Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

V D TNH TON THIT K

HGT TRC VT
THIT K H THNG DN NG THANG MY

H thng dn ng thang my gm: 1: ng c in; 2: B truyn ai thang;

3: Hp gim tc trc vt 1 cp; 4: Ni trc n hi; 5: Tang trng ca thang
my
S liu thit k:
- Cng sut trn trc thang my: P = 2.5 KW
- S vng quay trc thang my: n = 40 vg/ph
- Thi gian lm vic cho n khi hng: Lh = 10000 gi
- Ti trng tnh.

I. CHN NG C VA PHAN PHI T S TRUYN

S liu thit k: Cong sut tren trc cong tac Pct = 2,5 kW, s vng quay
trc thang my nlv = 40 vg/ph .
1.1 CHN NG C :

1) Hiu sut chung ca h thng truyn ng:

ch = xbrol3 = 0, 955.0,82.0, 99 2 = 0, 77

trong : hiu sut b truyn ai d = 0, 955

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

Hiu sut b truyn trc vt tv = 0,82

Hiu sut b truyn ln ol = 0, 99

2) Cng sut cn thit ca ng c:

Pdc = Pct = 2, 5 = 3, 25 kW
ch 0, 77

3) T s truyn:
uch = uh ud = 16.2 = 32

trong :
Chn t s truyn hp gim tc l: u h = 16
Chn t s truyn b truyn ai thang l: u d = 2
Vy ta chn ng c Pc = 4 kW
ng c

S vng quay

4A100S2Y3
2880
4A100L4Y3
1420
4A112MB6Y3
950
4A132S8Y3
720
Vy ta chn ng c 4A100L4Y3

T s truyn
chung
72
35,5
23,75
18

B truyn ai

B truyn trc
vt
24
16
10
9

3
2,22
2,375
2

n = 1420 vg/ph; uch = 35, 5 ; uh = 16 ; ud = 2, 22

1.1 C TNH K THUT
Vi cc thng s va chn, ta thit lp bng c tnh k thut sau:
Thng s
Cng sut (KW), P
T s truyn, u
Mmen xon (Nmm), T
S vng quay (vg/ph), n

ng c
I
4
3,11
2,22
26901,41 46407,03
1420
640

II
3
16
604037,5
40

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

II. TNH TAN B THIT K CHI TIT MY

2.1 THIT K B TRUYN AI
- S liu ban u:
Cng sut P (kW)

S vng quay bnh dn n1 (vg/ph)

1420

T s truyn u

2,22

- Tnh ton thit k:

1) Chn loi ai:
- Vi cng sut P = 4 kW v n 1 = 1420 vg/ph, da vo th trang 152 [5], ta
chn loi ai A vi cc thng s sau:
K hiu

bt

yo

A ( mm2 )

A
11
13
8
2,8
81
2) ng knh bnh ai nh d1 = 1, 2d min = 1, 2.100 = 120 mm
Theo tiu chuNn, chn d1 = 125 mm
3) Vn tc ai :

d1

L (mm)

100-200

500-4000

.d1.n1 .125.1420
v = 60000
= 60000
= 9, 294 m / s .
4) Ta chn h s trt = 0,01.
ng knh bnh ai ln: d2 = u .d1.(1- ) = 2,22.125.(1-0,01) = 274,725 mm.
Theo tiu chuNn, ta chn d2 = 280 mm.
T s truyn u =

Sai lch u =

d2
d1 (1 )

= 2, 26

280
125.(1 0, 01)

2, 26 2, 22
= 1, 77% < 5%
2, 26

5) Khong cch trc a :

2(d1 + d 2 ) a 0, 55(d1 + d 2 ) + h
2(125 + 280) a 0, 55(125 + 280) + 8
810 a 230, 75

Ta chn s b khong cch trc a = d2 = 280 mm

6) Chiu di tnh ton ca ai :

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

2
(d d ) 2
(d 2 d1 )
L = 2a +
=
+ 2 4a 1
2
4a
(125 + 280) (125 280) 2
= 2.280 +
+
= 1217, 623 mm .
2
4.280

(d1 + d 2 )

Theo tiu chuNn chn L = 1250 (mm) = 1,25 m.

7) S vng chy ca ai trong 1 giy :
i=

v
9, 294 = 7,4352 < 10 s-1 (tha iu kin trt).
=
L
1, 25

8) Tnh li khong cch trc a :

a=

k + k 2 8 2
4

k = L .

(d1 + d 2 )

= 1250 .

(125 + 280)

2
=
a=

= 613,83mm .

(d 2 d1 ) (280 125)
=
= 77, 5mm .
2
2
613,83 + (613,832 8.77, 52 )
4

= 296,8mm .

Gi tr ca a nm trong phm vi cho php trnh by trn.

9) Gc m ai bnh ai nh :
= 180o 57.

(d 2 d1 )

= 180o 57.

(280 125)

= 150, 23o = 2, 622 rad .

296,8

10) Cc h s s dng :
- H s xt n nh hng gc m ai:
C = 1, 24.(1 e

1
110

) = 1, 24.(1 e

150,23
110

) = 0, 9236

- H s xt n nh hng ca vn tc:
Cv = 1 0, 05.(0, 01v 2 1) = 1 0, 05.(0, 01.9, 2942 1) = 1, 007

- H s xt n nh hng ca t s truyn u:
Cu = 1,13 v u = 2,22

- H s xt n nh hng ca s dy ai CZ, ta chn s b bng 1

- H s xt n nh hng ca ch ti trng: Cr =0,85 (ti trng tnh)
- H s xt n nh hng ca chiu di ai:

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

CL =

L
L0

1250
= 0, 95
1700

Theo biu 4.21 (1) (trang 151), ta chn [P0]=1,88 KW khi d=125 mm vi ai
loi A.
S dy ai c xc nh theo cng thc:
P1

[P0 ].C .C u .CL .Cz .Cr .Cv

4
= 1,88.0, 9236.1,13.0, 95.1.0,85.1, 007 = 2, 51

Ta chn z = 3 ai
11) Xc nh lc cng ban u v lc tc dng ln trc:
- Lc cng ai ban u:
F0 = A. 0 = z.A1. 0 = 3.81.1, 5 = 364, 5 N
F0

- Lc cng mi dy ai:

= 121, 5N

1000.P1

- Lc vng c ch: Ft =

= 430, 38 N

9, 294

v1

- Lc vng trn mi dy ai:

1000.4

Ft

= 143, 46 N

- T cng thc:
F e f . + 1
t
F0 = . f .
2 e 1

- T y suy ra:
f'=

ln

2.F0 + Ft
1
2.364, 5 + 430, 38
=
ln
= 0, 52
2.F0 Ft 1, 622 2.364, 5 430, 38

- H s ma st nh nht b truyn ai khng b trt trn l :

f min = f ' .sin 200 = 0,177

- Lc tc dng ln trc :
Fr 2F0 .sin

= 2.364, 5sin

150, 320
2

= 704, 54 N

12)ng sut ln nht trong dy ai ;

o max = o + 0,5. t + v + u1
=

121, 5 143, 46
2.2,8.100
+
+1200.9, 294 2.10 6 +
= 6, 969 MPa
81
2.81
125
5

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

13)Tui th ai xc nh theo cng thc (4.37):

m
8
r
.107
9 .107

6, 969
= 1445, 27 h
Lh = max
2.3600i = 2.3600.7, 4352

vi r = 9 MPa, i = 7,4352 (1/s), m=8

2.2 THIT K B TRUYN TRC VT BNH VT

- S liu ban u:
Cng sut P (kW)

3,11

Mmen xon trc vt T1 (Nmm)

46407,03

Mmen xon trc vt T 2 (Nmm)

604037,5

S vng quay trc vt n1 (vg/ph)

640

S vng quay trc vt n2 (vg/ph)

40

T s truyn u

16

- Tnh ton thit k:

1. D on vn tc trt v s theo cng thc (7.8):
v =
s

(3, 7 4, 6)n1
105

T =
2

(3, 7 4, 6).640 3
604037, 5
105

= (2, 0017 2, 4886) = 2, 3 m / s

Tng ng vi vn tc trt vs = 2,3 m/s ta chn cp chnh xc l 8 (bng 7.4).

V v s 5 m/s, ta chn ng thanh khng thit BrAlFe9-4 c trong khun ct vi
b = 400 MPa v ch = 200 MPa lm bnh vt.
Chn vt liu cho trc vt l thp 40Cr c ti vi rn > 450 HRC, sau
c mi v nh bng ren vt (bng 7.8).
2. ng sut tip xc cho php bnh vt :
[ H ] = (276 300) 25vs = 218, 5 242, 5 MPa

Chn [ H ] = 225 MPa

- ng sut un cho php :

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

6
6
[ ] = (0, 25 + 0, 08 ). 9 10 = (0, 25.200 + 0, 08.400). 9 10
F
ch
b
N FE
24.106

= 57, 6 MPa
= 60.

vi N FE

T2i

)9 .n .t = 60.40.10000 = 24.106 (chu k)

T2

i i

3. Chn s mi ren z1 = 2 vi t s truyn u = 16 (16,30)

- S rng bnh vt z2 = uz1 = 16.2 = 32 rng
- Chn h s ng knh q 0, 26z2 = 0, 26.32 = 8, 32
Suy ra chn q = 10 theo tiu chuNn.
4. Chn s b theo cng thc (7.11):
= 0, 9(1

) = 0, 9(1

200

16

) = 0,828

200

5. Tnh khong cch trc:

2

aw = 1+ q 3 170
T2 K H
z 2 [ H ] ( q / z2 )
10 170 604037, 5.1, 25
= 1+ 3

= 146,1mm
(10 / 32 )
32 225
2

trong , h s ti trng tnh K H = K H .K HV =1,25 vi K H =1; K HV =1,25 (bng 7.6

[1])
- Tnh moun: m =

2aw
z2 + q

2.146,1
= 6, 95
32 +10

Chn m = 8 theo tiu chuNn

- Khong cch trc aw = 0.5m(q + z2 ) = 0.5.8.(32 +10) = 168 mm . Do khng th
chn h s dch chnh khong cch trc tiu chuNn nn ta c th ly khong cch
trc ny.
6. Xc nh kch thc b truyn:
Thng s hnh hc
Trc vt
ng knh vng chia
ng knh vng nh
ng knh vng y
Gc xon c vt

Cng thc
d1 = mq = 8.10 = 80 mm
d a1 = d1 + 2m = 80 + 2.8 = 96 mm
d f 1 = d1 2, 4m = 80 2, 4.8 = 60,8 mm
z
2
= arctg 1 = arctg = 11, 31o
q
10

Bnh vt
7

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

ng knh vng chia

ng knh vng nh
ng knh vng y

d 2 = mz2 = 8.32 = 256 mm

d a 2 = m(z2 + 2) = 8.(32 + 2) = 272 mm
d f 2 = m(z2 2, 4) = 8.(32 2, 4) = 236,8 mm
aw = 0, 5m(q + z2 ) = 0, 5.8.(10 + 32) = 168 mm
6m
6.8
d aM 2 d a 2 +
= 214, 2 +
= 284, 2 mm
z1 + 2
2+2

Khong cch trc

ng knh ln nht bnh vt

Chiu rng bnh vt b2

b2 0, 75d a1 = 0, 75.96 = 72 mm
7. Vn tc trt xc nh theo cng thc (7.7)
s =

mn1
19500

8.640

z 2 + q2 =
1

2 2 +102 = 2, 677 m / s

19500

- H s ti trng tnh theo bng (7.6): KV = 1,25 ; K = 1 .

- Hiu sut theo cng thc (7.9):
tg
tg11, 31o
= 0, 95.
= 0, 95.
= 0,81
tg( + ' )
tg(11, 31o +1, 9286o )
0, 048

'
'
= arctg 0, 048 = 1, 9286 o
vi = arctgf = arctg
0,36
v
s

2, 677 0,36

8. Tnh ton li ng sut cho php :

[ H ] = (276 300) 25vs = (276 300) 25.2,11 = 225 MPa
9. Xc nh s rng tng ng bnh vt :
z2
32
= 33, 94
cos3 = cos 3 (11, 31o )
- Chn h s YF 2 1, 67 theo bng 7.10
zv 2 =

- Kim nghim bn un ca bnh vt theo cng thc (7.43)

1, 2.T2 .YF .K F 1, 2.604037, 5.1, 67.1, 25
=
= 8, 49 MPa < [ F ]
256.87.8
d 2b2 m
= 57, 6 MPa

F =

10. Tnh ton nhit theo cng thc (7.47):

t = t 1000P1 (1 )
1

= 30 +

K T A(1 + )

1000.3,11.(1 0, 81)
= 59, 471o [t1 ] = 95o
1,7
16.20.0,168 (1+ 0, 3)

Nhit nm trong phm vi cho php .

11. Gi tr ca cc lc :
Ft 2 = Fa1 = 2T2 = 2.604037, 5 = 4719, 043 N
d2
256
'

Ft1 = Fa 2 = Ft 2tg( + ) = 4719, 043.tg (11, 31 +1, 9286 ) = 1350, 4 N

o

Fr1 = Fr 2 = Ft 2tg = 4719, 043.tg 20 = 1717, 6 N

- Kim tra bn un ca trc ( theo bng 7.11 chn [ F ] = 80 Mpa):

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

oF =

32 M 2 + 0, 75T 2
F

d 3f 1

32. 221835,17 2 + 0, 75.46407, 032

.60,83

= 10, 217 MPa < [ F ] = 80 MPa

2

vi M = Ft1l + Fr1l + Fa1d1 = 1350, 4.256 + 1717, 6.256 + 4719, 043.80

F
4 4

4
4
4
4

= 221835,17 Nmm

12. Kim tra cng trc vt theo cng thc (7.50):

f =

F +F

256 . 1717, 6 + 1350, 4

r1
t1
=
48EI e
48.2,1.105.913505, 09
= 0, 00398 mm < [ f ] = (0,1 0, 05) mm
0, 375 + 0, 625d a1 d
0, 625.96
4
4

f 1 0, 375 +
.60,8
d f1
60,8

vi I =
=
e
64
64
= 913505, 09 mm 4

2.3 THIT K TRC

I) TRC VT
1) Chn vt liu trc vt l thp 40Cr c ti vi rn > 40 HRC sau c
mi v nh bng ren vt. Chn s b ng sut cho php [ ] = 70MPa .
2) Lc tc dng ln b truyn trc vt l:
- Ft 2 = Fa1 = 2T2 = 2.604037, 5 = 4719, 043 N
d2
256
'o
o
+1, 9286 ) = 1350, 4 N
Ft1 = Fa 2 = Ft 2tg( + ) = 4719, 043.tg
(11,
31
o
- Fr1 = Fr 2 = Ft 2tg = 4719, 043.tg 20 = 1717, 6 N
3) Khong cch gia hai ln ca trc vt l:
l11 = (0, 9...0,1)d aM 2 = d aM 2 = 284 mm

- Khong cch t tm ln n v tr bnh ai l:

vi:

lm12

l12 = 0, 5.(lm12 + bo ) + k3 + hn = 69, 5mm 70 mm

l chiu di may ca bnh ai chn lm12 = 50 mm.

bo l chiu rng ca ln dc xc nh gn bng 20 mm.

k3 l khong cch t mt mt ca chi tit quay n np chn bng 20 mm
v chiu cao np hn chn bng 15mm.

- Sau khi c kch thc ta tin hnh kim nghim bn trc:

Khong cng xn: lc12 = 0, 5.(lm12 + bo ) + k3 + hn = 0, 5.(50 + 20) + 20 +15 = 70 mm
4) V biu mmen un v mmen xon:
- Trong mt phng ng ZY, phng trnh cn bng mmen:

= M A1 + RBY .284 + Fdai .(284 + 70) FR1.142 = 0

Suy ra: RBY = 684, 05 N

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

vi M = F .
a1

a1

d1

= 4719, 043.

80

= 188761, 72N.mm v F

= 704, 54N , F = 1717, 6 N

dai

r1

BIU LC

Ta c: Ray + Rby = Fr1 Fdai = 1717, 6 704, 54 = 1013, 06 N

Suy ra: Ray = 1013, 06 Rby = 1013, 06 + 684, 05 = 1697,11 N
- Trong mt phng ZX, phng trnh cn bng mmen:

= Rbx .142.2 Ft1 .142 = 0

Ft1
1
= 1350, 4. = 675, 2 N
Vy: R = R =
ax
bx
2
2
- Mmen xon T = M z = T1 = 46407, 03 Nmm
A

5) Kim tra iu kin bn ca trc vt

Cc biu mmen th ti tit din nguy him nht l im C
- Mmen un ti C: M C = (1697,11.142) 2 + (675, 2.142) 2 = 259362, 03 Nmm
- Mmen xon ti C: TC = 0
- Mmen tc ng : M td = M C = 259362, 03 Nmm
- Cng thc xc nh chnh xc ng knh trc ti C

10

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

M td
=
0,1.[ ]

259362, 03 = 33, 34 mm
0,1.70

Chn theo tiu chuNn ta c: d C = 34 mm

- Cng thc xc nh chnh xc ng knh trc ti B (tit din lp ln bn
phi )
M = M
td

Suy ra: d B

+ 0, 75.T

= 49317,82 + 0, 75.46407, 032 = 63619, 61 Nmm

M td
= 20,87 mm
0,1.[ ]

Chn theo tiu chuNn ta c: d A = d B = 25 mm

- Cng thc xc nh chnh xc ng knh trc ti D (tit din lp bnh ai bn
phi)
M = M
td

Suy ra: d D 3

+ 0, 75.T

= 02 + 0, 75.46407, 032 = 40189, 67 Nmm

M td
= 17, 91mm
0,1.[ ]

Chn theo tiu chuNn ta c: d D = 18 mm

6) Chn then:
Kim ngim iu kin bn dp v bn ct i vi then bng:
Vi cc tit dn trc dng mi ghp then cn tin hnh kim nghim mi ghp
v bn dp v bn ct theo cng thc sau:

od =

c =

2T
dl t (h t1 )
2T
dl t b

[ d ]

[ c ]

trong [d] = 100 MPa ng sut dp cho php tra trong bng 9.5 [1] v cho php
ln hn gi tr cho php 5% v [c] = 40 60 MPa l ng sut ct cho php.
Bng kim nghim then:
Then
Chiu di
Chiu di lm
Mmen T
(mm)
then l
vic ca then lt
(Nmm)
(mm)
(mm)
bxh
t1
Trc I 18(D) 6x6 3,5
30
24
46407,03
7) Tnh ton, kim nghim bn trc v bn mi
ng knh
(mm)

b = 1000 Mpa
vi: 1 = (0, 4...0, 5). b = 450MPa ; -1 = 0,22b = 220 MPa
-

H s xt n nh hng tp trung ti trng: K ,K

Tra bng 10.8 [3] ta c: K = 1,6
K = 1,4
11

d
c
(MPa) (MPa)
89,52

35,81

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

H s tng bn b mt:

= 1,7 tra theo bng 10.4 ti lu [3] ng vi trng hp phun bi.

H s xt n nh hng ca ng sut trung bnh :

= 0,05 v = 0.
Bng s liu:
Thng
s

ng
knh(mm)

Trc vt

25(B)
34(C)
18(D)

trong : W = 0,1d 3 ;
W=

Then
bxh

t1

6x6

3,5

Mmen
chng
un W
1562,5
3930,4
449,91

Mmen
cn xon
W0
3125
7860,8
1022,46

W0 = 0, 2d 3 khi trc c.

d 3 bt(d t) 2

32

2d

; Wo =

d 3 bt(d t) 2 khi trc c mt then.

16

2d

Bng kim nghim h s an ton s :

(trong , [s] h s an ton cho php nm trong khong 1,5 2,5 ; khi [s] = 2,5 3
ta khng cn kim nghim trc theo cng).
ng knh
d(mm)
25(B)
Trc
34(C)
vt
18(D)

0,83
0,77
0,83

0,89
0,81
0,89

31,56
65,89
0

7,43
0
22,69

12,57
5,59
-

31,99
8,67

11,7
-

, l h s kch thc tra trong bng 10.3 [3]

a , a l bin ca ng sut tnh theo:
M
o a = max =
W
max
T
=
a =
2

2W0

s , s l h s an ton xt ring cho ng sut un v ng sut xon:

o 1

s = K a

+
o

1
s =
K . a
+ .
o m
.

12

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

Khi h s an ton kim nghim cho trc l:

s s

s=

s + s

38

45

50

50

45

Kt qu kim ngim h s an ton cho thy cc on trc u tho mn h s an

ton kim nghim trc theo bn mi. Ngoi ra trc cn m bo v cng.
Hnh dng trc nh sau:

II) TRC BNH VT

1) Xc nh s b trc bnh vt:
- Ta c: Chn [ ] = 25MPa , theo gi thuyt tnh ton c th T = 604037,5
Nmm
Suy ra: d 3

T2

=
0, 2.[ ]

604037, 5

= 49, 43 mm

0, 2.25

Theo tiu chuNn ta chn d = 50 mm bo = 27 mm (chiu rng ln) [3].

- Khong cch gia cc trn trc bnh vt:
- Chiu di may ca bnh vt l lm22 = (1, 2...1,8)d = 80 mm
- Khong cch t mt mt trong bnh vt n thnh trong ca hp bng khong
cch t mt mt n thnh trong ca hp bng k1 = k 2 = 8 mm
- Khong cch gia hai ln trc bnh vt:
l21 = 2.l22 = 2.(0, 5.(lm 22 + bo ) + k1 + k2 ) = 146 mm

- Chiu di may ca na khp ni:

lm23 = (1, 4...2, 5)d = 70 mm

Chn k3 = h = 15 mm lc 23 = lm 23 + k3 + h = 70 +15 +15 = 100 mm l khong cngxn t khp ni n .

2) Lc tc dng ln trc bnh vt:
- Trong mt phng YZ, phng trnh cn bng mmen:

= RBy .73.2 + M a 2 Fr 2 .73 = 0

Suy ra: RBy = Fr 2 .73 M a 2 = 1717, 6.73 172851, 2 = 325,11 N

73.2
73.2

vi: M a 2 = Fa 2 .d 2 / 2 = 1350, 4.256 / 2 = 172851, 2 Nmm

Ta c: R A Y + R BY = Fr 2
13

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

Suy ra: RAy = Fr 2 RBY = 1717, 6 + 325,11 = 2042, 71 N

- Trong mt phng XZ, phng trnh cn bng mmen:

= RBx .73.2 Ft 2 .73 Fkn .100 = 0

Suy ra: RBx = Ft 2 .73 + Fkn .100 = 4719, 043.73 + 1510,1.100 = 3393,84 N
73.2
73.2
Ta c: RAx RBx = Fkn Ft 2
2.T
M F = (0, 2...0, 3).F = (0, 2...0, 3).
kn
t
Do
vi Do l ng knh vng trn qua tm cc cht khi dng ni trc n hi. Chn
Do = 160 mm v T gii hn l 1000 Nm th
2.604037, 5
= 1510,1N
Vy Fkn = 0, 2.
160
Suy ra: RAx = RBx + Fkn Ft 2 = 3393,84 +1510,1 4719, 043 = 184, 9N

*Ta c biu ni lc nh sau

3) Ta thy tit din nguy him l ti v tr bnh vt:

- Ti C: M = M 2 + M 2 = 149117,832 + 247750, 322 = 289164, 92 Nmm
C

Cx

Cx

14

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

M = M 2 + 0, 75.T 2 = 597714, 25 Nmm

Ctd

- Ti A: M = M
A

C
2

+ M 2 = 02 +1510102 = 151010Nmm

Ax

Bx

M = M + 0, 75.T 2 = 1510102 + 0, 75.604037, 5 = 544472, 2 Nmm

2

Atd

- Ti D: M Dtd = 0, 75T = 523111,82N.mm

- Ti v tr bnh vt ta c:
2

dC

M Ctd
= 44, 04 mm . Theo tiu chuNn chn d C = 52 mm
0,1.[ ]

- Ti v tr lp ln ta c:
dA

M Atd
= 42, 69 mm . Theo tiu chuNn chn d A = d B = 50 mm
0,1.[ ]

- Ti v tr lp khp ni ta c:
dD

M kntd
= 42,12 mm . Theo tiu chuNn chn d D = 45 mm
0,1.[ ]

- Kim ngim iu kin bn dp v bn ct i vi then bng:

Vi cc tit dn trc dng mi ghp then cn tin hnh kim nghim mi ghp
v bn dp v bn ct theo cng thc sau:

od =

c =

2T
dl t (h t1 )
2T
dl t b

[ d ]

[ c ]

trong [d] = 100 MPa ng sut dp cho php tra trong bng 9.5 [1] v cho php
ln hn gi tr cho php 5% v [c] = 40 60 MPa l ng sut ct cho php.
Bng kim nghim then:
Chiu di lm Mmen
d
c
T
vic ca then lt
bxh
t1
(MPa)
(MPa)
(mm)
(Nmm)
Trc
52(C) 16x10 6
80
64
604037,5 90,75 22,69
bnh vt 45(D) 16x10 6
90
74
604037,5 90,7
22,67
5) Tnh ton, kim nghim bn trc v bn mi
ng knh
(mm)

Then (mm)

Chiu di
then l (mm)

Vt liu trc: thp C45, ti ci thin.

b = 850 MPa
vi: -1 = 0,4b = 340 MPa; -1 = 0,223b = 189,66 MPa
-

H s xt n nh hng tp trung ti trng: K ,K

Tra bng 10.8 [3] ta c : K = 2,05
K = 1,9
15

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

H s tng bn b mt:

= 1,7 tra theo bng 10.4 ti lu [3] ng vi trng hp phun bi.

H s xt n nh hng ca ng sut trung bnh:

= 0,05 v = 0.
Bng s liu:
ng
knh(mm)
52(C)

Thng s
Trc bnh vt

trong : W = 0,1d 3 ;
W=

Then
bxh
16x10

t1
6

Mmen
chng un W
11850,93

Mmen cn
xon W0
25655,09

W0 = 0, 2d 3 khi trc c.

d 3 bt(d t) 2

32

2d

; Wo =

d 3 bt(d t) 2 khi trc c mt then.

16

2d

Bng kim nghim h s an ton s:

(trong , [s] h s an ton cho php nm trong khong 1,5 2,5 ; khi [s] = 2,5 3
ta khng cn kim nghim trc theo cng).

0,81

ng knh d(mm)
Trc bnh vt 52(C)

0,76

a
24,4

a
11,77

s
9,36

s
10,96

, l h s kch thc tra trong bng 10.3 [3]

a , a l bin ca ng sut tnh theo:
M
o a = max =
W
max
T
=
a =
2

2W0

s , s l h s an ton xt ring cho ng sut un v ng sut xon:

o 1

s = K a

+
o

1
s =
K . a
+ .
o m
.

Khi h s an ton kim nghim cho trc l:

s=

s s
2

s + s

16

s
7,12

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

48

50

50

55

Kt qu kim ngim h s an ton cho thy cc on trc u tho mn h s an

ton kim nghim trc theo bn mi. Ngoi ra trc cn m bo v cng.
Hnh dng trc bnh vt nh sau

2.4 TNH TN CHN

I) LA CHN LN TRC VT
- Do trc vt chu lc dc trc v yu c thit k v iu kin bn th ta chn trc
vt nh sau:
- Bn tri chn hai a cn, bn phi chn bi .i vi hai a cn th ta lp
chng i xng nhau to thnh hnh ging nh O
1) Tnh cho bn phi vi ng knh d = 25 mm.
- Ti trng hng tm tc dng ln :
F = R 2 + R 2 = 675, 2 2 + 684, 052 = 961,16 N
r

Bx

By

- Do khng c lc dc trc nn h s X = 1; Y = 0
- Cc h s K , K va V chn bng 1.
-

Ti trng qui c: Qr = ( X .V .Fr + Y.Fa ).K .K = 961,16 N

S vng quay trc vt: n = 640 v/ph
Thi gian lm vic ca : Lh = 10000h
Thi gian lm vic tnh bng triu vng quay:
60.n.Lh 60.640.10000
L=
=
= 384 triu vng quay
106
106

- Kh nng ti ng tnh ton: Ctt = Q10 L3 = 961,16.10 3843 = 5729, 21 N

- Tra bng ta c c nh sau:
K hiu
d(mm)
D(mm)
B(mm)
r(mm)
C(KN)
700105
25
47
8
0,5
2) Tnh cho hai a cn bn tri vi d = 25 mm
- Lc hng tm tc dng ln 2 :
F = R 2 + R 2 = 1697,112 + 675, 22 = 1826, 5 N
rA

Suy ra: F

1
rA

Ax

=F

6,57

Co (KN )
4,24

Ay

1826, 5

= 913, 25 N

rA

2
- Ti trng dc trc do trc vt gy ra: Fa = 4719, 043N
- Chn gc cn = 14o . Theo bng 11.3, h s ti trng dc trc:
e = 1, 5tg = 1, 5tg14o = 0, 374
- Thnh phn lc dc trc sinh ra do lc hng tm gy nn:
S1 = S 2 = 0,83.e.FrA1 = 0,83.0, 374.913, 25 = 283, 49 N

Do S1 = S2 v Fa > 0 , do ti trng dc trc tnh ton i vi bn tri:

17

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

Fa1 = S1 = 283, 49 N

i vi phi:
Fa 2 = S1 + Fa = 283, 49 + 4719, 043 = 5002, 533 N

Ta chn theo bn phi v ti trng tc dng ln hn.

- V t s:

Fa 2

5002, 533

FrB

= 5, 47 > e = 0, 374

913, 25

Do theo bng 11.3 tra c: X = 0, 4 v Y = 0, 4.cotg14o = 1, 6

- Chn K = 1 do ti trng tnh, K = 1 v V = 1 do vng trong quay.

- Ti trng ng quy c:
Qr = ( X .V .Fr + Y.Fa ).K .K = (0, 4.913, 25 +1, 6.5002, 533).1.1
= 8369, 35 N

- Tui th tnh bng triu vng quay:

60L n

L=

10

h
6

= 192 triu vng quay

- Kh nng ti ng tnh ton:

Ctt = Q10 L3 = 8369, 35.10 1923 = 40521,18 N

- Theo ph lc (9.4) ta chn c trung rng vi k hiu 7605, = 14 o , vi cc s

liu sau:
K hiu
d
D
T
B
c
r
C (N)
r1
C o (N )
7605
25
62
25,25
24
21
2
0,8
47500
36600
- Ta tnh li tui th ca
L=

Qr

3
10

1/ m

47500

= 326, 09 triu vng quay

8369, 35

- Tui th tnh bng gi:

L =
h

106 L 106.326, 09
=
= 8491, 93 gi
60n
60.640

II) LA CHN CHO TRC BNH VT

- Ta chn a cn vi ng knh trong d = 50 mm
- Lc hng tm tc dng ln A:

F = R 2 + R 2 = 184, 9 2 + 2042, 712 = 2051, 06 N

rA

Ax

Ay

- Lc hng tm tc dng ln B:

F = R 2 + R 2 = 3393,84 2 + 325,112 = 3409, 38 N

rB

Bx

By

- Ti trng dc trc do bnh vt gy ra: Fa = 1350, 4 N

- Chn gc cn = 14o . Theo bng 11.3, h s ti trng dc trc:
e = 1, 5tg = 1, 5tg14o = 0, 374
- Thnh phn lc dc trc sinh ra do lc hng tm gy nn:
S1 = 0,83.e.FrA = 0,83.0, 374.2051, 06 = 636, 69 N
S 2 = 0,83.e.FrB = 0,83.0, 374.3409, 38 = 1058, 34 N
18

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

Do S1 < S2 v Fa = 1350, 4 N > S 2 S1 = 1058, 34 636, 69 = 421, 65 N , do ti

trng dc trc tnh ton i vi bn tri:
Fa1 = S1 = 636, 69 N

i vi phi:
Fa 2 = S1 + Fa = 636, 69 +1350, 4 = 1987, 09 N

Ta chn theo bn phi v ti trng tc dng ln hn.

- V t s:

Fa 2

FrB

1987, 09

= 0, 583 > e = 0, 374

3409, 38

Do theo bng 11.3 tra c: X = 0, 4 v Y = 0, 4cotg14o = 1, 6

- Chn K = 1 do ti trng tnh, K = 1 v V = 1 do vng trong quay.

- Ti trng ng quy c:
Qr = ( X .V .Fr + Y .Fa ).K .K = (0, 4.3409, 38 +1, 6.1987, 09).1.1 = 4543,1 N

- Tui th tnh bng triu vng quay:

L=

60L n
h

106

= 24 triu vng quay

- Kh nng ti ng tnh ton:

Ctt = Q10 L3 = 4543,1.10 243 = 11787, 34 N

- Theo ph lc (9.4) ta chn c nh vi k hiu 7210, = 14 o , vi cc s liu

sau:
K hiu
d
D
T
B
c
r
C(N)
r1
Co (N )
7210
50
90
21,75
21
17
2
0,8
56000
40000
- Ta tnh li tui th ca :
1/ m

C
L=

Qr

10

56000 3 = 4326, 32 triu vng quay

=

4543,1

- Tui th tnh bng gi:

106 L 106.4326, 32
L =
=
= 1802633, 33 gi
h
60n
60.40

2.6 LA CHN NI TRC:

Vi T = 604037,5 Nmm ta chn ni trc c cc thng s chnh sau D0 = 140 mm; l1 = 25
mm; l2 = 45 mm; l0 = 36 mm; z = 8; lc = 42 mm v dc = 18 mm

iu kin bn dp ca vng n hi:

d =

2.1, 25.604037,5
2kT
=
= 2, 081MPa < (2..3) MPa
zD0 d c l0
8.140.18.36

Vy iu kin bn dp ca vng n hi c tha.

iu kin bn ca cht:
l kT

25.604037, 5
F
F = 0,1dc 3 D z = 42.1,
0,1.183.140.8 = 48, 55 MPa < [ ] = (60..80) MPa
c

19

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

Vy iu kin bn ca cht c tha.

2.6 THIT K V HP:

Tn gi
Chiu dy: -Thn hp
- Np hp 1
Gn tng cng :
- Chiu dy e
- Chiu cao h
- dc
ng knh bulng nn
ng knh bulng cnh
ng knh bulng bt np v thn
Vt ghp np
Vt ghp np ca thm

Kch thc
=8mm
1 =8mm

Chiu dy bch thn hp

Chiu dy bch np hp
B rng bch np v thn
ng knh ngoi tm l trc vt
B rng mt ghp bulng cnh
Tm bulng cnh

18mm
18mm
42mm
125mm
46mm
E2 =22,5mm v R2 = 18, 5mm
C=60mm
h=18mm
1 = 25mm
2 = 18mm
k1 = 54mm v q = 72mm

Chiu cao gi trc h

Mt hp
Chiu dy khi khng c phn gi
B rng mt hp k1 v q

e=8mm
h<58mm
khong 2
M16
M14
M12
M8
M8

Khe h gia bnh vt vi thnh trong = 10mm

ca hp
S lng bulng nn z
Z=4

2.7 CC CHI TIT PH:

1) Cht nh v

20

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

2) Ca thm
kim tra xem xt cc chi tit trong hp gim tc khi lp ghp cng nh khi
du vo, trn nh ca hp gim tc ta lm ca thm. Ca ny c y bng
np. Trn np c nt thng hi.Kch thc c chn nh sau:

B1/2

K/2

B/2

R
12

A
100

A1
150

B
75

B1
100

C
125

K
87

Vt
S lng
M8x10
4

3) Nt thng hi:
Khi lm vic th nhit trong hp tng ln, gim p sut v iu ha khng
kh bn trong v ngoi hp, ngi ta dng nt thng hi c lp trn ca thm
vi cc thng s nh sau:
A
B
M27x2 15

C
30

D
15

E
45

G H
36 32

I
6

K
4

21

L M
10 8

N
22

O
6

P Q
32 18

R
36

S
32

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

4) Que thm du
Do vn tc ca trc vt v=9,924m/s cho nn ta ngm trc vt trong du.Chiu cao
mc du trong hp gim tc s c im tra qua que thm du.Kch thc v hnh
dng ca c th hin nh sau:

5) Nt tho du:
tho du c , y hp gim tc ta thit k s c l tho du. Lc lm vic l
c bt knh bng nt tho du bi v sau thi gian lm vic du bi trn trong hp
b bNn hoc b bin cht do cn phi thay du mi.Ta chn nt tho du tr vi
hnh dng v kch thc nh sau:
d

c
22

Do

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

28

2,5

d
b

17,8

30

22

25,4

Do

M20x2 15

6) Banh ta#c dau

120

15

III. DUNG SAI LP GHP:

Da vo kt cu v yu cu lm vic , ch ti ca cc chi tit trong hp gim
tc m ta chn cc kiu lp ghp sau:
1) Dung sai v #lp ghp bnh vt:
Chu ti va, khng i, va p nh ta chn kiu lp trung H7/k6
2) Dung sai v lp ghp ln:
Khi lp ghp ln ta lu :
- Lp vng trong ln trc theo h thng l,lp vng ngoi vo v theo h thng
trc.
- cc vng khng trn trt theo b mt trc hoc l hp khi lm vic, cn
chn kiu lp trung gian c di cho cc vng quay.
- i vi cc vng khng quay ta s dung kiu lp c h.
Chnh v vy m khi lp ln ln trc ta chn mi ghp k6, cn khi lp ln vo
v th ta chn H7.
3) Dung sai khi lp vng chn du, lt :
Chn kiu lp trung gian H7/js6 thun tin cho qu trnh tho lp.
4) Dung sai lp then trn trc:
23

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

Theo chiu rng chn kiu lp trn trc l H9 v kiu lp trn bc l D10
Bng dung sai lp ghp bnh vt:
Sai lch gii hn ca
Mi lp
l (m)
ES
EI
+46
0
201H7/p6
+30
0
55H7/k6

Sai lch gii hn ca

trc (m)
es
ei
+79
+50
+21
+2

N max (m)

Smax (m)

79
21

4
28

Bng dung sai lp ghp ln:

Mi lp
45k6
50k6
75H7
85H7
90H7

Sai lch gii hn ca Sai lch gii hn ca

l (m)
trc (m)
ES
EI
es
ei
0
+18
+2
0
+18
+2
+30
0
0
+35
0
0
+35
0
0
-

N max (m)

Smax (m)

18
18
0
0
0

Bng dung sai lp ghp then:

Kch thc
tit din then
Bxh
10 x 8
16 x10

Sai lch gii hn chiu rng

rnh then
Trn trc
Trn bc
H9
D10
+0,098
+0,036
+0,040
+0,12
+0,043
+0,05

Chiu su rnh then

Sai lch gii
Sai lch gii
hn trn trc t1 hn trn bc t2
+0,2

+0,2

+0,2

+0,2

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Nguyn Hu Lc, C s thit k my, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2004.
[2] Nguyn Hu Lc, Bi tp chi tit my, NXB HQG TPHCM, 2005.
[3] Trnh Cht L Vn Uyn, Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh, tp 1 2,

NXB

Gio Dc, 2003.

[4] Nguyn Hu Lc, Thit k c kh vi AutoCAD Mechanical, NXB TPHCM, 2004.
[6] Trn Hu Qu, V k thut c kh, tp 1 -2, NXB Gio Dc, 2003.
[7] Ninh c Tn, Nguyn Trng Hng, Nguyn Th CNm T, Bi tp k thut o, NXB
Gio dc, 2006.
24

Trnh t tnh ton thit k b truyn trc vt

25