Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy
Edited by Fathi Habashi
‘Volume II: Primary Metals
Secondary Metals
Light Metals
® WILEY-VCHReargcomnm Preface
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Table of Contents
otone
Part One The Metal Industry
1 Than Ceo
5 fepetngot wes 2.
{ bpPdmaMenle
Port Two Rerrous Metals,
6 Sa ie
4 Female ‘es
Vole I
77
j
10 Zoe
| Parr Four Secondary Metals
1 Amey ms
Port Five Light Metals
Vote
Part Six Precious Metals
Part
‘seven
Part Eighe
Part Nine
Part Ten
Part
leven
Port
Twelve
Refractory Metals
2 haya
Seattered Metals
34 Gene
3 Tun
Radioactive Metals
Rare Earth Metal
etme 17
erroalloy Metals
‘Steen
Akal Metals
a9
191
tas)
osom i Part Three
Pat Adaline Earth Metts Primary Metals
Tarien Sedat 2
thors ass _ . x fe
Name Inde... 8 ue ele[s oF im
Sanject Index. ..208 ifs fer a
x [ea] se |v | cra] ro be |
ose] ¥ 2 |e oo] Rh Fe me 1 |
1 [ce[me)ns|om fs] [oe
ASSESSSSScesccc)t
8 Copper
tren 4m. 4613 cm tg 8
82 By papei Sein
22 Chomal ope, a =
‘et Cpe Cm Se
Th Siete: est Cot =
1D Seen ‘eat arn s
te meet oan Sa =
Bd Rog 2s
2 Caper ome m84. Introduction
oly Bone ements lor tert
1 eran oly ser neon
ei ee ec
osepanuieaieea
us canon alas, pray as aod
ee gear Ce
Tesi pvc
‘Buti let rahe dango
‘aya Acting ml. egos.
etre or Ape) ws he
Serna n f Cypnay Somes
Reapog Gre sheep auc
SRL Ree
‘Ene he ume need pam, et
‘Sinton Theta rhe igre
ert ett omega wet a
‘Recor earned heplepe cae
(Ghia orgy) coe ee,
‘Seca ra apt
"Ao wis and, om he ey
pthread at of Wen
‘Seeded tr sign mea eel
‘try 2-20, The et mata fd by
‘ese man ow pnd ope ae
Seenienee ie Tree eg
Insuber ase wig Un scaty
Se dele coger inlet
‘feminine woe pesmedione te
Seeing am
TI nit
ted an ming ine oe
me
Sass
rou
Sete coon eent
Sees
Sones
eee
Botan
Sopescthe
Spica
Feeney
sneer
oe er
eee
ganas
Bape eee
ee
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Peon
Sacer een
gecgumemenas
Seat aia
Saas
seem int c
cocaine
Sears
Shigeo ens
LS
ected
Pe
oveeeeeeetoralare
Steele
oan as
Beare mas meee
Sra
Svar
Se pre my eH ag
een ett ely fm
Sree
Seen ts
sere eee
[aoa ee
ee es
9) hme bee acre get, The
Lecce
Fiesta jaye
‘i ena 8) mie a
uc me nay cE.
She Io ars it ined
82. Physical Properties“
Man pope of lic append on
es tov copper ete otk Qa)
ae
eoneecs
‘ees
Ts denn et ti
"Te vos proper ad
SSL vid Sao so
‘yest impersonal
ten).
‘eof sper ene ms
NS SePOaet cc io
(eho eu BS Sistem Tete aoie ce pew gut meng iis he aig
Foe mente 3 af which Seehing he gan etcn
Caiesaciogeria Sth teepatope ererig
cma sce, Ame pone, Sem dc ie bi, pin,
2 nclg peace 7 pe uewinacene tan so ee
Goel acy ies eh
Segall fe ilove diac
to nr ia
ea aes ee Pad
‘SEUSGotgtt epi nana 22
‘SSinefarkas gon oid oe &
Santina ate 1g DOE COS Pox ceps yong a aR
“he domty ofeonmmc come depots tae wn tin Decee
cottsopalin orca Saco etn Sa es te ep
SEE per, lien te wacgey ata
thea igs ee af ah
Recline Sere ee
SEeoaahcepae, ERAS, tec ctheemesfmeres ch
irae eat el ne ele eereenr eee
pour buccamapnsticont Santen areet
“Fagen opel mechan ap
Sacer
— = Ese
a
saute _ ee
Saas Seva see
sieveene a0 Cede etc Ai mci
mr gechge Soe npr cual evaguny
‘Mecano neat meta a es we et oat oe
Sos ss scene dice ee Ca Sie ie en heading
‘ring inmecss teers se tele| Thermal Proper, npn femal va
Seng eried'watecoppe; sve ure empl tT The Sec
weenie
Satrem ree att
Boerne
See sone eet wad nb Unie
Scheer
ore eanasectE
Srior ree
ee
To cea ae
poeemee eis
ead
ve mane eet
Seetoass
sens fr ni cng pe
orton gly Cogr may eso
a tt enc y cl ng
nme oboe taing eet fhe
feta vue Tee a ge le he
[Sere copper tn iowersiomduciy
ae eng a
Evia aereetar plane
Sain
eee
uBio Nem gS), tl he
Lecter
See eas
Sess
‘Caine ema rr
Dex edna we get er
Fromage pcr cnsnon maeTee die oe 3 eco t?
eighth mts ceorn coe
eaten, ela ede Soe
Fan (Ge) wis pce Mtl
‘is ah ee
‘ps et aoe anemone
s Hi
__ Desai Ste ah (125)
Sige ceed ei
1S
seis 1, ce ere en
pain compton wi owe o ere
“Beavo n Ae Cope in ey a om
‘enponare soiy dca +a pee
‘Sit eoppar) ee Orig 9h
imate tae cyanins icareot
‘Fery Se ne pte whch ce
Sy fe es th se
‘Seas Gis Sia ou cocng
‘Ste ey nin he oe of ac
‘Stastny he eee fc
tie" Ciper nh alin for fe
‘Mic uu hype se
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‘Sin bet hi
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ao fron of cpise -
Snes
pe
Siete eae Sa
pecterrro
aerate
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ees
mete
Semitic 7
Corde 29-90 M1 ou
‘pet nap ition daa or
Sis aha sour incor C21 So
sot pent
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SS
eet so
come Cp Ast
cri ore erste
Sieteeeeemnce™
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heater sak
ecm
Some
yon comity se ae
(neat form ee The sbi fa
lowe Sr i, ng rpertonal he
‘sue oro te pr res bo be
tleser den no Hons te
‘clue Hyannis pe say Be
‘Ste itseonty nl sna vole
root used ogee
sof mee iepe
eapeaa0tiny
ce a praca niin de
{Si copper ieccatons erly So et
‘ct wi copper A ucepton. eye
(Gyo actan peri fo
‘he Maly expinie eapper sce Coe,
sn Ca et ete ee
‘tated it cope age
ep tn erg cop 50
Se Ot ear aes 10 pm
erat seca ais vas
[Rpm Cope hind of nde
fists it reste pe
BA Copper Mineral
et aso, btel ee 2
feruncs cope (Neo
esau ocr (gee snd lc)
opp a op clo sana
‘oie io pc oe a sie,
‘nly calcopyt, ai, ed clos,
ee aconpuned 87 Pyne ple‘Scary cope er (Quote tt
on aneree rte copper afte
Pe ere Meow Spe et
tae cn ep ti
Fes eran go Stal ear
‘Sts ounin xs comple oe For
Se Seton uy Oa cae
ton Zs ba Zam tel cr
fons see amo mae
3 Se Se met
io fap om nt
Orne igre
.cearieatte ee
‘pore ie panoply alta to ore,
[ee
SS See Secs
ee Oe se
hae
Fie doen
aes
peieercaree
seh eceoes
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‘psa colag of maga
Tete il ep of
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‘pear ech Nein Coca
a Be ce Gore
Sao
pie iets
este
Seeeereesae
°c fun amas Yanai eh
soe meena
‘nein snes een Ea
cMes arenas ae
ESS
Sores
-Erceergateen epi
‘Say Samaria
Saar
Saas
Saaceer
SESS ar
=a
‘Sereeiare
843 Copper Ore Deposits
Coit re cr
eens
Epes ee
“gp ct cs
“ibs a ee
Sa
Es
* Neca aN
far nx: een Pn
(foie Rae (ec, Keane, ad
‘ian ber
‘inn od ey
+ Bowe: aan Ses, gavin
‘ude Non Swen soda
se Ame yan inert ereB44 Copper Resourcer
ese he ett (nein
‘lie “unico Opps an
Sree meee ae of on
siete pees ae pa
ort bo) Oe wd exec
‘re exe a S05 1 copy Tae
Sic ltotcogper eee ieee
Sp Ptr pn
‘Boater 2h ra elon
‘omit ame tach wi
‘itt hocen ae by nye ee
‘onisancy espn tmein )
SAS Mining
tetra cata teete
euimeeeeeee
so peel cca ee
Sie eioners
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taxon
Mk fn,
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cone ow oer ines ost em
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pees
fe
pan eee cueaanst
Save
Sp errrns
Saenecnanees
gneeeeats:
Scotia
reed
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SSS
EVvracoanats
Stooge
U3 ca ant 05% (eas 1.48) Coe
ity gue ie ve calc an it
ene ie Boab cee
verte er oper aon mabe
ate tun ced coal eon
tc of te ae C3
{2 owe ey compa, C) meme
‘Surceqer giz) eral
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sat alee ued) ot
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Sting a ncakconigmica
‘eon ceive Sass
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mesh by eopes lng
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‘ee ery cate
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poten ad
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mess
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853° Roasting
‘Romsng my dt pape sie
conn tse froth
{STerhcronenngen open Pre
Scheel "pecman” be pap
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(dune pbc anes
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‘ewcyaen eu eo pt
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whe iin mt
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Sang owing cr ow 550-
SGC rm mifuce Toads
toe wea oe
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prt fo seat chi
Eig doen ep oot
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‘he nh Vanessa pss wch
oe ols oe of
‘cesar deed cae
‘Srempeote|
‘en ewe sr at
‘ane
Sih apes ge en
so
Hig tempers The wl oo he
‘inning ges gs|
amr sy af ne to
Matchen fame, wich pce
ater ay wart oe wey
Saye eens moda grt wal
[Bows nest ams ta See
sin cm tnt os
Sara saz
aaron ene
nears se
{Bas of rr on ln sod
Samana
‘Sie ges ar Ponce Sting
Fad sang aces comicerusng
i wang tse ot oe ae
Sewage
{tunes a sonst ac plas. The SO,
B54 Behavior ofthe
Componente
stn at ese OS rtd
th oe cs i etl x
Ligon le ee Riri
ste Sto
RA,
‘tic engine omar ope
sheng pose CC)
Es
SL ccmacmaee
Slee mene age
‘ine mia ep ne a
‘orienta stanogeror ca ot
‘Sipe anon dese pens
S7ea RS oyeemSee
ler Se
a tig pine rcp oe
Tanecmgcere cores
Snitch ace cain
Serer
Sasa eat
pt sel or ee
are aS et aes e
sich Reet
‘Semty of per meen agen
gece
Reena
Sain
SAS. Slags
Ses fm copes mate sing enn
0 nate oom nr
‘Sesame preg n 109, sat
‘en in, Suc pen coed
‘rerun ondeineC20 e0 Sy
{eller em othemanety iw 2
‘Suto ot ng be pes et
O"Reoy 9) fl (eae 8) Tey
‘rome ea thr into
‘Zoe tod ine tt 0) ie
Soest gue comps of oe
Soe eee
“The ccs of mate ameng ce
sete tp omnes me
‘Simncogpe atte Sag aie
IRepopesf nga nests tsp
Helou row lig nr oa
8 oe ny of ad gn 31-36,
‘eat ae ance ey be
Scenes mattis 1 Son
ely vey htt
‘Terie wei ett cea
=a Soe ee tne
‘Sgr anning 08% copper wear
‘sor silo hw of Scat
‘ui oan anor). Whee
{ip cnaswy oom» ee
[psi fo era ration rie
‘ernie ry a ui so
‘Son, poy oe pt wae
‘Greening sa tai
SSeS rosy prin ee
BSAA Oxidizing Smelting
Processes
eri ton et pa
aoc CE hago noon oh
‘Seat eny tems oe co
‘Ene, emf caper ah pond
me npr ish oe
‘Sere ang he eae rere
‘Palo Sn aera Sn th ne
‘os fh sing poet ih shee
(ge comerag hr ce peeran
Kemet ieee de mtes
‘ecg wae Sats eat
‘ren, ae 0 compu ep
ages td pene of pe rae
‘ii eg ee apts
Ese th pled dat iy coaerbiy
(Gein econ dpe ote ee
‘macnn wis
° Sct tir cet
rence oma } wee cope ‘pyran 08 ie
Cony
Se
ieee] Nec ew ae
ro r oe
I | |
I
‘esonofcore
ios oan te se
“he receiy pops temrelcson
| eer ano ‘oan pot sncte eannye, Aner preach owed co
See pert oe cae
S55 Traditional Bath Smelting
es he Garman Soin ng
SRR a Rice mes
‘sey ing t,he we
ia? Neh oper ening oo
sh ge at oer) fam
‘cps Laney ect ae
eke wo ved
8551 Blast Fornace Smelting
sting then, amp coper oe. HE
‘st fic coca we wae ey mat
‘tage ying le
‘een bl ce ti perme
‘Spiny compe econ een
SRR aon ve ine
[5s imermcdite dies (eg coment
Sxeccerpeh one re
{a nd comperatr
ane eeunglr ewe develmen it
‘See nay tate bx pi
Shean ct bgcatoae
om af mane opecning eae
afte
sede ats tha i, mete,
{5a imi acne wi seve bo
‘Sin ie The me oe
(bag se (he perma, wae
opr sabe Sane dn.
‘emg ii os
nts wee il le rote
‘esta ed preter ie
Sen Gotal ade Goe
ispunbukapprtsbecayaneoaciy.
Pes tig The we owe bone cae be
ted thet oc ma and ng
‘pen val cin a Oe at
‘Stn ih sneenasons oe
‘toy ae om pe chine
exopoe
‘Sus auch pea eaten
‘erate hsm ne Moss
feds pn (195) nope
‘SS lat) rwsl
Eco oe at hs eras
emi ay Chey, Shea Ps.
8552 Reverberatory Furnace
Smelting
‘Spy herrea formar Gove) be
(teen pie epper ae
‘ii ee ey
‘Stine sranmof recede et
tm ow ep ly
a ape he emtctin sche
Slows in pw 810 Tis ua mace
‘heey ing ee ek
‘eemhy mae ir pnd o>
“Engrs, sec eo.
Sige pcease sonal nde
peda a mae wi echnpale
ec "Thsghar cn ors 100 a
‘sitesi se se ad
ISneson) an eppereanverer sa.
forsterite er
‘Eyre fee exe ato
cn mogtm mgr ar
Sita pein On cn
[Shrenmen athena
Sire pene)
Svomntnatnbse domes
sacra rs er teehee ee
Il pening he oto ough
‘Swath in Figo 0 Pol (a
rue tery fr of ot
‘Smee eed we eae
‘ene ervey ances:
‘oie lly xing eral Th
(Bs (0-100) ows raph wae
penne pe
Tec cd ng saps 7 copper
sis he cp of ne mato hc
{Penal cn rsa 60-80 cfr
‘spl poem i event
cea eaten highaeing mane
(2 ene to es of
Inge chang oars wae ae
‘fen aoe geee cen
sane pues cn smeared
Toatg wd cu 2 m0 bo pein
at, ol te tcc
“The every soc ht he Habs
eer Tapes prea
(pence fame cose et SO
‘fod tn incre to
‘Soyer Onna neing8553. Modern Reverberatory
Smelting
sea nen sciegrage
‘ar pds i New eee:
‘Srey by ang nygcn and eballng exa
Spee deans
(2 conte 2 envi ot
‘fp tebe or sali sd poe
+2 cl ry ning Se
‘Be vealy remo oe
‘Seabee Te weg a my
kee pig
1 Gre sine meting A sent
ol ative an of ce
rior pe brent fee at
{ere conceal ee
Ui ed a ayaee OF) grea 8
‘eh gas mate Coming eo 75 Co
‘ie piney « Pipe ang pe
ee
1 Be cre ing pcs BIS
SSSA_ Hletrc Furnace Smelting
erect aopat
Sieh pee ets
meee
meets See
Sesame
eons
Goteoecmes
Sheer ae
Ba
arth pec in wer bre coss-
Shae oee
Sea taeeatenteel
pee emanate
Seeaemecs
Saiesoicces
tthe pepe cieoreces
ee
Ee mere cnr gt ve
phew nape, whee eee mate
pee
Semeemseies
Seseetcee ered
Eisieeece
peeeronteees
penton the beens the dese
piasoteasons:
ere
fee eee
Reem ‘The it
i iiimomcs
See
‘etlows tn ei) e
sneer
fate
‘soe Proce Li eps (ane
Foe ea a hr wh
‘Newt deadue costs we ced
{nates y coal ins el poe Gear
flee fee (2500 fy Sm danse),
iced epee 0 Cd
Seopenin sine dere
56 Aste Seng *
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Swine
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(Solow win ype anne af
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Senne
1 Becaagl ape sor wn es
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orga Yn omen
cage tors
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seep
2S Se
nomenaemenss
Sees
ceeranens rave
me ceineetean
SSeeeene
sta ceo To rece
ote
‘oct te pombe ech Seed
‘ie can aha 10% of ep
cocemremens 0:
sumeeeorenne:
Seneca
a
“shaming
See ioneean
Sasmeaeearan
Titsocnanarconpents tr or
oo
+ Seam re Mi
‘Sipe tts nh or onper eho
eotaemes ate
tomes Tare ey ny
Serer
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Sree te
teed ite FSFE (ah Setng Tames
SPS es
So i eR
Fe Tubs § udev 34 operon
Rite
Sek meocciante
{wo cnstuge the hgh coer of
Sores
Soe cicero
Sigemments ioe
Sntwweneae
+e gt inca Nw
Sa eecaramrs
‘eee enw en
‘Serey approaching coatinous smehiog ad
8562 INCO Flash Smelting
‘SSacheraay rena thas
‘Stopes sig Aron he
‘eto wo rte we pti
ican een 0b Soares
marae =
‘Seino hgtes Sm bated mony
GSise ae tows bey eesSage cucaes
cinerea
nies
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m sieatiiras sec
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et
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