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uhftd;> ePyhtjp> cs;spl;ltu;fNshL cUthf;fpdhu;. mwpT

Rakupahijr; rkju;kf; fl;rpia mt;tpaf;fj;jpd; kw;Wk; khehL nray;gl;ld. ,jo;fshfNt rkju;kk; Mfpait mf;fl;rpapd; Kjy;

thrpj;j mDgtk; rhu;e;J> jkpopy; mg;nghUz;ik Fwpj;J vOjpdhu;. khu;f;rpa fUj;Jfisj; jkpopy;

nrhy;tjw;F [Pth gy Gjpa nrhy;yhl;rpfis cUthf;fpAs;shu;. 1940 fspd; ,Wjp Ik;gJfspd;

tpbay; khj ,jo;

jpUr;rpapy; eilngw;wJ (1936)> lhq;Nf mk;khehl;bd; jiyik Aiuia tifapy; epfo;j;jpdhu;. ,t; fhq;fpurpypUe;J

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

ntspNa

te;J>

Nrhryprf;

fd;dpahFkup

khtl;lk;

ehfu;

fUj;jhf;fk; rhu;e;j Rakupahij ,af;fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g Ntz;Lk; vd;W [Pth tpUk;gpdhu;. ,jw;F Kuzhf <.nt.uh. nray;gLtjhff; fUjpdhu;. Fwpg;ghf mf;fhyq;fspy; eilngw;w Nju;jypy;> ePjpf;fl;rpAld; <.nt.uh. nfhz;bUe;j njhlu;ig> [Pth Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mjw;F vjpuhfr; Nju;jypy; Nrhryp];l; gl;lhu;. fk;A+dp];l; Nrhryp];l; nray;gl;L ntw;wpngw fhq;fpu]; fhq;fpu];

Nfhapypy; nghJTilik tPuu; g. [Pthde;jk; kzpkz;lgk; mikj;Js;sJ. ,q;Fg; g.[Pth de;jk; khu;gsT rpiy mikf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. mtuJ tho;f;if tuyhW njhlu;ghd Gifg;glq;fs; fz;fhl;rpahf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Mf];l; 21Mk; ehs; Njhou; [Pthtpd; gpwe;jehs; MFk;. njhFg;G: v];.ruj;Fkhu;>
,uz;lhkhz;L Ez;Zapupay; Jiw.

fl;rpf;fhuuhfr; nray; ,e;jg; gpd;Gyj;jpy; ,af;fk;> fl;rpapd; fhq;fpu]; ngaupy;

kdpjf; fzf;F
kdpjd; + jd;dk;gpf;if = kdpjd; + ftiy = kdpjd; + Mde;jk; = kdpjd; + ,ayhik = kdpjd; + md;G = kdpjd; + Mir = kdpjd; - ftiy = kdpjd; - Mde;jk; = kdpjd; - ,ayhik = kdpjd; - md;G = kdpjd; - Mir = ntw;wp fz;zPu; Gd;dif Nfhgk;;

[drf;jpia thu ,johf ntspf;nfhz;L te;jJ (1937).

[Pthtpd; E}y;fs; kjKk; kdpj tho;Tk;> Nrh~yp];l; jj;Jtq;fs;> GJikg; ngz;> ,yf;fpar;Rit> rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; rKjhaf; fhl;rpfs;> [Pthtpd; ghly;fs; njhFg;G> Nkilapy; [Pth (njhFg;G)> Nrhtpaj; ,yf;fpak; gw;wp [Pth> fiy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Gjpa ghu;it Njrj;jpd; nrhj;J (njhFg;G). kzp kz;lgk; jkpo;ehL muR g.[Pthde;jk; epiditg; Nghw;Wk; tifapy;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

fhjy; fhkk; Njhy;tp cw;rhfk; Nrhk;gy; Kaw;rp

kdpjd; - jd;dk;gpf;if =

tpNuhjk; mikjp

gp. ruz;ah
Kjyhz;L Mq;fpyj; Jiw.

10

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

jpU.tp.f.
fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;Jr; irjhg; Ngl;il tl;lj;Jj; Js;sk; vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; tpUj;jhry Kjypahu; rpd;dk;kh kfdhfg; jk;gjpfSf;F gpwe;jhu;. MwhtJ ,tupd; ehl;by; Nru;e;j

mtUf;F xU fhYk; xU ifAk; %lq;fpd. ,jdhy; gs;spg; gbg;G rpwpJ fhyk; jilg;gl;lJ. gbg;gpy; ey;y jpwikAilatuhf tpsq;fpdhu;. 1904 Mk; Mz;by; Mwhk; gbtj; Nju;T vOj Kbahky; NghdJ. mj;NjhL mtuJ gs;spg; gbg;Gk; Kbe;jJ. jkpo;f; fy;tp nt];yp gs;spapy; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;j aho;g;ghzk; fjpiuNtw;gps;is jkpowpQuplk; mtuplk; el;G jkpo; eh. vd;w Vw;gl;lJ. gapyj;

Kd;Ndhu;fs; Nrho jpUth&u; vd;w Ciur; tu;fs;. fy;ahzRe;judhupd; ,yf;fpag; gapw;rpAk; gapw;rpAk; njhopYld; ,tu; kze;J cilatu;. tzpfKk;

je;ij ,irg; Mrpupaj; Gupe;jtu;.

gr;irak;khs; vd;gtiu %d;W Mz;fisAk; xU ngw;whu;. gpd;du;

njhlq;fpdhu;. mtuplk; jkpo; E}y;fis Kiwahfg; gapd;W rpwe;j Gyik fjpiuNtw;gps;is nrd;w nghOJ fhykhdhu;. mjd; ngw;whu;. ePyfpupf;Fr; mq;Ff; gpd;du;

ngz; Foe;ijiaAk; ,t;tk;ikahu; ,we;j

rpd;dk;khs; vd;ghiu kze;J ehd;F Mz; kf;fisAk; ehd;F ngz; kf;fisAk; ngw;whu;. ,tu;fSs; xUtNu fy;ahzRe;judhu;.

fy;ahzRe;judhu; kapiy jzpfhry Kjypahuplk; jkpo;> kw;Wk; irt E}y;fisAk; ghlk; Nfl;lhu;. Mrpupag; gzp 1906 Mk; Mz;by; ];ngd;ru; njhopyfk; vd;w Mq;fpy epWtdj;jpy; fzf;fu; Nru;e;jhu;. mf;fhyj;jpy;> fq;fhju jpyfu; Mfr; ghy

fy;tp njhlf;fj;jpy; jk; je;ijaplk; fy;tp gapd;whu;. gpd;du; nrd;idapy; ,uhag;Ngl;ilapy; jq;fp Mupad; njhlf;fg; gs;spapy; Nru;e;jhu;. mjd; gpd;du;> 1894 ,y; nt];yp gs;spaPy; ehd;fhk; tFg;gpy; Nru;e;jhu;. mq;F
tpbay; khj ,jo;

Nghd;Nwhupd;

11

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

tpLjiyf;

fpsu;r;rpfspy;

<LghL

1.aho;g;ghzk; je;j rptQhdjPgk;> eh.fjpiuNtw;gps;is - 1908 rupj;jpuk;

nfhz;ljdhy; mt;NtiyapypUe;Jk; mtu; ePq;fpdhu;. gpd;du; 1909 ,y; Mapuk; tpsf;F gFjpapy; cs;s nt];ypad; gs;spapy; Mrpupauhfr; Nru;e;J Gupe;jhu;. MW Mz;Lfs; gzp mg;NghJ mtUf;Fj;

2. kdpj tho;f;ifAk; fhe;jpabfSk; - 1921 3.ngz;zpd; ngUik my;yJ tho;f;ifj;Jiz - 1927 4.ehad;khu; tuyhW - 1937 5.Kbah? fhjyh? rPu;jpUj;jkh? 1938 6.cs;nshsp - 1942 7.jpU.tp.f tho;f;iff; Fwpg;Gfs; 1 - 1944 8.jpU.tp.f tho;f;iff; Fwpg;Gfs; 2 - 1944 9.ciu E}y;fs; 10.ngupa Guhzk; Fwpg;GiuAk;

jpUkzk; ele;jJ. mtUf;F ,uz;L gps;isfSk; gpwe;jdu;. 1918 Mk; Mz;bw;Fs; gps;isfis jk; ,oe;J kidtp> kPz;Lk;

jdpauhdhu;. ,uhag;Ngl;il nt];yp fy;Y}upapy; jiyik Mrpupauhfr; Nru;e;jhu;. ehl;bw;F ciog;gjw;fhf mtu; mg;gzpapy; ,Ue;J tpyfpdhu;.

gj;jpupifg; gzp Njrgf;jd; vd;w gj;jpupifapy; ,uz;liu Mz;Lfs; mjd; Mrpupauhfg; gzp Gupe;jhu;. mjd; gPd;du; jpuhtpld;> etrf;jp Nghd;w gj;jpupiffspy; Mrpupauhf ,Ue;J ehl;L tpLjiyf;Fj; njhz;lhw; wpdhu;. murpay; gzp njhopw;rq;fj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;Jj; njhopyhsu;fspd; cupikf;Fk; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; ghLgl;lhu;. rpwe;j Nkilg; Ngr;rhsuhd ,tu; murpay;> rKjhak;> rkak; vdg; gy JiwfspYk; <LghLnfhz;L gy E}y;fis vOjpdhu;.
tpbay; khj ,jo;

trdKk; - 1907 11.gl;bdj;Jg;gps;isahu; jpUg;ghlw;wpul;Lk; gj;jpufpupahu; Gyk;gYk; tpUj;jpAiuAk; 1923 12.fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu;

jpUKiw - Fwpg;Giu - 1941 13.jpUf;Fws; - tpupTiu (ghapuk;) - 1939 14.jpUf;Fws; tpupTiu

(,y;ywtpay;) 1941 15.Njrgf;jhkpu;jk; - 1919 16.vd; fld; gzp fplg;gNj - 1921 nra;J

17.jkpo;ehl;Lr; nry;tk; - 1924

12

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

18.jkpo;j;njd;wy; jiyikg;nghopT - 1928 19.rPu;jpUj;jk; (my;yJ)

(my;yJ) ,sik

44.fpwp];Jtpd; mUs; Ntl;ly; 1945 45.GJik Ntl;ly; - 1945 46.rptdUs; Ntl;ly; - 1947 47.fpwp];J nkhopf;Fws; - 1948 48.,Uspy; xsp - 1950 49.,UikAk; xUikAk; - 1950 50.mUfd; mUNf tpLjiy top - 1951 (my;yJ)

tpUe;J - 1930 20.jkpo;r;Nrhiy fl;Liuj; jpul;L 1 - 1935 21.jkpo;r;Nrhiy fl;Liuj; jpul;L 2 - 1935 22.,e;jpahTk; tpLjiyAk; - 1940 23.jkpo;f;fiy - 1953 24.irtrka rhuk; - 1921 25.ehad;khu; jpwk; - 1922 26.jkpo;ehLk; ek;kho;thUk; - 1923 27.irtj;jpd; rkrurk; - 1925 28.KUfd; (my;yJ) moF - 1925 29.flTl; fhl;rpAk; jhAkhdtUk; 30.,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; jpUTs;sk; 31.jkpo; E}y;fspy; ngsj;jk; - 1929 32.irtj; jpwT - 1929 33.epidg;gtu; kdk; - 1930 34.,kakiy (my;yJ) jpahdk; 35.rkur rd;khu;f;f NghjKk; jpwTk; 36.rkur jPgk; - 1934 37.rpj;jkhu;ff;k - 1935 38.MyKk; mKjKk; - 1944 39.guk;nghUs; top - 1949 (my;yJ) tho;f;if (my;yJ)

51.nghUSk; mUSk; (my;yJ) khu;f;]paKk; fhe;jpaKk; 1951 52.rpj;je; jpUj;jy; (my;yJ)

nrj;Jg; gpwj;jy; - 1951 53.KJik cswy; - 1951 54.tsu;r;rpAk; tho;Tk; (my;yJ) gLf;ifg; gpjw;wy; - 1953 55.,d;gtho;T - 1925

Mf];l;

26Mk;

ehs;

jpU.tp.f.tpd; gpwe;jehs; MFk;. njhFg;G: [p.ntq;fNlrd;>

,uz;lhkhz;L capu; Ntjpapay;Jiw

40.cupikNtl;if ehl;Lg;ghly; - 1931

41.KUfd; mUs; Ntl;ly; - 1932 42.jpUkhy; mUs; Ntl;ly; - 1938 43.nghJik Ntl;ly; - 1942
tpbay; khj ,jo;

13

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

ghu;gha;];
ghu;gha;]; vd;w gpuhzp flypy; thof;$baJ. ,J rPl;Nlhrpah tupiriar; rhu;e;jJ. ,J ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy; kPd; fisg; Nghy; fhzg;gl;lhYk;> ePupy; thoj; jftikg;gpidAk; nfhz; Ls;sjhYk; ,jid kPd; tifapy; Nru;f;f ,ayhJ. ,J topahfr; Rthrpf;fpd;wJ. ,J ghY}l;b EiuaPuy;

,tw;wpd;

jiyapypUe;Jk;

jhil fspypUe;Jk; vz;nza; vLf;fg; gLfpd;wd. ,t; vz;nza; ghfq;fisAk; fUtpfisAk; gad;gLfpd;wJ. fbfhuj;jpd; tpiy cau;e;j gjg;gLj;jg;

gp.jPgh
Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay;; Jiw.

ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy;
tpOq;f tpUk;gpdhy; Nfhgj;ijAk; tpOq;Fq;fs;. Jf;fj;ijAk;

tifiar;

rhu;e;jjhFk;. ,it kdpjdpd; xypg;G Kiwiag; NghyNt xyp vOg;gpg; NgRfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; thapy; 80 Kjy; 100 tiuapyhd vz;zpf;ifapy; gw;fs; cs;sd. ,tw;wpd; cly; 1.5 kPl;lu; ePsk; nfhz;lit. ,it kPd;fisNa czthf ,tw;wpd; cl;nfhs;fpd;wd. ,iug;igapy; ehd;F

cLf;f tpUk;gpdhy; cau;itAk; cz;ikiaAk; cLj;jpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. nfhLf;f tpUk;gpdhy; gpwUf;F nfhLq;fs;. eyk; jUtijNa

thq;f tpUk;gpdhy; Mjutw;Nwhupd; thq;Fq;fs;. tPo;j;j tpUk;gpdhy; -

Mrpfis

kd ,r;irfis tPo;j;Jq;fs;. ePq;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; tpUk;gpr; nra;Aq;fs;. ,tw;iw

miwfs; cs;sd. ,it grpgpf; kw;Wk; ml;yhz;bf; rKj;jpuq;fspy; mjpf mstpy; ngUfpAs;sd.
tpbay; khj ,jo;

gp. ruz;ah
Kjyhz;L Mq;fpyj; Jiw.

14

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

Fd;wf;Fb mbfshu;
jkpo;ehL jQ;rhT+upy; kapyhL Jiwia mLj;Js;s jpUthsg; Gj;J}Uf;F mUfpYs;s eLj;jpl;L vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; rPdpthrg; gps;is nrhu;zj;jk;khs; Fd;wf;Fb mbfshu; jk;gjpf;Ff; gpwe;jhu;.

gs;sp

,Wjp

tFg;Gtiu jUkGu Ntiy

gbj;j muq;fehjd;> MjPdj;jpy; fzf;fu;

,Ug;gij mwpe;J 1944 Mk; Mz;L mg;gzpapy; Nru;e;jhu;. 1945-48 fhy ,ilntspapy; Kiwg;gb jkpo; fw;W tpj;Jthd; MdJk; mq;Nfjhd;. mj; jpUklj;jpd; 25MtJ gl;lkhf tPw;wpUe;j jtj;jpU Njrpf Qhdrk;ge;j Rg;gpukzpa gukhr;rhupa

,tUf;Fg; ngw;Nwhu; ,l;l ngau; muq;fehjd;. mtUf;F Ke;jpg; gpwe;j rNfhjuu; xUtu;. mg;NghJ ,Utu;; rNfhjup

Rthkpfs;> muq;fehjidj; JwTf;F Ml;gLj;jpf; fe;jrhkpj; Mf;fpdhu;fs;. jk;gpuhd;

mtu;>

ehd;fhk; tFg;G gapYk; rpWtd;. tof;fwpQUk;> jkpo;g; NguhrpupaUkhd uh. gp. NrJg;gps;isapd; tPl;by;> mtuJ miw apd; [d;dy; Kd; epd;W jpdk; xU jpUf;Fws; xg;gpj;Jf; ngWtJ muq;fehjdpd; fhyzh tof;fk;. rkak;

1945Mk; Mz;L jUkGu MjPdj;jpd; fl;lisj; epakdk; jk;gpuhdhf ngw;w

fe;jrhkpj; jk;gpuhd;> njhlu;ghd gy

gzpfisj; jpwk;gl Mw;wpdhu;. mtu; jUikahjPdj;jpd; rhu;gpy;> Fd;wf;Fbj; jpUtz;zhkiy MjPd FUG+i[ tpohnthd;wpy; gq;Nfw;Wr; nrhw;nghopthw;w Neu;e;jJ. fe;jrhkpj; jk;gpuhdpd; ehtd;ikahy; ftug;gl;l Fd;wf; Fbj; jpUkl MjPdfu;j;ju; jpUg;ngUe;jpU MWKf Njrpf gukhr;rhupa Rthkpfs; Kiwg;gb

,t;thW muq;fehjdpd; tho;it cau;j;jpa jpUf;Fws;> gpd;dhspy; mbfshuhd mtUf;Fg; nghJnewp MfpaJ. ,NjNghy> muq;fehjdpd; gpQ;R tpyf;F cs;sj;jpy; czu;Tk;> jPz;lhik kdpjNeag; gjpaf; mbfs;

gz;Gk; Fwpf;Nfhs;fshfg; fhuzkhdtu; tpGyhde;j Mthu;.

tpbay; khj ,jo;

15

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

jUikahjPdj;jplk;

,irTngw;Wj;

ngUe; jkpowpQu;fisAk; Fd;wf; Fbapy; khehL xd;Wjpul;bg; ngUk; xd;iw elj;jpdhu;.

jkJ jpUklj;Jf;F MjPd ,sturuhff; fe;jrhkpj; jk;gpuhid Mf;fpdhu;. mg;NghJ> mUzhry nja;trpfhkzp

mjd;tpisthfj; Njhd;wpaNj "mUs;newpj; jpUf;$l;lk;".

Njrpf
vd;w

gukhr;rhupa
jpUg;ngaUk;

1954 [_iy ,jd; Kjy; Nfhl;ilapy; jiyikapy;

10 Mk; ehs; khehL Njt ,uh[h[p ngw;wJ.

Rthkpfs;

mtUf;Fr; R+l;lg;gl;lJ. 1949 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gu; 5 ,y; 1952 MjPd ,sturuhfpa [_d; 16 Mk; Njjp mtu;> Kjy;

%jwpQu; eil

gpd;du; KO tPr;NrhL nray;gl;l ,t;tpaf;fj;jpd; fpisfs; jkpofk; apYk; kl;Lky;yhJ> fpisj;jd. ,yq;if mjd;

mj;jpUklj;jpd; jiyikg; nghWg; Ngw;W> 45MtJ FUkfh re;epjhdkhf tpsq;fpdhu;. gpd;du; jk; gzpfshy;> mbfshu; Mfp> Cu;g;ngau; ,iza> Fd;wf;Fb mbfshu; vd;W kf;fshy; rpwg;Gld; miof;fg;gl;lhu;. mbfshu; MjPdg; nghWg;Ngw;w fhyk;> ,e;J kjj;jpw;F kpfTk; Nrhjidahd ,iwkWg;Gg; gpurhuq;fshy; fhyk;. jhf;F

nrayhf;fg;gpupthf "mUs;newpj; jpUg;gzp kd;wk;" vDk; mikg;Gk; 1955 [_d; 10 Mk; ehs; fpisj;jJ. mg;Nghija jkpof jkpo;ehL murpd; JizNahL "nja;tPfg; Nguit"

vDk; mikg;G> 1966 ,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. jUik MjPd FUkfh re;epjhdk; jiyik Naw;w ,g;Nguitapy; mtUf;Fg; gpd;> 1969 Kjy; 1976 tiu mbfshu; jiyikNaw;W mUk; gzpfs; gy Mw;wpdhu;. ntspehLfs; nrd;W te;jhu; gytw;Wf;Fk; mbfshu;. mtu;

jYf;Fk;> fz;ldj;Jf;Fk; cupajhf ,e;J kjk; Mapw;W. ,jd; vjpu;fhy tpguPjq;fis kdjpy; vz;zpa mbfshu;> fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g> ,e;J kjj;jpd; cd;dj rPyq;fisg; Gupaitf;Fk; Kaw;rpapy; ,wq;fpdhu;. ,jd; nghUl;L 1952 Mf];l; 11 Mk; ehs; rkar; rhd;Nwhu;fisAk;>
tpbay; khj ,jo;

Nkw;nfhz;l me;j Nkiyehl;Lg; gazq;fs;> mtiuj; jkpo;ehl;bd; gz;ghl;Lj; J}JtuhfTk;>

16

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

mq;Fs;s

jkpo;

kf;fspd;

14.Fwl;nry;tk; 15.thf;fhsu;fSf;F ts;Stu; njhlu;ghd mwpTiu 16.jpUf;Fws; NgRfpwJ 17.Fws;E}W 18.rpyk;G newp 19.fk;gd; fz;l murpay; r%fk; 20.ghujp Afre;jp 21.ghujpjhrdpd; cyfk; 22.ftpauq;fpy; mbfshu; (ftpijfs;) 23.kz;Zk; (jd;tuyhW) mbfshu; vOjpa rpWfijfs;> mwpnthsp ,af;fj;jpd; %ykhf kf;fisr; nrd;nwa;jpaJ. rpy ehlfq;fSk; mbfshuhy; vOjg;ngw;W muq;NfwpAs;sd. mtuJ ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy; jpdkzp apy; vq;Nf NghfpNwhk;? vd;w jiyg;gpy; fl;Liufs; vOjp te;jhu;. Mf];l; 15Mk; ehs; Fd;wf;Fb mbfshupd;; gpwe;jehs; MFk;. njhFg;G: Nf. ,isatd;>
,uz;lhkhz;L capu;j;njhopy; El;gj;Jiw

tsu;r;rpf;Fj; JizGupgtuhfTk; Mf;fpd. ,t;thW> mtu; 1972 ,y; Nrhtpaj; xd;wpaj;jpy; Nkw;nfhz;l gazj;jpd; tpisthf Njhd;wpaJ jhd; Fd;wf;Fb fpuhkj;jpl;lk;. Ngr;Rf;F ty;ytuhd tho;ehspy; epfuhf> vOj;jpYk;

Ml;rpapy;

mbfshu;> jk; Vuhskhd E}y;fis

vOjpaNjhL> kzpnkhop> jkpofk;> mUNshir Kjypa ,jo;fisAk; elj;jpdhu;. ,d;wsTk; mtu; Muk;gpj;J> te;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk;

kdpju;fSk;

kf;fs; rpe;jid> mwpf mwptpay; Mfpa ,jo;fSk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fd.

mbfshu; vOjpa E}y;fs; 1.mg;gu; tpUe;J 2.mg;gu; Re;juu; khzpf;fthrfu; 3.jpUthrfj;Njd; 4.jkpoKJ 5.rka ,yf;fpaq;fs; 6.ehad;khu; mbr;Rtl;by; 7.Mya rKjha ikaq;fs; (jkpof murpd; Kjw;gupR ngw;wJ) 8.ekJ epiyapy; rkak; rKjhak; 9.jpUtUl;rpe;jid 10.jpdrup jpahd E}y; 11.jpUts;Stu; 12.jpUts;Stu; fhl;Lk; murpay; 13.jpUts;Stu; fhl;Lk; muR
tpbay; khj ,jo;

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

17

fhgp

Gw;WNeha;

fpUghde;j thupahu;

mnkupf;fhtpd; `hu;tu;L ];$y; Mg; gg;spf; n`y;j; Cl;lr;rj;J kw;Wk; Neha; ,ay;Jiwg; Nguhrpupau; vl;tu;L [pNahtd;Drp jiyik apyhd FO Muha;r;rpapy; egu;fsplk; Neha;f;Fk; Gw;WNeha; <Lgl;lJ. Fwpj;j 67>470

Ma;T elj;jp> Gw;W fhg;gpf;Fk; cs;s

vjpu;j;njhlu;igf; fz;lwpe;jdu;. ,e;j Ma;tpd; topahfj; jpdKk; ehd;F fg; fhg;gp mUe;J gtu;fSf;Fg; Gw;WNeha; tUtjw; fhd tha;g;G 25 rjtpfpjKk; jpdKk; ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W fg; fhgp mUe;Jgtu;fSf;F VO rjtpfp jKk; Fiwe;jpUe;jJ fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. fhgpd; vd;w nghUs; ePf;fg;gl;l gtu;fSf;Fg; fhgpia mUe;J Gw;WNeha; tUtjw; ,tuJ ,aw;ngau; fpUghde;j thup. jkpo; ehl;bd; NtY}u; khtl;lj;jpy; mUfpy; cs;s fhl;ghbf;F ghyhw;wq;fiuapy;

mike;Js;s fhq;Nfaey;Y}u; vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; ky;iya jhrUf;Fk;> khJ];uP fdfty;yp mk;ikahUf;Fk; gpwe;j gjpndhU gps;isfspy; ehd;fhtJ thfg; gpwe;jhu;. nrq;Fe;j kf tPu

fhd tha;g;G 22 rjtpfpjk; Fiwe; jpUe;jJ njupate;jJ. Mf> fyg;glkpy;yhj fhg;gpia

irt kugpdu;. Ie;jhtJ tajpy; jpUtz;zhkiyapy; tPu irt Fy Kiwg;gb ghzpghj;jpu Njtu; klj;jpy; rptypq;f jhuzk; nra;tpf;fg;ngw;whu;. Rthkpfs; mkpu;j thupahu; yl;Rkpiaj;

mUe;jpg; Gw;WNeha; Vw;gLtjid Xustpw;Fj; jLf;fyhk;. gh.N[hjpkzp

Kjyhz;L Ntjpapay; Jiw

jdJ 19MtJ tajpy; jpUkzk; Gupe;jhu;.

tpbay; khj ,jo;

18

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

,ay;> ,irf; fy;tp ,tuJ je;ijahu; ,irapYk; ,aypYk; ty;ytu;> khngUk; Guhz ty;Yeu;. je;ijahNu thupahUf;F fy;tp> ,ir> ,yf;fpa> ,yf;fzq; fisf; fw;Wj; je;jhu;. vl;L tajpNyNa ftpghLk; Mw;wiyg; ngw;wtu;. 12 tajpNyNa gjpdhapuk; gz;fis kdg;ghlk; nra;jtu;. gjpndl;L tajpNyNa rpwg;ghfr; nrhw; nghopthw;Wk; Mw;wY ilatuha; tpsq;fpdhu;. ,tu; ,aw;wpAs;s ntz;ghf;fs; Mapuj; Jf;Fk; Nky; ,Uf;Fk;.
thupahUf;F 23 tajhdNghJ> nrd;id MidfTdp njd;klk; gpuk;k];uP tujhrhupahuplk; Vwj;jho ehd;F Mz;Lfs; tPizg; gapw;rp ngw;whu;.

jd; je;ijapd; topapy; thupahu; Rthkpfs; jkJ 15Mk; tajpypUe;Nj nra;Ak; jpwk; nrhw;nghopT cilatuhdhu;.

19-Mk; tajpypUe;Nj jdpahfg; Guhzg; gpurq;fq;fs; nra;aj; njhlq;fpdhu;. mtUila fq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; gpurq; Ngr;R

tof;if xl;bNa mike;jpUe;j fhuzj;jhy;> ghku kf;fsJ cs;sk; ftu;e;jtuhdhu;. mtuJ Md;kpf GupAk; nkhop tpjkhf ghkuu;fSf;Fk; Ntjhe;j rpe;jhe;jf; $wpaJ. irt Gyik

cz;ikfisAk; fUj;JfisAk;

Rthkpfs; jkpNohL rpj;jhe;jj;jpYk; ngUk; ngw;wtu;.

mtUila nrhw;nghopTfs; mNefkhf ehlf ghzpapy; ,Uf;Fk;. fijfs; ,ilapilNa Fl;bf; tUk;. eifr;RitAk;

nrhw;nghopT Mw;wy; jdJ rq;fPj Qhdj;jhy; mtu; fjhfhyl;Nrgk; nra;Ak; nghOJ jpUg;Gfo;> Njthuk;> jpUthrfk; Kjyhd Njhj;jpug;ghf;fis ,d;dpirAld; ghbdhu;. mtUila rq;fPj Qhdj;ijg; ghuhl;b> nrd;idj; jkpopir kd;w nts;sp
tpohtpd; NghJ ,irg; NguwpQu; gl;lk; toq;fpr; rpwg;gpj;jhu;fs;.
tpbay; khj ,jo;

eilKiwr; nra;jpfisAk; eak;glr; nrhy;tJk; ,tUf;Fupa rpwg;gpay;GfshFk;. jpUg;Gfo; mkpu;jk; Rthkpfs; 1936Mk;

Mz;L

ijg;G+r tpohTf;F tlY}u; nrd;wpUe;j rkak;> rj;jpa Qhd

19

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

rigapy; ntspaplf; epiwfdp

mku;e;J fUjp vd;W

jpUg;Gfo; ifj;jy njhlq;Fk;

rpe;ijf;Fk;

,d;gk;

gaf;Fk;

mkpu;jk; vd;w khjg; gj;jpupifia

mtuJ nrhw; nghopTfSs; 83 nrhw; nghopTfs; FWe;jfLfspy; ntsp te;Js;sd. Foe;ijfSf;F nrhd;d Fl;bf;fijfs; jhj;jh vd;w

jpUg;Gfo; ghTf;F ciu vOjpdhu;. mJ Kjy; jpUg;Gfo; mkpu;jk; jpq;fs; ,johfg; gpuRukhfj; njhlq;fpaJ. Rthkpfs; me;jg; Kg;gj;NjO elj;jpdhu;. xt;nthU jpUg;Gfo; gj;jpupifia

E}iy mtu; vOjpdhu;. ghk;gd; Rthkpfspd; tho;f;if tuyhw; iwAk; thupahu; vOjpAs;shu;.

Mz;Lfs; njhlu;e;J me;jg; gj;jpupifapy; khjKk; ghlYf;F xt;nthU tpsf;f

TiuAk;> fe;ju; myq;fhu ciuAk;> fw;G newpf;fijAk;> NtW gy fl;LiufSk; vOjg;gl;ld. me;jg; gj;jpup ifapy; ntspte;j fl;Liufs; gpd;du; njhFf;fg;gl;L jdpj;jdp E}y;fshfg; gpuRukhapd.

kiwT
1993 mf;Nlhgu; 19Mk; Njjp

vOjpa E}y;fs; thupahu; Rthkpfs;> rhjhuzkhf vOjg; gbf;fj; njupe;j ghku kf;fSk; Gupe;J nfhs;Sk;gbahf 500-f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Md;kpf kzk; fkOk; fl;Liufs; vOjpAs;shu;. mtu; ,aw;wpAs;s E}y;fs; Vwj;jho E}w;iwk;gJ MFk;. mtw;Ws; rptdUl;nry;tu;> fe;jNts; fUiz> ,uhkfhtpak;> kfhghujk; Mfpait rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gplj; jf;fit. Nfl;Fk; nrtpf;Fk; fw;Fk;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

thupahu; Rthkpfs; yz;ld; gazkhdhu;. Md;kpfj;Jf;fhfNt ghLgl;l thupahu; Rthkpfs;> 1993Mk; Mz;L etk;gu; 7Mk; Njjp tpkhdg; khdhu;. gazj;jpNyNa fhy

Mf];l; 5Mk; ehs; fpUghde;j thupahupd;; gpwe;jehs; MFk;. njhFg;G: Nf.VOkiy>

,uz;lhkhz;L capu;j;njhopy; El;gj;Jiw

nghOJ 28> Mf];l;> 2011

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