Speech: is a continuous stream of sounds.

Phonological Processes: The changes that sounds undergo at the point of junction when words or larger linguistic units are formed. Assimilation: refers to the influence of one sound upon the articulation of another so that the sounds become more alike. /t/ becomes /p/ or /k/ /t/ becomes /D/ or / / /D/ becomes /b/ or /g/ /n/ becomes /m/ or // // influences /n/ and /m/ // influences /n/ and /m/ /f/ influences /n/ and /m/ // influences /f/ // influences / L / // influences /D/ /p/ influences /n/ /s/ / / /z// / or / / ex: that pear / that kind ex: that does/ sit there ex: good price/ made good ex: ten miles/ man crying ex: on Thursday/ same thing ex: than they/ him the ex: on foot/ triumph ex: Fifth ex: tell the ex: had the ex: happen (makes it bilabial /m/) ex: this shop/ ex: has she? / has she?

Coalescence: Two segments are replaced by a single one which shows features of the original ones. Hence, it involves a kind of assimilation. /s/ + /j/ = / / /z/ + /j/= // /t/ + /j/ = / / /d/ + /j/ = / / ex: Is this your book? ex: Close yours ex: I hate you ex: Did you?

Elision: refers when a number of features of the chain of speech are missing. Segments are more likely (not only case) to be elided in the following contexts: When /t/ follows a voiceless consonant and precedes any consonant: ex. Next week When /D/ occurs between consonants: ex. Old man / Kindness When /h/ occurs in pronominal weak forms: ex. I love her / was he there?

Haplology: One of two more or less similar sequences of segments is dropped. Ex: Similarly---- /simili/ Library---- /laibri/ Metathesis: Sounds change places in the chain of speech. Ex: aksinstead ofask / Whipser instead ofwhisper Spoonerism: Metathesis in larger linguistic units. Ex: The queer old dean (the dear old queen) Nasalization: Whenever a vowel is before a nasal sound (m,n,)