GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun

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gy nay, nhu cu hc tp v nghin cu lnh vc ng dng cng ngh K Thu!t T"uy#n $%nh ngy cng cao. Cng ngh truyn h nh c!ng ph"t tri#n ngy cng $a d%ng v phong ph&, v'i nh(ng cng ngh ph"t tri#n ngy cng cao v hin $%i, nh)ng v*n da vo nh(ng nguyn l+ c, -.n. 0n 1K Thu!t T"uy#n $%nh2 gi'i thiu cho ch&ng ta -i3t 45t c"ch chi ti3t v & thu!t t"uy#n h%nh. 6 l4 7u8n v'i c"ch 9:a ch(a v ;h<c phc nh(ng v=n $ c:a tivi, trong 7u" tr nh hc tp v nghin cu v'i 9 ch> -.o v gi&p $? tn t nh c:a thy gi"o '( ')*T $+N, ch&ng 84 $@ hc hAi $)Bc r=t nhiu ;i3n thc v truyn h nh. Co ;i3n thc chuyn ngnh cDn h%n ch3 nn ;hng tr"nh ;hAi nh(ng ;hi34 ;huy3t. Ch&ng 84 4ong nhn $)Bc nh(ng $Eng gEp c:a th-y c v m.i ng/0i. Ch1ng 2m 3in ch4n thnh c5m 6n7 F /5i, ngy GH th"ng II nJ4 GKKL /hE4 M6NFO

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun

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T%m hiGu chung v# t"uy#n h%nh sH

KhIi niJm chung v# t"uy#n h%nh sH:

T"uy#n h%nh sH K sL MNng Oh/6ng OhIO sH PG tQo RK/u t"S v t"uy#n tTn hiJu cUa ch/6ng t"%nh t"uy#n h%nh t"Vn &Vnh thng tin C"c h thPng truyn h nh phQ -i3n hin nay nh)O /NMC, RST, MUCS0 l c"c h thPng truyn h nh t),ng t. NVn hiu 6id8o l h4 lin tc th8o thWi gian. NVn hiu truyn h nh t),ng t chXu .nh h)Yng c:a nhiu y3u tP Znhi[u v can nhi[u t\ n5i -5 h thPng v t\ -n ngoi] l4 gi.4 ch=t l)Bng h nh .nh. ^# ;h<c phc nh(ng hin t)Bng ny ng)Wi ta 4@ hEa tVn hiu h nh Y d%ng 9P $# _` l+. Nruyn h nh 9P cE nh(ng )u $i#4 9auO CE th# ti3n hnh r=t nhiu 7u" tr nh _` l+ trong Mtudio Ztrung ta4 truyn h nh] 4 t> 9P Mb / ;hng gi.4 Z-i3n $Qi ch=t l)Bng cao]. Nrong truyn h nh t),ng t th vic ny gay ra 4co tVch l!yZ4di ;hau _` l+ $u gay 4co]. C[ 9` dng thi3t -X t $5ng ;i#4 tra v $iu ;hi#n nhW 4"y tVnh. CE ;h. nJng l)u tVn hiu 9P trong c"c -5 nh' cE c=u tr&c $,n gi.n v 9au $E $c nE v'i tPc $5 tey +. fh. nJng truyn trn c ly l'nO tVnh chPng nhi[u cao Zdo vic ci 4@ 9`a ldi, chPng ldi, -.o v...]. C[ t%o d%ng l=y 4*u tVn hiu, do $E d[ thc hin vic chuy#n $Qi h truyn h nh, $gng -5 t\ nhiu ngugn ;h"c nhau, d# thc hin nh(ng ;h _.o trong truyn h nh. C"c thi3t -X 9P l4 vic Qn $Xnh, vn hnh d[ dng v ;hng cn $iu ch>nh c"c thi3t -X trong ;hi ;hai th"c. CE ;h. nJng _` l+ nhiu ln $gng thWi 45t 9P tVn hiu ZnhW ghcp ;nh phan chia th8o thWi gian]. CE ;h. nJng thu tPt trong truyn 9Eng $a $)Wng. Fin t)Bng -Eng 4a thuWng _.y ra trong h thPng truyn h nh t),ng t do tVn hiu truyn $3n 4"y thu th8o nhiu $)Wng.6ic tr"nh nhi[u $gng ;nh trong h thPng thng tin 9P c!ng l4 gi.4 $i hin t)Bng ny trong truyn h nh 7u.ng -".
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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun Ni3t ;i4 $)Bc phQ tn nhW 9` dng c"c ;h thut ncn -Jng tn, t> l ncn cE th# ln $3n iK ln 4 hu nh) ng)Wi _84 ;hng nhn -i3t $)Bc 9 9uy gi.4 ch=t l)Bng. N\ $E cE th# truyn $)Bc nhiu ch),ng tr nh trn 45t ;nh 9Eng, trong ;hi truyn h nh t),ng t 4di ch),ng tr nh ph.j deng 45t ;nh 9Eng ring. Nuy nhin truyn h nh 9P c!ng cE nh(ng nh)Bc $i#4 $"ng 7uan ta4O C.i thng c:a tVn hiu tJng do $E $5 r5ng -Jng tn c:a thi3t -X v h thPng truyn l'n h,n nhiu 9o v'i tVn hiu t),ng t. 6ic ;i#4 tra ch=t l)Bng tVn hiu 9P Y 4di $i#4 c:a ;nh truyn phc t%p h,n Zph.i deng 4%ch chuy#n $Qi 9Pkt),ng t].

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NVn hiu h nh t),ng t vo 0@ hEa tVn hiu h nh 0@ hEa ;nh li3n $Qi tVn hiu fnh tuyn h nh NVn hiu 6id8o t),ng t ra pi.i 4@ tVn hiu h nh pi.i 4@ tVn hiu li3n $Qi tVn hiu

$%nh F: M, $g ;hPi c:a h thPng truyn h nh 9P ))X C6 s[ \in P]i tTn hiJu t"uy#n h%nh
FX ^in P]i tTn hiJu 'iM2o li3n $Qi tVn hiu 6id8o t),ng t thnh 6id8o 9P l -i3n $Qi thun, cDn -i3n $Qi tVn hiu 6id8o 9P thnh t),ng t l -i3n $Qi ng)Bc. Nrong h thPng truyn h nh 9P cE r=t nhiu -5 -i3n $Qi thun v ng)Bc. fhi -i3n $Qi tVn hiu 6id8o 4u t),ng t thnh tVn hiu 6id8o 4u 9P ta cE th# deng G ph),ng ph"p 9auO =h/6ng OhIO F: li3n $Qi trc ti3p tVn hiu 4u tQng hBp /NMC, RST, MUCS0 ra tVn hiu 9P =h/6ng OhIO W: li3n $Qi ring t\ng tVn hiu thnh phn ZtVn hiu chEi m, tVn hiu 9P nkm v lk m hooc c"c tVn hiu 4u c, -.n n, p, l] ra tVn hiu 9P v tryun
T8+9N, :) $;C C<N, N,$)*= $> N?) _ M<N K@ T$ABT T8ACDN $EN$

GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun $gng thWi th8o thWi gian hooc ghcp ;nh th8o thWi gian. Rh),ng ph"p G li3n $Qi ring c"c tVn hiu thnh phn Zc:a tVn hiu 4u] thnh tVn hiu 9 9q l4 tPc $5 -it tJng cao h,n 9o v'i vic -i3n $Qi tVn hiu 4u 6id8o tQng hBp. C"ch ny cE )u $i#4 l ;hng ph thu5c c"c h thPng truyn h nh t),ng t, thun tin cho vic trao $Qi c"c ch),ng tr nh truyn h nh. C!ng cE th# gi.4 tPc $5 -it n3u 9` dng 4@ thVch hBp. Co 4@ ring c"c thnh phn tVn hiu 4u, nncE th# ;h` $)Bc nhi[u 7ua l%i 6 nh(ng nguyn nhan trn cho nn c"ch -i3n $Qi 9P c"c tVn hiu thnh phn Zc:a tVn hiu 6id8o 4u tQng hBp] )u vit h,n c"ch -i3n $Qi trc ti3p tVn hiu 6id8o 4u tQng hBp. Co $E, tQ chc truyn thanh truyn h nh 7uPc t3 ;huy3n c"o nn deng lo%i ny cho trung ta4 truyn h nh Z9tudio], truyn d*n, ph"t 9Eng v ghi h nh. G. Ch.n t-n sH Ky m`u

Cng $o%n $u tin c:a 7u" tr nh -i3n $Qi tVn hiu t),ng t 9ang tVn hiu 9P l l=y 4*u ZcE ngha l rWi r%c tVn hiu t),ng t th8o thWi gian]. Co $E tn 9P l=y 4*u l 45t trong nh(ng thng 9P c, -.n c:a h thPng ;h thut 9P. CE nhiu y3u tP 7uy3t$Xnh vic la chn tn 9P l=y 4*u. Nn 9P l=y 4*u cn $)Bc _"c $Xnh 9ao cho h nh .nh nhn $)Bc cE ch=t l)Bng cao nh=t, tVn hiu truyn $i v'i tPc $5 -it nhA nh=t, $5 r5ng -Jng tn nhA nh=t v 4%ch $,n gi.n. ay m`u tTn hiJu 'iM2o ^# cho vic l=y 4*u ;hng gay 4co, ta ph.i chn tn 9P l=y 4*u tho. 4@n cng thc fach8nhicop r9a s Gr4a_ Zr4a_ t u,u0Fv $Pi v'i h RST] ngha l r9a s II0Fv. Nr)Wng hBp r9a w Gr4a_ 9q _.y ra hin th)Bng chgng phQ l4 _u=t hin c"c thnh phn ph Zalia9 co4pon8nt9] v _u=t hin 4co, vV d nh) hiu ng l)'i trn 4n h nh Zdo c"c tVn hiu v Vch nx4 trong -Jng tn vid8o], 4co 9)Wn _ung tVn hiu, l4 nhoy -in .nh Zdo hiu ng -c thang], c"c $i#4 9"ng tPi nh=p nh"y trn 4n h nh. NrX 9P r9a tPi )u 9q ;h"c nhau cho c"c tr)Wng hBpO tVn hiu chEi Ztr<ng $8n], tVn hiu 4u c, -.n Zn, p, l]. c"c tVn hiu 9P 4u, tVn hiu 6id8o 4u tQng hBp. CuPi ceng vic chn tn 9P l=y 4*u ph thu5c vo h thPng truyn h nh 4u. Nrong tr)Wng hBp l=y 4*u tVn hiu 6id8o 4u tQng hBp ph.i ch& + $3n tn 9P 9Eng 4ang ph r9c, ;hi chn r9a cE th# _u=t hin c"c tr)Wng hBp 9au $ayO z r9a g=p nhiu ln r9c, vV d r9a t {r9c hooc ir9c Zh RST, /NMC ch> deng 45t tn 9P r9c]. F MUCS0 deng hai 9Eng 4ang ph 4u nn ;hng deng $)Bc 45t tn 9P r9a cho c"c tVn hiu hiu 9P 4u. z r9a ;hng cE 7uan h trc ti3p v'i r9c. Nrong tr)Wng hBp ny ngoi c"c thnh phan tVn hiu cE Vch 9q _u=t hin c"c thnh phn tVn hiu
T8+9N, :) $;C C<N, N,$)*= $> N?) b M<N K@ T$ABT T8ACDN $EN$

GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun ph do lin hBp gi(a r9a v r9c hooc hi c:a r9c trong phQ tVn hiu l=y 4*u. ^oc -it thnh phn tVn hiu Zr9a k Gr9c] 9q gay 4co tVn hiu 6id8o Zt),ng t] $)Bc ;hi phc l%i gi l 4co $iu ch3 chco Zjnt8r4odulation]. 0co ny 9q ;hng _u=t hin trong tr)Wng hBp l=y 4*u v 4@ hEa ring tVn hiu chEi v c"c tVn hiu 9P 4u. Nrong tr)Wng hBp l=y 4*u tVn hiu 6id8o 4u tQng hBp cho h /NMC, RST th)Wng th ng)Wi ta chn -xng hi -c { tn 9P t.i 4u r9c O r9a t{r9c. r9aRST t I{,{ 0Fv | Gr4a_RST t G_utIK0Fv hooc G_u,utII0Fv. r9a/NMC t IK,} 0Fv | Gr4a_/NMC t G_i,Gt~,i0Fv. /3u chn r9at ir9c th cho ch=t l)Bng ;hi phc r=t tPt. Nuy nhin, nE 9q l4 tJng tPc $5 -it tVn hiu 9P z /3u tVn hiu truyn $i t\ng thnh phn ch=t l)Bng h nh .nh thu $)Bc $.4 -.o tPt h,n do .nh h)Yng c:a 9Eng 4ang ph ;hi l=y 4*u ;hng cE. z Nn 9P l=y 4*u c:a tVn hiu chEi r9ams Gr4a_m v -xng -5i 9P c:a tn 9P dDng. z Nn 9P l=y 4*u c"c tVn hiu 4u 9aZnkm]Zlkm] G4a_ Znkm] Zlkm] v -xng -5i 9P c:a tn 9P dDng. f3t hBp $iu ny v'i thc t3 ng)Wi ta chnO 9amt I{,u 0Fv 9aZnkm]Zlkm]t 9ct H,}u0Fv cho c. G tiu chunO HGu uK v uGu HK. Nuy nhin, 9 la chn 9a th8o $Xnh l+ fach8nhicop th ch)a $: 4 ph.i thAa th4 c"c $iu ;in 9auO k Nn 9P 9a ph.i $gng -5 v'i tn 9P 7uct dDng F. k Nn 9P 9a ph.i $gng -5 v'i tn 9P 7uct 4nh 6. k Nn 9P 9a ph.i $gng -5 v'i tn 9P .nh R, Rt G6. _X a/cng tL ha tTn hiJu 'iM2o: u" tr nh l)Bng t` hEa tVn hiu rWi r%c Z9au ;hi l=y 4*u] -ao gg4 vic chia -in $5 thnh nhiu 4c Znhiu ;ho.ng] v 9<p _3p 4di trX c:a 4*u -xng 45t 4c. C"c ;ho.ng chia Z;ho.ng l)Bng t`] cE th# $u nhau v c!ng cE th# ;hng $u nhau v ta gi l l)Bng t` tuy3n tVnh v l)Bng t` phi tuy3n. Nrong 7u" tr nh l)Bng t` hEa -in $5 c:a c"c 4*u nx4 trong ceng 45t ;ho.ng l)Bng t` Z] 9q cE -in $5 -xng nhau, -in $5 ny cE th# l nx4 -c trn hay nx4 -c d)'i c:a 4c l)Bng t`. 0di -c t),ng ng v'i 45t 4@ 9P nh=t $Xnh. /3u ta l4 trDn v'i -c trn c:a thang l)Bng t` th gi l l)Bng t` hEa trn -c. /3u l4 trDn v'i -c d)'i th gi l l)Bng t` hEa d)'i -c. Fai ph),ng ph"p ny gi chung l l)Bng t` hEa cE thang n`a -c. /3u l4 trDn v'i 4c Y gi(a ;ho.ng l)Bng t` th gi l l)Bng t` hEa cE thang n`a -c. To%i cE thang n`a -c cho $5 chVnh _"c cao h,n Z9ai 9P l)Bng t` nhA h,n] 9o v'i l)Bng t` hEa ;hng cE thang n`a -c.
T8+9N, :) $;C C<N, N,$)*= $> N?) d M<N K@ T$ABT T8ACDN $EN$

GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun Nuy nhin nE cE nh)Bc $i#4 l nhi[u ;nh trPng. bX Me ha tTn hiJu 'iM2o 0@ hEa tVn hiu 6id8o l -i3n $Qi tVn hiu $@ l)Bng t` hEa thnh tVn hiu 9P -xng c"ch 9<p _3p 9P nhX phan cho c"c 4c l)Bng t` hEa v "nh _% c:a c"c 4c ny thnh tVn hiu cE G 4c logic 1K2 v 1I2. Nh8o l+ thuy3t v thc nghi4 ta cE th# deng 4@ ~ -it Ztc G~t GuH 4c l)Bng t`] $# 4@ hEa tVn hiu 6id8o. /3u 9P -it tJng $5 chVnh _"c c:a -5 chuy#n $Qi tJng nh)ng tPc $5 -it tJng $Di hAi ;nh truyn r5ng $gng thWi $"p ng c:a -5 chuy#n $Qi th=p. C"c 4@ 9` dng trong truyn h nh 9P cE th# $)Bc chia thnh i nhE4 nh) 9auO z C"c 4@ $# 4@ ho" tVn hiu truyn h nh z C"c 4@ $# truyn cE hiu 7u. cao th8o ;nh thng tin z C"c 4@ thun tin cho vic gi.i 4@ v $gng -5 Y -n thu z C"c 4@ $# _` l+ 9P tVn hiu trong c"c -5 phn ;h"c nhau c:a h thPng truyn h nh 9P 0@ 9, c=p $# t%o tVn hiu 9P Y trung ta4 truyn h nh, cE d%ng tVn hiu nhX phan lin tc, c"c -it K v I cE th# $)Bc -i#u di[n -xng c"c ph),ng ph"p ;h"c nhau, $)Bc phan -it -xng thWi gian tgn t%i, cc tVnh, 4c pha chng h%n /n, n, lipha98 Zhai pha] 0@ 9, c=p l 4@ c, 9Y $# h nh thnh 4@ -.o v. 0@ -.o v deng $# tJng c)Wng ;h. nJng chXu $ng nhi[u cho tVn hiu truyn trong ;nh thng tin. Nn 9P l=y 4*u c:a c:a tVn hiu 6id8o 4u tQng hBp l I{,u0Fv. 6'i 4@ hEa ring t\ng thnh phn tVn hiu chEi cE tn 9P l=y 4*u l I{,u0Fv v c"c tVn hiu 4u cE tn 9P l=y 4*u l H,}u0Fv pi C l tPc $5 -it $,n vX l -9. Na cEO C t 9a.4 6y C6jC tQnghBp t I{,u.~ t IK~ 0-9 CNRC t I{,u.~ t IK~ 0- 9 ZNRCO thnh phn c"c tVn hiu chEi] CNR0 t H,}u.~t ui 0- 9 ZNR0O thnh phn c"c tVn hiu 4u] Ct ZIK~ z G.ui] t GIH0- 9 ^5 r5ng -Jng tn c:a ;nh truyn ph.i lO {C i6jC tQng hBp IK~.{ it ~I0Fv c"c thtp GIH.{i t IHG 0Fv ZthtpO tVn hiu thnh phn] Na th=y -Jng tn c:a ;nh truyn r=t l'n 9o v'i ;nh truyn c:a tVn hiu t),ng t ZH,u0Fv]. 0uPn truyn $i _a $Pi v'i tVn hiu truyn h nh 9P ng)Wi ta ph.i gi.4 tPc $5 -it. dX ,i5m tHc Pf \it t"ong t"uy#n h%nh /3u 9` dng dng RC0 tuy3n tVnh $# -i3n $Qi 9P tVn hiu 6id8o t),ng t th tPc $5 -it 9q tJng r=t cao v do $E thi3t -X 6id8o 9P c!ng nh) thi3t -X truyn d*n 9P cn ph.i cE d.i thng r=t l'n 9o v'i tr),ng hBp tVn
T8+9N, :) $;C C<N, N,$)*= $> N?) g M<N K@ T$ABT T8ACDN $EN$

GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun hiu 6id8o t),ng t. Nrong truyn h nh 9P ng)Wi ta th)Wng l=y t l tn 9P l=y 4*u tVn hiu chEi v tn 9P l=y 4*u tVn hiu c"c tVn hiu 9P 4u $# $"nh gi" ch=t l)Bng h nh .nh. 9m O 9cOnkm O 9cOlkm iOiOich=t l)Bng cao nh=t iOGOGch=t l)Bng cao iIOIch=t l),ng trung - nh GOIOI Zdeng cho tho%i truyn h nh] 6ic gi.4 tPc $5 -it da vo c"c y3u tP 9au z /gugn tVn hiu 6id8o $)Bc _84 nh) ngugn cE nh'. C"c thng tin $)Bc truyn trn G dDng ; nhau ch> ;h"c nhau r=t Vt v $)Bc _84 l giPng nhau. /E c!ng $&ng cho c. hai 4nh Zn`a .nh] v G .nh ; nhau. Fay nEi c"ch ;h"c O 05t 9P thng tin nh=t $Xnh trong tVn hiu 6id8o cE th# $)Bc ;hi phc l%i Y $u thu 4 ;hng cn truyn $i nE. z Ca vo nh(ng $oc $i#4 9inh l+ c:a 4<t ng)Wi O $5 nh%y c:a 4<t, c"c $oc $i#4 v phQ c:a 4<t, ;h. nJng phan -it c:a 4<t, $5 l)u .nh c:a vng 4%c nn ;hng cn truyn $i ton -5 thng tin cha trong c"c dDng v c"c 4nh hooc c"c .nh lin tc, c"c tVn hiu ;hng truyn $i $E gi l tVn hiu d) th\a Zn8dundanc8d 6id8o Mignal] z ^# gi.4 tPc $5 -it truyn h nh 9P cDn thc hin chn 4@ thVch hBp cE th#thc hin th8o c"c nhE4 9auO z CRC0O RC0 phi tuy3n, RC0 cE d -"o, RC0 vi 9ai. z 0@ chuy#n vX Zchuy#n $Qi]. z 0@ n5i 9uy v ngo%i 9uy. Nrong $EO RC0 $Di hAi tPc $5 -it cao. CRC0 9` dng $oc tr)ng thPng ; .nh v tVn hiu 6id8o v c!ng nh) $oc $i#4 c:a 4<t ng)Wi cho phcp l4 gi.4 tPc $5 -it nn trong truyn h nh 9P ng)Wi ta th)Wng deng ph),ng ph"p $iu ch3 _ung 4@ vi 9ai h,n c.. gX YH ha tTn hiJu [ YtuMio aX Y6 PZ &hHi cUa &Vnh h%nh cUa T"ung t4m t"uy#n h%nh Ca48ra N8l8cin8 truyn NQng hBp .nh
T8+9N, :) $;C C<N, N,$)*= li3n $Qi $> N?) 6Nn h

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun

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GVHD:V VIT HNG LP:CT1-K9

Nhm svth: Nguyn Thnh Quyt Khc Khoan Mai Cng Thun
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GVHD:V VIT HNG K9

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GVHD:V VIT HNG K9

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