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20

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31

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1.5.

39

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1.7. . 60
1.8.

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67

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67

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74

2.3. ..

77

2.4. 84
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2.5. ("UKC")... 109
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"Navigare necesse est" - " !". -
, ,
. -
- ,
.
5 . .
XX ,
, 20 - 29 . per. 1900
522 . pe. 1998 , ( 100
per, ) 85494 . 2000 ,
42849
817 . . 14 ,
19 , ( -40 .
, "ULCC" 400 .
!).
-
.
60-80% ,
:
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17 - 10 .
7 . - .

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465 , .. 2500 !
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2500
5000 , 2000 ( 150 , 100 .
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1.2

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1.3

1300

1.4

1073

1.5

1100

1.6

1.7

1000
950

2.1

500

.. 300 -

2.2

--

500-600

.. 150 -

2.3

200

.. 60 -

2.4

350

. . 200 -

2.5

. ( )

250

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2.6

145

3.1

200

.. 30-

3.2

90

.. 30-

3.3

500

.. 70-80 (
- 2000)

3.4

30
7

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1

3.5

35

3.6

, ,

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.1

720

.. 120 ~

4.2

70-80

4.3

--

55

4.4

70

50

20
30-60

max - 90

120-140
40

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.
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, ,
.
6 .
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8

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( 100-200 500 ?

.2-.4 [472].
B.2
1989-1999 .
( 500 )

1989

16

212

18

336

120

377

154

925

1990

19

288

23

858

116

381

158

1,527

1991

18

571

27

754

140

520

185

1,845

1992

19

448

20

681

125

402

164

1,531

1993

19

316

11

276

422

158

1.014

1994

22

627

18

631

103

475

143

1,733

1995

190

404

Tl6

365

136

959

1996

17

220

13

241

106

506

136

967

1997

17

337

12

322

88

467

117

1,126

1998

11

61

21

319

108

478

140

858

1999

12

119

23

536

95

267

130

922

0,32%

0,20%

128

 ( 1989-1999 .)

(% )

0-4
5-9
10-14
15-19
20-24
25-29
30

, %

0,02
0,07
0,20
0,39
0,88
0,60
0,09

, %

0,01
0,06
0,08
0,53
0,18
0,23
0,40

,
%
0,02
0,08
0,24
0,34
0,39
0,48

, %

0,02
0,07
0,18
0,41
0,34
0,44
0,37

.4
( 1989-1999 .)
( )

12

14

149

175

11%

24

71

206

301

19%

28

15

122

165

11%

16

58

82

5%

64

37

372

473

30%

39

26

307

372

24%

183

171

1,214

1,568

0,32%

[119]:
XIX . 3-4% ;
XX . 1,5%;
60- - 0,6-0,7%;
90- - 0,17%.
, 20
10

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. .1. (
) 1970-1999 . [119]
, 400 (
, ,
3-4 !). ,
2 . , po
- 0,02%. " " 20
, D. Nielsen
( 1990-94 .) 2600
( .. 1229 - ),
[396].

. , "North of England"

500 . ( 13% -
, 12% -

[274].

"

, ,
"" "-78/95", -
" ", - Phi!
Anderson, 'Loss Prevention Programme" . - "
11

 ...
" ",
"
," - . , $ 500
. -
"North of England".
&I 2 [434].
, -
120-150 . 800-400 .
- .
. ,
( ) $ 1 .
,
$ 750,000
. , -
1999 ( "Norwegian Dream"
"Norwegian Sky"), $ 19 !
"Suezmax" $ 50 , - $ 25
! ...
,
. "",
99,98% (
10 99.9997%!),
.. ,
.
12% . , ,
10 - 1989 1998 - 366
( 7
1,25 . ). "" ( 700
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12

. .2. 5000 (700 )

1970-1999 . [119]
90- ""
70- !
70- - 3.179 . , 80- - $6 . , 90-
- 1.096 . , .. 100 . .
r.T
(. .5).
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1
1.

2
Atlantic Empress

3
1979

4
- (-)

5
287 000

2.

Summer

1991

700

260 000

3.

Castillo de Bellver

1983

252 000

4.

Amoco Cadiz

1978

. -,

223 000

5.

Haven

1991

144 000

6.
7.

Odyssey
Torrey Canyon

1988
1967

700 .
-,

132 000
119 000

8.

Urquiola

1976

-,

100 000

13

 .5
1

9.

Hawaiian Patriot

1977

300

95 000

10.

Independenta

1979

95 000

11.

Jakob Maersk

1975

88 000

12.

Braer

1993

85 000

13.

Khark 5

1989

120

80 000

14.

Aegean Sea

1992

-,

74 000

15.

Sea Empress

1996

-,

72 000

16.

Katina P.

1992

72 000

17.

Assiini

3983

55 ,

53 000

18.
19.

Metula
Wafra

1974
1971

50 000
40 000

20.

Exxon Valdez

1989

37 000

"LIABILITY Convention" "FUND Convention"

1992 ,

$ 89 ., - $ 201 .

"-90")

" ", ..

.

.
SAFETY - FIRST! (" - !'1) , , .
( ) ,
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14

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1999 ).

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"Bridge Team
17

Management" - " ".

1978 .. ,
"", /! "
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..
[97], - - " " [96].
, 3400 ,
.
80-
"Bridgb Team Management Training" (" "
""). . 90-

"Maritime Operations Centre, Warsash" (Southampton Institute of
Marine Studies, U..) "SAS Flight Academy" (Stokholm-Arlanda, Sweden).
,

18

 1981 -
"Soiartron", - "Norkontro! NM.3-90", 1991
.
" "

(. ), ,
90- , - .
"Bridge Team Management Training"
, "
" .
" " ("&I Clubs")
"Loss Prevention Programme" ("
"). , 2001 "The Swedish Club" - ()
, "Bridge Resource
Management" ("SAS- BRM Programme").
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Training") - , .
. "BTM Training"
,
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20

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"Bridge earn Management".

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1.1.11 ,
, , "Bridge Procedures
Guide" (" "),
(ICS). 1998
"" ,

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"

,
, " " (.
1.1.1).
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"SOTNAV"

"INTERTANKO

Guidelines for Safer Oil Tanker NAVigation" -

"" . ,
"Bridge Procedures Guide"
. "SOTNAV":
1

General;

Voyage Planning;

Preparation for the Sea;

Navigation;

Arrival in Port;

Communication and Reporting Arrangements;

27

Navigation Watch - Crew Screening.

28

29

 , ""
("Appendices"):
I)

Protective Measures for Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas ("

");
II)

Pre-Arrival Check List;

III) Format for Ship movement Messages (Extract from Res. A.648(16J);
IV)

Tanker Questionnaire:

Exposure of Vessel to Risk; List of Routes; Report Form;

V)

A typical Near-Miss Situation.

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1.2.1 "

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("

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, 1990
"-90" "MARPOL-73/78", "LIABILITY Convention", "FUND Convention", . [119].
(US 33 CFR)

( - ).
30

, " "
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1.2.2 01 1997 "

, " (33 CFR, part 157;

46 CFR, parts 31 and 35). " "
:
;
;
;
;
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.
, 2015 ,

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1.2.3 ,
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" "BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
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157.415()).

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:
1)

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" YIHB-78/95", BVIII/2 31
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$ 5.000
$ 1.000 . ,

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1.2.5

33

CFR,

164,

, (
,
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, ,
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33 CFR, Parts 10 to 199 and Parts 200 to End;
46 CFR, Parts 1 to 40;
US CG Navigational Rules (International - Inland);
Notices to Mariners;
US Coast Pilots;
33

 Coast Guard Light Lists;

Tide Tables;
Tide Current Tables;
Admiralty List of Radio Signals;
, X "ISGOTT", -
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20 . .
8000 ,
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1.2.6
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1.2.7 ,
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34

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29 1997 .

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-90" ("-90 Vessel Response Plan").
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36


(33 CFR, 164.25(d)

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33 CFR 164.11(S)".
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(33 CFR 164.1 l(t)).
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156,65

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"Inner Harbour Navigation Canal"

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1998 7
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"-89" .
1.3.14
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48

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50

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54

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[M T ( t )] = [ T2 ] M 02

(2.4.10)

, (2.4.2), (tC)
tC 2 :
( t ) =

[M 2 ( t )]
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[M 2t ( t )] M 02
k C2

(2.4.11)

tC2 :
( t ) =

[M C ( t ) ]
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[M T2 ( t )] M 02
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(2.4.12)

2.4.3.3
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196

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197

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200

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201

202

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204

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1
1.1
1.2
2

USA:
Houston (Texas)
Pascagoula (Mississippi)
Dominica:
Rio Haina
3 Guatemala:
3.1 Santo Tomas de Castilla
4 Honduras:
4.1 Puerto Cortes:
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(UKC) min,

(DWT)

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40 000
80 000

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205

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("UKC"), . . .
207

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No. 008/2001 18.06.2001 ,
,
, :
- 37 3 ;
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- 33 3 .
"65" ""
,
[524, 525].
:
;

- 42 ( "Institute nacional

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208

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209

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8,55

2.5.5.5

(-
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2.5.5: "nissosamorgos" :

"Nissos Amorgos" "Aframax" ( 89 426 )
28 1997 ,
(35 6 ),
75 000 .
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21, ,
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( 96547 ) , - .
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210

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. "Olimpic Sponsor"
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- 27.
. 19 2000 37 3
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1999 , - 37
3 , ""
, "19" "23",
5 [506].
"Nissos Amorgos"
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211

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[283].
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"Civil Liability Convention"
212

("CLC"). "Fund-1971" 83 . .
, , 350 . . 1999 [306].
, "Gard" ,

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2.5.6: .
,
[6]
26 1977 "" ( 19335 , 8,6
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1918 1921
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213

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214

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2.6.1.1 ("")
(. . 2.1.8
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, ""
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2.6.1.3

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1 "" "",
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2.6.1.4

"PASSAGE

(VOYAGE) PLAN FORMS", "PILOTAGE PASSAGE

PLAN" ("PPP"), .

.
215

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" "

, ,
.
2.6.2 ""

2.6.2.1

""

"NOVOSHIP (UK) Ltd"

"".
, ,
"" : "" ("SEA") ,
("PILOTAGE").

, () ""
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2.6.2.2

"" . 2.6.1, 2.6.2.

:
1 "CHART NUMBER" -
;
, ,
.
2 "WAY POINT" ("WP") - " ",
; "WP's"
, , - (
- ) .

"WP's"

. "" ""
, ()
, .
216

217

218

3 "TRACKLINE"
():
"COURSE" ("TRUE COURSE") -
( !) ;
"SPEED" - ;
"DISTANCE" - ;
"DEPTH" - .
4 "DISTANCE TO GO"- , "WP"
;
5 "FIX METHOD" -
.
6 " FIX FREQUENCY" - .
7

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8 "" - /
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- ); ,

(BW-2, BW-3).
10 "TIDAL CURRENT" - . - ("Flood")
("Ebb"), ("Set") ("Drift") .
.
219

11 "REMARKS AND MASTER'S COMMENTS" -

.
, ,

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2.6.2.3 , ""
, ..
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2.6.3 "" "UNICOM"
2.6.3.1

" "

"" "" (UNI/ FMS/ 001)

. 2000 ""
(FORM 77, Form 76) 2.6.3-2.6.4.
2.6.3.2

"" (FORM 77)

:
1 REFERENCE POINT - - "" ;
2 BEARING & RANGE - " " (.3)
( " ");
3 WAY POINT - () -
(LAT) (LONG);
4 TRACK - ;
5 D1ST (ANCE) ON TR () -
" " ;
6 DIST (ANCE) TO DEST (INATIO) N -
" " (
) ;
7

"ALL VOL" - "Admiralty List of Lights";

PILOT BOOK- ;
220

221

222

TIDES VOL (UME) - " ";

10

REMARKS - , ;

11

TOTALS - "

" "DIST. ON TR.";

12

CHARTS

REQUIRED

(
);
13 MASTER'S REMARKS - ;
14 , ,

( "")
.

.
2.6.3.3
(Form76)
:
1 (WPN TO WPN+1) - ( -
) " ",
Kypcar "WPi" - " 1",
;
2 TRUE TRACK -
;
3 DIST(ANCE FROM) WPN (TO) WOPN (Wheel - Over Position) " " (WPN)
(WOPN) ;
4 SAFE SPEED - ;
5 POS(ITION) LINES FOR WP/ WOP(S) -
(BRG - , Dist - ), (
"UNICOM") "" ("Visual
223

Mark") (Radar Mark) "

" (WP's), (WOP's);
6 CURRENT - ("SET") ("RATE")
;
7 UKC ("Under-Keel Clearance") -
;
8 FIX METHOD - /
;
9 FREQUENCY - ;
10 RADAR MARK FOR "PI" -
" ";
11 "PI" DIST(ANCE) - - ",
(MIN, ) " "; -
( );
12 (Visual) (Radar)
, ;
( ) (V, R V/R);
13 TRANSITS -, ;
(V) "FWD" (""), "REAR",
(BRG) ;
14 ME Status - (Main
Engine) - "" "" - ;
15 BRIDGE MANNING - ()
( ) ("A"
Automatic, M -manual steering);
16 DANGERS, CAUT(IONARY) AREAS -
, ,
;
17 CONTINGENCIES, ABORTS -
("CONTINGENCY")
224

, /
("ABORT");
18 REPORT POINTS -

(VHF CHANNEL);
19 STATUS REP(ORT) BY 00W -
, ;
- CONT(ENTS) -
- FREQ(UENCY);
20 CHARTS REQUIRED IN SEQUENCE -
(
);
21 ALL, VOLUME, PAGES - "Admiralty List of Lights", ,
;
22 PILOT BOOK, VOLUME, PAGES - , (),
;
23 TIDES, VOLUME - , ,
;
24 CURRENTS INF'O(RMATION) SOURCE -
, (. "6");
25 TIDES INFO(RMATION) -
(DATE); () () (HW)
(LW) (HIGH WATER, LOW WATER);
26

MASTER'S REMARKS - ;

27

PASSAGE - (FROM:)

(:);
28

DATE: ;

29

/ V: ;

30 PAGE___OF____:
" ";
225

31 , ,

( "") .
( ),
"" "Conning Position",
.. , .
,
( "3" ),
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.
.
2.6.4 "" ACOMARIT

2.6.4.1. " "

"ACOMARIT NAVIGATION MANUAL" (ACO/NAV/001)
. "" 1996 . 4
:
1 Route Assessment ( ) - Form 108
(. 2.6.5);
2 Sea Passage Plan - Form 104/105 (. 2.6.6-2.6.7);
3 Passage Plan (Pilotage) - Form 106 (. 2.6.8).
2.6.4.2

" " (Form 108)

.
"Assessment" (. . 2.2 "") ,

, :

226

227

228

229

1 - ()
,
/
;
2 / ;
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"Summary

of

Route".

/ ,
. ,

.
(Route Selected) ~
(Master's Reason for Selection).
,
- /
/ ( ).
2.6.4.3 "Sea Passage Plan - Form 104"
, " " (. 2.6.6).
("DEP" - Departure),
("ARR" - Arrival).
(STEAMINGTIMES)
. (TIME CHANGE) ,
()
. , ,
(F, , ).
230

2.6.4.4 "Sea Passage Plan - Form 105" (. 2.6.7)

"" "" .
, ""
"UNICOM".
1 "WP" Mo - " ",
;
2 "Reference Point", "Bearing and Distance" - ""
" " ;
3 "Latitude/ Longitude" - "
";
4 "Course to Steer" - "TRACK", ..
( !);
5

"DIST. ON COURSE" = "DIST. ON TRACK";

"DIST. TO GO" = "DIST. TO DESTINATION";

"MAX DRAFT" - ;

"MIN DEPTH" - ( )

;
9

"EST SQUAT" -

;
10

"UKC" - "Under-Keel Clearance" -

;
(7-10) "UNICOM" ""
.

: .11 "PUBLICATIONS" -
( , , , , . .);
12 "GENERAL COMMENTS" - ,
, (,
, ,
; ; , ;
231

 " ", . .);

13 "COMMUNICATIONS" - ,
" ", "NAVTEX", . .;
14 "EMERGENCY PROCEDURES" -
, , . .;
;
( "SOPEP"), . .;
15 "HAZARDS/ CURRENT/ TIDES/ WEATHER DATA" -
, , ,
( - ), . .;
16 "MASTER'S COMMENTS" - ,
(,
; ; ; . .),
.
2.6.4.5 "PASSAGE PLAN (PILOTAGE) - FORM 106" (. 2.6.8)
""
""
"UNICOM".
:
1 "SHIP STATUS" - ,
, (,
-
);
2 "BRIDGE STATUS" -
;
, "REMARKS";
3 "VHF CHANNELS" -
( / , , , ,
, .);

232

233

4 "WEATHER" -
/ ,
/ ;
5 "TIDAL DATA" -
, ( , ,
. .) ;
6 - (DRAFT)
, (F, , ), "UKC",
,
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(, (*),
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, "";
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PASSAGE PLAN";
2 "REFERENCE POINT" - ""
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- "WOP's");
3 "TIME" - , (00.00)
""; ( )
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;
4

"ENGINE STATUS" -
234

 ;
5

"EST(IMATED) SPEED" - ;

"TRACK" - ;

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261