Chapter 3 Solubility Equilibrium 3.

1 The Concept of Solubility - Review of Solution Chemistry

A. Molecular vs. Ionic Solutions A molecular solution consists of one or more polar covalent compounds dissolved in water. e.g.: Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in water (no dissociation) An ionic solution consists of one or more ionic compounds dissolved in water. e.g.: NaCl dissolved in water NaCl(s) -> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) (DISSOCIATION takes place and IONS are present) B. Solubility: The amount of substance that will dissolve in a specific amount of water e.g.: the solubility of AgNO3@25 C is 155g/L, Thus a saturated solution of AgNO3 contains 155 g in each litre, or: 1 3 155 g 3 = 0.912 3 170 3 C. Precipitation Reactions: Formation of an insoluble precipitate. e.g.: Pb (NO3)2 (aq) + 2 KI (aq) -> PbI2 (s) + 2 KNO3 (aq) Net Ionic equation: e.g.: Pb2+ + 2 I- (aq) -> PbI2(s) Spectator ions: K+ & NO3D. Concentration Calculations: E.g. : If 5.0 g of Al(NO3)3 is dissolved in 0.500 L of solution, A) What is the molar concentration of Al(NO3)3?
[(3 )3 ] = 5.0 g 1 (3 )3 = 0.047 0.500 213.0

B) What is the concentration of each of the ions?

[ 3+ ] = [ (3 )3 ] = 0.047 [3 ] = 3 [(3 )3 ] = 3 0.047 = 0.14

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