Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CPR AED First Aid Participants Manual
CPR AED First Aid Participants Manual
PARTICIPANTS MANUAL
This participants manual is part of the American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED program. By itself, it does not constitute complete and comprehensive training. Visit redcross.org to learn more about this program. The emergency care procedures outlined in this book reect the standard of knowledge and accepted emergency practices in the United States at the time this book was published. It is the readers responsibility to stay informed of changes in emergency care procedures. PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS BEFORE AGREEING TO ACCESS AND DOWNLOAD THE AMERICAN RED CROSS MATERIALS. BY DOWNLOADING THE MATERIALS, YOU HEREBY AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. The downloadable electronic materials, including all content, graphics, images and logos, are copyrighted by and the exclusive property of The American National Red Cross (Red Cross). Unless otherwise indicated in writing by the Red Cross, the Red Cross grants you (recipient) the limited right to download, print, photocopy and use the electronic materials, subject to the following restrictions:
The recipient is prohibited from selling electronic versions of the materials. The recipient is prohibited from revising, altering, adapting or modifying the materials. The recipient is prohibited from creating any derivative works incorporating, in part or in whole, the content of the materials. The recipient is prohibited from downloading the materials and putting them on their own website without Red Cross permission.
Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by the Red Cross. The Red Cross does not permit its materials to be reproduced or published without advance written permission from the Red Cross. To request permission to reproduce or publish Red Cross materials, please submit your written request to The American National Red Cross. Copyright 2011 by The American National Red Cross. All rights reserved. The Red Cross emblem, American Red Cross and the American Red Cross logo are trademarks of The American National Red Cross and protected by various national statutes.
Acknowledgments
his is the fourth edition of the American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED Participants Manual. This is a revised version of the text that was previously published under the title, First Aid/CPR/AED for Schools and the Community.
This manual is dedicated to the thousands of employees and volunteers of the American Red Cross who contribute their time and talent to supporting and teaching life-saving skills worldwide and to the thousands of course participants and other readers who have decided to be prepared to take action when an emergency strikes. This manual reects the 2010 Consensus on Science for CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) and the Guidelines 2010 for First Aid. These treatment recommendations and related training guidelines have been reviewed by the American Red Cross Scientic Advisory Council, a panel of nationally recognized experts in elds that include emergency medicine, occupational health, sports medicine, school and public health, emergency medical services (EMS), aquatics, emergency preparedness and disaster mobilization. The American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED Participants Manual was developed through the dedication of both employees and volunteers. Their commitment to excellence made this manual possible.
First Aid/CPR/AED
Acknowledgments
iii
Table of Contents
About This Manual Health Precautions and Guidelines During Training 1 Before Giving Care and Checking an Injured or Ill Person
Your Role in the EMS System Disease Transmission and Prevention Taking Action: Emergency Action Steps Checking a Conscious Person Shock Checking an Unconscious Person Incident Stress Putting It All Together Removing Gloves Checking an Injured or Ill Adult Checking an Injured or Ill Child or Infant
vii viii 1
2 5 8 14 16 17 22 23 24 25 27
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
AED____________________________________________________________ 44
When the Heart Suddenly Fails Using an AED AED Precautions How to Use an AEDAdults How to Use an AEDChildren and Infants Special AED Situations Other AED Protocols AED Maintenance Putting It All Together AEDAdult or Child Older Than 8 Years or Weighing More than 55 Pounds AEDChild and Infant Younger Than 8 Years or Weighing Less than 55 Pounds 45 45 45 46 47 47 49 49 49 50 52
iv
First Aid/CPR/AED
Participants Manual
CHAPTER
Breathing Emergencies
Background Respiratory Distress and Respiratory Arrest Choking Putting It All Together Conscious ChokingAdult Conscious ChokingChild Conscious ChokingInfant Unconscious ChokingAdult Unconscious ChokingChild and Infant
54
55 56 59 65 66 67 68 69 70
SKILL SHEET: SKILL SHEET: SKILL SHEET: SKILL SHEET: SKILL SHEET:
CHAPTER
Sudden Illness
Sudden Illness Specic Sudden Illnesses Poisoning Putting It All Together
71
72 73 79 83
CHAPTER
Environmental Emergencies
Heat-Related Illnesses and Cold-Related Emergencies Bites and Stings Poisonous Plants Lightning Putting It All Together
84
85 88 98 99 100
CHAPTER
101
102 109 112 116 117 118
CHAPTER
119
120 121 129 130 132 134 136
First Aid/CPR/AED
Table of Contents
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
10
SKILL SHEET:
CHAPTER
11
157
158 160 161
SKILL SHEET:
APPENDIX
163
164 171
Sources Index
172 175
vi
First Aid/CPR/AED
Participants Manual
his manual has been designed to help you acquire the knowledge and skills you will need to effectively respond to emergency situations. The following pages point out some of the manuals special features.
CHAPTER
4
Breathing Emergencies
FOCUS ON PREVENTION
SKILL SHEET
POISONING
Use common sense when handling substances that could be harmful, such as chemicals and cleaners. Use them in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective clothing, such as gloves and a facemask. Use common sense with your own medications. Read the product information and use only as directed. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist about the intended effects, side effects and possible interactions with other medications that you are taking. Never use another persons prescribed medications. What is right for one person often is wrong for another. Always keep medications in their original containers. Make sure that this container is well marked with the original pharmacy labeling. If taking several medications, always check the label to ensure that you are taking the correct medication, and be especially aware of possible adverse drug interactions. Over time, expired medications can become less effective and even toxic to humans if consumed. Dispose of out-of-date or unused medications properly by following the guidelines below. Most medications should be thrown away in the household trash and not ushed down the toilet. Follow these steps to maintain safety and protect the environment from unnecessary exposure to medications: 1. Pour the medication out of its original container into a sealable plastic bag. 2. Mix the medication with something that will hide the medication or make it unpleasant (e.g., coffee grounds or kitty litter). 3. Seal the plastic bag. 4. Throw the plastic bag into your household trash. 5. Remove and destroy all personal information and medication information (prescription label) from the medication container. Recycle or throw away the medication container. Another option is to check if your state or local community has a community-based household hazardous waste collection program. You may be able to take your expired and unused medications to your pharmacy or another location for disposal. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website maintains a list of some of the medications that should be ushed down the toilet. These medications are especially dangerous to humans and pets. One dose could cause death if taken by someone other than the person for whom it was prescribed. Flushing these medications avoids any chance that children or pets would ingest them accidentally. According to the FDA, any possible risk to people and the environment from ushing these few medications is small. The FDA maintains that the risk is outweighed by the possibility of someone accidentally ingesting these medications, which could be life threatening.
CPRCHILD
NO BREATHING
breathing emergency is any respiratory problem that can threaten a persons life. Breathing emergencies happen when air cannot travel freely and easily into the lungs. Respiratory distress, respiratory arrest and choking are examples of breathing emergencies. In a breathing emergency, seconds count so you must react at once. This chapter discusses how to recognize and care for breathing emergencies.
Preventing Poisoning in Children Many substances found in or around the house are poisonous. Children younger than 3 years and infants that are able to crawl are especially likely to be poisoned because of their curious nature, and because they explore their world through touching and tasting things around them (Fig. 5-5). If you care for or are near young children, be warned: it only takes a moment for a small child to get into trouble.
Tilt the head back and lift the chin up. Pinch the nose shut then make a complete seal over the childs mouth. Blow in for about 1 second to make the chest clearly rise. Give rescue breaths, one after the other. If chest does not rise with rescue breaths, retilt the head and give another rescue breath.
DO NOT STOP
Continue cycles of CPR. Do not stop except in one of these situations: You nd an obvious sign of life, such as breathing. An AED is ready to use. Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over. You are too exhausted to continue. The scene becomes unsafe.
TIP: If at any time you notice an obvious sign of life, stop CPR and monitor breathing and for any changes in condition.
FIGURE 5-5 Always supervise young children closely, especially in areas where common, but poisonous, household items are stored.
WHAT TO DO NEXT
(Continued )
USE AN AED AS SOON AS ONE IS AVAILABLE. IF BREATHS DO NOT MAKE CHEST RISE AFTER RETILTING THE HEADGive CARE for unconscious choking.
54
F i rst A i d/CPR/AED
CHAPTER
Sudden Illness
81
42
F i rst A i d/CPR/AED
FA_CPR_AED_PM_CH04_p054-070.indd 54
1/12/11 12:20:15 PM
FA_CPR_AED_PM_CH02_p029-043.indd 42 2/8/11 10:18:56 AM