Set nr.

2 Sisteme de ecuat ii diferent iale de ordinul I

Sisteme diferent iale liniare, cu coecient i constant i

S a se g aseasc a solut ia general a a urm atoarelor sisteme de ecuat ii diferent iale liniare cu coecienti constanti omogene si neomogene: Prin reducerea sistemului la o ecuat ie diferent ial a: dx x =xyz dt 3x + y z = 0 dy y = 3x + y 3z 1. 2. + x 5y + z = 0 dt dz z = 4x 2y + z x + y 3z = 0 dt dx dt + x y = 0 x = 2x + y dy , x(0) = 1; y (0) = 3 3. + y 4z = 0 4. dt y = x + 2y dz + 4z x = 0 dt 5.
dy dx dz dx

= 4 y + 6z 6. = 2 y + 3z + x

y = z + e x z = y + ex

Cu ecuat ia caracteristic a (vectori si valori proprii): x =xy+z x = 2x + 2y + 2z y = x + y z 2. y = 10x + 6y + 8z 1. z = 2x y z = 3x y 2z x =y+z x = x + y y = x + z 4. y = y + 4 z 3. z =x+y z = x 4z iei constantelor: Prin metoda variat 1. x + 2 x + 4y = 1 + 4 t 2. 3 2 t y +xy = 2 1 x = 11x + 6y + 11t y = 2x y t + 1

3. 4.

x =y+t , x(0) = 1; y (0) = 1; y = x + et x + 4x + 2y = y 6x 3y =

2 et 1 3 et 1

Prin metoda coecient ilor nedeterminat i: 1. x = x y + 3 t2 2. y = 4x 2y + 8t + 2 x = 2x y + sin t y = 4x + 2y + cos t

Prin orice metoda: x = 6x 12y z x = 4x 3y y = x 3y z 1. 2. y = 3 x + 4y z = 4x + 12y + 3z x = 15x 6y + 16z x =xz y = 15x 7y + 18z y =x 4. 3. z = 19x 8y + 21z z =xy x =y+z x = x + y + z y = x + y z 6. y =xy+z 5. z =y+z z =x+yz x + 9x + 12y + 5z = 4t2 + 23t 6 y 5x 612y 3z = 2t2 1123t + 4 7. z x 4y z = 7t + 3 8. xy z = 0 , x = 0, y (1) = 2, z (1) = 1. xz + y = 0

Indicat ie: La ex. 8, se face schimbarea de variabil a |x| = et . Rezult a un sistem cu coecienti constanti.

Sisteme simetrice

2.1. S a se scrie urmatoarele sisteme de ecuatii diferentiale sub forma simetrica si sa se stabileasca daca functiile date sunt integrale prime ale acestora: x = x yt F (x, y, t) = t2 + 2xy, G(x, y, t) = x2 ty ; y = x x = xy F (x, y, t) = x ln y x2 y, G(x, y, t) = 2 ln x + y = x2 + y 2
y 2 x
2

 x y = y z =u F (y, z, u, x) = yz ux, G(y, z, u, x) = xy + uz. y z u = y 2.2. S a se determine integralele prime ale urmatoarelor sisteme simetrice:
dx yz dx xz dx x dy dx dz dx

= =
dy zx dy yz dy y

z x y z xy y z

= = =

dz xy

dz = xy

dz x+y

dx x(y z ) dx x(x+y ) dx bz cy

= =

dy y (z x)

dz z (xy ) dz (xy )(2x+2y +z )

dy y (x+y )

dy cxaz

dz ay bx

dx 2y (2ax) dx x(y 2 z 2 ) dx xz

= =

dy x2 +z 2 y 2 4ax dy y (x2 +z 2 ) dz = x 2 dz xy 2 z

dz 2yz

dz z (x2 +y 2 )

dy z (2xy ) dy xyz 2

dx y2 z2

dx x3 +3xy 2

dy 2y 3

dz y2 z dz 2xz

dx x2 y 2 z 2 dx x2 +y 2 yz dx xy dx y +z

= =

dy 2xy

dy x2 y 2 +xz

dz (xy )z

= =

dy x+y dy z +x dy z

= =

dz z dz x+y

dx z 2 y 2

= dz y