UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENTENCES AND CLAUSES IN A TEXT

The relationship between sentences and clauses in a text may be expressed through two kinds of sentence joining devices.

1. LOGICAL CONNECTORS [conjunction, adverb] 2. REFERENCE DEVICES [ pronoun, auxiliary verb, adverb, repeated words, synonyms]

LOGICAL CONNECTORS [Connects sentences and clauses by showing their relationship ]

RELATIONSHIP
Cause and Effect Time

EXAMPLES
Thus, Therefore, So, Consequently, As a result. First, Then, Next, After, Before, While, Meanwhile, Now, During, Finally, When. Besides, In addition to this, First of all, Moreover, Furthermore, Finally. But, However, In contrast, Otherwise, On the contrary, On the other hand. But, Yet, However, Although, Whereas. For example, For instance, such as, To conclude, In brief, In short.

Addition

Change of Direction Contrast and Concession

Exemplification/ Conclusion

REFERENCE DEVICES
Reference devices are words, which refer to words in the following or previous sentences. Examples: 1. PRONOUNS: Pronouns are used to connect ideas as you develop a paper. It helps you to avoid needless repetition. EXAMPLES: When I saw my friend last night, he gave me a present. Jim used to work in Milan but he left there last year.

2. Auxiliary Verbs: Example:

I like ice cream and so does my brother. 3. Adverbs: Example: They met in 1973 and have been friends since then. I have heard this before.