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Duc Hang 22TCN272-05
Duc Hang 22TCN272-05
L1 =
L Kc
+ K c + l0
2
(2)
1
(L K c )
2
(3)
1.1.3-Chiu di cc t c Ki :
Chiu di mi t c Ki chn trong khong 3; 3,5; hoc 4 m v c th
khng bng nhau ,nhng t ngoi cng c chiu di ln hn , sao cho s t c
cn bng l s nguyn v trng lng t c nng nht khng vt qu 60 Tn . Sau
khi cng chiu di cc t Ki v t hp long Kc , chiu di cn d ca nhp tnh
vo t Ko . Chiu di t Ko phi chn t 10 12 m tu thuc vo loi xe c .
1.2- Kch thc hp dm :
Nguyn tc thit k l phi chn kch thc hp dm trc sao cho hnh
dng mt ct hp nhn thy cn i,hp l sau mi tin hnh tnh ton
kim tra v khng nh nhng iu chn . Vic chn ban u da vo kinh
nghim thit k, vo thit k ca nhng cng trnh xy dng v vo mt s
cng thc kinh nghim.
1.2.1- Chiu cao hp dm : Chiu cao hp dm thay i theo qui lut
tuyn tnh hoc theo ng cong . Thng thng mt y dm cong theo ng
cong bc 2 , vi chiu cao hp dm ti :
- Mt ct gi : H0 = (1/121/17) L
- Mt ct gia nhp : H0,5=(1/40 1/60) L 2,5 m .
1
Hng dn TKTN
a) Hp dm vi kh cu 10,5 m
b) Hp dm vi kh cu >10,5m
Hng dn TKTN
H 0 H 0,5
Lh
(4)
(6)
Vi dng hp thnh xin chiu rng y dm thay i theo chiu cao dm,
ti mt ct st tr chiu rng ny l bd 0 ti mt ct th i c chiu cao l Hi chiu rng
y xc nh theo cng thc :
(7)
bd ,i = bd 0 + 2(H 0 H i )
trong - xin ca thnh hp :(1/71/10)
1.3- Tnh cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din mi t dm :
Trong mi t dm chiu cao v chiu dy bn y thay i theo qui lut
tuyn tnh . Trong phm vi mi t , ta coi nh mt ct l khng i v c tit din
ly theo mt ct gia ca mi t.
Trong tnh ton xc nh ni lc , s mt ct xc nh tung AH ly
theo s lng t c v nh vy cch chia phn t trong s tnh ton trng vi
cch chia t c .
Xc nh THH tit din hnh hp c th bng nhng chng trnh lp
sn bng TURBO PASCAL, EXCEL hoc VISUAL BASIC ,nn dng EXCEL v c
th kt ni kt qu tnh THH vi cc trang tnh duyt sau ny . Khng nn dng
tin ch tnh THH trong AUTOCAD v khng t ng tnh cho hng lot cc mt
ct v d ln v chuyn i n v theo t l bn v .
C th tham kho trang kt qu ca chng trnh tnh ton cc THH ca
tit din dm hp bng EXCEL sau y. Trong v d c 8 t chia v tnh c Jy,
trong n TKTN khng cn tnh Jy .
3
Hng dn TKTN
Chiu Chiu
s hiu Chiu di cao tit dy bn
t li (cm) din H y hb
mc
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
450
300
300
300
300
350
350
350
cm
cm
620
528.0
476.0
431.0
392.3
359.6
328.3
303.6
284.7
50.0
43.8
40.3
37.2
34.6
32.4
30.3
28.6
27.3
Chiu
rng Din tch Din tch v tr trc
bn tr rnh fo
tnh i fbt trung ho
y b
yo cm
cm2
cm2
jx
cm4
jy
cm4
cm
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
650
140533
126197
118099
111079
105060
99964.9
95085.9
91237.6
88297.6
143628
129151
120912
113751
107592
102356
97337
93347
90267
2.1 - Xc nh tnh ti :
Tnh ti giai on I gm :
- trng lng bn thn mi t dm :
p I ,i = 2,5l i Fi ,td
p mII =
T/m
i : dc ngang cu %
B :chiu rng cu to mt cu ( m) .
Trng lng bn thn dm c dng phn b hnh bc thang , trng lng xe c
l ti trng tp trung cn cc tnh ti khc l ti trng phn b u .
H s ti trng :
- i vi trng lng bn thn dm, lan can, g chn =1.25
- i vi lp ph mt cu = 1.5
4
Hng dn TKTN
-i vi hot ti v ti trng thi cng ly theo trng thi gii hn tnh ton
H s phn phi ti trng = S ln xe m
m- h s ln xe nu 2 ln ly bng 1,0; ba ln m=0,85
H s xung kch ( 1+IM) =1,25 .
L I ,i =
i
1
K0 + Ki
2
1
(8)
Hng dn TKTN
- Do t K0 :
00
I ,0
PI , 0 d 02
(9)
M I0,10 = M I0,00 + PI ,1 d1 d 0 + 1
2
d
n 1
M I0,n0 = M I0,n01 + PI ,n d n d i + n
2
0
- Do t K1 :
- Do t Kn :
(10)
(11)
+ Ti mt ct th K :
M
k k
I ,i
d
n 1
= PI ,i d i d i + i
2
k
K 1
n
(12)
n
PI ,tc d i
i =k
=
2
(13)
3- Do trng lng xe c :
n
K K
M XE
P
=
,i
XE d i 1
i =k
(14)
Bng cc gi tr m men ti nh tr
Gi tr tiu chun
Trng
Chiu Tnh ti Do tnh
Do ti
thi
di t t dm ti dm trng thi Do xe
c
c
(m) (Tn/m) M0-0
cng M0-0I,p
t th
I,p
M0-0XE
T.m
T.m
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4.5
3
3
3
3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
4
4
33.34
30.54
28.65
27.02
25.63
24.38
23.29
22.44
21.81
21.35
21.04
20.85
20.76
-337
-887
-1660
-2633
-3786
-5343
-7116
-9100
-11294
-13704
-16337
-19632
-23243
-2.03
-5.63
-11.03
-18.23
-27.23
-40.00
-55.23
-72.90
-93.03
-115.60
-140.63
-172.23
-207.03
-210
-390
-570
-750
-930
-1140
-1350
-1560
-1770
-1980
-2190
-2430
-2670
G tr tnh ton
Cng
T.m
Do ti Do trng
Do tnh
trng thi lng xe
ti dm
cng
c
M0-0I,p
0-0
M I,p
M0-0XE
-5500
-371
-2.63
-1283
-975
-7.31
-2242
-1826 -14.33
-3402
-2896 -23.69
-4744
-4165 -35.39
-6524
-5878 -52.00
-8522
-7828 -71.79
-10733 -10010 -94.77
-13157 -12423 -120.93
-15799 -15074 -150.28
-18668 -17971 -182.81
-22234 -21595 -223.89
-26120 -25568 -269.13
-294
-546
-798
-1050
-1302
-1596
-1890
-2184
-2478
-2772
-3066
-3402
-3738
6
Cng
T.m
-667
-1529
-2639
-3970
-5502
-7526
-9790
-12289
-15022
-17996
-21220
-25221
-29575
Hng dn TKTN
Bng 3
Gi tr tiu chun
S hiu
mt ct
M0-0
M1-1
M2-2
M3-3
M4-4
M5-5
M6-6
M7-7
M8-8
Tnh ti
Chiu di
t dm
t (m)
(Tn/m)
4.5
3
3
3
3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
33.34
30.54
28.65
27.02
25.63
24.38
23.29
22.44
21.81
27181.45
22096.73
19069.39
16308.38
13797.85
11524.23
9155.56
7078.88
5282.31
245.03
202.50
176.40
152.10
129.60
108.90
87.03
67.60
50.63
2910
2640
2460
2280
2100
1920
1710
1500
1290
Cng
T.m
30336.48
24939.23
21705.79
18740.48
16027.45
13553.13
10952.59
8646.48
6622.93
Hng dn TKTN
a) s cng ngh
mntc
Gc
Pxe
Pkch
a) s tnh ton
l/2
l1
P
l1
l/2
c) Biu m men un
(
)
1 (l 0 + l c ) p 0
(2 L1 (l 0 + lc )) Gc L lc
L1
2
4
(15)
Mmen ti mt ct gia t l0 :
M l0
Pl
1
= Al 0 0 0
2
8
(16)
p 0 (l 0 + l c )
2
(17)
pn d n
2
(18)
2
M n2
M n 3
P d
= M n 1 + ( A p 0 (l 0 + l c ) Pn d n )d n 1 n 1 n 1
2
2
n 1
Pn 2 d n 2
= M n 2 + A p 0 (l 0 + l c ) Pi d i d
2
n
(19)
......
4xd
K4
lo
K3
lc
MC5
K2
lk
K1
Ko
K1
K2
K3
K4
p4
Hng dn TKTN
1
Ap =
L1
L1 2 (L l c )2
PI ,tc
8
Pxe L d xe
(20)
M P = A p x1
(21)
Cng gi
Cng gi tr
tr tiu
tnh ton
chun
0
35.5
39
42.5
46
49
52
55
58
62.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3
3
3
3
4.5
21.81
22.44
23.29
24.38
25.63
27.02
28.65
30.54
33.34
-5108.5
-7060.6
-9292.7
-11816.9
-14223.8
-16867.6
-19761.9
-22922.5
-28207.1
-1611.0
-1783.5
-1958.4
-2135.8
-2289.8
-2445.6
-2603.2
-2762.6
-3005.0
-6719.5
-8844.0
-11251.1
-13952.7
-16513.6
-19313.1
-22365.0
-25685.0
-31212.1
b- Trn on mt hng Lh :
M men ti cui t th n ( k t t K0):
M men ti mt ct cui t th n-1 :
0
713.12
-7713.66
-10085.15
-12767.94
-15775.11
-18622.88
-21733.58
-25122.16
-28806.04
-34934.33
Mn = 0
p d
1
M n 1 = M n Gc d n n n
2
2
2
Pn 1 d n 1
Gc
M n 2 = M n 1
+ Pn d n d n 1
2
2
M n 3 = M n 2
n 1
P d
G
c + Pi d i n 2 n 2
2
n
(22)
(23)
....
(24)
M tc ,n = 0
M tc ,k =
Ptc x k
2
(25)
Hng dn TKTN
nk
xk = d i
n
M xe = Pxe x 2 + c d xe
2
(26)
2
22.5
26
29.5
33
36
39
42
45
49.5
3
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3
3
3
3
4.5
4
21.81
22.44
23.29
24.38
25.63
27.02
28.65
30.54
33.34
5
-5748.6
-7617.7
-9766.9
-12208.1
-14543.9
-17116.6
-19939.8
-23029.3
-28207.3
6
-1190.6
-1417.6
-1647.0
-1878.9
-2079.6
-2282.1
-2486.4
-2692.5
-3005.0
Bng 5
Cng gi
Cng gi tr
tr tiu
tnh ton
chun
7
-6939.2
-9035.3
-11414.0
-14087.0
-16623.5
-19398.7
-22426.2
-25721.8
-31212.3
8
-7871.28
-10222.37
-12884.76
-15871.53
-18701.81
-21795.03
-25166.13
-28832.53
-34934.58
Hng dn TKTN
11
Hng dn TKTN
Khi xc nh ni
lc trong dm lin tc
c hng theo cng
ngh ny cn phi lu
hin tng xut hin m
biu m s 2
+
men m ti mt ct gia
nhp, m men ny xut
biu m s 3 chu tnh ti II
hin do hai nguyn
nhn : 1- hiu ng d ti
2- khi hot ti xp
ng bao m s 3
ln hai nhp bin .
+
Nguyn nhn 1 c th
khc phc bng bin
ng bao m tnh ton
php gim trng lng
=
ca xe c hoc c th
b hn xe c trong giai
on hp long . i vi
nguyn nhn th hai cn xem xt li vic phn phi t l gia nhp bin v nhp gia,
nhp bin cng ln th m men ny cng ln. C th trit tiu gi tr m men m gia
nhp bng tng tnh ti giai on II , lp to dc ngang c thi cng sau khi hp
long ,khng cng vi np hp nh vn thng lm . Nu cc gii php trn khng
khc phc c phi b tr thm ct thp ST np hp trong phm vi lC + hai t
cui, hoc thay i cng ngh.
Bng tng hp ni lc ti cc mt ct
Bng 6
Gi tr M tnh ton trong giai
Gi tr Gi tr
Gi tr ng
on khai thc
S hiu M tnh M tnh bao M tnh theo
theo
theo
s III
mt ct
(-)
s I s
M
M(+)
M(-)
m(+)
II
biu m s 1
u nhp
1/2 l0
n-n
....
1-1
Gi (0-0)
1-1
...
n-n
1/2 L
M1
M2
M(-)3
M(+)3
=M1+M2+M(-)3
=M1+M2+M(+)3
Hng dn TKTN
13
Hng dn TKTN
iii-chn v b tr ct thp ch
hc + hng
2
- Chiu dy bn np qui i :
- Chiu rng bn np qui i :
- Chiu dy bn y qui i :
ht = (2Fc+2F2+F1+2Fvt)/(B-2t1)
bc = B-2t1
hd= (2Fvd+Fd)/bd
trong
Hng dn TKTN
(hng ht ) + t v
F2 = (hng ht ) w + bv +
2
H = (H hng hd ) 1 + 2
Fw = 2wH'
Fd =bdhd +h2d
Fvt ,Fvd din tch cc vt trn v vt di .
3.2.2- Xc nh s b s lng b ct thp ST, th trn ti cc mt ct:
+ Xc nh h s iu chnh 1 theo cng thc :
f c 28
( 5.7.2.2 TCN 272)
0,05 0,65
7
trong f'c - cng nn qui nh ca b tng dm tui 28 ngy (Mpa)
1 = 0,85
d p = H
ht + hng
2
c = 0,42 d p
mm
mm
a'=c'1
+ Din tch ct thp ST :
A ps =
cng I
M tt
f pu d p
2
(Mpa)
fpu- cng chu ko qui nh ca ct thp ST
Mtt- m men tnh ton ti mt ct tnh theo t hp trng thi gii hn
( N.mm)
A ps
Aten
15
Hng dn TKTN
S hiu
mt ct
nh tr
1-1
2-2
...
S b ct
thp cn b
tr ti mi
mt ct theo
m men thi
cng
S b ct
thp cn b
tr ti mi
mt ct theo
m men khai
thc
Tng s b
ti mi mt
ct
( Max )
n0
n1
n2
...
S b neo
ti mi mt
ct
S b thc
t sau khi
b tr ct
thp
0
(n0-n1)2
...
3.3- B tr ct thp
Ct thp chu m men m b tr trn np hp theo hai cch :
- Chy thnh tng hng song song, cui mi t c nhng b no b ngt
th neo thng vo mt ct.
- B tr thnh 2 hoc 3 hng tp trung khu vc nch hp, khi neo b cp
phi un cong theo phng ngang v un xin xung theo phng ng neo vo
v tr gn ch tip gip nch v sn hp .
Hng ct thp hng trn cng cch np hp (1012) cm , cc hng cch
nhau mt khong bng ng knh ng ghen ng +3,8 (cm) . Cc b trong mt
hng cng t cch nhau ng + 4 cm .
im neo phi cch nhng b i thng gn nht mt khong cch b+B
b- ghi trong bng Qui cch b tr neo ti u dm vi CK=23 , tc l bng
+(2234) cm.
Trn mt bng cc b i song song vi nhau, i xng vi ng tim ca
nch hp khi gn n im kt thc ca ct thp th un cong i no v tr neo.
im un nn chn sao cho :
1- Cch u neo mt khong t nht l (200+T)cm m bo iu kin
trc im neo ct thp phi c on thng t nht l 2m. T l chiu di tip tuyn
ca ng cong bn knh R.
2- Nm trong phm vi mt t c, cch im ni ng (T+20)cm vic
t v ni ng ghen c d dng .
im un theo mt phng ngang v mt ng l trng nhau do v thc t
cc b ct thp un cong theo khng gian trong mt mt phng nghing .
Cch xc nh v tr im un :
16
Hng dn TKTN
h
T +2
T- tip tuyn ca ng cong xc nh theo
cng thc :
T = Rtg
2
R- bn knh ca ng cong do ngi thit k
n nh R4000 mm
h- khong cch t v tr ct thp n v tr neo
xc nh trn mt bng .
V tr im un ct thp cch mt ct cui t
l a :
h
Khi nu a + T K + 0.2 (m)
tg
trong K chiu di t th im un nm trong phm vi t v vic ni di ng
ghen cho tng t l thun li v ni theo ng thng , ngc li im un nm
trong t trc , mi ni phi b tr trn on cong hoc on cho , vic nh v
s gp kh khn .
Nhng b ct thp th di c neo
vo cc neo c ni y hp, nhng b
un cong t pha trong thnh hp i ra th ch
un c mt ln, cn nhng b t v tr cch
xa ngoi bn y , khi mun neo vo v tr
gc hp phi un cong 2 ln khi ko b
ct thp c ko thng song song vi ng
chn dc theo thnh hp.
a=
c
f ps = f pu 1 k
dp
f
k- h s tnh theo cng thc : k = 21,04 py
f pu
Mpa ( 5.7.3.1.1-1)
( 5.7.3.1.1-2)
Hng dn TKTN
0,85 f c 1 2 w + kA ps
f pu
mm ( 5.7.3.1.1-3)
dp
A ps f pu + As f y As f y
f pu
0,85 f c 1bd + kA ps
dp
mm (5.7.3.1.1-4)
fpe - ng sut c hiu trong ct thp sau khi cng ko tm ly bng 0,8 fpu
lc - chiu di c hiu ca b ct thp tnh gia hai u neo (mm)
lc =
2li
2 + Ns
( 5.7.3.1.2-2)
A ps f pu + As f y As f y
0,85 f c 1bd
( 5.7.3.1-4)
a
a
a
a h
2 2
18
Hng dn TKTN
a
a
a
M n = A ps f ps d p + As f y d s As f y d s
2
2
2
(5.8.3.3-3)
bv s
fy
s- bc ca ct ai (mm)
fy- gii hn chy ca ct thp ai khng vt qu 420 (Mpa).
5.2- Xc nh sc khng ct ca tit din :
5.2.1- Sc khng ct do ct ai chu :
19
Hng dn TKTN
Vs =
(N)
( 5.8.3.3-4)
(5.8.3.4.2-2)
E s As + E p A ps
E c Ac + E s As + E p A ps
0,5h
Ec = 0,043 y c1,5 f c
yc -t trng ca
b tng 2400kg/m
Es = 2105 Mpa
Eps = 1,97105 Mpa
(N) ( 5.8.3.3-1)
20
Hng dn TKTN
0,4
E ps
LBo
Mpa
f pF = f pj 1 e ( Kx+ )
Mpa
( 5.9.5.2-2)
fpj - ng sut trong ct thp khi ang cng bng kch , c th ly bng 0,9fpu Mpa
K- h s ma st lc tnh trn mi mm chiu di ct thp ly bng 6,610-7
- h s ma st trt , ly bng 0,15 .
- tng cc gi tr tuyt i ca cc gc un ca b ct thp so vi ng trc
ca b tnh t im neo kch ( nu ko bng 1 kch ) hoc t im neo kch
gn nht ( nu ko bng 2 kch) n mt ct xt ( Rad) .
x- chiu di on b ct thp tnh t im neo kch ni trn n mt ct xt (mm)
Nu b cp un cong trong c mt phng ng v mt phng ngang , th phi
tnh bng cch cng vc t :
= 2x + 2y
(N 1) E ps
2N
E ci
f cgp
Mpa
( 5.9.5.2.3b-1)
A ps f pe
Ac 0
M DC A ps f pe d p 0
I c0
d p0
Mpa (5.9.5.2.3b-2)
Hng dn TKTN
Mpa
d c + DC 2 d c +
d c 0,45 f c Mpa (5.9.4.2.1-1)
I c0
Ic
Ac
Ic
Ac, Ic - din tch v m men qun tnh ca tit din tnh i sang tit din b tng,
ti v tr tnh duyt , coi mt ct lm vic n hi ( mm2, mm4)
dc- khong cch t trng tm tit din hp dm n mp b tng chu nn mm
6.3.3- Tnh duyt i vi ng sut ko trong b tng :
Asp f p Asp f p
M DC1
M
d s + DC 2 d s
+
d s 0,5 f ' c
I c0
Ic
Ac
Ic
Mpa (5.9.4.2.2-1)
M SD
d p 0 0,8 f pu
Ic
Mpa ( 5.9.3-1)
n- t l m uyn n hi .
dp0 - khong cch t trng tm tit din n trng tm b ct thp mm
MSD tnh vi t hp : DC+DW+CR+SH+TG+EL
22
Hng dn TKTN
Bng gi tr v .
x x1000
/f'c
0.05
0.075
0.1
0.125
0.15
0.175
0.2
0.225
0.25
-0.2
27
6.78
27
-0.15
27
-0.1
27
27
27
27
6.78
23.5
6.5
20
21
22 23.5
0.125
27 28.5
27 27.5
26
22
22.5 23.5
25
27
2.59
25 26.5
2.58 2.54
2.5
25
2.55
26.5
2.45
28
2.36
27 27.5
29
29
30
2.32 2.36
2.3
33
36
1.5
41
2
43
36
34
36
40
42
1.9 1.65
38
39
24
30 33.5
24 26.5 30.5
2.6
23.5
29
0.75
2.71 2.71
0.5
2.71
2.66
0.25
28 31.5
34
36
32
34
30 32.5
2.41 2.39
29
31
37
1.5 1.24
36 35.5
36
35
36
2.37 2.33
30.5
33
32
33
34
38
1.6 1.35
36 36.5
37
34 34.5
34 34.5 36.5
39
32
33
1.4
1.3 1.25
1
L
800
23