1

Chng 3
B BIN I
IN P XOAY CHIU
2
B bin i in p xoay chiu
Dng thay i tr hiu dng ca in p xoay chiu ng ra
Cc ng dng:
iu khin cng sut cc ti in tr
iu khin chiu sng
iu khin tc ng c khng ng b 1 pha & 3 pha, ng c vn nng
Dng trong cc h thng b nhuyn.
3
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti thun tr (ti R)
Gc kch: 0 180
o o
o s s
4
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti thun tr (ti R)
Tr hiu dng p trn ti:
1
2 2
2
1
2
1
.
2
sin 2
1
2
t t
t
U u dx
U U
t
t
o o
t t
| |
=
|
\ .
| |
= +
|
\ .
}

Tr hiu dng dng qua ti:
R
U
I
t
t
=
H s cng sut ng vo b bin i:
2
1
t
t
2
t
2
2 sin
1
U
U
I . U
R / U
S
P
PF |
.
|

\
|
t
o
+
t
o
= = = =
Dng trung bnh qua SCR:
) cos 1 (
R 2
U
dx . x sin .
R
U
2
1
I
m m
VAV
o +
t
=
t
=
}
t
o

Dng hiu dng qua SCR:
2
I
I
t
VRMS
=
5
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti thun cm (ti L)
Vi gc kch
2
t
o > :
6
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti thun cm (ti L)
Vi gc kch
2
t
o > :
Tr hiu dng p trn ti:
( )
1 1
2 2 2
2 1 sin 2
sin 1
2
t m m
U U d U
t o
o
o o
u u
t t t

( | |
= = +
|
(
\ .
}

Tr hiu dng dng qua ti:
( )
1
1
2
2 2
2 2
1 3
2 1 1 2cos sin2
t t
U
I i d
L
t o
o
o
u o o
t e t t

(
| | | |
= = + +
| |
(
\ . \ .

}

7
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti thun cm (ti L)
Trong ng dng vi ti thun cm (L), thnh phn hi c bn ca dng ti
c ngha quan trng & tnh bi cng thc:
(1)
2 1
( ) (2 sin 2 )
m
L m
U
I
L
o o o
e t t
= +
Vi thnh phn hi c bn, mch hot ng nh mt cm khng iu chnh
c theo gc kch o :
(1)
( )
2 1
( )
(2 sin 2 )
m
L
L m
U L
X
I
e
o
o
o o
t t
= =
+

8
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti thun cm (ti L)
Vi gc kch
2
t
o s :
in p ti = in p ngun
Khng th iu khin p trn ti
Bin thin p ng ra
theo gc kch
9
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti RL
Gi arctan( / ) L R e = : gc kch ti hn

Vi o > : dng ti gin on & p ng ra iu khin c theo o

Vi o < : dng ti lin tc & p ng ra khng iu khin c
10
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti RL
Bin thin p ng ra
theo gc kch
11
B bin i in p xoay chiu 1 pha
Trng hp ti RL
STT TAI PHAM VI
IEU
KHIEN
TRHIEU DUNG AP
TAI
TRHIEU DUNG DONG
TAI
HESOCONG
SUAT
GHI CHU
01 R
t o < s 0
t
o
t
o
2
2 sin
1 . + U
t
o
t
o
2
2 sin
1 . +
R
U

t
o
t
o
2
2 sin
1 . +

t o
t
< s
2

)
2
2 sin
1 ( 2 .
t
o
t
o
+ U

o
t
o
t
o
e
2 sin
3
)
2
cos 2 1 )( 1 ( 2 . + +
L
U

2
t
=
02 L
0
2
> >o
t
U
L
U
e
0
vung khong
ieu khien c
ap tai
t o < s
) , , ( L R U
t
o ) , , ( L R I
t
o
PF( ) , , L R o
R
L
arctg
e
=

03 RL
0 > >o
U
2 2
) ( L R
U
e +

cos
vung khong
ieu khien c
ap tai

12
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Cu hnh b bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
13
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Phn tch hot ng ca BB in p xoay chiu 3 pha kh phc tp
thng s dng cc chng trnh m phng

Gc kch:
Ti R: 0 5 6 o t s s
Ti L: 2 5 6 t o t s s
Ti RL:
( )
arctan 5 6 L R e o t s s

Xung kch:
m bo kch dn cc SCR, xung kch cn ko di trong khong 7 6 o t
14
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Ti R, gc kch 30
o
o =
Dng sng dng, p ng ra trn 1 pha
15
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Ti R, gc kch 75
o
o =
Dng sng dng, p ng ra trn 1 pha
16
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Ti R, gc kch 120
o
o =
Dng sng dng, p ng ra trn 1 pha
17
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Dng sng dng, p ng ra trn 1 pha
Ti R=10O, L = 10mH, gc kch 30
o
o =
18
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Dng sng dng, p ng ra trn 1 pha
Ti R=10O, L = 10mH, gc kch 75
o
o =
19
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Dng sng dng, p ng ra trn 1 pha
Ti R=10O, L = 10mH, gc kch 120
o
o =
20
B bin i in p xoay chiu 3 pha
Bin thin in p hiu dng ng ra vi gc kch
o
21
Cng tc xoay chiu
Tn gi ting Anh: Solid state relay, Semiconductor relay

C th hot ng vi tn s cao, p ng nhanh, khng gy phng in

C tn hao trn linh kin bn dn Cn gii nhit

S dng trong: ng ngt ng c, chuyn mch ngun cho li in,
chuyn mch trong h thng UPS
22
Cng tc xoay chiu 1 pha
23
Cng tc xoay chiu 1 pha
Cu trc mt b contact xoay chiu 1 pha, ng ct ng b vi thi
im p li qua zero
24
Cng tc xoay chiu 1 pha
in p ngun
Dng ti
Tn hiu
iu khin
ng ct khng ng b vi thi im p li qua zero
25
Cng tc xoay chiu
ng ct ng b vi thi im p li qua zero
Thi im tt
dng ti
in p ngun
Dng ti
Tn hiu
iu khin
26
Cng tc xoay chiu 3 pha
27
Cng tc xoay chiu 3 pha
Cu trc mt b contact xoay chiu 3 pha
28
iu khin b bin i in p xoay chiu
iu khin pha:

Phng php thng thng:
iu khin kch dn theo gc kch o nhiu sng hi in p

Phng php chuyn mch cng bc:
- iu khin kch dn & kch tt
- in p ng ra c th c iu khin theo kiu iu rng xung
gim sng hi
- Cn s dng cc linh kin c th kch tt (transistor, GTO)
hoc SCR vi mch tt cng bc
29
iu khin b bin i in p xoay chiu
iu khin t l thi gian (Time duty ratio control)
S dng contact xoay chiu, ng ngt ng b vi thi im p li qua zero
Chu k ng ngt cng sut cho ti: T = nT
s
(T
s
: chu k p li)
Kch ng trong khong T
t
= mT
s
(T
t
s T)
in p hiu dng trn ti:
t
t
T
U U
T
=
30
V d tnh ton
V du3.1:
Bobien oi ap xoay chieu mot pha cap nguon cho tai thuan trR=10O.
Nguon xoay chieu cotrhieu dung bang 220V, 50Hz. Goc ieu khien o
t
=
2
[ rad ]
a. Tnh trhieu dung ap tai
b. Tnh cong suat tieu thucua tai
c. Tnh hesocong suat
d. eat c cong suat tai bang 4 kW, tnh oln goc kch o
e. nh mc linh kien sdung
31
V d tnh ton
c. Hesocong suat nguon
( boqua ton hao tren SCR )
707 , 0
10
56 , 155
. 220
2420
R
U
. U
P
I . U
P
I . U
P
S
P
PF
t
t
t
t t t
= =
= = = = =

Giai:

a. Trhieu dung cua ap tai
] V [ 56 , 155 220 .
. 2
2
. 2 sin
2
1
U .
2
2 sin
1 U
2
1
2
1
t
=
|
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
|
.
|

\
| t
+
t
t
=
|
.
|

\
|
t
o
+
t
o
=


b. Cong suat tieu thucua tai
] W [ 2420
10
56 , 155
P
U .
R
1
dX .
R
u
2
1
dX . i . u
2
1
P
2
t
2
0
2
0
2
t
2
t
t t t
= =
=
t
=
t
=
} }
t t

32
V d tnh ton
d. Khi P
t
= 4 kW, ta co: ] V [ 200 10 . 4000 R . P U
t t
= = = .
Tren ac tnh U
t
(o), Ta xac nh goc o tng ng vi U
t
= 200V la:
o = 0,99979[rad] hay o=57,28
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
0
50
100
150
200
250
U
t
(V)
Gc kch (rad)
33
V d tnh ton
e. Ap lam viec ln nhat cua SCR:
] [ . V U U
RWM DWM
311 2 220 = = =
Chon hesoan toan ap: K
u
= 2,5
ta cotham soSCR can chon thoa man ieu kien:
U
DRM
= U
RRM
> 2,5.311 = 778[V]

Trtrung bnh dong qua SCR (o=0):

] A [ 9 , 9
10 .
220 . 2
R .
U 2
I
dX .
R
X sin . U . 2
2
1
dX . i
2
1
I
VAV
0
2
0
t VAV
=
t
=
t
=
t
=
t
=
} }
t t


Trhieu dung dong qua SCR

] [ ,
.
.
.
sin . .
A
R
U
dX
R
X U
I
RMS
55 15
10 2
220 2
2
2 2
2
1
2
1
2
0
2
= = =
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
}
t
t

34
V d tnh ton
V du3.2
Cong tac xoay chieu ba pha dang ay umac vao tai theo cau hnh sao.
Cong suat tai P= 20kW, hesocong suat 0,707.
Tnh nh mc ap vadong cho linh kien. Ap nguon cotrhieu dung ap day 440V

Lu : Khi tnh chn SCR cn bit:
- in p ngc cc i c th t ln SCR,
- Dng trung bnh , hoc dng hiu dng qua SCR.
35
V d tnh ton
Giai:

Dong ien qua moi pha cotrhieu dung:
] [ ,
, . . cos . .
A
U
P
I 119 37
707 0 440 3
20000
3
0
= = =

Dong nh qua SCR:
] [ , , . . A I I
m
5 52 119 37 2 2 = = =

Dong trung bnh qua SCR:
] [ ,
,
A
I
I
m
AV
71 16
5 52
= = =
t t


Trhieu dung dong qua SCR:
] [ ,
,
A
I
I
m
RMS
25 26
2
5 52
2
= = =

ien ap nh at len SCR:
] [ , . . V U U U
RWM DWM
3 622 440 2 2 = = = =
36
V d tnh ton
V du3.3
Bobien oi ap xoay chieu mot pha mac vao tai L.
Tnh trhieu dung ap vadong tai khi
3
2t
o = [rad].
Tnh cong suat phan khang cua song hai c ban.
Cho biet L=0,01H, ap nguon U = 220V, e = 314 rad/s
L
U U
t
I
t
37
V d tnh ton
Giai:

Tr hiu dng p ti tnh theo cng thc:
] V [ 566 , 137
2
3
2
. 2 sin
3
2
1 2 . 220
2
2 sin
1 2 . U U
t
=
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
t
+
t
t
= |
.
|

\
|
t
o
+
t
o
=
Tr hiu dng dng ti:
( ) o
t
+ o + |
.
|

\
|
t
o

e
= 2 sin
3
cos 2 1 1 2
L .
U
I
2
t

] A [ 142 , 29
3
2
. 2 sin .
3
3
2
cos 2 1
3
2
1 . 2 .
01 , 0 . 314
220
I
2
t
= |
.
|

\
| t
t
+ |
.
|

\
| t
+
|
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
t
t
=
38
V d tnh ton
Cong suat phan khang cua song hai c ban:
Q
(1)
= U
S
.I
t(1)
vi
( ) t < o <
t
o + o t
e t
=
2
2 sin 2 2 .
L . .
U
I
S
) 1 ( t

] A [ 395 , 27 I
3
2
. 2 sin
3
2
. 2 2 .
01 , 0 . 314 .
220
I
) 1 ( t
) 1 ( t
=
(

|
.
|

\
| t
+
t
t
t
=


Ta c Q
(1)
= 220.27,397 = 6025,8 Var
39
V d tnh ton
V du3.4
Mach ong lc cua bobunhuyen mot pha nh hnh v.
Dong buc ieu khien bang cach thay oi goc kch o trong khoang |
.
|

\
|
t
t
,
2
.
Ap nguon xoay chieu cotrhieu dung U = 220V, e = 314 rad/s.
Cong suat bucua tuQ
C
= 10 kVAr
a/- Tnh oln cuon khang L ecothebucong suat
vi oln thay oi tQ
min
=0 en Q
max
= 10 kVAr.
b/- Vi L tnh c, xac nh dong butong ( hai c ban)
ng vi cac trng hp goc ieu khien t o
t
o
t
o
t
o = = = =
4 3 2 1
6
5
3
2
2
; ; ;
40
V d tnh ton
41
V d tnh ton
42
V d tnh ton
Giai:

a/- Tnh L ecothebut Q
min
=0 en Q
max
= 10 kVAr.
Cong suat bucua tu:
2
2
U C
X
U
Q
C
C
. . e = =
Cong suat bucua cuon khang:
L
U
X
U
Q
L
L
. e
2 2
= =
ebuen cos = 1, ta can coQ
C
= Q
L

To:
C
L
.
2
1
e
=
] [ . ,
.
.
.
F
U
Q
C
C 6
2 2
10 99 657
220 314
000 10

= = =
e

( )
] [ ,
. , .
H L 0154 0
10 99 657 314
1
6 2
= =


43
V d tnh ton
b/- Tnh dng b tng vi cc gc kch o khc nhau
Dong butong:
i
bu
=
( )
1
1 t C
L . . j
U
U . . C . j i i
e
+ e = +
vi
( )
| | o + o t
e t
= =
e
2 sin 2 2
L . .
U
I
L .
U
S
1 L
1

Ta coket qua:
I
bu |
.
|

\
|
=
2
t
o
= 45,477-25,655=19,821A
I
bu |
.
|

\
|
=
3
2t
o
=45,477-20,246=25,230A
I
bu |
.
|

\
|
=
6
5t
o
= 45,477-13,802=31,674A
I
bu( ) t o =
= 45,477-0=45,477A
44
V d tnh ton
V du3.5:

Cho bobien oi ien ap xoay chieu mot pha, tai RL,
in p ngun U = 220V, tan songuon ac f=50Hz.
Ket luan g vetnh lien tuc cua dong tai trong cac trng hp sau:
a/- R = 10 O ; L = 0,01H ;
6
t
o =
b/- R = 1 O ; L = 0,01 H ;
6
t
o =
U
t
I
t
L
R
45
V d tnh ton
Giai:
a/- R = 10 O ; L = 0,01H ;
6
t
o =

t
o
e

> = =
= = =
] [ ,
] [ ,
, . .
rad
rad arctg
R
L
arctg
523 0
6
3042 0
10
01 0 314

Dong tai gian oan.
46
V d tnh ton
b/- R = 10 O ; L = 0,01H ;
6
t
o =
] [ ,
, . .
rad arctg
R
L
arctg 262 1
1
01 0 314
= = =
e

t
o < = = ] [ , rad 523 0
6

Dong tai lien tuc .

47
V d tnh ton
V du3.6
Bobien oi ap xoay chieu mot pha ieu khien theo phng phap tlethi gian.
p nguon xoay chieu U = 220V, e = 314 rad/s.
Thi gian ong 1s, thi gian ngat 0,5s. Tai thuan trR = 50O
a/- Tnh trhieu dung i en ap tai vadong tai
b/- Tnh cong suat tai
c/- Tnh hesocong suat nguon
48
V d tnh ton
Giai:
a/- Trhieu dung ap tai: ] V [ 6 , 179
5 , 1
1
. 220
T
T
. U U
1
t
= = =
Do tai R nen trhieu dung dong tai ] A [ 592 , 3
50
6 , 179
R
U
I
t
t
= = =

b/- Cong suat tai R:
] W [ 333 , 645
50
6 , 179
R
U
P
2 2
t
R
= = =

c/- Hesocong suat nguon
8166 , 0
592 , 3 . 220
333 , 645
I . U
P
S
P
t
R R
= = = =