Mailguardian, s bn di y). RPK InvisiMail; min ph; Invisi-Mail, www .invisimail.com.

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MAILGUARDIAN Mailguardian cng bo v nhng chng trnh e-mail ht nh InvisiMail. Nhng c ha l in mi b InvisiMail m chn Mailguardian. Mailguardian xem chng khng n nh bng ( my ln n ph hng Eudora), li t tin (69 USD, trong khi InvisiMail v PGP min ph); v m ha chm hn; d liu ngho nn hn. Mailguardian; 69 USD; Vanguara Security Technologies; www .vguard.com. WORLDSECURE CLIENT WorldSecure Client tch hp kh trn tru vi Eudora, Outlook v nhiu ng dng e-mail khc na. N vn hnh cng tng t cc chng trnh kia, ngha l t ng nhn din kha ca nhng ngi khc km trong thng ip gi n cho bn v m ha vn bn mt thng ip e-mail gi ti ai trong c s d liu. Tuy nhin, ng dng ny gy kh chu vi hp thoi "OK to continue" (c tip tc khng?) lin tc bt tn trong khi bn thao tc trn mail. WorldSecure Client; 90 USD; www.worldtalk .com.

bao nhiu ln bn i n tra m vn my chy? Hay bao nhiu ln bn ri vn phng vo chiu th su m khng kha ca? Thm ch d bn kha k my li, mt ai vn c th c hay sao chp nhng file quan trng ca bn. Nu bn lo rng nhng k l mt c th t nhp vo my ca mnh, mt chng trnh m ha file c th gip bn n ngon ng yn. Cng nh cc chng trnh m ha e-mail, phn mm m ha file bo v cc thng tin nhy cm bng cch "chuyn h" n sao cho thm ch mt tn n cp a cng trang b bng cng c phc hi file cng khng c ni. Ngi ta xem th tm phn mm m ha v gii m tng file, tng th mc hay ton b a cng. Mn tt nht theo nh gi l Secure Win ca SecureWin Technologies, mt b cng c hng hu m ha v nhng tnh nng bo mt khc na. SECURE WIN Bn khng th kim ra phn mm no khc vi kh nng bo mt d liu hon ho hn vi cng mt gi tin nh Secure Win. N cung cp nhiu cng c, t nhng th mc m ha d s dng cho n ch k s, thm ch nhng tnh nng xa d liu ht nh trong phim trinh thm vy. Cng nh Norton Yours Eyes Only ca Symantec v Security 98 ca Encore Software, Secure Win cho bn to nhng th mc m ha c bit trong Windows Explorer. Ch cn ko file m bn mun m ha vo th mc , th l ni dung ca file s t ng c m ha. Nu l k a nghi c To Tho, bn s rt hi lng vi Secure Delete. L cng c in t tng ng vi my hy h s, Secure Delete ghi ln cc file xa bng nhng s 0 lin tc khin cho cng c phc hi file khng th no c c. Tnh nng thng dng nht ca Secure Win l Self Destruct: Bn ch cn n nh tiu chun (chng hn nhp sai mt khu 10 ln trong cng mt dng), chng trnh s t ng xa nhng file ch nh nu mt k t nhp khi hot c n. Hn khng cn ni thm rng bn cn sao d phng cc file c bo mt bng cch ny. Secure Win; 50USD; Secure Win Technologies; www. securewin.com. SECURPC 2.0 SecurPC em li nhiu tnh nng tinh vi cho ngi dng c ng cp, nhng ngay c lnh mi cng c th hc dng rt nhanh. Trong nhng kh nng hu ch nht ca n c tnh nng chuyn cc file m ha thnh nhng vi chng trnh (miniprogram) t gii m, mt c tnh rt tin li nu bn mun chia s cc file ny vi ngi khc. Nhc im duy nht: ngi nhn phi dng mt mt khu do bn cung cp truy xut ni dung, do vy gi l bo mt nhng v kha cnh

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no li c nguy c l kha gii mt. SecurPC 2.0; 59 USD; Security Dynamics; www.securid .com. SECURITY 98 Nu bn cn tin ch m ha n gin m li khng c chng trnh chng virus no, Security 98 s l mt gii php tt. N l mt trong nhng gi phn mm r tin nht v li c th chng virus, tnh nng tng s gp trong Norton Your Eyes Only ca Symantec. Tuy nhin, nu ci t mt ng dng chng virus khc trong my, n c th xung t vi chng trnh ci sn ca Security 98. Security 98; 39USD; Encore Software; www.encoresoftware .com. DATASAFE ENCRYPTION DataSafe Encryption l chng trnh cn bn d s dng c cng tnh nng nh SecurPC: n c th to nhng file t gii m, do l mt la chn kh b qua nu bn mun chia s cc file m ha vi ngi khc (mun gii m cc file, ngi nhn ch cn mt mt khu). DataSafe cng c th nn file, nhng n lm vic ny qu chm. DataSafe Encryption; 40 USD; Nova Store; www.novastor.com. ENTRUST/SOLO Bn mun cho mt s ngi trong cng ty c quyn truy cp mt file ti mt nhng sau theo di xem h sa g trong ? Entrust/Solo l th duy nht trong cc chng trnh gii thiu y lm c vic ny. N to nhiu mt khu sao cho c th kim sot mi hnh vi ca nhiu ngi dng khi cng m mt file m ha (mt file trn mng chng hn). y l mt trong hai chng trnh (cng vi Secure Win) cho bn k tn vo file m ha bng ch k s. Entrust/Solo; 49USD; Entrust Technologies; www.entrust.com. NORTON YOUR EYES ONLY 4.1 Do c qu nhiu giao din v thit k hi thin v k thut, Norton Your Eyes Only ging mt l ph tng bay thnh i hnh hn l my bay lp rp hon chnh. V th n trng tht ri rm, nhng u ch c vy, hu ht tnh nng ca n - nh th mc m ha nhanh, my hy giy, gim st vic sa i file m ha - cng chnh l nhng tnh nng bn c th gp cc chng trnh khc ch r bng phn na. Norton Your Eyes Only; 75 USD; Symantec; www.symantec.com. KREMLIN ENCRYPTION SECURITY SUITE 2.21 So vi mt ng dng m ha file th Kremlin Encryption Security Suite 2.21 kh r, nhng ngoi m ha file ra n ch bit mi vic nn file, trong khi bn c th lm vic ny bng mt tin ch min ph, chng hn PKZip. Bn b ra thm 15USD mua Secure Win th hn, v ngoi nn file Secure Win cn nhiu tnh nng khc na. Kremlin Encryption Security Suite 2.21; 35 USD; Mach5 Software; www.mach5.com/kremlin. ENCRYPT-IT Encrypt-It t nht so vi mi chng trnh khc y. Ngoi m ha, Encrypt-It bit hy d liu bng mt cng c ging nh Secure Delete; nhng cc tnh nng ca n cng ch c th. Encrypt-It; 89USD; Mae Dae Enterprises; www.maedae .com. Trn Tin Cao ng PC World US 9/1998

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Di y l cc thut ng bn cn bit cp nht vi ngn ng dng trong vn bo mt thng rt b him v rc ri. AUTHENTICATE (xc minh): kim chng xem ngi ang tm cch gi thng ip hay truy cp d liu c ng l ngi m anh ta (ch ta) t xng khng. authorize (trao quyn): cho hoc khng cho php ai truy cp d liu hay h thng. Trin khai kim sot vic trao quyn thng l bc u tin v c bn nht trong mt h thng bo mt. BIOMETRICS (sinh trc hc): l vic s dng cc c im sinh l nh du tay hoc nt mt xc minh mt ngi dng. CIPHERTEXT (vn bn m ha): l ni dung mt thng ip hoc file c m ha, khng th c c. COOKIE: l mt nhm vn bn m Website t vo mt file trn a cng ca bn sau khi bn thm site . Cookie dng nhn din khi bn truy cp site ln sau. DECRYPT (gii m): l chuyn vn bn t dng m ha sang dng thng thng c th c c. DIGITAL CERTIFICATE (chng minh th k thut s): l d liu (thng l vn bn) c mt ngi dng m ha hoc k vo thng ip gi cho ngi khc. Cn gi l kha cng cng (public key), gm c tn ngi dng, a ch e-mail v mt kha m ha. DIGITAL SIGNATURE (ch k s): l d liu bng vn bn - thng c thm vo phn chnh ca mt thng ip e-mail - m ngi nhn c th dng xc minh (authenticate) ngi gi c ng l ngi c tn khng. ENCRYPT (m ha): l chuyn d liu thnh m ring. FIREWALL (bc tng la): l mt my tnh vi phn mm i km, dng ngn chn ngi ngoi truy cp tri php vo mt mng my tnh ring. PASSWORD (mt khu): l mt lot ch s, ch ci hoc c hai, c tnh ring bit v n nht, cho php ngi dng truy cp d liu. Mt mt khu di c gi l mt ng (passphrase). PRIVATE KEY (kha c nhn): l mt tp d liu gn lin vi mt c nhn duy nht, dng gii m cc thng ip c m ha trc bng kha cng cng (public key) cng ca ngi . PUBLIC KEY (kha cng cng): l tp d liu gn lin vi mt ngi c th, nhng cc c nhn khc c th dng gi thng ip m ha cho ngi . Bi kha cng cng khng cha nhng thnh phn cn thit gii m thng ip, ta c th cung cp chng cho ngi khc m khng ngi g. SPAM (mail v vn): l mt e-mail dm dng, nhng nhiu, khng mi m n, thng do cc nh qung co gi ti.

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c nhng chuyn trn bo ch gn y, mt cng ty c th cho rng khng ai gy hi n an ton d liu ca h hn mt g thch chu du trn Web no . Cc hacker (tay quy) qu tht l mi e da v bo mt i vi cng ty, nhng nhn tng th ch l nhng nhn vt ph m thi. Nu cng vic ca bn l bo v cho h thng ca cng ty lun bt kh xm phm, di y l nm bc cn tin hnh c th bo mt ti a h thng ca bn. 1. Lp chnh sch u tin s mt phi l thit lp chnh sch bo mt c th. Ngoi nhng ni dung khc, chnh sch ny phi xc nh mc tiu bo mt ca cng ty l g. Thng thng, cc mc tiu gm ngn chn n cp thit b, tit l thng tin mt v bo m hot ng lin tc. Nhu cu bo mt ca mt ngn hng chng hn rt khc so vi nhu cu bo mt ca mt cng ty chuyn v cng c truy tm trn Web. 2. Bo v my tnh ca bn phng vic mt mt b RAM hay con chip CPU t tin l mi lo chnh ca cc doanh nghip c nhiu my tnh. Nhng my tnh t ni nhiu k ra vo c bit d b chiu c v s gim st khi c khi khng, nhng bn c th gim bt phn no ri ro nu dng cc kha v nhn ID. Hu ht my tnh xch tay u c rnh kha panel sau dng kha bng cp. ct c cp ca cng ty Kensington Microsaver, k cp s khng th khng lm hng nng chnh ci my (v th l my chng cn gi tr g trn th trng na). STOP (Security Tracking of Office Property) bn nhng nhn dnh (sticker) (bn l 25USD/chic, nu mua nhiu th 8,25USD/chic); cc nhn dnh ny gm mt m s ID v mt s in thoi gi trong trng hp tm thy my tnh b tht lc hoc n cp). Bn dn nhn dnh ny vo my tnh; nu c ai g ra, n s li mt "vt xm" trn my khng th no xo ni. Kensington MicroSaver; 25-50USD bn trong ca hng; Kensington; www .kensington.com; * Stop Plates: 8,25 n 25USD theo list; STOP; www .stoptheft.com. 3. Kim sot truy cp my ch Sau khi bo m bn n cp khng th r ti my tnh ca bn, cn tp trung vo bo v d liu cha trong cc my tnh . Cng c hu ch bo v mng l SecurID, mt my tnh va ng bng chic th tn dng c mn hnh tinh th lng. C mi pht, mt m s khc nhau li "phng ra" (pop-up) trn mn hnh "th" ny. Mun truy cp my ch, ngi dng phi nhp tn ngi dng v mt khu chun cng nh nhp ng m SecurID. SecurID; gi thay i; Security Dynamics; www.securid.com. 4. M ha d liu quan trng tng "m ha" thng gi nh v hot ng tnh bo thi chin tranh lnh, vi nhng ip vin b mt khoc mngt kn mt. Nhng trong thc t doanh nghip, vic m ha d liu c th bo v cng ty trc nguy c thng tin b tun ra ngoi mt cch tri php. Cng nh vi e-mail v file, bn c th bo v thng tin mt trn mt my ch Web bng cch m ha. Nu cng ty bn chy intranet v phn mm Web server c th m ha d liu, bn hy i mi URL thnh https: thay v http: - vic ny s khi hot chng trnh m ha ci sn trong

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cc trnh duyt Web v bo m rng bt c d liu no gi t my ch sang trnh duyt v ngc li u khng th c c i vi ngi ngoi. 5. Pht trin h thng sao lu Mi h thng phc tp chng sm th mun ri cng hng; do bn nn sao lu d phng h thng mng cng nh d liu. Thng Nm va qua, khch hng ca PageNet mt dch v nhn tin (paging) trong sut bn ngy khi v tinh Galaxy IV b hng trn qu o. Ngc li, khch hng ca Sky Tel, i th ln nht ca PageNet, vn c phc v thng sut. L do: Sky Tel c h thng d phng tha sc vn hnh khng lc no ngng ngh. Mt lnh vc ngi ta hay khinh thng trong bo v d liu l ngun in ca ta nh. Nu mt in trong vng 10 giy, cng ty bn s mt bao nhiu d liu? Khng ch mua mt UPS cho mi my ch, bn phi bo m mi ngi trong cng ty u c mt ci. Hu ht nhn vin u rt l l trong vic sao lu thng xuyn cc file trong cng ca mnh. Cch tt nht vi cng ty ln phng trnh s c h thng ton cng ty l xy dng h thng d phng ti mt a im khc. a im phi c my tnh mnh, dung lng a ln v c ni kt mng c th thay th mng chnh. Mng d phng ny phi c trao i d liu thng xuyn vi file server sao cho cc file trong mng d phng lun c cp nht kp thi khi cn c th chuyn ngay qua mng d phng.

Chc ri s n ngy my tnh nhn thng vo mt bn - theo ngha en - bit bn l ai. Cng nh cnh st dng du tay kim chng nhn thn mt ngi, cc nh sn xut my tnh ang s dng sinh trc hc (biometrics) - mt khoa hc o lng cc c tnh sinh l nh mng mt, du tay, nt mt, thm ch thit din DNA - bo mt h thng tt hn. Cc b phn c th Bo mt bng sinh trc l th no? c im sinh l ca bn - mu ca mng mt chng hn c ghi nhn bng mt b c (reader) ri lu vo c s d liu. nhn din, h thng s i chiu c tnh sinh l ca ngi xin truy cp vi d liu lu tr ny. Nu xc minh c rng bn ng l ngi c xng tn, n s cho php truy cp. C l khng may rng khng phi b phn no trn c th ta cng c th phc v cho mc ch ny. lm k hiu sinh trc, b phn c th phi o c mt cch chnh xc v l c nht khng ln vi ai, khng thay i theo thi gian - trng lng ca bn chng hn th chng gip c g. V mt s k hiu sinh trc c tin cy cao hn, mt s khc ng ng hn, c th sai lch theo chiu dng (ngha l c tng ng nhn dng nhng li cho qua mt k mo danh), hoc chiu m (tc l cm ca mc d k t xng A qu l anh (ch) A tht). Ging ni cho tin cy cao, c th nhn din ng trong 90 n 99% trng hp. Nhng ai ng h cc h thng nhn din theo du tay bo rng chng khng th lm, th nhng vn tay ngi ta c th b mn bi chnh cng vic h lm l g trn bn phm. Nhn din qua khun mt th c bit mi v hy cn "chp chn". Mt sn phm nhn din qua khun mt l Facelt PC 3.0 ca Visionic (gi 100USD) trc sau nh mt u khng nhn ra ngi th nghim. Du vy, vic s dng sinh trc ngy cng tr nn ph bin. Trn th trng hin c nhng sn phm gi t 300 n 5000 USD, nhng tng lai s xut hin nhng sn phm va ti tin bn hn. VeriVoice Internet Security System chng hn, dng microphone v card m thanh chun ca my bn, cng vi mt ni kt trnh duyt nhn din qua ging ni trn Web. Trong mt ln th nghim, cng ngh ny hot ng sun s, tuy vy c qu trnh ng nhp ln giao din

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ngi dng vn cn hon thin thm. Trong khi Digital Persona (www .digitalpersona .com) li tung ra U.are.U gi t 150 n 190USD, mt phn mm bao gm b c du tay cm vo cng USB (xem hnh) v phn mm h tr. Khi th nghim mt trong cc phin bn mu ca sn phm ny, Digital Persona t ra d thit lp v d s dng, nhng quan trng nht l tin cy cao. Facelt PC 3.0; 100USD; Visionics; www .facelt.com * VeriVoice Internet Security System; gi ty theo s ngi dng; VeriVoice * U.are.U; t 150 n 190USD (ty theo ng dng c dng); Digital Persona; www.digital persona.com. Tip xc bng mt Mt trong nhng cng ngh sinh trc ha hn nht - nhng cng rc ri nht - hin nay l o kch c v mu sc trng mt ca bn. L sn phm ca IriScan, h thng ny to mt thit din (profile) chi tit cho tng nhn cu m n qut. Cng ty tuyn b mc tin cy ca sn phm ny vt qua bt c h thng sinh trc no khc. Mc d nu s dng cho c nhn th cn qu t, cng ngh ny ang ngy cng xut hin nhiu trong cc cng ty trn khp th gii ( thay cho s cn cc c nhn trong my rt tin t ng v thu tin xe trong phng tin chuyn ch cng cng chng hn). Nhiu ngi cho rng cng ngh bo mt bng sinh trc l qu "vin tng" v c phn "ln lt" t do thng tin - tht ma mai, nu xt rng cng ngh c pht minh l nhm ngn chn tnh trng xm phm thng tin. Vic cc cng ty bo mt bng sinh trc u tr tr trc nhng mi lo ny cng ng lo khng km. Th nhng cng ngh ny thc t chng ln lt ai, cng chng hi g cho sc khe. Do , dng nh ngi ta lo lng v kha cnh o c ch khng phi kha cnh sinh l. Ngi ta c thc s mun c mi ln mua hng li phi in du tay khng? D vy, t hn cng ngh ny s ngy cng hin din nhiu hn trong tng lai gn.

Nu my tnh ca bn thng xuyn kt ni ti Internet, my ca bn c th s b tn cng. l thc t. Nhng tt c cc cuc tn cng u c mt nguyn tc, mt trnh t chung khng th thay i c. ngn chn buc bn phi hiu n. Bi vit ny s cp n cc thng tin cn bn ca k thut qut ln: n l g, n hot ng nh th no? Qut mt h thng, hoc mt mng l k thut c s dng tm ra dch v no trn h thng ang hot ng. C 2 nhm ngi thng xuyn lm vic ny. Nhm th nht l cc ngi qun tr h thng, h s dng k thut ny gim st cc dch v trn mng. Nhm th hai l cc hacker, cracker, h s dng k thut ny xc nh cc l hng ca h thng v da vo l hng tn cng. Tuy nhin cch th hai khng c mi ngi ng h. C th v vic qut h thng xc nh cc dch v ang hot ng nh vic xem xt mt to nh c bao nhiu cng ang m. Nhng thay v cc cng vt l, vi my tnh y l cc cng nh Web server, mail Server, Telnet, FRP RPC... Cc phn mm c th lm c vic ny c gi l cc phn mm qut cng (Port scanner). Trn thc t hacker, cracker c chia lm nhiu mc khc nhau. Mc cao nht l nhng ngi bit c im yu ca tng h thng v vit ra cc cng c khai thc l hng ny. Ngc li mc thp nht l nhng k ch bit s dng cng c tn cng m khng bit cc cng c ny hot ng nh th no - nhm ny c bit n vi tn "Script Kiddie". Mt vn kh khn cho cc Hacker v Cracker l h thng c th ghi chp (log) tt c cc kt ni m h to ra. Hu ht cc Hacker, Cracker c k thut thp li khng nhn ra rng h li du vt khi qut h thng i phng. Nhng cng c rt nhiu cch khc nhau trnh li du vt.

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V d: cc Hacker, Cracker bc thp thng mn mt my trn mng v tin hnh qut t xa n my ch. Khi du vt li khng ch trc tip n my cc Hacker v Cracker m ch vo my ca mt nn nhn "ng th" no . Mt k thut trnh li du vt khi thm d h thng khc thng c s dng l k thut qut ln. hiu v k thut ny, trc ht bn phi c nhng hiu bit c bn v cc gi tin trn giao thc TCP/IP lm vic th th no? Bnh thng cc gi tin i trn mng u c mt phn c gi l TCP header. N thng cha s th t gi tin Sequence Number), a ch IP my nhn, a ch IP my gi, c v mt s phn khc. Trong bi vit ny chng ta ch tm hiu v 3 c chnh c lin quan n k thut qut ln l SYN, ACK, FIN. hiu v chc nng ca tng c, chng ta cng xt v s bt tay gia hai my trao i thng tin vi nhau trn mng. Vi cc phin lm vic thng thng khi 2 my tnh mun trao i thng tin vi nhau th my mun ly thng tin phi a yu cu thit lp kt ni n my cn li. lm vic ny my mun ly thng tin gi gi d liu SYN n my ch. Nu my ch chp nhn yu cu n s gi li gi tin SYN v gi ACK bo hiu cho my yu cu bit rng chp nhn kt ni. Khi nhn c gi tin SYN my yu cu cng phi gi tr li mt gi ACK vi s th t tng ng khng nh vi my php kt ni. Sau cc gi d liu bt u c gi i. Khi kt thc phin lm vic th tc bt tay li xy ra nhng ln ny l cc khung tn hiu FIN (Finish) bo kt thc. kt thc phin lm vic my phc v phi gi khung tn hiu FIN cho my yu cu. Khi nhn c khung ny, my yu cu hiu rng bn gi bo ht phin lm vic v n gi li khung FIN cho my phc v bo rng chp nhn kt thc phin lm vic. Nh vy c 2 im yu trong th tc bt tay gia 2 my m cc trnh qut ln khai thc trnh vic li du vt trn my trm. im yu th nht l khi my yu cu khng gi khung tn hiu ACK cho my phc v bo bt u phin lm vic. Khi phin lm vic c gi vi thut ng "m mt na" (half-open) bi ch c mt bn hiu rng kt ni c thit lp v nh vy nu my yu cu khng gi tn hiu ACK sang cho my phc v th kt ni s khng bao gi c to. My phc v s khng c kh nng ghi li du vt ca kt ni ny (bi kt ni trn thc t khng c to ra) nhng my yu cu li c th xc nh c cng ny trn my phc v ang m thng qua tn hiu ACK m my phc v gi n. Mt im yu th hai m cc phn mm qut ln li dng vo l tn hiu FIN. Khi 2 my trao i tn hiu FIN bo kt thc nu my yu cu d liu nhn c tn hiu bo kt thc t my phc v m khng gi li mt khung FIN vi s th t tng ng (Sequence Number) th phin lm vic gia 2 my s khng kt thc v nh vy vic ghi li du vt ca cuc kt ni ny s khng c tin hnh. Nh vy mc d da vo hai khung tn hiu khc nhau cc Hacker, Cracker khai thc c y cc thng tin bn ngoi ca mt my ch trn mng. Tuy nhin, khi vit bi vit ny tc gi khng c ch ng cho cc Hacker, Cracker l thuyt tn cng vo mt h thng m ch c nh mang n cho cc nh qun tr mng tng lai v nhng bn yu thch CNTT, nhng l thuyt c bn nht v k thut qut ln nhm cng c v gim st mng ca mnh ngy mt hiu qu hn. Mt trong nhng phn mm gim st mng s dng k thut ny l NMAP (Network Mapper) y l mt phn mm rt ni ting, c tc qut nhanh nht trong nhm cc phn mm gim st dch v mng phin bn mi nht hin nay l 2.0.5 c th ti v t http://www.nessus.org/

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Di y l links m bn c th download phn mm ny . Nessus is made up of two parts : a server and a client. The server (nessusd) is actually in charge of the attacks, whereas the client is just a frontend designed to collect the results. As of today, there is only one version of the server which works on POSIX systems (Solaris, FreeBSD, GNU/Linux and others), and there are multiple clients : one which works with GTK (the Gimp ToolKit, see the GTK website, others have been written for Win32. The server is not an option. It performs the security checks. Package name Nessus 1.2 Nessus 2.0 Description The previous stable version, for Unix-compatible systems only The current stable version, for Unix-compatible systems only Comment Avoid using it and install 2.0 instead This is the brand new version of Nessus Note that you will need to install nessusd on a Unix server for this software to be of any use to you !

NessusWX A native Win32 client

(Theo Tin hc v i sng)

Trong Windows 2000/XP c 1 chng trnh nh gn dng chat trong mng ni b nhng nu khng ni ra th t ai bit v chng hiu sao Microsoft li khng to biu tng mc nh cho chng trnh ny trong nhm Communication. mun s dng chng trnh ny bn lm theo cc bc di y. Bc 1: To biu tng cho chng trnh bng cch chy Explorer --> m th mc Windows/System32 tm file Winchat.exe --> bm v gi phm phi chut trn file ri ko ra mn hnh Desktop --> nh phm chut ri chn lnh Create Shortcut Here. Nu mun chng trnh chy thng tr mi khi khi ng Windows bn bm phm phi chut ln nt Start ri chn lnh Explorer All Users trong menu rt gn. M Start Menu/Programs/Startup --> Bm phm phi chut trong ca s lit k ni dung nhm Startup, chn lnh New/Shortcut --> Bm nt Browse v ch n file Winchat.exe

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Bc 2: Cc my ang chy Winchat trong cng 1 mng ni b c th cht vi nhau, nu mun chat vi my no bn bm chut nt Dial trong thanh cng c hay dnh lnh Dial trong menu Conversation. Biu tng chat trong my c gi s chp sng v pht m thanh, nu ngi c gi chp nhn tr li s bm nt Answers ri hai bn trao i thng ip vi nhau. Na ca s bn trn l thng ip gi, na ca s bn di l thng ip nhn. Bn c th m nhiu ca s chat chat cng lc vi nhiu ngi, khi khng mun chat vi ai bn bm nt Hangs up trong ca s tng ng ngt. Ch : Nu bn ng chng trnh, khng ai c th chat vi bn. Bc 3: Bn m menu Options xc lp font ch ting Vit, mu nn cho ca s, cch xp t ca s (trn di hay song song). Phm hng Phc .

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