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Buckling of Thin Metal Shells 91
Buckling of Thin Metal Shells 91
J.M. Rotter
1.0
cr/ cl
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
1.0
at cr = 0.408cl . Realistic lengths and jointing systems, and changes of plate thickness all cause the bifurcation load to increase, so this reference stress is a useful one. However, this buckling stress is well above normal design values for typical imperfect cylinders, so Rotter and Teng considered the simultaneous presence of a dent imperfection just above the lap joint. This exploration (Fig. 2.16) showed that imperfect lap joints are only marginally weaker than perfect lap joints (only 26% strength loss at w0 /t = 1.0). Further, if design is based on an imperfection amplitude comparable with realistic accidental dent imperfections (e.g. w0 /t = 1.0), the further reduction in strength caused by the lap joint is only some 13%. Since the lap joint is the most extreme version of all the imperfections of alignment at joints (Fig. 2.15), it is evident that most eccentricities at a circumferential joint need not cause concern. The results of Rotter and Teng (1989a) were later conrmed and extended by Greiner and Yang (1996). Conditions leading to plastic collapse in lap-jointed pressurised cylinders were thoroughly explored by Teng (1994).