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Petrozuata's Use of Debt Financing: International Financial Management
Petrozuata's Use of Debt Financing: International Financial Management
Agenda
Timeline Introduction to international debt and debt ratings Description of the PDVSA and Conoco joint venture Petrozuatas debt rating Debt financing: 144A Bonds Project financing: advantages and disadvantages Three types of project financing risks The aftermath: Duponts sale of Conoco and state of Petrozuata today Q&A
Timeline
1976
1997
1998
1999
Petrolera Zuata
Debt Ratings
An evaluation of the possibility of default by a bond issuer It is based on an analysis of the issuer's financial condition and profit potential Main providers: S&P, Moodys, Fitch
Lowest Risk
Low Risk Low Risk Medium Risk High Risk Highest Risk In Default
Debt Financing
High leverage ratio (60%)
Bank debt, the traditional source of debt and Rule 144A project bonds
Sources of Funds Commercial Bank Debt Rule 144A Project Bond Paid-in Capital (incl. shareholder loans) Operating Cash Flow Total in million $450 $1,000 $445 $530 $2,425 % 18.6 41.2 18.4 21.9 100%
Project Financing
Popular in emerging markets Often involves syndicates Project is separate from legal and financial responsibilities of investors Used for large investments that are long-term and singular (cannot be commingled) Cash-flow from third parties is predictable Projects and their lives are finite Petrozuata used project financing to pay down large debts without the owners being accountable for deficits
Postcompletion risk
Occur when project is operating and effect the cash flows
Political risk
Macroeconomic events in Venezuela
Protects the companies from bankruptcy risks because they have limited responsibility
the project is regarded as legally independent equity returns are increased and the companies own debt capacity isnt used up.
High legal costs associated with the setup Difficult to exit syndications
Another example
British Petroleum: North Sea and TransAtlantic Pipeline
Constructed to move oil from the North Slope of Alaska to the northern most ice- free port- Valdez, Alaska Joint venture between BP, Standard Oil of Ohio, Atlantic Richfield, Exxon, Mobil Oil, Philips Petroleum, Union Oil and Amerada Hess Cost: $1 billiontoo much for any one firm to handle
The Aftermath
Benchmark price of crude oil falls $5 per barrel over 6 months Inflation in Venezuela causes interest rates to jump from 25% to 70% Cost overrun for Petrozuata is announced
Q&A
Any questions?