Thiet Thiet Ke May Xoan Day Cap Dien 12-18-1IFydSYb1F 20130113104755 4

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007
LI NOI U
Trc ht em xin bay to long bit n su sc nht
ti cac Thy C giao trng ai hoc bach khoa a Nng
a ch day em tn tnh trong hn 4 nm hoc qua.
Em cung xin chn thanh cam n cac Thy C trong khoa
C Kh nganh Ch Tao May trng ai hoc Ky thut a
Nng, cac Thy C trng ai hoc S Pham a Nng
a nhc nh, giup , tao moi iu kin thun li cho
em trong sut qua trnh hoc tp va lam tai tt
nghip.
c bit em xin chn thanh cam n Thy giao, TS.
Pham ng Phc trng ai Hoc Bach Khoa a Nng,
a nhit tnh ch day, hng dn, giup em trong sut
thi gian lam tai tt nghip.
Em cung xin chn thanh cam n Thy c giao b mn
a bo thi gian quy bau cua mnh oc, nhn xet,
duyt an cua em.
Em xin chn thanh cam n cac ky s, can b ky
thut, cng nhn Cng Ty C Phn C in Min Trung a
ch dn, cung cp tai liu cho em trong qua trnh lam tt
an tt nghip.
Em cung xin bay to long bit n cua mnh n
moi ngi trong gia nh, cac Anh Ch va cac ban a
ng vin, giup , tao moi iu kin thun li cho em
trong sut qua trnh hoc tp.
Cui cung em xin bay to long bit n ti cac Giao s,
Tin s, Pho tin s la chu tch Hi ng bao v va uy
vin Hi ng a bo thi gian quy bau cua mnh oc,
nhn xet va tham gia Hi ng chm an nay.
a Nng ngay ... thang ...
nm 2007
Sinh vin thc hin

Ng Thanh Phng
Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A
Chng 1:
1.
GII THIU V QUA TRNH PHAT TRIN

CUA NGANH IN VA NHU CU S
DUNG DY CAP IN.
Qua trnh phat trin cua nganh in :
Trong qua trnh phat trin kinh t cua mi t nc,

nng lng ong mt vai tro rt quan trong va la nganh
c coi la phai i trc mt bc phat trin cac
nganh khac. in nng noi ring a gop phn rt ln vao
s phat trin kinh t, vn hoa, vn minh cua nhn loai.
Nng lng in rt ph bin trn tng mi quc
gia, tng tnh, huyn cho n tng mi h gia nh trn
khp th gii. T dung cu sinh hoat gia nh n gian
nh thp sang, quat in, ban la... cho n may moc
hin ai u a s dung nng lng in nng. V vy
co th noi in nng la ngun nng lng rt quan
trong va rt ph bin.
Vit Nam chung ta do iu kin lch s trong khu
vc, nn nn kinh t phong kin tn tai lu dai va thm
nan ngoai xm. Nn kinh t ngheo nan lac hu i sau
cac nc phat trin trn th gii rt nhiu lnh vc,
c bit la nganh cng nghip. Nhng nm cui th ky
XIX va n u th ky XX nc ta con la mt nc nng
nghip lac hu, cng nghip mang tnh nho le, thu cng.
V in nng ca nc ch xy dng c hai nha may
nhit in : Nha may th nht xy nm 1892 va n nm
1894 xy thm mt nha may na Ha Ni. Cac nha may
in nay cng sut khng ang k, ch s dung vao cac
nganh cng nghip khai thac va ch bin cac ngun tai
nguyn phuc vu cho thc dn Phap. Va cho n nhng
nm gia th ky XX nc ta ang trong tnh trang chin
tranh lin min, iu kin phat trin kinh t rt han
ch, ch xy thm mt s nha may nhit in min
Bc co cng sut khng ang k, ch phuc vu cho cac
nganh cng nghip phuc vu chin tranh.
Sau khi hoa bnh lp lai, t nc ta tp trung vao
phat trin kinh t, khc phuc hu qua chin tranh va
phat trin mt s nganh cng nghip nng. V vy nhu
cu in nng ngay mt tng. Va du moc quan trong
trong nganh in lc la a xy dng thanh cng va em

vao hoat ng nha may thuy in hoa bnh vao ngay 30 12 thang 11 nm 1988.
Ngay nay do tnh hnh an ninh tt va c ch i mi
cua ang, nha nc a thu hut c rt nhiu vn u
t t cac doanh nghip nc ngoai. Nhiu cng ty, x
nghip c xy dng nhu cu v in nng lai tng.
Mt khac nhm phat trin kinh t, vn hoa vung nng
thn, vung su, vung xa, ang ta xac nh bn nhn t
phat trin kinh t, vn hoa vung su vung xa la : in ng - Trng - Tram . V vy in nng la nhu cu rt
quan trong. Tnh hnh san xut in nc ta mt s
thi ky nh sau : Nm 1985 la 5,2 ty Kwh, nm 1990 la 8,7 ty
Kwh, nm 1993 la 10,9 ty Kwh, nm 1995 gn 14,7 ty Kwh, va
nm 1999 khoang 23,6 Kwh . Mt s nha may phat in ln
: Nha may nhit in Ung B cng sut 150000 Kw, nha
may thuy in Thac Ba cng sut 110000 Kw, thuy in
Hoa Bnh cng sut 1,9 triu Kw, nha may thuy in Sn La
cng sut 3,6 triu Kw, thuy in sang a Nhim 160000 Kw,
thuy in Yaly cng sut 700000 Kw, thuy in Tr An
400000 Kw, thuy in Thac M cng sut 150000 Kw . . .
C cu in nng gm nhit in va thuy in, co xu
hng tng dn ty trong thuy in. Mang li tai in
ngay cang hoan thin quan trong nht la ng dy tai
in Bc- Nam 500KV vao nm 1994. Va mi y la ng
dy 500KV ni min Bc vi a Nng.
Ngay nay do nhu cu in tng nhanh, va do kh hu
nc ta co s phn mua. Mua ng va xun ma nhiu,
nhng mua ha va mua thu t ma nn vao hai mua nay
cac h thuy in khng u lng nc chay may v
th t trc n nay nc ta vn ang trong tnh trang
thiu in nng vao mua ha va mua thu. Va giai
quyt vn o nghanh in lc a hp ng mua
ban in vi nc lang ging Trung Quc vao nm 2005.
Nc ta ang tin hanh qua trnh cng nghip hoa hin
ai hoa, va phn u vao nm 2020 c ban tr thanh
mt nc cng nghip phat trin. Mun thc hin thng
li s nghip chung o yu cu moi nganh, ngh phai
tp trung vao phat trin nganh nganh ngh cua mnh va
hp tac giup ln nhau gia cac nganh ngh s
phat trin mang tnh bn vng. Nghanh in lc noi
ring la nganh kinh t trong im cua quc gia nhim vu

cang nng n hn, phai co bin phap ap ng u va
n nh ngun in cho t nc trong tnh hnh mi.
2. Nhu cu s dung :
Trc y dy tai in a s chung ta phai nhp khu
nc ngoai. Cho n hin nay nhu cu v dy truyn
tai in trong nc vn cha ap ng u, theo s liu
nganh in lc san xut trong nc ch ap ng c
3/4 nhu cu. Vi chu trng cua ang la ch nao co dn
sinh sng la ch o phai co ngun in, mt khac dn ta
lai sinh sng rai rac khp moi min cua t nc, v
th ngun in v c vi moi ngi dn th nhu
cu v mt lng dy dn in la rt ln. Hin nay
qua t thc tp tt nghip Cng Ty C Phn C
in Min Trung em thy may xon dy cap in hoat
ng rt thng xuyn, va nhu cu t hang ngay cang
nhiu nn em xin c chon lam tai tt nghip .
Noi chung nhu cu dy cap in phuc vu chu yu cho
nganh in lc, s dung truyn tai mang in cao ap,
trung ap, ha ap, va trong mt s nganh cng nghip
nng. Hay cac cng ty s dung in nng nhiu phai s
dung dy truyn tai ln song nhu cu vn rt ln v
nc ta ang trong giai oan xy dng c s ha tng,
cng nghip hoa, hin ai hoa. Mt khac cac nganh
truyn thng v tuyn,vin thng . . .cung cn mt lng
dy truyn tai ang k . V vy nhn nh trong thi gian
gn y va co th 20-30 nm na nhu cu dy cap in
cua chung ta con rt ln va co th con phai nhp khu .
3. Phn tch san phm :

Cu hoi t ra cho san phm dy cap in la tai sao
chung ta khng dung dy dn mt loi ln ma cn phai
bn tng dy nho lai vi nhau ?
- Dung dy mt loi ln, nu dy bng thep th rt
cng kha nng dn in cua thep kem va nu dung
ngoai tri rt chong g, vn chuyn va lp t rt kho
khn nn khng th chon phng an nay .
- Nu dung dy mt loi ln bng hp kim ng th
lai rt tn kem, nhng
bn cung khng am bao, vn chuyn kho khn.
- Nu dung dy mt loi ln bng nhm cung khng
bn, nhm deo d keo t, va cung vn chuyn kho
khn.

- Mt nhc im cua dy dn mt loi na la kha
nng dn in kem, kim loai dn in thng nh din
tch lp ngoai cua dy, v th lam tng si nho bn lai
vi nhau lam tng din tch lp ngoai kim loai, lam tng
kha nng dn in .
- Dung phng phap bn t cac si dy nho co nhng
u im c ban sau :
+ Chung ta dung mt loi gia bng thep sau o bn
nhng dy nho bng nhm xung quanh va am bao
bn do dy thep am bao, va am bao kha nng truyn
tai in va kha nng chng xy hoa do dy nhm am
nhn. Nh vy ta a kt hp c u im cua hai
hp kim loai la thep va nhm .
+ Chung ta san xut tng dy nhm, thep nho bng
phng phap keo ngui nn bn tng si dy nho
tng, dn n bn cua dy cap bn tng .
+ Dy cap bn va bn va deo d cun tron nn
qua trnh vn chuyn rt thun li va qua trnh lp t
d dang hn.
+ Nhng nhc im la phai co may bn va may keo
si, tn kem hn .
Nh phn tch san phm trn nn chon dy cap in
truyn tai in nng
va nh vy tt phai co may bn dy ap ng nhu
cu cua nganh in lc va mt s nganh khac . . .
Hnh ve 1.1: Mt s
san phm dy cap in dung trong nganh in lc :
Hnh ve 1.2: Dy cap in thanh phm.

Mt s loai dy cap in dung trong nganh in lc
Tit din
S si /
in tr
danh nh
ng knh si
dy dn
(mm )
(N/mm)
(/Km)
ng
Trng
knh
lng
tng
gn ng
(mm)
(Kg/km)
Cng
ti a
(Amp)
A16
7/1,7
1,8007
5,10
43,0
105
A25
7/2,13
1,1498
6,39
68,0
135
A35
7/2,52
0,8347
7,50
94,0
170
A40
7/2,7
0,7157
8,10
109,4
194
A50
7/3,0
0,5784
9,00
135,0
215
A63
7/3,39
0,4544
10,17
172,3
248
A70
7/3,55
0,4131
10,65
189,0
265
A95
7/4,1
0,3114
12,30
252,0
320
A100
19/2,59
0,2877
12,95
274,9
330
A120
19/2,8
0,2459
14,00
321,0
375

A125
19/2,89
0,2301
14,45
343,6
385
A150
19/3,15
0,1944
15,80
406,0
440
A185
19/3,50
0,1574
17,50
502,0
500
A240
19/4,00
0,1205
20,00
655,0
590
A300
37/3,15
0,1000
22,10
794,0
680
Chng 2 :
PHN TCH CHON PHNG AN THIT K

MAY.
1. Phn tch cac loai san phm :
- Dy cap in co nhiu loai dung nhiu lnh vc
khac nhau, y chung ta ch quan tm n san phm dy
cap in dung truyn tai mang in cao ao, trung ap
va ha ap. Co tit din din ngang cua dy khoang t
10(mm) n 50(mm).
- S si dy cap nho mi lp ti thiu la sau dy
tr ln v vy may thit k
phai co kt cu phu hp .
- Dy cap in co th c bn mt lp hoc nhiu
lp khac nhau tuy theo nhu cu s dung .
- Dy cap co th co nhiu bc bn khac nhau, va co
th thay i hng bn
mi lp co th trit tiu c m men xon. Tao
c bc bn kht, chc va am bao c bn
va am bao thm my .
2. Phn tch chon phng an thit k may :
May c thit k ra phai thoa man cac yu cu ky
thut ma trc ht la nng sut, tin cy va tui
tho, gia thanh va khi lng may. Ngoai ra, tuy tng
trng hp cu th, con co th co cac yu cu nh :

khun kh kch thc nho gon, chuyn ng n nh,
lam vic khng n, thao tac s dung d dang, hnh thc
ep..
2.1) Ni dung cua thit k may :
Thit k may nhm thoa man cac yu cu trn la mt
cng vic phc tap, ma ni dung chu yu bao gm cac
vn sau :
- Xac nh nguyn tc hoat ng va ch lam vic
cua may c thit k .
- Lp s chung toan may va cac b phn may, thoa
man cac yu cu cho trc
- Xac nh lc, momen tac dung ln cac b phn may
va c tnh thay i cua tai trong theo thi gian.
- Chon loai vt liu ch tao cac chi tit may.
- Tin hanh tnh toan v ng hoc, ng lc hoc,
v kha nng lam vic, tnh toan kinh t ..v. v.., nh
dang, kch thc tt ca cac b phn va chi tit may.
- Quy trnh cng ngh ch tao cac chi tit va lp rap
cac b phn may .
- Lp thuyt minh va cac ch dn v s dung may.
Trong qua trnh thit k, vic la chon kt cu phai
da trn c s am bao tnh hp ly v cac mt ky
thut, kinh t . Thng thng mun at c mt kt
cu hp l, cn phai nghin cu, phn tch mt s
phng an, anh gia va so sanh tm ra phng an tt
nht, ap ng y u nht cac yu cu a c dt ra
.
2.2) Yu cu chung cua cng vic thit k may :
- Cac ch tiu v hiu qua s dung. May mi thit k
phai co nng sut cao, hiu sut cao, tn t nng lng,
chnh xac cao, chi ph thp v lao ng vn hanh
may ...., ng thi kch thc, trong lng cn c gng
tht nho gon.
at c yu cu nay, cn hoan thin s kt
cu may, chon hp ly cac thng s ( tc , ap sut,
nhit vv...) va cac quan h v kt cu, s dung cac
h thng t ng iu khin may ...
- Kha nng lam vic: o la kha nng cua may co th
hoan thanh cac chc nng a nh, ma vn gi c
bn, khng thay i kch thc va hnh dang, gi c
s n nh, co tnh bn mon, chu c nhit va chn
ng.

am bao may u kha nng lam vic, cn xac nh
hp l hnh dang va kch thc chi tit may, chon vt
liu thch hp ch tao chung va s dung cac bin
phap tng bn va chng g .
- tin cy cao. tin cy la tnh cht cua may, b
phn may hoc chi tit may thc hin chc nng a
nh, ng thi vn gi c cac ch tiu v s dung (
nng sut, cng sut, mc tiu thu nng lng,
chnh xac vv...) trong sut thi gian lam vic o hoc trong
sut qua trnh thc hin khi lng cng vic a quy
nh.
- An toan trong s dung. Mt s kt cu lam vic an
toan co ngha trong iu kin s dung bnh thng kt
cu o khng gy ra tai nan nguy him cho ngi s
dung, cung nh khng gy h hai cho cac thit b, nha
ca va cac i tng khac xung quanh.
- Tnh cng ngh va tnh kinh t . y la mt trong
nhng yu cu c ban i vi may va chi tit may.
thoa man yu cu v tnh cng ngh va tnh kinh t, chi
tit may c thit k phai co hnh dang, kt cu va
vt liu ch tao chung thch hp vi iu kin san
sut cu th, am bao kch thc nho nht tn t vt
liu. Chi tit may c ch tao t cng sc nht va chi
ph ch tao thp nht va kt qua cui cung la gia
thanh thap nht.
- Nhng yu cu v cng ngh thao lp :
+ Lp, thao va iu chnh tin li .
+ Giam khi lng cac nguyn cng lp bng tay
+ Giam thi gian lp.
- Hnh dang cu tao cua cac chi tit phu hp vi
phng phap ch tao phi gia cng c s va san lng cho
trc .
- Dung rng rai cac chi tit, b phn may a tiu
chun hoa. Bi v cang dung nhiu chi tit, b phn tiu
chun th gia thanh san phm cang giam, tit kim
nguyn vt liu va am bao thay th nhanh chong cac chi
tit va b phn may khi b hong .
- am bao bi trn thng xuyn cac ch n khp, cac
mt tip xuc .
-bao am khe h gia cac chi tit may .
2.3 )Chon phng an bn :

Dy cap in co th bn mt lp hay nhiu lp tuy
theo yu cu s dung, v du khi truyn tai mang in 110
- 500 KV ta phai dunh dy cap co tit din ln phai bn
nhiu lp, nhng vi mang in trung th khoang 500V
th dung nhng loai cap co tit din trung bnh va chi qua
3 - 4 lp bn, con vi mang in ha th t 110V - 220V
co th ch qua mt ln bn...
- Nu bn mt lp th ta co th chon thit k may
theo phng an b phn cha dy cap phi ng yn, tuy
no co chim nhiu din tch nn xng hn song u
im la cng sut ng c va cac chi tit may nho, gon
tit kim c nng lng va vt liu hn.
Co th thit k theo m hnh may nh hnh ve 2.1 .
Vi m hnh thit k nh trn tuy chung ta cung co th
bn c cap nhiu lp song phai qua nhiu ln bn,
nng sut khng cao. Nu kt hp bn nhiu lp cung
mt luc th may co kch thc ln, cng knh chim
nhiu din tch nn xng.
V th khi thit k may bn cap nhiu lp ta nn
chon phng an thit k khac.
- Thit k may co th bn c nhiu lp cap trong
mi ln bn. Vi phng an nay ta thit k nhng
khung quay mang nhng cun dy cap phi nho va se quay
trong qua trnh bn, va qua mi khung quay la bn c
mt lp cap. Phng an nay co u im bn c
nhiu lp cap trong mi ln bn, din tch chim ch
nn xng giam hn, kch thc may nho gon hn, nng
sut bn tng. Nhng co nhc im la cng sut ng
c ln mang c cac cun cap phi quay, nn khng
tit kim c nng lng .
Qua phn tch u, nhc im cua tng phng an
nh trn va t nhu cu cua thc tin ta co th chon
mt trong hai phng an trn thit k. y vi nhu
cu dy cap in nhiu lp va nng sut cao nn ta chon
phng an thit k may co cac khung mang cac cun dy
cap phi cung quay .
Vi m hnh thit k may nh hnh 2.2 .
10
Hnh ve : 2.1.maybn dy cap 1 lp
11
Hnh ve 2.2.m hnh may bn cap hai lp.

3. Phn tch cac chuyn ng cua may:
Trc ht ta nghin cu qua trnh bn dy cap. Nguyn
ly bn dy cap ging nh qua trnh tao ren nhiu u
mi trn mt bulong, mt phn t trn mi tao cap thc
hin hai chuyn ng, chuyn ng quay va chuyn
ng tng tin .
- Chuyn ng quay thc hin qua trnh bn
vong .
- Chuyn ng tnh tin at chiu dai bc
bn .
+ Vn : v tc chuyn ng quay.
+ Vt : vn tc chuyn ng tnh tin.
Tng hp chuyn ng cua hai phng trn ta c
chuyn ng cua phn t trn tao cap la chuyn ng
12

kiu xon oc. T phn tch chuyn ng tao hnh nh
trn ta xac nh may thit k phai co hai chuyn ng,
chuyn ng quay va chuyn ng tnh tin. Va gia hai
chuyn ng nay phai co s phi hp vi nhau tao
nn cac bc xon theo yu cu .
i vi may thit k theo phng an khung mang cun
cap phi cung quay mt im lu y la vn tc quay khng
c qua ln, v nh vy tao m men quan tnh ln, rt
nguy him trong qua trnh san xut .
M qt = J .2 = m.qt2 .2
Khi lng m quay a ln, nu ln th
Vn
M qt
ln.
Va
Vt
Hnh ve 2.3
Chng 3 :
THIT K NG HOC MAY.

I. Ni dung cua thit k ng hoc may :
- ng hoc may bao gm cac chuyn ng va s

phi hp gia cac chuyn ng tao hnh san
phm theo yu cu .
- i vi may bn dy cap in, do dy cap co nhng
yu cu nh bc bn dai, ngn khac nhau, hng bn
xon trai, xon phai khac nhau nn may thit k phai co
b phn thay i tc va thay i chiu quay cua cac
khung .
- Nghin cu cac nguyn ly truyn chuyn ng
chon cac b truyn phu hp cho tng giai oan, tng v
13

tr khac nhau va am bao truyn c chuyn ng va
mmen xon va am bao kch thc nho gon kinh t .
- truyn chuyn ng t ng c n b phn
tao hnh cua may tt yu phai qua cac chi tit truyn
ng trung gian nh b truyn ai, b truyn xch, hp
giam tc, hp tc . . .
- Tc quay cua cac khung cua may bn dy cap
thp, nn ta phai kt hp chon tc cua ng c va
chon loai hp giam tc sao cho kinh t nht. V nu
chon ng c co tc quay thp dn n kch thc
ng c ln, s i cc nhiu tn kem, ng c nhanh
phat nong, con nu chon ng c co tc cao th phai
b th hp giam tc co nhiu cp giam dn n kch
thc hp giam tc ln, khng kinh t .
- tao ra dy cap co nhiu bc khac nhau ap ng
nh cu rng rai cua th trng ta phai phi hp gia
chuyn ng quay va chuyn ng tnh tin tao
nhiu loai dy cap co bc bn, hng bn khac nhau.
nk
R
Vt
nt
Hnh ve 3.1 phi hp chuyn dng .
Quy tc phi hp : n khung .i = nt
Vi : nkhung : tc quay cua khung .
i : ty s truyn t khung cho n tang cun .
nt : s vong quay cua tang cun .
T cng thc phi hp trn co nhiu bc bn
t x khac nhau ta co cac phng an sau :
+ Thay i tc quay nkhung cua khung, cung mt vn
tc chuyn ng tnh tin nu tc quay cua khung
khac nhau se cho ra cac bc bn khac nhau. Phng an
nay ta thy phai t hp tc trn ng truyn t
ng c n khung quay, nh ta a phn tch trn cac khung
quay mang cac cun dy cap phi cung quay nn mmen
14
S nguyn ly cua may thit k :
1
1
1
2
1
0
II.
13
1
4
quay ln v vy cac chi tit trong hp tc phai ln

dn n hp tc ln khng kinh t, v th ta khng
nn chon phng an nay .
+ Gi nguyn tc quay nkhung cua khung thay i vn
tc chuyn ng tnh tin cua dy, nh vy cung mt
tc quay cua khung nu vn tc keo khac nhau cung
se cho nhng bc bn khac nhau, phng an nay ta thay
i tc quay cua tang cun, nh vy ta t hp tc
trn ng truyn t ng c n tang cun tao
nhiu tc quay khac nhau cua tang. Tuy ta cha tnh
mmen xon cua khung va tang nhng theo kt cu cua
may thit k ta cung co th nhn nh rng momen trn
tang cun se nho hn rt nhiu so vi mmen xon trn
khung, nn vi phng an nay hp giam tc se nho gon
kinh t hn .
Nh vy qua phn tch trn thay i chiu dai
bc bn ta chon phng an thay i tc keo cua
tang cun .
i vi may bn dy cap ta thy giai oan u khi
bn ta phai keo mi mt khoang va khi cac cun dy
cap phi gn ht cn phai thay, hai giai oan nay khung
quay yu cu quay vi tc chm d quan sat, nn
khung quay cung phai co th thay c mt s cp tc
nht nh. Tuy nhin khi thay i tc quay cua khung
khng phai thay i bc xon do ta thay i tc quay
cua truc ni chung t khung n hp tc thay i
tc quay cua tang .
thay i tc quay cua khung quay ta cung co th
dung hp tc hoc dung ng c co th thay i
c mt s cp tc , may nho gon hn ta
chon phng an chon ng c in thay i c mt
s cp tc .
tao ra cac bc bn nhiu hn cac lp khac
nhau, qua tham khao may co sn, ta nn thit k mt
hp tc thay i mt s bc xon cua lp
bn 12 dy nhm tao ra nhiu loai cap phong phu hn.
15
Hinh ve :3.2
Chu giai :
1) ng c in .
th 1.
3)Truc trruyn mmen xon .
tc th 1.
5)B truyn ai th 2.
th 2.
7) hp tc th 1.
th 3.
9)hp tc th 2.
xch.
11) hp giam tc th 3.
2 )B tryn ai
4)Hp
6)hp
giam
giam
tc
8) b truyn ai
10)b truyn
12)tang cun .
16

phi.
13) khung quay.
14) cun dy cap
Nguyn ly hoat ng cua may bn dy cap in :

ng c in (1) truyn chuyn ng quay va mmen
xon n truc (3). truc (3) truyn chuyn ng chung
n khung quay th nht, th hai va n hai tang keo .
chun b cho may hoat ng ta phai gn cac
cun dy tao cap (14) vao cac
khung quay (13) va long cac dy tao cap phi nay qua cac l
cua a bn. Dung mt dy cap keo mi cun t tang
n ni vi cac dy tao cap nay cho chc chn. Sau o
khi ng ng c hoat ng vi tc thp cho n
khi im ni t cap keo mi n cac dy tao cap cun
vao tang c mt vong thi ta tng tc ng c vao
giai oan san xut n nh. Khi quan sat thy cac cun
dy tao cap sp ht ta cho tc ng c chm lai
d quan sat va thay cun khac.
Trn ng truyn t ng c n truc cng tac phai
qua cac b truyn trung gian, co rt nhiu loai b
truyn khac nhau, mi b truyn co nhng u nhc
im khac nhau. Tuy theo yu cu truyn ng vi tc
nao, momen, lc, v tr nao ma ta chon b truyn
trung gian cho hp ly, va am bao iu kin lam vic,
va am bao kinh t, nho gon nht. Sau y ta xet u
nhc im cua nhng b truyn trung gian a chon.
a)
B truyn banh rng :
u im : kch thc nho, kh nng tai ln, ty s truyn
khng thay i, hiu sut cao, tui tho cao, lam vic tin
cy.
Nhc im : Ch tao tng i phc tap, oi hoi
chng xac cao, co nhiu ting n khi vn tc ln.
b) b truyn ai :
u im :co kh nng truyn chuyn ng va c nng
gia cac truc kha xa nhau, lam vic m khng n, gia
c an toan cho cac tit may khac khi b qua tai, kt
cu n gian gia thanh ha .
Nhc im :khun kh kch thc kha ln, ty s
truyn khng n nh v co trt an hi, lc tac dung
ln truc va ln do phi cng ai, tui tho thp khi lam
vic vi tc cao .
c) b truyn xch :
17

u im :co kh nng truyn chuyn ng gia cac
truc kha xa nhau, kch thc nho gon hn b truyn ai
rt nhiu, co th cung mt luc truyn chuyn ng cho
nhiu truc khac nhau .
Nhc im : co nhiu ting n khi lam vic, vn tc
tc thi cua xch va a khng n nh, yu cu chm soc
thng xuyn, chong mon c bit khi lam vic nhng
ni nhiu bui .
III. Phn phi ty s truyn va tnh s vong quay cac

truc:
tnh s vong quay cac truc va phn phi ty s
truyn, n gian ta chia qua trnh tnh toan ra lam hai
phn :
* phn 1 : tnh toan cho ng truyn t ng c
n cac khung quay .
* phn 2 : tnh toan cho ng truyn t ng c cho
n tang cun dy cap phi thanh phm .
III.1) Tnh toan phn 1: ng truyn t ng c

n cac khung quay.
1. s ng tnh toan :
Hnh ve :3.3
2. Tnh toan phn phi ty s truyn :
2.1) Nguyn tc phn phi ty s truyn :
- Nh phn tch trn tc quay cua cac khung quay
khng c qua ln, v se gy momen quan tnh ln, nn
18

vi khung quay mang 18 dy ng vi tc quay ln nht
cua ng c khng c vt qua tc gii han
thit k, ta chon tc gii han thit k cua khung 18
vg
dy la nmax = 50 ph . Vi khung 12 dy ta thit k co bn
cp tc , v khung mang 12 dy nn khi lng co

giam hn v th ta chon tc gii han khoang
n max = 100 vg . Khi thit k hp tc ta chon chui s
ph
vong quay theo cp s nhn vi cng bi =1,26 . Nh vy

cac s vong quay con lai la : 80 ; 63 ; 50 .
- Chon ng c bin tn co th thay i c v
cp tc , nhng n gian trong iu khin ta phn
thanh 10 cp tc . ng c co tc ti a la
nmax dc = 1500 vg . ng vi tc nay th khung 18 dy khng
ph
c quay qua 50 (vg/ph) va khung 12 dy khng c

quay qua tc 100 (vg /ph).
- Vic phn phi ty s truyn cho cac b truyn ai,
b truyn xch thng ly cac gia tr trung bnh cho phep,
chng han i vi b truyn ai det khng banh cng co
th chon i< 5, co banh cng i < 8, b truyn ai thang
i<6, vi b truyn xch co th chon i< 5 .
- Vic phn phi ty s truyn i h cho cac b truyn
trong hp giam tc theo cac nguyn tc c ban sau :
+ am bao khun kh va trong lng cua hp giam
tc nho nht .
+am bao iu kin bi trn tt nht .
+ am bao iu kin kinh t nht .
Qua phn tch trn ta phai xac nh tt ca cac ty s
truyn k t truc ng c cho n cac truc cng tac .
2.2) Phn phi ty s truyn :
2.2.1 )Ty s truyn cua b truyn ai th nht :
Cac phng an chon :
- y la b truyn ai thang nn ty s truyn phai
thoa man yu cu i < 6 .
Nu ta chon i = ( 3 6 ) th truc s 3 se c
giam tc nhiu hn, nh vy truc 3 se quay tc
chm va se chu mt momem xon ln. am bao
yu cu lam vic th truc 3 ng knh phai ln, mt
khac truc 3 tng i dai nh vy se rt tn vt liu,
vn chuyn kho khn, khng kinh t. Nn ta chon ty s
19

truyn cho b truyn ai th 1 trong khoang
chon i d 1 = 1,25 .
Nh vy tc quay cua truc 3 se la :
nt 3 =
ndc max
id1
i < 2 , ta
1500
vg
=
= 1200
ph
1,25
2.2.2) Ty s truyn cua hp giam tc th nht:

Hp giam tc la mt c cu gm cac b phn
truyn banh rng hay truc vt, tao thanh mt t hp
bit lp giam s vong quay va truyn cng sut t
ng c n may cng tac. u im cua hp giam tc
la hiu sut cao, co kha nng truyn nhng cng sut
khac nhau, tui tho ln lam vic chc chn va s dung
n gian.
Ta co :
nt 3 1200
=
= 24
nct1
50
24
ih1 >
=4
6
ih1 .id 2 =
Vi b truyn ai i < 6 nn
Nh vy hp giam tc co ty s truyn nm trong

gii han : 4 < ih1 < 24
Xem xet cac loai hp giam tc ta chon loai hp giam
tc hai cp khai trin co ty s truyn nm trong khoang
i = 8 30
Ta chon ty s truyn cua hp giam tc th nht
i h1 = 8
Trong hp giam tc hai cp khai trin banh rng tru

cac banh rng b dn cua cp nhanh va cp chm
u c ngm trong du nh nhau, tc la ng knh
cua cac banh rng phai xp x nhau nn khi phn phi in > ic
( in - ty s truyn cp nhanh, ic - ty s truyn cp
chm ) mt lng khng c ln qua . Co th chon
theo h thc : in = (1,2 1,3).ic .
III
n
Ta chon in =1,25.ic
r
Kt hp iu kin :
in .ic = 8 ic2 = 6,4 ic 2,5
in =
8
= 3,2
2,5
Kt cu cua hp giam tc th nht :

nv
II
20
Hnh ve 3.4
Tnh s vong quay cac truc :
n I = 1200 vg
ph
n
1200
n II = I =
= 375 vg
ph
in
3,2
n III =
n II 375
=
= 150 vg
ph
ic
2,5
ao chiu quay cua khung ta phai thit k b ao

chiu, co th dung b truyn xch gn vao hp tc
. Va dung ly hp thay i chiu quay vi kt cu
nh bn . Khi ong ly hp qua phai th b truyn xch lam
vic, khi ong sang trai th b truyn banh rng lam vic.
2.2.3) Ty s truyn b truyn ai th hai :
id 1 .ih1 .id 2 =
n dc 1500
=
= 30
nct
50
1,25.8.id 2 = 30 id 2 = 3
2.2.4)Ty s truyn cua b truyn ai th ba :

Ta cung chon nh b truyn ai th hai : id 3 = 3
2.2.5) Ty s truyn cua hp giam tc th hai :
chon loai hp giam tc nh khung 1 .
Vy ty s truyn se la : ih3 = 8
2.2.6)Phn phi ty s truyn cho hp tc th
nht :
Phn tch cac phng an chon hp tc cho may :
Pham vi iu chnh ty s truyn ng cua hp tc
may thit k phai nm trong yu cu chung cua moi
1
5
hp tc la : < i < 2,8

Cac loai hp tc co th thit k :
a) Hp tc dung banh rng thay th : Loai nay
dung banh rng thay th thay i ty s truyn trong
hp tc . No co nhng u, nhc im sau :
u im : - Co th tao ra tc vi cp chnh xac
bt ky .
- Kt cu hp tc n gian, kch thc chiu
truc cua hp ngn .
Nhc im : - Thi gian thay i tc kha lu,
bng thi gian thao lp cac banh rng thay th .
21

b) hp tc dung c cu then keo :
Loai hp nay n gian nht, kiu nay gm mt s
banh rng c nh trn mt truc, trn truc kia lp nhng
banh rng long khng co s lng bng s banh rng c
nh. Tuy theo v tr then keo ma mt trong nhng banh
rng long khng se c c nh vi truc .
u im : - Kch thc chiu truc rt gon, v cac
banh rng lp rt sat nhau
- Co th dung banh rng nghing .
nhc im :- Do phai phay mt ranh su trn truc
t then keo nn sc bn cua truc giam nhiu .
- Do toan b cac banh trong hp u n khp k ca
cac banh rng khng truyn momen xon nn cac banh rng
b mon nhanh, hiu sut giam .
- V chiu rng banh rng khng th tng tuy y nn cac
banh rng cua c cu xp thanh hai khi thap ngc
nhau v vy ta khng dung banh rng co ng knh ln ,
kt cu vo hp khng gon, khng chc chn.
c)
hp tc dung c cu man :
M an la mt c cu hai truc gm nhiu khi banh
rng hai bc ging nhau long khng. Tuy theo v tr cua
banh m ma m men xon c truyn qua t, nhiu
banh theo con ng zch zc. Loai nay co nhng u
im, nhc im sau.
u im : - Kch thc chiu truc nho .
- Pham vi iu chnh ln .
- Ch tao tng i n gian v cac banh rng u
ging nhau.
Nhc im : - Loai nay banh m kem cng vng
khng truync cng sut va tc ln .
- B tn tht cng sut v toan b cac banh rng u
phai quay k ca cac banh rng khng truyn mmen xon .
d)
Hp tc dung banh rng di trt :
Loai nay dung cac banh rng di trt doc truc thay
i ty s truyn. loai nay rt ph bin trong may ct
kim loai truyn thng va cac may moc c khi v no co
nhng u im, nhc im sau :
u im : - Hiu sut cao .
- Co th truyn c cng sut va tc tng i
cao.
- cng vng tt .
- D bi trn va bao quan
22

Nhc im : - kt cu khng c nho gon lm.
- ch taonhiu banh rng vi kch thc khac nhau
nn phc tap .
i vi may bn dy cap in cn thay i bn
cp tc ta chon hp giam tc dung banh rng di
trt thit k .
Cac bc thit k hp tc :
Phng an khng gian : Z = 1 4
th vong quay : t li kt cu ta ve th vong
quay biu din cac ty s truyn cua hp tc .
i1 = 1
Chon cac ty s truyn :
i2 =
i3 = 2
i4 = 3
Tnh s rng cua cac banh rng trong b truyn .

1
i1 = 1 = f 3 + g 3 = 2
1
5
i2 = = f 2 = 4, g 2 = 5 f 2 + g 2 = 9 = 3.3
4
11
2
i3 = = 1,58
f 3 = 11, g 3 = 7 f 3 + g 3 = 18 = 3.3.2
7
i4 = 3 = 2 f 4 = 2, g 4 = 1 f 4 + g 4 = 3
B s chung nho nht cua ( f x + g x ) la : k = 2.3.3=18

E min =
Z min .( f1 + g1 )
f 1 .k
17.3
= 2,8
1.18
Ly E min = 3 do o Z =E.k = 18.3 =54. s rng nm trong

gii han tiu chun
Tnh s rng :
17 Z 120
Z1 =
f1
1
.E.k = .54 = 27( rang ) ; Z 1'
f 1 + g1
2
Z2 =
f2
g2
5
4
.E.k = .54 = 30( rang ); Z 2' =
.E.k = .54 = 24( rang )
f2 + g2
9
f2 + g2
9
g1
1
.E.k = .54 = 27( rang )
f 1 + g1
2
f3
g3
11
7
Z3 =
.E.k = .54 = 33( rang ); Z 3' =
.E.k = .54 = 21( rang )
f3 + g3
18
f3 + g3
18
Z4 =
f4
g4
2
1
.E.k = .54 = 36( rang ); Z 4' =
.E.k = .54 = 18( rang )
f4 + g4
3
f4 + g4
3
23

Tnh lai s vong quay thc t truc cng tac :
1
nct1 = nt 3 .
ih 2
nct 2 = nt 3 .
nct 3 = nt 3 .
nct 4 = n I .
1
ih 2
1
ih 2
1 1
1 27 1
.
= 1200. . . = 50 vg
ph
ih 3 id 3
8 27 3
1 1
1 30 1
.
= 1200. . . = 62,5 vg
ph
ih3 id 3
8 24 3
1 1
1 33 1
.
= 1200. . . = 78,6 vg
ph
ih 3 id 3
8 21 3
1 1 1
1 60 1
. .
= 1200. . . = 100 vg
ph
i2 i4 id 3
8 18 3
Kt cu cua hp tc :
Hnh ve 3.5
III.2) Tnh toan phn hai: Phn phi ty s truyn

t ng c n tang cun cap thanh
phm :
1 . S ng cua ng truyn :
24
Hnh ve 3.6
2.Phn phi ty s truyn :
2.1) Ty s truyn cua hp tc th hai :
Cac s liu cho trc:
S cp tc Zv = 18 cp .
vg
Tc vong quay truc vao . nv = 1200 ph .
i vi dy cap in yu cu v chnh xac chiu

dai khng cn cao lm, co bc bn hp ly trong khoang
(30-450mm) . trong khoang chiu dai cac bc bn o
co nhiu loai dy cap in vi bc bn khac nhau ta
chon chui s cac bc bn theo mt chui cp s
nhn vi cng bi tng i nho sao cho chui s tng
i day. Ta chon chui s vong quay truc la chui s
cp s nhn vi cng bi =1,12 la hp ly nht .
25

Thit k ng hoc va xac nh ty s truyn .
Nhim vu cua hp tc la am bao chui s
vong quay n cua truc chnh vi cng bi va pham vi
iu chnh Rn a cho. am bao yu cu trn, ta cn
bit mi quan h ng hoc gia cac nhom truyn ng
cua truc chnh, gia cac ty s truyn trong tng nhom
truyn ng, cung nh s phi hp gia chung vi
nhau.
Trong truyn ng phn cp, s vong quay cua truc
chnh thng c thc hin vi s thay i ty s
truyn cua cac nhom truyn ng gia hai truc va s
phi hp gia chung vi nhau. xac nh ty s truyn
trong cac nhom truyn ng cua hp tc , ngi ta
dung hai phng phap: phng phap giai tch va phng
phap th. y ta dung phng phap th.
xac nh ty s truyn bng phng phap th
giai, ngi ta dung hai loai s goi la li kt cu va
li th vong quay.
Li kt cu cua hp tc : la s biu din
cng thc kt cu va phng trnh iu chnh. Trn li
kt cu mi ng nm ngang biu din s truc cua
hp tc , cac im trn ng nm ngang se biu
din s cp tc cua truc chnh, cac oan thng
ni cac im tng ng trn cac truc biu din cac ty
s truyn gia cac truc o. biu din chui n theo
cp s nhn ta ve li kt cu theo toa logarit i
xng.
thi li vong quay: chuyn t li kt cu biu
din i xng sang biu din cac ty s truyn tht. Ta
quy c im trn cua truc nm ngang ch s vong quay
cu th. Cac ng thng (cac tia) ni cac im tng
ng gia cac truc biu din tr s ty s truyn cua
tng cp banh rng ( hay cac cp truyn ng khac) , tia
nghing trai biu th i< 1, tia nghing phai biu th 1> 1, tia
thng ng biu th i= 1.
Phng an khng gian (PAKG).
am bao vic thay i s vong quay, hp tc
may cng cu co th la hp tc v cp hay la
hp tc phn cp. Da vao chui s vong quay nh
trn va pham vi s dung, y ta thit k hp tc
phn cp dung banh rng di trt.
26

Chon phng an khng gian hp
ly
Vi s cp tc Zv = 18, ta co cac PAKG sau:
Zv = 18 = 3 3 2 = 3 2 3 = 2 3 3
Mt s tiu chun so sanh:
- S truc t nht.
- S banh rng chu Mxmax trn truc ra t nht.
- Chiu dai s b nho nht.
- Kt cu truc ra n gian.
Da vao cac tiu chun trn ta co cac ch tiu so
sanh:
Tnh tng s banh rng cua hp theo cng thc
i
Sz = 2.pi .
1
Vi pi la s banh rng di trt trong mt nhom

Theo tnh toan, co SZmin khi p1 = p1 = ...= pi = e, vi e la
c s npe
(e= 2,6,...). Do ta nn chon p I = 2,3,4.
Vi PAKG Zv = 18 =3 3 2 , ta co:
SZ = 2.(3 + 3 + 2) = 16
Vi PAKG Zv = 16 = 3 2 3 , ta co:
SZ = 2.(3 +2+ 3) = 16
Vi PAKG Zv = 16 = 4 2 2 , ta co:
SZ = 2.(2 + 3 + 3) = 16 .
Tnh tng s truc cua PAKG theo cng thc:
Str = (x + 1)
Vi x=3 ta co : Str= 4.
Tnh chiu dai s b cua hp tc theo cng thc:
L
= b +f
b: la chiu rng cua banh rng, b = (6 10).m =

(0,15 0,3).A
m: moduyl cua banh rng.
A: khoang cach truc.
f: khoang h lp ming gat. Xac nh theo
cac tr s kinh nghim
f = 8 12 mm, dung lp cac ming gat,
f = 2 3 mm, dung bao v,
27

f = 4 6 mm, dung thoat dao xoc rng.
f = 10 20 mm, Khoang cach n vach hp.
L = 17b + 16f.
S lng banh rng chu mmen xon M xmax truc
cui cung.
Truc cui cung la truc chnh, v truc nay co chuyn
quay thc hin s vong quay t n 1 n n18 nn khi tnh
sc bn da vao tr s n min(n1) se co Nxmax. Do o kch
thc truc ln. Cac banh lp trn truc co kch thc ln,
v vy tranh b tr nhiu chi tit trn truc cui cung
(truc chnh)
T cac ch tiu trn, ta lp bang so sanh PAKG:
Yu t so sanh
Tng
Phng an
332
banh 16
rng SZ
Tng s truc Str
Chiu dai s b L
4
19b + 18f
S banh rng chu 2
323
16
233
16
4
19b + 18f
4
19b
18f
3
Mxmax trn truc ra
T bang so sanh ta chon c PAKG la Z v

=332
Phng an th t (PATT).
Muc ch cua PATT la tm ra c mt phng an
thay i s n khp cua cac banh rng trong nhom truyn
thch hp nht va tm ra quy lut phn b ty s truyn
trong nhom truyn.
Nh ta a bit vi mt phng an b tr khng gian
a co, ta co nhiu phng an thay i th t khac nhau.
Vi s nhom truyn x = 3, va PAKG Z v = 3 3 2, ta se co
3! = 1.2.3 = 6 phng thay i th t. Vi 6 PATT c
th hin bng 6 li kt cu, va t o ta se anh gia
28

chon mt li kt cu thch hp nht. chon
c li kt cu thch hp nht ta da vao phng
phap kim nghim gii han ty s truyn.
Ta a bit pham vi iu chnh ty s truyn cua
mt nhom truyn ng la:
Ri =
i max i p
=
= (p1)xi
i min i 1
. xac nh c mt gii
han cho phep, trn thc t cac ty s truyn trong hp

tc dung banh rng di trt c gii han nh sau:
1
2
i .
4
1
Tc la pham vi iu chnh ty s truyn trong mt

nhom truyn ng la:
Ri =
i max 2 4
= =8 .
i min 1 1
Nh vy pham vi iu chnh gii han la:

Rgh = (p-1).xi = Xmax 8.
Trong o xmax la lng m cc ai gia hai tia ngoai
cung.
Ta lp bang ve li kt cu so sanh PATT:
PAKG
PATT
X
II
3
III
9
3 3 2
I
III
II
1
6
3
II
III
6
I
1
Li
kt cu
Xmax
xmax
9
=2,8
9
12
=3,8
12
12
=3,8
12
29
PAKG
PATT
X
II
I
1
III
9
3 3 2
III
II
I
6
2
1
III
I
1
II
3
Li
kt cu
Xmax
xmax
9
=2,8
9
12
=3,8
12
12
=3,8
12
Vi iu kin xmax cang nho cang tt loai 4 phng

an (I),(III),(II) ; (II),(III),(I) ; (III),(II),(I) ; (III),(I),(II) ta chp nhn 2
phng an (I),(II),(III) va (II),(I),(III). Trong 2 phng an nay ta
chon phng an (I),(II),(III) v phng an nay co lng m
u n va tng dn.
o Xy dng li kt cu
T PATT trn ta co cng thc kt cu la Zv = 3[1]3[3]
2[9].
3[1]
2[9]
Hnh ve 3.7
30

o Xy dng li th vong quay
1
* i vi nhom Pa : i1: i2: i3 = : 1 :

1
Chon i 3 = 2
i1 =
1
;
4
i2 =
1
3
i4 =
1
4
3
* i vi nhom Pb : i4: i5: i6 = 3 : 1 :
2
Chon i 6 =
i5 =
1
;
* i vi nhom Pc : i7: i8 = 1:9

3
Chon i8 =
i7 =
1
6
Mi nhom truyn ch chon 1 t s truyn tuy y (

doc cua tia tuy y) nhng phai am bao
1
i 2 con cac t
4
s truyn khac da vao phng trnh iu chnh xac

nh.
Li th vong quay:
3[1]
3[3]
2[9]
Hnh ve 3.8
Xac nh s rng cua cac banh rng
S dung phng phap tnh chnh xac khi cha bit
khoang canh truc A.
Nhom truyn I co 3 ty s truyn i1,i2 va i3 .
i1 =
f
1
1
1
7
=
=
= 1 f 1 + g1 = 18
4
4
1,57 11 g1
1,12
31

i2 =
1
1
1 5 f2
=
= =
f 2 + g 2 = 12
3
3
1,4 7 g 2
1,12
i3 =
1
1
1
4 f
=
= = 3 f3 + g3 = 9
2
2
1,25 5 g 3
1,12
T cac tha s trn ta co bi s chung nho nht

cua tng (fj + gj ) la:
k = 2.3.3.2= 36
Trong nhom truyn ng nay, co i 1= imin , i3 = imax . Ty
s truyn i1 la tia nghing trai co nghing ln nht, nn
banh rng co s rng nho nht la banh chu ng. Do o ta
dung cng thc Eminc xac nh Emin.
E min c =
Z min . ( f 1 + g1 ) 17(7 + 11)

=
= 1,2 .
k. f1
7.36
Chon
E = 2 Z = E.k = 2.36 =72 nm trong tng
s rng cho phep trong hp tc la : Z = (17 120) .
Tnh s rng cua banh chu ng va banh b ng
tng ng:
f1
g1 + f1
g1
= E.K .
g1 + f 1
f2
= E.K .
g2 + f2
f1
= E .K .
g1 + f1
f3
= E .K .
g3 + f3
f3
= E.K .
g3 + f3
Z 1 = E.K .
7
.72 = 28
18
Z 1'
11
.72 = 44
18
5
.72 = 30
12
7
.72 = 42 .
12
4
.72 = 32
9
5
= 40
9
Z2
Z 2'
Z3
Z 3'
Nhom truyn II: co 3 ty s truyn, i4 , i5 , i6.

i4 =
f
1
1
7
=
= 4 f 4 + g 4 = 18
4
4
11 g 4
1,12
i5 =
1
1
7 f
=
= 5 f 5 + g 5 = 15
8 g5
1,12
i6 = 2 = 1,12 2
5 f6
=
f6 + g6 = 9
4 g6
32

T cac tha s trn ta co bi s chung nho nht
cua tng (fj + gj ) la:
k = 18.5= 90
E min c =
Z min . ( f 1 + g1 ) 17(7 + 11)

=
= 0,486 < 1 .
k. f1
7.90
Chon
E = 1 Z = E.k = 1.90 =90 nm trong tng
s rng cho phep trong hp tc la : Z = (17 120) .
Tnh s rng cua banh chu ng va banh b ng
tng ng:
Z 4 = E .K .
f4
7
= .90 = 35
g 4 + f 4 18
Z ' 4' = E.K .
g4
11
= .90 = 55
g 4 + f 4 18
f5
g5 + f5
g5
Z 5' = E.K .
g5 + f5
f6
Z 6 = E.K .
g6 + f6
g6
Z 6' = E.K .
g6 + f6
Z 5 = E .K .
7
.90 = 42
15
8
.90 = 48
15
5
= .90 = 50
9
=
4
.90 = 40
9
Nhom truyn III: co 2 ty s truyn i7 va i8

Trong nhom truyn ng nay, co i7 la ty s truyn
nghing trai co nghing ln nht, nn banh rng co s
rng nho nht la banh chu ng. Do o ta dung cng thc
Eminc xac nh Emin.
1 1 f7
= =
f7 + g7 = 3.
6 2 g7
7 f
i8 = 3 = = 8 f 8 + g 8 = 12 .
5 g8
i7 =
K= 3.4 = 12
E min c
Z ( f + g7 )
= min . 7
= 4,5 ly bng 5
. f 7 .k
Z = K.E =12.5 = 60.

Tnh s rng cua banh chu ng va b ng tng
ng:
33

Z 7 = EK
f7
1
= 60. = 20 .
f7 + g7
3
Z 7 ' = EK
f 7'
2
= 60. = 40 .
f 7' + g 7'
3
f8
7
= 60. = 35 .
f8 + g8
12
f 8'
5
Z 8' = EK
= 60. = 25 .
f 8' + g 8 '
12
Z 8 = EK
i1
i2
i3
i4
i5
i6
i7
i8
Z 1 28
=
Z 1' 44
Z 2 30
=
42
Z 2'
Z 3 32
=
Z 3' 40
Z 4 35
=
Z 4' 55
Z 5 42
=
48
Z 5'
Z 6 50
=
Z 6' 40
Z 7 20
=
40
Z 7'
Z 8 35
=
Z 8' 25
Tnh cac s vong quay truc ra cua hp tc :

n1 = nt 3 .i1 .i 4 .i7 . = n0 .
Z1 Z 4 Z 7
.
.
Z 1' Z 4' Z 7'
n1 = 1200.
28 35 20
. . . = 243
44 55 40
(v/ph)
n2 = n0.i 2.i 4.i 7 = n0.
Z2 Z4 Z7
30 35 20
.
.
n2 = 1200. . . = 272,7
Z2' Z4' Z7'
42 55 40
(v/ph)
Z3 Z4 Z7
32 35 20
. .
n3 = 1200.
. .
= 305,5
Z3' Z4' Z7'

40 55 40
n3 = n0.i 3.i 4.i 7 = n0.
(v/ph)
n4 = n0.i1.i 5.i 7 = n0.
Z1 Z5 Z7
28 42 20
. .
n 4 = 1200.
.
.
= 334,1
Z1' Z5' Z7'

44 48 40
n5 = n0.i 2.i 5.i 7 = n0.
Z2 Z5 Z7
30 42 20
. .
n5 = 1200. . . = 375
Z2' Z5' Z7'
42 48 40
n6 = n0.i 3.i 5.i 7 = n0.
Z3 Z5 Z7
32 42 20
. .
n6 = 1200. . .
= 420
Z3' Z5' Z7'

40 48 40
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
n7 = n0.i1.i 6.i 7 = n0.
Z1 Z6 Z7
28 50 20
.
.
n7 = 1200.
.
.
= 447,3
Z1' Z6' Z7'

44 40 40
n8 = n0.i 2.i 6 .i 7 = n0.
Z 2 Z6 Z7
30 50 20
.
.
n8 = 1200. . . = 535,7
Z2' Z6' Z7'
42 40 40
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
34

n9 = n0.i 3.i 6.i 7 = n0.
Z3 Z6 Z7
32 50 20
. .
n9 = 1200. . .
= 600
Z3' Z6' Z7'

40 40 40
(v/ph)
n10 = n0.i1.i 4.i 8 = n0.
Z1 Z4 Z8
28 35 35
.
.
n10 = 1200. . . = 680,3
Z1' Z4' Z8'
44 55 25
(v/ph)
n11 = n0.i 2.i 4.i 8 = n0.
Z2 Z4 Z8
30 35 35
. .
n11 = 1200.
. .
= 763,6
Z2' Z4' Z8'

42 55 25
n12 = n0.i 3.i 4.i 8 = n0.
Z3 Z4 Z8
32 35 35
. .
n12 = 1200.
. .
= 855,3
Z3' Z4' Z8'

40 55 25
n13 = n0.i1.i 5.i 8 = n0.
Z1 Z5 Z8
28 42 35
. .
n13 = 1200. . . = 935,5
Z1' Z5' Z8'
44 48 25
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
n14 = n0.i 2.i 5.i 8 = n0.
Z2 Z5 Z8
30 42 35
. .
n14 = 1200. . .
= 1050
Z2' Z5' Z8'

42 48 25
(v/ph)
n15 = n0.i 3.i 5.i 8 = n0.
Z3 Z5 Z8
32 42 35
. .
n15 = 1200. . .
= 1176
Z3' Z5' Z8'

40 48 25
n16 = n0.i1.i 6.i 8 = n0.
Z1 Z6 Z8
28 50 35
. .
n16 = 1200. . . = 1336,4
Z1' Z6' Z8'
44 40 25
n17 = n0.i 2.i 6.i 8 = n0.
Z2 Z6 Z8
30 50 35
. .
n17 = 1200. . .
= 1500
Z2' Z6' Z8'

42 40 25
n18 = n0.i 3.i 6.i 8 = n0.
Z3 Z6 Z8
32 50 35
. .
n18 = 1200. . .
= 1680
Z3' Z6' Z8'

40 40 25
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
(v/ph)
S ng hp tc
35
Hnh ve 3.9
phn phi ty s truyn cho cac b phn con lai
ta phai phi hp gia chuyn ng quay cua khung va
chuyn ng tnh tin cua b phn keo dy .
Bc bn nho nht : t min = 60( mm ) ta chon bc bn
nay phi hp tc chuyn ng cua khung la
nk = 50 vg
ph
Ta thy c 1 vong quay cua khung th dy phai chuyn

ng tnh tin mt oan 60 (mm) nh vy se tao ra
bc bn la t = 60( mm )
1 vong
60 (mm)
50 vong
50.60 = 3000(mm)
Mt phut khung quay 50 vong mt phut dy phai

chuyn ng mt khoang l=3000(mm) th se tao ra c
bc bn t = 60( mm ) . Hay noi cach khac vn tc chuyn
ng tnh tin cua dy la : V = 3000(mm/ph) va khung quay
vi tc 50 (vg/ph) se tao ra c bcbn la
t = 60( mm ) .
Tnh s vong quay cua tang cun .
V
3000
vg
Ap dung cng thc : ntg min = .D = 3,14.2000 = 0,48 ph .

tg
ng truyn t hp tc n tang qua b

truyn xch va b truyn banh rng non hoc b truyn
trucvt, banh vt i phng chuyn ng.
Quy tc phi hp
: ntg .i Br .i Brn .i
= nh
36

i Br .i Brn .i =
nh
243
=
= 506,25
ntg
0,48
T y phn phi ty s truyn cho cac b truyn .

2.2)
Ty s truyn cua b truyn banh rng :
ng knh banh rng ln chnh bng ng knh tang,

bng 2000(mm)
Chon m un banh rng m =5 (mm) . Z =
D 2000
=
= 400( rang )
m
5
ng knh banh rng nho = 200 (mm) Z =
200
= 40( rang )
5
Ty s truyn cua b truyn banh rng la : i Br =
200
= 10
20
2.3)Ty s truyn cua b truyn xch :

i Brn .i =
506,25
= 50,625 .
10
Ty s truyn cua b truyn xch
i<8.
Ta chon ty s truyn cua b truyn xch : i = 1,25.

2.4)Ty s truyn cua b truyn banh rng non :
Ty s truyn cua b truyn banh rng non
i Brn
50,625
=
= 40,5 .Ty
1,25
s truyn tng i ln nn ta thay b
truyn banh rng non thanh b truyn truc vt banh vt .

B truyn truc vt banh vt co kh nng truyn c ty
s truyn t ( 1- 100)
Chon truc vt co hai mi ren :
S rng trn banh vt : Z Bv = i Bv .Z Tv = 40,5.2 = 81( rang )
Vy ta a phn phi xong ty s truyn cho ng
truyn th hai, ta co kt cu cua cum may th hai nh
sau .
37
Hnh ve 3.10
Chon phng an iu khin hp tc :
Yu cu vi h thng iu khin :
- an toan cua c cu iu khin. Nn b tr tay
gat tp trung vao mt khu vc thun tin cho vic thao
tac cua cng nhn. Tranh cac b phn iu khin nh v
lng, tay gat quay trong thi gian cng tac.vv..
- iu khin phai nhanh.
- Cac c cu iu khin bng tay phai nhe nhang
thut tin.
- D nh khi iu khin.
- am bao chnh xac, tin cy cua h thng iu
khin.
Qua tham khao cac c cu iu khin thng dung, ta co
th chon phng an iu khin c kh dung tay gat kt
hp vi c cu cam.
3.
Tnh s vong quay cua tang va vn tc chuyn

ng tnh tin cua dy.
Nh vy tc t ng c truyn qua hp tc
va truc ra se tao ra 18 cp tc khac nhau.
Khung 18 dy :
Tnh s vong quay cua tang theo cng thc :
ntg =
nh
nh
=
i Br .i .itv
506,25
Tnh vn tc chuyn ng tnh tin theo cng thc :
V = .Dtg .ntg = 6,28.ntg
38

n h1
243
V = n .6,28 = 3 m
=
= 0,48 vg
1
tg 1
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh 2
272,7
V = n .6,28 = 3,39 m
ntg 2 =
=
= 0,54 vg
2
tg 2
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh 3
305,5
V = n .6,28 = 3,77 m
ntg 3 =
=
= 0,60 vg
ph
3
tg 3
ph
506,25 506,25
nh 4
334,1
V = n .6,28 = 4,14 m
ntg 4 =
=
= 0,66 vg
4
tg 4
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh5
375
V = n .6,28 = 4,65 m
ntg 5 =
=
= 0,74 vg
5
tg 5
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh6
420
V = n .6,28 = 5,21 m
ntg 6 =
=
= 0,83 vg
6
tg 6
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh 7
447,3
V = n .6,28 = 5,53 m
ntg 7 =
=
= 0,88 vg
7
tg 7
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh8
535,7
V = n .6,28 = 6,65 m
ntg 8 =
=
= 1,06 vg
8
tg 8
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh9
600
V = n .6,28 = 7,41 m
ntg 9 =
=
= 1,18 vg
9
tg 9
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh10
680,3
V = n .6,28 = 7,54 m
ntg10 =
=
= 1,20 vg
10
tg 10
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh11
763,6
V = n .6,28 = 9,42 m
ntg11 =
=
= 1,50 vg
11
tg 11
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh12
855,3
V = n .6,28 = 10,61 m
ntg12 =
=
= 1,69 vg
ph
12
tg 12
ph
506,25 506,25
n h13
935,5
V = n .6,28 = 11,60 m
ntg13 =
=
= 1,85 vg
13
tg 13
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh14
1050
V = n .6,28 = 13 m
ntg14 =
=
= 2,07 vg
14
tg 14
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh15
1176
V = n .6,28 = 14,57 m
ntg15 =
=
= 2,32 vg
15
tg 15
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh16
1336,4
V = n .6,28 = 16,58 m
ntg16 =
=
= 2,64 vg
16
tg 16
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
n h17
1500
V = n .6,28 = 18,59 m
ntg17 =
=
= 2,96 vg
17
tg 17
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
nh18
1680
V = n .6,28 = 20,85 m
ntg18 =
=
= 3,32 vg
18
tg 18
ph
ph
506,25 506,25
ntg 1 =
Tnh bc bn cua lp bn 18 dy .
39

Cng thc tnh bc bn :
tx =
V
V
=
n k 50
V1
3
=
= 0,06 m = 60 mm
vg
vg
50 50
V
3,39
= 2 =
= 0,0678 m = 67,8 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
3,77
= 3 =
= 0,0754 m = 75,4 mm
vg
vg
530
50
V
4,14
= 4 =
= 0,0828 m = 82,8 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
4,65
= 5 =
= 0,093 m = 93 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
5,21
= 6 =
= 0,1042 m = 104,2 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
5,53
= 7 =
= 0,1106 m = 110,6 mm
vg
vg
50
50
t1 =
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
V8 6,65
=
= 0,133 m = 133 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
7,41
t9 = 9 =
= 0,1482 m = 148,2 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V 01 7,54
t10 =
=
= 0,1508 m = 150,8 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
9,42
t11 = 11 =
= 0,1884 m = 188,4 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
10,61
t12 = 12 =
= 0,2122 m = 212,2 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
11,60
t13 = 13 =
= 0,232 m = 232 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
13
t14 = 14 =
= 0,26 m = 260 mm
vg
vg
50 50
V
14,57
t15 = 15 =
= 0,2914 m = 291,4 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
16,58
t16 = 16 =
= 0,3316 m = 331,6 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
18,59
t17 = 17 =
= 0,3718 m = 371,8 mm
vg
vg
50
50
V
20,85
t18 = 18 =
= 0,418 m = 418 mm
vg
vg
50
50
t8 =
40

Khung quay 12 dy .
Khung quay 12 dy co 4 cp tc , ng vi mt tc
quay cua khung se co 18 bc bn khac nhau, vy vi
bn cp tc cua khung se co 4.18 = 72 bc bn
khac nhau .
Ta tnh bc bn cua dy cho tng tc cua khung .
vg
- Vi nk1 = 50 ph . Ta co bc bn nh khung 18 dy v
tc quay bng nhau .

vg
- Vi nk 2 = 62,5 ph . Ta tnh bc bn theo cng thc .
V
V
tx =
=
nk
62,5
vg
- Vi nk 3 = 78,6 ph . Ta tnh bc bn theo cng thc .
V
V
tx =
=
nk
78,6
vg
- Vi nk 4 = 100 ph . Ta tnh bc bn theo cng thc .
V
V
tx =
=
n k 100
Ta tnh va lp c bang sau.

tt
V(m/ph)
n1(vg/ph)
t1(m)
t1(mm)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
3
3.39
3.77
4.14
4.65
5.21
5.53
6.65
7.41
7.54
9.42
10.61
11.6
13
14.57
16.58
18.59
20.85
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
0.06
0.0678
0.0754
0.0828
0.093
0.1042
0.1106
0.133
0.1482
0.1508
0.1884
0.2122
0.232
0.26
0.2914
0.3316
0.3718
0.417
60
67.8
75.4
82.8
93
104.2
110.6
133
148.2
150.8
188.4
212.2
232
260
291.4
331.6
371.8
417
tt
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
n2(vg/ph)
t2(m)
t2(mm)
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
62.5
0.048
0.0542
0.0603
0.0662
0.0744
0.0834
0.0885
0.1064
0.1186
0.1206
0.1507
0.1698
0.1856
0.208
0.2331
0.2653
0.2974
0.3336
48
54.2
60.3
66.2
74.4
83.4
88.5
106.4
118.6
120.6
150.7
169.8
185.6
208
233.1
265.3
297.4
333.6
41
tt
V(m/ph)
n3(vg/ph)
t3(m)
t3(mm)
3
7
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
3.39
3.77
4.14
4.65
5.21
5.53
6.65
7.41
7.54
9.42
10.61
11.6
13
14.57
16.58
18.59
20.85
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
78.6
0.0382
0.0431
0.048
0.0527
0.0592
0.0663
0.0704
0.0846
0.0943
0.0959
0.1198
0.135
0.1476
0.1654
0.1854
0.2109
0.2365
0.2653
38.2
43.1
48
52.7
59.2
66.3
70.4
84.6
94.3
95.9
119.8
135
147.6
165.4
185.4
210.9
236.5
265.3
tt
n4(vg/ph)
t4(m)
t4(mm)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
0.03
0.0339
0.0377
0.0414
0.0465
0.0521
0.0553
0.0665
0.0741
0.0754
0.0942
0.1061
0.116
0.13
0.1457
0.1658
0.1859
0.2085
30
33.9
37.7
41.4
46.5
52.1
55.3
66.5
74.1
75.4
94.2
106.1
116
130
145.7
165.8
185.9
208.5
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
Chng 4 :
TNH TOAN NG LC HOC MAY VA

CHON CNG SUT NG C IN .
I. Tnh toan ng lc hoc may :

ng lc hoc nghin cu cac quy lut chuyn ng
cua cac vt th di tac dung cua cac lc .
Tnh toan ng lc hoc cua may lam c s ta
chon cng sut ng c in, tnh toan va thit k cac
chi tit may sao cho am bao bn, lam vic tin cy.
i vi may bn dy cap in, nh m hnh thit k
nh trn . cng vic tnh toan n gian ta cung chia may
thanh hai cum may tnh toan ng lc hoc, sau o
quy cng sut chung v trn truc (3), t o ta tnh cng
sut ng c in.
I.1) Tnh toan ng lc hoc cum may th nht
t ng c truyn n cac khung quay :
1. Phn tch cac lc tac dung ln khung :
i vi may bn dy cap in truc cng tac chnh la
truc mang khung quay. khung quay c ta phai tac
dung vao truc khung mt momen quay co ln thng
cac m men can trn truc khung. Cac lc nay bao gm .
42

- Momen can quan tnh do khi lng cua khung va cac
long cap phi gy ra . y la lc can chnh co gia tr tng
i ln v khi lng cua khung quay va khi lng
tng cng cua cac cun dy cap phi ln .
- Mmen can xon xon cac si cap vao vi nhau,
mun bn c dy cap in ta phai tac dung vao
tng tao cap mt mmen lc, mmen nay phai co gia tr
ln hn gii han bn un cua vt liu san xut th mi
un c cac tao cap. tnh toan cho trng hp nay
tat ham khao mn hoc sc bn vt liu.
- Momen can ma sat cac ln, trt gy ra. Vi
ln va trt h s ma sat tng i nho, nhng do
khi lng cua khung ln nn lc tac dung vao cac
cung tng i ln nn dn n lc ma sat cung tng
i ln.
- Mmen can do khng kh tac dung ln cac b mt cua
cac cun dy cap phi va cac b mt cua khung quay. Noi
chung m men nay co gia tr khng ang k khi tnh toan ta
co th bo qua hay nhn vi mt h s can ng cua
khng kh.
2. S tnh toan :
Qua phn tch cac lc tac dung vao khung nh trn
ta a ra m hunh tnh toan nh sau
dc
lk
h
M cq
t
Mc
Mc
g
M cm
135
0
Mq
Hnh
356 ve 4.1
3. qua trnh tnh toan:
0
43

3.1)Vi khung mang 18 cun dy cap phi :
Mmen can quan tnh M cqt : do khi lng vt th
quay gy ra .
tnh mmen can quan tnh trc ht ta tnh khi
lng tng th cua khung quay, gm khi lng khung
va khi lng cac cun dy cap phi.
Khi lng cua 18 cun dy cap phi mi cun co
khi lng la 80 (kg) vy vi 18 cun ta co : 18 . 80 =
1440 (kg).
Khi lng cua khung. Khi lng cua khung bng
khi lng cua hai a hai u va khi lng cua 6
thanh ngang .
Khi lng cua a : Dia = 1350(mm) , b day cua a l
= 32 (mm)
Th
tch
cua
a
:
V = S .l = .R 2 .l = 3,14.675 2.32 = 45781200( mm 3 ) = 0,046( m 3 )
a lam bng vt liu thep co khi lng ring

D = 7800( kg / m 3 )
S = 150.40 = 6000( mm 2 )
150
40
Khi lng cua a : m = V.D = 0,046.7800 = 358 (kg)

Khi lng cua cac thanh ngang .
Tit din ngang cua thanh .
Chiu dai cua thanh: khung mang 18 cun dy c
b tr thanh 3 day, mi day 6 cun .
Lk = 6.d c + 7.l kh
l kh = 80(mm); d c = 500( mm )
Lk = 6.500 + 7.80 = 3560( mm )
Th
tch
cua
V = S .Lk = 6000.3560 = 21360000 mm
mi
) = 0,021( m )
thanh
Khi lng cua mi thanh : m = V.D =0,21.7800=163,8

(kg)
Khi
lng
cua
khung
:
mk = 2.md + 6.mk = 2.358 + 6.163,8 = 1698,8( kg )
Khi lng tng cng cua ca khung va cun dy cap

phi :
m = m k + m d = 1440 + 1698,8 = 3138,8( kg )
Tnh mmen quan tnh cua khung J qt : nu tnh J qt cho

tng khi lng quay th rt phc tap, nn n gian
ta quy tt ca khi lng quay trn khung thanh mt khi
tru c co chiu dai bng chiu dai cua khung.
44

Vt = S .l k = .Rt .l k
l k = 3560 + 2.32 = 3624( mm ) = 3,624( m )
( )
m 3138,8
=
= 0,402 m 3
D
7800
V
0,402
S= =
= 0,102 m 2
lk
3,624
Vt =
( )
Rt =
Tnh
J qt =
mmen
0,102
Rt = 0,188( m )
3,14
quan
tnh
1
1
.m .R 2 = .3138,8.0,188 2 = 55,5( kg .m 2 )
2
2
Mmen
M cqt = J .
.n
can
quan
tnh
lng
3,14.50
= 5,23 rad
s
30
30
2
M cqt = 55,5.5,23 = 1518( Nm )
khi
x
Mmen can xon :
M hnh tnh toan : lc P
tac dung vao u thanh
phai ln hn gii han bn un
cua vt liu th thanh mi co
l
th b un c, ta chon vt liu co cng ln
nht trong s cac loai vt liu dung trong san xut, ta
chon o la thep co
[ ] = 800( N mm 2 )
Hnhve 4.2
Tit din ngang ln nht cua cac tao cap = 6 (mm) .
Biu mmen un :
M uy = P.z
M ux = 0
Bo qua khi lng cua dy .

M
uy
uy
ux
Kim tra bn . max = W + W = W
x
y
y
Tnh W y =
.D 3
32
3,14.6 3
= 21,2 mm 3 W y :
32
45
My
thanh
un
c
th
N
max [ ] = 800
mm 2
M uy
800 M uy 800.Wuy = 800.21,2 = 16,96( Nm )

Wuy
Vi 18 dy ta co : 18 . 16,96 = 306 (Nm)
Mmen can khng kh :
Mmen nay co gia tr ty l vi tc quay : M ckk = c.
Vi c h s can kh ng : c = ( 1,5 1,6)
M ckk = 1,6.5,32 = 8,4( Nm )
Mmen can do ma sat :

Fms = P. f : f h s ma sat , vi trt
ma sat na t ly f = 0,01 - 0,1.
ly f = 0,015. Vy ta co :
P = m . g =3138,8.9,8=30760,24 (kG)
= 301450 ( N) .( 1kG = 9,8 (N)
Fms = 301450.0,015 = 4522( N )
M ms = Fms .R = 4522.0,135 = 610,5( Nm )
R135
ms
Hnh
ve 4.3
Tng mmen can tac dung ln khung mang 18 cun dy
la :
M = M cqt + M ckk + M cms + M cx = 1518 + 306 + 610,5 + 8,4 = 2443( Nm ) .
3.2) Vi khung mang 12 cun dy cap phi :
Cach tnh toan tng t nh i vi khung mang 18
dy trn :
Mmen can quan tnh M cqt : Do khi lng vt th
quay gy ra gm khi lng cua khung va cac cun dy .
Khi lng cua 12 cun dy cap phi mi cun co
khi lng la 80 (kg) vy vi 12 cun ta co : 12 . 80 =
960 (kg).
Khi lng cua khung . Khi lng cua khung bng
khi lng cua hai a hai u va khi lng cua 6
thanh ngang .
- Khi lng cua a :
Dia = 1350(mm), b day cua a l = 32 (mm).
Th
tch
cua
a
:
V = S .l = .R 2 .l = 3,14.675 2.32 = 45781200( mm 3 ) = 0,046( m 3 )
a lam bng vt liu thep co khi lng ring
D = 7800( kg / m 3 )
46

Khi lng cua a : m = V.D = 0,046.7800 = 358 (kg)
- Khi lng cua cac thanh ngang .
Tit din ngang cua thanh .
S = 150.40 = 6000( mm 2 )
Chiu dai cua thanh: khung mang 12 cun dy c

b tr thanh 3 day , mi day 4 cun dy vy tng chiu
dai cua khung la .
Lk = 4.d c + 5.l kh
l kh = 80(mm); d c = 500( mm )
Lk = 4.500 + 5.80 = 2400( mm )
Th
tch
cua
V = S .Lk = 6000.2400 = 14400000( mm
mi
thanh
) = 0,0144( m )
Khi
lng
cua
mi
thanh
=0,0144.7800=112,32 (kg)
Khi
lng
cua
khung
m k = 2.md + 6.mk = 2.358 + 6.112,32 = 1390( kg )
V.D
:
Khi lng tng cng cua ca khung va cun dy cap

phi :
m = m k + mc = 1390 + 960 = 2350( kg )
Tnh mmen quan tnh cua khung J qt : nu tnh J qt cho

tng khi lng quay th rt phc tap, nn n gian
ta quy tt ca khi lng quay trn khung thanh mt khi
tru c co chiu dai bng chiu dai cua khung.
Vt = S .l k = .Rt .l k
l k = 2400 + 2.32 = 2464( mm ) = 2,464( m )
( )
m 2350
=
= 0,302 m 3
D
7800
V
0,302
S= =
= 0,122 m 2
lk
2,464
Vt =
( )
Rt =
0,122
Rt = 0,197( m )
3,14
Tnh mmen quan tnh khi lng :

J qt =
1
1
.m .R 2 = .2350.0,197 2 = 45,8( kg .m 2 )
2
2
M cqt = J . 2
.n
3,14.50
= 5,23 rad
s
30
30
M cqt = 45,8.5,23 2 = 1253( Nm )
Mmen can quan tnh : =
Mmen can xon :

M hnh tnh toan nh trn : lc P tac dung vao u
thanh phai ln hn gii han bn un cua vt liu th
47

thanh mi co th b un c, ta chon vt liu co
cng ln nht trong s cac loai vt liu dung trong san
[ ] = 800( N mm 2 )
xut, ta chon o la thep co
Tit din ngang ln nht cua cac tao cap = 6 (mm) .

M uy = P.z
Biu mmen un :
M ux = 0
Bo qua khi lng
cua dy .
M
uy
uy
ux
Kim tra bn . max = W + W = W
x
y
y
Tnh W y =
.D 3
32
3,14.6 3
= 21,2 mm 3 W y :
32
thanh
un
c
th
:
max [ ] = 800 N
mm 2
M uy
800 M uy 800.Wuy = 800.21,2 = 16,96( Nm )

Wuy
Vi 12 dy ta co : 12 . 16,96 = 203,52 (Nm)
Mmen can khng kh :
Mmen nay co gia tr ty l vi tc quay : M ckk = c.
Vi c h s can kh ng : c = ( 1,5 1,6)
M ckk = 1,6.5,23 = 8,4( Nm )
Mmen can do ma sat :

: f h s ma sat , vi trt ma sat na t
ly f = 0,01 - 0,1.
ly f = 0,015
P = m . g =2350.9,8=23030 (kG)
= 225694 ( N) :( 1kG = 9,8 (N)
Fms = P. f
Fms = 225694.0,015 = 3385( N )
M ms = Fms .R = 3385.0,135 = 457( Nm )
Tng mmen can tac dung ln khung la :
M = M cqt + M ckk + M cms + M cx = 1253 + 8,4 + 457 + 204 = 1922,4( Nm )
4. Tinh cng sut trn truc cac khung va chuyn cng

sut v trn truc 3 :
4.1) Khung mang 18 cun dy :
Cng sut trn truc khung : N k =
M k .n 2443.50
=
= 12,8( KW )
9550
9550
Chuyn cng sut v trn truc 3 bng cach nhn vi

hiu sut cua cac b truyn trn ng truyn, gm 2
cp banh rng, 3 cp , 1 b truyn ai .
48

2
3
N t 3 . Br
.d .Ol
= Nk
Cng thc tnh :
N t3 =
Nk
3
.d .Ol
2
Br
Tra bang cac thng s trn : Br = 0,97;d = 0,96;Ol = 0,99

Nt3 =
Nk
12,8
=
= 14,6( KW )
3
2
. d . Ol 0,97 .0,96.0,99 3
2
Br
4.2)Khung mang 12 cun dy :
Mcqt4
Cng sut trn khung : N k =
M k .n 1922,4.50
=
= 10( KW )
9550
9550
Chuyn cng M
sut
cqt3 v trn truc 3:
3
5
N t 3 . Br .d .Ol = N k
N t3 =
Cng thc tnh :
Nk
5
.d .Ol
3
Br
Tra bang cac thng s trn : Br = 0,97;x = 0,96;Ol = 0,99
Mcqt3
N t3 =
Nk
10
=
= 12( KW )
3
3
. d . Ol 0,97 .0,96.0,99 5
2
Br
Mcq
t1
Mc
qt2
I. 2) Tnh toan ng lc hoc cum may th hat t

ng c truyn n cac tang keo:
Fcms3
1. Phn tch cac lc tac dung ln tang keo :
Tang keo la b phn tao chuyn ng tnh tin trong
cms2
may . Ta phai tac F
dung
vao tang mt mmen quay co gia
tr ln hn tng cac mmen can. Bao gm :
- Momen can quan tnh do khi lng cua cac tang va
cac long cap phi gy ra
Fcms1
- Mmen can ma sat do khi lng cua dy cap gy ra
- Momen can masat cac khun gy ra.
- Mmen can ma sat do lc xon dy cap gy ra.
2. s tnh toan :
49
Hnh ve 4.4
3. Qua trnh tnh toan :
3.1) Tnh mmen can quan tnh M cqt1 , M cqt 2 do
lng cua cac tang gy
m1ra:
m3
Tnh khi lng cua cac tang : m = m1 + m2 +444
khi
m2
80
m3 - Lp 02 C1A
Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng
20
00
40
0
18
00
145
50
Hnh ve 4.5
m1 = 7800.V = 7800.S .l = .(12 0,9 2 ).0,444.7800 = 2066( kg )
m2 = 0,145.0,08.0,7.7800.6 = 380( kg )
m3 = .r 2 .l.7800 = 3,14.0,2 2.0,444.7800 = 435( kg )
m = 2066 + 435 + 380 = 2881( kg )
Tnh mmen quan tnh khi lng.

1
.2881.12 = 1440,5( kgm 2 )
2
.n 3,14.3,32
=
=
= 0,35 rad
s
30
30
2
2
= J qt1 . = 1440,5.0,35 = 176,5( Nm )
J qt1 =
Tnh mmen can : M cqt1

Hai tang co kch thc, khi lng va s vong quay
nh nhau nn co mmen can quan tnh bng nhau :
M cqt 2 = 176,5( Nm )
M cqt1 + M cqt 2 = 353( Nm )
3.2) Mmen can quan tnh
do khi lng
cua cac cun dy cap phi gy ra :
J qt 3 =
M cqt 3
1
0,25 2
.m3 .R32 = 80.
= 2,5 kgm 2
2
2
= J qt 3 . 2
M cqt 3 , M cqt 4
V
20,85
=
= 1,39 rad M cqt 3 = 2,5.1,39 2 = 4,83( Nm )
s
R3
0,25.60
Vi 18+12 cun dy ta co : M cqt 3 = (12 +18).4,83 = 145( Nm ) .
Mmen can M cqt 4 do khi lng cua cun cap ban

thanh phm gy ra, ta mun co dy cap in bn t ba
lp tr ln thi t cun dy cap 2-3 lp nay ta bn cac lp
tip theo vao .
Cac s liu cua cun dy cap ban thanh phm nay :
m4 = 560( kg ) ; R4 = 0,7( m )
51

1
1
.m 4 .R42 = .560.0,7 2 = 137,2( kgm 2 )
2
2
V
20,85
4 =
=
= 0,5 rad
s
R4
0,7.60
J qt 4 =
M cqt 4 = J qt 4 .42 = 137,2.0,5 2 = 34,3( Nm )
3.3) Fms1 lc can ma sat do khi lng cua dy gy ra :

max = 40( mm )
ng knh ln nht cua dy :
l = 10( m )
m = .R .l.D = 3,14.0,02 .10.7800 = 98( kg )

P = m.g = 98.9,8 = 960,4( kG ) = 960,4.9,8 = 9412( N )
2
H s ma sat gi thep va thep khng g (Inox): f=0,08

Fms1 = P. f = 9412.0,08 = 753( N )
3.4) Fms 2 do lc ep cua khun gy ra :
Lc ep co gia tr : F = 840 (N)

Fms 2 =840.0,15=126(N)
3.5) Fms 3 do momen xon gy ra :
Vi
khung
mang18
cun
dy
Mx
306
P3 =
=
= 1224( N )
l
0,25
Fms 3 = P3 . f = 1224.0,15 = 183,6( N )
Ma sat 18 dy : 18.183,6=3305 (N)
- Vi khung mang 12 cun dy .
P3 =
Fms 3
Mx
204
=
= 816( N )
l
0,25
= P3 . f = 816.0,15 = 122,4( N )
Ma sat 12 dy la : 12.122,4 = 1468 (N)

Tng cac lc ma sat tac dung ln dy :
Fms = Fms1 + Fms 2 + Fms 3 = 753 + 126 + 3305 + 1468 = 5652( N )
Quy lc ma sat thanh mmen can ma sat trn truc

tang :
Ban knh tang : R = 1 (m) M cms = Fms .R = 5652.1 = 5652( Nm )
Tng mmen can quy tt ca v trn truc cua tang :
M c = M cqt1 + M cqt 2 + M cqt 3 + M cqt 3 + M cms
= 176,5 +176,5 +145 + 34,3 + 5652 = 6184,3( Nm )
Vy tang keo c dy ta phai tac dung vao truc

tang mt mmen quay co gia tr ln hn hoc bng
mmen can .
4. Tnh cng sut trn truc tang va quy v trn truc 3 :
Cng sut trn truc tang : N tg =
M q .n
9550
= 2,15( Kw)
Chuyn cng sut trn truc tang v trn truc 3 bng

cach chia cho hiu sut cua cac b truyn :
52

4
8
N t 3 .BR
.X .Tv .Ol
= N tg
Cng thc tnh :
N t3 =
N tg
8
.X .Tv .Ol
4
BR
Tra bang cac hiu sut : Br = 0,97;Tv = 0,7;ol = 0,99;x = 0,96

thay
vao
cng
thc
trn
ta
co
:
Nt3 =
N tg
. X .Tv .
4
BR
8
Ol
2,15
= 3,92 4( KW )
0,97 .0,96.0,7.0,99 8
4
II. ) Tnh cng sut ng c :

Chon ng c in bao gm nhng vic chnh la chon
loai , kiu ng c , chon cng sut in ap , s vong
quay cua ng c.
Chon loai ng c ung th ng c se co tnh nng
lam vic phu hp vi yu cu truyn ng cua may ,
phu hp vi mi trng bn ngoai , vn hanh c an
toan , n nh.
Chon ung cng sut ng c co mt y ngha kinh t
va ky thut ln . Nu chon cng sut ng c be hn
cng sut phu tai th ng c lun lun lam vic qua tai ,
nhit tng qua nhit cho phep .ng c chong
hong . Nhng nu chon cng sut ng c ln qua th se
lam tng vn u t , khun kh cng knh, ng c
lun lam vic non tai , hiu sut cua ng c se thp .
Cn chu y n vic chon hp ly s vong quay cua
ng c in .
Cng sut
tng cng trn truc 3 la :
N t 3 = 14,6 + 12 + 4 = 30,6( KW )
Cng sut ng c : N DC =
N t 3 30,6
=
= 31,88 32( KW ) .
d
0,96
Chon loai ng c in xoay chiu banh rng pha v

cp tc co s vong quay 1500 (vg/ph) . Cng sut k
n h s cng sut cos :
N dc =
N dc
32
=
= 40( KW )
cos 0,8
Chng 5:
TNH TOAN THIT K CAC B TRUYN.

1. Tinh b thit k b truyn ai thang truyn t
ng c n truc 3 :
a)
Chon loai ai:Do phai lam
vic trong mi trng m t, nng ma tht thng
nn chon loai ai thang vai cao su lam vic thch hp
53

hn.Ta gia thit vn tc truyn V>5(m/s) nn ta co th
chon loai A hoc loai B tra theo bang 5.13-[2]
-Tit din ai
A
B
Kch thc tit din (a h) bang 5.11-[2]
13 8
17 10,5
Din tch tit din F(mm2)
81
138
a
o
b)
nh ng knh banh ai
nho,bang 5.14-[2]:
+D1(mm)
150
200
+Kim nghim vn tc cua ai
V=
nD1
60.1000
3,14.1500.D1
78,5.10 3.D1 (m/s)
60.1000
11
15,7
Vi co V<Vmax=(30 - 35)m/s) nn thoa man yu cu .
c)
ng knh banh ai ln :
D2 =
n2
150
.D1 .(1 ) =
(1 0,02) D1
n1
50
184
284
+Ly theo tiu chun D2,bang 5.15-[2]
250
+S vong quay thc:
n 2' = (1-0,02) .
D1
.n1 (v/p)
D2
180
1198
1176
Tnh sai s vong quay: n 2 =
( n 2' n 2 ).100
n2
(%).
0,17
54

Sai s khng ang k nn chon ng knh banh ai
ln nh vy la hp ly.
+Ty s truyn id =
d)
trucA :
n1
n2
1,25
1,28
Chon s b khoang cach
Asb = 1,5 D2 (mm) bang 5.16
e)
270
375
Tnh chiu dai ai L theo Asb

L = 2A +
( D D1 ) 2
( D2 + D1 ) + 2
(mm)
2
4A
1059
1458
L theo tiu chun
1120
+Kim nghim s vong chay u trong mt giy
u=
v
L
9,8
1500
10,5
Loai ai B khng thoa man iu kin u < U max =10. Nn

ta chon loai ai A thit k.
f)
Xac nh A theo L tiu chun :
Theo 5.2 (2)
A=
2 L ( D 2 + D1) +
[ 2 L ( D2
+ D1 )] 8( D2 D )
2
300
Kim tra iu kin
(5.19)-(2)
0,55(D2 + D1) + h A 2 (D2+ D1)
Loai A: 189,5 300 668 thoa man .
Khoang cach nho nht, cn thit mc ai:
Amin = A - 0,015L = 283,2(mm)
Khoang cach ln nht, cn thit tao lc cng.
Amax = A + 0,03.L = 333,6(mm)
g)
Tnh goc m
theo cng
thc (5.3) - (2)
1
174 0
=180-
D2 D1 o
57
A
Thoa K 1 120o
55

h)
(Z)
Xac nh s ai cn thit
Chon ng sut ban u 0 = 1,2 N/mm2
Tra bang 5.17-(2) th [ p ] 0 = 1,7 N/mm2
Bang
5.6 Ct
0,9
5.18 C
0,98
5.19 Cv
1
Z
1000 N
v. p 0 C t C a C v F
[ ]
,4
2
Ly s ai Z la
3
kch thc chu
i)
nh cac
yu cua banh ai:
Chiu rng banh ai:tnh theo cng thc (5-23)-(2)
B = (z-1).t +2S
52
Bang 10.3-(2)
t =16 ;s =10 ; ho =3,5
ng knh ngoai cung cua banh ai (5.24)-(2)
Banh dn : Dn1 = D1 + 2ho = 150 + 2.3,5 = 157 (mm)
Banh b dn :Dn2 = D2 + 2ho = 180 + 2.3,5 =
187(mm)
j)
Lc cng ban u So (5.25)(2)
So = ro.F = 1,2.F = 97 (N)
k)
Lc tac dung ln truc .
R = 3S o z.Sin
a1
2
= 871(N)
Vy b truyn ai loai A thoa man cac yu cu

lam vic
2.
Thit k b truyn xch:
Ty s truyn i = 1,25
a) Chon loai xch:
Ta chon xch ng con ln v re tin, lam vic khng oi
hoi phai m, khng n.
b) nh s rng a xch: S rng cua a xch cang t
th xch b mon cang nhanh, va p cua mt xch vao a
56

cang tang va xch lam vic n . Do o cn han ch s
rng cua a xch. Vy ta chon s rng a xch nho theo
bang 6 - 3 (TKCTM trang 105)
i = 1,25 = Z2//Z1 = 30/24 = 1,25
Trong o vi a xch dn Z1 = 24(rng)
a xch b dn Z2 = 30 (rng)
c) nh bc xch:
+Ta tnh h s iu kin s dung:K = K KAK0KcKbKc.
Trong o: + K = 1,2 : H s k n tai va p
+ KA = 1
: H s k n khoang cach
truc
+ K0 = 1
: H s k n b truyn t
0
nghing nho hn 60
+ Kc = 1,25 : H s tnh n kha nng iu
chnh truc xch khng c
+ Kb = 1,5 : H s k nd bi trn nh ky
+ Kc = 1
: H s lam vic mt ca
Vy K = 1,2.1.1.1,2.1,5.1 = 2,25.
+H s rng a dn: K Z =
Z 01 25
=
= 1,04
Z1
24
+H s s vong quay a dn: K n =
n01 600
=
= 1 ly
n1
600
n01 = 600 vg
ph
+Cng sut tnh toan:

Nt = K.KZ.Kn.N = 2,25.1,04.1.4 = 9,36(KW).
Da vao bang 6.4-[2] ng vi ct n 01 = 600(vg/ph) ta
chon c xch ng con ln mt day co bt xch: t =
19,05(mm) co F = 105,8 (mm 2) va cng sut cho phep [N] =
11,8 (KW), va ta se tm c kch thc chu yu bang
6.1 [2] , tai trong pha hong Q = 25000(N).
Kim nghim s vong quay theo iu kin n1 n gh .
Theo bang 6 - 5 vi bc xch t = 19,05 (mm) va s rng a
dn Z1 = 24, s vong quay gii han cua a dn co th
n 1500(vg/ph), nh vy iu kin c thoa man (
n1 = 600 vg )
ph
d) Tnh khoang cach truc A va s mt xch: Chon A sb

= 30t = 572 (mm)
Tnh s mt xch theo cng thc :
57

2
Z + Z 2 2 A Z1 Z 2 t
24 + 30
30 24 1
X = 1
+
+
=
+ 2.30 +
= 87
2
t
2
2 A
2.3,14 30
B truyn co s ln va p trong mt giy la:

u=
Z .n
24.1680
=
= 30
15 X
15.87
n = 30 < [ n] = 35
vi [n] co c bang6.7-[2]
+Tnh chnh xac A:
Tnh khoang cach truc theo cng thc :
2
A=
Z + Z2
Z + Z2 Z2 Z1
t
X 1
+ X 1
8
4
2
2 2
A=
19,05
24 + 30
24 + 30
30 24
= 741( mm )
87
+ 87
8
4
2
2
2.3,14
am bao vong bnh thng cua xch tranh

xch khoi qua cng, giam khoang cach truc mt khoang
A = 0,003.A 1,71(mm). Cui cung ta co khoang cach truc
A = 569 (mm).
e) Tnh ng knh vong chia cua a xch :
t
19,05
=
146( mm )
180
180
sin
sin
24
24
19,05
=
= 182( mm )
180
sin
30
Dc1 =
Dc 2
f)
Tnh lc tac dung ln truc:

Rx =
6.10 .K t .N
6.10 .1,15.4
=
= 1006( N ) .
Ztn
24.19,05.600
Ly h s Kt = 1,15
3.
Thit k b truyn truc vtbanh vt.

Truyn ng truc vt co u im : ty s truyn
ln, lam vic m khng n, co kha nng t ham. Ta chon
b truyn truc vt - banh vt cho ng truyn v cn
thay i phng truyn, va cn truyn c mt ty s
truyn ln. Tuy no co nhc im la hiu sut thp
nhit sinh nhiu, nhng iu kin lam vic cua may
thit k ta chon b truyn truc vt - banh vt vn thoa
man.
Cac thng s ban u:
Cng sut trn truc:
Pv = 4 (Kw)
S vong quay trn truc: n1 = 1344 (v/p), n2 = 33,2(v/p).
T s truyn
i = 40,5
58

a) Chon vt liu cho b truyn :
( s ) : chon vt liu banh
Gia thit vn tc trt Vt 5 m
vt la ng thanh thic B pO10-1 uc bng khun cat,

vt liu truc vt la thep 45 ti b mt co rn HRC =
45 50.
b) nh ng sut cho phep:
Theo bang 4 - 4,vi banh vt bng vt liu B pO10-1
uc trong khun cat co
[ ] tx = 160( N mm 2 ); [ ] ou = 50( N mm 2 ) .
* nh ng sut tip xuc cho phep:

S chu ky lam vic cua banh vt tnh theo cng thc:
N
'
td
Mi
= 60.
M
max
.ni .Ti
Gia s yu cu b truyn lam vic trong thi gian 8

nm, mi nm lam vic 300 ngay, mi ngay lam vic 8
gi. Tai trong khng thay i .
N td' = 60.33,2.14.8.300.10 = 4,78.10 7
Ta thy N td' 10 7 . Nn ng sut tip xuc cho phep se

bng ng sut tip xuc cho phep tra theo bang 4 - 4
c nhn vi h s chu ky ng sut :
Tnh h s chu ky ng sut : cng thc tnh K =
'
N
K N' = 8
10 7
N ' td
10 7
= 0,82
4,78.10 7
ng sut tip xuc cho phep:
[ ] tx = K N' .[ ] tx = 0,82.160 = 132( N mm 2 )
* nh ng sut un cho phep:

S chu ky lam vic tng ng cua banh vt :
N
''
td
Mi
= 60.
M
max
Do
tai
"
td
.ni .Ti
trong
=N
khng
'
td
thay
nn
=4,78.10
Nn ng sut un cho phep se bng ng sut un

cho phep tra theo bang 4 - 4 c nhn vi h s chu ky
ng sut :
59

Tnh
K
"
N
h
8
=
s
6
10
N " td
chu
=
ng sut un cho phep:
ky
ng
10
4,78.10 7
sut
=
0,62
[ ] ou = K N' .[ ] ou = 0,62.50 = 331( N mm 2 )
c) Tnh ty s truyn :
Ty s truyn : i = 40,5
Chon s mi ren cua truc vt va tnh s rng cua
banh vt.
Chon mi ren cua truc vt bng : Z1 =2.
S rng cua banh vt : Z2 = i . Z1 = 40,5.2 = 81 ( rng)
Khng co sai s vong quay truc ra.
d) S b chon gia tr hiu sut va h s tai
trong K:
Vi Z1 = 2, chon s b = 0,82 .
Cng sut trn banh vt: N 2 = .N 1 = 0,82.4 = 3,28( KW )
nh s b h s tai trong K = 1,2 ( gia thit V 2 < 3 m/s)
.
e) nh m va q :
Tnh m.3 q theo cng thc 4 - 9 :
1,45.10 6
m.3 q
[ ] tx .Z 2
K .N 2
1,45.10 6
.
=
160.81
n2
1,2.3,28
.
= 11,4
33,2
Ta co : m.3 q 11,4 . Ta chon q = 8 va m = 9 m.3 q = 18 .

f) Kim nghim vn tc trt, hiu sut va h
s tai trong:
Kim nghim vn tc trt theo cng thc :
Vt =
( )
m.n1
9.1344
. Z 12 + q 2 =
. 2 2 + 8 2 = 5,2 m .
s
19100
19100
Phu hp vi d oan khi chon vt liu banh v

tnh hiu sut cua b truyn, theo bang 4-8 ly
h s ma sat f = 0,023, do o gc ma sat bng =10 26 ' .
Vi Z1 = 2 va q = 8 theo bang 4 - 8, tm c gc vt
= 14 0 02 '
Hiu sut cua b truyn truc vt - banh vt c tnh

theo cng thc :
= ( 0,96 0,98).
tg
tg14 0 02 '
= 0,96.
= 0,85
tg ( + )
tg (14 0 02 ' + 10 26 ' )
Tr s hiu sut tm c khng chnh lch nhiu so

vi d oan, do o khng cn tnh lai cng sut trn
banh vt N2 :
60

Vn tc vong cua banh vt tnh theo cng thc:
.m.Z 2 .n2 3,14.9.81.33,2
m
V2 =
60.1000
60.1000
( s)
= 1,3
Do tai trong khng thay i va nh a gia thit trn V 2

< 3 (m/s), do o .
K = Ktt. Kd = 1.1,2 = 1,2
Phu hp vi d oan .
V vn tc V2 < 2 (m/s) nn co th ch tao b truyn
vi cp chnh xac 9.
g) Kim nghim ng sut un cua rng banh vt :
15.10 6.K .N 2
=
Kim nghim theo cng thc : u
.
m 3 .Z 2 . y.q.n2
Tnh s rng tng ng cua banh vt :
Z td =
Z2
81
=
= 86
3
cos 0,983
H s dang rng, tra bang (3-18) va ni suy nh sau :

0,517 0,511
.2 = 0,5128
20
15.10 6.1,2.3,28
= 6,7 N
< [ ] u
Tnh ng sut un : u = 3
mm 2
9 .81.0,5128.8.33,2
y = 0,511 +
h) nh cac thng s hnh hoc chu yu cua b

truyn :
Ap dung cac cng thc bang 4 - 3 .
M un cua b truyn : m = 9 (mm).
S mi ren cua truc vt : Z1= 2; s rng cua banh vt :
Z2 = 81 .
H s ng knh : q = 8
Goc n khp :
= 20 0
Goc vt
:
= 14 0 02 '
Khoang cach truc : A = 0,5.m.(q + Z 2 ) = 0,5.9.(8 + 81 ) =
400,5 (mm) .
V khng yu cu ly khoang cach truc A theo tiu
chun nn khng dung dch chnh : ( = 0) .
ng knh vong chia ( vong ln ) cua truc vt :
d c1 = d 1 = m.q = 9.8 = 72( mm )
ng knh vong nh cua truc vt :

De1 = d1 + 2.m = 72 + 2.9 = 90( mm ).
ng knh vong chn ren cua truc vt:
Di1 = d 1 2.m 2.c.m = 72 2.9 2.9.0,2 = 50,4( mm )
Ly c = 0,2.
61

Chiu dai phn co ren cua truc vt: tnh theo cng thc
bang 4 - 2:
L ( 11 + 0,06.Z2 ).m = ( 11 + 0,06.81).9 =
142,74(mm).
V truc vt sau khi gia cng con phai gia cng tinh bng
phng phap mai nn ta phai cng thm mt khoang L
khi mai chiu dai cng lai vn am bao .
L = L + 25 = 143 + 25 = 168 (mm)
tranh mt cn bng cho truc vt ta chon chiu dai
L bng mt s nguyn ln bc doc :
v
x=
L
L
168
=
=
= 5,9
ta
.m 3,14.9
Cho nn ly tron x = 6 va tnh lai chnh xac chiu dai

phn co ren se la :
L = 6.3,14.9 = 169,56 (mm).
ng knh vong chia ( vong ln) cua banh vt :
d c 2 = d 2 = m.Z 2 = 9.81 = 729( mm )
ng knh vong nh ( trong mt ct chnh) cua banh

vt .
De 2 = ( d 2 + 2.m) = 729 + 2.9 = 747( mm )
ng knh ngoai cung cua banh vt : tnh theo cng

thc trong bang 4 -1 :
Dn = De 2 + 1,5.m = 747 + 1,5.9 = 760,5( mm )
Chiu rng cua banh vt :tnh theo cng thc bang 4 - 2:

B = 0,75.De1 = 0,75.90 = 67,5(mm)
i) Tnh lc tac dung ln b truyn :
S lc tac
dung ln b truyn :
Pr2
P2
Pa
P1
2
Pa1
Pr1
Lc tac dung ln
b truyn :
Lc vong P1 trn truc vt bng lc doc truc P a2 trn
banh vt :
62

Ap
P1 = Pa 2
dung
cng
thc
-23.
2.9,55.10 6.N
2.9,55.10 6.4
=
=
= 790( N )
d 1 .n1
72.1344
Lc vong P2 trn banh vt bng lc doc truc P a1 trn

truc vt:
Ap
dung
cng
thc
4
-24:
P2 = Pa1 =
2.9,55.10 6.N 1 2.9,55.10 6.3,28

=
= 2588( N )
d 2 .n 2
729.33,2
Lc hng tm Pr1 trn truc vt bng lc hng tm

Pr2 trn banh vt :
Ap dung cng thc 3 -25 : Pr1 = Pr 2 = P2 .tg = 2588.tg 20 0 = 942( N )
4. Thit k hp giam tc :
4.1) Thit k b truyn banh rng cp nhanh :
a) Chon vt liu ch tao banh rng :
Banh nho : thep 45 thng hoa : b = 600 N /mm2
ch = 300 N /mm2
HB = 190, phi ren ( gia thuyt ng knh phi di
100 mm ).
Banh ln : thep 35 thng hoa : b = 480 N /mm2
ch = 240 N/mm2
HB = 160, phi ren ( gia thuyt ng knh phi t
300 500mm ).
b) nh ng sut tip xuc va ng sut un cho
phep :
S chu ky tng ng cua banh ln : gia s b
truyn co yu cu lam vic trong khoang thi gian 8 nm,
mi nm lam vic 300 ngay, mi ngay lam vic 10 gi.
May lam vic vi tai trong n nh:
Ap dung cng thc : N
'
td 2
Mi
= 60.u.
M
max
.ni .Ti = 60.ni .Ti .
N td2 = 60.375.8.300.10 = 54.107

S chu ky tng ng cua banh nho :
N td1 = i.N2 = 3,2.54.107 = 173.107
V s chu ky tng ng cua banh nho N td' 1 va s chu
ky tng ng cua banh ln N td' 2 u ln hn s chu ky
c s cua ng cong moi tip xuc .(N0 =107)
Do o h s chu ky ng sut k' N cua ca 2 banh rng
u bng 1.
63

ng sut tip xuc cho phep cua banh nho :
[] tx1 = 2,6.190 = 494 (N /mm2)
ng sut tip xuc cho phep cua banh ln :
[] tx2 = 2,6.160 = 416(N /mm2)
tnh sc bn ta ly tr s nho [] tx2 = 416(N
2
/mm )
ng sut un cho phep :
S chu ky tng ng cua banh ln :
Mi
N td 2 = 60.u.
M
max
Mi
V ty s
M max
.ni .Ti = 60.ni .Ti
ging nhau nn gia tr s chu ky
tng ng ging nhau. Va ca N td'' 1 va N td'' 2 u ln hn N0

''
= 5. 10 6 do o
"
N
= 1.
Gii han moi cua thep 45 la :

-1 = 0,43. 600 = 258 (N /mm2)
Va cua thep 35 la :
1 = 0,43.480 = 206,4 (N /mm2)
xac nh ng sut un cho phep, ly h s an
toan la n = 1,5 va h s tp trung ng sut chn rng K
= 1,8 (v la phi ren, thep thng hoa )
V banh rng quay 1 chiu va ng sut un thay i tho
chu ky mach ng, cho nn dung cng thc (3-5) tnh
ng sut un cho phep .
i vi banh nho :
1,5.258
=143
1,5.1,8
[ ] u1 =
(N /mm2)
i vi banh ln :
[ ] u 2
1,5.206,4
= 115
1,5.1,8
(N /mm2)
c) S b chon h s tai trong K = 1,3

d) Chon h s chiu rng banh rng A = 0,3
e) Tnh khoang cach truc A, Ly ' = 1,15.
Ap dung cng thc :
1,05.10 6
A ( i +1).
[ ] .i
tx
K .N
. . ' .n
A
2
(Theo cng
thc 3-9)
64

A (3,2 + 1)
1,05.10 6
416.3,2
1,3.13,8
0,3.1,15.375 =185( mm )
Ly
A = 200 (mm)
f) Tnh vn tc vong va chon cp chnh xac ch tao
banh rng :
2.. A.n
Vn tc vong tnh theo cng thc 3- 17: V = 60.1000.( i +1)

2.3,14.200.1200
Thay vao ta co V = 60.1000(3,2 +1) = 5,9 < 6 (m/s)

Vi vn tc nay co th ch tao banh rng theo cp
chnh xac 8 (bang 3-11, trang 46, [2])
g) nh chnh xac h s tai trong K :
V tai trong khng i va rn cua cac banh rng HB
< 350 nn Ktt = 1
Gia s b>
2,5.m n
, vi cp chnh xac 8 va vn tc <
sin
6m/s , tra bang 3-14, tm c K = 1,3

Do o : K = Ktt .K = 1.1,3 = 1,23
V tr s K khng chnh lch so vi d oan nn
khng cn tnh lai khoang
cach truc A va co th ly A
= 200( mm)
h) Xac nh moun, s rng, goc nghing cua rng va
chiu rng banh rng:
Moun phap :
mn = (0,01 0,02).300 = 2 4
ly mn = 3( mm)
S b chon goc nghing = 10o , cos = 0,985
Tng s 2 banh rng :
Ztd = Z1 + Z2 =
Ly Z = 132 (rng)
2. A. cos
2.200.0,985
=
= 131,3
m
3
S rng banh nho : Z1 =
Z td
132
=
= 31,4 . Ly tron Z1 =
i + 1 3,2 + 1
31 (rng)
S rng Z1 thoa man iu kin la ln hn tr s gii
han trong bang 3- 15.
S rng banh ln :
Z2 = 31.3,2 = 99 (rng)
Tnh chnh xac goc nghing : (Cng thc 3- 28)
Cos =
( Z 1 + Z 2 )mn ( 31 + 99 )
=
= 0,975 = 12 0 50 '
2. A
2.200
65

Chiu rng banh rng :
B = A . A = 0,3.200 = 60 (mm)
Chiu rng b thoa man iu
kin
>
2,5.mn
2,5.3
=
= 34,65 ( mm)
sin
sin 12 o 50 '
i) Kim nghim sc bn un cua rng khi chu qua tai

t ngt trong thi gian ngn :
Tnh s rng tng ng cua banh nho :
Zt1 =
Z1
31
=
= 33
3
cos (0,975) 3
S rng tng ng cua banh ln :

Zt2 =
Z2
99
=
= 107
3
cos ( 0,975) 3
H s dang rng cua banh nho y1 = 0,456

H s dang rng cua banh ln y2 = 0,517
Ly h s ' = 1,5
(theo bang 3- 18, trang 52, [2])
Kim nghim ng sut un tai chn rng banh nho :
Ap
dung
cng
thc
19,1.10 .K .N
u1 =
y.Z .n1 . m . " .mn2
Thay vao ta co : u1 =
/mm2)
vi m =
b 60
=
= 20
m
3
19,1.10 6.1,3.13,8
90
0,456.3 2.31.1200.20.1,5
(N
u1 < [ ] u1 = 143 (N /mm2)
Kim nghim ng sut un tai chn rng banh ln

(cng thc 3-40, trang 52, [2])
y1
0,456
= 90.
= 79,4 (N /mm2)
y2
0,517
< [ ] u 2 = 115 (N /mm2)
u 2 = u1
u2
j)
Cac thng s hnh hoc chu yu cua b :

Moun phap mn = 3( mm)
S rng banh nho Z1 = 31; banh ln Z2 = 99
Goc n khp n = 20o
Goc nghing = 9o
66

ng knh vong chia (vong ln)
d1 =
mn .Z 1
3.31
=
= 95,38 (mm) (bang 3- 2, trang 36,
cos
0,975
[2])
d2 =
mn .Z 2
3.99
=
= 304,62 ( mm)
cos
0,975
Khoang cach truc A = 200( mm)

Chiu rng banh rng b = 60 (mm)
ng knh vong nh rng ( bang 3- 2, trang 36, [2])
De1 = d1 + 2mn
= 95,38 + 2.3 = 101,38(mm)
De2 = d2 + 2mn
= 304,62 + 2.3 = 310,62(mm)
ng knh vong chn rng (bang 3- 2, trang 36, [2])
Di1 = d1 - 2,5mn
= 95,38 - 2,5.3 = 87,88(mm)
Di2 = d2 - 2,5mn
= 304,62 - 2,5.3 = 297,12(mm)
k) Tnh lc tac dung ln truc :
S tnh lc:
Pr
4
P4
P3 RBx
Pr2
P
Pa
Pa
1
P P
2.M x
Lc vong : P =
(cng thc 3- 50, trang1 54,
r1 [2])
d
=
2.9,55.10 6.13,8
= 2302 (N)
95,38.1200
Lc hng tm : Pr =
Lc doc truc :
P.tgn
2302.tg 20 o
=
= 859
cos
0,975
(N)
Pa = P.tg = 2302.tg 12o
67

Pa = 525 (N).
4.2) Thit k b truyn banh rng cp chm :
( chon b truyn banh rng tru rng thng )
a) Chon vt liu ch tao banh rng :
Banh nho : thep 45 thng hoa : b = 580 (N /mm2)
ch = 290 (N /mm2)
100 - 300 mm ).
Banh ln : thep 35 thng hoa : b = 480 (N /mm2)
ch = 240 (N /mm2)
300 500mm ).
b) nh ng sut tip xuc va ng sut un cho
phep :
S chu ky tng ng cua banh ln : gia s b
truyn co yu cu lam vic trong khoang thi gian 8 nm,
mi nm lam vic 300 ngay, mi ngay lam vic 10 gi.
May lam vic vi tai trong n nh:
Mi
Ap dung cng thc : N ' td 2 = 60.u.
M max
.ni .Ti = 60.ni .Ti .
N td2 = 60.150.8.300.10 = 21,6.107

S chu ky tng ng cua banh nho :
N td1 = i.N2 = 2,5 . 21,6. 107 = 54.107
V s chu ky tng ng cua banh nho N td' 1 va s chu
ky tng ng cua banh ln N td' 2 u ln hn s chu ky
c s cua ng cong moi tip xuc .(N0 =107)
Do o h s chu ky ng sut k' N cua ca 2 banh rng
u bng 1.
ng sut tip xuc cho phep cua banh nho :
[] tx1 = 2,6.190 = 494 (N /mm2)
ng sut tip xuc cho phep cua banh ln :
[] tx2 = 2,6.160 = 416(N /mm2)
tnh sc bn ta ly tr s nho [] tx2 = 416(N
2
/mm )
ng sut un cho phep :
S chu ky tng ng cua banh ln :
N
''
td 2
Mi
= 60.u.
M
max
.ni .Ti = 60.ni .Ti
68

M
i
ging nhau nn gia tr s chu ky
V ty s
M
max
tng ng ging nhau. Va ca N td'' 1 va N td'' 2 u ln hn N0

= 5. 10 6 do o
"
N
= 1.
Gii han moi cua thep 45 la :

-1 = 0,43. 580 = 249,4 (N /mm2)
Va cua thep 35 la :
1 = 0,43.480 = 206,4 (N /mm2)
xac nh ng sut un cho phep, ly h s an
toan la n = 1,5 va h s tp trung ng sut chn rng K
= 1,8 (v la phi ren, thep thng hoa )
V banh rng quay 1 chiu va ng sut un thay i
tho chu ky mach ng, cho nn dung cng thc (3-5)
tnh ng sut un cho phep .
i vi banh nho :
[ ] u1 =
1,5.249,4.1
=138,5
1,5.1,8
(N /mm2)
i vi banh ln :
[ ] u 2
1,5.206,4
= 115
1,5.1,8
(N /mm2)
c) S b chon h s tai trong K = 1,3

d) Chon h s chiu rng banh rng A = 0,4
e) Tnh khoang cach truc A:
2
1,05.10 6 K .N
Ap dung cng thc : A ( i +1).3

.
[ ] tx .i
A .n2
(Theo cng
thc 3-9)
A (2,5 + 1)
1,05.10 6
416.2,5
1,3.13,3
0,4.150 = 232( mm )
Ly
A = 234 (mm)
f) Tnh vn tc vong va chon cp chnh xac ch tao
banh rng :
2.. A.n
Vn tc vong tnh theo cng thc 3- 17: V = 60.1000.( i +1)

2.3,14.234.375
Thay vao ta co V = 60.1000( 2,5 +1) = 2,6 < 3 (m/s)

Vi vn tc nay co th ch tao banh rng theo cp
chnh xac 9 (bang 3-11, trang 46, [2])
69

g) nh chnh xac h s tai trong K :
V tai trong khng i va rn cua cac banh rng HB
< 350 nn Ktt = 1
H s tai trong ng K = 1,1 ( bang 3 - 13)
Do o : K = Ktt .K = 1.1,1 = 1,1
V tr s K chnh lch nhiu so vi d oan nn
cn tnh lai khoang
cach truc A .
A = A.3
1,1
= 221( mm )
1,3
ly A = 220 (mm)
h) Xac nh moun, s rng, va chiu rng banh rng:

Moun cua banh rng :
m = (0,01 0,02).A = (0,01 0,02).220 = 2,2 4,4.(mm)
ly mn = 3( mm)
2. A
2.220
S rng banh nho : Z1 = ( i +1).m = ( 2,5 +1).3 = 41,9 . Ly tron

Z1 =42 (rng)
S rng Z1 thoa man iu kin la ln hn tr s gii
han trong bang 3- 15.
S rng banh ln :
Z2 = i . Z1 =2,5.42= 105(rng)
Chiu rng banh rng :
B = A . A = 0,4.220 = 88 (mm) , Chon B = 90 (mm)
i) Kim nghim sc bn un cua rng khi chu qua tai
t ngt trong thi gian ngn :
H s dang rng cua banh nho : vi s rng Z1 = 42
ta
tra
bang
3-18
va
ni
suy
:
y1 = 0,476 +
0,49 0,476
.2 = 0,4788
10
H s dang rng cua banh ln y 2 = 0,517 . (theo bang

3- 18, trang 52, [2])
Kim nghim ng sut un tai chn rng banh nho :
Ap dung cng thc : u1 =
19,1.10 6.K .N
y.Z .n1 .B.m 2
Thay vao ta co : u1 =
19,1.10 6.1,1.13,3
45,8 (N /mm2)
0,4788.3 2.42.375.90
u1 < [ ] u1 = 138,5 (N /mm2)
Kim nghim ng sut un tai chn rng banh ln

(cng thc 3-40, trang 52, [2])
70

y1
0,4788
= 45,8.
= 42,4 (N /mm2)
y2
0,517
< [ ] u 2 = 115 (N /mm2)
u 2 = u1
u2
j)
Cac thng s hnh hoc chu yu cua b :

Moun banh rng m = 3( mm)
S rng banh nho Z1 = 42; banh ln Z2 = 105.
Goc n khp n = 20o
ng knh vong chia (vong ln):
d1 = m.Z 1 = 3.42 = 126 (mm) (bang 3- 2, trang 36, [2])
d2 = m.Z 2 = 3.105 = 315 ( mm)
Khoang cach truc: A =
126 + 315
= 220,5
2
( mm)
Chiu rng banh rng b = 90 (mm)

ng knh vong nh rng ( bang 3- 2, trang 36, [2])
De1 = d1 + 2m = 126 + 2.3 = 132(mm)
De2 = d2 + 2m = 315 + 2.3 = 321(mm)
ng knh vong chn rng (bang 3- 2, trang 36, [2])
Di1 = d1 - 2,5m = 126 - 2,5.3 = 118,5(mm)
Di2 = d2 - 2,5mn = 315 - 2,5.3 = 307,5(mm).
k) Tnh lc tac dung ln truc :
Lc vong : P =
P =
2.M x
(cng thc 3- 50, trang 54, [2])
d
2.9,55.10 6.13,3
= 5376 (N)
126.375
Lc hng tm : Pr = P1 .tg 20 0 = 1956 (N)

4.3) Thit k b truyn xch trong hp giam tc dung
ao chiu :
Ty s truyn i = 3
a) Chon loai xch:
Ta chon xch ng con ln v re tin, lam vic khng oi
hoi phai m, khng n.
b) nh s rng a xch: S rng cua a xch cang t
th xch b mon cang nhanh, va p cua mt xch vao a
cang tng va xch lam vic n . Do o cn han ch s
rng cua a xch qua t. Vy ta chon s rng a xch
nho theo bang 6 - 3 (TKCTM trang 105)
i=
n1 375
=
= 2,5
n2 150
Trong o vi a xch dn Z1 = 26(rng)

a xch b dn Z2 = i. Z1 = 2,5.26 = 65(rng)
71

c) nh bc xch:
+Ta tnh h s iu kin s dung:K = K KAK0KcKbKc.
Trong o: + K = 1,2 : H s k n tai va p
+ KA = 1
: H s k n khoang cach
truc
+ K0 = 1
: H s k n b truyn t
0
nghing nho hn 60
+ Kc = 1,25 : H s tnh n kha nng iu
chnh truc xch khng c
+ Kb = 1,5 : H s k nd bi trn nh ky
+ Kc = 1
: H s lam vic mt ca
Vy K = 1,2.1.1.1,2.1,5.1 = 2,25.
+ H s rng a dn: K Z =
Z 01 25
=
= 0,96
Z1
26
+ H s s vong quay a dn: K n =
n01 400
=
= 1,07 ly
n1
375
n01 = 400 vg
ph
+Cng sut tnh toan:

Nt = K.KZ.Kn.N = 13,8..2,25.0,96.1,07 = 31,89(KW).
Da vao bang 6.4-[2] ng vi ct n 01 = 400(vg/ph) va
[ N ] t 31,89 . Ta chon c xch ng con ln mt day co
bt xch: t = 31,75(mm) . Nhng bc xch ta chon tng
i dai nn ta chon lai bc xch lai ngn hn sau o ta
tang s day xch ln:
Ta chon bc xch t = 25,4 (mm). Co cng sut cho
phep : [ N ] t = 19,8( KW )
Tnh s day xch : x =
Nt
31,89
=
= 1,6 . Chon x = 2 day
[ N ] t 19,8
xch .
Ta co cac thng s cua xch: t = 25,4 (mm);
[ N ] t = 19,8( KW ) ; Q = 50000(N)
Kim nghim s vong quay theo iu kin n1 n gh .
Theo bang 6 - 5 vi bc xch t = 19,05 (mm) va s rng a
dn Z1 = 26, s vong quay gii han cua a dn co th
n 1500(vg/ph), nh vy iu kin c thoa man (
n1 = 375 vg )
ph
d) Tnh khoang cach truc A va s mt xch: ta co

khoang cach truc chnh la khoang cach gia hai truc lp
banh rng. Nn A = 220,5 (mm)
72

Tnh s mt xch theo cng thc :
2
X =
Z1 + Z 2 2 A Z1 Z 2 t
26 + 65
220,5 65 26 25,4
+
+
=
+ 2.
+
= 67,3
2
t
2
A
2
25,4 2.3,14 220,5
Chon X = 67 mt xch.
B truyn co s ln va p trong mt giy la:
u=
Z .n
26.375
=
= 9,7
15 X
15.67
n = 9,7 < [ n] = 30
vi [n] co c bang6.7-[2]
am bao vong bnh thng cua xch tranh
xch khoi qua cng, giam khoang cach truc mt khoang
A . Nhng co cp banh rng nn khng th giam khoang
cach truc c, v vy ta chon phng an khac la tng
thm mt mt xch Cui cung ta co s mt xch X = 68
mt :
e) Tnh ng knh vong chia cua a xch :
V khoang cach truc lun c nh nn nu tnh theo
cng thc th ng knh cua cac a xch qua ln khng
th lp vao truc c. Nn vi khoang cach truc A =
220,5 (mm) ta co th ly ng knh a xch gn ung :
Dc1 = 86(mm) Dc2 = 180(mm).
f)
Tnh lc tac dung ln truc:
Rx =
6.10 7 .K t .N
6.10 7 .1,05.13,8
=
= 3496( N ) .
Ztn
26.24,5.375
Ly h s Kt = 1,05
4.4) Tnh ly hp ao chiu :
Ta chon ly hp ma sat : Ly hp ma sat c dung
ni hoc tach cac truc trong bt ky luc nao, du vn tc
truc dn co chnh lch nhiu so vi vn tc truc b
dn th cuing khng xay ra va p .
Ly hp ma sat co nhiu loai, ta chon loai ly hp a
ma sat co cu tao n gian, vn am bao c yu cu
lam vic.
a) Cu tao ly hp a ma sat
D
Q
D1
b) Tnh toan ly hp a ma sat :
73

Chon ng knh trung bnh Dtb :
Chon
ng
knh
trung
bnh
theo
cng
thc
Dtb = ( 2,5 4 ) d . Trong o ng knh la ng knh truc lp
a ma sat. ng knh truc ta ly bng 65 (mm) :

Dtb = 3,2.65 = 208( mm ) .
Theo ng knh trung bnh Dtb, nh ng knh
ngoai ng knh va ng knh knh trong D1 cua a,
thng ly theo cng thc sau:
D = 1,25.Dtb = 1,25.208 = 260( mm )
D1 = 0,75.Dtb = 0,75.208 = 156( mm )
Tnh lc ep Q cn thit :
Tnh theo cng thc : Q =
2.K .M x
f .Dtb
Vi f la h s ma sat, tra bang 9-13: Chon s b vt

liu lam cac a ma sat la gm kim loai vi thep ti, co
h s ma sat f = 0,40
Mmen xon trn truc 3 la : Mx = 846766 ( Nmm )
2.1.846766
= 20354( N )
Thay vao ta co : Q =
0,4.208
K h s tai trong ng ly K = 1.
Chon vt liu lam b mt ma sat va kim nghim
ap sut :
Theo cng thc :
p=
.( D 2 D12 )
4
20354
3,14
260 2 156 2
4
= 0,5 N
mm 2
) [ p]
tra bang 9-13,
vy chon vt liu a ma sat la gm kim loai va thep

khng bi trn.
Vn
tc
vong
trung
bnh
:
.Dtb .n 3,14.208.150
m
V =
60.1000
60.1000
( s)
= 1,63
4.5)Tnh toan thit k truc va then.

4.5.1) Tnh ng knh s b cua cac truc ( Theo
cng thc 7-2 , [1])
d C3
i vi truc I :
N
n
N = 14,8 (kW)
n = 1200(vg/ph)
74

C : H s phu thuc ng sut xon cho
phep,
i
vi
u
truc
vao
va truc truyn chung co th ly C = 120.
dI = 120
i vi truc II :
N = 13,8( kW)
n = 375 vg/ph
dII = 120 3
i vi truc III :
14,6
= 28 (mm)
1200
13,8
= 40 (mm)
375
N = 13,3 (kW)
n = 150 (vg/ph )
dIII = 120
13,3
= 54 (mm)
150
chun b cho bc tnh gn ung, trong 3 tr s

dI , dII , dIII , trn ta co th ly tr s dII = 40(mm) chon
loai bi chn c trung bnh. Theo bang 148 trang 339, ta co
chiu rng B = 24(mm)
Tnh gn ung truc, ta chon cac kch thc sau:
Khe h gia cac banh rng : 10 (mm)
Khe h gia banh rng va thanh trong cua
hp : 14 mm
Chiu rng banh ai : 192( mm)
Chiu rng banh rng cp nhanh : 60 mm
Chiu rng banh rng cp chm : 90 mm
Tng hp cac kch thc phn t trn ta
tm c chiu dai cac oan truc cn thit
va khoang cach gia cac gi :
a =
66(mm)
B
B
60
24
+ 14 +10 + ol = + 14 + +10 =
2
2
2
2
60
90
+ 19 +
= 84 (mm)
2
2
90
c=
+ 100 + 42 + 14 + 9 + 12 = 222 (mm)
2
b=
l=
Bd Bol
+
+ 10 + 12 = 130 mm
2
2
75
222
84
66
4.5.2) Tnh gn ung truc:

Truc I :
y lc : P1 = 2302 (N)
Pr1 = 859 (N )
Pa1 = 525 (N)
L1 = 66 (mm); L2 = 84+222 = 306 (mm)
Mx
9,55.10 6.N
9,55.10 6.14,6
=
n
1200
117783( N.mm)
Tnh phan lc cac gi truc :
mAy = Pr1 306 Pa1 .48 R By .372 = 0
RBy =
Pr1 .306 Pa1 48 859.306 525.48

=
= 774( N )
372
372
RAy = - Pr1 - RBy = 0 -859 + 774 = -85(N)

mAx = P1.306+ -RBx.372 = 0
RBx =
P1 .306 2302.306
=
= 1894 (N)
372
372
RAx = -P1 - RBx = -2302+ 1894 = -408 (N)

Tnh mmen un nhng tit din nguy him.
tit din n - n
Mu m - m = M uy 2 + M ux 2
Trong o :
76

M uy =
R Ay .306 Pa1 .
d1
R By .66 = 85.306 859.48 + 774.66 = 16158( Nmm )
2
Mux = R Ax .306 - RBx 66 = -408.306+1894.66

= 156(Nmm)
Mu n - n = 16158 2 +156 2 = 16159 (Nmm)
Tnh ng knh truc 2 tit din n - n va m - m
theo cng thc (7-3)
d 3
M t
(mm)
0,1.[ ]
ng knh truc tit din n - n:

y : Mt = M 2 u + 0,75.M 2 x
Mt = 16159 +0,75.117783
103275( Nmm)
[] = 50 N/mm2 (bang 7-2)
2
dn - n
103275
= 27 (mm)
0,1.50
ng knh tit din n - n ly bng

35( mm )
Biu momen cua truc I :
RAy
RAy
Pa1
P1
Pr1
A
306
B
66
Muy
156
16158
Mux
Truc II :
y : P2 = 2302(N )
117783
d2 = 304,62 (mm)
Mx
77

Pr2 = 859 (N)
Pa2 = 525(N)
P3 = 5376 (N )
Pr3 = 1956 (N )
Mx =
L1 = 222 (mm)
L2 = 84 (mm)
L3 = 66 (mm)
9,55.10 6.N
9,55.10 6.13,8
=
= 351440(N.mm).
n
375
Tnh phan lc cac gi :

d2
+ RDy 372 = 0
2
P .306 Pa 2 .152,31 Pr 3 .222
= r2
372
mCy = Pr3 .222 - Pr2 .306 + Pa2

RDy
RDy = =
859.306 525.152,31 1956.222

= 676( N )
372
RCy = Pr3 + RDy- Pr2 = 859 +676 - 1956 = -412(N).

mCx = P3 .222 - P2 306 - RDx 372 = 0
P3 .222 P2 .306 5376.222 2302.306
=
= 1315( N )
372
372
RDx =
RCx = P3 - P2 + RDx = 2302 - 5376 - 1315 = -
4389 (N)
Tnh momen un nhng tit din nguy him.
tit din m - m :
Mu e - e = M 2 uy + M 2 ux
Muy = Rcy .222 Pa 2
d2
+ Pr 2 .84 R Dy .150
2
= -412.222 - 525.152,31 + 859.84 + 676.150

= 2129 (Nmm)
Mux = RCx 222 + P2 .84 R Dx .150
= -4389.222 + 2302.84 - 1315.150 = 978240(Nmm)
Mu e - e = 978240 2 + 2129 2 = 978242 ( N.mm)
ng knh tai tit din m - m
de - e 3
Mt
M t
0,1.[ ]
Mt
=
978242 +0,75.351440 = 1024495 (Nmm)
[ ] = 50 (N/mm2 )(bang 7-2, trang 119 )
2
dm - m
M 2 u + 0,75.M 2 x
1024495
= 58,9 mm
0,1.50
78

Ly ng knh truc tai tit din m - m la 60
(mm).
Tnh momen un tai tit din e - e:
Mu e - e = M uy 2 + M ux 2
Muy = RCy .306 + Pr 3 .84 R Dy .66 Pa 2 .152,31
= - 412 .306 + 1956.84 + 676.66 - 525.182,31 =
2885(Nmm)
Mux = RCx .306 + P.84 RDx .66
= -04389.306 +5376.84 1315.66 = -978240(Nmm)
Mu e - e = 2885 2 + 978240 2 = 978244 (Nmm)
ng knh tai tit din e - e
Mt
= M 2 u + 0,75.M 2 x =
978244 2 +0,75.351440 2 =1024497
Nmm
di -i
1024497
= 58,9 mm
0,1.50
Ly ng knh truc tai tit din e - e bng

60 (mm)
Biu mmen truc II :
e RCy
e
mRDy
m
RDx
RCx
Pr2
P3
Pr3
C
D
P3
Pa2
222
66
84
2129
2885
Muy
978240
978244
Mux
351440
Truc III :
y : P4 = 5376( N)
Pr4 = 1956( N)
Rd = 1652 (N)
Mx =
Mx
9,55.10 6.N
9,55.10 6.13,3
=
= 846766( Nmm )
n
150
79

Tnh phan lc cac khi truc
mEy = - Rd .130 + RFy.372 + Pr4.222 = 0
RFy =
Rd .130 Pr 4 .222 1652.130 1956.222

=
= 590 (N)
372
372
REy = Rd +Pr4 - RFy = 1562 + 1956 + 590 =

4108(N)
mEx = P4 .222 - RFx .372 = 0
RFx =
P4 .222 5376.222
=
= 3208 ( N)
372
372
REx = P4 - RFx = 5376 - 3208 = 2168 (N).

Tnh momen un tit din chu tai ln nht
Tnh momen un tai tit din i - i:
Mu i-i = M uy 2 + M ux 2
Muy = -Rd .130 + Pr 4 .222 RFy .372
= -1652.130 + 1956.222 + 590.372 =
438952(Nmm)
Mux = P4 .222 + RFx .372
= 5376.222 - 3208.372 = 96 (Nmm)
Mu e - e = 438952 2 + 96 2 = 438952 (Nmm)
Mt = M 2 u + 0,75.M 2 x
Mt = 438953 +0,75.846766 = 854657 N.mm
Theo bang 7-2 TLTKCTM ta co [] = 50 N/mm2
2
di - i =
854657
= 55 (mm).
0,1.50
Chon ng knh oan truc bng 55 (mm)

Tnh momen un tai tit din j - j:
Mu i-i = M uy 2 + M ux 2
Muy = -Rd .352 + REy .222 RFy .150
= -1652.352 + 4108.222 + 590.150 =
418972(Nmm)
Mux = R Ex .222 R Fx .150
= 2168.222 - 3208.150 = 96 (Nmm)
Mu e - e = 418972 2 + 96 2 = 418972 (Nmm)
Mt = M 2 u + 0,75.M 2 x
Mt = 418972 +0,75.846766 =844569 (N.mm)
Theo bang 7-2 TLTKCTM ta co [] = 50 N/mm2
2
i - i 3
844569
= 55 (mm).
0,1.50
80

Chon ng knh oan truc bng 60 (mm)
Biu mmen truc III :
J- j
Rd
REy
130
RR
FxFy
REx
Pr4
i-i
F
P4
222
438952
150
418972
Mx
Muy
96
Mux
846766
4.5.3) Tnh chnh xac truc :

Ta ch tnh chnh xac hai tit din bt ky v
khi lng cng vic tng i nhiu.
Tnh chnh xac truc theo cng thc 7-5, [2]
n .n
[ n]
n=
2
2
n +n
V truc quay nn ng sut phap (un) bin
i theo chu k i xng
a = max = min =
Mu
; m = 0
W
1
K
Vy
. a
0 .
B truyn lam vic mt chiu nn ng sut
tip (xon) bin i theo chu ky mach ng
n =
81

ma M x
=
2
2W0
1
n =
k
Vy
. a + . m
.
a =m =
Gii han moi un va xon

1 = 0,45. b = 0,45.600 = 270 N/mm2
( truc bng thep 45 co b = 600 N/mm2)
1 = 0,25. b = 0,25.600 = 150 N/mm2
Tai tit din n - n : ta co Mu = 16159 (Nmm) ; Mx =

117783(Nmm)
a =
M u 16159
=
= 4,42 (N/mm2 )
W
3600
W = 3600 mm3 , W0 = 7870 mm3 ( bang 7-3b, vi

ng knh truc 35mm)
a =m =
M x 117783
=
= 7,48 (N/mm2 )
2W0 2.7870
Chon h s va theo vt liu . i vi

thep cacbon trung bnh
= 0,1 va = 0,05 . H s tng bn = 1
Theo bang 7-4, trang123, [1], ly = 0,86 ; =
0,75
Theo bang 7-8, trang127, [1], k = 1,63 ; k = 1,5
T s
k
k
1,63
1,5
=
= 1,9 ; =
=2
0,86
0,75
Tp trung ng sut do lp cng, vi kiu lp ta

chon T3 ap sut sinh ra trn b mt ghep 30 N/mm2,
tra bang 7-10, [2] ta co :
= 2,65
k
k
= 1 + 0,6( 1) = 1 + 0,6(2,65 1) = 2
270
= 23,1
2,65.4,42
150
n =
= 9,8
2.7,48 + 0,05.7,48
n =
82

23,1.9,8
n=
23,12 + 9,8 2
= 9,02
Vy n > [n ] . H s an toan cho phep [n ]

thng ly bng 1,5 - 2,5
Tai tit din i - i : ta co Mu = 438953 (Nmm) ; Mx =
846766(Nmm)
a =
M u 438953
=
= 30,2 (N/mm2 )
W
18766
a =m =
Mx
846766
=
= 13,7 (N/mm2 )
2W0
2.7870
W = 18766 mm3 ; W0 = 7870 mm3 ( bang 7-3b,vi ng

knh 60mm)
Theo bang 7-4, trang123, [1], ly = 0,78 ; = 0,67
Theo bang 7-8, trang127, [1], k = 1,63 ; k = 1,5, H s
tng bn = 1,65
T s
k
1,63
=
= 2,1
0,78
k
1,5
=
= 2,25
0,67
Tp trung ng sut do lp cng, vi kiu lp ta

chon T3 ap sut sinh ra trn b mt ghep 30 N/mm2,
tra bang 7-10, [2] ta co :
= 3,3
k
k
= 1 + 0,6( 1) = 1 + 0,6(3,3 1) = 2,38
270
= 7,3
1
3,3.
.30,2
1,65
150
n =
= 7,3
1
2,38.
.13,7 + 0,05.13,7
1,65
4,5.7,3
n=
= 3,8
4,5 2 + 7,3 2
n > [n ] . H s an toan
n =
Vy
cho phep [n ]
thng ly bng 1,5 - 2,5
4.6)Tnh then :
c nh banh rng theo phng tip tuyn, noi
cach khac la truyn momen va chuyn ng t truc
83

n banh rng hoc ngc lai ta dung then. Then co
nhiu loai, ta chon loai then bng thit k .
* Ta tnh then cho oan truc dung lp banh rng co
ng knh d = 60(mm)
Tra bang 7 -23 ta chon then co cac thng s sau :
b = 18, h = 11 , t = 5,5 ; t 1= 5,6 ; k = 6,8 .Chiu dai then
0,8lm (lm -chiu daimay), banh rng co chiu rng B =
60(mm),
chon
lm
theo
iu
kin
lm B
l m = (1,2 1,5).d = (1,2 1,5).60 = 72 90
Chon lm = 80(mm)
Kim nghim v sc bn dp theo cng thc
7-11.
d =
y :
2.M x
[ ] d N / mm 2
dkl
Mx = 978240 (Nmm)
d =
2.978240
= 60 < [ ] d
60.6,8.80
Theo bang 7-20, ta co [ ] d = 100 N / mm 2 .Thoa man iu

kin.
Kim nghim sc bn ct theo cng thc 7-12,
[2]
2.M x 2.978240
=
= 22,6 < [ ] c
dbl
60.18.80
Tra bang 7 - 21 ta co : [ ] c = 87 N / mm 2
c =
Vy then a chon thoa man iu kin lam

vic:
* Ta tnh then cho oan truc dung lp banh rng co
ng knh
d = 35(mm). Tra bang 7 -23 ta chon then co cac thng s
sau:b = 10, h = 8 , t =4,5; t1= 3,6 ; k = 4,2 . Chiu dai then
0,8lm (lm -chiu dai may), banh rng co chiu rng B =
60(mm), chon lm theo iu kin
lm B
l m = (1,2 1,5).d = (1,2 1,5).60 = 72 90
Chon lm = 80(mm)
Kim nghim v sc bn dp theo cng thc
7-11.
d =
y :
2. M x
[ ] d N / mm 2
dkl
Mx = 117783 (Nmm)
84

d =
[2]
2.117783
= 20 < [ ] d
35.4,2.80
Theo bang 7-20, ta co [ ] d = 100 N / mm 2 .Thoa man iu

kin.
Kim nghim sc bn ct theo cng thc 7-12,
2.M x 2.117783
=
= 5 < [ ] c
dbl
60.10.80
Tra bang 7 - 21 ta co : [ ] c = 87 N / mm 2
c =
4.7)
Vy then a chon thoa man iu kin lam

vic:
4.7) Thit k gi truc:
V truc I va truc II co lc doc truc nn ta chon bi
chn.Con i vi truc III chon bi .
4.7.1) Chon cho truc I:
S chon cho truc I:
A
B
Pa1
RA
RB
SA
SB
Ta co : Pa1 = 525 [N]
V co lc hng tm ln nn chon ua cn lam gi
truc.
Chon s b = 16o.
H s kha nng lam vic tnh theo cng thc
C = Q ( n.h ) 0, 3 Cbang
n = 1200 [vg/ph]
h = 8.300.10= 24000[gi]
m = 1,5 - h s chuyn tai trong doc truc v
tai trong hng tm.
2
2
R A = R Ax
+ R Ay
= 408 2 + 85 2 = 418[ N ]
2
2
R B = R Bx
+ R By
= 1894 2 + 774 2 = 2046[ N ]
Kt = 1; tai trong tnh.
Kn = 1; nhit lam vic di 100
Kv = 1 - h s xet n vong nao cua la vong
quay
SA = 1,3.RA.tg = 1,3.418.tg16o = 156[N]
85

SB = 1,3.RB.tg = 1,3.4186.tg16o = 762[N]
At = SA + Pa1 - SB = 156 + 525 - 762 = - 81 [N]
Nh vy lc At hng v gi truc bn trai truc,
Phan lc tai gi B ln hn gi A nn ta tnh cho
gi B sau o ly cung loai cho gi A :
Q = (Kv.RB + m.At).Kn.Kt
= (2046 + 1,5.81).1.1 = 2168 [N] = 216,8[daN]
Thay vao cng thc trn ta co :
C = 216,8.(1200.24000)0,3 = 37486,6
Tra bang 18P, ng vi d = 30(mm ) chon co k hiu
7206, Cbang = 43000,
ng knh ngoai D = 62mm, b rng B = 16mm.
4.7.2)
Chon cho truc II :
S chon cho truc II:
C
RC
D
Pa2
RD
SC
SD
Ta co : Pa1 = 525 [N]

V co lc hng tm ln nn chon ua cn lam gi
truc.
Chon s b = 16o.
C = Q ( n.h ) 0, 3 Cbang
n = 375 [vg/ph]
h = 8.300.10= 24000[gi]
tai trong hng tm.
2
2
RC = RCx
+ RCy
= 412 2 + 4389 2 = 4408[ N ]
2
2
RD = RDx
+ R Dy
= 676 2 +1315 2 = 1478[ N ]
Kt = 1; tai trong tnh.
Kn = 1; nhit lam vic di 100
Kv = 1 - h s xet n vong nao cua la vong
quay
SC = 1,3.RC.tg = 1,3.4408.tg16o = 1643[N]
SD = 1,3.RD.tg = 1,3.1478.tg16o = 550 [N]
At = SD + Pa2 - SC = 550 + 525 - 1643 = 568 [N]
Nh vy lc At hng v gi truc bn trai truc,
86

Phan lc tai gi C ln hn gi D, nn ta tnh cho
gi C sau o ly cung loai cho gi D :
Q = (Kv.RC + m.At).Kn.Kt
= (4408 + 1,5.568).1.1 = 5260 [N] = 526[daN]
Thay vao cng thc trn ta co :
C = 526.(375.24000)0,3 = 64159
7210, Cbang = 82000,
ng knh ngoai D = 90mm, b rng B = 22mm.
4.7.3) Chon cho truc III :
S chon cho truc III:
RE
RF
C = Q ( n.h ) 0, 3 Cbang
n = 150 [vg/ph]
h = 8.300.10= 24000[gi]
tai trong hng tm.
2
2
R E = R Ex
+ R Ey
= 4108 2 + 2168 2 = 4645[ N ] = 464,5( daN )
2
2
R F = R Fx
+ R Fy
= 590 2 + 3208 2 = 3262[ N ] = 326,2( daN )
Phan lc tai gi E ln hn F, nn ta chon gia tr
tai gi E tnh gi sau o chon cung loai cho gi
F: Q = RE.
C = 464,5.(150.24000)0,3 = 43040
310, Cbang = 72000,
ng knh ngoai D = 110(mm), b rng B =
27(mm).
.C nh theo phng doc truc :
c nh truc theo phng doc truc co th
dung np va iu chnh khe h cua bng cac
tm m kim loai gia np va thn hp giam tc.
4.8)Cu tao vo hp va cac chi tit khac :
.Vo hp : Chon vo hp uc.
.Chiu day thn hp :
= 0,025A + 3 = 8,5 9(mm)
87

.Chiu day thanh np hp
1 = 0,02.A + 3 = 7,4 ly = 8 (mm)
.Chiu day mt bch di cua thn
b = 1,5 = 1,5.9 = 13,5 (mm)
.Chiu day mt bch trn cua np :
b1 = 1,5. 1 = 12 (mm)
.Chiu day hp khng co phn li
p = 2,35. = 2,35.9 = 21( mm)
.Chiu day gn thn hp
m = (0,85 1). = (17 20) = 18( mm)
.Chiu day gn np hp
m1 = (0,85 1) 1 = 0,88.8 = 8(mm).
.ng knh bulng nn :
dn = 0,036.A + 12 mm = 20(mm).
.ng knh cac bulng khac :
. cach : d1 = 0,7.dn = 14 (mm). Ly
16(mm).
. Ghep np vao thn : d2 = (0,5 0,6)dn =
10 (mm)
. Ghep np : d3 = (0,4 0,5)du = 8 (mm)
. Ghep np ca thm : d4 = (0,3 0,4)dn =
6 (mm)
ng knh bulng nn chon theo trong lng
hp giam tc, hoc co th tnh theo cng thc kinh
nghim sau.
n=
L+B
200 300
L: chiu dai hp giam tc, ly L = 1000(mm)

B : chiu rng hp giam tc, ly B = 600(mm)
Thay vao ta co : n =
1000 + 600
= 6,4
250
Vy ta chon s bulng : 6(chic)

Do vn tc nho nn chon phng phap ngn cac
banh rng trong hp du. Theo bang W - 17 , chon
nht cua du bi trn banh rng 500 la centistc hoc
11 Engle va theo bang 10 - 20 chon loai du AK - 20
CHNG 6.
88

QUI NH VN HANH, HNG DN S
DUNG, BI TRN VA BAO DNG MAY.
6.1.Qui nh vn hanh :
May xon dy cap in 18 - 12 dy co qua trnh iu
khin khng qua phc tap. Nhng qua trnh chun b cho
san xut tng i phc tap, mt nhiu thi gian phai
co h thng cu truc phuc vu va cn t nht hai
cng nhn ng may chun b cho qua trnh san xut.
am bao an toan cho ngi s dung, an toan chung
cho xng san xut, va cac thit b may moc, h thng
in iu khin cung nh nng cao tui tho va bn
may, yu cu n v s dung va ngi vn hanh may
phai thc hin ung cac qui nh :
+May phai c lp t ni kh rao trong nha
xng va phai co mai che. Lp may phai u cng
vng. V may co b phn quay ln va mang nhiu cun
dy cap cung quay nn xung quanh may phai co li chn
phong cac cun dy cap phi b tung ra trong qua trnh
quay.
+Thc hin ung cac ni qui v an toan lao ng.
+ Treo bang nguy him cm khng cho ngi khng co
phn s n gn may trong qua trnh san xut.
+i vi ngi vn hanh :
-Phai c ao tao va am hiu v s dung may
moc c kh.
-Phai hiu chu trnh lam vic cua may va cac thao tac
vn hanh.
-Phai thc hin ung qui trnh vn hanh may (kem
theo).
-Khng t y iu chnh may.
89

-Cac thao tac iu chnh may phai c thc hin
khi dng may.
-Khi phat hin ra s c hoc may lam vic khng
bnh thng th phai dng may ngay lp tc va bao cho
ngi co trach nhim x ly.
-Khng bo v tr lam vic khi may ang hoat ng.
-Phai thng xuyn theo doi cac ch s cua cac thit
b kim tra, bao hiu ; ch s cac ng h ap lc
phanh, cac en bao tn hiu...
-V sinh cng nghip u va cui mi ca lam vic.
+ i vi nhn vin bao tr :
-Phai thc hin ung cac qui nh v chm soc ky
thut va bao tr may :
nh ky bi trn, xit cht toan b h thng ,cac
mi lp ghep ren....240h/ln.
nh ky iu chnh khe h h thng dn hng. Khe
h cho phep t 0,05 n 0,08mm.
-Thng xuyn theo doi hoat ng cua may, kim tra
cac thng s ky thut. Nu phat hin may lam vic
khng bnh thng, yu cu ngi vn hanh dng may
ngay lp tc va bao cho ngi co trach nhim giai quyt.
-Thng xuyn kim tra tnh trang ky thut cua cac
thit b in iu khin : Aptomat, rle, khi ng t ...
(theo s in).
- Kim tra ap sut va an toan cua may nen kh va
h thng phanh.
-Khng t ng iu chnh may.
6.2.Hng dn s dung :
90

Ngi vn hanh may phai thc hin ung qui nh
vn hanh va tun thu tun t theo cac bc sau:
+Trc khi cho may lam vic phai :
Kim tra toan b khng gian xung quanh may, loai bo
cac chng ngai vt trong pham vi hoat ng cua khung
quay.
V sinh cng nghip cho toan may.
Kim tra lai du m bi trn co u khng, cac b
phn chuyn ng co c che chn tt khng ?
Kim tra h thng phanh kh nen.
Kim tra cac b phn thu dy cap thanh phm,
b phn
rai cap
va
xem chc chn cha, khim tra cac
cng tc hanh trnh xem hoat ng tt va n nh khng,

va kim tra khng gian xung quanh cac tang cun va doc
theo may xem co chng ngai vt g khng.
Dung cu truc di chuyn cac cun dy cap phi ln v
tr trn khung ( mt cng nhn iu khin cu truc mt
cng nhn iu khin cun dy vao v tr lp cac cun
dy cap phi trn khung) . Sau khi cun dy nh v ung v
tr ta xit c cu kep lai va kim tra chc chn cua
cun dy, nu a at ta tin hanh khoa c cu xit
cht lai. Lam xong cun th nht tin hanh lam cho cac
cun tip theo cho n u cac cun y cap phi trn
khung, cach tin hanh cng vic cung nh cun th
nht. Khi lp xong cac cun dy cap phi ln khung ta long
cac u dy qua cac l a xon trn hai khung.
Ta dung mt dy cap thep ng knh khoang t ( 15 20 mm) lam dy keo mi, mt u dy cap ni vi c cu
91

thu dy thanh phm sau o qun vao cac ranh trn hai tang
cun. u kia ta ni vi cac cun dy cap phi, sau khi
ni xong phai kim tra xem cac mi ni a chc chn
cha. Trong giai oan keo mi ta thao cac l khun ra
cac im ni co th i qua c.
Ta tin hanh thay i cac v tr cn gat iu khin
s n khp cua cac cp banh rng trong cac hp tc
at c bc bn theo yu cu a ra, va chon
chiu quay cua cac khung bng cach thay i v tr tay
gat cua cac hp giam tc at c hng bn cua
cac lp theo yu cu san phm.
Sau khi tin hanh xong cac cng vic chun b trn. Ta
tin hanh ong ng c in khi ng may vi tc
chm nht, va quan sat cac mi ni nu thy co dy
tao cap nao bung ra phai cho may dng ngay va tin hanh
ni lai ngay ( cng vic nay tin hanh khi khung a dng
quay hn). Nu cac mi ni khng b bung ra ta c tip
tuc cho may chay vi tc thp cho n khi cac mi
ni i ra khoi hai khung quay, ta dng may lai va tin
hanh lp cac khun vao v tr cua no. Xong cng vic ta
lai cho may hoat ng vi tc thp, cho n khi dy
cap in c bn cun vao b phn thu cap c (2
- 5 ) vong ta lai dng may lai thao dy cap keo mi
ra va c nh u y cap in vao b phn thu dy.
Xong cng vic ta khi ng may vao giai oan san xut
n nh.
+Trong khi lam vic :
92

Trong qua trnh may san xut cng nhn phai ng
ngoai li chn quan sat may nu co s c tt ng
c va nhn phanh cho may dng ngay tin hanh khc
phuc.
Quan sat may khi cac cun dy cap phi gn ht ta cho
ng c chay chm lai d quan sat va tin hanh thay
nu co cun nao ht .
+Sau khi lam vic :
Sau khi bn c mt cun dy cap thanh phm
( cun y vao b phn thu cap ), cho may dng lai.
Nu con
san xut
tip ta phai thay b phn thu cap
khac va thay cac cun cap phi nu ht, thng thng

mi mt cun dy cap phi se u san xut mt cun
y cap thanh phm . Nu ngng san xut tin hanh thu
don va v sinh s may, va khoa tu in lai.
6.3.Bi trn may :
giam mt mat cng sut v ma sat, giam mai mon
ln b phn chuyn ng, am bao thoat nhit tt va
phong du bi trn trong cac hp giam tc va hp
tc b ro r, gi chnh xac va keo dai tui tho
cua may, cn phai bi trn lin tuc ln cac b phn trong
may tc la nng cao thi gian s dung may.
Theo cach dn du n bi trn cac chi tit may,
ngi ta phn bit : Bi rtn ngm du, bi trn lu thng.
Ngoai cac b phn truyn h cua nhng may khng
quan trong co th bi trn nh ky bng m.
Bi trn ngm du bng cach ngm banh rng, banh vt
hoc cac chi tit may khac trong hp cha du.
93

Bi trn lu thng dung cho cac b phn truyn co
vn tc ln hay kt cu cua no khng cho phep vic
thc hin bi trn ngm du. Theo phng phap nay du
t b se theo ng ng, vi mt ap sut ln nht qua
cac voi phun n bi trn ch cn bi trn.
may thit k, vic bi trn c chia lam hai loai:
T bi trn va bi trn lu thng.
b truyn xch va ch n khp cua cp banh rng
ln ni tang cun cng vic bi trn kho khn, nn ta tin
hanh bi trn nh ky ta hai v tr trn, va phai co b
phn che chn ky cang tranh bui bn bam vao.
6.4.Bao dng may :
may hoat ng tt, chnh xac va nng cao tui
tho cn phai co ch bao quan may theo ung k
hoach sau :
Bao quan hng ngay :
Trc khi khi ng may phai kim tra lng du,
nht cua du trong cac hp giam tc va hp tc
thng qua mt du, va thay du ung thi han tranh
du qua b bin cht do thi gian lam vic dai va nhit
cao.
Nu co hin tng g khac thng khi may hoat
ng th phai ngng may va kim tra lai iu chnh
may.
Bao quan may hng thang :
Kim tra ky thut cac mi lp ghep, mi han.
Kim tra ky thut va xic cht cac bu lng c nh.
Kim tra du trong cac hp giam tc va hp tc .
94

Bao quan hai nm mt ln:
Kim tra tng th toan may, cac v tr mi ghep,
ni truc cac ch n khp, va cac gi , trt.
KT LUN.
Sau mt thi gian dai k t khi nhn tai lam
An Tt Nghip Thit K May Xon dy cap in 12 18. c thy hng dn giao n nay em a tam thi
hoan thanh vi ni dung cac phn tnh toan, thit k nh
a nu muc luc. Do thi gian va kha nng cua em co
han nn vic tnh toan, thit k se khng theo nh y
mun, hn na y la ln u tin em c tip xuc va
cham thc t, vi mt kin thc, khi lng ln nn
a gp nhiu kho khn va b ng. Nhng du sao i na
s c gng mit mai cung giup em vn ti nhiu hn.
Li u tin em xin to long bit n su sc vi tm
long nhit tnh, vui ve cua thy giao hng dn Pham
ng Phc a mang n cho em nhiu kin thc b ch
trong vic tm hiu phat huy tai nay.Va y cung la
95

hanh trang cua em trong tng lai giup em i n s
trng thanh.
Tuy nhin trn danh ngha la a hoan thanh nhng
tai Thit K May Xon dy cap in 12 - 18 cua em
con rt nhiu sai sot va han ch, cha ap ng c
vi thc t, mong cac qu thy c, anh ch ong gop thm
va em cung cn phat huy hn na tai c hoan
thin tt hn.
Li cui cung em xin to long bit n n thy giao
hng dn Pham ng Phc cung cac quy thy c a
giup em at n thi im nay.
a Nng, ngay 30 thang 5
nm 2007
Ngi thit k
( Ky, ghi
ro ho tn)
MUC LUC
muc
Trang
LI NOI U .....................................................................1
CHNG I: GII THIU V QUA TRNH PHAT TRIN
CUA NGANH IN VA NHU CU S DUNG DY CAP
IN ...................................2
1/ Qua trnh phat trin cua nghanh
in.................................................2
96

2/ Nhu cu s
dung ................................................................................3
3/ Phn tch san
phm ............................................................................4
CHNG II : PHN TCH CHON PHNG AN THIT K
MAY........7
1/ Phn tch cac loai san
phm..................................................................7
2/Phn tch chon phng an thit k
may.................................................7
2.1) Ni dung cua thit k
may............................................................7
2.2) Yu cu chung cua cng vic thit k
may...................................8
2.3) Chon phng an bn
..............................................................................................9
3/ Phn tch cac chuyn ng cua
may...................................................12
CHNG III : THIT K NG HOC
MAY..........................................13
I/ Ni dung cua thit k ng hoc
may .................................................13
II/ S nguyn ly cua may thit
k......................................................15
III/. Phn phi ty s truyn va tnh s vong quay
cac truc.....................17
III.1/. Tnh toan phn mt : ng truyn t ng
c n cac khung
quay............................................................................
..................17
1/ S ng tnh
toan................................................................17
2/ Tnh toan phn phi ty s
truyn..................................................18
2.1) Nguyn tc phn phi ty s
truyn.........................................18
2.2) Phn phi ty s
truyn............................................................18
2.2.1) Ty s truyn cua b truyn ai th
nht...........................18
97

2.2.2) Ty s truyn cua hp giam tc th
nht..........................19
2.2.3) Ty s truyn b truyn ai th
hai..................................20
2.2.4) Ty s truyn cua b truyn ai th
ba ............................20
2.2.5) Ty s truyn cua hp giam tc th
hai.............................20
2.2.6) Phn phi ty s truyn cho hp tc
th nht.............20
III.2/ Tnh toan phn hai : Phn phi ty s truyn
t ng c n tang cun cap thanh
phm................................................................24
1/.S ng cua ng
truyn. ....................................................24
2/.Phn phi ty s
truyn .................................................................24
2.1) Ty s truyn cua hp tc th
hai....................................24
2.2) Ty s truyn cua b truyn banh
rng ................................35
2.3)Ty s truyn cua b truyn
xc..............................................36
2.4) Ty s truyn cua b truyn banh rng
non..........................36
3/ Tnh s vong quay cua tang va vn tc
chuyn ng tnh tin cua
dy...............................................................................
...................37
CHNG IV : TNH TOAN NG LC HOC MAY VA
CHON CNG SUT NG C IN ..........41
I / Tnh toan ng lc hoc
may...............................................................41
I.1/ Tnh toan ng lc hoc cum may th nht
t ng c truyn n cac khung
quay ............................................................................
.41
1/ Phn tch cac lc tac dung ln khung
.......................................41
98

2/ S tnh
toan .........................................................................41
3/ Qua trnh tnh
toan....................................................................42
3.2) Vi khung mang 18 cun dy cap
phi.............................42
3.2) Vi khung mang 12 cun dy cap
phi............................42
4/ Tinh cng sut trn truc cac khung va
chuyn cng sut v trn truc
3.............................................................................
..........47
4.3) Khung mang 18 cun
dy ...............................................47
4.4) Khung mang 12 cun
dy..............................................47
I. 2/ Tnh toan ng lc hoc cum may th hat
t ng c truyn n cac tang
keo..........................................................................
....47
5.
Phn tch cac lc tac dung ln
tang keo.................................47
6. S tnh
toan ...............................................
.......................47
7.
Qua trnh tnh
toan................................................
.................49
3.1) Tnh mmen can quan tnh M cqt1 , M cqt 2 do
khi lng cua cac tang gy
ra................................................................49
3.2)Mmen can quan tnh M cqt 3 , M cqt 4 do khi
lng cua cac cun dy cap phi gy
ra ..............................................49
F
3.3) ms1 lc can ma sat do khi lng cua
dy gy ra..........50
F
3.4) ms 2 do lc ep cua khun gy
ra.....................................50
3.5) Fms 3 do
momen
xon
gy
ra.............................................50
99

8.
Tnh cng sut trn truc tang

va quy v trn truc
3...............51
II / Tnh cng sut ng
c....................................................................51
CHNG IV : TNH TOAN THIT K CAC B
TRUYN .................52
1/ Tinh b thit k b truyn ai thang truyn
t ng c n truc3..52
2/ Thit k b truyn
xch...................................................................54
3/ Thit k b truyn truc vtbanh
vt................................................5
6
4/ Thit k hp giam
tc.................................................
.....................60
4.1) Thit k b truyn banh rng cp
nhanh.................................60
4.9)Thit k b truyn banh rng cp
chm ................................65
4.10) Thit k b truyn xch trong hp giam
tc dung ao
chiu........................................................................
....................68
4.11) Tnh ly hp ao
chiu.........................................................70
4.12) Tnh toan thit k truc va
then............................................71
4.5.1) Tnh ng knh s b cua cac
truc...............................71
4.5.2) Tnh gn ung
truc.........................................................73
4.5.4) Tnh chnh xac
truc.......................................................79
4.13) Tnh
then.............................................................................8
1
4.14) Thit k gi
truc.............................................................82
4.7.1) Chon . cho truc
I...........................................................82
100

4.7.2) Chon cho truc
II..........................................................83
4.7.3) Chon cho truc
III.........................................................84
4.8) Cu tao vo hp va cac chi tit
khac........................................85
CHNG 6.QUI NH VN HANH, HNG DN S
DUNG, BI TRN VA BAO DNG
MAY................................................................86
6.1) Qui nh vn
hanh .......................................................................86
6.2) Hng dn s
dung ......................................................................87
6.3) Bi trn
may ................................................................................89
6.4) Bao dng
may ...........................................................................90
101
102
103

Thiet Thiet Ke May Xoan Day Cap Dien 12-18-1IFydSYb1F 20130113104755 4

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Thiet Thiet Ke May Xoan Day Cap Dien 12-18-1IFydSYb1F 20130113104755 4

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an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin thc hin

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

GII THIU V QUA TRNH PHAT TRIN

Trong qua trnh phat trin kinh t cua mi t nc,

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

3. Phn tch san phm :

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Hnh ve 1.2: Dy cap in thanh phm.

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

PHN TCH CHON PHNG AN THIT K

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Hnh ve : 2.1.maybn dy cap 1 lp

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Hnh ve 2.2.m hnh may bn cap hai lp.

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Khi lng m quay a ln, nu ln th

THIT K NG HOC MAY.

- ng hoc may bao gm cac chuyn ng va s

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

S nguyn ly cua may thit k :

quay ln v vy cac chi tit trong hp tc phai ln

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

13) khung quay.

14) cun dy cap

Nguyn ly hoat ng cua may bn dy cap in :

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

III. Phn phi ty s truyn va tnh s vong quay cac

III.1) Tnh toan phn 1: ng truyn t ng c

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

cp tc , v khung mang 12 dy nn khi lng co

vong quay theo cp s nhn vi cng bi =1,26 . Nh vy

c quay qua 50 (vg/ph) va khung 12 dy khng c

Sinh vin : Ng Thanh Phng - Lp 02 C1A

an tt nghip - khoa 2002-2007

2.2.2) Ty s truyn cua hp giam tc th nht:

Nh vy hp giam tc co ty s truyn nm trong

Ta chon ty s truyn cua hp giam tc th nht

Trong hp giam tc hai cp khai trin banh rng tru