Multiple Integral

Double Integrals over Rectangles

Remark

) ( point. sample
a called is x 1,2,...n, i ], x , [x x Choose 4.
P of norm }The x , , x , x max{ | P | 3.
n , 1,2, i , x - x x Define 2.
b] , [a of partition a called is P Then
b x x x a and } x , , x , {x P Let 1.
i
i 1 - i
i
n 2 1
1 - i i i
n 1 0 n 1 0

= e
A A A =
= = A
= < < < = =

}
=

= A =
n
1 i
i
i
b
a 0 P| |
S of area The x ) x f( lim f(x)dx
b] , [a on f of integral definite The 5.
f(x)} y 0 b, x a | y) {(x, S s s s s =
[2,3] [1,2] 2.
4} y 2 1, x 0 | R y) {(x, [2,4] [0,1] 1.
Rectangle : Example
d} y c b, x a | R y) {(x, d] [c, b] [a, R
R rectangle closed A 6.
2
2

s s s s e =
s s s s e = =
Double Integrals and Volumes
V(S) - S of volume the find To
y)} f(x, z R,0 y) (x, | R z) y, {(x, S d], [c, b] [a, R Let
3
s s e e = =
ls subinterva into R rectangle the Divide
f(x)dx define to Similarly
b
a
}

= =
= =
A ~
A
A A = A
= = =
= = A
= A =
n
1 j
m
1 i
ij
*
ij
*
ij
n
1 j
m
1 i
ij
*
ij
*
ij
ij
*
ij
*
ij
j i ij ij
j 1 - j i 1 - i ij
1 - j j j j 1 - j
1 - i i i
i 1 - i
A ) y , f(x V(S) i.e
A ) y , f(x e approximat can S of volume The
R each in ) y , (x point sample a choose
y x A is R of area The
n 1, j ; m 1, i ] y , [y ] x , [x R Define
n 1,2, j , y - y y ], y , [y l subinterva n into
divided is d] [c, and , x - x x m, 1,2, i
] x , [x l subinterva m into divided is b] [a,

n 1,2 j ; m 1,2 i , R
diagonal longest the of length the denote | P | Let
ij
= =

}}
}}
= =

A =
m
1 i
n
1 j
ij
*
ij
*
ij
0 P| |
R
R
A ) y , f(x lim y)dA f(x,
y)dA f(x, is R rectangle over the f of integral double The
: Definition
}} }}
}} }} }}
}} }}
>
e >
+ = +
=
R R
R R R
R R
y)dA g(x, y)dA f(x,
then R, y) (x, y) g(x, y) f(x, If 3.
y)dA g(x, y)dA f(x, y))dA g(x, y) (f(x, 2.
y)dA f(x, c y)dA cf(x, 1.
: properties
exists limit this if
R on integrable is f then curves, smooth
of number finite a on except R on continuous is f If (ii)
R on integrable is f then R, on continuous is f If (i)
R rectabgle closed on the bounded be f Let
1 Theorem
R over f of integral double the called is y)dA f(x, 2.
exist A ) y , f(x lim if R, on integrable is f 1.
: Definition
R
m
1 i
n
1 j
ij
*
ij
*
ij
0 P| |
}}

= =

A
w w), (o, on continuous not is f
(0,1) on continuous not is f
0 x 0,
0 x ,
x
y
y) f(x, 3.
R on continuous is f
) [0, ) [0, R x, y x y) f(x, 2.
R on continuous is f
] [0,2 ] [0, R y) (x, sinxy, y) f(x, 1.
: Example
R on continuous is f then R, b) (a, all at continuous is f If 2.
b) (a, at continuous is f then b), f(a, y) f(x, lim If 1.
: Definition
2
b) (a, y) (x,

=
=
=
= + =
= e =
e
=

t t
Iterated Integrals
integral iterated an called is )dx y)dy f(x, ( A(x)dx
y)dx f(x, B(y) y)dy, f(x, A(x) Let 1.
d] [c, b] [a, R y), f(x, function For
: Remark
)dy ydx x ( A(y)dy Consider
y
3
26
1
3
3
x
y ydx x A(y) Let y, Fixed
b
a
d
c
b
a
d
c
b
a
2
0
3
1
2
2
0
3
3
1
2
} } }
} }
} } }
}
=
= =
=
=
= = =
} }
} }
} }
} } } }
} } } }
} } } }
+
+
+
=
=
3
0
2
1
8
0
4
0
2
4
0
8
0
2
3
0
4
1
2
3
0
4
1
2
d
c
b
a
d
c
b
a
b
a
d
c
b
a
d
c
2y)dxdy (3x (v)
)dxdy y 8x - (64
4
1
(iv)
)dydx y 8x - (64
4
1
(iii)
ydydx x (ii) ydxdy x (i)
evaluate : Example
)dx y)dy f(x, ( y)dydx f(x, 3.
)dx y)dy f(x, ( y)dydx f(x, 2.
1} y 0 2, x -1 | y) {(x, R where , dA
x 1
y 1
Find 4.
] [0, ] [0, R where , xcosxydA Find 3.
0 - )
0
sin2y
2
1
( -
cos2y)dy - (1 dy
0
2
(-cosxy) ysinxydxdy But
? ysinxydydx ysinxydA : Ans
] [0, [0,2] R where , ysinxydA Find 2.
[1,3] [0,2] R where dA, ) 3y - (x Find 1.
: Ex
y)dydx f(x, y)dxdy f(x, y)dA f(x,
the d], [c, b] [a, R on continuous is f If
Theorem) s (Fubini' 2 Theorem
R
R
0 0 0
2
0
2
0 0
R
R
R
2
b
a
d
c
d
c
b
a
R
s s s s =
+
+
=
= = =
= =
= =
=
=
= =
=
}}
}}
} } } }
} } }}
}}
}}
} } } } }}
t t
t t
t
t
t
t t t
t
{ }
1 y)dA sin(x D
that show [0,1], [0,1] R If 2.
2 y 1 4, x 3 4,
2 y 1 3, x 1 1,
1 y 0 4, x 1 2,
y) f(x, 2.
2 y 0 4, x 3 3,
2 y 0 3, x 1 2,
y) f(x, 1.
function given the is f where y)dA, f(x,
Evaluate , 2 y 0 3, x 1 | y) (x, R Let 1.
Exercises
R
R
s + s
=

s s s s
s s < s
s s s s
=

s s s <
s s s s
=
s s s s =
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}} }} }}
+
+
= = =
s s s s =
= s s s s =
R
R
R
R
R R R
2
1
y))dA 4g(x, y) (3f(x, 4.
4)dA y) (2f(x, 3.
y)dA 3g(x, 2.
y))dA g(x, - y) (4f(x, 1.
Evaluate
2 y)dA g(x, 6, y)dA g(x, 4, y)dA f(x, that Suppose
2} y 1 2, x 0 | y) {(x, R
[0,2] [0,2] R 1}, y 0 2, x 0 | y) {(x, R Let 3.
1
2
} }
} }
} }
} }
} }
} }
} }
+
=
2
2 -
1
1 -
2
2 -
3
1
1 -
2
2
2 -
1
1 -
3 2
2
0
2
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
xy
2
0
3
1
2
dydx | y | [x] (vii)
dydx y ] [x (vi)
dydx | y x | (v)
dydx
x 1
y
(iv)
xsinydxdy (iii)
dxdy xe (ii)
y x y) f(x, where y)dydx, f(x, (i)
integrals interated the of each Evaluate 4.
t
{ }
2} y ,1 3 x 0 | y) {(x, R , dA x 1 xy (v)
[0,1] [0,1] R , dA xye (iv)
1} y 0 2, x -1 | y) {(x, R dA,
y 2
x 1
(iii)
]
3
[0, ]
6
[0, R y)dA, xcos(x (ii)
3 y 0 2, x 1 y) (x, R )dA, 3xy - (2y (i)
integral double the Calculate 5.
R
2
R
y x
R
R
R
3 2
2 2
s s s s = +
=
s s s s =
+
+
= +
s s s s =
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
t t
} } } }
} } } }
} } } }
+
s s s s
+ + =
+
1
0
4
0
3
2 x
y
y
0
x
1
0
1
y
3
1
0
3
3y
x
1
0
1
0
x 2
x - 1
2
x
0
2
dydx e (vi) dxdy 2ye (v)
dxdy x 1 (iv) dxdy e (iii)
)dydx y - (3x (ii) dydx cosx (i)
integral interated the Evaluate 7.
4) y 1 0, x (-1 | y) {(x,
rectangle the above and 1 5y 2x Z
plane under the lying solid the of volume the Find 6.
2
2
2
1 z y x and
0 z 0, y 0, x planes by the Bounded (ii)
2 z y
and 2 y x cylinders by the Bounded (i)
solid given the of volume the Find 9.
1} y x | y) {(x, D where dA, y - x - 1 Evaluate 8.
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
D
2 2
= + +
= = =
= +
= +
s + =
}}

e
=
D in not but R in is y) (x, if 0
D y) (x, if y) f(x,
y) F(x,
Double Integral over General Regions
function new a Define D. on
defined function a is f R, D and region bounded a be D Let c
function. continuous two are h , h where
d}, y c (y), h x (y) h | y) {(x, D
if II type of be to said is D region plane A 3.
function. continuous two are g , g where
(x)}, g y (x) g b, x a | y) {(x, D
if I type of be to said is D region plane A 2.
y)dA F(x, y)dA f(x,
is D over f of integral double The 1.
: Definition
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
D R
s s s s =
s s s s =
=
}} }}
d} y c (y), h x (y) h | y) {(x, D where
y)dxdy f(x, y)dA f(x,
then D region II type a on continuous is f If 2.
y)dydx f(x, y)dA f(x, then
(x)}, g y (x) g b, x a | y) {(x, D
such that D region I type a on continuous is f If 1.
: Properties
II Type }, y 1 x 2y 1, y -1 | y) {(x, D 2.
I Type 1}, y sinx , x 0 | y) {(x, D 1.
: Example
2 1
D
d
c
(y) h
h
D
b
a
(x) g
g
2 1
2 2
2
1
2
1(y)
2
1(x)
s s s s =
=
=
s s s s =
+ s s s s =
s s s s =
}} } }
}} } }
t
2
2
1
- 1
2
3
1 -
1
) x
2
1
- x x
2
3
x
4
1
- x
2
1
(
dx 4x - x
2
3
3x
2
3
2x - x x
)dx ) (2x - ) x ((1
2
3
) 2x - x x(1
3y)dydx (x 3y)dA (x
: Ans
} x 1 y 2x 1, x -1 | y) {(x, D Where
3y)dA (x Evaluate 1.
: Example
5 3 4 2
1
1 -
4 4 2 3 3
1
1 -
2 2 2 2 2 2
D
1
1 -
x 1
2x
2 2
D
2
2
= + = + + =
+ + + + =
+ + + =
+ = +
+ s s s s =
+
}
}
}} } }
}}
+
6 2x y parabola the and 1 - x y line the
by bounded region the is D xydA where Evaluate 2.
2
D
+ = =
}}
36 xydxdy xydA
4} y 2 - 1, y x
2
6 - y
| y) {(x,
} 6 2x y ? 5, x -3 | y) {(x, D
: Sol
D
4
2 -
1 y
2
6 - y
2
2
= =
s s + s s =
+ s s s s =
}} } }
+
: Sol
2 z 2y x and 0 z 0, x 2y, x
planes by the bounded on tetrahedr the of volume the Find 3.
= + + = = =
3
1

2y)dydx - x - (2 2ydA - x - 2 V
}
2
x - 2
y
2
x
1, x 0 | y) {(x, D
D
1
0
2
x - 2
2
x
=
= =
s s s s =
}} } }

y} x 0 1, y 0 | y) {(x,
1} y x 1, x 0 | y) {(x, D
: Sol
)dydx cos(y Evaluate 5.
cos1) - (1
2
1
; )dydx sin(y Evaluate 4.
1
0
1
x
2
1
0
1
x
2
s s s s =
s s s s =
} }
} }
Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates
| u o u s s s s = b, r a | ) {(r, R Consider
Polar rectangle
Example

3
2

)
3
-
2
( ) 1 - (3
2
1

2
3
-
2
) 1 - 3 ( A(R) is R of area The
}
2 3
3, r 1 | ) {(r, R 3.
} 0 3, r 1 | ) {(r, R 2.
} 2 0 1, r 0 | ) {(r, R 1.
2 2
2 2
t
t t
t
t t
t t
t
u
t
u
t u u
t u u
=
=
=
s s s s =
s s s s =
s s s s =
n 1, j m; 1, i - , r - r r Where
r r
) r - )(r r (r
2
1
r
2
1
- r
2
1
A
is A - R of area The
} , r r r | ) {(r, R 4.
1, - j j j 1 - i i i
j i
*
i
j 1 - i i 1 - i i j
2
1 - i j
2
i ij
ij ij
j 1 - j i 1 - i ij
= = = A = A
A A =
A + = A A = A
A
s s s s =
u u u
u
u u u
u u u u
} }

A A =
A
= =
= =
|
o
u u u
u u u
u u
b
a
m
1 i
n
1 j
j i
*
i
*
j
*
i
*
j
*
i
m
1 i
n
1 j
ij
*
j
*
i
*
j
*
i
)rdrd rsin , f(rcos
r )r sin r , cos f(r
A ) sin r , cos f(r
is R on f of sum Riemanu The
}} } }
}} } }
=
s s s s =
=
s s
s s s s =
D
) ( h
) ( h
2 1
R
b
a
2
1
)rdrd rsin , f(rcos y)dA f(x,
then D on continuous is f If region.
polor a be )} ( h r ) ( h , | ) {(r, D Let 2.
)rdrd rsin , f(rcos y)dA f(x,
then R, on continuous is f If 2 - 0 and rectangle
polar a be } b, r a | ) {(r, R Let 1.
Properties
|
o
u
u
|
o
u u u
u u | u o u
u u u
t o |
| u o u
t
u u u
u u u
t u u
t
t
2
15

)d 7cos (15sin
)rdrd 3rcos ) (4(rsin 3x)dA (4y
} 0 2, r 1 | ) {(r,
4} y x 1 0, y | y) {(x, R
: Sol
4} y x 1 0, y | y) {(x, R ere wh
3x)dA (4y Evaluate 1.
: Example
0
2
R
0
2
1
2 2
2 2
2 2
R
2
=
+ =
+ = +
s s s s =
s + s > =
s + s > =
+
}
}} } }
}}
2

)rdrd r - (1
)dA y - x - (1 V
} 2 0 1, r 0 | ) {(r, D
: Sol
y - x - 1 z paraboloid the and
0 z plane by the bounded solid the of volume the Find 2.
2
0
1
0
2
D
2 2
2 2
t
u
t u u
t
=
=
=
s s s s =
=
=
} }
}}
t
u u
t u u
t t

)d e
2
1
-
2
1
( lim drd r e lim
dA e lim dA e
} 2 0 n, r 0 | ) {(r, D Consider
: Sol
} y - , x - | y) {(x, R e wher
dA e Evaluate
: Example
2
0
2
0
n -
n
n
0
r -
n
D
) y (x -
n
R
) y (x -
n
2
R
) y (x -
2 2
n
2 2
2
2 2
2
2 2
=
= =
=
s s s s =
< < < < =
} } }
}} }}
}}

+

+
+
The Cross Product
n of direction in the points your thumb then , b to a from angle the
through curl hand right your of fingers the If : rule hand - right by the
given is direction whose and b and a both lar to perpendicu tor vec
unit a is n and , 0 , b and a between angle the is re whe
n ) sin | b || a (| b a vector the is b and a of product cross The 2.
cos | b || a | b a is b and a of product inner The 1.
vectors l dimensiona three nonzero two be b a, Let
u
t u u
u
u
s s
=
=
Def inition
Example
a
u
b
n
. 1 . 2
a
b
n
a b - b a 3.
-j k i j, i k (iii)
-i j k i, k j (ii)
-k i j k, j i (i)
(0,0,1) k (0,1,0), j (1,0,0), i 2.
0 b a if only and if parallel are b and a 1.
Properties
=
= =
= =
= =
= = =
=
k
b b
a a
j
b b
a a
- i
b b
a a
b b b
a a a
k j i

) b a - b a , b a - b a , b a - b (a b a
then ), b , b , (b b ), a , a , (a a If 5.
D b D a D ) b a ( (iii)
D a b a ) D b ( a (ii)
) b (c a ) b a c( b ) a (c (i)
scalar a bea c Let 4.
2 1
2 1
3 1
3 1
3 2
3 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
1 2 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 3 3 2
3 2 1 3 2 1
3
+ = =
=
= =
+ = +
+ = +
= =
. 6
a
b
u
R
b
| b a | A(R)
is R of area The
=
k j - i and j i both to orthogonal rs unit vecto two Find 4.
b a Find k, - j i b k, j i a 3.
k 13j -43i b a
(2,7,-5) b (1,3,4), a 2.
5k 3j -6i
0 2 1
3 1 - 2
k j i
a b
5k - 3j - 6i
3 1 - 2
0 2 1
k j i
b a
(2,-1,3) b (1,2,0), a 1.
Example
+ +
+ = + + =
+ + =
= =
+ + = =
= =
= =
S surface parametric a called is
R D v) (u, ,
v) z(u, z
v) y(u, y
v) x(u, x
such that
R z) y, (x, points all of set The 2.
t ,
y(t) y
x(t) x
: curve parametric 1.
: Definition
2
3

c e
=
=
=
e

s s
=
=
| o
Surface Area
R v v, y 4, z x have we S, z) y, (x, any For
surface parametric a is S
2sinu} z v, y 2cosu, x | z) y, {(x, S 1.
: Example
2 2
e = = + e
= = = =
x
z
y
) 2 , 0 , 0 (
0 ) r - (r n plane the of equation A vector
plane the of vector normal a is n
z) y, (x, r where 0 ) r - (r n by denoted is plane The 4.
vector normal a called is n vector orthogonal This
plane. the to orthogonal is n vector a and plane the
in ) z , y , (x P r point a by determined is space in plane A 3.
: Definition
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
=
= =
=
x
z
y
r
0
r
) , , ( z y x
n
) , , (
0 0 0 0 0
z y x p r =
0 2) - 14(z 3) - 20(y 1) - 12(x : Sol
R(5,2,0) Q(3,-1,6), P(1,3,2),
points he through t passes that plane the of equation an Find
: Example
(1,2,3) n 6}, 3z 2y x | z) y, {(x, S 3.
(2,-4,1) n 0}, z 4y - 2x | z) y, {(x, S 2.
0} 4) - z 1, y 3, - (x (1,2,4) | z) y, {(x, S 1.
: Example
= + +
= = + + =
= = + =
= + =

72 )
42
2
( cos ,
42
2
n n
n n
cos
planes e between th angle the be Let
(1,-2,3) n (1,1,1), n are planes these of vectors normal The
: Sol
2 3z 2y - x and 1 z y x plane e between th angle the Find
: Example
angle the have tors vec
normal their if is S and S planes e between th angle The 6.
parallel are vectors normal their if parallel are plane Two 5.
: Definition
1 -
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
~ = =

=
= =
= + = + +
u u
u
u
u
9
y
y) f(3,
2x,
x
f(x,1)
y, x y) f(x, z
: Example
2
=
c
c
=
c
c
= =
1
L
2
L
) 1 , ( :
1
x f z C =
) , 3 ( :
2
y f z C =
x
y
z
i i
C of line tangent the is 1,2, i , L =
0 r r if smooth called is S surface The (v)
k
u
) v , z(u
j
u
) v , y(u
i
u
) v , x(u
r
is ector tangent v The c o Simlarly t (iv)
k
v
) v , z(u
j
v
) v , y(u
i
v
) v , x(u
r
obtained is ) v , z(u z ), v , y(u y
) v , x(u x where ) z , y , (x - P at c ector to tangent v The (iii)
S on lying c curve grid a
defines and u parameter single the of function vector a is ) v r(u, (ii)
S on lying c curve grid a
defines and v parameter single the of function vector a is v) , r(u i) (
) v , (u Fixed v)k z(u, v)j y(u, v)i x(u, v) r(u,
v)} x(u, x v), y(u, y v), z(u, z | z) y, {(x, S
by defined be and surface parametric a be S Let
: Definition
v u
0 0 0 0 0 0
u
2
0 0 0 0 0 0
v
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
2
0
1
0
0 0
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
= =
=
+ + =
= = = =
Exercises 2
page of out of page
the into directed is u whether v determine and | v u | Find 2.
(0,2,4) b (1,2,0), a (iii)
(5,-2,-1) b (1,2,-3), a (ii)
(3,0,1) b (-2,3,4), a (i)
a b , b a product cross the Find 1.

= =
= =
= =

5 | | = u
6 | | = u
6 | | = u
) 2 , 0 , 1 ( = u
5 | | = v
8 | | = v
) 2 , 1 , 1 ( = v
8 | | = v

60
60

150
y) f(x, lim Find (ii)
(0,0) at continuous not is y) f(x, that show (i)
(0,0) y) (x, if , 1
(0,0) y) (x, if ,
y x
xy
y) f(x,
function he Consider t 4.
not? or why why (0,0)? at continuous f Is
(0,0) y) (x, if , 0
(0,0) y) (x, if ,
y x
y x
y) f(x,
function he Consider t 3.
o) (o, y) (x,
2 2
2 4
2

=
=
+
=

=
=
+
=
following in the region the is D where , xydA Evaluate 5.
D
}}
D
x
y
2
x y =
2
1
y =
2 y x = +
}}
s + s =
D
2 2 2
4} y x 1 | y) {(x, D where )dA, sin(xy Evaluate 6.
}}
}}
= + = +
D
2
2 2 2 2
D
2
dA xy Evaluate 8.
4 y x circle the and 4 2y x
ellipse e between th region the is D where dA, x Evaluate 7.
D
2
4
(2,4)
} } } }
} } } }
t u t
t u
t
u
u
u u u u
0
Sin
0 0
Siny
0
2 2
0
Cos - 1
0
2
0
Cos
0
2
dxdy x (iv) drd r (iii)
drd rSin (ii) drd Sin r (i)
integrals iterated the Evaluate 9.
{ }
} }
}} }}
} }
} }
}}
s + =
+ +
+
+
= +
+
3
4
4
3
5Sec -
0
2 3
2 2 2
D
2 2
D
2 2
2
1
x - 2x
0
2
1
-
2 2
1
0
y - 1
0
2 2
2 2
D
y x
drd Sin r
evaluate then and s coordinate r rectangula Switch to 12.
4 y x | y) (x, D
where dA, | y x Sin | , y x Sin (iii)
dydx ) y (x (ii)
)dxdy y Sin(x (i)
Evaluate 11.
4 y x
by enclosed region the is D where , dA e Evaluate 10.
2
2
2 2
t
t
u
u u
t
} } } } } }
} } } } } }
+
s s =
s s =
s + = + = =
= + =
3
0
x - 9
0
x
0
1
0
2x
x
y x
0
0
2
0
z - 4
0
1
0
z
0
y
0
3
2 2
2 2
2
2
2xydzdydx (iv) yzdydzdx (iii)
y zsinydxdzd (ii) xyzdxdydz (i)
integral iterated the Evaluate 16.
9 x 4 , x y (ii)
2 x 0 , x y (i)
axis - x about the
curve given the rotating by obtained surface the of area the Find 15.
1 v u v, - u z v, u y uv, x surface the of area the Find 14.
9 z plane the below y x z surface the of area the Find 13.
t
) , , ( coordinate Spherical 1.
: Example
k
v
z
j
v
y
i
v
x
r k
u
z
j
u
y
i
u
x
r where
dA | r r | A(S) is S of area surface then the D, domain
parameter t the throughou ranges v) (u, as once just covered is S and
D v) (u, v)k, z(u, v)j y(u, v)i x(u, v) r(u,
equation by the given is and surface parametric smooth a be S Let 1.
Definition
v u
D
v u
| u
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
+
c
c
=
=
e + + =
}}
x
y
z
0
|
u
| ) , , p(
z) y, p(x,
| u
cos z
0 0, sin sin y
cos sin x
z y x | op | where
2 2 2
|
t | u |
u |

=
s s > =
=
+ + = =
4
, cos
4
2sin 1 cos sin x
4
, 2cos 2 cos z
2 ) 2 ( 1 1 z y x (i)
: Sol
,-2) 3 (0,2 (iii) ,0,1) 3 ( (ii) ) 2 (1,1, (i)
s coordinate spherical r to rectangula from Change 3.
2
1
3
cos 1 z
4
6
4
sin
3
sin 1 y
4
6
4
cos
3
sin 1 x )
3
,
4
(1,
coordinate Spherical s coordinate r rectangula the Find . 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
t
u u
t
u |
t
| | |

t
t t
t t t t
= = =
= = =
= + + = + + =
= =
= =
= =
k sin 16cos j sin 16sin - i cos -16sin
4sin - sin 4cos cos 4cos
0 cos 4sin sin 4sin -
k j i
r r
k ) 4(-sin j sin 4cos i cos 4cos r
k 0 j cos 4sin i sin -4sin r caculate
} 0 , 2 0 | ) , {( D ) , ( and
k 4cos j sin 4sin i cos 4sin ) , r(
is equation parametric The : Sol
S of area surface the Find (ii)
4 radius of spherical a of surface The - S
2 0 , 0
4cos z , sin 4sin y , cos 4sin x | z) y, (x,
S (i)
S surface parametric . 4
2 2
| | u | u |
| u | u |
u | u |
| u | u |
u | u |
t | t u | u | u
| u | u | | u
t u t |
| u | u |
| u
|
u
+ =
=
+ + =
+ + =
s s s s = e
+ + =
)
`

s s s s
= = =
=
}}
}} } }
=
= = =
=
+ + =
D
v u
D
0
2
0
2 2 2 2 2
dA | r r | A(S) 1.
Remark
16 4 d d 16sin dA | r r | A(S)
16sin
) sin (16cos ) sin (-16sin ) cos (-16sin | r r |
Thus
t t
| u
| u
t | u |
|
| | u | u |
u
v
v A
u A
ij
R
) , ( v u r
x
y
z
u
r
v
r
ij
S
y)k) f(x, yj xi y) r(x, (
dA )
y
z
( )
x
z
( 1 A(S)
is S of area surface The
D} y) (x, y), f(x, z | z) y, {(x, S 2.
dA r r
v u ) r (r ) A(S A(S)
v u | r r | | r v r u | ) A(S
S of area The
D
2 2
D
v u
v u ij
v u v u ij
ij
+ + =
c
c
+
c
c
+ =
e = =

A A ~ =
A A = A A ~
}}
}}

Triple Integrals
z width equal of ] z , [[z ls subinterva
n into divided a is f] [e, y, width equal of ] y , [[y ls subinterva
m into divided a d]is [c, x, width equal of ] x , [x ls subinterva l
into divided is b] [a, box. r rectangula a be f] [e, d] [c, b] [a, B Let
: Definition
[0,2] [1,3] [0,1] B 1.
: Example
f] [e, d] [c, b] [a,
f} z e d, y c b, x a | z) y, {(x, B
: box r Rectangula
k 1 - k
j 1 - j
i 1 - i
A
A
A
=
=
=
s s s s s s =
exists limit this if
v ) z , y , f(x lim z)dv y, f(x,
is B box over the f of intergral triple The 4.
v ) z , y , f(x sum Riemann triple The 3.
z y x v B of volume The 2.
] z , [z ] y , [y ] x , [x B 1.
*
ij k
*
ij k
l
1 i
m
1 j
n
1 k
*
ij k
B
0 n m, l,
*
ij k
*
ij k
l
1 i
m
1 j
n
1 k
*
ij k
ij k
k 1 - k j 1 - j i 1 - i ij k
A =
A
A A A = A
=

}}}

= = =

= = =
? yzdv x define to How
y} - x - 1 z x 2, y 0 1, x 0 | z) y, {(x, E 3.
[0,2] [1,3] [-1,1] B where , yz)dv (x Evaluate 2.
[1,2] [1,2] [0,1] B where , dv xyz Evaluate 1.
: Example
z)dxdydz y, f(x, z)dv y, f(x, then
f] [e, d] [c, b] [a, B on continuous is f If
Theorem) s bini' Theorem(Fu
E
2
B
B
2
B
f
e
d
c
b
a
=
s s s s s s =
= +
=
=
=
}}}
}}}
}}}
}}} } } }
dydx z)dz y, f(x, z)dv y, f(x, then
y)} (x, z y) (x, (x), g y (x) g b, x a | z) y, {(x, E If 2.
dA z)dz y, f(x, z)dv y, f(x, then
y)} (x, z y) (x, D, y) (x, | z) y, {(x, E If 1.
properties
z)dv y, F(x, z)dv y, f(x, Define

E z) y, if(x, 0
E z) y, if(x, z) y, f(x,
z) y, F(x, define and E, B
box r rectangula a Consider E. region bounded general a For
E
b
a
g
g
2 1 2 1
E D
2 1
E B
1(x)
1(x)
y) 2(x,
y) 1(x,
y) 2(x,
y) 1(x,
}}} } } }
}}} }} }
}}} }}}
=
s s s s s s =
|
.
|

\
|
=
s s e =
=

e
e
=
|
|
|
|
| |
| |
} x - y z x - y - 4, y x 2, x -2 | z) y, {(x, E 2.
zdzdydx zdv
y} - x - 1 z 0 x, - 1 y 0 1, x 0 | z) y, {(x, E 1.
: Examle
2 2 2
1
0
x - 1
0
y - x - 1
0
E
s s s s s s =
=
s s s s s s =
} } } }}}
x
z
y
2 2
z x y + =
15
128
dydzdx x z dv x z
4} y x z , x - 4 z x - 4 2,- x -2 | z) y, {(x, E
2
2 -
x - 4
x - 4 -
4
x z
2 2
E
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
t
= + = +
s s + s s s s =
} } } }}}
+
Riemann-Stieltjes Integral
integral Stieltjes - Riemann namely the integral, general more a consider We
) 1866 1826 ( ) 1894 1856 (
integral Riemann the of that similar to is b] [a, on g(x)
respect to with f(x) of integral Stieltjes - Riemann The
? f(x)dg(x) define to How 2.
integral Riemann x ) x f( lim f(x)dx 1.
: Remark
b
a
i
n
1 i
i
0 p| |
b
a
}

}
=
A =
=

<
> <
A A =
=
= A A =
= < < < < < =
=
=
=
b
a
n
1 i
i i
i 1 - i
i 1 - i i i
n
1 i
i i
n 1 - n 2 1 0
n 1 0
| f(x)dg(x) - g) f, S(p, |
such that 0 a exists there 0 any for if
b] [a, on g(x) respect to with integrable Stieltjes - Riemann is f(x) 2.
0 p as M g ) f(t g) f, S(p, 1.
: Definition
n 1,2, i ], x , [x interval in the
point a is t and ) g(x - ) g(x g where , g ) f(t g) f, S(p,
g) f, S(p, sum the Define b x x x x x a i.e
b] [a, of partition a be } x , x , {x P Let
c
o c

} }
} }
}
}
+
+ +
= = e
< A
4
2 -
x
2
0.5
3
1
x 2
0
2
b
a
b
a
i 1 - i i
p
1) d(sinx e , cosxdlnx
1)de (x , 1)dcosx (x 1.
: Example
b] [a, on g(x) to
respect with f of integral Stieltjes - Riemann The - f(x)dg(x) 1.
: Notation
M f(x)dg(x) n where 1,2, i ], x , [x point t the of
choice any for and , norm a with b] [a, of P partition any for
2
t
o

3 1) - (2 2 0) - (1 1 ]) [x - ] ([x t lim xd[x] 3.

0 cos0) - (cos2
4
1
0
cos2x)
2
1
(-
2
1 -

dx sin2x
2
1 -
x 2cosxsinxd
2
1
- )dx cosx(-sinx cosxdcosx 2.
5
136
0
2
) x x
5
3
( )dx 3x (3x dx 3x ) 1 (x 2) )d(x 1 (x 1.
: Example
(x)dx f(x)g' f(x)dg(x)
then b], [a, on (x) g' derivative continuous a has g(x) where
b] [a, on g(x) respect to with integrable Stieltjes - Riemann is f(x) that Suppose
Theorem9.2
b] [a, on g(x) respect to with integrable Stieltjes - Riemann is f(x) then b] [a,
on continuous is f(x) If b]. [a, on g) (decreasin increasing monotone be g(x) Let
Theorem9.1
n
1 i
1 - i i i
2
0 0
0 0 0 0
2
0
3 5 2 4 2
2
0
2 3
2
0
2
b
a
b
a
p
= + = =
= = =
= = =
= + = + = + = + +
=

}
} } } }
} } }
} }
=
A
t
t
t t t t
}

=
+
=
=

=
s s
s s
s s
=
= < < < < =
b
a
i
n
1 i
i 1 - i
n 2 1
n 1 n
n 1 - n n
2 1 2
1 1
n 2 1 n 2 1
) )f(c - ( f(x)dg(x) Then
, c , c , c at x continuous is and b] [a, on bounded is f(x) If
x c ,
c x c ,
c x c ,
c x a ,
g(x)
such that b, c c c a where , c , c , c at x
ties discontinu jump with b] [a, on defined function step a be g(x) Let
Theorem9.3

< s
< s
< s
=
4 x 3 if 2
3 x 1 if 4
1 x 0 if 1
g(x) 1.
: Example
1 2 3 4
1
2
3
4
x
y
-15 2) - (2 2.5 4) - (2 3 1) - (4 1 dg(x) x (iii)
3 4) - (4 2 1) - (4 1
)) g(x - ) (g(x t lim dg(x) x (ii)
-15 18 - 3 4) - (2 3 1) - (4 1
)) g(x - ) (g(x t lim dg(x) x (i)
2 2 2
3.5
0
2
2 2
2
0
n
1 i
1 - i i
2
i
0
2
2 2
3
0
n
1 i
1 - i i
2
i
0
2
p
p
= + + =
= + =
=
= = + =
=
}
}

}

=
A
=
A
[0,1] on 1) R(3x e 1 2.
] [0, on ) R(x cosx 1.
: Example
b] [a, on g(x) respect to
with integrable Stieltjes - Riemann is f b] [a, on R(g) f 1.
: Notation
cos3 cos2 cos1
]) [ - ] ([ cos 2) - (3 cos3 1) - (2 cos2 0) - (1 cos1
cosxd[x] cosxd[x] cosxd[x] cosxd[x] cosxd[x]
: Example
f(x)dg(x) f(x)dg(x) f(x)dg(x) f(x)dg(x) 1.
: Remark
4 x
2
3
3
2
2
1 0
1
0
c
c
c
c
b
a
c
a
2
n
1 - n
2
1
1
+ e +
e
e
+ + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =
} } } } }
} } } }
t
t t t
t t

} }
} } }
} } }
=
e e
= +
= +
e
b
a
b
a
2
0
2
0
2 2 2
c
a
b
c
b
a
g(x)df(x) - f(a)g(a) - f(b)g(b) f(x)dg(x)
have we and b] [a, on R(f) g then b], [a, on R(g) f If
Theorem9.5
cosxdx cosxdx cosxdx 1.
: Example
f(x)dg(x) f(x)dg(x) f(x)dg(x)
have we and exists also third then the
exist, (1) in integrals three the of two If b), (a, c that Assume
Theorem9.4
t
t
t
t
incresing is g(x) , (x)dg(x) f dg(x) (x) f (x) f (x) f 7.
incresing is g dg(x), f(x) f(x)dg(x) 6.
(x) f(x)dg (x) f(x)dg (x)) g (x) f(x)d(g 5.
(x)dg(x) f (x)dg(x) f (x))dg(x) f (x) (f 4.
f(x)dg(x) k kf(x)dg(x) 3.
f(x)dg(x) k) f(x)d(g(x) 2.
g(a) - g(b) dg(x) 1.
: Properties
b
a
2
b
a
1 2 1
b
a
b
a
b
a
2
b
a
1
b
a
2 1
b
a
2
b
a
1
b
a
2 1
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
} }
} }
} } }
} } }
} }
} }
}
s s
s
+ = +
+ = +
=
= +
=
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
=
=
+
= +
= +
= +
=
=
=

s < +
=
= e
4
3
4
1
1
1 -
6
0
2
5
0
x
5
0
2
4
6
1
0
2x
b
a
? [x]d[2x] 8.
?
x
1 -
e 1
1
|]d x [| 7.
? | x - 3 | [x])d (x 6.
? [x]) d(x e 5.
? )d[x] 1 (x 4.
? xdtanx 3.
? xde 2.
h f(a) f(x)dg(x) that Show
b x a if h c
a x if c
g(x) b], c[a, f(x) let 1.
: Exercise
t
t
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}

=
+
=

>
s
= =
+

2
0
2
0
2
0
2
1
t
1 x
1
1 -
0
4
5
4
1
4
5
4
1
exist? xdf(x) Does (iii)
exist not can f(x)dx that Show (ii)
exist not can f(x)dx that Show (i)
irrational is x if 1
rational is x if 0
f(x) Let 14.
[t]) d(t e lim 13.
? | x | xd 12.
2 x if 2
2 x if 0
g(x) where ? cosxdg(x) 11.
exist? [x]d[2x] Does 10.
exist? [2x]d[x] Does 9.
x
t