ပ႒ာန္းပါဠိေတာ္

y|mef;ygVdawmf
earm w b*0awm t&[awm

ormorK'
yp,ka'oygVd
a[wkypa,m?
tm&rPypa,m?
t"dywdypa,m?
teE&ypa,m?
oreE&ypa,m?
o[Zmwypa,m?
tnrnypa,m?
ed,ypa,m?
Oyed,ypa,m?
yka&Zmwypa,m?
a'gufwm t&Sief Ermvmbd0o

H
ypmZmwypa,m?
tmao0eypa,m?
urypa,m?
0dyguypa,m?
tm[m&ypa,m?
Èd,ypa,m?
psmeypa,m?
r*ypa,m?
or,kwypa,m?
0dy,kwypa,m?
twdypa,m?
ewdypa,m?
0d*wypa,m?
t0d*wypa,m/
yp , k a ' a om ed | d a wm/
(y|mef; 24-ypnf; tusOf;NyD;\/)
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
yp,eda'oygVd
1/ a[wkyp,
a[wkypa,mwd a[wl a[wkor,kwumeH "rmeH wH
ork|meme lygeH a[wkypa,e ypa,m/
2/ tm&rPyp,
tm&rPypa,mwd lyg,weH puK0n
d mP"mwk,m wH or,-k
wume "rmeH tm&rPypa,e ypa,m/
o'g,weH aomw0dnmP "mwk,m wH
or,w
k u
me "rmeH tm&rPypa,e ypa,m/
*Em,weH Cme0dnmP "mwk,m wH
or,w
k u
&om,weH Zd0mS 0dnmP"mwk,m wH or,-k

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
wume "rmeH tm&rP ypa,e ypa,m/

azm|Am,weH um,0dnmP"mwk,m wH
or,w
k u
lyg,weH o'g,weH *Em,weH &om,weH azm|Am,weH raem"mwk,m wH or,-k
oaA "rm raem0dnmP"mwk,m wH or,-k
,H ,H "rH tm&A a, a, "rm OyZEd pdw
apowdum "rm? aw aw "rm awoH awoH
"rmeH tm&rPypa,e ypa,m/
ork|meme lygeH t"dywdypa,e ypa,m/

pdwm "dywd pdwor,kwumeH "rmeH wH
0DrHom"dywd 0DrHo or,kwumeH "rmeH wH
,H ,H "rH *kH uwGm a, a, "rm OyZEd
pdw apwodum "rm? aw aw "rm awoH
awoH "rmeH t"dywdypa,e ypa,m/
3/ t"dywdyp,
t"dywdypa,mwd qEm"dywd qEor,kwumeH "rmeH wH
0D&d,m"dywd 0D&d, or,kwumeH "rmeH wH
4/ teE&yp,
teE&ypa,mwd puK0dnmP"mwk wH or,kwump "rm
raem"mwk,m wH or,w
k u
me "rmeH teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
raem"mwk wH or,kwump "rm raem0dnmP "mwk,m wH or,kwume "rmeH

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
aomw0dnmP"mwk wHor,w
k u
m p "rm
raem"mwk,m wH or,w
k u
raem"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm raem0dnmP "mwk,m wH or,kwume "rmeH
teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
Cme0dnmP"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm
raem"mwk,m wH or,w
k u
raem"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm raem0dnmP "mwk,m wH or,kwume "rmeH
teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm
raem"mwk,m wH or,w
k u
raem"mwk wHor,kwump "rm raem0dnmP "mwk,m wH or,kwume "rmeH
teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
um,0dnmP"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm
raem"mwk,m wH or,w
k u
raem"mwk wHor,kwump "rm raem0dnmP "mwk,m wH or,kwume "rmeH
teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rm ypdrmeH ypdrmeH
ukovmeH "rmeH teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
tAsmuwmeH "rmeH teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
yk&rd m yk&rd m tukovm "rm ypdr meH ypdr meH
tukovmeH "rmeH teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
yk&rd m yk&rd m tAsmuwm "rm ypdr meH ypdr meH

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
ukovmeH "rmeH teE&ypa,e ypa,m/

tukovmeH "rmeH teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
a,oH a,oH "rmeH teE&m a, a, "rm
OyZE d pdwa pwodum "rm? aw aw "rm awoH
awoH "rmeH teE&ypa,e ypa,m/
ypa,e ypa,m/
raem"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm raem0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH
oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
Cme0dnmP"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm
raem"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
me "rmeH oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm
raem"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
um,0dnmP"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm
raem"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
me "rmeH oreE&-
5/ oreE&yp,
oreE&ypa,mwd puK0dnmP"mwk wHor,kwum p "rm
raem"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
aomw0dnmP"mwk wHor,w
k u
m p "rm
raem"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
me "rmeH oreE&-

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
ypa,e ypa,m/
oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
ukovmeH "rmeH oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
tAsmuwmeH "rmeH oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
tukovmeH "rmeH oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
ukovmeH "rmeH oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/
tukovmeH "rmeH oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/

a,oH a,oH "rmeH oreE&m a, a,
"rm OyZEd pdwapwodum "rm? aw aw "rm
awoH awoH "rmeH oreE&ypa,e ypa,m/

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
ypa,m/
lydaem "rm tlyDeH "rmeH uddumav
o[Zmw ypa,e ypa,m? uddumav e
o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
ypa,e ypa,m/
pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnH ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
MouEduaP emrlyH tnrnH ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
pdwapwodum"rm pwork|memeH lygeH
ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
r[mblwm Oyg'glygeH ed,ypa,e
ypa,m/
pum,weH puK0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
me "rmeH ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
aomwm,weH aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH ed,ypa,eypa,m/
Cmem,weH Cme0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
me "rmeH ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
m e "rmeH ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
um,m,weH um,0dnmP"mwk,m wH-
10
12
7/ tnrnyp,
tnrnypa,mwd pwma&m cEm tlydaem tnrnypa,e
ypa,m/
pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnypa,e
ypa,m/
MouEduaP emrlyH tnrnypa,e
ypa,m/
8/ ed,yp,
ed,ypa,mwd pwma&m cEm tlyad em tnrnH ed,-
11
6/ o[Zmwyp,
o[Zmwypa,mwd pwma&m cEm tlydaem tnrnH
o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnH o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
MouEduaP emrlyH tnrnH o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
pdwapwodum "rm pdwork|memeH lygeH
o[Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
r[mblwm Oyg'glygeH o[Zmwypa,e
13

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
or,kwume "rmeH ed,ypa,eypa,m/

,H lyH edm, raem"mwkp raem0dnmP"mwkp 0wEd/ wH lyH raem "mwk,m p raem0dnmP "mwk,m p wH or,kwume "rmeH
ed,ypa,e ypa,m/
tukovmeH "rmeH Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/

ukovmeH "rmeH auod Oyed,ypa,e
ypa,m/
tAsmuwmeH "rmeH Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
tAsmuwmeH "rmeH Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
ukovmeH "rmeH Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
tukovmeH "rmeH Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
OwkabmZerd Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
yk*avmyd Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
aoemoerd Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
14
9/ Oyed,yp,
Oyed,ypa,mwd yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rm ypdrmeH ypdrmeH
ukovmeH "rmeH Oyed,ypa,e ypa,m/
tukovmeH "rmeH auod Oyed,ypa,e
ypa,m/
tAsmuwmeH "rmeH Oyed, ypa,e ypa,m/
16

H
10/ yka&Zmwyp,
yka&Zmwypa,mwd pum,weH puK0n
d mP"mwk,m wHor,-k
wume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
aomwm,weH aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e
ypa,m/
Cmem,weH Cme0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e
ypa,m/
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e
ypa,m/
um,m,weH um,0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
15
17
ypa,m/
lyg,weH puK0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
o'g,weH aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e
ypa,m/
*Em,weH Cme0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,-k
&om,weH Zd0mS 0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,-k
azm|Am,weH um,0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e
ypa,m/
lyg,weH o'g,weH *Em,weH &om,weH azm|Am,weH raem"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
,H lyH edm, raem"mwk p raem0dnmP"mwk p 0wEd? wH lyH raem"mwk,m
wHor,kwume "rmeH yka&Zmwypa,e

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
ypa,m/
raem0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume
"rmeH uddumav yka&Zmwypa,e ypa,m?
uddumav e yka&Zmwypa,e ypa,m/
tukovmeH "rmeH tmao0eypa,e ypa,m/

yk&drm yk&drm Bud,mAsmuwm "rm ypdrmeH
ypdrmeH Bud,mAsmuwmeH "rmeH tmao0eypa,e ypa,m/
11/ ypmZmwyp,
13/ uryp,
ypmZmwypa,mwd ypmZmwm pdwa pwodum "rm yka&Zmw

r um, ypmZmwypa,e ypa,m/
urypa,mwd ukovmukovH urH 0dygumeH cEmeH u#wm

p lygeH urypa,e ypa,m/
apwem or,kwumeH "rmeH wHork|meme lygeH urypa,e ypa,m/
18
12/ tmao0eyp,
tmao0eypa,mwd yk&drm yk&drm ukovm "rm ypdrmeH ypdrmeH
ukovmeH "rmeH tmao0eypa,e ypa,m/
20
14/ 0dyguyp,
0dyguypa,mwd 0dygum pwma&m cEm tlydaem tnrnH
0dyguypa,e ypa,m/

H
15/ tm[m&yp,
tm[m&ypa,mwd uAVDuma&m tm[ma&m r um,
tm[m&ypa,e ypa,m/
tlydaem tm[m&m or,kwumeH "rmeH
wHork|meme lygeH tm[m&ypa,e ypa,m/
16/ NE,
d yp,
NEd,ypa,mwd puKNEd,H puK0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwumeO "rmeH NEd,ypa,e ypa,m/
aomwdNEd,H aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwumeO "rmeH NEd,ypa,e ypa,m/
CmedNE,
d H Cme0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,-k
wume "rmeH NEd,ypa,e ypa,m/
Zd0SdNEd,H Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,k-
19
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
21

um,dNE,
d H um,0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,-k
lyZD0dwdNEd,H u#wmlygeH NEd,ypa,e
ypa,m/
tlydaem NEd,m or,kwumeH "rmeH
wHork|memeO lygeH NEd,ypa,e ypa,m/
17/ psmeyp,
psmeypa,mwd psme*Fged psmeor,kwumeH "rmeH wHork|meme lygeH psmeypa,e ypa,m/
18/ r*yp,
r*ypa,mwd r**gF ed r*or,w
k u
meH "rmeH wHork|meme lygeH r*ypa,e ypa,m/
22

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
23
twdypa,mwd pwma&m cEm tlydaem tnrnH twd-
ypa,e ypa,m/
pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnH twdypa,e ypa,m/
MouEduaP emrlyH tnrnH twdypa,e ypa,m/
twdypa,e ypa,m/
r[mblwm Oyg'glygeH twdypa,e
ypa,m/
pum,weH puK0n
d mP"mwk,m wHor,-k
wume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/
aomwm,weH aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/
Cmem,weH Cme0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/
Zd0Sm,weH Zd0Sm0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
19/ or,w
k y p,
or,kwypa,mwd pwma&m cEm tlyad em tnrnH or,w
k -
ypa,e ypa,m/
20/ 0dy,
w
k y p,
0dy,kwypa,mwd lyad em "rm tlyeD H "rmeH 0dy,
w
k y pa,e
ypa,m/
tlyad em "rm lyeD H "rmeH 0dy,
w
k y pa,e
ypa,m/
21/ twdy p,
24
or,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/

lyg,weH puK0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/
o'g,weH aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/
azm|Am,weH um,0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/
lyg,weH o'g,weH *Em,weH &om,weH azm|Am,weH raem"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH twdypa,e ypa,m/
,H lyH edm, raem"mwk p raem0dnmP"mwk p 0wEd? wH lyH raem"mwk,m p raem0dnmP"mwk,m p wH or,kwume "rmeH
twdypa,e ypa,m/
25
22/ ewdy p,
ewdypa,mwd oreE&ed'k g pdwa pwodum "rm y#KyE m eH
pdwapwodumeH "rmeH ewdypa,e ypa,m/
23/ 0d*wyp,
0d*wypa,mwd oreE&0d*wm pdwapwodum "rm
y#KyEmeH pdwapwodumeH "rmeH 0d*wypa,e
ypa,m/
24/ t0d*wyp,
t0d*wypa,mwd pwma&m cEm tlyad em tnrnH t0d*w-
26

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
ypa,e ypa,m/
pwma&m r[mblwm tnrnH t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
MouEduaP emrlyH tnrnH t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
r[mblwm Oyg'glygeH t0d*wypa,e
ypa,m/
pum,weH puK0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
aomwm,weH aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
me "rmeH t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
Cmem,weH Cme0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
Zd0mS ,weH Zd0mS 0dnmP"mwk,m wH or,-k
wume "rmeH t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
or,w
k u
lyg,weH puK0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
o'g,weH aomw0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
azm|Am,weH um,0dnmP"mwk,m wHor,w
k u
lyg,weH o'g,weH *Em,weH &om,weH azm|Am,weH raem"mwk,m wHor,kwume "rmeH t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
,H lyH edm, raem"mwk p raem0dnmP"mwk p 0wEd? wH lyH raem"mwk,m p raem0dnmP"mwk,m p wH or,kwume "rmeH
t0d*wypa,e ypa,m/
yp,eda'aom ed|dawm/
(y|mef; 24-ypnf; tus,fNyD;\/)

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
28
yp,ka'oygVd
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
(tESpfcsKyf)
]]&Sdcdk;jcif;}}
]]aMumif;usKd; quf>yrf;?
]]jrwfy|mef;}} udk?
a[mpGrf; aphik?
oAnKw? Pocif?
bk&m;&Sifudk?
tpOfjrwfEkd;?
vufpHkrdk;vsuf?
&Sdcdk;yg\ t&Sifbk&m;}}
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
]]a[wkypa,m?
tm&rPypa,m?
t"dywdypa,m?
teE&ypa,m?
oreE&ypa,m?
o[Zmwypa,m?
tnrnypa,m?
ed,ypa,m?
Oyed,ypa,m?
yka&Zmwypa,m?
ypmZmwypa,m?
tmao0eypa,m?
urypa,m?
0dyguypa,m?
tm[m&ypa,m?
Èd,ypa,m?
psmeypa,m?
27
29
30

H
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
r*ypa,m?
or,kwypa,m?
0dy,kwypa,m?
twdypa,m?
ewdypa,m?
0d*wypa,m?
t0d*wypa,m}} wd/
ygVd teuf
a[wkypa,m
a&aomufjrpfvQif? jrufopfyifudk? pdrf;&Sif
cufrsm;? yifpnf xGm;atmif? Bu;D yGm;aprI? aus;Zl;
jyKodkY? a[wkaMumif;cH? kyfESifhemrfudk? &Sifoef
aprI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? [dwf 6-yg; ypnf;w&m;
vnf;aumif;/
32

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
31
tm&rPypa,m
awmifa0S;BudK;wef;? qGJudkifvSrf;vsuf? rpGrf;
vlrSm? x&&SmodkY? ckepfjzmrSwf? 0dnmPf"mwfwdkY?
pGJrSwfajrmf?I rSD&mrIjzifh? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? tmkH 6 yg;?
ypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
t"dywdypa,m
twljzpfjyef? kyEf iS ehf mrfu?kd {uefvrT ;f rd;k ? Bu;D pd;k
Ekdifbd? t"dywdw&m;? pdwfaprsm;\? tav;xm;
orI? tmkHjyKjyef? kyfedAmefESifh? edAmefac:kd;? tmkH
rsKd;\? BuD;pdk;orI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? t"dywdypnf;
w&m; vnf;aumif;/
teE&ypa,m
a&SUjzpfcsKyjf im;? emrfw&m;u? aemufyg;jzpfr?I
emrftpktm;? cGifhjyKtae? raoGpdw? ed,mrjzifh?
"rwpfyg;? uG,fjcm;uif;rI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? teE&
ypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
33
oreEypa,m
ed,ypa,m
a&SUaemufESpf&yf? Mum;rnyfvm? jcm;rJhom

vQif? a&SUrSmcsKyfjim;? {uefjzpfzdkY? uG,f&pforI?
aus;Zl;jyKjim;? oreE&ypn;f w&m; vnf;aumif;/
ajronf opfyif? tpOfruGm? wnf&mjzpfrI?

aus;Zl;jyKo?Ykd wpfcw
k rkH w
S ?f yHu
k m;csyv
f nf;? oyf&yf
pHpk mG ? kyyf v
kH mT \? wnf&mjzpfr?I aus;Zl;jyKo?Ykd kypf k
emrfyg? wnf&mjzpfr?I aus;Zl;jyKjim;? ed,ypn;f
w&m; vnf;aumif;/
o[Zmwypa,m
qDrD;tvif;? r,Gif;cP? NydKifwlusodkY? wuG
jzpfjyef? kyEf iS ehf mrfw?Ykd {uefpifppf? NyKd iw
f jl zpfvsu?f
wnf&pfaprI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? o[Zmwypnf;
w&m; vnf;aumif;/
tnrnypa,m
opfom;oHk;cG? csif;csif;rvsuf? wnfMuonfh
[ef? jyefveS w
f nfr?I aus;Zl;jyKjim;? tnrnypn;f
w&m; vnf;aumif;/
Oyed,ypa,m
pdwf apw&m;? ESpfyg;\ tiftm;BuD;pGm?
rS&D mjzpfr?I aus;Zl;jyKonf?h tm&rPyl ed,/xdrk S
woD;? tm;BuD;vSpGm? jcm;rJhrSmvQif? rSD&mpifppf?
aemufpw
d jf zpfr?I aus;Zl;jyKonf?h teEyl ed,/
xdkrSwjzm? tm;BuD;pGmonfh? rsm;pGmaMumif;pk?
aus;Zl;jyKonhf? yuwlyed,? oHk;0 ydkif;jcm;?
Oyed,ypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
34

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
35
yka&Zmwypa,m
urypa,m
BudKwifjzpfrI? 0wKtmkH? tvHk;pHku? jzpfwHk

aemufay? pdwfESifhaptm;? raoGwnfrI? aus;Zl;
jyKjim;? yka&Zmwypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
taMumif;uHu? usKd;zvudk? cP uGJjym;?

jzpfymG ;apbd? ememu Pdum? apwemwnf?h ruGm
tpOf? pdwfwdkif;,SOfvm? apwemu? wlpGmjzpfae?
pdwfESifhapudk? raoGajrmfI? aphaqmfrIjzifh? aus;Zl;
jyKjim;? urypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
ypmZmwypa,m
pm;csiftmom? aemufay:vmu? a&SUrSm
jzpfqdk? vif;wudk,ftm;? rNydKvJap? axmufyHhav
odkY? pdwfap2-yg;? aemufjzpfjim;vnf;? a&SUoGm;
wnfvm? kycf Em\? ruGmwnfr?I pGr;f tm;pkjzif?h
aus;Zl;jyKjim;? ypmZmw ypnf;w&m; vnf;
aumif;/
tm;xkwfrIuif;? Nidrfoufjcif;jzifh? r,Gif;

wlpmG ? 0dygum[k? ESpjf zm kyef mrf? Nird o
f uf&ef[?k
axmufcHa&SUI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? 0dyguypnf;w&m;
vnf;aumif;/
tmao0eypa,m
tm[m&ypa,m
pmayusrf;*ef? a&SUoifPfu? aemufPf

jzpfrI? aus;Zl;jyKodkY? aemufpk aZmtm;? aSUaZm
rsm;u? jzpfyGm;ap[k? xHk;rGrf;rIjzifh? aus;Zl;jyKjim;?
tmao0e ypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
MoZmac:Mu? tm[m&ESifh? z apwem?

ruGmwl,SOf? pdwf0dnmOfwdkY? tpOfruGm? oufqdkif
&m[k? ESpjf zmoifw
h ef? kyEf iS hf emrfu?kd usm;ueforI?
aus;Zl;jyKjim; tm[m&ypn;f w&m;vnf;aumif;/
36
0dyguypa,m

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
37
È,
d ypa,m
or,w
k y pa,m
puK ponf? ig;vDaÈ? pdwfaprsm;tm;?

pdk;ydkifxm;vsuf? wpfyg;ly? ZD0dwum;? urZkyf?
xde;f csKy{f uef? use
f aÈ? ESpaf xG emrfyk ?f xde;f csKyf
orI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? Èd,ypnf;w&m; vnf;
aumif;/
0wKtmkH? jzpfwHkcsKyfjim;? wl 4-yg;jzifh?

aygif;xm;orI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? or,w
k y pn;f w&m;
vnf;aumif;/
psmeypa,m
tmkHpGJruf? uyfIyg? psmeft*FgwdkY? wlpGm
jzpfjim;? kyfemrfrsm;udk? Ijim;aprI? owdpkjzifh?
aus;Zl;jyKjim;? psmeypnf; w&m;vnf;aumif;/
0dy,
w
k y pa,m
0wKtmkH? jzpfwHkcsKyfysuf? rwlcsufaMumifh?
wGzJ ufr&? kyu
f emrfu?kd emrfqkd kyt
f m;? wljzpfjim;
vnf;? uGJjym;orI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? 0dy,kwypnf;
w&m;vnf;aumif;/
twyd pa,m
r*ypa,m
aumif;qd;k w&m;? r*irf sm;u? jzpfymG ;wljyef?
kyfESifh emrfudk? {uefajrmfI? vrf;aMumif;rIjzifh?
aus;Zl;jyKjim;? r*ypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
ypyefrSm? &SdcdkufomvQif? ruGmwlbd? xifSm;

Sdjim;? usKd;w&m;udk? jzpfyGm;aprI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;?
twdypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
38

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
39
ewyd pa,m
vHk;0csKyfbd? r&SdrSom? aemufvmw&m;? pdwf
aprsm;wdkY? jzpfyGm;aprI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;? ewdypnf;
w&m; vnf;aumif;/
0d*wypa,m
csKyaf ysmufuif;uGm? jzpfaomcgrS? aemufvm
w&m;? pdwfaprsm;wdkY? jzpfyGm;aprI? aus;Zl;jyKjim;?
0d*wypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
t0d*wypa,m
xif&Sm;Sdcg? ruif;uGmbJ? jzpfvmt[kwf?
emrfEiS hf kyw
f ?Ykd rcsKyaf o;cif? pGr;f tifay;rI? aus;Zl;
jyKjim;? t0d*wypnf;w&m; vnf;aumif;/
wd? odkY/ yp,ka'ao? ypnf;w&m;?
tusOf;tm;jzifh? a[mMum;jyo? yp,ka'o/
pwk0Dowdyp,m? 24-ypnf;wdkYudk/ b*0wm?
jrwfpmG bk&m;onf/ 0kwm ? a[mawmfrt
l yfuek Nf y/D
]]t"dym,fzGifUqdkcsuf}}
1? a[wkypnf;
tusKd;w&m;rsm; cdkifNrJpGmwnf&Sdap&ef tajc
tjrpf tjzpfjzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom w&m;onf
]]a[wkypnf;}} rnf\/ (a[wk=wnf&Sd&m tajc
tjrpf/ ypa,m= tusKd;w&m;rsm;tm; jzpfap?
wnf&Sdapaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKjcif;/)
a&aomufjrpfonf opfyifudk cdkifcefYpGm
wnf&adS p\/ &Sio
f ef Bu;D xGm;ap\/ a[wkypn;f
ac: [dwf 6-yg;onfvnf; tusKd;w&m;rsm;udk
cdkifcefYpGm wnfSdap\/
[dwf 6-yg;
a[wkukd ]][dw}f }[k jrefrmrIjyK\? tusK;d w&m;
rsm;\ jzpfwnf&m taMumif;[k qdv
k \
kd / [dwo
f nf
6-rsK;d S\
d /

H
1) avmb
(vkdcsifrI? wG,fwmrI)
2) a'go
(rkef;wD;rI? tvdkrusrI)
3) arm[
(awGa0rI? trSefrodrI)
4) tavmb (pGefYvTwfrI)
5) ta'go (tusKd;vdkvm;rI)
6) tarm[ (trSefodjrifrI)
[dwf 6-yg;onf pdwf jzpfay:wwfaom
(apwoduf) w&m;rsm; jzpf\/ w&m;wdkYonf
rdrdwkdYjzpf&mpdwf xdkpdwfESifhtwl jzpfvmaom
apwoduf xkdpdwfaMumifh jzpfvmaom pdwZkyf
y#doaEjzpfcu
dk f o[dwyf #doaE uryk rf sm;tm;
tajctjrpfozG,f aus;Zl;jyK\/
ypnf; yp,kyef
(yp,= ypn;f = taMumif;w&m;) (yp,yk E =
yp,kyef= taMumif;w&m;aMumifh jzpfvmaom
w&m;? tusKd;w&m;)
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
ypnf;
41
[dwf 6-yg;
yp,kyef o[dwfpdwf 71? apwoduf 52?

o[dwfpdwZkyf?
o[dwfy#doaE urZkyf/
aus;Zl;jyKykH
[dwf 6-yg; ypnf;w&m;u qdkif&m tusdK;
w&m;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;jyKyHkudk odkYrSwftyf\/
avmb
wpfO;D wpfa,muf\pdwf vdck sirf I wG,w
f mrI
avmb jzpfaetH?h avmbjzpfonfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf
vdck sirf I taMumif;cHonfh tawG;tBurH sm;? ajymqdk
jyKvyk rf rI sm;jzpfvm\/ avmb&Sad eorQ vdck sipf w
d f
rsm;? vdck sio
f nft
h &mudk &SEd ikd &f ef ajymqdk jyKvyk rf I
rsm; &Sad ernfom jzpf\/ vdck sipf w
d rf sm; ajymqdk
jyKvkyfrIrsm; &Sifoefwnf&Sdaeatmif avmbu
a[wkowdjzifh aus;Zl;jyKxm;jcif;jzpf\/
42

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
a'go
tvkdrusjcif;? rkef;wD;jcif; a'goonf pdwf
jzpfvmtH?h a'gopdwjf zifh BupH nfjcif;? ajymqdjk yKvyk f
jcif;rsm; jzpfvm\/ a'go&SdaeorQ rdrd olwpfyg;
ysufpD;&m ysufpD;aMumif; pdwful;MuHpnfrIrsm;?
ajymqdjk yKvyk rf rI sm; wnfwjhH zpfymG ; &Sio
f efaeMu
rnfom jzpf\/
tarm[
rawGa0jcif; trSefudk odjrifjcif;? tarm[
jzpfvmtHh/ taMumif;tusdK; qifjcifodjrifjcif;
ajymqkdjyKvkyfjcif;rsm; jzpfay:&Sifoefae\/
odv
Yk Qif [dwf 6-yg;wdo
Yk nf rdrw
d u
Ykd kd tajccH
onfh pdwu
f ;l BupH nfrrI sm; (,SOzf ufpw
d af pwoduf
rsm;) ajymqdkjyKvkyfrIrsm; (pdwZkyfrsm;)udk jzpfyGm;
apNyD; &SifoefwnfwHhaeatmif aus;Zl;jyKMuay
onf/ tusdK;w&m;rsm; tajccdkifatmif? &Sifoef
wnfwHhaeatmif pGrf;aqmifEkdifaom [dwf
6-yg;\ owx
d ;l udyk if a[wkypn;f \ owx
d ;l
[k a[mawmfrljcif;jzpf\/
tavmb
wzef vdkcsifwG,fwmrI r&Sdjcif; pGefYvTwfjcif;
tavmb jzpfvmtH?h vSL'gef; ay;urf;&ef BupH nf
pdwful;jcif; ajymqdkjyKvkyfjcif;rsm; jzpfay:&Sifoef
ae\/
43
2/ tm&rPypnf;
ta'go
trke;f ryGm; arwmxm;jcif;? olwyg;tusKd ;udk
vkv
d m;jcif; ta'go jzpfvmtH/h trsm;tusK;d &S&d m
&SdaMumif; BuHpnfjcif;? ajymqdk jyKvkyfjcif;rsm;
jzpfay:&Sifoefae\/
44
tusKd;w&m;\ tm;jyKrDSwG,f&m aysmfarGU&m

tjzpfjzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom w&m;onf
]]tm&rPypnf;}} rnf\/

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
tmkH 6-rsKd;
yom'kyfrsm;wGif xifvmjcif;r&SdbJ pdwfjzifh

BuHawG;od&aom tmkHrsdK;? xl;jcm;aom Pfjzifh
om od&aom tmkHrsdK;udk "rmkH[krSwf/
pdw?f apwodurf sm;onf aysmaf rGU&m rDw

S ,
G &f m
tmkHESifhuif; rjzpfEkdifMu? tmkHwpfrsKd;rsKd;udk
rSDwG,ftm;jyKMu&rSom jzpfEkdifMu\/
pdwf\aysmfarGU&m rSDwG,f&mtmkHonf 6-rsKd;
Sd\/ 6-rsKd;rSm 1) lygkH
(tqif;)
2) o'gkH
(toH)
3) *EkH
(teHY)
4) &omkH
(t&om)
5) azm|AmkH (tawGU)
6) "rmkH
(BuHod tmkH)
wdjYk zpf\/
"rmkH[l&m rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vsm?
um, tMunfkyfrsm;? xdktMunfkyfrsm;wGif
xifvmjcif;r&Sdaom kyfrsm;? pdwftm;vHk;?
apwodwf tm;vHk;? edAmef ynwfrsm; yg0if\/
45
ypnf; yp,kyef
ypn;f
tmk6H -yg;/
yp,kyef pdwf89? apwoduf 52/
aus;Zl;jyKykH
rsupf jd zifh jrif&aom tqif;tmku
H kd rDw
S ,
G
f
jrifopd w
d rf sm; jzpfMu\/ jrifopd w
d u
f kd tqif;
tmku
H rDw
S ,
G &f m tm&rPowdj zifh aus;Zl;jyK\/
xdkYtwl em;jzifhMum;&aom toHtmkHudk
rDSwG,f Mum;odpdwfrsm; jzpfMu\/ ESmacgif;jzifh
erf;&SL&aom teHYtmkHudk rDSwG,f eHodpdwfrsm;
jzpfMu\/ vsmjzifh vsuf&aom t&om tmkHudk
46

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
47
rSDwG,f vsufodpdwfrsm; jzpfMu\/ odkYvQif

tmkH 6-rsKd;onf MuHpnfpdwful;rIac: pdwf
apwodurf sm;tm; rSw
DS ,
G &f m aysmaf rGU&mtjzpfjzifh
aus;Zl;jyKMu\/
pdwfapwoduf rSeforQtm; rDSwG,f&mtjzpf
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom tmkH 6-yg;\ pGrf;aqmifrI
owu
d ykd if tmrPypn;f \ owx
d ;l [k a[mawmf
rljcif; jzpfonf/
1) twljzpfzufw&m;rsm;wGif vTrf;rdk; BuD;pdk;

wwfaom xufoefaom qE? Bu;D rm;MuchH idk af om
0D&d,? xufjrufaom 0DrHo (ynm)? cdkifrmaom
pdw?f t"dywdw&m; 4-yg;wdo
Yk nf o[Zmwm
"dywd rnf\/
2) wG,fwmpGJruf ESpfoufp&m tmkHESifh
av;eufodrfarGU rGefjrwfaom tmkHwdkYonf
tm&rP t"dywdrnf\/
ypnf; yp,kyef
3/ t"dywdypnf;
vTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;aomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;onf t"dywdypn;f rnf\/
t"dywdypnf; 2 rsdK;
o[Zmwm"dywd
ypnf;
t"dywd 4-yg; rS wpfyg;yg;
yp,kyef om"dywdaZm 52
0dpdudpmrSwyg; apwoduf 51?
om"dywdpdwZkyf?
t"dywdypnf;onf
1) o[Zmwm "dywd
2) tm&rPm "dywd
[l 2-rsKd;Sd\/ xdkwGif -
48

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
tm&rPm"dywd
(1)
(4)
ypnf;
avmuDpdwf(a'gorl? arm[rl?
'kuo[*kwf
um,0dnmOfrSwyg;) 76?
apwoduf 47? |yEkyf 18?
yp,kyef avmbrlpdwf 8-ck? apwoduf 22?
(2)
ypnf; avmuDukodkvfpdwf 17?
yp,kyef r[mukodkvfpdwf 8?
apwodu(f 0D&wDtyrnmrSwyg;) 33?
(3)
ypnf; avmukw&mpdwf 8-edAmef
yp,kyef r[mukodkvf r[mBud,m
Por,kwfpdwf 8?
49
ypn;f edAm ef
yp,kyef avmukw&mpdwf 8-ck?
aus;Zl;jyKykH
xufoefaomqE rdrpd w
d f jzpfvmtH?h xdq
k E
onf rdrd\ pdwful; awG;awmrI rSeforQ? ajymqdk
jyKvkyfrI rSeforQudk vTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;xm;\/ xdkYtwl
BuD;rm;MuHhcdkifaom 0D&d,? xufjrufaom 0DrHo?
cdkifrmaom pdwfrsm;onf pdwful; awG;awmrI
rSeforQ? ajymqdkjyKvkyfrIrSeforQudk vTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;
xm;\/
xdjYk yif pGrJ ufp&m ESpo
f ufp&m tmkrH sm;onf
pGJrufwwfaom pdwfrsm;udk vTrf;rdk; BuD;pdk;vsuf
jzpf\/ tav;teuf xm;&rnfh tmkHrsm;onf
tav;teufxm;wwfaom pdwfrsm;udk vTrf;rdk;
BuD;pdk;vsuf jzpf\/
50

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
odkYvQif vTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;vsuf aus;Zl;jyKwwf

aom t"dywdw&m; 4-yg;ESifh pGJrufzG,f tav;
teufjyKzG,f tmkHwdkY\ pGrf;aqmifrI owdudkyif
t"dywdypnf;\ owdxl;[k rSwftyf\/
aus;Zl;jyKykH
4/ teE&ypnf;
rdrd\ tjcm;rJh tjcm;tuG,f r&SdapbJ
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf teE&
ypn;f rnf\/
ypnf; yp,kyKef
ypnf;
yp,kyKef
52
a&SUa&SUjzpfaom pdwf 89?

apwoduf 52?
aemufaemufjzpfaom pdwf 89?
apwoduf 52?
51
ow0gwdkYoEmef pdwf? apwodufwdkYonf

tmkHwpfrsKd;rsKd;udk rSDvsuf pdwfjzpfpOf(pdw0Dxd)
wpfckNyD;wpfck pOfqufrjywf jzpfay:vsuf&Sd\/
pdwe ,
d mrtwdik ;f a&SUa&SUpdwrf sm; csKyNf y;D onfEiS hf
aemufaemufpdwfrsm; qufwdkufjzpfvm\/xdkodkY
jzpf&m a&SUpdwEf iS hf aemufpw
d w
f \
Ykd tMum; w&m;
"rwpfrsK;d jcm;uG,jf cif;rS?d jcm;uG,jf cif;r&Sad pbJ
jzpfonfuykd if teE&[k qdo
k nf/ a&SUa&SUpdwjf zpf
csKyfNyD;onfESihfwpfNydKifeuf aemufaemufpdwfrsm;
udk jzpfcGifhay;jcif;tm;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKMu\/
puK'Gg&0Dxd
rsufpdESifh tqif;tmkHwdkY qHkrdMuaomtcg
vuf&pdS w
d t
f pOf\ tvGev
f sijf refraI Mumifh b0if
pdwf wpfBurd af usmv
f eG o
f mG ;\/ 0wKtmkH xdcu
kd rf I
tpGrf;aMumifh b0ifESpfBudrfjzpfum vIyfSm;NyD;
jywfawmufoGm;\/

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
xdkYaemuf tmkHtopfodkY OD;vSnfhay;aom

tm0Ze;f pdw?f tqif;tmku
H jkd rifaom puK0n
d mPf
pdwf? tmkHtopfudk vufcHaom or#dpKdif;pdwf?
pHkprf;aom oED&Ppdwf? ydkif;jcm;rSwfom;aom
0ka|mpdw?f tmko
H bm0udk od&cdS pH m;aom aZmpdwf
7-BudrfESifh xdkaZmpdwf\tmkHudk xyfrH&,laom
w'gkHpdwf 2-Budrfjzpf\/ wGif topf 0ifvm
aom tqif;tmHk\ oufwrf;onf wpfBudrf
ukeq
f ;kH oGm;\/
pojzifh a&SUa&SUpdwfrsm;u aemufaemufpdwfrsm;

tm; teE&owdjzifh aus;Zl;jyK\/
a&SUa&SUpdwo
f nf rdrcd sKyjf cif;jzifh aemufaemuf
pdwfjzpf&ef vrf;zGifhay;onf/ rdrd\ tjcm;rJY
aemufpdwf jzpfvmatmif aus;Zl;jyKay;aom
a&SUpdw\
f pGr;f aqmifro
I wx
d ;l [k a[mawmfr\
l /
0Dxyd pkH H
]]b b b y p oH wD 0k Z Z Z Z Z Z Z kH kH}}
(b=b0if? y= yO'Gg0Zef; ? p = puK0dnmPf?
oH = or#dpdif;? wD= oED&P? 0k = 0ka|m?
Z = aZm? Hk = w'gkH)
yxr b0ifpdwfonf 'kwd, b0ifpdwf
tm;? 'kw,
d b0ifpw
d o
f nf wwd, b0ifpw
d t
f m;?
wwd, b0ifpdwfonf yO'Gg&m0Zef;tm; odkY
53
5/ oreE&ypnf;
vHk;0 tjcm;tuG,fr&Sdaomtm;jzifh aus;Zl;
jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf oreE&ypn;f
rnf\/
rSwcf su/f / oreE&ypn;f onf teE&ypn;f ESihf
trnf r QomuG J "r t m;jzif h vH k ; 0wl \ /
a0ae,sZsmo,tm;jzifh 2-rsdK; cGJa[monf[k
rSw&f \/
54

H
6/ o[Zmwypnf;
twlwuGjzpfvsuf aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom
taMumif;w&m;onf o[Zmwypnf; rnf\/
qDrD;onf rdrdjzpfvmonfESifh wpfjydKifeuf
tvif;a&mifukd jzpfapouJo
h Ykd pdwf apwoduEf iS hf
kyw
f &m;rsm;onf rdrw
d jYkd zpfvmonfEiS w
hf pfjyKd ief uf
aus;Zl;jyKMu\/
ypnf; yp,kyef
ypnf;
(1) pdwf 89? apwoduf 52?

(2) r[mbkwf 4?
(3) yOa0gum& y#doaE emruEm ?
[',0wK?
yp,kyef (1) pdwf 89? apwoduf 52?

pdwZkyf? y#doaEurZkyf
(2) r[mbkwf? Oy'gkyf?
(3) ['0wK? yOa0gum&y#doaE
emruEm?
56

H
7/ tnrnypnf;
tjyeftvSef taxmuftuljzpfvsuf aus;Zl;
jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf tnrnypn;f
rnf\/
ypnf; yp,kyef
ypnf;
(1) pdwf 89?apwodwf 52?

(2) r[mbkwf 4?
(3) yOa0gum& y#doaE
emruEm? [',0wK?
yp,kyef (1) pdwf 89? apwodwf 52?

(2) r[mbkwf 4?
(3) [',0wK? yOa0gum&y#doaE
emruEm?
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
55
aus;Zl;jyKykH
pdwfwpfck jzpfvmaomtcg ,SOfzuf
apwodurf sm; twlwuG jzpfvmMu\/ twlwuG
jzpfMuaom pdwf? apwodufwdkYonf tcsif;csif;
tjyeftvSef aus;Zl;jyKMu\/ wzef xdk pdwf?
apwodufrsm;onf twlwuGjzpfMuaom pdwZ
kyf y#doaEurZkyfwdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyKMu\/
r[mbkwf 4-yg;onf rdrdwdkYtcsif;csif;ESifh
Oy'g'gkyrf sm;tm; twlwuGjzpfum aus;Zl;jyKMu
\/
yOa0gum& y#doaEemruEm ESihf [',0wK
kyfwdkYonf twlwuGjzpfvsuf tjyeftvSef
aus;Zl;jyKMu\/ odkY&mwGif [',0wKkyfonf
y#doaEtcgom twlwuGjzpfvsuf emrfw&m;
tm; aus;Zl;jyK y0wdtcgrl xdkodkY aus;Zl;
rjyKacs/
odkY twlwuGjzpfvsuf aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;rsm;\ owu
d ykd if o[Zmw
ypnf;\ owdxl;[k a[mawmfrl\/
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
57
aus;Zl;jyKykH
oHk;acsmif;axmufcHk\ ajcaxmufoHk;acsmif;
onf wuGjzpfvsuf tjyeftvSef taxmuftul
jyKMu\/ xdkYtwl pdwf apwoduf tcsif;csif;
r[mbkwf tcsif;csif; y#doaEcP emrfkyf
tcsif;csif; twlwuGjzpfum tjyeftvSef
taxmuftuljyKMu\/
odkY twlwuGjzpfaom tjyeftvSef
taxmuftuljyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;\
owdudkyif tnrnypnf;\owd[k a[mawmf
rl\/
8/ ed,ypnf;
wnf&m rSD&mtjzpfjzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom
taMumif;w&m;onf ed,ypnf; rnf\/
58

H
ed,ypnf; 2 rsdK;
ed,ypnf;onf
1) o[Zmwed,
2) yka&Zmwed,
[l 2-rsdK;Sd\/
xdkwGif twlwuGjzpfNyD; wnf&mrDS&mtjzpf
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf
o[Zmw ed, rnf\/ a&S;OD;jzpfESifhNyD; rdrd
wnfcdS u
kd rf mS wnf&mrS&D mtjzpfjzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;onf yka&Zmwed,
rnf\/
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
59
yp,kyef (1) pdwf 89? apwoduf 52?

(2) r[mbkwf? Oyg'gkyf?
(3) [',0wK? yOa0gum&
y#doaE emruEm?
(2) yka&Zmwed,
ypnf; 0wKkyf 6-yg;/
yp,kyef 0wKkyfudk rSD jzpfaom pdwf?
apwodufrsm;?
aus;Zl;jyKykH
ypnf; yp,kyef
(1) o[Zmwed,
ypnf; (1) pdwf 89? apwoduf 52?
(2) r[mbkwf 4?
(3) yOa0gum& y#doaE?
emruEm? [',0wK?
60
pdwf? apwodufESifh tcsKdUaom kyfw&m;

wdo
Yk nf twlwuG jzpfMuNy;D rdrw
d t
Ykd csi;f csi;f tm;
wnf&mrDS&m tjzpfjzifh aus;Zl;jyKMu\/ xdkYjyif
BudKwifjzpfESihf xif&Sm;&Sdaeaom 0wKkyfudk
rDw
S wfaom pdw?f apwodurf sm;tm; wnf&mrD&S m
tjzpfjzifh aus;Zl;jyKMu\/

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
61
Oyrm? urmajronf opfyifrsm;\ wnf&m

rD&S m jzpfum aus;Zl;jyKouJo
h Ykd yef;csu
D m;csyo
f nf
kyfyHkvTmrsm;\ wnf&mrDS&mjzpfum aus;Zl;jyK
ouJhodkY aus;Zl;jyKMuayonf/
odYk twlwuGjzpfay:vm vnf;aumif;?
BuKd wifjzpfEiS
hf vnf;aumif; wnf&mrD&S mtjzpf
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaomtaMumif;w&m;\ pGr;f aqmifrI
owu
d ykd if ed,ypn;f \ owx
d ;l [k a[mawmf
rlonf/
(2) teElyed,?
(3) yuwlyed, wdkYjzpf\/
xdw
k iG f pdw\
f rS&D m aysmaf rGU&mjzpf tiftm;
Mu;D rm;aom taMumif;w&m;onf tm&rPyl ed, rnf\/ tjcm;rJh tiftm;BuD;rm;aom
taMumif;w&m;onf teElyed, rnf\/
rdrdoEmef jzpfay:apNyD; rDS0J&&SdNyD; tm;BuD;aom
taMumif;w&m;onf yuwlyed, rnf\/
ypnf; yp,kyef
9/ Oyed,ypnf;
tiftm;BuD;rm;aom rDS&mtjzpf aus;Zl;
jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf Oyed,
ypnf; rnf\/
Oyed,ypnf; 3-rsKd;
Oyed,ypnf;onf 3-rsKd;&Sd\/ 3-rsdK;rSm(1) tm&rPlyed,?
(1) tm&rPlyed,
ypnf;
pGJrufzG,f ESpfoufzG,fjzpf vTrf;rdk;

BuD;pdk;Edkifaom tmkHw&m;/
yp,kyef tqdkyg tmkHw&m;udk tav;teuf
tmkHjyKaom pdwfapwodufrsm;/
62

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
(2) teElyed,
a&SUa&SUpdwfrsm;onf rsKd;wlonfjzpfap rsKd;uGJ

onfjzpfap aemufaemufpdwfrsm;\ tiftm;
BuD;rm;aom taMumif;w&m;jzpf\/
&m*paom tukodkvfw&m;? o'gpaom
ukodkvfw&m;? rdrdawGUMuHKcHpm;&aom csrf;om
qif;&J? rdrdawGUMuHKcHpm;&aom Owk&moD? tpm
tm[m&? aexdkif&m taqmufttHkpaom t&m
0wK? aygif;oif;qufqH&aom yk*dKvfwdkYonf
tiftm;Bu;D rm;aom taMumif;w&m;rsm;jzpfMu\/
odkYvQif tiftm;BuD;rm;aom rDS&mtjzpf
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;\ owu
d ykd if
Oyed,ypnf;\ owdxl;[k a[mawmfrl\/
ypnf;
a&SUa&SUjzpfaom pdwf 89?

apwoduf 52?
yp,kyef aemufaemufjzpfaom pdwf 89?
apwoduf 52?
(3) yuwlyed,
ypnf;
tiftm;BuD;rm;aom a&SUa&SUjzpfaom
pdwf 89? apwpdwf 52? ynwf?
yp,kyef aemufaemufjzpfaom pdwf 89?
apwoduf 52?
aus;Zl;jyKykH
pGJrufzG,f ESpfoufzG,f tmkHrsm;onf xdk
tmkrH sm;tay: tav;teufxm;wwfaom pdw?f
apwodurf sm;\ tiftm;Bu;D rm;aom taMumif;
w&m;jzpf\/
64
10/ yka&Zmw ypnf;

a&S;OD;BudKwifjzpfNyD; wnf&SdaepOf aus;Zl;
jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf yka&Zmw
ypnf; rnf\/
yka&Zmwypnf;onf-

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
1) tm&rP yka&Zmw
2) 0wKyka&Zmw [l 2-rsKd;&Sd\/ xdkwGif
tmkjH zpfvsuf a&S;OD;BuKd wifjzpfNy;D aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;onf tm&rP yka&Zmw
rnf\/ rDS&m0wKjzpfvsuf a&S;OD;BudKwifjzpfNyD;
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf 0wK
yka&Zmw rnf\/
aus;Zl;jyKykH
ypnf; yp,kyef
(1) tm&rP yka&Zmw
ypnf;
edyEkyf 18-[laom tmkH 6-yg;/
yp,kyef umrpdwf 54? tbdnmOf 2?
(tyrnmrSwyg;) apwoduf 50?
(2) 0wKyka&Zmw
ypnf;
0wKkyf 6-yg;?
yp,kyef 0wKkyfudk rSDjzpfaom pdwf?
apwodufrsm;
63
65
tqif;? toH? teYH? t&om? tawGUpaom

tmkHrsm;onf a&S;OD;jzpfESifhum wnf&SdaepOf xdk
tmku
H kd rDw
S ,
G jf zpfMuonfh pdw?f apwodurf sm;tm;
aus;Zl;jyKMu\/
rsufpd? em;? ESm? vQm? udk,f? [', [laom
0wKyk rf sm;onf a&S;OD;jzpfEiS Nhf y;D rdrw
d w
Ykd nf&adS epOf
aemufrSjzpfvmonfh pdwf? apwodufrsm;tm;
aus;Zl;jyKMu\/
odkYvQif a&S;OD;BudKwifjzpf wnfSdaepOf
aemufrSjzpfvmonfh pdwf? apwodufrsm;tm;
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom pGrf;aqmifrI owdudkyif
yka&Zmwypnf;\ owdxl;[k a[mawmfrl\/
11/ ypmZmwypnf;
a&S;OD;jzpfESifhum wnf&Sdaeaom w&m;udk
aemufrS jzpfvmNyD; taxmuftuljyKaom
taMumif;w&m;onf ypmZmwypnf; rnf\/
66

H
ypnf; yp,kyef
ypnf;
aemufaemufjzpfaom
tly0dyguf 4-ckrS wyg; pdwf 85?
apwoduf 52?
yp,kyef a&SUa&SUpdwfESifhtwl jzpfvmcJhaom
kyfw&m;rsm;
aus;Zl;jyKykH
arQmfvifhcsuftmomonf aemufrS jzpfvm
aomfvnf; jzpfESifhum wnf&SdNyD; udk,fum,tm;
taxmuftuljyKEikd \
f / aemufrS jzpfay:vmonfh
pdwf? apwodufrsm;onf a&S;OD;jzpfESifhum wnf&Sd
aeaom kyftaygif;wdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyK\/
odYk a&S;OD;jzpfEiS u
hf m wnf&adS eonfh w&m;
tm; aemufrSjzpfvmNyD; taxmuftul aus;Zl;
jyKaom taMumif;w&m;\ owdudkyif ypmZmw
ypnf;\ owdxl;[ka[mawmfrl\/
68
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
67
12/ tmao0eypnf;
rdr\
d tjcm;rJh jzpfaom w&m;rsm;udk tzefzef
txyfxyfjzpfapjcif;jzifh usio
hf m;&Ny;D tm;aumif;
vmap&ef pGrf;aqmifwwfaom taMumif;w&m;
onf tmao0eypnf; rnf\/
ypnf; yp,kyef
ypnf;
a&SUa&SUjzpfaom avmuDaZmpdwf 47?

apwoduf 52?
yp,kyef aemufaemufjzpfaom zdv
k af ZmrSwyg;
aZmpdwf 51? apwoduf 52?
aus;Zl;jyKykH
a&SUa&SUjzpfaom ukodkvfaZm? tukodkvf
aZm? Bud,maZmpdwfrsm;onf rdrd\ tjcm;rJh
jzpfaom aemufaemuf rsKd;wlaZmpdwfrsm;tm;
tzefzef txyfxyf jzpfapjcif;jzifh tiftm;
BuD;xGm;ap&ef aus;Zl;jyK\/ Oyrm? pmay oif,l

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
&m a&SUa&SUoif,rl u
I aemufaemufoif,rl t
I m;
vG,fulatmif aus;Zl;jyKouJhodkYwnf;/
odkYvQif rdrd\tjcm;rJh tvm;wl w&m;
rsm;udk tzefzeftxyfxyf jzpfapjcif; usio
hf m;&Ny;D
tm;&Sdatmif pGrf;aqmifEdkifaom a&SUa&SUaZmpdwf
rsm;\ owu
d ykd if tmao0e ypn;f \ owx
d ;l [k
a[mawmfrl\/
rdrdjzpfqJcP tusdK;udk rjzpfapbJ rwl

uGJjym;aomcPom tusdK;udk jzpfapwwfaom
ukodkvfapwem tukodkvf apwemuHudk
ememuPduur [kac:\/
apwem apwodufonf rdrdESifh twlwuG
jzpfMuaom pdwf? apwoduf? pdwZkyf? y#doaE
urZ&kyfwdkYtm; aus;Zl;jyK\/ odkYwuG jzpfzuf
w&m;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom apwemudk
o[Zmwur [kac:\/
13/ urypnf; 2-rsKd;

pdwf\ Asmyg&[k qdktyfaom jyKvkyfjcif;
tm;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf
urypnf; rnf\/
urypnf; 2-rsdK;
urypnf;onf
1) ememuPdu ur
2) o[Zmw ur
[l 2-rsKd;Sd\/ xdkwGif -
ypnf; yp,kyef
(1) ememuPdu ur
ypnf;
ukodkvfapwem 21?
tukodkvfapwem 12?
yp,kyef 0dygufpdwf36?apwoduf38?
urZkyf?
69
70

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
(2) o[Zmw ur
y#doaEurZkyrf sm;tm; rdr\

d Asmyg&rsKd ; jzpfay:
vsuf aus;Zl;jyK\/
odkYvQif tusdK;0dyguf pdwf? apwodufESifh
urZkyfrsm;udk jzpfay:apwwfaom uHw&m;\
vnf;aumif;? twlwuGjzpfaom pdw?f apwoduf
ESifh pdwZkyf? y#doaEyrZkyfrsm;tm; apwem
Asmyg&rsKd ; jzpfap&ef aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom apwem
apwodu\
f vnf;aumif; pGr;f aqmifro
I wu
d ykd if
urypnf;\ owdxl;[k a[mawmfrlonf/
ypnf; apwem
yp,kyef pdwf 89? apwemrSwyg;
apwoduf 51?
aus;Zl;jyKykH
ukov
kd pf w
d Ef iS ,
hf OS af om apwem? tukov
kd f
pdwfESifh,SOfaom apwem (ukodkvfuH? tukodkvf
uH) onf tusdK;0dygufpdwf apwodufrsm;?
urZkyrf sm;jzpfay:ap&ef aus;Zl;jyK\/ ukov
kd u
f ?H
tukodkvfuHonf rdrdjzpfcdkufcP tusdK;w&m;
rsm;udk rjzpfay:ap/ rdrd csKyfjidrf;jyD;aemuf rdrd
tjcm;rJhcPjzpfap? tcsdefMumjrifhjyD;rSjzpfap
tusdK;w&m;rsm;udk jzpfay:aponf/
xdkYjyif apwemapwodufonf rdrdESifh twl
wuG jzpfaompdwf apwodufrsm;? pdwZkyf
72
14/ 0dyguypnf;
tm;xkwfrIuif; jidrfoufjcif;rsdK; jzpfap&ef
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf 0dygu
ypnf; rnf\/
ypnf; yp,kyef
ypnf;
0dygufpdwf 36? apwoduf 38?
yp,kyef 0dygufpdwf 36? apwoduf 38?

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
aus;Zl;jyKykH
tm[m&ypnf; 2- rsdK;
0dygufpdwf? apwodufwdkYonf uHw&m;\

tusdK;yHk&dyfrsm;omjzpf tm;xkwfrIuif;aom
jird o
f ufjcif;jzifh jird o
f ufMu\/ 4if;wdo
Yk nf rdrw
d Ykd
tcsif;csif;ESifh pdwZkyf? y#doaEurkyfrsm;tm;
tm;xkwrf u
I if; jird o
f ufjcif;&Sad p&ef aus;Zl;jyKMu
\/
odkYvQif tm;xkwfrIuif; jidrfoufjcif;
jzpfap&ef aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom 0dygufpdwf?
apwodufwdkY\ pGrf;aqmifrIowdudkyif 0dygu
ypnf;\ owdxl;[k a[mawmfrl\/
15/ tm[m&ypnf;
oufqdkif&m tudsK;w&m;rsm;udk vGefpGm
pGr;f aqmifEikd af om taMumif;w&m;onf tm[m&
ypnf; rnf\/
71
73
tm[m&ypnf;onf
1) kyt
f m[m&
2) emrftm[m&
[l 2-rsdK;&Sd\/ xdkwGiftZswoEmef jzpfaom taMumif;w&m;
4-yg;aMumifhjzpfaom MoZmonf kyftm[m&
rnf\/ 4if; MoZmkyfonf tpmtm[m&rsm;
wnf&\
dS / MoZm\wnf&m tpmtm[m&udk twH;k
tcJ tvkyftavGUjyK pm;rsdKtyfaomaMumifh
uAVDum& tm[m&[k ac:\/
emrftm[m&onf z? apwem? 0dnmOf
[l 3- rsKd ;&S\
d / kyt
f m[m& 1-yg;? emrftm[m&
3-yg;&So
d jzifh tm[m& 4-yg; &So
d nf[k rSw&f m\/
74

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
ypnf; yp,kyef
apwemonf y#doaEudk jzpfay:ap&ef

pGrf;aqmifvsuf aus;Zl;jyK\/
0dnmOfonf emrfkyf wdk;wufjzpfyGm;ap&ef
pGrf;aqmifvsuf aus;Zl;jyK\/
odkYvQif kyfcEm\ wnfwHhzGHUxGm;rIudk
pGrf;aqmifaom MoZm\owd? a0'emudk jzpfay:
wwfaom z\owd? y#doaEusdK;udk jzpfap
wwfaom apwem\owd? emrfkyfrsm; wdk;wuf
jzpfymG ;ap&ef pGr;f aqmifwwfaom 0dnmOf\owd
udyk if tm[m&ypn;f \ owx
d ;l [ka[mawmfr\
l /
(1) kyftm[m&ypnf;
ypn;f
MoZm
yp,kyef tm[m&aMumifh jzpfaom kyfrsm;?
wenf; taMumif; 4-yg;aMumifh
jzpfaom kyfrsm;
(2) emrftm[m&ypnf;
ypnf; z? apwem? 0dnmOf?
yp,kyef pdwf? apwoduf? pdwZkyf?
y#doaEurZkyf?
75
16/ NEd,ypnf;
aus;Zl;jyKykH
uAVDum&tm[m&ac: MoZmkyo
f nf ouf&dS
ow0grsm;\ ud,
k u
f m, &SnMf umpGm wnf&zdS UHG xGm;
atmif pGrf;aqmifvsuf aus;Zl;jyK\/
z tm[m&onf cHpm;rIa0'em jzpfay:
atmif pGrf;aqmifvsuf aus;Zl;jyK\/
76
rdrq
d ikd &f mudp tpd;k w& csKyu
f ikd t
f yk pf ;kd vsuf
aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;onf NE,
d
ypnf; rnf\/

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
NEd,ypnf; 3 -rsdK;
ypnf; yp,kyef
NEd,ypnf;onf(1) o[Zmw NEd,

(2) yka&Zmw NEd,
(3)lyZD0dw NEd,
[l 3 rsdK;&Sd\/ xdkwGiftwlwuGjzpfvsuf Mu;D pd;k um aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;onf o[Zmw NEd,
rnf\/
a&S;OD;jzpfESifhum MuD;pdk;vsuf aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;onf yka&Zmw NEd,
rnf\/
urZkyfrsm;udk MuD;pdk;vsuf aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;onf lyZD0dw NEd,
rnf\/
(1) o[Zmw NEd,

ypnf;
ZD0dw? pdwf? a0'em? o'g? 0D&d,?
owd? {u*wm? ynm [laom
emrfajEw&m;udk,f 8 yg;
yp,kyef pdwf 89? apwoduf 52?
pdwZkyf y#doaEurZkyf?
(2) yka&Zmw NEd,
ypnf;
puK? aomw? Cme? Zd0Sg? um,
0wKkyf 5-yg;
yp,kyef a'GyO0dPf 10? oApdw
om"m&P apwoduf 7- ck?
(3) lyZD0dwdNEd,
ypnf;
kyfZD0dw
yp,kyef kyfZD0dwrSwyg;aom
uvmyfwl urZkyf 9-ck
77
78

H
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
aus;Zl;jyKykH
apwodurf sm;udMk u;D pd;k \/ um,dajE( ud,

k t
f Munf
kyf) onf xdawGUrIudp xdodpdwf apwoduf
rsm;udk MuD;pdk;\/
kyZf 0D w
d ad jEo
nf apmifx
h ed ;f rIupd urZkyf
(u#wmkyf)rsm;udk MuD;pdk;\/
odv
Yk Qif rdrq
d ikd &f mudp tpd;k w& csKyu
f idk f
tkypf ;kd vQuf aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom taMumif;w&m;
rsm;\ pGrf;aqmifrIowdudkyif NEd, ypnf;\
owdxl;[k a[mawmfrl\/
emrfZD0dw? pdwf? a0'em? o'g? 0D&d,? owd?

{u*wm? ynm [laom emrfydkif;qdkif&m ajE
w&m;rsm;onf qdkif&mudptoD;oD; twlwuG
jzpfaom emrfyk w
f &m;rsm;tm; Mu;D pd;k vsuf aus;Zl;
jyK\/
puKajEac: rsufpdtMunfkyfonf jrifod
pdwf? apwoduf w&m;rsm;tm; jrifrIudp MuD;pdk;
vsuf aus;Zl;jyK\/ xif&mS ;aptH?h rsupf t
d Munfyk f
tm;aumif;vQif jrifodpdwf tm;aumif;\/
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apwodufwdkYudk pdk;ydkifcsKyfudkifxm;yHkjzpf\/
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Mum;rIudp Mum;odpdwf? apwodufrsm;udk MuD;pdk;
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udp eHodpdwf? apwodufrsm;udk MuD;pdk;\/ZD0SdaNE
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80
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tmHkudk pl;pdkufIvsuf aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom
taMumif;w&m;onf psmeypnf; rnf\/
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y#doaEurZkyf
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rsm;tm; tmHkudk pl;pdkufIapvsuf aus;Zl;jyK\/
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psmefw&m;udkom psmeypa,m [k a[monf
r[kw?f tukov
kd pf w
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hf OS af om 0dwuf ponf
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k f aI pvsuf aus;Zl;jyKwwf
aom taMumif;w&m;\ pGrf;aqmifrIowdudkyif
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79
y|mef;jrwfa'oem
81
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ypnf; yp,kyef
ypnf;
ynm? 0dwuf? 0d&wD 3-ck?

0D&d,? owd? {u*wm? 'd|d [k
qdktyfaom r*ifw&m;udk,f9-yg;
o[dwfpdwf 71? apwoduf 52
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82

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rsm;onf tcsi;f csi;f tjyeftvSef ,SOw

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20/ 0dy,kwypnf;
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aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom
taMumif;w&m;onf
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aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom
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85
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w&m;onf twdypnf; rnf\/
86

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(2) yka&Zmw twd
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88
87
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aus;Zl;jyKykH
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aus;Zl;jyKwwfaomtaMumif;w&m;\ pGr;f aqmifrI
owdudkyif ewdowd[k a[mawmfrlonf/
23/ 0d*wypnf;
22/ ewdypnf;
rdrdr&SdonfhaemufrSom aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom
taMumif;w&m;onf ewdypnf;rnf\/
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yp,kyef wl\/
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jyK\/
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taMumif;w&m;onf 0d*wypnf; rnf\/
0d*wypnf;onf ewdypnf;ESifh vHk;0wl\/
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aom taMumif;w&m;onf t0d*wypn;f rnf\/
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90

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a&;om;tyfaom y|mef; 24-ypnf; aus;Zl;jyKyHk

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92

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93

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