210

H. Schmidt and Th.A. Winterstetter

(a) 50

40 MT (N m)

N = 19

30 (b) 20 Z = 100 Z = 1 2l 2/rt W = 0 0 0.1 0 0.4 0.2 0.8 22 21 1.2 18 1.40 18 1.39 23 24 0 0.2 0 0 1 2 (m rad) 3 4 180 190 200 210 0 1 2 W (mm)

= 190.5

10

200

Figure 8.4 Elastic circular cylinder under torsion experimental results (reproduced from Elastic Stability of Cylindrical Shells, Yamaki, 1984): (a) Loaddeection curve MT = f (); (b) buckled shape.

the theoretical results (Donnell 1933). Later, experiments with a special focus on the whole load-deection path were conducted (Lundquist 1932; Nash 1957; Yamaki 1976). From these and other investigations, the experimental behaviour of thin-walled, elastic cylindrical shells under torsion can be described as follows (Fig. 8.4): practically linear prebuckling path; sharp, bifurcation-type buckling with sudden, large deections; experimental buckling load 6595% of the theoretically predicted linear bifurcation load; stable, smooth postbuckling path with a minimum of about 60% of the theoretical buckling load; geometry-dependent load increase after the postbuckling minimum; snap-back into original conguration during unloading.

In contrast to these ndings, stocky shells made of materials with nonlinear stressstrain behaviour (steel, aluminium) buckle without sudden deections, but with permanent plastic deformations of only a part of the shell wall. First experimental research on elasticplastic torsional buckling was done by Stang et al. (1937) and Lee and Ades (1957). Table 8.1 and Fig. 8.5 show some results of a recently conducted test series with specimens having an r/t from 100 to 150 (Winterstetter and Schmidt 1999; Winterstetter 2000).