India Tourisum Project

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH
A Project Report on A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH
SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BANGALORE-85
Under the guidance and supervision of

Mrs. SRILATHA Su !itted to the SIDVIN Schoo" of Business # $nstitute of %echno"og& in partia" fu"fi""!ent of the re'uire!ent of Second Se!ester for the a(ard of)
Post Grad at! Pro"ra##! $% Ma%a"!#!%t

S &#$tt!d B'
PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI )UNE *++,

S$*+$N S,-OOL O. BUS$NESS # $NS%$%U%E O. %E,-NOLOG/ BANGALORE-./
SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

BONA.$*E ,ER%$.$,A%E
SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BANGALORE-85
This is to certify that the project work entitled
A S%U*/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RA*ES-)

Carried out by PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI has been completed and submitted in partial fulfillment for award of 1ost Graduate 1rogra!!e in 0anage!ent of S$*+$N Schoo" of Business # $nstitute of %echno"og& during the academic year 20082010. This project has not been submitted to any other uni ersity for the award of any !egree or !iploma. !ate ,eg. *o. " #$rof. %. &'()% &*&*!+ "-208./--/ #!0,1CT),+
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled
A S%U*/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RA*ES-)

Carried out by PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI (as been completed and submitted under my guidance in partial fulfillment for award of 1ost Graduate 1rogra!!e in 0anage!ent of the S$*+$N Schoo" of Business # $nstitute of %echno"og& during the academic 2ear 2008-2010.
This project has not been submitted to any other uni ersity for the award of any !egree or !iploma. !ate ,eg. *o. " #3rs. ',04&T(&+ "-208./--/ #5&C64T2+
DECLARATION
0 declare that this project titled A STUDY ON TURISUM IN UTTAR
PRADESH completed in the academic year 2008-2010 is my own and 0

ha e not copied the project from any source. This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of for award of 1ost of Graduate Business 1rogra!!e # $nstitute in of
0anage!ent
S$*+$N
Schoo"
%echno"og&. This project has not been submitted to any other 6ni ersity for the award of any !egree or !iploma.
!ate" PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI $lace"
AC(NO0LEDGEMENT
I 1o 2d3 4$rst & 4or!#ost3 2$5! to t6a%5 God A2#$"6t' 4or 6$s 7!r7!8t a2 &2!ss$%"s a%d " $da%8! t6ro "6o t t6$s 7ro9!8t. $ a! e2tre!e"& gratefu" to 0r3 Asho4 Anand 5 *irector of Sidvin 5 for his cooperation # support3 $ a! ver& !uch than4fu" to !& facu"t& guide 0rs3 SR$LA%-A 5 for her encourage!ent # guidance throughout this pro6ect (or43 $ a! high"& than4fu" and e2press !& gratitude to !& friend S-7E%-A + B for providing !e a good (or4ing environ!ent and a"so va"ua "e guidance at ever& stage of !& pro6ect (or43 Last ut not the "east5 $ than4 !& parents # 7e"" (ishers for their encourage!ent and support (ithout (hich this pro6ect report (ou"d not have !ateria"i8ed3
0$t6 s$%8!r! r!"ards3 7$,&%&'( %63&, ,&08 #2008-2010+
C)*T1*T'
Chapter *o.
C6a7t!r - :

Topic *ame
$age *o
<
I%trod 8t$o%
D!4$%$t$o% Do#!st$8 a%d $%t!r%at$o%a2 To r$s# 0or2d To r$s# Most ;$s$t!d Attra8t$o% H$stor' Gro1t6 Lat!st Tr!%ds To r$s# I% I%d$a H$stor$8 Mo% #!%ts
C6a7t!r - *
Uttar Prad!s6
I%trod 8t$o% H$stor' E8o%o#' To r$s# & Hos7$ta2$t'
/+
C6a7t!r - = C6a7t!r - ?
Co%82 s$o% B$&2$o"ra76'
>* >>
C6a7t!r @ :
I%trod 8t$o%
To r$s# is tra el for recreational9 leisure or business purposes. The :orld Tourism )rgani;ation defines tourists as people who <tra el to and stay in places outside their usual en ironment for more than twenty-four #2=+ hours and not more than one consecuti e year for leisure9 business and other purposes not related to the e>ercise of an acti ity remunerated from within the place isited<. Tourism has become a popular global leisure acti ity. 0n 200.9 there were o er ?0/ million international tourist arri als9 with a growth of @.@A as compared to 200@. 0nternational tourist receipts were 6'! 8-@ billion in 200.. !espite the uncertainties in the global economy9 international tourist arri als during the first four months of 2008 followed a similar growth trend than the same period in 200.. (owe er9 as a result of the economic crisis of 20089 international tra el demand suffered a strong slowdown beginning in Bune 20089 with growth in international tourism arri als worldwide falling to 2A during the boreal summer months9 while growth from Banuary to &pril 2008 had reached an a erage -..A compared to its 200. le el. Crowth from 200@ to 200. was only /..A9 as total international tourism arri als from Banuary to &ugust were @=1 million tourists9 up from @18 million in the same period in 200.. Tourism is ital for many countries9 such as the 6.&.19 1gypt9 Creece
and Thailand9 and many island nations9 such as The Dahamas9 5iji9 3aldi es and the 'eychelles9 due to the large intake of money for businesses with their goods and ser ices and the opportunity for employment in the ser ice industries associated with tourism. These

ser ice industries include transportation ser ices9 such as airlines9 cruise ships and ta>is9 hospitality ser ices9 such as accommodations9 including hotels and resorts9 and entertainment amusement parks9 casinos9 shopping malls9 the theatre. enues9 such as enues and arious music
D!4$%$t$o%
(un;iker and %rapf9 in 1?=19 defined tourism as people who tra el <The sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the tra el and stay of non-residents9 insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning acti ity8 0n 1?.@9 the Tourism 'ociety of 1nglandEs definition was" <Tourism is the temporary9 shortterm mo ement of people to destination outside the places where they normally li e and work and their acti ities during the stay at each destination. 0t includes mo ements for all purposes.< 0n 1?819 the 0nternational &ssociation of 'cientific 1>perts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular acti ities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home. The 6nited *ations classified three forms of tourism in 1??=9 in its <,ecommendations on Tourism 'tatistics" !omestic tourism<9 which in ol es residents of the gi en country tra eling only within this countryF 0nbound tourism9 in ol ing non-residents tra eling in the gi en countryF and )utbound tourism9 in ol ing residents tra eling in another country. The 6* also deri ed different categories of tourism by combining the three basic forms of tourism" 0nternal tourism9 which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourismF *ational tourism9 which comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourismF and 0nternational tourism9 which consists of inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Intrabound tourism is a term coined by the %orea Tourism )rgani;ation and widely

accepted in %orea. 0ntrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in that the former encompasses policymaking and implementation of national tourism policies. ,ecently9 the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism9 because many countries are e>periencing tough competition for inbound tourists. 'ome national policymakers ha e shifted their priority to the promotion of intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. 1>amples of such campaigns include" <'ee &merica< in the 6nited 'tatesF <Truly &sia< in 3alaysiaF <Cet Coing Canada< in CanadaF <$eru. 4i e the 4egend< in $eruF <:ow $hilippines< in the $hilippinesF <6niGuely 'ingapore< in 'ingaporeF <100A $ure *ew Healand< in *ew HealandF <&ma;ing Thailand< in ThailandF <0ncredible 0ndia< in 0ndiaF and <The (idden Charm< in Iietnam
Do#!st$8 a%d I%t!r%at$o%a2 To r$s#

6sually9 a distention is drawn between domestic or internal and foreign of international tourism. 0n domestic tourism people tra el outside their normal domicile to other areas within the country. Darriers like language9 currency and documentation are not in the domestic tourism. Dut in 0ndia9 since difference estates ha e different languages9 ones own language may not ser e a medium of communication. !omestic tourism has no balance of payment implications. :hen people tra el to a country other that which they normally li e in is known as international tourism9 the distinction between domestic and international tourism is now diminishing. The reasons being"
10

4anguage barriers are reduced by impro ing language skills Currency and customs unions are de eloping in many 1uropean countries. :ith globali;ation the free mo ement of people is growing.
Considering the greater multiplier effect in domestic tourism9 domestic tourism would ha e recei ed greater emphasis in 0ndia. ,eliable data on the growth of domestic tourists traffic are not a ailable as not e>tensi e sur ey has been conducted on a national le el by any agency9 go ernment or otherwise not gi en the numerous festi als celebrated throughout out the year9 the innumerable touristEs centers in the country9 the geographical e>pands and the resource constraints9 estimates of documents touristsE traffic through an e>ecuti e sur ey is considered impossible. !omestic tourism if considered separate from the tra el for religious and commercial purpose. 0t is a post-independence
phenomenon. 0ndustrial growth9 impro ement in the standard of li ing9 rise in disposable income and most importantly the impro ement of tourist infrastructure search as hotels9 air9 train and road transport has contributed to the impressi e growth in tourist traffic. The definition of a domestic tourist is a person who tra els within the country to a place of residence and stays at hotels or other accommodations establishments run on commercial basis or in
11

dharmashalas9 sarais9 chaultries etc. for duration of not less than 2= hours. The factors that go ern the magnitude of domestic tourist traffic are the religious and cultural importance of a place. The e>tent of manufacturing9 business and trading acti ity9 the climatic conditions9 the infrastructure facilities a ailable and the geographical location etc. the current rough estimate of domestic tourism in 0ndia is ten million a year.
7or"d touris! statistics and ran4ings Most ;$s$t!d 8o %tr$!s

The :orld Tourism )rgani;ation reports the following ten countries as the most isited in 200. by number of international tra elers. :hen compared to 200@9 6kraine entered the top ten list9 surpassing ,ussia9 &ustria and 3e>ico. 3ost of the top isited countries continue to be on the 1uropean continent.
UN0TO Ra%5 Co %tr' R!"$o%a2 Mar5!t
I%t!r%at$o%a2 I%t!r%at$o%a2 to r$st arr$;a2s A*++<B 81.? million -?.2 million to r$st arr$;a2s A*++>B .?.1 million -8.- million
1 2
5rance 'pain
1urope 1urope
12
6nited 'tates China 0taly 6nited %ingdom Cermany 6kraine Turkey 3e>ico
*orth &merica -@.0 million
-1.1 million
= -
&sia 1urope
-=.. million =/.. million
=?.@ million =1.1 million
1urope
/0.. million
/0.. million
. 8 ? 10
1urope 1urope 1urope
2=.= million 2/.1 million 22.2 million
2/.@ million 18.? million 18.? million 21.= million
*orth &merica 21.= million
I%t!r%at$o%a2 to r$s# r!8!$7ts

0nternational tourist receipts were 6'! ?@.. billion in 200.9 up from 6'! 8-.. billion in 200@. :hen the e>port alue of international passenger tra el receipts is accounted for9 total receipts in 200. reached a record of 6'! 1.02 trillion or / billion a day. The :orld Tourism )rgani;ation reports the following countries as the top ten tourism earners for the year 200.. 0t is noticeable that most of them are on the 1uropean continent9 but the 6nited 'tates continues to be the top earner.
13

I%t!r%at$o%a2 I%t!r%at$o%a2 To r$s# R!8!$7ts A*++<B To r$s# R!8!$7ts A*++>B J8-.. billion J-1.1 billion J=@./ billion J/8.1 billion J//9? billion J//.. billion J/2.8 billion J1..8 billion J1@.@ billion J1@.? billion
1 2 / = @ . 8 ? 10
6nited 'tates 'pain 5rance 0taly China
*orth &merica J?@.. billion 1urope 1urope 1urope &sia J-..8 billion J-=.2 billion J=2.. billion J=1.? billion J/..@ billion J/@.0 billion J22.2 billion J18.? billion J18.- billion
6nited %ingdom 1urope Cermany &ustralia &ustria Turkey 1urope )ceania 1urope 1urope
I%t!r%at$o%a2 to r$s# to7 s7!%d!rs

The :orld Tourism )rgani;ation reports the following countries as the top ten biggest spenders on international tourism for the year 200.. 5or the fifth year in a row9 Cerman tourists continue as the top spenders. &
14

study by !resdner Dank forecasts that for 20089 Cermans and 1uropeans9 in general9 will continue to be the top spenders9 because of the strength of the 1uro against the 6nited 'tates dollar9 with strong demand for the 6.'. in fa or of other destinations.
I%t!r%at$o%a2 I%t!r%at$o%a2 To r$s# A*++<B J82.? billion To r$s# A*++>B J./.? billion J.2.1 billion J@/.1 billion J/1.2 billion J2=./ billion J2/.1 billion J2@.? billion J20.- billion J18.2 billion J18.? billion EC7!%d$t r!s EC7!%d$t r!s
1 2 / = @ . 8 ? 10
Cermany 6nited 'tates
1urope
*orth &merica J.@.2 billion J.2./ billion J/@.. billion J2?.8 billion J2../ billion J2@.- billion
6nited %ingdom 1urope 5rance China 0taly Bapan Canada ,ussia 'outh %orea 1urope &sia 1urope &sia
*orth &merica J2=.8 billion 1urope &sia J22./ billion J20.? billion
15
Most ;$s$t!d attra8t$o%s

Forbes Traveller released a ranking of the worldEs -0 most isited tourist attractions in 200.9 including both international and domestic tourists. The following are the Top 10 attractions9 followed by some other famous sites included within the list of the -0 most isited. 0t is noticeable that four out of the top fi e are in *orth &merica.
Most ;$s$t!d attra8t$o%s &' do#!st$8 a%d $%t!r%at$o%a2 to r$sts $% *++< to7 :+ ra%5$%" to r$st attra8t$o%s
*umber :orldEs ranking Tourist attraction 4ocation Country of isitors #millions+
Times 'Guare
*ew 2ork City
6nited 'tates
/-
*ational 3all and :ashington9
6nited
2-
16
3emorial $arks
!.C.
'tates
3agic %ingdom
4ake
Duena
6nited 'tates
Iista9 )rlando
1@.@
Trafalgar 'Guare
4ondon
6nited %ingdom
1-
!isneyland
&naheim9 California
6nited 'tates
1=..
*iagara 5alls
)ntario K *ew 2ork
Canada 6nited 'tates
K 1=
5ishermanEs :harf 'an K Colden Cate
5rancisco9
6nited 'tates
California
1/
Tokyo
!isneyland
K Tokyo !isney'ea
6rayasu
Bapan
12.?
*otre $aris
!ame
de
$aris
5rance
12
10
!isneyland $aris
$aris
5rance
10.@
Ot6!r s!2!8t!d 4a#o s d!st$%at$o%s
11
Creat
:all
of Dadaling
China
10
17
China
1-
4ou re
$aris
5rance
..-
18
1iffel Tower
$aris
5rance
@..
2=
(ong !isneyland
%ong
(ong %ong
China
-.2
28
6ni ersal 'tudios
4os &ngeles
6nited 'tates
=..
/1
Crand Canyon
&ri;ona
6nited 'tates
=.=
/@
'tatue of 4iberty
*ew 2ork City
6nited 'tates
=.2=
/.
Iatican City
Iatican City
Iatican City =.2
/8
'ydney (ouse
)pera
'ydney
&ustralia
/?
The Colosseum
,ome
0taly
=2
1mpire Duilding
'tate
*ew 2ork City
6nited 'tates
==
4ondon 1ye
4ondon
6nited
/.18
%ingdom
=.
Ci;a $yramids
Cairo
1gypt
-0
Taj 3ahal
&gra
0ndia
2.=
Most ;$s$t!d 8$t$!s

1uro monitor released a ranking of the worldEs 1-0 most isited cities by international tourists in 200.. The following are the leading 1- cities9 according to 1uro monitorLs ranking" (owe er9 other sources report $aris as the most isited city in the world with /0 million isitors.
-istor&
:ealthy people ha e always tra eled to distant parts of the world9 to see great buildings9 works of art9 learn new languages9 and e>perience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. 4ong ago9 at the time of the ,oman ,epublic9 places such as Daiae9 were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 18=0. 0n 1?/@9 the 4eague of *ations defined foreign tourist as <someone tra elling abroad for at least twenty-four hours<. 0ts successor9 the 6nited *ations9 amended this definition in 1?=-9 by including a ma>imum stay of si> months.
L!$s r! tra;!2
4eisure tra el was associated with the 0ndustrial ,e olution in the 6nited %ingdom M the first 1uropean country to promote leisure time to the
19

increasing industrial population. 0nitially9 this applied to the owners of the machinery of production9 the economic oligarchy9 the factory owners and the traders. These comprised the new middle class. Co> K %ings was the first official tra el company to be formed in 1.-8. The Dritish origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names. 0n *ice9 5rance9 one of the first and best-established holiday resorts on the 5rench ,i iera9 the long esplanade along the seafront is known to this day as the Promenade des AnglaisF in many other historic resorts in continental 1urope9 old9 well-established palace hotels ha e names like the Hotel Bristol9 the Hotel Carlton or the Hotel Majestic M reflecting the dominance of 1nglish customers. 3any leisure-oriented tourists tra el to the tropics9 both in the summer and winter. $laces often 'tates. isited are" Cuba9 the !ominican ,epublic9 Thailand and *orth Nueensland in &ustralia and 5lorida in the 6nited
0$%t!r to r$s#
3ajor ski resorts are located in the arious 1uropean countries #e.g.
&ustria9 C;ech ,epublic9 5rance9 Cermany9 0taly9 *orway9 $oland9 'lo akia9 'pain9 'wit;erland+9 Canada9 the 6nited 'tates9 &ustralia9 *ew Healand9 Bapan9 %orea9 Chile and &rgentina.
Mass to r$s#
3ass tourism could only ha e de eloped with the impro ements in technology9 allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest9 so that greater numbers of people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time.
20

0n the 6nited 'tates9 the first great seaside resort9 in the 1uropean style9 was &tlantic City9 *ew Bersey and 4ong 0sland9 *ew 2ork. 0n continental 1urope9 early resorts included" )stend9 populari;ed by the people of DrusselsF Doulogne-sur-3er #$as-de-Calais+ and !eau ille #Cal ados+ for the $arisiansF and (eiligendamm9 founded in 1.?.9 as the first seaside resort at the Daltic 'ea.
Ad9!8t$;a2 to r$s#s
&djecti al tourism refers to the numerous niche or specialty tra el forms of tourism that ha e emerged o er the years9 each with its own adjecti e. 3any of these ha e come into common use by the tourism industry and academics. )thers are emerging concepts that may or may not gain popular usage. 1>amples of the more common niche tourism markets include" 1. Culinary tourism 2. !ark tourism /. !isaster tourism =. 1cotourism -. (eritage tourism @. 4CDT tourism .. 3edical tourism 8. *autical tourism ?. 'e> tourism 10.'pace tourism 11.:ar tourism
21
A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH Recent deve"op!ents

There has been an upmarket trend in the tourism o er the last few decades9 especially in 1urope9 where international tra el for short breaks is common. Tourists ha e higher le els of disposable income and greater leisure time and they are also better-educated and ha e more sophisticated tastes. There is now a demand for a better Guality products9 which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for beach acationsF people want more specialised ersions9 such as Club 18-/09 Guieter resorts9 family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels. The de elopments in technology and transport infrastructure9 such as jumbo jets9 low-cost airlines and more accessible airports ha e made many types of tourism more affordable. There ha e also been changes in lifestyle9 such as retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of tourism products. 'ome sites ha e now started to offer dynamic packaging9 in which an inclusi e price is Guoted for a tailor-made package reGuested by the customer upon impulse. There ha e been a few setbacks in tourism9 such as the 'eptember 11 attacks and terrorist threats to tourist destinations9 such as in Dali and se eral 1uropean cities. &lso9 on !ecember 2@9 200=9 a tsunami9 caused by the 200= 0ndian )cean earthGuake9 hit the &sian countries on the 0ndian )cean9 including the 3aldi es. Thousands of li es were lost and many tourists died. This9 together with the ast clean-up operation in place9 has stopped or se erely hampered tourism to the area. The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. 0n this conte>t9 tra el has a similar definition to tourism9 but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used
22

pejorati ely9 to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations isited by tourists.
S sta$%a&2! to r$s#
<'ustainable tourism is en isaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic9 social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity9 essential ecological processes9 and biological di ersity and life support systems.< #:orld Tourism )rgani;ation+ 'ustainable de elopment implies <meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs< #:orld Commission on 1n ironment and !e elopment9 1?8.+
M!d$8a2 to r$s#
:hen there is a significant price difference between countries for a gi en medical procedure9 particularly in 'outheast &sia9 0ndia9 1astern 1urope and where there are different regulatory regimes9 in relation to particular medical procedures #e.g. dentistry+9 tra eling to take ad antage of the price or regulatory differences is often referred to as <medical tourism<.
Ed 8at$o%a2 to r$s#
1ducational tourism de eloped9 because of the growing popularity of teaching and learning of knowledge and the enhancing of technical competency outside of the classroom en ironment. 0n educational tourism9 the main focus of the tour or leisure acti ity includes isiting another country to learn about the culture9 such as in 'tudent 1>change $rograms and 'tudy Tours9 or to work and apply skills learned inside the
23

classroom in a different en ironment9 such as in the 0nternational $racticum Training $rogram.
Ot6!r d!;!2o7#!%ts Cr!at$;! to r$s#

Creati e tourism has e>isted as a form of cultural tourism9 since the early beginnings of to r$s# itself. 0ts 1uropean roots date back to the time of the Crand Tour9 which saw the sons of aristocratic families tra eling for the purpose of mostly interacti e9 educational e>periences. 3ore recently9 creati e tourism has been gi en its own name by Crispin ,aymond and Creg ,ichards9 who as members of the &ssociation for Tourism and 4eisure 1ducation #&T4&'+9 ha e directed a number of projects for the 1uropean Commission9 including cultural and crafts tourism9 known as sustainable tourism. They ha e defined <creati e tourism< as tourism related to the acti e participation of tra elers in the culture of the host community9 through interacti e workshops and informal learning e>periences. 3eanwhile9 the concept of creati e tourism has been picked up by highprofile organi;ations such as 6*1'C)9 who through the Creati e Cities *etwork9 ha e endorsed creati e tourism as an engaged9 authentic e>perience that promotes an acti e understanding of the specific cultural features of a place. 3ore recently9 creati e tourism has gained popularity as a form of cultural tourism9 drawing on acti e participation by tra elers in the culture of the host communities they isit. 'e eral countries offer e>amples of this type of tourism de elopment9 including the 6nited %ingdom9 the Dahamas9 Bamaica9 'pain9 0taly and *ew Healand.
24
A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH Dar5 to r$s#

)ne emerging area of special interest tourism has been identified by 4ennon and 5oley #2000+ as <dark< tourism. This type of tourism in ol es isits to <dark< sites9 such as battlegrounds9 scenes of horrific crimes or acts of genocide9 for e>ample" concentration camps. !ark tourism poses se ere ethical and moral dilemmas" should these sites be a ailable for isitation and9 if so9 what should the nature of the publicity in ol ed be. !ark tourism remains a small niche market9 dri en by aried moti ations9 such as mourning9 remembrance9 macabre curiosity or e en entertainment. 0ts early origins are rooted in fairgrounds and medie al fairs.
Gro(th
The :orld Tourism )rgani;ation #:T)+ forecasts that international tourism will continue growing at the a erage annual rate of = A. Dy 2020 1urope will remain the most popular destination9 but its share will drop from @0A in 1??- to =@A. 4ong-haul will grow slightly faster than intraregional tra el and by 2020 its share will increase from 18A in 1??to 2=A. :ith the ad ent of e-commerce9 tourism products ha e become one of the most traded items on the internet. Tourism products and ser ices ha e been made a ailable through intermediaries9 although tourism pro iders #hotels9 airlines9 etc.+ can sell their ser ices directly. This has put pressure on intermediaries from both on-line and traditional shops. 0t has been suggested there is a strong correlation between Tourism e>penditure per capita and the degree to which countries play in the global conte>t. *ot only as a result of the important economic contribution of the tourism industry9 but also as an indicator of the SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 25

degree of confidence with which global citi;ens le erage the resources of the globe for the benefit of their local economies. This is why any projections of growth in tourism may ser e as an indication of the relati e influence that each country will e>ercise in the future. 'pace tourism is e>pected to <take off< in the first Guarter of the 21st century9 although compared with traditional destinations the number of tourists in orbit will remain low until technologies such as a space ele ator make space tra el cheap. Technological impro ement is likely to make possible air-ship hotels9 based either on solar-powered airplanes or large dirigibles. 6nderwater hotels9 such as (ydropolis9 e>pected to open in !ubai in 200?9 will be built. )n the ocean9 tourists will be welcomed by e er larger cruise ships and perhaps floating cities.
Lat!st tr!%ds
&s a result of the economic crisis of 20089 international arri als suffered a strong slowdown beginning in Bune 2008. Crowth from 200. to 2008 was only /..A during the first eight months of 2008. The &sian and $acific markets were affected and 1urope stagnated during the boreal summer months9 while the &mericas performed better9 reducing their e>pansion rate but keeping a @A growth from Banuary to &ugust 2008. )nly the 3iddle 1ast continued its rapid growth during the same period9 reaching a 1.A growth as compared to the same period in 200.. This slowdown on international tourism demand was also reflected in the air transport industry9 with a negati e growth in 'eptember 2008 and a /./A growth in passenger traffic through 'eptember. The hotel industry also reports a slowdown9 as room occupancy continues to decline. &s the global economic situation deteriorated dramatically during 'eptember and )ctober as a result of the global financial crisis9 growth of SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 26

international tourism is e>pected to slow e en further for the remaining of 20089 and this slowdown in demand growth is forecasted to continue into 200? as recession has already hit most of the top spender countries9 with long-haul tra el e>pected to be the most affected by the economic crisis. (owe er9 some tra el destinations ha e e>perienced growth during hard economic times9 drawing on low costs of li ing9 accessibility9 and friendly immigration laws permitting tourists to stay for e>tended periods of time. ,ecession tourism9 a phrase coined by 3att 4andau in his research about $anama9 has e ol ed as an alternati e escape option for ner ous crisis-goers in 200?.
Negative i!pacts
Tourism is the issue that nearly e ery city faces. 0t is worldwide and a threat to beaches9 famous landmarks9 holy areas and also resorts. &ttracting a high olume of tourists can ha e negati e impacts9 such as the impact of // million tourists a year on the city of *ew 2ork9 or the potential to impact fragile en ironments negati ely9 or the impact of the !ecember 2@9 200= tsunami on the tourists themsel es. The en ironment can be affected negati ely by cruise ship pollution in many ways9 including ballast water discharge9 and by pollution from aircraft
To r$s# $% I%d$a
0ndia attracted about = million foreign tourists in 200@ that spent 6'J8.? billion. The tourism industry in 0ndia generated about 6'J100 billion in 2008 and that is e>pected to increase to 6'J2.-.- billion by 2018 at a ?.=A annual growth rate. The 3inistry of Tourism is the nodal agency for the de elopment and promotion of Tourism in 0ndia. 0t maintains the Incredible India campaign.
27

&ccording to World Travel and Tourism Council9 0ndia will be the worldEs leading tourism hotspot9 ha ing the highest 10-year growth potential. The Travel and security. Tourism Competitiveness Report !""# ranked tourism in 0ndia @th in terms of price competiti eness and /?th in terms of safety
(owe er9 0ndiaEs tourism sector currently lags behind less endowed countries and faces serious challenges including shortage of hotel rooms. 0n 200.9 there were only 2-9000 tourist-class hotel rooms in the whole of 0ndia. &mong other factors hindering the growth of the tourism industry in 0ndia are stringent isa reGuirements and congested airports. !espite short- and medium-term setbacks9 tourism re enues are e>pected to surge by =2A from 200. to 201..
28
A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH Nature %ouris!

0ndia has geographical di ersity9 which resulted in tourism.

arieties of nature
:ater falls in :estern Chats including Bog falls #highest in india+. :estern Chats %erala backwaters (ill 'tations :ildlife reser es
R ra2 To r$s# $% I%d$a

0ndia is a country of rich culture and heritage. :ith abo e .0A population residing in around @ million plus illages9 real 0ndia has its roots right inside this simplistic structure. ,ural Tourism in 0ndia takes you to a journey of not so known M the land and people which is the back bone of this country. 0t is a journey to e>plore di ersity and hospitality from nook and corners of 0ndia. ,ural tourism attempts to take you away to a dream land full of peace9 simplicity and innocence. Connect with nature9 unlearn lu>ury9 and spend time with people who support your life by pro iding the raw inputs for comple> city life needs. 5rom agriculture to sericulture9 they do it all. :hat you e>plore during these tours is a uniGue e>perience and an eye opener to the basics of a de eloping economy in the country. 2ou not only get to see rural life closely9 but also get a chance to connect and open a enues for rural 0ndia by interacting with people closely. 0ndia has a growing medical tourism sector. The 2010 Commonwealth Cames in !elhi are e>pected to significantly boost tourism in 0ndia.
Go;!r%#!%t I%$t$at$;!s
SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 29

&ccording to the Tourism 'ecretary9 3r 'ujit Danerjee9 the go ernment is offering attracti e packages to foreign tourists and has organised road shows in major markets such as the 6%9 Canada9 &ustralia9 'ingapore and 3alaysia.
The ministry is offering free air ticket for companion9 tra el to additional places and e>tended stay at hotels. *ow9 foreign medical tourists will be offered one additional treatment for free. &pollo9 3anipal9 3oolchand9 5ortis and :ockhardt among others ha e forwarded their proposals for the same.
The go ernment has also taken a number of steps to minimise the impact of the slowdown. This year has been designated as the OIisit 0ndiaL year. The ministry has increased financial support to tour operators for promoting 0ndia in international e>hibitions. To in ol e more operators9 the ministry has doubled the upper ceiling of foreign e>change earnings of applicant companies to 6'J =.0million under the market de elopment assistance scheme.
&ll issues including uniform state-le el ta> structure9 lu>ury ta> and free-mo ement of inter-state tourist ehicles are being ahead of the re iewed by the empowered committee of state finance ministers.
To
strengthen
the
0ndian
tourism
sector
Commonwealth Cames in 2010 and to double foreign tourist arri als from -./. million in 2008 to 10 million by 20109 the ministry is taking measures such as rationalising ta>es9 increased focus on infrastructure and easy isas.
I%d$aDs to r$s# r!;!% ! 7

Tourism has been an important segment of the 0ndian economy contributing substantially to its foreign e>change earnings. The foreign
30

e>change earnings during 200/ was ,s. 1.90=? a significant amount for country e>cheGuer. !uring first two months of 200= the amount was about ,s. /?12 crore9 an increase of 2?A o er the corresponding period of last year.
To r$s# &' stat!

A%d6ra Prad!s6
&ndhra $radesh has a rich cultural heritage and a ariety of tourist
attractions. The state of &ndhra $radesh comprises scenic hills9 forests9 beaches and temples. &ndhra $radesh is the home of many religious pilgrimage centers9 one of them being ETirupati9E the abode of 4ord Ienkateswara9 which is the richest and most isited (indu temple in 0ndia. (yderabad is known for its rich history9 culture and architecture representing its uniGue character as a meeting point for *orth and 'outh 0ndia9 and also its multilingual culture9 both geographically and culturally. &lso known as The City of *i;ams and The City of $earls9 (yderabad is today one of the most de eloped cities in the country and a modern hub of information technology9 0T1'9 and biotechnology. (yderabad offers many attractions to the tourists. 0t is famous for its delicious (yderabadi Diryani. 0t is 0ndiaEs second largest metropolitan. &ndhra $radesh is the home of many religious pilgrim centers. Tirupati9 the abode of 4ord Ienkateswara9 is the richest and most isited religious center #of any faith+ in the world. 'risailam9 the abode of 'ri 3allikarjuna9 is one of twel e Byothirlingalu in 0ndia9 &mara atiEs 'i a
31

temple is one of the $ancharamams9 and 2adagirigutta9 the abode of an a atara of Iishnu9 'ri 4akshmi *arasimha. The ,amappa temple and Thousand $illars temple in :arangal are famous for some fine temple car ings. The state has numerous Duddhist centers at &mara ati9 *agarjuna %onda9 Dhattiprolu9 Chantasala9 *elakondapalli9 !hulikatta9 Da ikonda9 Thotlakonda9 'halihundam9 $a uralakonda9 'ankaram9 $hanigiri and %olanpaka. The golden beaches at Iisakhapatnam9 the one-million-year old
limestone ca es at Dorra9 picturesGue &raku Ialley9 hill resorts of (orsley (ills9 ri er Coda ari racing through a narrow gorge at $api %ondalu9 waterfalls at 1ttipotala9 %untala and rich bio-di ersity at Talakona9 are some of the natural attractions of the state. %ailashagiri is situated adjacent to sea in Iisakhapatnam9 it is one of the beautiful sight which shows the entire beauty of Iisakhapatnam ha ing other side sea. & beautiful park is de eloped on the hill top of %ailashagiri9 the city boasts of ha ing a park on hill top that has a lu>urious toy train9 ropeway and beautiful iew of beach front into which 1astern Chats merge into the sea. 5urther9 Iisakhapatnam is home to many tourist attractions like 0*' %arasura 'ubmarine museum #The only one of its kind in 0ndia+9 the most beautiful and the longest Deach ,oad in 0ndia9 2arada Deach9 &raku Ialley #%nown as poormanEs )oty 9 a lot of mo ies are shooted here+9 I6!& $ark9 0ndira Candhi Hoological Cardens9etc. The weather in &ndhra $radesh is mostly tropical and the best time to isit is in *o ember through to Banuary. The monsoon season commences in Bune and ends in 'eptember9 so tra el would not be ad isable during this period.
P2a8!s to ;$s$tE
32
(yderabad" The capital of &$9 it is a melting pot of mar els. The places to
arious
cultures9 known for its historical monuments as well as modern isit are-Charminar9 3ecca 3asjid9 'alarjung 3useum9 (ussain 'agar9 4umbini $ark9 'now world9 ,amoji 5ilm city9 :ater world9 (itech city9 Colconda9 $aigah tombs9 5alaknuma palace.
Iisakhapatnam" 6ndoubtedly the most beautiful city on the east coast9 it boasts of natural and man-made beauties. 0t is fast emerging as the countryEs best tourist and party destination. The places to isit are- %ailashagiri9 ,.%.Deach9 ,ushikonda beach9 'imhachalam temple9 Ii;ag-Dhimili Deach ,oad9 Dojjannakonda9 Thatlakonda9 &ppikonda Deach9 2arada Deach9 Dhimili Deach9 Canga aram Deach9 Dorra Ca es9 &raku alley9 Tenneti Deach $ark9 ,oss hill church9 !olphinEs nose mountain9 'ubmarine 3useum9 &Guarium9 0ndira Candhi Hoological Cardens9 !uduma waterfalls and ,ed sand hills.
33
Tirupati"
0ndiaEs
most
famous
and
richest
temple.
4ord
Ienkateshwara temple9 Tirumala9 !eer 'anctuary9 (orsley (ills9 'ri %alahasti Temple9 4epakshi.
Iijayawada"
Commercial
hub
of
&$.
$laces
to
isit
are-
%anakadurga Temple9 Candhi hill9 $rakasham Darrage9 %rishna ,i er bank9 3angalagiri Temple.
Assa#
&ssam is the central state in the *orth-1ast ,egion of 0ndia and ser es as the gateway to the rest of the 'e en 'ister 'tates. &ssam boasts of famous wildlife preser es M the %a;iranga *ational $ark and the 3anas *ational $ark9 largest ri er island 3ajuli and tea-estates dating back to time of Dritish ,aj. The weather is mostly sub-tropical. &ssam e>periences the 0ndian monsoon and has one of the highest forest densities in 0ndia. The winter months #)ctober to &pril+ are the best time to isit.
34
0t has a rich cultural heritage going back to the &hom !ynasty which go erned the region for many centuries before the Dritish occupation. )ther notable features include the Drahmaputra ,i er9 the mystery of the bird suicides in Batinga9 numerous temples including %amakhya of Tantric sect9 ruins of palaces9 etc.
B$6ar
Dihar is one of the oldest inhabited places in the world with history of /000 years. The rich culture and heritage of Dihar is e ident from the innumerable ancient monuments that are dotted all o er the state in eastern 0ndia. Dihar is home of many tourist attractions. Dihar is isited by scores of tourists from all o er the :orld all the year round. &round total @90009000 #@ million+ tourist isits Dihar e ery year.
35

0n the earliest day9 tourism in region was purely based 1ducational tourism as Dihar was home of some prominent ancient uni ersities like *alanda 6ni ersity K IikramaPQla 6ni ersity Dihar one of the most sacred place of isit their pilgrimage. 3ahabodhi Temple9 a Duddhist shrine and 6*1'C) :orld (eritage 'ite is also situated in Dihar. 3ahatma Candhi 'etu9 $atna9 is one of the longest bridges in the world. arious religions like (induism9
Duddhism9 Bainism9 'ikhism K 0slam9 3any tourist tra el to Dihar to
D!26$
!elhi is the capital of 0ndia. & fine blend of old and new9 ancient and modern in e ery stream of life is the soul of !elhi. & melting pot of cultures9 religions and castes makes !elhi a di erse place. !elhi has been the capital of 0ndia from the mythological days. The rulers left behind their trade marks in the architecture. !elhi currently has many renowned monuments and landmarks such as the TughlaGabad fort and the Nutub 3inar9 the Bama 3asjid and the DahRES 4otus temple9 the (umayunEs tomb and the ,ed 5ort9 and 0ndia Cate and the 3agnificent $residentEs house #,ashtrapati Dha an+. !elhi is famous for its wide roads and crisp winters.
36
)ne of the few places in 0ndia where colours of nature changes with the seasons. 5rom %erala to %ashmir and from Cujarat to &ssam all the mouth watering delicacies and shopping goods are found in !elhi. The cosmopolitan nature of the city has only added to the beauty and glory of it. Dig gardens9 wide roads9 ancient structures9 and power of politics is what !elhi is all about. !elhi is popularly known for its monuments. 3ost of them which are built by the 3ughal 1mperors.
37
A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH Goa
The state of Coa is situated on the :est Coast of 0ndia9 between the borders of 3aharashtra and %arnataka and is better known to the world as the former $ortuguese encla e on 0ndian soil. :ith the rule of the $ortuguese for o er =-0 years and the conseGuential influence of the 4atin culture9 Coa presents a somewhat different picture to the foreign isitor than any other part of 0ndia. The state of Coa is famous for its e>cellent beaches9 churches9 and (indu temples. The Dom Besus cathedral9 3angueshi Temple and 'hantadurga are famous attractions in Coa. ,ecently a :a> 3useum #:a> :orld+ has also opened in )ld Coa housing a number of wa> personalities of 0ndian history9 culture and heritage.
H$#a86a2 Prad!s6
(ome to the some of the most popular (ill 'tations9 and home also to some e>Guisite alpine K Trans-(imalayan destinations9 the 0ndian state of (imachal $radesh is a major product in the 0ndian tourism market. (imachal is famous for its sweet apples.
38
&mong the major crowd pullers in (imachal $radesh are" 'himla9 the stateEs capital 3anali9 !haramshala9 !alhousie and %asauli.
)a##
a%d (as6#$r
Bammu is noted for its landscape9 ancient temples9 (indu shrines9 castles9 gardens and forts. (indu holy shrines of &marnath and Iaishno !e i attracts tens of thousands of (indu de otees e ery year. BammuEs natural landscape has made it one of the most popular destinations for ad enture tourism in south &sia. BammuEs historic monuments feature a uniGue blend of 0slamic and (indu architecture styles.
39

Tourism forms an integral part of the %ashmiri economy. )ften dubbed <$aradise on 1arth<9 %ashmirEs mountainous landscape has attracted tourists for centuries. *otable places are !al 4ake9 'rinagar $halagam9 Culmarg9 2eusmarg and 3ughal Cardens etc. (owe er9 the tourism industry is se erely affected by the insurgency. 0n recent years9 ladakh has emerged as a major hub for ad enture tourism. This part of Creater (imalaya interpreted as <moon on earth< comprising of naked peaks and deep gorges was once known for the silk route to (igh &sia with the sub continent.
Ta#$2 Nad
Tamil *adu or <the land of Tamil< is a beautiful state nestled in the southern 0ndian peninsula9 on the shores of the Day of Dengal and the deep blue 0ndian )cean. 3any great rulers including the Cholas9 $alla as9 $andyas and the Iijayanagara 1mpire ruled o er parts of Tamil *adu. The state is known for its cultural heritage and temple
40

architecture. Tamil literature is amongst the oldest in 0ndia. 3uch of the ancient culture of Tamil *adu is still ali e. :e ha e Carnatic music9 an 0ndian classical tradition. Dharatha *atyam is its twin dance form9 always accompanied by this music and the rich tradition of folk music continues to inspire people.
(ar%ata5a
%arnataka9 the eighth largest state in 0ndia9 is a eritable treasure tro e of tourist delights. Dy irtue of its aried geography and long and rich history9 %arnataka boasts of numerous spots of interest for tourists. %arnataka has been ranked as fourth most popular destination for tourism among states of 0ndia. :ith its -0. out of the /@00 centrally protected monuments9 %arnataka has the second highest number of protected monuments in 0ndia9 ne>t only to 6ttar $radesh. The %annada dynasties like %adamba9 Chalukya9 ,ashtrakuta9 Iijayanagara 1mpire9 (oysala9 Canga9 ,atta and many more they ruled %arnataka particularly *orth %arnataka and other parts of 0ndia. They built great monuments related to Duddhism9 Bainism9 and 'hai ism. The monuments are still present at Dadami9 &ihole9 $attadakal9 (ampi9 4akshmeshwar9 'udi9 (ooli9 3ahade a Temple #0tagi+9 !ambal9 4akkundi9 Cadag9 (angal9 (alasi9 Calaganatha9 Chaudayyadanapura9 Dana asi9 Delur9 (alebidu9 'hra anabelagola9 'annati and many more.
41

The great 0slamic monuments are present at Dijapur9 Didar9 Culbarga9 ,aichur and other part of the state. %arnataka is famous for its waterfalls. Bog falls of 'himoga !istrict is one of the highest waterfalls in &sia. This state has 21 wildlife sanctuaries and fi e *ational parks and is home to more than -00 species of birds. %arnataka is a rock climbers paradise. 2ana in 6ttara %annada9 5ort in Chitradurga9 ,amnagara near Dangalore district9 'hi agange in Tumkur district and tekal in %olar district are a rock climbers hea en. Col Cumba; at Dijapur has the second largest pre-modern dome in the world after the Dy;antine (agia 'ophia. %arnataka has two :orld heritage sites9 at (ampi and $attadakal9 both are in *orth %arnataka. %arnataka has many beaches at %arwar9 Cokarna9 3urdeshwara9 'urathkal and many more
(!ra2a
%erala is a state on the tropical 3alabar Coast of southwestern 0ndia. *icknamed as one of the <10 paradises of the world< by the *ational SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 42

Ceographic tra eller9 %erala is famous especially for its ecotourism initiati es. 0ts uniGue culture and traditions9 coupled with its aried demography9 has made it one of the most popular tourist destinations in 0ndia. Crowing at a rate of 1/./1A9 the tourism industry significantly contributes to the stateEs economy. The %erala Tourism !e elopment Corporation9 the go ernment agency that o ersees the tourism prospects of the state9 has adopted the brand <CodEs )wn Country< for its campaigns. The slogan holds global 'uperbrand status.Tcitation neededU %erala is gifted with =2 ri ers running as the life stream of the culture. This state has a ariety of land scapes which can attract the tourists such as coastal regions9backwaters9*ilgiri mountaing on one side9malabar highlands9and so on.
Mad6'a Prad!s6
3adhya $radesh is called the <Heart of India< only because of its location in the centre of the country. 0t has been home to the cultural heritage of (induism9 Duddhism9 'ikhism9 Bainism and 0slam. 0nnumerable monuments9 e>Guisitely car ed temples9 stupas9 forts and palaces are dotted all o er the 'tate. 3adhya $radesh is also known as Tiger 'tate because of tiger population in 3$ #3adhya $radesh+. 3any 5amous national parks like %anha9 Dantha gadh and $ench are located in 3$. The natural beauty of 3adhya $radesh is eGually aried. Consisting largely of a plateau9 the 'tate has e erything. 'pectacular mountain ranges9 meandering ri ers and miles and miles of dense forests offering a uniGue and e>citing panorama of wildlife in syl an surroundings.
43
A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH Ma6aras6tra
6nlike most other states in 0ndia9 3aharashtra boasts of a large number of popular and re ered religious enues that are hea ily freGuented by locals as well as out-of-state isitors. 0t also boasts of the City of 3umbai with its Dollywood fame9 ancient ca e temples at &janta and 1llora9 the Tuljabha ani temple at Tuljapur9 the 3ahalakshmi temple in %olhapur9 the city of $une the seat of the 3aratha empire9 the fantastic Canesh chaturthi celebrations and much more.
Or$ssa
)rissa has been a preferred destination from ancient days for people who ha e an interest in spirituality9 religion9 culture9 art and natural beauty. &ncient and medie al architecture9 pristine sea beaches9 the classical and ethnic dance forms and a ariety of festi als. )rissa has kept the religion of Duddhism ali e. ,ock-edicts that ha e challenged time stand huge and o er-powering by the banks of the ri er !aya. The torch of Duddhism is still abla;e in the sublime triangle at 6dayagiri and %handagiri Ca es9 on the banks of ri er Dirupa. $recious fragments of a glorious past come ali e in the shape of stupas9 rock-cut ca es9 rockedicts9 e>ca ated monasteries9 SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS iharas9 chaityas and sacred relics in 44

caskets and the ,ock-edicts of &shoka. )rissa is also famous for its wellpreser ed (indu Temples9 especially the %onark 'un Temple. )rissa is the home for arious tribal communities who ha e contributed uniGuely to the multicultural and multilingual character of the state. Their handicrafts9 different dance forms9 jungle products and their uniGue life style blended with their healing practices ha e got world wide attention. $unjab is one of 0ndiaEs most beautiful states. The state of $unjab is renowned for its cuisine9 culture and history. $unjab has a ast public transportation and communication network. 'ome of the main cities in $unjab are &mritsar9 Chandigarh9 and 4udhiana. $unjab also has a rich religious history incorporating 'ikhism and (induism. Tourism in $unjab is principally suited for the tourists interested in culture9 ancient ci ili;ation9 spirituality and epic history. 'ome of the illages in $unjab are also a must see for the person who wants to see the true $unjab9 with their beautiful traditional 0ndian homes9 farms and temples9 this is a must see for any isitor that goes to $unjab.
Ra9ast6a%
,ajasthan9 literally meaning <$and of t%e &ings<9 is one of the most attracti e tourist destinations in *orthern 0ndia. The ast sand dunes of the Thar !esert attract millions of tourists from around the globe e ery year.
S$55$#
)riginally known as 'uk-(eem9 which in the local language means <peaceful home<9 'ikkim was an independent kingdom till the year 1?.=9 when it became a part of the ,epublic )f 0ndia. The capital of 'ikkim is Cangtok9 located appro>imately 18- kilometers from *ew Balpaiguri9 the nearest railway station to 'ikkim. &lthough9 an airport is under SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 45

construction at !ekiling in 1ast 'ikkim9 the nearest airport to 'ikkim would be Dagdogra. 'ikkim is considered as the land of )rchids and mystic cultures and colorful traditions. 'ikkim is well known among trekkers and ad enture lo ers9 as :est 'ikkim has a lot to gi e them. $laces near 'ikkim include !arjeeling also known as the Nueen of hills and %alimpong. !arjeeling9 other than its world famous <!arjeeling tea< is also famous for its refined <$rep schools< founded during the Dritish ,aj. %alimpong is also famous for its 5lora culti ation and is home to many internationally known *urseries.
Uttara%86a2
6ttaranchal is the 2.th state of the ,epublic of 0ndia. Dlessed with magnificent glaciers9 majestic snow-clad mountains9 gigantic and ecstatic peaks9 alley of flowers9 skiing slopes and dense forests9 this
&bode of Cods includes many shrines and places of pilgrimage. C%ar' d%ams9 the four most sacred and re ered (indu temples" Dadrinath9 %edarnath9 the plains. & picturesGue state9 with a breathtaking panoramic iew of (imalayas9 6ttarakhand promises its tourists a isit full of fun and unforgettable moments. 0t contains the most fascinating and beautiful part of the (imalayas and pro ide watershed for Cangetic ,i er 'ystem spanning /00%m from 'atluj in the west to %ali ri er in the east. *anda !e i #2-@=0 5t+ is the second highest peak in 0ndia after %anchenjunga #281@0 5t+. !unagiri9 *eelkanth9 Chukhamba9 $anchachuli9 Trisul are other peaks abo e 2/000 5t. 0t is considered abode of +evtas, -a.as%*as9 &inners9 5airies and 'ages. They all are present here on Cangotri and 2amunotri are nestled in the 3ighty (imalayas. (aridwar which means (ate)a* to (od is the only place on
46

glittering peaks9 roaring ri ers9 beautiful hills slopes and alleys in one or another form. 0t boasts of some old hill-stations de eloped during Dritish era like 3ussoorie9 &lmora and *ainital.
Uttar Prad!s6
'ituated in the northern part of 0ndia9 6ttar $radesh is important with its wealth of monuments and religious fer our. Ceographically9 6ttar $radesh is ery di erse9 with (imalayan foothills in the e>treme north9 the Cangetic $lain in the centre9 and the Iindhya 3ountain ,ange towards the 'outh. 0t is also home of 0ndiaEs most isited site9 the Taj 3ahal9 and (induismEs holiest city9 Iaranasi. The most populous state of the 0ndian 6nion also has a rich cultural heritage9 and at the heart of *orth 0ndia9 6ttar $radesh has much to offer. $laces of interest include Iaranasi9 &gra9 3athura9 Bhansi9 $rayag9 'arnath9 &yodhya9 !udhwa *ational $ark and 5atehpur 'ikri.
0!st B!%"a2
%olkata9 one of the many cities in the state of :est Dengal has been nicknamed the City of $alaces. This comes from the numerous palatial mansions built all o er the city. 6nlike many north 0ndian cities9 whose construction stresses minimalism9 the layout of much of the architectural ariety in %olkata owes its origins to 1uropean styles and tastes imported by the Dritish and9 to a much lesser e>tent9 the $ortuguese and 5rench. The buildings were designed and inspired by the tastes of the 1nglish gentleman around and the aspiring Dengali Dabu #literally9 a nouveau ric%e Dengali who aspired to culti ation of 1nglish etiGuette9 manners and custom9 as such practices were fa ourable to monetary gains from the Dritish+. Today9 many of these structures are in SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 47

arious stages of decay. 'ome of the major buildings of this period are well maintained and se eral buildings ha e been declared as heritage structures.
H$stor$8 #o% #!%ts

T6! Ta9 Ma6a2 is one of 0ndiaEs best-known sites and one of the best architectural achie ements in 0ndia. 4ocated in &gra9 it was built between 1@/1 and 1@-/ by 1mperor 'hah Bahan in honor of his wife9 &rjumand Danu9 more popularly known as 3umta; 3ahal. The Taj 3ahal ser es as her tomb. T6! Go2d!% T!#72! is one of the most respected temples in 0ndia and the most sacred place for 'ikhs. The Colden Temple is located in &mritsar9 $unjab9 0ndia. T6! Ba6FDG t!#72! in !elhi9 was completed in 1?8@ and ser es as the 3other Temple of the 0ndian 'ubcontinent. 0t has won numerous architectural awards and been featured in hundreds of newspaper and maga;ine articles. #It is also .no)n as t%e Lotus %e!p"e.+ T6! V$8tor$a T!r#$% s in 3umbai was built by the Dritish and is a 6*1'C) :orld (eritage 'ite. T6! Ta9 Ma6a2 Pa2a8! is an icon of 3umbai.
0$2d2$4! $% I%d$a
0ndia is home to se eral well known large mammals including the &sian 1lephant9 Dengal Tiger9 &siatic 4ion9 4eopard and 0ndian ,hinoceros9 often engrained culturally and religiously often being associated with deities. )ther well known large 0ndian mammals include ungulates such as the domestic &sian :ater buffalo9 wild &sian :ater buffalo9 *ilgai9 SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 48

Caur and se eral species of deer and antelope. 'ome members of the dog family such as the 0ndian :olf9 Dengal 5o>9 Colden Backal and the !hole or :ild !ogs are also widely distributed. 0t is also home to the 'triped (yaena9 3acaGues9 4angurs and 3ongoose species. 0ndia also has a large ariety of protected wildlife. The countryEs protected wilderness consists of .- *ational parks of 0ndia and =21 'anctuaries9 of which 1? fall under the pur iew of $roject Tiger. 0ts climatic and geographic di ersity makes it the home of o er /-0 mammals and 1200 bird species9 many of which are uniGue to the subcontinent. 'ome well known national wildlife sanctuaries include Dharatpur9 Corbett9 %anha9 %a;iranga9 $eriyar9 ,anthambore and 'ariska. The worldEs largest mangro e forest 'undarbans is located in southern :est Dengal. The /undarbans is 6*1'C) :orld (eritage 'ite.
H$22 stat$o%s
3ain article" 4ist of 0ndian hill stations 'e eral hill stations ser ed as summer capitals of 0ndian pro inces9 princely states9 or9 in the case of 'himla9 of Dritish 0ndia itself. 'ince 0ndian 0ndependence9 the role of these hill stations as summer capitals has largely ended9 but many hill stations remain popular summer resorts. 3ost famous hill stations are"

&raku9 &ndhra $radesh Culmarg9 'rinagar and 4addakh in Bammu and %ashmir !arjeeling in :est Dengal 3unnar in %erala )oty and %odaikanal in Tamil *adu 'hillong in 3eghalaya 'himla9 %ullu in (imachal $radesh
49

*ainital in 6ttaranchal Cangtok in 'ikkim mussoorie in uttarkhand which is the Gueen amongst all of them
C6a7t!r @ *
50
Uttar Prad!s6
I%trod 8t$o%
Uttar Prad!s6 9 translation" 0ort%ern Province+9 Toften referred to as
U.P.U is a state located in the northern part of 0ndia. :ith a population of o er 1?0 million people9 it is 0ndiaEs most populous state9 as well as the worldEs most populous sub-national entity. :ith an area of ?/9?// sG mi #2=/928@ kmV+9 6ttar $radesh co ers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Cangetic plain. 0t shares an international border with *epal and is bounded by the states of 6ttarakhand9 (imachal $radesh9 (aryana9 !elhi9 ,ajasthan9 3adhya $radesh9 Chhattisgarh9 Bharkhand and Dihar. The administrati e and legislati e capital of 6ttar $radesh is 4ucknow and the financial and industrial capital is %anpur. The stateEs high court is based at &llahabad. 0t is home to many historical cities like &gra and Iaranasi. The area now known collGuially and officially as UP has undergone se eral different definitions and demarcations since the early 1?th century. 0n 18// the then Dengal $residency was di ided into two parts9 one of wihich became $residency of &gra. 0n 18/@ the &gra area was named *orth-:estern $ro inces and placed under a 4ieutenant Co ernor. 0n 18.. the two pro inces of &gra and )udh were placed under one administrator9 who was called 4ieutenant Co ernor of the *orth-:estern $ro inces and Chief Commissioner of )udh. 0n 1?02 the
51

name was changed to 6nited $ro inces of &gra and )udh with 4ieutenant Co ernor of the 6nited $ro inces of &gra and )udh as administrator9 in 1?21 4ieutenant Co ernorship was eli ated to Co ernorship when once again pro ince was renamed as 6nited $ro inces of Dritish 0ndia. 0n 1?/- the name was shortened to 6nited $ro inces. )n independence in 1?=.9 the staes of ,ampur9 Danares and Tehri-Carwal were merged into the 6nited $ro inces. 0n 1?-0 the name of 6nited $ro inces was changed to Uttar Prad!s6. 0n 1??? sperate state of 6ttaranchal#now 6ttarakhand+ was car ed out of 6ttar $radesh.
H$stor'
L!"!%d a%d a%8$!%t 7!r$ods
The known history of 6ttar $radesh goes back =000 years9 when the &ryans first made it their home in 2000 DC. This heralded the Iedic age of the 0ndian ci ili;ation and 6ttar $radesh was its home. The &ryans9 who settled in the !oab region and the Chagra plains9 called it with arious names" 3adhya !esha #midland+ or &rya arta #the &ryan land+ or Dharat arsha #the kingdom of Dharat9 an important &ryan king+. 0n the ages to come9 &ryans spread to other parts of the 0ndian subcontinent9 reaching as far south as %erala and 'ri 4anka. The ancient 3ahajanapada era kingdom of %osala in &yodhya - where9 according to (indu legend9 the di ine king ,ama of the ,amayana epic reigned - was located here. %rishna - another di ine king of (indu legend9 who plays a key role in the 3ahabharata epic and is re ered as the eighth reincarnation #& atara+ of (indu god Iishnu - was born in the city of 3athura. The aftermath of the 3ahabharata war is belie ed to ha e taken place in the area between the present 6ttar $radesh and !elhi9 during the reign of the $anda a king 2udhishtira9 in what was
52

%uru 3ahajanapada. The re ered 'waminarayan - mentioned in the Drahma $urana and Iishwaksena 'amhita as the manifestation of Cod was born in the illage of Chhapaiya. 3ost of the empire building in asions of *orth 0ndia9 from the east as well as the west9 passed through the ast swathe of Cangetic plains of what is today Uttar Prad!s6. Control o er this region was of ital importance to the power and stability of all of 0ndiaEs major empires9 including the 3auryan #/20-200 DC+9 %ushan #100-2-0 &!+ and Cupta #/-0-@00 &!+ empires. &fter the Cuptas9 the Canga-2amuna !oab saw the rise of %annauj. !uring the reign of (arsha ardhana9 the %annauj empire was at its ;enith" it co ered an area e>tending from &fghanistan and %ashmir in the west to Dengal in the east and up to the Iindhyas in the south9 with its capital at %annauj. 1 en today many communities in arious parts of 0ndiaU - from %ashmir9 ,ajasthan9 6ttarakhand9 Dihar to Dengal - boast of being descendants of migrants from %annauj9 reflecting its glory in the past.Tcitation neededU. The state is also important to Duddhism since its early days. The Chaukhandi 'tupa marks the spot where Duddha met his first disciples. The !hamek 'tupa in 'arnath commemorates DuddhaEs first sermon. &lso the town of %ushinagar is where Cautama Duddha died.
M!d$!;a2
Causing the fall of post-(arsha ardhana ,ajput kings of north 0ndia came the Turko-&fghan 3uslim rulers and what we call 6ttar $radesh today once again became the catalyst for things to comeF much of the state formed part of the arious 0ndo-0slamic empires #'ultanates+ after 1000 &! and was ruled from their capital9 !elhi. 4ater9 in 3ughal times9 6.$. became the heart-land of their ast empireF they called the place
53

E(industanE9 which is used to this day as the name for 0ndia in se eral languages. &gra and 5atehpur 'ikri were the capital cities of &kbar9 the great 3ughal 1mperor of 0ndia. &t their ;enith9 the 3ughal empire co ered almost times the from entire !elhi9 0ndian &gra subcontinent &llahabad. #including Dut9 when present the day &fghanistan9 $akistan and Dangladesh+9 which was ruled at different and empire disintegrated9 their last territory remained confined to the !oab region of (industan and !elhi. )ther areas of (industan #6.$.+ were now ruled by different rulers" )udh was ruled by the *awabs of )udh9 ,ohilkhand by &fghans9 Dundelkhand by the 3arathas and Denaras by its own king9 while *epal controlled %umaon-Carhwal as a part of Creater *epal. The stateEs capital city of 4ucknow was established by the 3uslim *awabs of )udh in the 18th century.
Mod!r%-8o2o%$a2
'tarting from Dengal in the later half of the 18th century9 a series of battles for *orth 0ndian lands finally ga e the Dritish 1ast 0ndia Company accession o er this stateEs territories9 including the last 3ughal territory of !oab and !elhi9 also Dundelkhand9 %umaon and Denaras di isions. &jmer and Baipur were also included in this northern territory and they called it the Nort6-0!st!r% Pro;$%8!s #of &gra+. Today9 the area may seem big compared to se eral of the ,epublic of 0ndiaEs present Emini-statesE - no more than the si;e of earlier Edi isionsE of the Dritish era - but at the time it was one of the smallest Dritish pro inces. 0ts capital shifted twice between &gra and &llahabad.
54

3angal $andey is widely seen as the starting point to what came to be known as the 0ndian ,ebellion of 18-.. &fter its failure and turmoil settled9 the Dritish made a major re amp9 in desperation" they truncated the !elhi region from *:5$ of &gra and merged it with $unjab9 while the &jmer- 3erwar region was merged with ,ajputana. &t the same time9 they included )udh into the state. The new state was called the E*orth :estern $ro inces of &gra and )udhE9 which in 1?02 was renamed as the 6nited $ro inces of &gra and )udh. 0t was commonly referred to as the 6nited $ro inces or its acronym 6$. 0n 1?209 the capital of the pro ince was shifted from &llahabad to 4ucknow. The high court continued to be at &llahabad9 but a bench was established at 4ucknow. &llahabad continues to be an important administrati e base of todayEs 6ttar $radesh and has se eral administrati e headGuarters. The &ll 0ndia %isan 'abha #&0%'+ was formed at the 4ucknow session of the 0ndian *ational Congress on &pril 119 1?/@ with the legendary nationalist 'wami 'ahajanand 'araswati elected as its first $resident9 in order to mobilise peasant grie ances against the ;amindari attacks on their occupancy rights9 and thus sparking the 5armersE mo ement in 0ndia. 6ttar $radesh continued to be central to 0ndian culture and politics and was especially important in modern 0ndian history as a hotbed of both the 0ndian 0ndependence 3o ement and the $akistan 3o ement.
Post I%d!7!%d!%8!
&fter independence9 the state was renamed 6ttar $radesh #<northern pro ince<+ by its first chief minister9 Co ind Dallabh $ant. $ant was known and close to $rime 3inister Bawaharlal *ehru and was also
55

popular in the Congress $artyF he established such a good reputation in 4ucknow that *ehru called him to !elhi9 the capital and seat of Central Co ernment of the country9 to make him (ome 3inister of 0ndia in !ecember 2.9 1?-=. (e was succeeded by !r. 'ampoornanand9 a uni ersity professor and classicist 'anskrit scholar9 who was chief minister till 1?-.9 before becoming go ernor of ,ajasthan. 'ucheta %ripalani ser ed as 0ndiaEs first woman chief minister from )ctober 1?@/ until 3arch 1?@.9 when a two-month long strike by state employees caused her to step down.&fter her Chandra Dhanu Cupta assumed the office of Chief 3inister with 4a>mi ,aman &charya as 5inance 3inister9 but the go ernment lasted for only two years due to the confusion and chaos which ended only with the defection of Charan 'ingh from the Congress with a small set of legislatorsF he set up a party called the Bana Congress9 which formed the first non-Congress go ernment in 6.$. and ruled for o er a year. (em ati *andan Dahuguna was chief minister for Congress $arty go ernment for part of the 1?.0s. (e was dismissed by the Central Co ernment headed by 0ndira Candhi9 along with se eral other nonCongress chief ministers9 shortly after the imposition of the 1mergency9 when *arain !utt Tewari - later chief minister of 6ttarakhand - became chief minister. The Congress $arty lost hea ily in 1?.. elections9 following the lifting of the 1mergency9 but romped back to power in 1?809 when 3rs. Candhi handpicked the man who would later become her sonEs principle opposition9 I.$. 'ingh9 to become Chief 3inister. )n *o 0?9 20009 the (imalyan portion of the state9 comprising the
Carhwal and %umaon di isions and (aridwar district9 was formed into a new state called 6ttarakhand9 meaning the E*orthern 'egmentE state.
56
A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH Education

The region of 6ttar $radesh had a long tradition of learning9 although it had remained mostly confined to the elite class and the religious establishment. 'anskrit-based education comprising the learning of Iedic-to-Cupta periods9 coupled with the later $ali corpus of knowledge and a ast store of ancient-to-medie al learning in $ersianW&rabic languages9 had formed the edifice of (indu-Duddhist-3uslim education9 till the rise of Dritish power. &ligarh 3uslim 6ni ersity is a ,esidential &cademic 0nstitution. 0t was established in 18.- by 'ir 'yed &hmed %han and in 1?20 it was granted a status of Central 6ni ersity by an &ct of 0ndian $arliament. 0t is located in the city of &ligarh9 6ttar $radesh9 0ndia. 3odelled on the 6ni ersity of Cambridge9 it was among the first institutions of higher learning set up during the Dritish ,aj. )riginally it was 3ohammedan &nglo-)riental College9 which was founded by a great 3uslim social reformer 'ir 'yed &hmed %han. The 0ndian 0nstitute of Technology %anpur #known as 00T %anpur or 00T%+ is one of the 0ndian 0nstitutes of Technology9 set up in the thenindustrial city of %anpur in 1?@0. 00T %anpur has grown into one of the top technological institutes in 0ndiaTcitation neededU9 primarily focused on research in engineering and science9 and the teaching of undergraduates
Econo!&
6ttar $radesh is the second largest state economy in 0ndia after 3aharashtra9 contributing 8.1.A to 0ndiaEs total C!$. Detween 1??? and 20089 the economy grew only =.=A per year9 one of the lowest rates in 0ndia. SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 57

The major economic acti ity in the state is agriculture and9 in 1??19 ./A of the population in the state was engaged in agriculture and =@A of the state income was accounted for by agriculture. 6$ has retained its preeminent position in the country as a food-surplus state. The largest shoe-manufacturing centre in the country is %anpur. 6ttar $radesh is home to largest number of 'mall 'cale units in the country9 with 12A of o er 2./ million units.
4abour efficiency is higher in 6$ #2@+ than the *ational & erage #2-+. The state is one of the top tourist destinations in 0ndia9 with more than .1 million domestic tourists #in 200/+ and almost 2-A of the &ll-0ndia foreign tourists isiting 6ttar $radesh.
&gra was foreign
isited by more than 8 million domestic and 82-9000 in 200@9 followed by Iaranasi9 4ucknow9
tourists
&llahabad9 Irindaban and 3athura
4ucknow and *)0!& are among the top 0T destinations of the country. 3eerut is regularly listed among the top ta>-paying cities in the country
%ouris!
6ttar $radesh attracts a large number of tourists go"
isitors both national and
international. There are two regions in the state where a majority of the
The city of &gra9 which gi es access to three :orld (eritage 'ites" Taj 3ahal9 &gra 5ort and 5atehpur 'ikri.
o
Taj 3ahal is a mausoleum built by 3ughal 1mperor 'hah Bahan in memory of his fa orite wife9 3umta; 3ahal. 0t is
58

cited as 1t%e je)el of Muslim art in India and one of t%e universall* admired masterpieces of t%e )orld2s %eritage31
o
&gra 5ort is about 2.- km northwest of its much more famous sister monument9 the Taj 3ahal. The fort can be more accurately described as a walled palatial city. 5atehpur 'ikri was the world famous 1@th century capital city near &gra9 built by the 3ughal emperor &kbar the Creat9 whose mausoleum in &gra is also worth a isit.
The holiest of the holy cities of (indus on the banks of sacred ri ers Canga and the 2amuna" Iaranasi #also considered worldEs oldest city+9 &yodhya #birth place of 4ord ,ama+9 3athura #birth place of 4ord %rishna+ and &llahabad #the confluence or EholysangamE of the sacred Canga-2amuna ri ers+.
0n &gra itself9 !ayal Dagh is a temple built in modern times that many isit. 0t is still under construction and would take an estimated one century for completion. 0ts life-like car ings in marble are uniGue in 0ndia. &graEs dubious modern attractions include &siaEs largest 'pa as well as &siaEs first and only @! theatre. 1 ery year9 thousands gather at &llahabad to take part in the festi al held on the banks of the Canges9 the 3agh 3ela. The same festi al is organised on a larger scale e ery 12th year and is called the %umbha 3ela9 where o er 10 million (indu pilgrims congregateXthe largest gathering of human beings in the world. Iaranasi is widely considered to be one of the oldest cities in the world. 0t is famous for its ghats #bathing steps along the ri er+9 that remain bustling year round with de otees from all o er 0ndia and beyond9 who want to take a holy dip in the sacred Canges ,i er.
59

5rom Iaranasi are the historically important towns of 'arnath and %ushinagar. Cautama Duddha ga e his first sermon at 'arnath after his enlightenment and %ushinagar is where Cautama Duddha diedF hence both are important pilgrimage site for Duddhists. &lso at 'arnath are the $illars of &shoka and the 4ion Capital of &shoka9 both important archaeological artifacts with national significance. 5rom Iaranasi9 a distance of 80 km Cha;ipur is famous for Canga Chats and 4ord %ornwalis Tomb maintained by &rcheological 'ur ey of 0ndia. !udhwa *ational $ark is one of the best tiger reser es in the country. 4akhimpur %heri is a must see location - home to the Tiger ,eser e - and another sanctuary9 %aterniaghat :ildlife 'anctuary9 the most concentrated sanctuary in 0ndia9 with a large population of tigers9 as well as leopards9 situated in Dahraich and bordering *epal is also worth a isit. 'ome areas reGuire a special permit for non-0ndians to isit.
To r$s# a%d Hos7$ta2$t'

4ast 6pdated" &pril 200?
0ndia offers myriad e>citing e>periences to tourists. Tourism industry in 0ndia is being utilised as a powerful tool to facilitate international understanding and enable building of broader cultural hori;ons. &ccording to the Tra el K Tourism Competiti eness ,eport 200? brought out by :orld 1conomic 5orum9 0ndia is ranked 11th in the &sia-$acific region and @2nd o erall in a list of 1// assessed countries in 20089 up three places since 200.. 0n terms of tra el9 0ndia stands ?th in the inde> of relati e cost of access #ticket ta>es and airport charges+ to international air transport
60

ser ices9 ha ing almost the lowest costs in the world. &lso according to the report9 0ndia has been rated well for its natural resources #ranked 1=th+ and cultural resources #2=th+9 with many :orld (eritage sites9 both natural and cultural9 rich fauna9 and strong creati e industries in the country. 0ndia also has Guite a good air transport network #ranked /.th+9 particularly gi en the countryLs stage of de elopment9 and a reasonable ground transport infrastructure #ranked =?th+. 0ndia is ranked .th in terms of number of :orld (eritage cultural sites9 according to a 6*1'C) report #2008+. 0ndia is ranked 1st with regard to tourism fair attendance. &lso9 according to the 0nternational Congress and Con ention &ssociation9 0ndia is rated //rd in terms of number of international fairs and e>hibitions held in the country annually #a erage for 200@-0.+. The :orld Tra el and Tourism ,eport for 200? for 180 countries worldwide also ranks the 0ndian Tra el and Tourism economy 1=th in absolute si;e worldwide9 1==th in relati e contribution to national economies and -th in long-term #10-year+ growth. The contribution of tra el and tourism to gross domestic product #C!$+ is e>pected to be at @.0 per cent #6'J @../ billion+ in 200? rising to 6'J 18../ billion by 201?.
61
C6a7t!r @ =
62
CONCLUSION
The outlay for tourism de elopment was ,s.8 crore in the third plan ,s.18@.=@ crores in the si>th plan and ,s./2@.1@ crores in the se enth plan. 0t was during the si>th plan that a tourism policy was formulated and presented before the parliament. The si>th plan is an objecti e en isages optimum use of infrastructure9 regionali;ing tourist traffic and increase in accommodation and so on. (owe er9 the plan turned out to be a de elopment. The se enth plan #1?8--1??0+ set a target of 1.--million tourist arri al by 1??0 and / million by 2000 &!. 0t also recommended according industry status to tourism in order to encourage pri ate sector in estment in tourism. 0t was also recommended that public sector would focus on basic infrastructure de elopment9 and the pri ate sector would be in encouraged to de elop tourism. 5or the first time domestic tourism was sought to be encouraged for promoting social and cultural cohesion and ery mere blue print for action for tourist
63

employment generation. The national committee on tourism presented a comprehensi e report in 1?889which pro ided the basis of a long-term perspecti e plan for tourism in the country. The committee set a growth rate of .A per annual for international tourists. &rri als by 2000 &!. ,ecommendations also included the following" 1. 'et a tourism finance cooperation to e>tend financial assistance for tourism project. 2. !e elopments of select tourist destination and circuits di ersification of tourism arri al of cultural destination to the leisure and holiday tourist. /. 3arkets9 e>ploration and de elopment of new tourism generating center. =. 0ncrease the hotel accommodation by cent percent by stimulation in estment through appropriate package of incenti es. The committees major recommendation e>pects that of setting up a national tourism board wherein accepted. 0n &pril 1?8?9 the tourism finance cooperation of 0ndia was set up. & working group of the state tourism secretaries in Buly 1?8- identify incenti es for the industry. &bout 1= states and / union territories ha e declared tourism as an industry howe er9 despite the efforts during the se enth plan for di ersification of tourists for cultural destinations to the leisure and holiday destination9 0ndia still remains as a cultural destination. Dudget SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS 64

outlays where di erted towards facilitating trekking de elopment of beach resorts9 building shopping pla;as9 wildlife tourism9 facilities for conference is skiing etc. 0t is reported that the profile of the a erage o erseas and domestic tra eler is changing. 0n the current plan period as well one of the principal thrust areas would be modification of the 0ndian tourism product by adding the concept of 0ndia. &s an ad enture and leisure tourism destination to the present cultural tag. Trekking9 winter and water sports wild life and health tourism will remain as the major thrust areas in the forth-coming area.
65
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- 111."oo"2!.8o#
-111.1$5$7!d$a.or"
-111.a2ta;$sta.8o#
-111.'a6oo.8o#
66

India Tourisum Project

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

India Tourisum Project

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

A Project Report on A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BANGALORE-85

Under the guidance and supervision of

Post Grad at! Pro"ra##! $% Ma%a"!#!%t

PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI )UNE *++,

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

SIDVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS & INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BANGALORE-85

This is to certify that the project work entitled

A S%U*/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RA*ES-)

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

This is to certify that the project work entitled

A S%U*/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RA*ES-)

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

0 declare that this project titled A STUDY ON TURISUM IN UTTAR

PRADESH completed in the academic year 2008-2010 is my own and 0

!ate" PRA(ASH (UMAR RAI $lace"

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

0$t6 s$%8!r! r!"ards3 7$,&%&'( %63&, ,&08 #2008-2010+

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

Co%82 s$o% B$&2$o"ra76'

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

Do#!st$8 a%d I%t!r%at$o%a2 To r$s#

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

7or"d touris! statistics and ran4ings Most ;$s$t!d 8o %tr$!s

UN0TO Ra%5 Co %tr' R!"$o%a2 Mar5!t

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

*orth &merica -@.0 million

-=.. million =/.. million

=?.@ million =1.1 million

1urope 1urope 1urope

2=.= million 2/.1 million 22.2 million

2/.@ million 18.? million 18.? million 21.= million

*orth &merica 21.= million

I%t!r%at$o%a2 to r$s# r!8!$7ts

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

UN0TO Ra%5 Co %tr' R!"$o%a2 Mar5!t

6nited 'tates 'pain 5rance 0taly China

I%t!r%at$o%a2 to r$s# to7 s7!%d!rs

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

UN0TO Ra%5 Co %tr' R!"$o%a2 Mar5!t

Cermany 6nited 'tates

SIDIVIN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS

A STUDY ON TOURISM IN UTTAR PRADESH

A S%U/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RAES-)

A S%U/ ON %OUR$S0 $N U%%AR 1RAES-)