EF

172

172

EF

K

???EF?
K

K

K

172

EF

K
EFK

??K
??

WK

WW

KW

KW

KW

KW

WW

KWW

KW
KW

KW

KW

KW

172
EF

K
K

K
K

K??

KW

EF

172
EF

KW

-1-

172

EF

K10
K20

K112

-2-

172

EF

W J1 J1

K

W J2 J1
W
drilling
shaping

milling

turning

boring

broaching

grinding

sawing
planning

-3-

172

EF

W J3 J1

Castings
KEFforgings

K
Cutting Motions J4 J1

K

KW

K
EK1-1F

-4-

172

EF

[2]WE1-1F

WCutting Motion J141

WWorkpiece
K
Ktool

W Feed MotionW241

K K

KEF

Setting the Cutting Depth MotionW J341

K K
K
K

KE21F
-5-

E3

E2

KE4

K(1

E5

KWE21F

-6-

EF

172

172

EF

WThe Cutting Process J51

WChip Formation EF J151

E 1F
K

KE31F

[2] , [14]WE31F
W J251

KEF

KContinuous Chip Shear ChipBroken Chip

KE4 J1F

-7-

172

EF

[14]WE4.1F

5 >
32 =

5<
25 =

15Z
19 =

EF
K

E5 J1F
FhA K

KEdFbEf

A = b . h = d . f [mm2]

-8-

172

EF

[14]WE5.1F
WBuilt -Up Edge J61

[14]WE6.1F

KL80

K
K
K

-9-

172
EF

WGenerated Heat J71

1FK 850 <

E7 1FK E6
K

[2]KWEK71F

[2]KWEK71F

KK

- 10 -

172

EF

Cooling and Lubrication J81

K

K
K
.
K
W

E Mineral OilsF
K

E3 1FKE21F
K

- 11 -

172

EF

L19

L170

50

L132

25

L227

75

L19

L227
L118

25

xL0.4
L76

L151

L0.75

EF

L38

x L0.45

LL19

LL11

KWE11F
[9]
- 12 -

172

EF

HDO -S

GPO S

HDS

GPS

HDS

HDAC

HDAC

HDO - S

HDAC
GPO S

HDS

HDS

HDS

HDS

GPO - S

GPS

GPO S

GPS

HDO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS
HDO NS

GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS

GPO
S
HDO S
HDO - S
GPS

HDS

HDAC
HDAC
GPO
HDO S
S
HDO - S

HDO
NS
GPO
NS
GPO
NS
HDO
NS

GPO S
GPS

HDAC
GPO S

HDS

HDS

GPO - S

GPS

GPO
NS
GPO
NS
GPO
NS
GPO
NS

HDO NS
GPO NS
GPON NS
HDO NS

GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS
GPO NS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

HDS
HDAC
GPS

[9]WE2 J1F

GPO General purpose mineral oi

GPO General purpose mineral oi

GPO General purpose mineral oil

GPO General purpose mineral oil

HDAC Heavy duty aqueous coolantGPAC General purpose aqueous coolant

staining JNS Non

S Staining
- 13 -

172

EF

W
?KE1

KE2

KE3

KE4

KE5

KE6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

E11

E12

E13

KE14

KE15

KE16

WE17

EF
EF

EF

EFK
EFK
- 14 -

(
(
(
(
(

172

EF

E F
EFK

(
(

WE18

K
K850<

250 J150

150>

WE19

K
K
KEF

- 15 -

(
(
(
(

172
EF

E20

- 16 -

172

EF

Cutting Parameters W
W J1 J2
KW
J

J J

K J J

K K

W[m/min] Cutting Speed J2 J2

K

EF KE2F

FE 2F
KEL

K
K

- 17 -

172

EF

KFinishing

KRoughing
K

(n)
n =1000* V / d

[m/min]VW

[rev/min] n

[mm] Kd
3.14Z

E5 J2FE4-2FE3-2FE2-2FE1-2F
K

WFeed Speed [mm/rev] J3 J2

K
K

- 18 -

172

EF

KMild steel

E5-2F E4-2F E3-2F E2-2F E1-2F

K

WDepth of Cut [mm] J4 J2

KK

K
K

- 19 -

172

EF

140

200 J160

0.8

0.2 - 0.4

1.6

0.2 - 0.8

H.S.S
90
125
56
100

3.2

0.2 - 1.6

32 - 80

4.8

0.2 - 1.6

25 - 71

6.4

0.2 - 1.6

25 - 63

220 320
140 250
71 200
63 180
45 140

9.6

0.4 - 2.4

16 - 45

12 .7

0.4 - 3.2

19

0.4 -- 3.2

H.S.S

360 J220
H.S.S

32 - 63

150 200
100 180

20 - 50

63 - 140

10 -- 25

110 140
71 120
45 100

16 - 45

56 - 125

10 -- 25

36 90

16 - 40

36 - 120

8 -- 20

25 80

40 - 90

10 25

32 80

6 -- 16

20 56

10 -- 40

36 - 90

8 -- 25

25 71

4-- 16

32 50

10 -- 25

25 - 55

7 -- 16

20 40

3 -- 8

20 50

56 - 71

25 - 36
16 - 32

WE1-2F
K
[9]K12090

- 20 -

172

EF

160
H.S.S

0.2 - 0.8

63 - 90

1.6

0.2 - 0.8

50 - 80

3.2

0.2 - 1.6

32 - 71

4.8

0.2 - 1.6

32 - 63

6.4

0.2 - 1.6

25 - 63

110
160
100
140
63
140
63
125
56
120

9.6

0.4 - 3.2

20 - 40

12 .7

0.4 - 2.4
0.4 -3.2

19

200 J160

0.8

H.S.S

360 J220
H.S.S

20 32

63
100

16 25

56 90

25 - 45

71
120
63
110

20 - 40

45 - 90

10 25

40 71

16 - 32

36 - 80

9 20

32 71

16 - 32

36 - 71

8 20

25 63

36 80

9 -- 20

32 - 56

5 16

25 45

16 - 40

25 80

8 -- 20

32 - 50

5 -- 10

20 40

10 - 36

20 71

7 -- 20

25 - 45

4 -- 10

20 -32

32 - 50

WE2 J2F

[9]K12090K

H.S.S

H.S.S

H.S.S

o.8

0.1 - 0.4

56 - 90

150 - 250

90 - 150

220 - 400

110
200

280
500

1.6

0.1 - 0.8

32 - 71

100 - 220

56 - 120

140 - 300

71 150

180
400

3.2

0.1 - 1.6

20 - 63

63 - 180

32 - 95

71 - 250

40 120

110
300

6.4

0.1 - 1.6

16 - 45

40 - 140

25 - 80

46 - 180

36 110

71
250

9.6

0.1 - 2.4

9 -- 40

25 - 140

16 - 71

32 - 150

20 90

45
200

- 21 -

172

EF

WE3 J2F

[9]KK12090K

24 - 37

18 - 37

0.3 - 3.8

46 - 107

18 - 46

61 - 91

183 - 549

46

91

0.3 - 3.8

1.3 - 0.38

0.5 - 0.13

0.3 - 2.5

0.25 2.5

1.5

1.5

30 - 46

38 - 61

61 - 122

37 - 61

76 - 152

183 - 549

91

122

0.08 - 0.25

0.08 - 0.25

0.2 - 0.1

0.2 - 0.13

0.1 - 0.25

0.1 - 0.25

0.38

0.25

15 - 23

15 - 27

37 - 61

30 - 37

30 - 61

107 - 152

46

91

0.25 - 2.03

0.25 - 1.5

0.2 - 0.1

0.15 - 0.1

0.25 - 0.76

0.25 1.3

0.25

0.13

60 - 125

18 - 38

43 - 11

20 - 30

61 - 91

549

46

61

Boring

0.13 - 0.5

0.13 - 0.5

0.13 - 0.1

0.13 - 2.5

0.13 - 0.5

0.2 1.5

0.5

0.5

24 - 55

18 - 40

30 -- 11

14 - 20

61 - 91

154 - 549

30

91

0.13 - 0.5

0.25 - 3.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.13 - 0.38

0.25 - 0.76

0.25 1.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.13 0.5

12 -- 30

18 - 30

11 -- 30

12 -- 18

61 - 91

152 - 549

30

61

0.13 - 0.5

0.25 - 3.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.13 - 0.38

0.25 - 0.76

0.25 1.3

0.13 - 0.76

0.5-0.13

Rough turningZ

recessingZ

finish turningZ

CutoffZ

Face millingZ

Periphery millingZ

[9]KWE42F
( )

/ )
(

/ )
(

17

55

0.51

0.25

0.25

168

366

32

21

18

4.75

0.51

0.64

198

1524

241

28

15

6.35

0.41

0.46

213

549

200

33

23

4.75

0.41

0.51

198

671

241

36

63

0.51

0.25

0.25

152

610

32

K[9] WE52F
- 22 -

172

EF

W
KE1

KE2

KE3

KE4

KE5

KE6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

KE11

WE12

EF

KE

EF

KE

E
EFK

EF

KE

- 23 -

172

EF

W
Cutting Tools

W J13
E F F
WE

E1 3FK
K

- 24 -

172

EF

[2]KWE13F
W J23
W

W
KKKK

W

K

- 25 -

172

EF

E43FE33FE23F

WE23F
[2]K

[9]WE33F

- 26 -

172

EF

[9]WE43F

WTool Angles J33
WE53FK

[2]WE53F

W



- 27 -

172

EF

J 8 EF
K20

40

706050

EF

EF
K85

K90 J11

EF

K90 J0

KE53FE33FE13F
WTool Signature J43

K ISO

WK
ISO2 DIN4972 L 25q k10

W
K

ISO2

DIN4972

K25

25q

K
- 28 -

K10

172

EF

W J53
K
K K

200

K
600

K(HSS)

EInserts F

900K
K

K1200
HF

KEKKKK

KE63FE43FE23F

EFE F

[1]KEFEFWE63F
- 29 -

172
EF

1870E63F

K
K

K
K

- 30 -

172

EF

8 - 10

7 J 0

6-8

7-9

8 - 12

0 - 12

8 - 10

8 - 10

1045SAE

10 - 14

0 - 14

7-9

7-9

1112SAE

10 - 16

0 - 14

7-9

7-9

1335SAE

8 - 10

0 - 10

7-9

7-9

3135SAE

8 - 10

0-8

7-9

6140SAE

8 - 12

0-5

6-8

7-9
10 J8

15

14

12 - 14

4-6

8 - 10

8 - 10

12 - 20

0 - 16

12 - 14

12 - 14

0-8

6 - 10

8 - 10

0 - 10

0-2

8 - 12

10 - 12

SAE = Society of automative Engineers

EF

[9]KWE13F

- 31 -

172

EF

Co
V

8
8

1
2
2
1.15
1.15

8
5
5

1
2
2
5

Mo
W Cr
C

AISI
Type

8.5
1.5
4
0.85
5
6
4
1.05
8.75
1.75
4
1
9.5
1.5
4
0.9
9.5
1.5
3.75
1.1

M1
M2
M7
M 33
M 42

18
18
14
12

4
4
4
4

0.75
0.8
0.75
1.5

T1
T5
T8
T 15

[9]KWE23F

- 32 -

172

EF

10 20 10 J0

6 - 10

6 - 10

15 20
5 J8

0-4

6-8

6-8

0-5

6-8

6-8

6-7

0-7

5-8

5-8

1020SAE
SAE

6-7

0-7

5 - 10

5 - 10

6-7

0-7

5-8

5-8

1025

6-7

0 -7

5-8

5-8

6-7

70 -

5 -- 10

EF

5 -- 10

F
6-7

0 -7

5-8

5-8

[9]WE33F

- 33 -

172

EF

97

P10

94

P20

92

P50

10

85

M10

14

78

M20

15

79

M40

30

66

K10

50

45

K20

60

34

K40

[9]KWE43F

8 - 20

8 - 20

8 - 20
8 - 20
7
7
[9]KWE53F

- 34 -

172

EF

100

525

TX - 90

41.5 - 43.5

40 - 45

42 - 45

max 1.5
32.75 34.25
18.25 19.25

1 -- 7

1 -- 7

25 - 30

27 - 32

16 - 21

14 - 19

1.85 - 2.05

2 -- 4

2-4

3 -- 8

2 -- 5

max 0.75

1 -- 3

1 -- 3

max 2

2 -- 5

2 -- 5

0.4 - 0.6

0.3 - 0.7

0.3 - 0.7

0.85 - 1.05

[9]WE63F

- 35 -

172

EF

WTool Wear J63

W

W J

W J

KFlank Wear Land -

K -

KWear Crater -

KE73F

[14]KWE73F

BK
0,3 0,25 Cd / CmK 1,6 1,2
- 36 -

172
EF

Cm Cd
K

WTool LifeW73

K480180120906030K

WK
V.Tn = C
W
K[m/ min]V

KT

KZC

Kn

10.60.250.20.5 0.1n
W J173
WE1F

L 284 2

L 232 K 10

K60

K30

V10= d n / 12 = (2) (284) / 12 = 149 f/min
V60 = d n / 12 = (2) (232) / 12 = 122 f/min
- 37 -

172

EF

WE1F
n

= C = V2 T2 V1 T1

V1 / V2 = (T2 / T1) n
149 /122 = (60 / 10) n
n = 0.11
1.22 = 6n

C = VTn = 149 (10) 0.11 = 149 (1.288) = 192

V T0.11 = 192
V30 = 192 / (30)0.11 = 192 / 1.455
V30 = 132 fpmin (L)

KL12230
Ln = 12 v / d

= (12)(122)/ (2)

n =233

K = V . Tn . fn1 . d n2

0.8 J0.5Z K

0.4 J0.2Z f

0.80.5n1

0.40.2n2

:E2F

AISI 2340 J
2.035 = VT 0.13 f 0.77 d 0.37
L75Z100

KL0.0125Z0.1

- 38 -

172

EF

20% (1

20% (2

20% (3
20% (4

20%E1
V = 1.2 x 75 = 90 (f / min)
n1 n2
T = K / V f d = 2.035 / 90 (0.0125)0.77 (0.1)0.37
= 2.035 (0.034) (0.426) = 1.56
T = 1.561 / 0.13 = 1.567.7
= 31min
K
20%E2

f = 0.0125 0 1.2 = 0.015 iprELF

T0.13 = 2.035 / 75 (0.015)0.77 (0.1)0.37 = 2.035 / 75 (0.038) ( 0.426)
T = (1.67)7.7 = 31min
K

20E3

d = 1.2 x 0.1 = 0.12 in

T0.13 = 2.035 / 75 (0.0125)0.77 (0.12)0.37 = 2.035 / 75 (0.034) ( 0.456)
T = (1.745)7.7 = 73 min

V = 90 fpm,

20%E4
S = 0.014 ipr, d = 0.12 mm

= K /VSn1d n2 = 2.035/ 90(0.0125)0.77 (0.1)0.37

T0.13 = 2.035 / 90 (0.038) (0.456) =
= 7.5 min T = (1.3)7.7
K

K7.5100
- 39 -

172

EF

W
E1

E2

E3

KE4

E5

E6

s E7

E8

E9

K E10

E11

E12

KE13

E14

KE15

WEFEFE16

EF E

EFE
EFE

EFE

- 40 -

172
EF

WE17

WE

WE

WE

WE

WE18

K(

K??

(
(
(

KE19

KE20

KE21

KE22

KE23

KE24

- 41 -

172
EF

Cutting ForcesW
W J1 J4
Fs Fz
KFSN

KE14F

[2]WE14F
W

(
K

KE
K

E FixturesFE
K

K,
- 42 -

172

EF

WCalculation of Cutting Force J24

21
Richter, Kronenberg, K

Taylor, Merchant and Kinziele

WKinziele
Fc = b . h . ks
z
ks= ks.1.1 / h = ( 3 5) s

K h

Kb

K1Z1Z Ks.1.1

Kz
K

E14Fzk s.1.1

- 43 -

172

EF

Ks1.1
kp * mm-2

[kp * mm-2]

176

0.17

50

42

199

0.26

52

50

211

0.17

62

60

222

0.14

67

ck 45c,45

213

0.18

77

ck 60c,60

210

0.26

77

16Mn Cr 5

225

0.3

63

18Cr Ni 6

224

0.21

60

34Cr Mo 4

250

0.25

73

42 Cr V 4

174

0.24

94

55 NiCrMoV 6

192

0.24

HB 352

255

0.18

60 - 70

332

0.22

160

0.17

30 - 50

45

205

0.19

Rc 46

95

0.2

hB 200

15 J

116

0.25

HB 200

25

65

0.24

78

0.19

65

55NiCrMoV 6

HB80 - 120

0.24
HB30 - 42
10N/mm2 kp/mm2

KWE14F

- 44 -

172

EF

W1 J4

21.21.1

KEF0.9

KEF 1.5 J1.3

L1251.2 J1.1

WCalculation of Machine Power J34

Pc = FC. V / 102 . 60 [kw]
Pc
K[ N]FC

K[m / min]

K10260

WEF
Pmotor = Pc /

[kw]
K 0.90.7

WCutting Force Components J44

FE14F

Fp FaF E24F
KFcFFFa

- 45 -

172

EF

[14]WE24F
W

67% Etangential componentF FC

K K

K %27 Eradial componentF Fp

K

12<
- 46 -

172

EF

EF
KEsteady or follower restF

K %6 Eaxial componentF FF

KK

WFactors affecting the Cutting Force J54

W
K
K

(
(
(
(
(

- 47 -

(
(

172

EF

W
KE1

E2

E3

K E4

E5

E6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

E11

WE12

KEF

KEFE

EFE

EF E

L 45 st 50 E13
22.4

WK2L2000Ks.1.1
K
K

K0.8Z
- 48 -

(
(
(

EF

172

EF

K
K

K
W

K K

W
K

K
K

K
- 52 -

172

EF

K
K
K

- 53 -

172

EF

DrillingW
E1-5

EF EF
K

KEF

KE15F

Drilling E2 5F

Counter BoringK
K

[14]KWE15F

- 54 -

172
EF

[14]WE25F

WE2-5
W

KK

EFE125
K

1Twist Drill

K 0.8 0.1 60
116K

K 140 130 125 120 118

KE

- 55 -

172

EF

KE35F

WShank

WCutting Part

WEFluteF

WMagrin

K1

K1

K2

K2

K4

K3

K5
K6

[2]KWE35F

- 56 -

K3

K4

K5

K6

172
EF

KE45FK

[14]KWE45F

K E1 J5F

- 57 -

172
EF

[2]KWE15F

- 58 -

172
EF

WCounter BoringE35

8EF K
90 75 60 80

K 120

E2 5F KE5 5FK 50 30

[2]KWE55F

- 59 -

172
EF

[2]WE25F

- 60 -

172

EF

WReamingE45

0.04

0.005 K IT 10
K IT 8
K IT 6 0.001

14 6

0.1 0.3K

d = 0.005 . D + 0.1 [mm]WK

E3 J 5F KE6 5F
K

J
J
[5]KWE65F

- 61 -

172

EF

[2]KWE35F
- 62 -

172
EF

WE5-5

KE4.5FK

[2]WE45F

- 63 -

172

EF

WE6 J5
E7 5FE6 5FE 5 5F
K

J100
150

J30
60

30 J12

40 J30

0.60.1

0.1
0.6

0.60.1

0.40.1

st
60

[2]WE55F

50
70

0.2 -- 0.4

>
200
0.4 -0.7

0.3 -- 0.6

0.5 -- 1

6 10

8 -- 15

<
200
0.3 -0.5
0.4 -0.8

100>

100<

0.3 -- 0.5

0.2 -- 0.4

25 40

0.4 -- 0.8

0.2 -- 0.3

40 60

6 -- 12
8 -- 12
6 10
[2]

WE J65F

- 64 -

172

EF

<
200

0.63 0.8
0.25 -0.4
0.8 - 0.9 0.4 - 0.5
0.9
0.50.56
0.9 - 0.1 0.56 0.71
0.71 -0.8
1 - 1.12
1.12
0.8 -- 0.9
1.12 1.25
0.9 - 1
1.25
1 - 1.1
1.25 -1.4
1.1 - 1.25
1.4
1.25 1.4
> 1.4

> 1.4

12 20

7 -- 10

70<

70>

0.63 - 0.8
0.8 - 0.9
0.9
0.9 - 1

0.11 - 0.18
0.18 - 0.22
0.22 - 0.25
0.25 - 0.31

0.25 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.5
0.5 - 0.56
0.56 - 0.71

5
58
8 10
10 15

1 - 1.12
1.12-.25

0.31 - 0.35
0.35 - 0.4

0.71 - 0.8
0.8 - 0.9

15 20
20 25

1.25
1.25

0.4 - 0.45
0.45 - 0.5

0.9 - 1
1 - 1.1

25 30
30 - 40

1.25- 1.4
1.4

0.5 - 0.56
0.56 - 0.63

1.1 - 1.24
1.25 - 1.4

40 50
50 60

> 1.4

> 0.63

> 1.4

60<

200>

12 -- 14
3 -- 5
[9]

6 -- 12

WE J65F

- 65 -

172

EF

ELFK
63
50
40 31.5
0.63 0.63 0.56 0.56

25
0.5

20
0.5

16 12.5
0.45 0.45

10
0.4

8
0.4

6.3
5
0.36 0.36

0.18
1.4
0.36
0.32
0.25
0.63
0.18
1.4
0.36
0.32
0.22
0.5
0.18
1.4
0.32
0.32

0.16
1.25
0.32
0.28
0.22
0.63
0.16
1.4
0.32
0.28
0.22
0.45
0.16
1.4
0.32
0.28

0.14
1.1
0.32
0.25
0.22
0.56
0.14
1.25
0.32
0.25
0.2
0.45
0.14
1.25
0.28
0.25

0.12
1
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.56
0.12
1.25
0.28
0.22
0.2
0.4
0.12
1.25
0.28
0.22

0.11
0.9

0.1
0.8

0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05

0.71 0.63 0.56 0.5 0.45 0.4

0.2
0.18
0.5
0.11
1.12
0.28
0.2
0.18
0.4
0.11
1.12
0.25
0.2

0.18
0.16
0.5
0.1
1.12

0.16
0.14
0.45
0.09
1

0.14
0.12
0.45 0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36
0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05
1
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

0.18
0.16
0.36
0.1
1.12
0.25
0.18

0.16
0.14
0.36
0.09
1

0.14
0.12
0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.25
0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05
1
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

0.32
0.5
0.18
1.4
0.36
0.4
0.25

0.22
0.45
0.16
1.4
0.32
0.36
0.22

0.2
0.45
0.14
1.25
0.32
0.32
0.22

0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12

0.4 0.4 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.25
0.12 0.11 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05
1.25 1.2 1.12
1
1
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8
0.28
0.28 0.25 0.22 0.2 0.18
0.2 0.2 0.18 0.18 0.16

0.16 0.14

[9]WE7 J5F

m/min
22.4
12.5 10
8 - 6.3
31.5
40
50
31.5
25 - 20
14
50
63
71
80 - 63
50 28
25
14012
80 - 63
140125
20 - 16
12.5-10
12.5-10
20
25
31.5

st 60

22

WE7 J5

F E8 5F K

KE

- 66 -

172

EF

[1]KUpright drillWE75F

K4speed pole changing motor

Off/forward/ reverse switch

Speed control switch

KHand feed lever

Morse taper spindle Spindle head

Work table

Table slides Column

Base Table elevating handle

Table elevating screw

- 67 -

172

EF

Column

Work table

K
K

E8 5F K

[9]W J8 J5

- 68 -

172
EF

8K

8 5KK
KK

- 69 -

172

EF

[9]KWE-85F
- 70 -

172

EF

WE85
W
in [N]
F = (f . D / 2) . ks
W

KEdF2LD
k

KELF

z h

K s.1.1

K55E1.4F

f
k

KKh = (f / 2) sin h
in [kW]
in [kW]

W
Pc = (f . D2 / 8) ks . (n / 97400)

Pmotor = Pc /
WCutting TimeE9 J5
W

tc = L / n . f
WE9 J 5FK L
L = lx + lb + lwp + la
ELF f
ELF n
lx = (D / 2 . tan / 2) lx

[2]KWE95F

- 71 -

172

EF

W
K (1

K (2
(3
(4
K (5
(6
K (7
(8
K (9
(10
K (11
(12
(13
K( 14
K (15
K (16
(17

42012 (18
K2L

L1000116ZL0.22
K0.9Z

- 72 -

172

EF

KL1500Z J
KL0.4Z J

K5Z J

K J

W( 19

K35Z J

- 73 -

16Z J

5Z J
120Z J

172

EF

Turning W
WE1-6

K ??
KSymmetrical Workpieces

W
K E16FK

EFacingF

ETurningF

[2]WE1 J 6

- 74 -

172

EF

WTypes of Turning ProcessesE26

K
KE26F

[2]WE2 J6F

WTypes of Lathe Machines E36

W

KW

KW

KW
- 75 -

172
EF

Center Lathe
K

Facing Lathe
K
K

Copying Lathe
F

E F Capstan Lathe EF Turret Lathe

K K

F Special Lathes
KE
KK

Vertical Lathe
K

KEF

K
- 76 -

172

EF

KE36F

[9] J

[9] J
- 77 -

172
EF

[9] J
K

J
[9]KWE36F
K

K
- 78 -

172

EF

WComponents of the LatheE4 J6

E46F
K

[2]KWE46F

KBed J
K

head Stock J
K

K Tail Stock E F J
K

KSpindle J

KLead ScrewEF J
KWFeed Shaft J
- 79 -

172
EF

K J

Carriage J
K

K Bed Slide WaysEF J

K

Cross Slide J
K

Upper Slide J
K

KKTool Box J
K

- 80 -

172
EF

WE5 J6
K
E5 6FK

KE66FK

[5]KWE56F

[5] WE66F
- 81 -

172

EF

WFixturesE6 J6

WK

WChuck J

K 100 >

WChuck and Center J

K 100 <

WThe Face Plate J

WTwo Centers J

K Lathe Carier or Dog

WThe Clamp Chuck or Collet J

K12>

WSteady or Follower Rest J

E12<F

K J

- 82 -

172

EF

KE76F

EF

EF
- 83 -

172

EF

[5]KWE76F
WE76
HHH =
KH

W
tc = L / n .f
minutes
nFK
tc

WL K
L = lb + lwp + la

Kla

lwp

lb

KE86F

KWE86F


- 84 -

172

EF

E8 J6

K

F KE
W - 85 -

172

EF

F
E

F
KE

F
ECNC

F
E

K -

K F -

KE

K -

K -

E F K

K K -

K - 86 -

172

EF

WE9-6

WE196

EMild SteelF st 50

K10E96F

KWE96F

K J
K

K8540 J

K100> J

KEHHF J

WE106F J

- 87 -

172

EF

E1F

E2F

E3F

E4F

E5F

KWE106F

W J

KE2FE1F

KE4FE3F

KE5F

KE F

W J

KL20ZVL2Zf2.5ZdE1F

n =1000.V / 3.14 . D
40=159.3 [R /min]14 ..n = 1000 . 20 / 3
KE1FE2F

KEnFL20ZV

K????L20ZV

L2Zf 1Zd E3F

L2Zf

9.5 Zd E4F

K???L28ZVL0.063Z f 0.5 Zd E5F

KPmax J

K
- 88 -

172

EF

KE4FK

W
Fc = b. h. Ks
z
Ks= Ks.1.1 / h
Fc = d. f. Ks
0.26
Ks= 199 / 2 = 5276 [N.mm2]
Fc = 9.5 . 2 . 199 / 20.26 = 13287.2 [ N]
Pmax = Fc . V / 60 . 102

Pmax = (13287.2)/ 6120 = 2.171 [kW]

0.8

tc = L / n . f

WPmotor
Pmotor = Pmax / = 2.171 / 0.8 = 2.71 [kW]
_

2030Z3Z
L = lb + lwp + la
= 3 + 30+ 0 = 33 mm
n = 1000 . 20 / 3.14 . 30 = 212 [r / min]
tc = 33 / 212 . 2 = 33 / 424 = 0.07 [ min]
W J

K
WTaper TurningE296

WE

KE116F
- 89 -

172

EF

[5]KWE116F

=Dd/2L
W (

K
KE126F

KWE126F

- 90 -

172

EF

10ZK

K750500

KEF
K

KE136F

[5]KWE136F
W

E14 6F K

- 91 -

172
EF

WE J146F
[5]K

235W

K6

WE J146F
AC = 235 . tan 6 = 235 . 0.0523 = 12.3 mm
20F 20:1
WE1
11.75Z20L235Z

5.88Z2L11.75Z
WScrew TurningE396

KE156F
- 92 -

172

EF

[2]WE156F

FE6FE7F

KEFE4FE

EFE3F

E8FK

EZ2 FEZ1F

WE8F

E2FLE1F
E1FLE 2 FZ
L1Z2L1

6Z3Z

2L1Z6L3Z2L1

E1F

KE16 6F

- 93 -

172

EF

[2]KWE16 6F

- 94 -

172

EF

W
K( 1

K( 2

K( 3
K( 4

W( 5

K J K J

K J

K J K J
K J

W(

K J

K J

K J

KE

K J

K J

K J

K (6
( 7
(8
(9
(10
K( 11
(12
- 95 -

172

EF

(13

W( 14

K100> J

WE

K100> J

K100< J

WE

J JK100< J

K12>

WE

K J100> J12> J

(15

(16

(17

(18

(19
(20
(21
(22
(23
(24
(25
WE1F (26

- 96 -

172

EF

(27

K (28
W (29

K5250E30

KE31

WE32
60Z J

K4Z J

L0.4Z J KL25Z J

K20 J

K0.8Z J

- 97 -

172

EF

Milling W
WE1 J7
K

K E F

EPeripheral milling F

E1 7FKE Face millingF

[14]KWE17F
Lfz

b
ae

- 98 -

172

EF

WMilling Applications E27

KE27FK

[2]KWE27F

WMilling MachinesE37
W
KE37FK

- 99 -

172
EF

[14]KWE37F

7FK

KE4
K

- 100 -

172

EF

[9]WE47F

Bed Cross Saddle

Vertical Saddle

Crossrail Spindle Carrier Work Surface

- 101 -

172
EF

WMilling Cutters E4 J7
K
W

W J

W J
KW J

K W J
KW J

KE57F

- 102 -

172

EF

[4]KWE57F

E5 J7

KEF
W
ft = fz . z. n
- 103 -

172
EF

KEKF

ft

KELF

KELFEF

fz

E1 7F
K

[2]KWE17F
- 104 -

172
EF

WE6-7
EF
K

K
L = lb + lwp + la[mm]

KE67F

KWE67F

WE77
W

K K
K

- 105 -

172

EF

WE177

KEK7.7FEK7.7F

Conventional EK7.7F
[14]Climb MillingWEK7.7F
Milling

K K

W
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z. s / 360
Cos s = 1 2d / D
W
K

ie

K d
- 106 -

172

EF

KE87F

KWE87F
Cos s = ((D / 2 d) / (D / 2) = 1 2d / D
zie / z = s / 360
zie = (z . s ) / 360
W
Fc = b . hm . ks
ks = ks.1.1 / hm
Hm = (114.6 / s) . fz . (d / D)
KEF hmW

KK

E277

KK

K
Wu
u = 0.05 d
d
d
EF

EF

- 107 -

172

EF

D= 1.33 . b

d =1.66 . b
KE97F

[14]KWE97F

WE1277

K

hm
KE107FK

KWE107F

W
hm = (57.3 / s) . fz . sin ( cos 1 cos 2)
- 108 -

172

EF

s = 2 1
cos 1 = 2 B1 / D
cos 2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z . s / 360

zie

K[]

K
K

WE1 J8F
E 50 Kp/mmF ST 50
KE117FK3

H.s.s.

50Z

8Zz

Z12

80ZD

= 90

E1 J8FWE11 J7F

- 109 -

172

EF

d
KL0.1ZELFfz

KL25ZEFV

0.26Zz
199ZKs.1.1
[kW] Pc = Ftotal . V / 102 . 60
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z . s / 360
Cos s = 1 2 d / D
= 1 (2 . 3 / 80)

= 1 (6 / 80)

= 80 (6 / 80)

= 74 / 80

= 0.925

s = 22 20 = 22.33

zie = (8 . 22.33) / 360 = 0.497

Fc = b . hm . ks
hm = (114.6 / 22.33) . 0.1. (3 / 80) = 0.0193 mm
ks = ks.1.1 / hz = 199 / 0.01930.26 = 5600 N . mm2
Fc = 50 . 0.0193 . 5600 =540.4 N
Ftotal = 540.4 . 0.497 = 268.6 N
Pc = 268.6 . 25 / 6120 = 1.1 kW

- 110 -

172

EF

WSpur Gear E87

(Dividing Head) K
W

WE127F

[5]WE127F

40E5FE4FW

E13F K E2F E3F

E7F K

K E8 6F

KE493743413937FE333129272321FE201918171615F

E F
- 111 -

172
EF

KEF 40
K

E12F K E10F E11F

K

K18
18L 4 2Z 18L 40Z

K 18

W1

40 18
K1818

W2

E 12 F 12L4

Z 12L 4Z 27L 9K 9 27 12
K3L1

W3

K 59L40K 59

KDifferential Dividing Head

E Z1 , Z2, Z3, Z , Z4F

K
- 112 -

172
EF

KE137F

[5]KWE137F

- 113 -

172

EF

W
KE1

E2

E3

WE4

WE

J J J
J

WE

J
J

WE
J

WE
J

K J

E5

E6

EF

WE7

K J

EF

EF

EF

EF

K J

K J

K J

K J

E8

E9

- 114 -

172

EF

E10

E11
K

KE12

E13

KE14

E15

KE16

KE17

KE18

E19

E20

E21

E22

4 L 600E23

K 75 12

K10545

0.8

K8

KE24

KE25

KK24E26

KE27
- 115 -

172
EF

GrindingW

E1-8
K
K

E 0.03 J 0.002F

\ 0.12 J 0.02FEF

KE

KE18FK

[5]KWE18F

WE2-8
W

W J
Em4 J 1FEm8 J 4F

KEm1 J0.25F J

K J
- 116 -

172

EF

KEF J
K J

J
K

K J

KE2 8F

[5]WE2 8F

- 117 -

172

EF

E3 8F

[5]WE38F

E F E 4 8F
K

[2]WE48F

- 118 -

172

EF

WGrinding Machines E38

KE5 8F

[14]KWE58F

KEF

WEF J

K
K

W J

W J

W J

KEFW J
K

- 119 -

W J

WWheel Guard J

172

EF

KE88FE78FE68F

[9]KWE68F

[5]KWE78F
- 120 -

172
EF

[9]KWE88F

- 121 -

172

EF

WGrinding WheelsE4 J8

KVoidsK

K
K

WWheel SymbolE148

A 46
k
5
v
KEC AFEAF

180 J 80 60 J 30 24 J 8FE 46F

KE3FKE600 J200

Z U - Y E - T A - D FE kF
KE

KE15 J98 J1FE5F

KEvF
W

Vertified
Resinoid

Rubber

V
B

Shellac

Magnesia

Mg

- 122 -

Sillicate

172

EF

Wheel ShapesE248

K E98F

[1]KWE98F
WWheel SelectionE58

K
K

K
K

K
K

K
- 123 -

172

EF

E6 J8
E18F K

/
35
20
25

/
8
8
8

/ /
30
25
25
25
25
20

/
15
25 Vitrified

1525 Vitrified H.s.s

up to

45 Organic

15 Vitrified

25 Vitrified

30 Vitrified

- 124 -

172

EF

/ x

0.2 0.5 - 0.5 - 0.6 0. 5
0.7
0.7 0.84
0.2 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.25 0.4
0.3
0.5
0.4

KWE18F

WE7 J8

EF

K
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la
KE108F

KWE108F

- 125 -

172

EF

WSafety Rules in GrindingE8 J8

W
K

KELF
KEF

KE
KE

KEFE

KE
KE
KE

E
K

E
K

KE

KE

K J

KE

- 126 -

172

EF

E
F

KE

KE

KE
K E
K

KKE

KE
JK
K

K??

- 127 -

172

EF

W
K .a

K .b
.c
.d
.e
.f
.g
.h
K .i
K

.j

K .k
K

.l

K .m
K .n
K .o

- 128 -

172

EF

W
Nontraditional Machining Processes

1940K
WK
KEF J
K J

K J
KPlasma Arc MachiningE1.9

KL6K1001
K

KE1.9FK

[14]WE1.9F
- 129 -

172
EF

EF

K
K

30000

K
K

WLaser Beam MachiningE2.9

KK

KE1.2.9FKEF

[14]WE1.2.9F

K1K10
- 130 -

172

EF

KL90L6K

KE2.2.9F

[14]WE2.2.9F

KEF

KK

EE3.2.9FF

[14]WE3.2.9F
- 131 -

172
EF

WWater Jet MachiningE3.9

40000.50.1

LK8LK4K1001

K
KE1.3.9F

[9]KWE1.3.9F

- 132 -

172
EF

WElectro Discharge MachiningE4.9

E1.4.9KK

[14]KWE1.4.9

KE2.4.9FK

- 133 -

172
EF

[14]WE2.4.9F

500000200
EF KK1KK3

KE

K12000

E3.4.9F
K

- 134 -

172

EF

[14]KWE3.4.9F

KKK3K1

KK7
K

KE5.4.9F

[14]KWE5.4.9F
- 135 -

172

EF

Electrochemical MachiningE5.9

KE1.5.9FK

[9]WE1.5.9F

E305FE4000050F

EFEFEF

K
K

K
KEK8KK3F

J J

J J

60

KL240

K
K

- 136 -

172

EF

KE2.5.9F
KK

[9]KWE2.5.9F

KE3.5.9F
K

[9]KWE3.5.9F




- 137 -

172

EF

Electron Beam MachiningE6.9

KE1.6.9F

[9]KWE1.6.9F

EKK5F

K
K

12000

- 138 -

172
EF

KKKK51KK1 J

K6.3 J

- K

K J

- 139 -

172
EF

E10
WE1.10

K
K

KEF

KE NCNumerical Control F

K

CNC - K

KComputer Numerical Control

- 140 -

172

EF

WE2.10
W

K J K J

EF J

K J

K J

WE3.10
W

fSNF J
ET

K J

M03FM J
M05M07

EEFM10 M60
- 141 -

172

EF

G01FG J

G97G02
EEF
N10 G96 S200 F0.2 T01

N10

G96

L200 S200
KL0.2F0.2

K1T01

WE4.10
K

KE1FK

KE3FE2FE1F

KE6FE5FE4F

- 142 -

172

EF

[12]WE1F

KE3FKClosed Loop System

KE4FKK

[12]WE4F

- 143 -

172

EF

[12]WE3F

KWE4F

K
K

[9]WE4F

- 144 -

172

EF

W
?KE1

K??

KE2
K J

K J

K J

KE3

Cutting motion

WWorkpiece

tool

Feed Motion

K
- 145 -

172
EF

Setting the Cutting Depth Motion

KK
K

KE4

KE5

- 146 -

172

EF

KE6

KE7

KE8

KE9

- 147 -

172

EF

KE10

EFK

K
K

K
K

WE31F

E11

EF

L15<

L155

5<

5>15Z

- 148 -

172

EF

E12

E)
K

E13
W
K J

KE14

KE15

L80
K

KE16

K J
K

- 149 -

172

EF

WE17
EF
EF

EF

EFK

EF

EF
EF

(
(
(
(
(
(
(

WE18

800<

250 J150

150>

WE19

KE

KE

- 150 -

172
EF

KE

KK

- 151 -

172
EF

KE1

KW

K
K

KE2

E3

2FEFKE2F

FE

KEL

E4

K
- 152 -

172

EF

E5

Finishing

Roughing

K

K

E6

N
N=1000 V / d
[m/min]VW
rev/min N

[mm] Kd

E7

- 153 -

172

EF

( 8

KMild steel

E9

K
K

E10

- 154 -

172

EF

( 11

KK

E12

KE
EF

E
E

E
EF

- 155 -

KE
EF

172

EF

E1

K J

E2

KE3

E4

- 156 -

172

EF

E5
K J

E6

K J

s E7

K J

E8

E9

K J

KE10

- 157 -

172

EF

E11

??

KE13

KE14
ISO 2 DIN 4972 L 25 q k 10

KISO 2

DIN 4972

2525 q

K 10

KE15

J J

KE16

- 158 -

172

EF

EF

EF

E17

KE

KE

EF

K E

EF

E18

E19

K
1200

- 159 -

172

EF

W??

KE20

K J

KE21
K J
K J

K J

WE22

WE23

KE24

EF

KE25

KEF
- 160 -

172

EF

W
KE1

FsFz

KFSN

E2

J
K

K J
K J

EFixturesF J
K

E3

K
K

- 161 -

172

EF

KE4

WKinziele
Fc = b . h . ks
z
FKs= ks.1.1 / h = ( 3 5 s
h

1Z1Z Ks.1.1
E5

K67Etangential componentFFt
K27Eradial componentFFr

K6Eaxial componentFFa
E6

KE7

KE8

KE9

KE10

E11

Pc = Ft . V / 102 . 60 [kw]

[ N] Ft
- 162 -

Pc

[m / min] V

172

EF

K10260

EFK

W
Pmotor = Pc /

[kw]
K0.90.7

WE12

EF

EF

EF

EF

KE

KE

L45st 50E13
2L200Ks.1.1K222.4
KE

WK

0.8ZE

F = b . h . k s = A . Ks
A = b. h , b = d = 2 mm
2.4 = 2 . h
h = 2.4 / 2 = 1.2 mm
Ks = ks.1.1 / hn , n = 0.26
Ks = 200 / 1.20.26
= 190.7 kp/ mm2
F = 2.4mm2 . 190.7 kp / mm2 = 457.7 kp
P = F . V / 6120 = 457.7 . 45 / 6120 = 3.4 k
Pmotor = P / = 3.4 / 0.8 = 4.2 kW

- 163 -

172

EF

W
KE1

EFEF
K

EFE2

E3

K J

(4

J J

K (5

E4FEFE1FE3F

KE2F
K

KWE15F
- 164 -

172

EF

(6

K J

J
K

K (7
KK1

KK1

KK2

KK2

KK3

KK

K3

KK4

KK4

KK5

KK5

KK6

KK6

KWE35F

(8
K J

K J

K J

J J J J

- 165 -

K( 9
J

172

EF

E10

K J
K J

KE11
J

J
K J

(12

KIT 60.001

(13
J

K( 14
J
J

J
J

K (15

- 166 -

172

EF

K (16
K

(17

L42012 (18

L0.22K2

L1000116Z

K0.9Z

in [kp]
= ( 0.22 . 12 / 2) . Ks
ks = 1.25 (ks turning)
Ks turning = ks.1.1 / hz
h = (f / 2) sin
h = (0.22 / 2) . sin 116
h = 0.11 . 0.8988 = 0.1
ksturning = 1750 / 0.10.17
= 123.6 [kp]
ks Drilling = 1.25 . 123.6 = 154.5 [kp / mm2]
F = (0.22 . 6) 1545 = 2039.33 [kp]
in [kW]
Pc = (f . D2 / 8) ks . (n / 97400)
= (0.22 . 144 / 8) 154.5 ( 1000 / 97400)
= 3.96 x154.5 x 0.01 = 6.3 kW
in [kW]
Pmotor = Pc /
= 6.3 / 0.9 = 7
kW
- 167 -

F = (f x D / 2) . ks

172

EF

Z J

W( 19

K35Z J

KL0.4Z J

K5Z J

K J

L1500

K16Z J

K5Z J

120Z J

tc = L / n x f
L = lx + lb + lwp + la
lx = {(D / 2) . tan / 2}
= {(16 / 2) . tan 120 /2) = (8 .1.732) = 13.85 mm
L = 13.85 + 5 + 35 + 5 = 58.85 mm
tc = 58.85 / 1500 x 0.4 = 58.85 / 600 = 0.1 min

- 168 -

172

EF

W
K( 2

E2FE1F

E5FKE4FE3F
K

( 3
J J
K J

K( 4

EFE

WKEF

- 169 -

K( 5
J

K J

172

EF

W( 6

WE

J J

J
W

J J

KK( 7

J J J J

J J

J J

J J
K

( 8

- 170 -

172

EF

(9

(10

KK
K
K

(11

K( 12

K (20
K (21
K (22

K (23

(13

K J

K J

(14
K J

K J

K J

K J

- 171 -

172

EF

W( 15

K100> J

WE

100> J 100<

J 100> J

WE
100< J

12> J

WE

12> J
K

E15

E16

E17
K9

(19

HHZ

HH
K

- 172 -

172

EF

(20
W

J J

K J

K J

(21

tc = L / n x f
minutes
f

tc

L KL

HHZL
K

L = lb + lwp + la

(22

(23

- 173 -

172

EF

F E

W EF
F
KE

F
KECNC

F
KE

K -

K -

F -

KE

K -

K -

KEF K

- 174 -

172

EF

K -

K K

(24

W -

EF
F
KE

F
KECNC

F
E

- 175 -

(25

172

EF

(26

K K -

K -

K -

K( 27
K K -

K -

KKK -

- 176 -

172

EF

W( 28

Tan = D d / 2 L
= 37 30 / 2 x 40 = 7 / 80 = 0.0875

= 5
5250E31
AC = 250 . sin 5 = 250 .0.0871 = 21.775 mm

E32

E33
60Z J

4Z J

L0.4Z J L25Z J
- 177 -

172
EF

0.8Z J20 J
F = b . h . ks = d .f. Ks
, h = f = 0.4 mm
b = d = 2 mm
Ks = ks.1.1 / hn
, kx.1.1 = 1160 N / mm2 , n = 0.25
= 1458.6 N / mm2
Ks = 1160 / 0.40.25
F = 2mm . 0.4mm . 1458.6 N / mm2 = 1166.9 N
P = F . V / 6120 = 1166.9 . 25 / 6120 = 4.76 kW
Pmotor = P / = 4.76 / 0.8 = 5.95 kW

- 178 -

172

EF

KE1

KEF

EPrepherial Milling F

KE1.7FKEFace MillingF

E2

K K

E3

K J K J

K J

K J

K J K J

- 179 -

172

EF

E4

WE

K J K J

J J

K J

WE

K J

K J

K J

WE
K J

K J

WE
J

K J

K J

K J

K J

E5

K J

K J

K J

K J

E6

K
W

K J
K J

K J
- 180 -

172

EF

EF

K J

K J

EF

EF

WE7

EF

EF

K J

E8
ft = f z . z . n

n
K

K
EFK

fz
ft

E9

E10
K

E11
K

- 181 -

172

EF

KE12

EF

K
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la

E13
J

KE14
-

E15

KE16
zie = z. s / 360
Cos s = 1 2d / D
- 182 -

172

EF

Kzie

Kz
Ks
Kd

KD

Hm = (114.6 / s) . fz . (d / D)

hm
s
d

fz

KE18

E19
K

- 183 -

172

EF

E20

Wu
u = 0.05 . d
d
d
EF
d= 1.33 . b

EF
D=1.66 . b

E21
s = 2 1

cos 1 = 2 B1 / D
cos 2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z . s / 360
W

zie
K z
D

E22

W
hm = (57.3 / s) . fz . sin ( cos 1 cos 2)
s = 2 1
cos 1 = 2 B1 / D
- 184 -

172

EF

cos 2 = 2 B2 / D
zie = z. s / 360
W

zie
K z

42L600E23
K7512

K10545

0.75

K8

W d
KL0.1ZELFsz

0.26Zz
2L1990ZKs.1.1
Pc = Ftotal . V / 102 . 60 [kW]
Ftotal = Fc . zie
zie = z. s / 360
Cos s = 1 2 d / D
= 1 2 x 4 / 75
= 1 8 / 75
= 75 8 / 75
= 67 / 75
= 0.89
s = 27 40 = 27.66

KL25ZEFV

- 185 -

172

EF

zie = (12 . 27.66) / 360 = 0.922

Fc = b . hm . ks
hm = (114.6 / 27.66) . 0.1. (4 / 75) = 0.022 mm
ks = ks.1.1 / hz = 1990 / 0.0220.26 = 536.2 kp . mm2
Fc = 45 . 0.022 . 536.2 = 530.9 kp
Ftotal = 530.9 . 0.922 = 489.5 kp
Pc = 489.5 . 25 / 6120 = 1.9

kW
LZ

fz . z . nZft
n = 1000 . V / 3.14 . D

= 1000 . 25 / 3.14 . 75 = 106.2 r p m

mm /min
ft = 0.1 . 12 . 106.2 = 127.44
LZ

0.955Z127.44L123Z127.44LE8H8H105FZ

KE24

KKK

KE25

40E5FE4FW

E13FKE2FE3F
E7F K

KE86F

J39 J37FE33 J31 J29 J27 J23 J21FE20 J19 J18 J17 J16 J15F

F KE49 J47 J43 J41

- 186 -

172

EF

KEF40E

KE10FE11FK

KE12F

KK24E26
2E3L2FZ24L40

K1511

KE27

K J

- 187 -

172

EF

KE1

K
K

KE2

E0.03 J0.002F

L0.12 J0.02FEF

KE

E3

K J

E4

K J

K J
K J

- 188 -

172

EF

K J

K J

K J
E5
W

K -

E6

E7

KE8
46
k
5
v

C AFEAF
KE

J8060 J3024 J8FE46F

KE3FKE600 J200180
- 189 -

172

EF

U - YE - TA - D FEkF
KEZ

15 J98 J1FE5F
KE

KEvF
KE9
K

K
K

K
K

KE10

KE11

KE12

EF

K
[mm] L = lb + lwp + la
- 190 -

172
EF

KE13

K K K -

K -

K -

KE14

KELF .a
KEF .b

E3

E4

KE5

KE6

- 191 -

 172

EF

Abrasive

Alignment
Arbor

Arm bracket

Automatic
Backlash

Basic hole system

Basic shaft system

Bearing

Bed

Belt

Flat
V

Blind hole
Block

Bluntness
Borax

Boring

bar

Counter

. Tool
Burring

Carbide

GLOSSARY

172

EF

Cemented

Silicon

tipped tool

carriage

Cement
Centre

mark

punch
centering

tool

chain

chamfer

Change gears

Chart

chatter

Chip

breaker

clamping

... bolts
Clasp nut

Clay

Clearance angle

Closers
clutch

Concentricity
Coolant

 172

EF

cooling

Corundum

Counter borer

Counter boring
Cutting

. Angle
. Edge

Dry .

.. force

tool
Wet

Cylindrical grinder
Dial gauge

Dividing head

Dovetailed groove
Down milling

Draw in- bolt

dressing

Drill

Bench

Centre

Gang

Hand

Radial .

Twist
Upright

E F

EF

 172

EF

drilling

spindle
Spot .

machine

Drive

eccentric

. lathe

turning

Electrolytic copper

End face

End milling
. cutter
Engagement
Erection

Face plate
Facing

Feather key

Feed

.. gears

box
Felspar

Fine-pitch thread
Finishing

. tool
Fit
Class of

172

EF

Clearance
Grade of

Interference

Transition
System of

Flank

Floating reamer
Floating sleeve

Flute
flux

forming

gear

Bevel .

Worm .

<<Go >> gouge

grease

grinding

Cylindrical

External .
Internal ..

machine

Surface ..
. Wheel

Guiding way
Hardness

Headstock

 172

EF

High speed steel

Hob

Honing

Horizontal milling machine

Indexing

.. crank
. pin

.. plate

. Fixture
ISA

ISO

Jig boring machine

Knurling

Lead screw

Leading cutting edge

Lever

Control .

Hand .

Locking .
Limit gauge

Lip angle

Longitudinal

Lubricant

Lubrication
Machine

.. tool

EF

 172

EF

Magnesite

Maintenance

Major diameter
Margin

Marking

Mesh

Meshing

Metal cutting

Milling

. Cutter

Minor diameter

Muffle furnace

neck

Nominal size

Nose

.. angle

<<NOT GO>>gauge(also<<NO GO>> gauge)

Paraffin
Pilot

Pitch

. diameter
Plain tool steel

Planning

.. machine

Plug gauge
pneumatic

E F

 172

EF

Point angle

Power train

Radial drill
Rake angle

Reaming

Resin
Rest

Return stroke

Rigid

rough

Roughing
Scraper
Screw

Scriber

Self centering
Setting up

Shaft

Shank

Cylindrical .

Tapered .

shaping

.. machine
sharpening

Shell end mill

shellac

Side angle

E F

E F

 172

EF

Side angle

Sintering
Size

Nominal .

Basic

Slotting

Snap gauge
spacer

Spanner
Spindle
Spirit

Split nut

Stepped pulley
Stop

Straight turning

Switch

Swiveling arm

Table

Tailstock
Tap

tapping

Template

Testing
Thread

Metric

Whitworth

E F

EF

 172

EF

Threading
die

Three jaw chuck

Through hole

Tolerance

. Zone

Disposition

Grade of

Tool

holder
.. - life
. Post

Trailing cutting edge

Truing

T slot

Turning

tool

Turpentine

Twist drill
V block

Vertical milling machine

Vice

Wedge

angle
Worm

wheel

E F

172
EF

W
J1990 (1
KKK

E2

K1981E3

K1985E4

J_1977?E5

1977E6

1978E7

1977E8

172
EF

9) Tool and manufacturing engineers handbook volume I , Machining, Thomas
J. Drozda, Charles Wick, 1983, 4th edition, Society of manufacturing
Engineers, USA.
10)
Machining and metalworking handbook, Ronald A. Walsh, 1998, ,2nd
edition, McGraw Hill, USA
11)
Machining fundamentals, John R. Walker, 1989, forth edition, the Goodhreat
Willcox Company, USA
12)
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes, John A. Schey, 1987, 2nd edition,
McGraw Hill, USA
13) Basic machining Reference Handbook, Arthur R. Meyers, 2001, 2nd Ed., Industrial
press Inc.

14) Fachkunde Metall, 55th Ed.Verlag Europa Lehrmittel, 2007

172

172

1
2

WW

K3 J1

11

13

\1 J1

K2 J1

KK4 J1

K5 J1

K7 J1

K6 J1

KK8 J1

14

18

21

15

21

21

22

23

K1 J2

K2 J2

K3 J2

27

K4 J2

172

28

28

29

K1 J3

K2 J3

34

K5 J3

43

41

43

33
33

K3 J3
K4 J3
K6 J3

K7 J3

K17 J3

45

47

48

K2 J4

47

50

50

52

53

56

59

60

59

60

K1 J4

K3 J4

K5 J4

K4 J4

57

58

64

K3 J5

K15

K2 J5

KEF12 J5

172

66

68

69

71

75

75

76

79

85
88
91
91

K4 J5

K5 J5

K7 J5

K9 J5

K6 J5

K8 J5

78

K2 J6

K4 J6

78
79

83

86

89

K1 J6

K 3 J6

K5 J6

K7 J6

K6 J6

K8 J6

K9 J6

93

K2 J9 J6

96

K1 J9 J6

K3 J9 J6

98

101

102

K2 J7

101
102

WW

K1 J7

K3 J7

172

105

K4 J7

106

108

K7 J7

108

K5 J7

K6 J7

109

111

K1 J2 J7 J7

110

114

K17 J7
K2 J7 J7

K8 J7

117

119

KW

119

119

K1 J8

K2 J8

126

122

125

125

127

128

127

129

K3 J8

K4 J8

K1 J4 J8

K2 J4 J8

K5 J8

K6 J8

K8 J8

K7 J8

131

132

133

132

135

KE1.9

KE2.9

KE3.9

172

136

139

KE4.9

KE5.9

141

143

CNCW

143

144

144

145

KE6.0

148

155

148

159

164

167

171

190

181

172

9K1 J1

10K2 J1

11K3 J1

12 K4 J1

135 J1

14 K6 J1

14K7 J1

31 K1 J3

32K2 J3

32K3 J3

33K4 J3

33K5 J3

35K6 J3

42K7 J3

49 K1 J4

53K2 J4

59 K1 J5

60 K2 J5

61 K3 J5
62K4 J5

172

64K5 J5

66K6 J5

72K7 J5

73K J8 J5

74K8 J5

75K9 J5

78K1 J6

79K2 J6

81K J3 J6

81K J3 J6

82K J3 J6

82K J3 J6

83K4 J6

85 K5 J6

86K6 J6

87K7 J6

88K8 J6

909 J6

91K10 J6

93K11 J6
9412 J6

95 K13 J6

95K14 J6

96K4 J6

9615 J6

97K16 J6

172

101K1 J7

102 K2 J7

103K3 J7

104K4 J7

106 K5 J7

108 K6 J7

110K7 J7
111K8 J7

111K9 J7
112K10 J7

114 K11 J7

116K12 J7

119K1 J8
120K2 J8

121 K3 J8

121K4 J8

122 K5 J8

123K6 J8
124K7 J8

124K8 J8

126K9 J8

128K10 J8

172

16K1 J1

17K2 J1

25K1 J2
26K2 J2

26K3 J2

27K4 J2

28K5 J2

37 K1 J3

38K2 J3

39K3 J3

K4 J3
40
40 K5 J3
41K6 J3

51 K1 J4

63K1 J5

65K2 J5

67K3 J5

68K4 J5
69K5 J5

172

69K6 J5

70K J6 J5

71K7 J5

107K1 J7

128K1 J8