EMPIRICAL DESIGN METHODS UBC GEOMECHANICS RESEARCH CERM3 WORKSHOP

R. PAKALNIS - UBC

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INTRODUCTION
ANALYTICAL QUANTIFY ROCK MASS RELATE TO PAST PRACTICE OBSERVATIONAL PREDICTION

EMPIRICAL

SAFETY & WORKABLE

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STOPE DESIGN PILLAR DESIGN SPAN DESIGN SUPPORT

1998
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STRESS
INDUCED LOAD INPUT PARAMETERS GUESTIMATE

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STRUCTURE
GEOMETRY SHEAR STRENGTH SUPPORT

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ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION

RMR (1976) Q - SYSTEM (1974)

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OPENING DESIGN
STABILITY GRAPH (ELOS) CRITICAL SPAN CURVE

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ELOS EQUIVALENT LINEAR OVERBREAK SLOUGH

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RELAXED HW A=1 PARALLEL STRUCTURE B = 0.2, 0.3 WALL DIP

C = ( 8 - 6*COS f )

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MODIFIED STABILITY GRAPH RADIUS FACTOR

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RADIUS FACTOR = 1.1 X HYDRAULIC RADIUS

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OPENING DESIGN
STABILITY GRAPH (ELOS) CRITICAL SPAN CURVE

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SPAN DESIGN CURVE

Updated Span Design Curve (292 obs)
Span
Post Pillar Span

Span = Diameter of the largest circle which can be drawn between pillars and walls in plan view

Design Span (m)

UNSTABLE

STABLE

Rock Mass Rating

Unstable Potentially Unstable Stable

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Updated Span Design Curve (292 obs)

Span
Post Pillar Span

Span = Diameter of the largest circle which can be drawn between pillars and walls in plan view

Design Span (m)

UNSTABLE

STABLE

WEAK ROCK MASS SEISMICITY

Rock Mass Rating

Unstable Potentially Unstable Stable

(5.5

2.5

2.5

5.5)

EXTENT OF FAILURE

6ft 5ft
(0.5*10ft*5ft*3ft)/11ft3/ton= 7ton

3ft x 3ft BOLT SPACING

10ft

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SPAN ESTIMATION

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NEURAL NETS USED TO ARRIVE AT A DESIGN CURVE NOT SOLELY AS A PRECDICTIVE TOOL/ BLACK BOX

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PREDICTIVE TOOL
SPAN ESTIMATION
Original Data Stability Scatter Plot
RMR vs Sp an al l Case s pl ot 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 RM R (%) Stable P. Uns table 60 70

3
80

Span (m)

90

100

Unstable s table

E xpon. (st able)

Expon. (St able)

Ex pon. (P . Unst able)

292 CASE HISTORIES

(160 STABLE, 59 POT, 73 UNSTABLE)

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18 X 18 GRID NEURAL OUTPUT (324 pts)

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PREDICTIVE TOOL
SPAN ESTIMATION

NEURAL NET RESULTS IN CONTOUR PLOT OF 1=.100% STABLE TO 3=100% UNSTABLE TRAINING ERROR = 12%
Neural Network Stability Contour Plot
42.5

37.5

3.20 3.00 2.80 2.60 2.40 2.20

32.5

Span (m)

Unstable Zone
bl sta e

Span (m)

27.5

2.00 1.80 1.60 1.40 1.20

ne Zo

22.5

17.5

1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20

12.5

l tia n e t Po
0 10 20 30 40 50

Un

Stable Zone

7.5

0.00

60

70

80

90

100

2.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

RMR

RMR (%)

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PILLAR DESIGN
PILLAR LOAD/UCS PILLAR WIDTH/HEIGHT

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PILLAR STABILITY GRAPH

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PILLAR STABILITY GRAPH

Wp/Hp < 1 SEISMICITY

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GOLDCORP RED LAKE MINE

1700m below surface 47g/tonne GOLD

600 TPD
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BURST PRONE CRITERIA

STABLE
LOW BURST POTENTIAL

UNSTABLE
MEDIUM BURST POTENTIAL 1.0 < FS < 1.4 0.5 < s 1/UCS < 0.6 s 2 < Wp/Hp < 3 Ground working, pillar spalling

FAILED
HIGH BURST POTENTIAL FS<1.0 1/UCS > 0.6 Wp/Hp < 2 Substantial bursting *

Pillar Stability Graph Induced Stress Criteria Pillar Geometry Observations

FS> 1.4 on Pillar Stability Graph s 1/UCS < 0.5 Wp/Hp > 3 Minor ground working, minor spalling

* in process of being evaluated - microseismic

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SURFACE SUBSIDENCE OVER SHALLOW EXCAVATIONS

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ANGLE OF CRITICAL DEFORMATION IS <10o FROM VERTICAL

STRUCTURAL CONTROL DEPTH OF CAVE AS MUCH AS 14X EXCAVATION HEIGHT

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CONCLUSIONS
CALIBRATION TO ANALYTICAL AND INTERPOLATE, NOT EXTRAPOLATE EMPIRICAL APPROACHES

KNOW THY DATABASE TOOL MODIFIED ACCORDING TO MINE BEHAVIOUR SAFETY & WORKABLE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

NIOSH

CERM3
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