Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuh

Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

uo tuokpu vkanksyu
bl fdrkc dk izdk'ku Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr us
^lj nksjkcth VkVk VLV* osQ lg;ksx ls fd;k gSA
bl vkanksyu dk edln vke turk esa
iBu&ikBu laLfr fodflr djuk gSA

Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuh

ekf.kd okykoydj

iqLrdekyk laiknd
rkiks'k porhZ

dkWih laiknd
jk/s';ke eaxksyiqjh

doj ,oa xzkfiQDl

txeksgu

Bharatiya Chitrakala Ki Kahani

Manik Walawalkar

Series Editor
Taposh Chakravorty

Copy Editor
Radheshyam Mangolpuri

Cover & Graphics

Jagmohan

izFke laLdj.k

First Edition

uoacj] 2007

November, 2007

lg;ksx jkf'k
35 #i;s

eq.k
vko`Q"V xzkfiQDl
xqM+xkao] gfj;k.kk

Contribuation
Rs. 35

Printing
Aakrisht Graphics
Gurgaon, Haryana

Publication and Distribution

Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti
Basement of Y.W.A. Hostel No. II, G-Block, Saket , New Delhi - 110 017
Phone : 011 - 26569943, Fax : 91 - 011 - 26569773
Email : bgvs_delhi@yahoo.co.in, bgvsdelhi@gmail.com
website: www. bgvs.org
BGVS NOVEMBER 2007 2K 0035 NJVA 0094/2007

Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuh

ekf.kd okykoydj

Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh dgkuh

Hkkjr osQ fdlh Hkh xkao dh lqcg ns[ksa izlUu okrkoj.k esa iqrkbZ
fd;k gqvk vkaxu] mlesa cukbZ gqbZ lisQn jaxksyh vkSj mlesa 'kqHklwfpr
djus okyk gYnh&oqQeoqQe dk fryd--- yxHkx gj fnu dk Lokxr
,sls gh jaxksa vkSj js[kkvksa ls gksrk gSA jaxksyh dh bu js[kkvksa ls ;g
?kj ;k vkaxu fdl izns'k dk gS] ;g vki crk ldrs gSaA oSQls\
js[kkvksa osQ y;nkj cy ls vkSj muls curs vkdkjksa lsA ;g egkjk"V
dh jaxksyh gS] caxky dh vYiuk gS] nf{k.k dh dksye ;k jktLFkku
dk eaMy gS ;g vki crk ldrs gSaA bl utkdr Hkjh jaxksyh dk
vkLokn ysdj vkxs c<+sa rks NksVh&lh lhf<+;ksa osQ ikj ?kj dk njoktk
fn[krk gSA bl ydM+h osQ njokts dh pkS[kV ij Hkh oqQN&u&oqQN
uDdk'kh ns[kus dks feyrh gSA bl uDdk'khnkj njokts dks yka?kdj
?kj esa >kaosaQ rks irk pyrk gS] ?kj fdruk Hkh NksVk vkSj lknk gks]
mlesa txg&txg dyk osQ uewus fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ?kj osQ iqjkus crZu]
nh,] ydM+h dh vyekfj;ka vkSj ,slh dbZ phtksa ij ikjaifjd
dkjhxjh osQ fu'kku cus gksrs gSaA
,d oDr ,slk Fkk fd loZlkekU; euq"; dk thoueku Hkh
lkSan;Z ls Lif'kZr FkkA gekjs R;kSgkjksa dh fof/ vkSj muls lacaf/r
jaxlaxfr bldh lk{kh gSA Hkkjr osQ fofHk tkfr;ksa esa ^thorh* ;kuh
ekr`nsork dh iwtk gksrh gSA vyx&vyx izns'kksa esa ukx] gkFkh] 'ksj
vkfn izkf.k;ksa dh Hkh iwtk gksrh gSA bl iwtk osQ cgkus ?kj dh vkSjrsa
4

nhokjksa ij fp=k cukrh gSaA dbZ txgksa ij yksx 'kknh dk ?kj ,sls gh
fp=kksa ls ltkrs gSaA bruk gh ugha] uotkr f'k'kq osQ tUe vkSj ?kj esa
fdlh dh e`R;q tSls izlaxksa ij Hkh fp=k cukus dh izFkk gSA jaxksyh gks
;k ,sls fp=k] Hkkjrokfl;ksa osQ fy, ;s osQoy fp=k ugha gSaA muosQ
fy, ;g tUe ls e`R;q rd thou dh vuar Hkkoukvksa dh vfHkO;fDr
gSA
fp=kdyk dk mn~xe oSQls gqvk] bldh ,d dFkk Hkkjrh; iqjk.kksa
esa fy[kh gqbZ gSA fo".kqkeksZkj iqjk.k osQ 35 osa v;k; osQ izkjaHk esa
;g dFkk gSA ,d ckj ukjk;.k f"k ri osQ fy, cSBs FksA banznso us
viuh lkjh vIljkvksa dks mudh riL;k Hkax djus osQ fy, Hkst
fn;k] fdUrq f"k us mu vIljkvksa dks ns[kdj] mu ij eksfgr gksus
dh ctk; ve`rjl ls mohZ ij] ;kuh tehu ij] ,d yko.;orh dk
fp=k cuk;kA ;gh yko.;orh ;kuh moZ'kh FkhA f"k us bl fp=k esa
izk.kksa dh LFkkiuk dh vkSj og fp=k thfor gks x;kA f"koj }kjk
fufeZr bl laqnj vIljk dks ns[kdj banz dh lkjh vIljk,a 'kfenk
gksdj ogka ls pyh xbA blosQ i'pkr ukjk;.k f"k us fp=k dk
'kkL=k rS;kj dj mls fo'odekZ dks fl[kk;kA vkSj ;gha ls fp=kdyk
dk tUe gqvkA
ge vius vkl&ikl esa vusd fp=k ns[k ns[krs gSa dHkh ?kjksa
esa] dHkh eafnjksa esa] dHkh dk;kZy;ksa esa vkSj dHkh dyk&nh?kkZvksa esaA
vkidks dkSu&lk fp=k ilan vkrk gS\ vxj ge ;g loky iwNsa
rks vkieas ls gj ,d dk tokc vyx&vyx gksxkA fdlh dks
i'kq&iafN;ksa osQ fp=k ilan vk,axs] fdlh dks balkuksa osQ] fdlh dks
fliZQ isM+&ikS/ksa osQ fp=k vPNs yxsaxsA dksbZ dgsxk] eq>s oLrq&fp=k ;k
ladYi&fp=k ilan gSaA fp=k vPNk yxrk gS bldk eryc D;k
gksrk gS\ fp=k dk fo"k;] vkdkj] jax] js[kkvksa ls ifjiw.kZ cuk gqvk
fp=k vPNk yxrk gSA fiQj Hkh bl vPNk yxus dk eryc D;k gksrk
gS\ fdlh fp=k dk fo"k; cgqr vPNk gS_ ij mldh js[kk,a vkSj
vkdkj vPNs u gkas rks D;k gksxk\ fo"k; Bhd ls le> esa vk,xk
5

ugha vkSj fiQj fp=k T;knk vPNk ugha yxsxkA vkSj ge osQoy ^fp=k
Bhd gS*] ,slh fVIi.kh dj NksM+ nsaxsA bldk eryc gS fd fp=k esa
vko';d gj ?kVd Bhd ls fpf=kr fd;k x;k gks rks gh fp=k vPNk
vkSj lqanj gksrk gSA vc ;g vPNk fp=k cuk,a oSQls\ vkidk tokc
gksxk gkFk esa isfUly ;k pkWd ysdjA ,d rjg ls ;g Hkh lgh gSA
oSls NksVs cPps osQ gkFk esa Hkh isfUly ;k pkWd Fkek nks rks og Hkh
nhokjksa ij oqQN&u&oqQN t:j cuk nsrk gSA FkksM+h le> vkus ij mls
?kj] vkneh] ioZr] iaNh tSls vkdkj cukuk vkus yxrk gSA
/hjs&/hjs og bUgha vkdkjksa dks feykdj ,d lewpk fp=k cukus
yxrk gSA bl fp=k dh 'kqjQvkr gksrh dgka ls gS\ fcanq lsA vusd
fcanq feykdj ,d js[kk curh gS vkSj js[kkvksa dks eksM+dj rS;kj gksrs
gSa vkdkjA bUgha vkdkjksa esa fiQj jax Hkjdj fp=k curk gSA dbZ fp=kksa
esa jax ugha gksrs] osQoy js[kk,a gksrh gSaA ,sls fp=kksa dks js[kkadu dgrs
gSa vFkkZr ,sls fp=kksa esa Hkh fopkj o Hkko&Hkkouk,a gksrh gSaA fdlh Hkh
fp=k dh js[kkvksa esa] vkdkjksa esa] jaxksa esa ;fn fopkj] Hkko&Hkkoukvksa
dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gks rks gh mlls vPNh vfHkO;fDr gks ldrh
gSA
bl fdrkc esa ge cgqr ls fp=k ns[ksaxs Hkh vkSj mudh tkudkjh
Hkh ysaxsA ysfdu mlls igys ^fp=k oSQls ns[krs gaS]* vkb, blosQ ckjs
esa FkksM+h ckr djrs gSaA dbZ ckj fp=k osQ lkFk esa mldh tkudkjh
fy[kh gksrh gS& dykdkj dk uke] fp=k dh dyk&vof/] vkdkjeku
vkSj fp=k dk ek;eA ;g ckr lp gS fd fliZQ tkudkjh i<+dj ge
fp=k dks le> ugha ik,axsA ysfdu bl tkudkjh ls fp=kdkj us ftl
ifjfLFkfr esa fp=k dk fuekZ.k fd;k gS] mldk vuqeku yxk ldrs gSaA
fp=k osQ vkdkjeku ls fp=k esa cuk, x, vkdkj vkSj izfrekvksa dk
vanktk gksrk gSA dbZ ckj ,slk ns[kk x;k gS fd fp=k dk ek;e
fp=kdkj dh igpku curk gSA viuh dyk fufeZfr osQ fy, fp=kdkj
us ;gh ek;e D;ksa viuk;k] ;g ge lksprs gSaA fp=k osQ ckjs esa ;g
i<+uk rks vko';d gS] ysfdu mlls Hkh vko';d gS fp=k dks
6

ckj&ckj ns[kdj mls vuqHko djukA fp=k le>us osQ fy, mlls
?kaVksa rd ckrsa djuh iM+sxh vkSj vxj ,d ckj mlls vkidh nksLrh
gks xbZ rks fp=k [kqn&c&[kqn viuh dgkuh crkus yxrk gSA
dksbZ fp=kdkj viuh dykfr esa balku] i'kqq&i{kh vkSj oLrq
dh izfrek,a fudkyrk gS rks dksbZ fp=kdkj osQoy jax vkSj js[kkvksa osQ
la;ksx ls fp=k cukrk gSA ftuesa izfrek,a gksrh gSa] mUgsa izfr:i fp=k
dgrs gSa vkSj ftuesa ,sls fof'k"V vkdkj] izfrek,a ugha gksrha] mUgsa
vizfr:i ;k vewrZ fp=k dgrs gSaA vewrZ fp=k le> esa gh ugha
vkrk] ,slk dgdj os bls ekWMuZ vkVZ dgrs gSaA vkius dHkh vka[ksa
ewandj 'kkafr dk vuqHko fd;k gS\ ,slh 'kkafr dks eglwl djrs oDr
can vka[kksa osQ lkeus oqQN jax] vkdkj utj vkrs gSaA mlesa dksbZ
fof'k"V dgkuh ;k izlax ugha gksrkA og rks osQoy eu osQ fopkjksa dk
izfrfcac gksrk gSA gksyh [ksyrs oDr ge ;g ugha lksprs fd vius
nksLrksa dks ge fdl vkdkj ;k jax ls jaxsaxs\ ge rks cl jaxksa dh
ckSNkj djrs gSaA ge eu osQ mlh vkuan dks iwjs ekgkSy esa izfrfcafcr
djrs gSaA vewrZ fp=k ,slk gh gksrk gS] fujkdkj vkuan tSlkA
fp=k cukus osQ fy, vktdy dbZ vyx vkSj u, ek;e
miyC/ gSaA bu ek;eksa dh otg ls fp=k dks ,d fuf'pr :i izkIr
gksrk gSA (;g crkus dk rkRi;Z bruk gh gS fd gj fp=kdkj dk
viuk ,d ek;e gksrk gSA) mke cukus osQ fy, osQoy fp=kdkjh
dk Kku mi;qDr ugha gSA bldh Hkh ,d dFkk fo".kq/eksZkj iqjk.k esa
gSA otz uke dk ,d f'k"; ekoZQ.Ms; f"k osQ ikl f'kYidkjh
lh[kus osQ fy, vkrk gSA og f"koj lss ewfrZ'kkL=k fl[kkus dh fourh
djrk gSA ekoZQ.Ms; f"k mlls dgrs gSa] ewfrZ'kkL=k lh[kus osQ fy,
fp=kdkjh vkuh t:jh gSA
rks fiQj eq>s fp=kdkjh fl[kk,aA ,slh fourh otz djrk gSA
fp=kdyk dk Kku ikus osQ fy, u`R; lh[kuk t:jh gSA f"k
le>krs gSaA otz u`R; fl[kkus dh fourh djrk gSA
7

f"k dgrs gSa] ok| osQ Kku fcuk u`R; ugha vk ldrkA
rks ok| fl[kkb,A
otz dh bl fourh ij ekoZQ.Ms; f"k dgrs gSa] ok| dk Kku
izkIr djus osQ fy, lkfgR; vkSj xhr dk Kku Hkh vko';d gSA
vkf[kj xhr'kkL=k ls otz dh f'k{kk 'kq: gksrh gSA eryc ;g gS
fd lc dyk,a ,d&nwljs ls tqM+h gqbZ gSaA lcesa ls FkksM+k&FkksM+k jl
ysdj gh gesa mls vuqHko djuk pkfg,] lh[kuk pkfg,A

xqiQkfp=k& fHkecsVdk (e-iz-)

;g fp=k e;izn's k osQ fHkecsVdk xqiQkvksa esa gS vkfnekuo }kjk
fpf=kr fd;k gqvk] yxHkx nl gtkj o"kZ iqjkuk fp=kA bu xqiQkvksa dh
[kkst gky gh esa gqbZ gSA egkjk"V osQ iqjkrRo&fo|k osQ vH;kld ,oa
la'kks/d Jh gfjHkkmQ okd.kdj us bu xqiQkvksa dh [kkst dhA
iqjkrRo&fo|k vFkkZr iqjkru vo'ks"kksa dk vH;klA fHkecsVdk tSlh
xqiQk,a iwjs Hkkjr esa dbZ txgksa ij ikbZ tkrh gSAa ysfdu vH;kldksa us
bu fHkecsVdk xqiQkvksa dks vfr izkphu vkSj vf/d egoiw.kZ ekuk gSA

xqiQkfp=k fHkecsVdk] e-iz(xqiQkfp=k dk cuk;k gqvk vH;kl vkjs[ku)

8

bu fp=kksa dks xkSj ls ns[ksa rks le> esa vkrk gS fd ;g osQoy

nhokjksa o Nrksa ij cuk, gq, fp=k gh ugha gSa] cfYd bUgsa iRFkjksa esa
gYdk&lk rjk'kk x;k gSA vkfnekuo dk thou oSQlk Fkk] bldh
dYiuk vki dj ldrs gSaA ?kus taxyksa esa viuh vUu] oL=k vkSj
fuokl dh ewy t:jrksa dks iwjk djrs gq, og f'kdkj djrk FkkA
mldk lkjk thou bl f'kdkj ls gh tqM+k gqvk FkkA blfy, mlosQ
xqiQkfp=k Hkh blh fo"k; osQ gSaSA xk;] cSy] lqvj] fgj.k ,sls yxHkx
452 izk.kh bu xqiQkfp=kksa esa fn[kk, x, gSaA dbZ izkf.k;ksa osQ isV esa
mlosQ cPps Hkh fpf=kr fd, x, gSa] ekuks tSls mldk ^,Dl&js*
fudkyk gksA
f'kdkj vkSj bu ewy t:jrksa dk fp=k cukus ls D;k laca/ gks
ldrk gS\ vktdy ge fdlh dke ij tkus ls igys Hkxoku dh
iwtk djrs gSaA oSls ml oDr Hkh vkneh f'kdkj djus ls igys ml
izk.kh osQ ckjs esa lkspdj Hkxoku dh iwtk djosQ fp=k cukrk FkkA
f'kdkj osQ fy, vko';d rduhd vkSj ekufld 'kfDr og fp=k
cukdj izkIr dj ysrk FkkA fp=k esa izk.kh osQ 'kjhj esa ?kqls gq, ck.k
fn[kk, x, gSaA izk.kh dks dgka ck.k ekjus ls mldh rqjar e`R;q gksxh]
'kk;n bldk Hkh vH;kl fp=k osQ ek;e ls fd;k x;k gksxkA ftl
izk.kh dk f'kdkj djuk gS] yksx mldk fp=k cukdj mldh iwtk
djrs gksaxs& ;g Hkh ,d laHkkouk gSA izk.kh izfr dk ,d ?kVd gSA
mldk f'kdkj djus ls izk.kh 'kki nsaxs] mlls cpus osQ fy, ,slh
iwtk,a gksrh gksaxh vH;kldkas dk ;g ekuuk gSA fp=k cukus osQ fy,
,slh dbZ izsj.kk,a gSaA ;g xqiQkfp=k ns[krs gq, ge ml vkfne tekus
esa [kks tkrs gSaA ml le; osQ thou dk fopkj djrs gq, lkspus Hkh
yxrs gSa oSQls ft, gksaxs ;s vkfne yksx\

vtark xqiQkfp=k
e;izns'k ls vc ge pyrs gSa egkjk"V osQ vkSjaxkckn ftys esaA ;gka
dk gjk&Hkjk [kwclwjr ifjlj] igkM+ksa ls cgrs gq, ikuh dk laxhr]
9

iafN;ksa dk xqatu] lkFk esa

iSQyh gqbZ lqugjh /wiA ;s gaS
vtark dh xqiQk,a vkSj ;g
mQij fn;k gqvk fp=k bUgha
xqiQkvksa dk izfl fp=k
^iikf.k cksf/lRo* gSA bl
fp=k osQ ckjs esa FkksM+k vkSj
tku ysa rks ;g nksckjk ;k
ogka tkdj izR;{k :i ls
ns[krs oDr bldk vkuUn
nqxquk gks tk,xkA
vtark dh xqiQkvksa osQ
bu fp=kksa dk xqIrdky esa
fuekZ.k gqvk igyh lnh
iikf.k cksf/lRo] vtark xqiQkfp=k]
ls NBh lnh osQ dky esaA
xqiQk e&9
fHkecsVdk osQ xqiQkfp=k vkSj
vtark osQ xqiQkfp=k osQ dky esa dkiQh vUrj gSA dkxt] diM+k] jax
okys ek;e f'kYidkjh osQ iRFkj ;k ydM+h tSls ek;e ls de
fVdkmQ gaSA le; dh xksn esa os tYnh gh u"V gks tkrs gSaA ,sls gh
oqQN bl chp dh dkykof/ esa gqvk gksxkA flakq laLfr ls 'kqaxdky
rd dh f'kYidyk vkSj okLrqdyk osQ vo'ks"k feys gSaA fp=kdkjh osQ
,sls egoiw.kZ vo'ks"k u feyus osQ dkj.k ge lh/k xqIrdky esa
vkrs gSAa vtark osQ ;s xqiQkfp=k fHkecsVdk osQ xqiQkfp=kksa dh rjg osQoy
nhokjksa ij cuk, gq, ugha gaAS bu xqiQkvksa dh nhokjksa dh lrg fof'k"V
izdkj osQ IykLVj ls iksrdj cukbZ xbZ gSA bl iqrkbZ dh izf;k esa
^izQs Ldks ra=k* vkSj ^Vsia jk ra=k* ,sls nks izdkj gSAa ^Vsia jk ra=k* esa lw[kh lrg
ij fp=k cukrs gSa vkSj ^izQs Ldks ra=k* esa lrg xhyh gksrh gSA
vtark fp=k osQ fo"k; ckS /eZ ls lacaf/r gSaA buesa izeq[k
fo"k; gS ^tkrd dFkk* vFkkZr~ Hkxoku cq osQ iqutZUe dh dFkkA
10

blosQ vykok] ml oDr dh nSuafnu thoup;kZ] izk.kh] iaNh bR;kfn

osQ oqQN fp=k ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA ;s fp=k ckS /eZ ls dkiQh tqM+s
gq, gSaA blh dky esa ckS /eZ dk izpkj ,oa izlkj iwjs Hkkjr esa cM+s
iSekus ij gqvkA ;gh mldk izeq[k dkj.k gSA ;s fufeZr fp=k bl
izpkj dk gh ,d fgLlk FksA bu fp=kksa osQ fy, izko`Qfrd jaxksa dk
bLrseky fd;k x;k FkkA gYnh ls cuk ihyk jax] nh, dh dkfy[k ls
cuk dkyk jax] isM+ osQ ikksa ls cuk gjk jax] ysfi> yk>qyh osQ iRFkj
ls cuk uhyk jax vkSj feh osQ yky jax ls fofo/ NVk,a cukbZ tkrh
FkhaA
izf;k tkuus osQ ckn vc fiQj ls ^iikf.k cksf/lRo* ns[krs
gaSA cksf/lRo Hkxoku cq dk Kku izkfIr ls igys dk jktl :i gSA
i vFkkZr~ dey vkSj ikf.k ;kuh gkFkA gkFk esa /kj.k fd;k gqvk
uhydey bl fp=k dk vkd"kZ.k fcanq gSA gkFk dh y;nkj eqnzk fdlh
oqQ'ky u`R;kaxuk tSlh fn[krh gSA Hkxoku cq jktk osQ :i esa fn[kk,
x, gSaA ekFks ij eqoqQV] xys esa ekyk] da/s ij tusmQ] gkFk esa dM+k]
dej dk oL=k] dejis osQ eksfr;ksa dh fijkoV cM+h laqnjrk ls
fpf=kr dh xbZ gSA cq dh iwjh izfrek nkbZa vksj >qdh gqbZ gS] ysfdu
mudk psgjk gYdk&lk ckb vksj >qdk gSA bl dkj.k fp=k esa ,d
fof'k"V y; dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA psgjs ij fn[kk, x, 'kkar vkSj
la;eh Hkko] dey ia[kqfM+;ksa tSlh v/ksZUehfyr vka[ksa] lh/h ukd
vkSj ekFks ls guqoVh rd iSQyk gqvk mtyk psgjs dk fLergkL; cq
osQ jktlh :i dks vf/d mBko nsrk gSA gj ckj ;g fp=k ns[krs gq,
oqQN vkSj u;k ikus dk vkuUn feyrk gSA bl cksf/lRo osQ ihNs
jktegy dk oqQN fgLlk] vkneh] iaNh tSls vkdkj Hkh fn[krs gSaA
;gka vafdr ;s fp=k vkidks osQoy mldh HkO;rk dk vanktk ns
ldrs gSaA ^iikf.k cksfklRo* gks ;k ^dkyh jkuh*] ^eka vkSj cPpk*
gks ;k ^banz vkSj vIljk* lHkh fp=k laqnj gaSA ;g lc i<+us osQ ckn]
vtark tkdj ;s fp=k izR;{k :i ls ns[kus ij vkidks vf/d vkuUn
vk,xkA
11

y?kqfp=k 'kSyh
fp=k dh tkudkjh esa ^y?kqfp=k 'kSyh*] ;g Bhd i<+k vkius! tSls
fHkfkfp=k& nhokj vkdkj dk] oSls gh ^y?kqfp=k*] vFkkZr~ NksVs vkdkj
dkA lkekU;&rkSj ij ,sls fp=k dkxtksa ij cuk, tkrs gSaA lkekU; fp=k
dh rjg ;g rqjar ugha curkA ^y?kqfp=k* cukus osQ fy, ,d [kkl
fdLe dk dkxt gkFk ls cuk;k tkrk FkkA bl ij ckjhd js[kkvksa ls
ckgjh vkdkj cukdj mls izko`Qfrd jaxksa ls jaxk tkrk FkkA mlij fiQj
ckjhfd;ka fn[kkrs Fks vkSj lcls vkf[kj esa lqugjs jax dk ysiu gksrk
FkkA blosQ fy, [kjk lksuk bLrseky djrs FksA fp=k osQ lHkh jax
,d&nwljs esa ?kqyfeydj FkksMk+ lkSE; gks vk,a vkSj fp=k FkksM+k
pedhyk yxss] blosQ fy, fpdus iRFkj ls fp=k ij f?klkbZ gksrh FkhA
y?kqfp=k dk vkdkj de&ls&de 8x10 lsaVhehVj vkSj vf/d ls
vfkd 70x50 lsaVhehVj gksrk FkkA
vkdkjksa dh y;nkj ckgjh js[kk,a
vkSj likV jax&ysiu] y?kqfp=k 'kSyh
dh fof'k"Vrk ekuh tkrh gSA Hkkjrh;
fp=kdkjksa dks ;g fp=k'kSyh eqxy
fp=kdkjksa us fl[kkbZ vkSj eqxyksa
dks ikjlh fp=kdkjksa usA blls vki
bldk vanktk yxk ldrs gSa fd
;g ijEijk fdruh iqjkuh gS vkSj
fdruh nwjh r; djosQ vkbZ gSA

eqxy y?kqfp=k 'kSyh

taxyh gkFkh ij vaoQq 'k dh dksf'k'k

esa vdcj] ek;e& dkxt ij
uSlfxZd jax] fp=kdkj&feldhu

ckcj] gqek;aw] vdcj] tgkaxhj]

'kkgtgka] vkSjaxtsc ;s uke vkius
bfrgkl esa i<+s gksaxsA vdcj dh
dFkk,a] 'kkgtgka dk rktegy]
f'kokth egkjkt vkSj vkSjaxtsc dh
12

dFkk,a izfl gSaA bUgha ckn'kkgksa osQ tekus esa eqxy y?kqfp=k 'kSyh dk
fuekZ.k gqvkA ;g le; Fkk 15 oha ls 17 oha lnh dkA ml oDr
Hkkjr eqxyksa osQ v/hu FkkA bu lHkh jbZl ckn'kkgkas us dbZ fp=kdkj
vius njckj esa j[ks FksA ehj l;n vyh] v}&vy&lktSn ,sls
eqxy y?kqfp=kdkjksa us ckloku] feldhu] nkloFk tSls Hkkjrh;
fp=kdkjksa dks rS;kj fd;kA vkxs pydj bUgha fp=kdkjksa us ^njckjh
fp=kdkj* osQ :i esa cgqr maQpk LFkku izkIr fd;kA eqxy y?kqfp=k osQ
fo"k; Fks jktk dk 'kkS;Z vkSj ijkeA ge>ukek] vdcjukek (vdcj
pfj=k)] rqrhukek (rksrs dh dFkk,a)] je>ukek (egkHkkjr) tSsls ml
tekus osQ xzaFkksa dh fo"k;&oLrq ij Hkh dkiQh fp=k cuk, x,A lkfgR;
vkSj fp=kdkjh dk ?kuk laca/ ;gka ns[kus dks feyrk gSA
mQij dk ;g fp=k vdcjukek ls gSA blesa frjNh fp=kdkjh dh
xbZ gSA fp=k osQ ,d fljs ls nwljs fljs rd >sye unh dk iqy cuk;k
x;k gSA frjNh js[kkvksa osQ dkj.k fp=k nks fgLlksa esa caV ldrk gSA
fp=k nks fgLlkas esa u caVs fp=kdkj ^feldhu* us fp=k osQ mQijh fgLls
esa jktegy fn[kkdj bldh lko/kuh cjrh gSA >sye unh osQ iqy
ls xqtjus okys nks enksUek gkFkh vkSj mu ij vaoqQ'k j[kus okys
ckn'kkg vdcj bl fp=k esa fn[kk, x, gSaA Hkkxrs gq, gkFkh] unh dk
[kkSyrk gqvk ikuh] ikuh esa vLrO;Lr uko vkSj lsod buosQ
gkoHkko ls fp=k esa ,d xfr dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA fp=k dh xeZ vkSj
BaMh jaxlaxfr fp=k&fo"k; dh xfr dk iwjd gSA fp=k ns[krs gq,
gekjh utj Hkh fp=k osQ vkdkjksa dh rjg Hkkxus yxrh gSA vdcj
ckn'kkg osQ 'kkS;Z vkSj rkdr] mlosQ jgu&lgu dk gesa ,glkl gksrk
gSA vdcj ckn'kkg osQ mlh BkV ls ge Hkh vius&vki fp=k esa
'kkfey gks tkrs gSaA
vdcj osQ ckn ckn'kkg tgkaxhj dks izfr ls yxko FkkA mlus
vius ^eUlwj* tSls fp=kdkjksa ls i'kq] iaNh] iwQy] isM+&ikS/s vkfn
fo"k; ij fp=k cuok,A ^tsczk*] ^rqdhZ eqxkZ* mUgha esa ls oqQN izfl
fp=k gSaA 'kkgtgka dks fp=kdyk ls vf/d okLrqdyk eas jQfp FkhA
13

vkxjs dk rktegy mlosQ okLrq&izse dk lcls cM+k lk{kh gSA mlus

vius njckjh fp=kdkjksa ls okLrqdyk osQ uewus fp=kkas esa cuok,A
mlosQ ckn ckn'kkg vkSjaxtsc xh ij cSBkA bls fp=kdyk esa dksbZ
fo'ks"k jQfp ugha FkhA bl nkSjku mlosQ vkSj mlosQ v/hu jktkvksa osQ
njckjh fp=kdkjksa dks dke feyuk eqf'dy gqvkA fiQj /hjs&/hjs ;s
fp=kdkj fgUnw jktiwr jktkvksa osQ vkJ; esa pys x,A ;g i<+rs gq,
le> esa vkrk gS fd jktk&egkjktkvksa us viuh&viuh ilan osQ
vuqlkj fp=kdkjksa ls fp=k cuok,A blfy, ;g fp=kdkjh njckjh
dyk dgykrh gSA

jktiwr y?kqfp=k 'kSyh

jk/k&".k okyk fp=k dkiQh laqnj gS u\ ;g fp=k jktiwr y?kq'kSyh
osQ fd'kux<+ uked mi&'kSyh dk gSA jktiwr 'kSyh eq[; :i ls nks
fgLlksa esa caVh gqbZ gSA igyk izdkj gS jktLFkkuh y?kq'kSyhA blesa Hkh
vkSj mi&izdkj gaSA bu mi&izdkjksa osQ uke muosQ izns'kksa osQ uke osQ
vuqlkj j[ks x, gSa tSls esokM+] cwanh] t;iqj] tks/iqj] fd'kux<+]
dksVk bR;kfnA nwljk izeq[k izdkj gS igkM+h y?kqfp=k 'kSyhA blosQ
mi&izdkj gSa c'kksyh] oqQyq] xqysj] tEew] dkaxM+k] x<+oky vkfnA
buesa ls oqQN uke tkus&igpkus yxrs gSa u\ gks ldrk gSA vkf[kj ;s
Hkh rks Hkw&izns'kksa osQ gh uke gaSA
bu lHkh 'kSfy;ksa esa FkksM+k&cgqr iQoZQ gS] ftlosQ dkj.k ge
mldks vyx ls igpku ldrs gSaA blosQ ckjs esa ge vf/d foLrkj
ls ugha lkspsaxsA ysfdu FkksM+h tkudkjh ysuk vko';d gSA jktLFkkuh
'kSYkh esa ckgjh js[kk,a xgjh gksrh gSaA fp=k dh jaxlaxfr rstLoh gS
fcYoqQy jktLFkkuh yksxksa dh ixM+h dh rjg] muosQ ?kk?kjs vkSj pksyh
osQ jaxksa dh rjgA igkM+h fp=k'kSyh esa uktqd js[kk,a] lkSE; jaxlaxfr
fn[kkbZ nsrh gS oqQYyw] tEew ;k fgekpy osQ 'kkar BaMs ekSle osQ
tSlhA ets dh ckr ;g gS fd jktiwr y?kqfp=k 'kSyh osQ fo"k; eqxy
14

jk/k vkSj ".k] ek;e& dkxt ij uSlfxZd jax] fp=kdkj&fugkypan

y?kqfp=k 'kSyh ls fcYoqQy gh fHk gSaA bl y?kqfp=k 'kSyh esa

xhr&xksfoUn] Hkkxor iqjk.k tSls jk/k".k osQ izsedkO; ij vk/kfjr
fp=k fn[krs gSaA bruk gh ugha] buesa jkxekyk (Hkkjrh; laxhr osQ jkxksa
osQ Hkko)] ckjgeklk] uk;d&ukf;dk Hksn ij vk/kfjr fp=k gaSA
jktiwr y?kqfp=k 'kSyh izfr] L=kh&iq#"k dh izse Hkkoukvksa] HkfDr&jl
dks egoiw.kZ ekurh gSA
;gka fn;k x;k ;g fp=k fd'kux<+ 'kSyh dk gSA jk/k vkSj ".k
dk ;g fp=k HkfDr&jl dk vkfo"dkj dg ldrs gSaA blesa fn[kkbZ
xbZ jk/k dks ^cuhBuh* Hkh dgrs gSaA ^cuhBuh* vFkkZr~ lt/t dj
rS;kj gqbZ prqj L=khA fd'kux<+ osQ jktk lkoar flag [kqn ".kHkDr
FksA og [kqn ,d mR"V dfo Hkh FksA mUgksaus ^ukxjhnkl* miuke ls
izse&dkO; fy[ksA mudh izs;lh mudh lkSrsyh eka dh nklh Fkh] ftls
os I;kj ls ^cuhBuh* dgrs FksA lkoar flag osQ njckjh fp=kdkjksa us
jktk osQ dkO; ij vk/kfjr fp=k cuk,A mlesa dkO;kuq:i vius jktk
dks ".k :i esa vkSj mudh izs;lh dks jk/k :i esa fpf=kr djosQ]
muosQ HkfDr&izse dks vtj&vej dj fn;kA cuhBuh jkkk dk psgjk
ns[kas rks pkSM+k eLrd] yEch >qdh gqbZ vka[ksa] muosQ fdukjs dh dey
tSlh xqykch NVk] kuq"k dh vkfr okyh HkkSagsa] xkykas ij ygjkrh
15

ckyksa dh yVa]s lh/h yach ukd] irys gksBksa ij eqLoqQjkrk dksey psgjkA
jk/k dk ;g psgjk cgqr gh eksgd fn[krk gSA mlosQ ifj/ku] eksfr;ksa
osQ xgus] mldh ckjhfd;ka] lqugjh uDdk'kh okyh ikjn'kZd pqujh
mldh eksgdrk dks vkSj c<+krs gSAa ".k rks ewyr% nsork Lo:i gaAS
mudk Hkh pkSMk+ ekFkk] dey dh vkfr okyh HkkSga ]as dey tSlh
vka[ks]a lh/h ukd] uktqd guqoVh] laons u'khy gksBksa ij fn[kk;k x;k
".k gkL;] osQlfj;k jax dh [kwclwjr ixM+h ".k dk ;g jktl
:i] jk/k".k dk ,d&nwljs dh vksj ns[kuk] ;g lc mfpr izes &Hkkouk
O;Dr djrk gSA cuhBuh osQ ckjs esa ,d vkSj ckr gSA blosQ gkL; dh
rqyuk fyvksuknks&Z nk&foaph osQ ^eksukfylk* ls dh tkrh gSA bls ^Hkkjrh;
eksukfylk* Hkh dgk x;k gSA vkius ^eksukfylk* dk fp=k ns[kk gS\ ugha\
rks t:j nsf[k, vkSj crkb, vkidks D;k yxrk gS\

okjyh fp=kdyk
D;k vkidks ,slk yxrk gS fd ;g xksy vkSj f=kdks.kh balku vkius
dgha ns[ks gSa\ 'kk;n gks ldrk gSA vktdy ;s fp=k cMs+&cM+s
ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa esa] migkj&x`gksa esa vkSj cM+s&cM+s ?kjksa esa Hkh fn[kus
yxs gSaA ;g ^okjyh fp=kdyk* gSA vly esa fHkecsVdk dh vkfne
fp=kdkjh ls tqM+h gqbZ] vkfne fp=kdyk ijEijk] Hkkjr osQ vyx&vyx
izns'kksa esa vkt Hkh ekStwn gSA laFkky] xksaM+] okjyh bUgha esa ls oqQN
gSaA egkjk"V osQ Fkkus ftys esa ;g okjyh fp=kdkjh dbZ o"kks ls 'kq:
gSA ysfdu bldh [kkst gky gh osQ oqQN lkyksa esa gqbZA Jh HkkLdj
oqQyd.khZ uked fp=kdkj us ;g fp=kdkjh iwjh nqfu;k osQ lkeus ykbZ
FkhA okjyh lekt vkt Hkh vkfnekuo dk thou gh O;rhr dj jgk
gSA okjyh ?kjksa esa vkt Hkh R;kSgkjksa osQ cgkus vkSjrksa }kjk nhokjksa ij
fp=k cukus dh izFkk gSA ;gka ikjEifjd izFkk ls rks fL=k;ka fp=k cukrh
gSa] ij ;g lqudj rkTtqc gksxk fd muosQ vPNs fp=kdkj osQ rkSj ij]
ftls jk"Vifr iqjLdkj ls lEekfur fd;k x;k gS] ^thO;k lksE;k
Eg'kk* uked iq#"k fp=kdkj gSA
16

okjyh yksx xkscj ;k

xs# ls nhokjksa dh iqrkbZ djrs
gSaA fiQj mlij pkoy osQ
xhys vkVs ls fp=k cukrs gSaA
buosQ ?kjksa osQ lkeus [ktwj
osQ isM+ gksrs gaSA blh isM+
dk dkaVk os fp=k cukus osQ
fy, bLrseky djrs gSaA igys
budk lkjk thou taxy esa
[kkuk tek djrs gq, chrrk
FkkA vktdy ;s yks x
FkksM+h&cgqr [ksrh djus yxs
okjyh fp=k (egkjk"V)
gSaA ;gh dkj.k gS fd buosQ
ek;e&xs# ij pkoy dk vkVk
fp=kksa esa isM+] iaNh] ckny] [ksr] fcPNw] lkai] dhV] igkM+] igkM+ksa ij
cuk eafnj vkSj Hkxoku Hkh gksrs gSaA xksykdkj [kM+s gq, yksx vkSj
chpkas&chp rkjik ok| ctkus okyk iq#"k ;g okjyh fp=k dk lcls
izfl vkdkj gSA ;g okjyh u`R; dk fp=k gSA iwue dh jkr esa ;s
yksx ^rkjik* uked lkewfgd u`R; djrs gSaA okjyh vkfne yksx
izfr esa jgdj izfr osQ gh fp=k cukrs gSaA vki buosQ cuk, fp=k
ns[ksaA fp=k esa fn[kkbZ xbZ izfr dh ckjhfd;ksa dk vkuUn t:j
yhft,A dhM+s] eksj osQ lqUnj vkdkj] ?kjksa osQ vukt esa yxs pwgs]
chp esa gh Hkkxus okyk fgj.k] isM+ ij cSBs eksj dk f'kdkj ,slh
dbZ NksVh&NksVh ckjhfd;ka vkidks fn[kasxhA vktdy buosQ xkao esa
jsyxkM+h] Vd] oxSjk vkus&tkus yxs gSaA blhfy, ;s vkfr;ka Hkh
buosQ fp=kksa esa fn[kus yxh gSaA ;g lc fp=k esa <wa<+uk okdbZ etsnkj
vuqHko gksrk gSA ,slk gh vuqHko xksaM+] laFkky fp=k <wa<+us esa gksrk gSA

ifp=k ns[kkck
Hkkjr tSls cgqjaxh] cgq<axh vkSj cgqHkkf"kd ns'k esa lfn;ksa ls vusd
17

ek;e&diM+k] dkxt ij uSlfxZd jax (iVfp=k&vksfM+;k)

ijaijk,a jgh gaSA vkfne dyk ijaijkvksa osQ lkFk ;gka yksd ijaijk,a
Hkh gaSA ifp=k] dyedkjh] e/qcuh ;s ,slh gh oqQN yksd ijaijk,a
gSaA xkao esa jgus okys yksxksa dks 'kk;n ifp=k ekywe gksxkA ifp=k
fdlh dFkk ij vk/kkfjr fp=k& k`a[kyk gksrh gSA vkerkSj ij jkek;.k]
egkHkkjr] ".k xkFkk blosQ fo"k; gksrs gSaA ifp=k fufeZfr
vktdy cgqr gh de gks xbZ gSA ysfdu bldh izLrqfr vkt Hkh
vusd xkaoksa eas gksrh gSA fdlh ,d jkr esa xkao dh fL=k;ka] cPps]
iq#"k bdk gksrs gaSA fdlh ?kj ;k eafnj dk cM+k&lk vkaxu yksxksa ls
Hkj tkrk gSA dykdkj ifp=k ysdj vkrk gSA nh, osQ mtkys esa
dykdkj ,d&,d fp=k izLrqr dj xkus yxrk gSA xkuk jQdrs gh
dFkk 'kq: gks tkrh gSA xkuk] fiQj dFkk ,sls dFkk vkxs c<+rh gSA
vkt dk flusek ;k ,sfues'ku fiQYe dk ;g 'kqjQvkrh :i gSA
laFkky ijxuk esa bldks ^tknwiVqvk* dgrs gSAa caxky esa ^in[s kkck*]
jktLFkku esa ^iV* rks egkjk"V esa ;g ^fp=kdFkh* osQ uke ls tkuk
tkrk gSA mM+hlk] xqtjkr] vka/zizns'k esa Hkh ;g ifp=k ijaijk gSA bu
lHkh 'kSfy;ksa esa FkksM+k cgqr iQoZQ gSA egkjk"V dh fp=kdFkk dkxt ij
cukbZ tkrh gSA
18

Hkkjr osQ ckdh txg ij ifp=k diM+s ij cuk, tkrs gSaA

diM+s ij cuk, bl fp=k dks xksykdkj yisVdj j[krs gSaA dkxt ij
cus fp=k dks ,d osQ mQij ,d j[krs gaSA ifp=k osQ fy, iwjs Hkkjr
esa izko`Qfrd jaxksa dk bLrseky gksrk gSA Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh ;g
n`';&JO; dyk&ijaijk cM+h gh vkd"kZd gSA ;g lc i<+dj D;k
vkidks ugha yxrk fd vki Hkh vius vkl&ikl osQ i fp=k <wa<+dj
muosQ dykdkjksa osQ lkFk mudh izLrqfr ns[krs gq, dksbZ jkr xqtkjsa\

dyedkjh fp=k
ifp=k dh rjg ^dyedkjh* Hkh diM+s ij cukbZ tkusokyh fp=k&ijaijk
gSA ;g eq[;r% vkakz dh fp=k&ijaijk osQ fp=k gS]a tks ogka osQ eafnjksa esa
yxk, tkrs gSAa dyedkjh 'kCn ^dye* (iQkjlh) 'kCn ls vk;k gSA
dye vFkkZr~ ys[kuhA lwrh diM+s ij dye ls fp=k cuk, tkrs gSAa
fp=k esa ys[kuh dk bLrseky gksus ls ;gka js[kkvksa dk ego vf/d gSA
;g ys[kuh [ktwj ;k ckal dh ydM+h ls curh gSA js[kkadu osQ fy,
uqdhyh] rks jax&dk;Z osQ fy, xksykdkj ys[kuh cukbZ tkrh gSA bu fp=kksa
osQ ijaijkxr fo"k; lgt :i ls iqjk.k&dFkkvksa ij vk/kfjr gaAS mQij
osQ fp=k esa ".k&vtquZ dk laokn gSA bu fp=kksa esa e;kZfnr jaxlaxfr dk
bLrseky gksrk gSA nsorkvksa
osQ fp=k uhys] ekuokfr
ihys vkSj jk{kl yky jax ls
fn[kk, tkrs gSaA vktdy
ikjaifjd dyedkjh ls cM+h
fp=k jpuk,a cukus okys
dkjhxj de gks x, gSaA
ysfdu vkt Hkh cM+h nqdkuksa
esa iwQyikksa dh dyedkjh
okys csM'khV] oqQrs&Z iStkes]
ijns vkfn diM+s ns[kus dks
dyedkjh fp=k (vka/zizns'k)
feyrs gSAa
ek;e&diM+s ij jax
19

e/qcuh fp=k 'kSyh

^fefFkyk* dk uke vkius jkek;.k esa i<+k gksxkA fefFkyk izns'k fcgkj
esa gSA blh fefFkyk dh dyk dks e/qcuh dgrs gSaA blosQ eq[;
fo"k; jkek;.k ij vk/fjr gksrs gaSA ewyr% e/qcuh fp=k ?kjksa ij curs
gSaA iwtk?kj] cSBd[kkuk (esgeku tgka cSBrs gSa) vkSj 'kknh dk dejk
,slh rhu txgksa ij fp=k cukus dh ijaijk gSA vktdy dkxt ij
Hkh fp=k cuk, tkrs gSaA bu fp=kksa esa Hkh yksd fp=k&ijaijk tSls
izko`Qfrd jaxksa dk bLrseky gksrk gSA ,d vkSj ets dh ckr ;g gS fd
jax lrg ij Bhd ls fpiosQ] blosQ fy, blesa cdjh osQ nw/ vkSj
ccwy osQ isM+ osQ fpd dk feJ.k fd;k tkrk gSA fefFkyk dh
fp=kfr esa vkt Hkh ?kjksa esa cukbZ xbZ owQfp;ksa dk gh bLrseky djrs
gSaA jax&ysiu vkSj ckjhfd;ka fn[kkus dk lkfgR; mruk fodflr ugha
gSA 'kk;n blhfy, bu fp=kksa dk xzkeh.k ygtk vkt Hkh dk;e gSA
vktdy bu fp=kksa dh fons'kksa esa cM+h ekax gSA blfy, Hkkjrh;
dkjhxjksa osQ esyksa vkSj cktkjksa esa ,sls fp=k ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA

e/qcuh fp=k (fcgkj)

20

Hkkjrh; ledkyhu fp=kdyk

(vktknh osQ igys vkSj ckn dh Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk)

ledkyhu vFkkZr~ vkt dkA geus vkfne vkSj yksdfp=kdyk Hkh

ns[khA lkyksa&lky viuh fof'k"Vrkvksa osQ lkFk budk fuekZ.k gksrk
jgk gSA ij dyk izokg viuk ewyLo:i dk;e j[kdj n`'; izokg
cnyrk jgk gS tSls vtark osQ cqfp=k] eqxy y?kqfp=k vkSj jktiwr
fp=k 'kSyhA
17 oha 'krh esa Hkkjr esa bZLV bafM;k daiuh dk vkxeu gqvkA
O;kikj m|ksx osQ fy, vk;h gqbZ bl oaQiuh us /hjs&/hjs ;gka osQ
jktdkt vkSj lektdkt esa Hkh viuk iSj ilkjuk 'kq: fd;kA ckn
esa iwjs Hkkjr ij gh dCtk fd;kA Hkkjr dks viuh Lora=krk osQ fy,
cM+k la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA 1947 esa Hkkjr fiQj ls vktkn gqvkA bl
nkSjku dk bfrgkl lHkh dks Kkr gSA Hkkjr dh Lora=krk osQ iwoZ vkSj
i'pkr dh fp=kdyk blh bfrgkl ls lacaf/r gSA bfrgkl dk uke
lqudj ?kcjkb, erA ;g iwjk bfrgkl fp=ke; gSA ij bls ns[krs oDr
la;e ls jQddj fopkj t:j djuk iMs+xkA
geus 17 oha 'krh rd dh y?kqfp=k 'kSyh ns[khA bl 'krh rd
bZLV bafM;k oaQiuh us viuh tMa+s iwjs Hkkjr eas iSQyk yh FkhaA bl
oaQiuh osQ vf/dkfj;ksa osQ lkFk vk, gq, fp=kdkjksa us ;gka osQ
izkfrd n`';] ;gka dh tkfr;ksa osQ m|ksx vkSj O;olk;] muosQ fp=k]
vkSj jgu&lgu rFkk jktk&egkjktkvksa dk O;fDr fp=k cukuk 'kq:
fd;k FkkA Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjksa us blls igys iQksVks tSls fn[kus okys]
Nk;kizdk'k fn[kkus okys fp=k ns[ks gh ugha FksA y?kqfp=k 'kSyh laqnj
Fkh] ij mlesa y;nkj js[kk,a] likV jax&ysiu Fkk vkSj fo"k; Hkh
jk/k".k osQ FksA [kqn dk Hkh fp=k cuk ldrs gSa Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjksas
dks bldk igyh ckj ,glkl gqvkA ;gka ls Hkkjrh;ksa dks ;FkkFkZoknh
fp=k&'kSyh dh vkl yxhA vkt Hkh vxj dksbZ vkidk fp=k cuk,
rks vkidks vPNk gh yxrk gSA gS u\
21

17 oha 'krh osQ e; esa fp=kdyk ls lacaf/r vkSj ,d ?kVuk

?kVhA enzkl] dydkk] eqacbZ vkSj ykgkSj esa dyk&f'k{kk nsus okyh
laLFkk,a fczfV'k ekxZn'kZu esa 'kq: gqbA mldk ifj.kke vkiosQ lEeq[k
gSA Hkkjr dh ikjaifjd fp=kdyk fufeZfr BaMh gks xbZA Hkkjrh;
fp=kdyk fczfV'k ifr ls nh tkus okyh f'k{kk ysus yxsA blesa
;FkkFkZoknh fp=k.k oSQls djas] ;FkkFkZ n`'; esa ikl vkSj nwj dh phtsa
oSQls fn[kk,a] oLrq ij fn[kus okys Nk;k&izdk'k vkSj ekSle dk
ifj.kke oSQls fn[kk,a] ;g lc fl[kk;k tkrk FkkA Hkkjrh; fp=kdkjksa
us igys dHkh blosQ ckjs esa lkspk ugha FkkA Hkkjrh; fp=kdkj bu
ckgjh phtksa dh ctk; vkRek] eu] tSls fo"k; ij fp=kfufeZfr djrs
FksA ;gka ls gekjh fp=kfufeZfr esa iwjk cnyko vk;kA

jktk jfo oekZ

jktk jfo oekZ Hkkjr osQ izfl fp=kdkjksa esa lcls izeq[k uke gSA
budk tUe 1847 esa osQjy osQ fdYyheUuqj xkao esa gqvkA Hkkjr esa
dyk f'k{k.k 'kq: gksus dk ;g le; FkkA jfo oekZ osQ ekek fp=kdkj
FksA jktk jfo oekZ dk izkFkfed f'k{k.k muosQ blh ekek osQ ikl
gqvkA vkxs Hkh budk dyk f'k{k.k fdlh Hkh dyk laLFkku esa ugha
gqvkA os [kqn vius&vki gh fp=kdyk lh[krs x,A =kko.kdksj laLFkku
esa vkus okys fczfV'k fp=kdkjksa osQ fp=k.k dk os ckjhdh ls fujh{k.k
djrs FksA =kko.kdksj osQ nhoku ek/ojko us jktk jfo oekZ dks
fp=kdkjh osQ fy, izksRlkfgr fd;kA
jktk jfo oekZ us jko.k&tVk;q ;q] ".k&f'k"VkbZ] ".k&cyjke]
uy&ne;arh] 'koaqQryk] eRL;xakk tSls ikSjkf.kd fo"k; ij fp=k cuk,A
blosQ fy, bLrseky fd;k gqvk oSQuokl vkSj rSyjax ek;e ik'pkR;
FksA muosQ }kjk cuk;k gqvk osQjy L=kh dk fp=k ^uk;j laqnjh* osQ uke
ls cM+k gh e'kgwj gSA 1873 esa ^f'kdkxks* dh izn'kZuh esa muosQ 10
fp=k pqus x, FksA ml le; fons'k tkuk vkSj vius fp=k iznf'kZr
djuk mruk vklku ugha FkkA cgqr gh yack vkSj egaxk liQj Fkk vkSj
22

dbZ lkjh dfBukb;ka gksrh FkhaA

ij jktk jfo oekZ us ;g dj
fn[kk;k FkkA ik'pkR; ns'kksa esa
vius fp=k iznf'kZr djus okys
;s igys Hkkjrh; fp=kdkj FksA
jktk jfo oekZ dk bl
{ks=k esa ,d vkSj egoiw.kZ
;ksxnku gSA og gS
^vksfy;ksxzkiQ* dh fufeZfrA
vksfy;ksxzkiQ eqnzk&fp=k.k dk
izdkj gSA vkt oSQysaMj ;k
fp=k dk eqnz.k ftruk vklku
gS] mruk fodflr ra=kKku ml ".k f'k"VkbZ] ek;e& oSQuokl ij
rSy jax] fp=kdkj& jktk jfo oekZ
oDr ugha FkkA mUgksaus teZuh
ls ml oDr dk fodflr ra=k Kku Hkkjr esa yk;k vkSj eqacbZ esa ,d
NikbZ izsl 'kq: fd;kA ogka mUgksaus vius fp=kksa dk eqnz.k djosQ
mldh izfr;ka fudkyhaA ;s dkWfi;ka vke yksx Hkh vklkuh ls [kjhn
losaQ] ,slh dherksa esa csphaA oSQuOkkl ij cuk ewy fp=k [kjhnuk
lkekU; yksxksa osQ cl esa ugha FkkA ij mudk ilanhnk fp=k muosQ ikl
gks] blfy, ;g vPNk mik; FkkA Hkkjr osQ vke yksxksa osQ ?kjksa esa
jktk jfo oekZ osQ fp=k igqapus dk ;gh dkj.k FkkA
;gka fn;k x;k jfo oekZ dk fp=k y?kqfp=k 'kSyh osQ ".k vkSj
vtark osQ cq ls fcYoqQy gh vyx gSA bldk dkj.k ;FkkFkZokn gSA
;g igys osQ fp=kksa esa ugha FkkA ;FkkFkZokn vFkkZr okLro esa tSlk
fn[ksxk oSlk gh] gqcgw! bl fp=k esa ikaMoksa dk nwr cudj dkSjoksa osQ
njckj esa x, gq, Jh".k dk fp=k.k gSA ".k dk tks'k vkSj dkSjoksa
dk vgadkj nksuksa Hkkoukvksa dk feyki bl fp=k esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA
fp=k dh jpuk ,sls dh xbZ gS] ekuks vly esa njckj Hkjk gksA
jktnjckj dk fp=k gksus osQ dkj.k] njckjh yksxksa osQ v/ksoL=k] eqoqQV
23

vkSj nwljs xgus] njckj dh okLrq] ';ke o.kZ ".k ij fof'k"V fn'kk
esa fn[kk, x, izdk'k dh otg ls Nk;k&izdk'k dk ,d vuwBk [ksy
fn[krk gSA ;wjksfi;u 'kSyh dk ;FkkFkZoknh fp=k.k djus dk ;gh
dyk&ra=k jktk jfo oekZ us vkRelkr dj fy;k FkkA vkt vki muosQ
cuk, ewy fp=k osQjy osQ jk"Vh; dyk laxzgky; esa vkSj cM+kSnk osQ
l;kthjko xk;dokM+ osQ jktegy esa ns[k ldrs gSaA jfo oekZ osQ
fp=kksa dks feyh izflf osQ dkj.k gh mUgsa ^fp=kdkjksa dk jktk* vkSj
^jktkvksa dk fp=kdkj jktk jfo oekZ* dgk tkrk gSA

f=kankn
;g fp=k fp=kdkj f=kankn dk gSA 19 oha 'krh osQ vkf[kj esa vkSj 20
oha 'krh osQ 'kq: esa eqacbZ dykdkjksa dk izeq[k osQUnz FkkA lj ts-tsLowQy vkWiQ vkVZ esa ml oDr Hkkjr Hkj ls vusd dykdkj vkdj
dyk lh[k jgs FksA f=kankn ,sls gh ,d xkao ls vk, gq, fp=kdkj FksA
buosQ fp=kksa esa muosQ xksok dh
ik'oZHkwfe dh >yd fn[krh gSA
bZlkbZ] iqrZxkyh yksx xksok esa
cM+h la[;k esa FksA blfy, ogka
osQ pky&pyu] R;kSgkj] mRlo
vkSj nSuafnu pky&pyu ij
mldh Nki utj vkrh gSA
fiQMy ,d ;wjksfi;u ok| gSA
;g ok| ctkus okyk ,d oknd
blesa fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA mldk
psgjk] Ropk ij yky jax dh
vkHkk vkS j mldk igukok
Hkkjrh; laLfr dk ugha gS
;g ns[krs gh irk pyrk gSA
fiQMyj] ek;e& oSQuokl ij
va/sjs ,dkar esa cSBk gqvk oknd
rSyjax] fp=kdkj& f=kankn
24

rUe;rk ls ok| idM+s gSA f=kankn us Nk;k&izdk'k ls ,d vyx gh

okrkoj.k dh fufeZfr dh gSA muosQ jax&ysiu esa jaxkas osQ LVksDl jktk
jfo oekZ osQ fp=kksa esa ugha fn[ksaxsA ;g eqDr jax&ysiu fczfV'k
vdkneh ls izHkkfor FkkA fczfV'k vdknfed 'kSyh osQ ;FkkFkZokn dk
eqacbZ osQ fp=kdkjksa ij oSQlk vlj Fkk] bldk ;g vPNk mnkgj.k gSA

vouhUnzukFk VSxksj
;g ml oDr dk fp=k gS tc Hkkjr dh Lora=krk osQ fy, Lons'kh
dk vfHk;ku tksj idM+ jgk FkkA vius ns'k esa cuus okyh oLrqvksa dk
gh fopkj djuk gS ;g fopkj ^Lons'kh* vkanksyu osQ ek;e ls
lkeus vk;kA jk"VkfHkeku txkus dk iz;kl 'kq: gqvkA ^Losn'kh*
vkanksyu us Hkkjr esa bfrgkl jpkA ,slk gh ,d iwjd vkanksyu caxky
esa 'kq: gqvk] ftlls ^caxky LowQy* ;k ^caxky 'kSyh* dgk x;kA
caxky 'kCn gksus osQ ckotwn bldk osQoy caxky izkar ls laca/ ugha
FkkA bldk laca/ Fkk osQoy Hkkjrh;rk lsA
vouhUnzukFk VSxksj bl vkanksyu osQ mn~xkrk
FksA ;g loZifjfpr johUnzukFk VSxksj osQ
Hkrhts FksA
vouhUnzukFk dh VSxksj ?kjkus dh lqjf{kr
vkSj lqf'kf{kr i`"BHkwfe FkhA os mPpfo|k
foHkwf"kr FksA Lokeh foosdkuan] vkuan
oqQekjLokeh] cgu fuosfnrk] johUnzukFk VSxksj
bruk gh ugha] egkRek xka/h us Hkh ;wjksfi;u
dyk dk fojks/ fd;k FkkA vouhUnzukFk dk
bu foHkwfr;ksa osQ lkFk lh/k laca/ Fkk vkSj
mUgksaus ^caxky LowQy* osQ vkanksyu dh
Hkkjrekrk
'kqjQvkr dhA og lky Fkk 1895 dkA ek;e& dkxt ij ty]
vouhUnzukFk [kqn ,d fp=kdyk f'k{kd FksA fp=kdkj&vouhUnzukFk
^dydkk LowQy vkWiQ vkVZ* vkSj 'kkafr VSxksj
25

fuosQru osQ ^dykHkou* esa mUgksaus fo|knku dk dk;Z fd;kA uanyky

cksl] vflr oqQekj gy/j] osQ- O;adVIik] f{krasnzukFk etwenkj tSls
dykdkjksa dh ,d ih<+h dk mUgksaus fuekZ.k fd;kA uanyky cksl us
vkxs pydj Hkkjrh; dyk esa cM+k ;ksxnku fn;kA gfjiqjk dkaxzsl osQ
vf/os'ku esa E;qjy ;kfu nhokj fp=k cukus osQ fy, mUgsa vkeaf=kr
fd;k x;k FkkA
vouhUnzukFk dk f'k{kd osQ :i esa ;ksxnku egoiw.kZ gS gh]
ysfdu os ,d mke fp=kdkj Hkh FksA ^Hkkjrekrk* mudh 'kSyh dk
mke mnkgj.k gSA vouhUnzukFk osQ fp=kfo"k; vjch;u ukbZV~l] mej
[k;ke] lkfgR; vkSj Hkkjrh; iqjk.k&dFkkvksa ij vk/kfjr gaSA bu
fo"k;ksa ij muosQ vusd fp=k izfl gSaA ysfdu Hkkjrekrk dk ;g
fp=k mlls cgqr gh vyx gS] fiQj Hkh ;g egRoiw.kZ dykfr gSA
Hkkjr tSls cgqHkkf"kd lkaLfrd ns'k esa Hkkjrh;rk dh ,d gh izfrek
fn[kkuk vklku ugha FkkA mkj ls nf{k.k rd vkSj iwjc ls if'pe rd
fofo/ os'kHkw"kk gSA ,d ,slh os'kHkw"kk] 'kjhj dk <kapk] ,d ,slk :i
rS;kj djuk tks Hkkjr osQ fdlh ,d izn's k dk ugha] cfYd iwjs Hkkjr
dk gks ,d vR;ar eqf'dy dke FkkA vouhUnzukFk us bl eqf'dy
dke dks fd;kA bl fp=k esa Hkkjrekrk dh vkfr vLi"V] /q/
a yh
ik'oZHkwfe ls /hjs&/hjs mQij vk jgh gS] ,slk vkHkkl gksrk gSA mlus
osQlfj;k oL=k&ifj/ku /kj.k fd, gSAa gkFk esa ekyk o xzFa k tSls vk;q/
gaAS ;s vk;q/ fgald ugha gS]a cfYd vfgalk dk voyac djus okys gaAS
mlosQ oL=k fdlh fof'k"V izns'k osQ ugha gaAS os iwjs Hkkjr dk
izfrfuf/Ro djrs gaAS ,d L=kh osQ :i esa ;g Hkkjrh;rk dk lqyHk
n`';:i gSA

johUnzukFk VSxksj
johUnzukFk VSxksj dk uke vf/drj yksxksa dks lkfgR;dkj osQ :i esa
ekywe gSA 'kkafr fuosQru vkSj johUnzukFk VSxksj dk ,d&nwljs ls vVwV
fj'rk gSA bfrgkl dh fdrkcksa esa johUnzukFk fp=kdkj Fks] ,slk i<+us
26

dks feyrk gS_ ysfdu muosQ fp=k vf/drj dgha ns[kus dks ugha
feyrs gSaA bldk izeq[k dkj.k gS fd johUnzukFk us 65 lky dh mez
esa xaHkhjrk ls fp=k cukuk 'kq: fd;kA muosQ tks oqQN fxus&pqus fp=k
gSa os 'kkafr fuosQru osQ dyknkyku esa ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA 'kkafr
fuosQru osQ euksgkjh okrkoj.k esa pIiy fudkydj ge ogka osQ
dyknkyku esa izos'k djrs gSa vkSj johUnz laxhr dh rky ij fFkjdrh
gqbZ johUnzukFk dh lgt lqanj dyk&fr;ka gekjs lEeq[k gksrh gaSA
johUnzukFk VSxksj lkfgfR;d vkSj rRoK FksA fnuHkj os [kwc
fy[krs FksA fy[krs&fy[krs dbZ 'kCn feVk, tkrs rks dHkh dksbZ
fopkj&iw.kZ :i /kj.k djus rd os viuh gh /qu esa [kks tkrs FksA
mlh dkxt ij xhxhZVk (;kfu isu ls mQy&tywy vko`Qfr;ka) tkrk
FkkA ;gh 'kCn feVkrs gq, vkSj xhxhZVk gqvk tksM+dj fp=k cu tkrk
gSA ;g ckr ,d ckj muosQ ;ku esa vkbZA fiQj D;k] vkSj cgqr lkjs
fp=k cuus yxsA jkst u,&u, fp=kA fp=k cukuk vkSj jax Hkjuk vyx

'kh"kZdghu] ek;e&dkxt ij L;kgh] fp=kdkj& johUnzukFk VSxksj

27

ugha FkkA fy[kkbZ osQ dksjs dkxt] L;kgh] ys[kuh ;gh muosQ fp=k
osQ ek;e FksA mlh ls fy[kuk] mlh ls fp=k cukuk vkSj jax Hkjuk
Hkh mlh lsA bu fp=kksa osQ fo"k; vf/drj eu osQ dkYifud
vkdkj] vklikl dh vkSjrsa] cPpksa osQ nq[kh psgjs gksrs FksA johUnzukFk
dk laosnu'khy eu nq[kh eu dh vksj f[kap tkrk vkSj muosQ fp=kksa
esa og O;Dr gksrk FkkA os dgrs Fks] eSa fu.kZ; ysdj fp=k ugha
cukrk] fp=k cukrs&cukrs izfrek,a vkdkj ysrh gaSA ;g i<+dj
yxrk gS fd vc ge Hkh csf>>d xhxhZVk ldrs gSaA mls dksbZ fp=k
dgs ;k u dgsA

tkfeuh jkW;
tkfeuh jkW; gSa caxky osQ fp=kdkjA ^caxky LowQy* ls budk izR;{k
laca/ ugha Fkk] ij ;wjksih; fp=kdyk ls mcdj mls NksM+dj mUgksaus
u;k jkLrk viuk;kA [kqn dh ,d Lora=k 'kSyh cukbZA ;FkkFkZoknh
fp=k.k ifr osQ dkj.k yksx ;wjksfi;u 'kSyh dh vksj vkdf"kZr gks jgs
Fks] ogha tkfeuh jkW; mlls D;ksa mdrk x,] ;g le>uk t:jh gSA
mudk cpiu xqtjk caxky osQ ,d NksVs ls xkao esaA xjhc fdlku osQ
?kj esa mudk tUe gqvkA ?kj esa iSls dh vehjh ugha Fkh] ij vklikl
fuPNy] fu"iki yksx FksA izfr dh vehjh Fkh] R;kSgkj&mRlo Fks]
ikjaifjd dFkk vkSj izFkk FkhA bUgha dh laxr esa os cM+s gq,A laFkky

laFkky u`R;] ek;e& dkxt ij izko`Qfrd jax] fp=kdkj& tkfeuh jkW;

28

yksd thou] dkfy?kV fp=k&ijaijk dk muij dkiQh izHkko FkkA ,sls

gkykr esa dyk egkfo|ky;h f'k{kk dk ijk;k yxuk LokHkkfod FkkA
os xkao okil ykSV vk,A lgt&vklku vkdkj cukdj mlesa jax
Hkjuk 'kq: fd;kA ;s jax Hkh uSlfxZd FksA xksy psgjk] eRL;kfr
vka[ksa] /uq"kkfr HkkSagas] 'kjhj ij de ls de vkHkw"k.k] Bksl vkSj
y;nkj ckgjh js[kk,a] likV jax&ysiu Hkkjrh; dyk dh fof'k"Vrk
dks mUgksaus vius vH;kl ls u;k :i fn;kA laFkky nsgkrh efgyk,a]
xzkeh.k f[kykSus] xzkeh.k tuthou] iqjk.kdFkk ;s muosQ fp=kksa osQ
fo"k; FksA tkfeuh jkW; dks johUnzHkkjrh fo|kihB us MkWDVjsV nsdj
lEekfur fd;kA Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkh mUgsa iHkw"k.k iqjLdkj nsdj
muosQ ;ksxnku dks iz.kke fd;k gSA

ve`rk 'ksjfxy
okjyh] e/qcuh tSlh dbZ fp=k ijaijk,aa geus ns[khaA ;gka dh
efgykvksa us bu ijaijkvksa dks tru djosQ vkxs c<+k;k] ij mUgsa
Hkkjrh; L=kh fp=kdkj dh igpku ugha feyhA fdlh fof'k"V ifjfLFkfr
;k izlax osQ ckjs esa mUgsa D;k yxrk gS] bu fp=kdrkZvksa us vius fp=k
esa dgus dk iz;kl ugha fd;kA dgrs Hkh oSQls\ ,d rks ;s efgyk,a
i<+h&fy[kh ugha Fkha vkSj nwljs ;g fd Hkkjr esa iqjQ"k&lkkRed
lekt gSA ;gka L=kh dks [kqn dh jk; j[kus osQ fy, cgqr gh /S;Z
fn[kkuk iM+rk FkkA bl i`"BHkwfe esa igyk efgyk uke lqukbZ fn;k
1934 osQ cknA ;g uke Fkk ve`rk 'ksjfxyA
;gka vki tks fp=k ns[k jgs gSa mlesa lHkh vkSjrsa gSaA blesa Hkh
os vkd"kZd vkSj lqanj ugha gSaA xkao dh lh/h&lknh vkSjrsa gSaA os u
rks jk/k gSa] u ukf;dk_ u ekrk gSa] u nsohA Hkkjrh; L=kh dk ml oDr
dk izfrfcac blesa gSA ,slk D;ksa Fkk\
ve`rk 'ksjfxy dk tUe ;wjksi esa gqvkA muosQ firk fl[k vkSj
ekrk gaxsfj;u FkhaA mudh i<+kbZ ;wjksi esa gqbZ vkSj mUgksaus dyk f'k{kk
dk ^eDdk* le>s tkus okys isfjl osQ vkVZ LowQy ls dyk dh f'k{kk
29

k`axkj djrh vkSjrsa

ek;e&oSQuokl ij rSyjax] fp=kdkj& ve`rk 'ksjfxy

izkIr dhA LokHkkfod rkSj ij muosQ dk;Z eas ;wjksih; laLfr osQ
LiwQrZ vkSj Lora=k fopkj fn[krs FksA 1934 esa os ;wjksi ls Hkkjr ykSVha
vkSj Hkkjrh; laLfr dh [kkst esa iwjs Hkkjr esa ?kwehaA Hkkjrh; Lora=krk
vkanksyu osQ fopkjksa dks le>dj mUgksaus mlls ,d dne vkxs tkus
dk iz;kl fd;kA
ve`rk 'ksjfxy us jfo oekZ dh rjg oSQuokl vkSj rSyjaxksa dk
bLrseky fd;kA bldh otg ;g Fkh fd os viuh Hkkouk,a bl ek;e
esa vf/d vPNh rjg ls O;Dr dj ldrh FkhaA ysfdu muosQ
fp=kfo"k; xzkeh.k tuthou ls lacfa /r jgsA mQij osQ fp=k dk uke gS
^kxa` kj*A fp=k ns[kus ij le> esa vkrk gS fd L=kh dks mUgksua s osQoy
lqMkSy] lqna j] vkd"kZd ugha fn[kk;k gSA mUgksua s L=kh osQ vareZu rd
igqp
a us dh dksf'k'k dh gSA ekuks ;s efgyk,a fdlh lgsyh ls ckr dj
jgh gka]s ,slh laons u'khyrk dk Hkko muosQ fp=k esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;g
fp=k ns[krs gq, gesa Hkh mlh laonsu'khyrk ls k xa` kj djus okyh L=kh esa
>kaduk iM+xs k Bhd ls] rHkh ge mldks le> losQxa As

,e-,iQ- gqlSu
vkius xtxkfeuh] ehuk{kh fiQYesa ns[kh gaS\ fp=kdkj ,e-,iQ- gqlSu
30

dk uke bu fiQYeksa dh otg ls ?kj&?kj esa igqapkA fp=kdkj gqlSu dk

cpiu cM+h xjhch esa xqtjkA ia<jiqj xkao ls eqacbZ vk;k gqvk ;g
yM+dk pyfp=kksa osQ cM+s&cM+s b'rsgkj jaxrk FkkA vkxs izksxsflo
vkfVZLV xzqi ls mldk lacak gqvk vkSj blh ls mldk iwjk thou
cny x;kA
izksxsflo vkfVZLV xzqi osQ ckjs esa crkuk ;gka cgqr t:jh gSA
U;wVu lqtk] ,l-,- jtk] ,p-,- xkMs] lnkuan ckdjs vkSj ,e-,iQgqlSu bu lcus feydj 'kq:
fd;k bl xzqi dksA ;g Lora=k
Hkkjr osQ dykdkjksa dk igyk
laxBu FkkA blesa ls dbZ dykdkj
fiQj fons'kksa esa LFkkfir gq,A
xk;rksaMs] lkear] jk;ck] gtjuhl
,sls oqQN dykdkj bl laxBu
esa lgHkkxh gq,A bl xzqi osQ
jtk] gqlSu] vkSj xk;rksaMs dk
;ksxnku egoiw.kZ jgk gSA
foy{k.k cq f ekk o
dYiuk&'kfDr vkSj cstksM+ esgur
osQ cy ij fp=kdkj gqlSu dk
O;fDrRo curk x;kA cpiu ls
gh gksfMZax osQ cM+s vkdkjksa dks
jaxus dh vknr dh otg ls
cM+k fp=k cukus dk ncko muosQ
eu esa dHkh vk;k gh ughaA 'kq:
osQ fnuksa esa mUgksaus [kqn dh feh
ls] cpiu dh ;knksa ls] vktw&cktw
osQ yksxksa ls izsfjr gksdj fp=kksa ?kksM+k] ek;e oSQuokl ij rSyjax]
fp=kdkj& ,e-,iQ- gqlSu
dk fuekZ.k fd;kA vkxs pydj
31

os jktdh;&lkekftd ?kVukvksa ij vk/kfjr fo"k; lacaf/r fp=kksa esa

O;Dr djus yxsA enj Vsjslk] tehu] ljLorh] ?kksMs+ tSlh mudh
fofo/ fp=k& k`a[kyk,a izfl gSaA blesa ?kksM+s dh fp=k& k`a[kyk,a viuh
js[kkvkas vkSj jax&;kstuk osQ dkj.k dkiQh e'kgwj gqbA vR;ar LiwQrZ
vkSj tks'kiw.kZ js[kk,a fp=k dh fof'k"Vrk,a gaSA ?kksM+s dk ;g fp=k blh
k`a[kyk ls fy;k x;k gSA ?kksM+s dh jrkj] mldh rkdr] nkSM+rs oDr
mlosQ Hkko] eqM+k gqvk iwjk 'kjhj ;g lc tksjnkj jax&ysiu ls
mUgksaus [kwch ls fn[kk;k gSA fp=k ns[krs oDr eu esa loky vkrk gS
fd ?kksM+s dh tks jrkj gS dgha mlh jrkj ls rks ;g fp=k cuk;k
x;k ugha gksxk\

jtk
Hkkjrh; rRoKku vkSj vH;kl ls ftuosQ fopkj rS;kj gq, vkSj bu
fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fDr ftuosQ fp=kksa ls gqbZ mUgha esa ls ,d gSa jtkA
bl fdrkc dh 'kqjQvkr esa fcanq osQ ckjs esa geus i<+k gSA fcanq ls js[kk
vkSj vkdkj rS;kj gksrs gSaA osQoy fp=kdyk gh ugha] lkjs fo'o dh
mRifk fcanq ls gqbZ gS bl ladYiuk dk bUgksaus vH;kl fd;kA

ek;e& oSQuokl ij rSyjax] fp=kdkj& jtk

32

izdk'k nsus okys lw;Z dk xksy] jkr osQ panzek dk xksy tSslh izfrek,a
buosQ 'kq: osQ fp=kksa esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gaSA /hjs&/hjs lw;Z] panz tSls
fof'k"V lanHkZ tkdj osQoy fcanq ;k xksy vfLrRo osQ :iksa esa jtk
osQ fp=kksa esa vkus yxsA lkFk gh f=kdks.k] pkSdksj tSls ewyHkwr vkdkj
vkSj dHkh&dHkh bl lkjs ls tqM+k gqvk Hkkjrh; rRoKku dk dksbZ
'yksdA ftls vki ns[k jgs gSa ;g fp=k Hkh ,sls gh fp=kksa esa ls ,d
gSA bUgksaus tSls f=kdks.k] pkSdksj ewyHkwr vkdkjksa dh ;kstuk dh] oSls
gh yky] ihyk] uhyk tSls 'kq jaxksa dk iz;ksx fd;kA budk cpiu
eqacbZ esa chrk vkSj egkfo|ky; dh i<+kbZ Hkh ogha gqbZA izksxzsflo
vkfVZLV xzqi osQ 'kq: osQ dykdkj lHkklnksa esa ls jtk Hkh ,d
dykdkj FksA ckn esa os isfjl esa LFkkfir gks x,A vkt Hkh ;wjksi esa
jgdj os Hkkjrh; rRoKku ij vk/kfjr dyk&fufeZfr dj jgs gSaA

oh-,l- xk;rksaMs
bl fdrkc dh 'kqjQvkr esa
geus vewrZ fp=k oSQls ns[kk
tk,] mls oSQls le>k tk,
blosQ ckjs esa FkksM+k&cgqr i<+k
gSA Hkkjrh; dyk&bfrgkl esa
vewrZ fp=k'kSyh osQ fy,
fp=kdkj xk;rksaMs cM+k gh
tkuk&ekuk uke gSA tSlk fd
geus igys ns[kk gS] vewrZ
fp=kksa esa dksbZ igpkuus yk;d
fof'k"V izfrek ugha gksrhA
;g fp=k rks osQoy vkdkjksa
ls curk gSA xk;rksaMs osQ 'kq:
osQ fp=kksa dks NksM+dj yxHkx
lHkh vewrZ fp=k gaSA budk

fp=kdkj& oh-,l- xk;rksaMs

33

dyk f'k{k.k eqacbZ osQ lj ts-ts- dyk egkfo|ky; esa gqvk] ysfdu
ckn esa os fnYyh esa jgus yxsA blh otg ls mudh deZHkwfe fnYyh
jghA os dkiQh fparu vkSj euu djrs FksA mudk Hkkjrh; v;kRe
vkSj ckS&tSu rRofoKku dk vH;kl FkkA blh vH;kl ls mudh
fp=kfufeZfr gqbZ gSA fp=k cukus dh izf;k muosQ fy, ekuks lekf/
{k.k dh vuqHkwfr gksrh FkhA fp=k vkSj muosQ fp=k&fopkj ,d:i gks
tkrs FksA buosQ fp=kksa esa xgjs jax dh i`"BHkwfe ls /hjs&/hjs Li"V gksus
okys vkdkj fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA Nkis x, fp=k js[kkadu dks vki cgqr nsj
rd ns[krs jgsaxs rks vkidks vkdkjksa dk [ksy eglwl gksxkA FkksM+h gh
nsj esa vki bl fp=k osQ ckjs esa Lora=krk ls lkspus yxsaxsA

euthr ckok
Hkkjrh; feFkdksa (iqjk.kdFkk
osQ lanHkZ) osQ izfr vyx
gh n`f"Vdks.k gS euthr ckok
dkA bldks bUgksaus vius
fp=kksa osQ ek;e ls O;Dr
fd;k gSA buosQ fp=kksa esa
nsoh&nsorkvksa dh fofo/
izfrek,a vfHkuo :i esa
fn[kkbZ nsrh gaSA mUgksaus 'kq
yky jax dh i`"BHkwfe ij
,d ikao okyh xk; vkSj
Ng gkFkksa okys Hkxoku dh
vkfr;ksa dh jpuk dh gSA
,slh fofp=krk&iw.kZ jpuk,a
mudh fp=k dh fufeZfr dh
fo'ks"krk jgh gSA 'kq jaxksa
dh ;kstuk tSls euthr ckok

/eZjkt is cSBs Ng gkFk okys Hkxoku

ek;e& oSQuokl ij tyjax
fp=kdkj&euthr ckok
34

osQ fp=kksa dh [kkfl;r gS] oSls gh Hkkjrh; ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa osQ feFkd
dk vFkZ fudkydj mls vius fp=k esa izLrqr djuk HkhA ".k] nqxkZ]
f'ko] x.ks'k] guqeku tSls fofo/ fo"k;ksa ij muosQ }kjk cuk, x, fp=k
izfl gSAa

izHkkdj cjos
^esa<s+* okyk fp=k izHkkdj cjos dh izfl fdrkc ^dksjk oSQuokl* ls
fy;k x;k gSA cjos osQ fp=kksa esa iRFkj] fejph] isM+] i'kq] cht] tSls
NksVh&cM+h oLrqvksa osQ vkdkj fn[krs gSaA ^fulxZ osQ ewyk{kj* uked
fp=k esa vHkh&vHkh tehu ls mQij vk;k gqvk uUgk ikS/k] isM+] ikk]
iaNh] eNyh] iQy] iQwy tSls vusd vkdkj gSaA vkius dHkh vkleku
esa gkFkh osQ vkdkj dk ckny ns[kk gS] ;k fiQj isM+ osQ iks tSls
fn[kus okyk eNyh dk vkdkj] ;k fiQj fdlh mcM+&[kkcM+ ckny
esa psgjk\ ,sls dbZ vkHkklh vkdkj buosQ fp=kksa esa fn[krs gSaA izfr
osQ izfr xgjh Jk vkSj
[kqn osQ fp=k ls lPps jgs
cjos us ^dksjk oSQuokl*
uked fdrkc esa fy[kk
gS] ukfHk osQ ewy ls isfa Vax
dk tUe gksuk pkfg,A ogka
ls fudys vkdkj Hkw[k
ftrus gh lPps gksrs gSaA esa<s (jsoM+)] ek;e& dkxt ij js[kkadu
fp=kdkj& izHkkdj cjos

Hkqisu [kDdj
Hkqisu [kDdj fp=kdkj osQ rkSj ij e'kgwj ugha FksA budk ft dyk
fopkjd vkSj leh{kd osQ rkSj ij gksrk gSA Hkqisu [kDdj xqtjkr izkar
osQ egoiw.kZ fp=kdkj gSaA budh cgqr&lh fp=k izfrek,a vke yksxksa
dh vkt dh ifjfLFkfr osQ ckjs esa dgrh FkhaA buosQ bl fp=k dk uke
gS ^xHkkZoLFkk esa HkDr* (The Pregnant Devotee) bl fp=k dh
35

ladYiuk osQ ckjs esa mUgksaus

,d txg fy[kk gS]
nsouanu uked muosQ ,d
fe=k ,d ckj muosQ ?kj
vk,A os B.M dh lqcg esa
eksVh&lh pknj lj vkSj iwjs
'kjhj ij yisVdj gkFk esa
ekyk fy, tki dj jgs FksA
mUgsa ns[kdj ,slk vkHkkl
gksrk Fkk ekuks lkeus dksbZ
L=kh cSBh gSA ,slh gh cSBh
voLFkk esa Hkqisu [kDdj us
xHkkZoLFkk esa HkDr] ek;e& dkxt ij
mudk fp=k cuk;kA 'kjhj
tyjax] fp=kdkj& Hkwisu [kDdj
ij yisVh ;g pj lkM+h
tSlh yxrh gS vkSj nsouanu dh rksan xHkkZoLFkk dh lwpuk nsrh gSA
izkr% igj esa gkFk esa ekyk fy, ".k uke dk tki djus okys
nsouanu isV esa HkfDr&jl ls xHkkZoLFkk esa gSa] ,slk yxrk FkkA

uljhu eksgEenh
uljhu eksgEenh osQ vewrZ fp=kksa ij tSu] ckS vkSj rkvks fopkj
iz.kkyh dk izHkko FkkA bUgksaus oqQN le; ,e-,l- ;wfuoflZVh]
iWQdYVh vkWiQ iQkbZu vkV~Zl] cM+kSnk osQ dyk egkfo|ky; esa f'k{kd
osQ :i esa dke fd;k FkkA fp=k cuh js[kkvksa dks oSQls ns[ksas] ,slk iz'u
vkiosQ eu esa mBuk LokHkkfod gSA ysfdu vewrZ fp=k bruh vklkuh
ls Li"V ugha gksrkA gka] vxj vkius uljhu osQ Nk;k&fp=k ns[ks gkas
rks vkidks mudh fp=k cukus dh izf;k 'kk;n le> vk,A muosQ
,d Nk;kfp=k esa tehu ij ckjg cts dh /wi fxjh gqbZ fn[kkbZ nsrh
gSA tehu ij dksbZ ,d lh<+h] tehu ij j[kh oLrqvksa dk mQijh
i`"BHkkx vkSj budk [kM+k fgLlk bruk gh gesa fn[krk gSA eryc
36

'kh"kZdghu] ek;e& dkxt ij L;kgh fp=kdkj& uljhu eksgEenh

i`"BHkkx ij iM+h dM+d /wi vkSj [kM+s fgLls dh ^xgjh Nkao* dh

osQoy js[kk,a bl Nk;kfp=k esa gSaA og Nk;k&fp=k ;gka Nki ugha losQ
gSa] ij bl fp=k osQ js[kkvksa dh jpuk Hkh ,sls gh n`'; ls tqM+h gqbZ
gS vFkkZr~ ,slk fp=k osQoy ns[kdj le> ysuk FkksM+k eqf'dy gksxkA
ij vki Hkh ,sls gh utfj;s ls vius bnZ&fxnZ ns[kuk 'kq: djsaxs rks
Nk;k&izdk'k osQ bl yqHkkous [ksy esa js[kkvksa osQ dbZ n``'; vkidks
Hkh t:j fn[kkbZ nsaxsA

lq/hj iVo/Zu
^vke balkuksa osQ izfr vkReh;rk j[kus okys vkSj balkuksa osQ fp=kdkj*
,slh gh lq/hj iVokZu dh igpku gSA bUgksaus egkfo|ky; esa
fp=kdkjh dh ckdk;nk i<+kbZ ugha dhA is'ks ls ;s MkWDVj gSa
jsfM;ksyksftLVA buosQ fp=kksa esa balku osQ izfr tks vkReh;rk fn[krh gS]
bldk dkj.k budh oS| dh f'k{kk vkSj is'kk gks ldrk gS ,slk
budk ekuuk gSA blosQ vykok ekDlZoknh vkanksyu esa oqQN dky
rd lgHkkfxrk vkSj ekDlZoknh fopkj&iz.kkyh budh fp=kfufeZfr dh
iwjd FkhA ;gka Nik gqvk fp=k osQoy ,d vkjs[ku gSA ^ekspkZ dh
vksj* fdlh ekspkZ ls tqM+s gq, vkneh dk LosQp gSA xkSj ls ns[kas rks
irk pysxk fd ml vkneh osQ ,d gkFk esa ykBh gS vkSj bl ykBh
37

ij mlosQ gkFkksa dh etwcr idM+

gSA ,d iSj mQij mBk, og jkLrk
jksosQ [kM+k gSA psgjs ij mxz Hkko
osQ lkFk FkksM+h ek;wlh NkbZ gSA vke
yksxksa dh ekspkZ vkSj gM+rky dh
otg ls gksus okyh gkyr dk ,glkl
gksrk gSA buosQ vf/dka'k fp=kksa esa
vkt osQ 'kgjh balku osQ nSuafnu
thou osQ fofo/ lanHkZ gaSA
XXXX

fp=kdyk dks le>us osQ fy, ge

,d lkFk bl liQj ij py iM+s
FksA fHkecsVdk xqiQkvksa osQ vkfnekuo
osQ fp=kksa ls geus 'kqjQvkr dhA
vc ge blosQ vafre iM+ko rd
igaqp x, gSaA
ekspkZ dh vksj]
Hkkjrh; fp=kdyk dh ;g yach
ek;e& dkxt ij js[kkadu
dgkuh] dbZ lfn;ksa dk ;g liQj]
fp=kdkj& lq/hj iVo/Zu
iapra=k dh dFkkvksa tSlh ljl ugha
gSA ij cqf vkSj eu dks fofLer j[kus okyh t:j gSA bldh dbZ
egoiw.kZ ?kVuk,a geus ns[kha] ij vkSj dbZ izdkj osQ fp=k] mldh
dgkfu;ka] 'kSyh osQ ckjs esa ge txg dh e;kZnk osQ dkj.k ;gka crk
ugha ldrsA ge xqiQk fp=kksa ls lh/k vtark fp=kksa ij vk x,] vkSj
ogka ls eqxy y?kq'kSyh rd igqapsA vtark fp=k 'kSyh osQ ckn vkSj
eqxy y?kq'kSyh ls igys eafnj fHkfk fp=kksa dh cgqr cM+h ijaijk Hkkjr
esa jgh gSA vkt Hkh nf{k.k osQ eafnjksa esa vkSj flfDde osQ iWxksMk
eafnjksa esa eafnj&fp=k fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA Hkkjrh; dyk bfrgkl esa y?kqfp=k
'kSyh Hkh egoiw.kZ gSA blosQ nks egoiw.kZ izdkj Hkh geus ns[ksA ;g
38

'kSyh vkt Hkh vfLrRo esa gSA vkLFkk gks rks utnhdh dyk&laxzgky;
esa ;k vkl&ikl osQ xkaoksa esa ge bUgsa [kkst ldrs gSaA D;k irk] ,slh
[kkst esa vkt rd u feyk gqvk fp=k Hkh fey tk,A
jktk jfo oekZ osQ ckjs esa geus i<+kA ij mudk osQoy fp=k
ns[kdj eu ugha HkjrkA muosQ izfr vkSj tkuus osQ fy, fdrkcksa vkSj
dyk laxzgky; dk lgkjk ysuk iMs+xkA ogha ckr ^caxky 'kSyh* osQ
ckjs esa Hkh gSA vouhUnzukFk osQ dbZ vkSj lqanj fp=kksa dh ckrsa jg xbZ
gSaA uanyky cksl] vflr oqQekj gy/j] f{krsanzukFk etwenkj buosQ
fp=k ;gka Nki ugha losQA mudh ijaijk dks vkxs pykus okys x.ks'k
ikbZu] osQ-th- lqcz.;e tSls vusd fp=kdkj vkSj muosQ fp=kksa osQ
ckjs esa tkuuk vkidks t:j vPNk yxrk gSA ;g lc tkurs gq, Hkh
fdrkc dh e;kZnk dks ;ku esa j[kuk iM+kA ysfdu ;gka oqQN vkSj
dykdkjksa osQ uke crkuk t:jh gSA isLruth ckseuth] ,e-,iQfiBkokyk] ,e-oh- /qja/j] ,y-,l- rkldj] ,u-,l- csanzs] ,-osQgsCcj ;s lc igys dh ih<+h osQ O;fDr&fp=kdkj] fulxZfp=kdkj
vkSj jpukdkj gSaA budh fp=kfr;ka Hkh cM+h vPNh gaSA xk;rksaMs]
jtk] cjos] uljhu eksgEenh] Hkqisu [kDdj] euthr ckok ls ysdj
lq/hj iVo/Zu rd osQ fp=k geus ns[ksA ledkyhu fp=k'kSyh osQ
vyx&vyx fp=k cukus okys fp=kdkj vkSj mudh fp=kfr;ka
le>us osQ fy, bu fp=kdkjksa dks ;gka varHkwZr fd;k x;k gSA buosQ
vykok lehj ekasMy] jkschu eksaMy] vatyh byk esuu] jhuh /qeky]
vrqy nksfM;k] Vh- oh- larks"k] fj;kt dksew] ufyuh eykuh] vdcj
inelh tSls vusd dykdkjksa osQ fp=k vki ns[k ldrs gSaA ;s fp=k
ns[kus osQ fy, vki fdrkcksa dk] v[kckj dk vkSj lcls egoiw.kZ
dyknkyku dh enn ys ldrs gaSA fp=k oSQls ns[kas] mldk jlxzg.k
oSQls djsa] oSQls le>sa] blosQ ckjs esa geus 'kq: esa i<+k gSA fiQj Hkh
'kq:&'kq: esa fp=k&izn'kZuh ns[krs oDr 'kk;n eqf'dy yxsxhA ysfdu
fp=k ls ckras rks djks] og Hkh vkils nksLrh dk gkFk c<+k,xkA
39

Hkkjrh; rRoKku dgrk gS] dksbZ Hkh dyk vykSfdd vkuan

nsrh gSA eryc dksbZ Hkh pht vxj vki [kjhnrs gSa ;k feyrh gS
rks og oLrq&fo"k; dk vkuan gS ykSfdd vkuanA ij dykfufeZfr
ns[kus ls] lquus ls ;k fuekZ.k djus ls tks vkuan feyrk gS og
vykSfdd vkuan gS vkRek dk vkuanA
;gka ls vkxs dk liQj vc vkidks r; djuk gSA cgqr fp=k
ns[kus gSa] mUgsa le>us dk vkuan Hkh ysuk gSA ,d okD; ;kn vk;k]
gj dykdkj dksbZ [kkl balku ugha gksrk] ij gj balku esa ,d [kkl
dykdkj t:j gksrk gSA vkiosQ vanj dk ,slk gh dksbZ tkuk&vutkuk
dykdkj izsfjr gksdj fp=k cuk ldrk gSA vkxs osQ fp=k&liQj osQ
fy, vkidks gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

40