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WCDMA RAN4 Radio Network Features and Algorithms Training Il
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Contents
Contents
1 WCDMA RAN4 Admission Control Algorithm and Parameters 2 WCDMA RAN4 Load Congestion Control Algorithm and Parameters
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WCDMA Admission Control Algoritiim and Parameters
WCDMARANI4 Admsson Control Algorithm and Parameters
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WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and Parameters
Foreword
The WCDMA system is a seif-interfering system, so the capacity, coverage, and QoS are mutualiy affected The target of bad control is to maximize the system capacity while ensuring coverage and QoS, and provicie differentiated services for users
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The WCDMA system is a seif-interfering system. As the bad of the system increases, the interference rises. A relativeiy high interference can affect the coverage of celis and QoS of established services. Therefore, the capacity, coverage, and QoS of the WCDMA system are mutually affected. To solve these problems, the bad control function is introduced that controbs the bad in a celi. Load control aims to maximize the system capacity while ensuring coverage and QoS by controlling the key resources, such as power, downlink channelization codes, channel elements (CEs), and Iub transmission resource, which directly affect user experience. Each ceM has its own set of bad control functions that are responsible for monitoring and controlling the resources of the ceil. The bad control functions monitor the bad condition of the ceil through bad measurement, make the admission decision for services through intelligent access control and cali admission control, and relieve congestion in a celi
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References
3GPP TS 25.133: Requirements for Support of Radlo Resource Management (FDD) 3GPP TS 25.215: Physica[ Layer Measurements (FDD)
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3GPP TS 25.304: UE Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Ceil Reselection in Connected Mode 3GPP TS 25.321: Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol Specification
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3GPP TS 25.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC)
3GPP TS 25.413: UTRAN lu nterface RANAP Signallrg
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Objectives
Upon completion of ths course, you wili be able to: Dutline the principle of bad control Describe the reallzation method of Cali Admission Control Describe the realization method of lnteiligentAccess Control
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Perform the para meter adjstment of Gali Admission Control Perform the parameter adjustment of Inteiligent Access Control
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Contents
1. Load Control Overview 1.1 Load Controt Agorfthms Overview 1.2 Load Measurement 1.3 Prioritles lnvolved in Load Control
WCDMA Admisson Control Agorithm and Parameters
Load Definition
Load: the occupancy of capacity Two kinds of capacity in WCDMA system: Hard capacity:
a
Ceti DL OVSF code Iub transport resource
NodeG processing capabllity (NodeB credit) Soft capacity: Celi power (UL and DL)
WCDMA network bad can be defined by four factors: Power, incldes DL transmitting power of ceil and increased UL interference
(RTWP)
DL OVSF code of a celi. DL and UL NodeB processing capabWty which is defined by NodeB credit. lub transmission bandwidth of a NodeB. alsa effected The power resource is related to the mobility, distribution of the UE and service by the radio conditions. Therefore, for a fixed power resource, the numbers of be supported is not a fix result. We believe the UL and DL power resources are
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WCDMA Admission Control Algor[thm and Parameters
Load Control Agorithms

The bad control algorithms are applied to the different UE access phases as folbows:
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CAC: Cali Admission Control LDR: Load Reshuffling
IAC: bntelligent Access Control
OLC: Overbcad Control
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in addition, functionai bad control algorithms vary depending on the bad leveis of the ceil, as shown in the folbowing figure:
NodeB TX power (noise) Icons for different bad eveis
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Celi bad (number of subscribers)

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Start OLC: check and relieve overload congestion in ceHs

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Start IAC: increase the access rate in cells with heavy bad by some actions while ensuring the Q0S Load control is unneeded Start LDR: check and relieve basic congestion in celis
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WCDMA Admssion Control Algorithm and Parameters
Load Control Algorithms (ConL)

Resources considered by different oad control atgorithms:
Load Control Algorithm Resources NodeR Credits
Power
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Code
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Jub Bandwidth
IAC 1 CAC LDR q OLC : not considered; J: considered
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Contents
1. Load Control Overview 1.1 Load Control Algorithms Overview 1.2 Load Measurement 1,3 Prioritles Involved in Load Controt
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Load Measurement
Load control function in the WCDMA system:
Load contro aorithrn
UE
Node8
RNC
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The oad control functions, such as OLC and CAC, use bad measurement values in the uplink and the downlink. A common Load Measurement (LDM) function is used to control boad measurement in the uplink and the downbink separately. Load control is impbemented in the RNC after obtaining measurement reports from the
NodeBs.
The bad control functions are described as folbows:
CAC: The function of CAC is to decide whether to accept resource requests from UEs, such as access, reconfiguration, and handover requests, depending on the resource status of the ceil. IAC: The function of IAC is to increase the access success rate with the current QoS guaranteed through rate negotiation, queuing, preemption, and directed retry decision (DRD).
LDR: The function of LDR is to reduce the ceil bad when the celi enters the basic congestion state. OLC: The function of OLC is to reduce the celi bad rapidiy when the cebb is
overboaded.
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WCDMA Admission Contro Algorithm and Parameters
Load Measurement Quantities

The major oad-reIated measurement quantities are as follows:
o Upnk Received Total Wideband Power

(RTWP)
Downbnk Transmitted Carrier Power (TCP) Non-HSPA power: TCP excluding the power used for transmission on HSPA channels Provided Bit Rate (PBR) on HS-DSCH.
Power Requirement for GBR (GBP) on HS-DSCH PBR on E-DCH
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WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and
Parameters
Load Measurement Quantities (ConL)

Received Scheduled E-DCH Power Share (RSEPS): power of the E DCH scheduling service in the serving ceil UpIink total bad: sum ot R99 service bad, HSUPA service bad, and control channel bad
Uplink miriimum guaranteed bad: sum of R99 service boad, HSUPA service bad required by the HSUPA GBR, and control channeb bad. The HSUPA G8R is calculated as foltows:
If the function uplink enhanced L2 is disabled, GBR PDU, GBR).
max (bit rate of one RLC
If the function uptnk enhanced L2 is enabled, G8R smaliest RLC PDU, GaR).
max (bit rate of the
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The NodeB measures the major quantities related to bad control. After bayer 1 and tayer 3 fittering, the rneasurement values are reported to the RNC through the COMMON MEASUREMENT REPORT message. The RNC performs smooth filtering of the measurement values reported from the NodeB and then obtains the measurement values, which further serve as data input for the bad control algorithms. The RNC catcubates the actual upbink bad based on the RTWP, uplink total bad, and upbink minimum guaranteed bad. The actual upiink bad is one of the factors for the upbink boad-related abgorithms. t eb

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Repting Period
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The Node8 periodicafly reports each rneasurement quantity to the RNC. The foUowing table Iists the reporting period parameters for settng different measurement quantities:
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RTWP RSEPS. TCP Nor-HSDPA power Uplfnk tata bad
ctoceRprtunitForuiBasicMeas TenMsecForUl8asicMeas MinFarUiBasicMeas coiceRprtunitForoBasicMeas TenMsecForDlBasicMeas MinForDlBaslcMeas
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Set the above parameters through SET ULDM.
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Reporting Period (ConL)
GBP
ChoiceRprtUnitForHsdpaPwrMeas TenMsecForHsdpaPwrMeas MinForHsdpaPwrMeas ChoceRprtUnitForHsdpaRateMeas TenMsecForHsdpaPMdRaieMeas MinForHdpaPrvidRateMeas ChoiceRprfUnitForHsupaRateMes TenMsecForHsupaPridRateMeas MinForHsupaPrvidRateMeas
HS4JSCH PBR
EDCH PBR
Set the above parameters through SET ULDM.
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Contents
1. Load Control Overview 1.1 Load Control Algorithms Overview 1.2 Load Measurement 1.3 Priorities Involved in Load Control
WCDMAAdmission Control Algorithm and Parameters
Priority
The QoS of the services or users with 10w priority wiil be affected by the bad control algorithms first Three kinds of priorities involved in bad control: /
.
User priority
RAB integrated priority User integrated priority
User priority: mafnly applying to provide different QoS for different users. Eg., setting different GBR according to the user priority for BE service. No consideration about the service. user RAB integrated priority: priority of a service, related to the service type, and the priority of the user. User integrated priority: only used for mubti-RAB user, it is a temporary priority of an ongoing-service user.
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WCDMA Admission Control Aigorithm and Parameters
User Priority
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There are three leveis of user priority: gold (high priority), silver (middle priority) and copper (10w priority) users
liser prorty God
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Copper
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in CN HLR, operator can set ARP (Allocation Retention Priority). During service setup, CN sends ARP to RNC. Based on the mapping relation (configured in RNC), RNC can identify the users priority, nameiy gold, silver or copper one. El
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allocatonrRetentonProrly prorlyLevel flxc (1 2)

pre ernptonCpablty ghali-not trgger pre-empton (0)
pre emptonvulnerablty not-pre emptable (0) queungAilowed queueng allowed (1)
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Parameters
User Priority (ConL)

The mapping relation between user priority and ARP is configured in RNC by SET UUSERPRIORITY Typical relation between user priority and ARP:
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ARP User Prorty
2 GoId
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3 GoId
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4 Gaid
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5 GoId
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6 Silver
14
7 Siiver 15
8 Silver
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Si!ver Silver Copper Copper Copper Copper Copper
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User priorities are adopteci ta provide differentiated services for users. For ease of
appiication, the RNC naps the 15 leveis of Allocation/Retention Priority (ARP) that is
carried in the RAB ASSGNMENT REQUEST message frorn the core network (CN) onto three user prioritles, that is, gold (high priority), silver (mediurn priority), and copper (10w priority). The relation between user priority and ARP can be set through
SET UUSERPRIORITY cornmand.
IfARP is not received in messages from the lu interface, the user priority is regarded O E J as copper.
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RAB Integrated Priority

RAB integrated priority is mainiy used in bad control algorithms RAB integrated priority are set according to ARP
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Class
Traffic Handiing Priorfty (THP, oniy for interactive services) Carrier types: HSPA or DCH
The values of RAB integrated priority are set according to the integrated priority configuration reference parameter (Pr!or!tyReference):
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If PriorityReference i set to ARP, the integrated priority abides by the following rules: ARP: ARP
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ARP2
>
ARP3>
>
ARPI4 >ARP5
Services of the same ARP: priority based on traffic ciasses, that is, conversational > streaming> interactive > background OnIy for the interactive service of the same ARP value: priority based on Traffc Handiing Priority (THP), that is, THPI > THP2 > THP3> > THPI4 > THPI5 Services of the same ARP, traffic class and THP (oniy for interactive services): HSPA or DCH service preferred depending on CarrierTypePriorlnd. If PriorityReference is setto Traffic Class, the integrated priority abides by the following rules: Traffic ciasses: conversational
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streaming> interactive
>
background
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Services of the same traffic class: priority based on ARP, that is, ARPI ARP2 > ARP3> > ARP4 > ARP5
Oniy for the interactive service of the same ARP: priority based on Traffc Handling Priority (THP) that is carried in the RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message, that is, THPI > THP2 > THP3> > THP4> THP5 Services of the same traffic class, ARP and THP (only for interactive services): High Speed PacketAccess (HSPA) or Dedicated Channel (DCH) service preferred depending on CarrierTypePriorlnd.
An Example for RAB Integrated Priority

Based on ARP, HSPA priority is higher
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Services attribution in the ceM B A C A B C D 1 1 2 2 Interactive Interactive Conversational Background DCH HSDPA DCH DCI-1 C 0 A D D 1 1
4 I? Interaciive Interactive Conversational Background HSDPA DCH DCH DCH
2 2
Based on Traftic Class, HSPApriority is higher
Conversational Interactive Intoractive Backgrcund
2 1 t 2
DCH HSDPA DCH DCH
This example shows the RAB integrated priority calculation in 2 different conditions.
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User Integrated Priority

leBjer, the user integrated priority is the same
as the RAB integrated priorfty
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For multiple-RAB user, the user integrated priority is based

on the highest priority of RAB
A user may have muftiple RABs, and the RABs may have different prioritles. in this case, the highest priority is taken as the priority of this user. Such a priority is called user integrated priority. User integrated priority is used in user-specific bad cortrol. For example, the selection of R99 users during preemption, the selection of users during inter-frequency bad handover for LDR, and the sebection of users during switching of BE services to common channebs are performed according to the user
integrated priority.
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WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and Param eters
Parameters of Pririty
PriorityReference
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Parameter name: lntegrate Priority Configured Reference Reommended value: ARP
CarrierTypePriorlncl
Parameter name: Indicator of Carrier Type Priority Recommended vaue; NONE
PriorityReference in the o Content: Reference used to determine which priority is arranged first is gold> ce sequen priority priority sequence. If the ARP is preferabiy used, the the and silver> copper. if the ARPs are alI the same, the TrafficCiass is used priority sequence is conversational > streaming> interactive> background. If the TrafficClass is preferabiy used, the priority sequence is conversationai> streaming> interactive > background. If the TrafficClass factors are ali the same, the ARP factor is used and the priority sequence is gold > silver> copper. Value range: ARP, TrafficClass Physica( value range: ARP, TrafficCiass
CarrierTypePrior!nd Content: Decide which carrier is prior when ARP and TrafficCiass are both identical. o Value range: NONE, DCH, HSPA Physical value range: NONE, DCH, HSPA
Set these parameters through SET UUSERPRIORITY.
WCDMA Admission Control Aigorithm and Parameters
Contents
1. Load Control Overvew 2. CAC Algorithm and Parameters 3. IAC Algorithm and Parameters
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Contents
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2. CAC (Cali Admissibn Control)
2.1 CAC Overview 2,2 CAC Based on Code Resource 2.3 CAC Based on Power Resouroe 2.4 CAC Based on NodeB Credit Resource
25 CAC Based on Iub Resource .6 CAC Based on the Number of HSPA Users
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Why We Need CAC?

WCDMA is an interference limited system, after a new service is admitted, the system bad wiil be increased If a celi is high Ioaded, a new service wili affect the QoS of ongoing user, even result in cail drop CAC is used to determine whether the system resources are sufficient to accept a new users access request or not
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CAC is needed under such scenarios: RRC connection setup request

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RAB admission decision
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Handover
Rate reconfiguration
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The admission decision is based on: Available ceW code resource Available ceil power resource NodeB credits, which are used to measure the channel demodulation capability of NodeBs Available Iub transmission bandwidth Number of HSDPA users (onty for HSDPA services) Number of HSUPA users (oniy for HSUPA services) A cail can be admitted oniy when ali of these resources are available.
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HSPA Admission Cntrol

HSPA adrnission control enables the HSDPA service along with other R99 services to acces the network HSDPA acimission control based on:
The number of HSDPA users Iubresorce
HSUPA admission control basedon:

The number of HSUPA users Iubresource NodeB redit resources
HSDPA admission control is described in this document, along with R99 admission control. Code resource-based admission is mandatory when a non-HSDPA service attempts to access the network.
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WCDMA Admission Controt ATgorithm and Pararneters
CAC Aigorithm Switches

Power CAC
Uplink CAC agorithm switch: ALGORITHMSECOND
Downlirk CAC algorithm switch: ALGORITHM_FIRST
NodeB credit CAC

CAC algorithrn switch: ON Ceil CAC algorithm switch-CRD_ADCTRL: ON
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HSDPA user number CAG

o Celi CAC algorithm switch-HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL: 0FF
HSUPA user number CAC

Ceil CAC algorithm switch-HSUPAUU_ADCTRL: 0FF
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disabled. Other Code and lub resource-based admission control are mandatory and can not be nd: admission control strategies may be enabled/disabled through the RNC comma The switch of power CAC can be set by ADD UCELLALGOSWTCH/ MOD
UCELLALGOSWITCH: used Uplink CAC algorithrn switch (NBMU!CacA!goSeSwitch) selects the a(gorithm for power admission in the upink. Downllnk CAC afgorithm switch (NBMD!CacA!goSe!Sw!tch) seects the algorithm used for power admission in the downlink. and Q The switch of NodeB credit CAC can be set by SET UCACALGOSWITCH UCELLALGOSWITCH/ MOD UCELLALGOSWITCI-1: NodeB CAC algorithm switch (CacSwitct) specifies whether to enabe or disable the tevel credit CAC algorithm. the Ceil CAC algorithm switch (CRD_ADCTRL) specifles whether to enable er disable ceti evet credit CAC algorithm. MOD The switch of HSDPA user number CAC can be set by ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH/ UCELLALGOSWITCH: r to enable or o Ceit CAC algorithm switch (HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL) specifies whethe disabte the HSDPA user number admission controt atgorithm. OSWITCH/ MOD e The switch of HSUPA user number CAC can be set by ADD UCELLALG UCELLALGOSWITCH: r to enabte er o Ceit CAC atgorithm switch (HSUPA_UU_ADCTRL) specifies whethe ciisable the HSUPA user number admission control atgorithm.
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WCDMA Admission Controi Algorithm and Parameters
J Contents
2. CAC (Cali Acimission Control) 2.1 CAC Overview
2.2 CAC Based on Code Resource
2.3 CAC Based on Power Resource

2.4 CAC Based on NodeB redit Resource 1.5 CAC Based on ub Resource 2,6 CAC Based on the Nurnber of HSPA Users
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WCDMA Admisson Control Algorthm and Parameters
CAC Based on Code Resource n
Code resource CAC is involved in: RRC connection setup Handover R99 services setup
RRC connection setup and handover have higher priority
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ts Code resource-based admssion is mandatory when a non-HSDPA service attemp to access the network. s. For HSDPA services, the reserved codes are shared by ali HSDPA service Therefore, the code resource-based admission is not required.
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WCDMA Admssion Control Algorithrr and Parameters
Code CAC for RRC Connection Setup

If the RRCCoCodeCacChoice parameter is set to
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LOOSE_CAC:
Code resource-based admission succeeds if the remaining
code resources are sufficient for setting up an RRC connection.
If the RRCCeCocfeCacChoice parameter is set to
STRICTCAC:
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The RNC imptements code resource-based admission based on the cause carried in the RRC connection setup request.
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If the cause i Emergency Cail or Detach, code resource-based admission succeeds if the remaining code resources are sufficient. For any other cause, the RNC must ensure that the remaining codes (the remaining minimum SF of the current celi) do not exceed the reserved minimum spreadirg factor (SF) for an RRC connection upon admitting an RRC connection setup request. The reserved minirnum SF is specifled by the DlRRCCeCodeResvSfparameter.
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Code CAC for Handover

For handover service requests, code. resource-based admission succeeds if the remaining code resources are
sufficient for the service to be admitted.
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WCDMA Admission Control Aigorfthm and Parameters
Code CAC for P8 /08 Service (Non-AMR Service)

For PS serviceslCS service (non-AMR service) requests:
The RNC must ensure that the remaining codes <the remaining minimum SF of the current ceil) upon admitting a new service do not exceed the threshoid.
it is
specifled by the DlHoCeCodeResvSf parameter.
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WCDMA Admssion Contro) Algorithm and Parameters
Code CAC for AMR Service

For AMR service requests
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If the CSRABCacOptSwitch parameter is set ta 0FF The RNC must ensure that the remaining codes (the remaining minimum SF of the current ceil) upon admitting a new service da not exceed the threshold specified by the DlHoCeCodeResvSf para meter.
tf the CSRABCacOptSwitch parameter is set ta ON,

Code resourcebased admission succeeds if the remaining code resources ara sufficient for the service to be admitted
Parameter of CAC Based on Code Resource

RRCCeCodeCacChoice
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Parameter name: Credit and Code CAC Choice for RRC
Recommended value: LOOSE_CAC
CSRABCacOptSwitch
Parameter name: CS RAB Setup Resource Allocation Switch Recommended value: 0FF
RRCCeCodeCacChoice
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Content: RRC connection admission control (CAC) mode. When this parameter is set to LOOSE_CAC, the original RRC admission threshold remains unchanged. When this parameter is set to STRICT_CAC, the RRC admission threshold equals the RAB admission threshold plus the RRC admission threshold offset for the corresponding service.
Value range: LOOSE_CAC, STRICT_CAC Content: Whether resource allocation is optimized during CS RAB setups. When this parameter is set to ON, the RNC allocates power resources, code resources, channel element (CE) resources during CS RAB setups based on the loose CAC algorithm. This setting increases the CS service setup success rate. When this parameter is set to 0FF, the RNC does not allocate resources during CS RAB setups based on the loose CAC algorithm. Value range: 0FF, ON
CSRABCacOptSwitch
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Set this parameter through ADD UCELLALGOSWITCHMOD UCELLALGOSWITCH
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WCDMA Admission Control Agorithm and arameters
Parameter of CAC Based on Code Resource (ConL)

D!HoCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL handover credit and code reserved SF Recommended value: SF32
D!HoCeCodeResvSf
Content: Some cefl resources can be reserved for handover UEs to guarantee handover success rate and improve access priorfty of handover services. This parameter defines the quantity of downlink code and CE resources reserved for handover. SFOFF refers to that no resources is reserved. SF32 refers to that a code resource with SF 32 and its corresponding credit resource are reserved. The backer position the value is in {SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF}, the Iess code and credit resources reserved for handover UEs. The possibility of rejecting handover UE admissions increases and performance of UEs cannot be guaranteed. The more frontal position the vaue is, the more the possibiity of rejecting new UEs is and some idle resources are wasted. Value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF Physical value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF Set this parameter through ADD UCELLCACI MOD UCELLCAC.
WCDMA Admfssion Control Algorithm and Parameters
Content
2. CAC (Cail Admission Control)
2.1 CAC Overview
22 CAC Based on Code Resource

2.3 CAC Based. on Power Resource 2.4 CAC Based on NodeB Credt Resource 15 CAC Basedon Iub Resource 2.6 CAC Based on the Number of HSPA Users
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CAC Based on Power Resource

Power resource CAC is invoived in: RRC connection setup Handover Services setup RRC connection setup and handover have higher priority
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L The power CAC involves uplink admission control and downink adrnission contro The corresponding adrnission control switches NBMU!CacAlgoSelSwitch or NBMDICacA!goSeSwitch are independent of each other. To enable power-based admission control for HSDPA or HSUPA services, select HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL or HSUPA_UUADCTRL under the NBMCacAIgoSwitch parameter.
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Power CAC Procedure
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For an intra-frequency handover request, oniy a downlink admission decision is required. For a non-intra-frequency handover request, both uplink and downlink decisions are required. If there is a rate downsizing request, the RNC accepts it directly. For a rate upsizing request, both uplink and downlink admission control are required.
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Power CAC Algorithms

Algorithm 1: based on the ceil power bad and the expected
Ioadincrease
A!gorithm 2: based on Equivabent Number of User (ENU)
celi power bad Algorithm 1 (ALGORTHM FRST): admission control based on the and the expected bad increase caused by a new service r the Depending on the current cebi power bad, the RNC determines whethe the ceM ceM bad wibi exceed the threshobd upon admitting the new service. f Otherwise, boad exceeds the threshobd, the RNC rejects the access request. the RNC admits the service. the equivalent Algorithm 2 (ALGORTHM SECOND): admission control based on number of users (ENU) Depending on the current ENU bad and the access request, the RNC D ing the new determines whether the ENU wilb exceed the threshold upon admitt service. bf the ENU exceeds the threshold, the RNC rejects the access request. Otherwise, the RNC admits the service.
Permission
L
WCDMAAdmission Contro Algorithm and Parameters
Power CAC Algorithms (Cont.)

A!gorithm 3: admission control without considering bad
increase
[ [ [ f t: t:
Algorithm 4: based on the uplink actual power bad and the

expected boad increase
Algorithm 3 (ALGORITHM_THIRD): admission control without considering bad increase caused by a new service This algorithm assumes that the bad increase caused by the new service is 0. Based on the current ceM power bad, the RNC determines whether the ceil bad wili exceed the threshold. If the ceM bad exceeds the threshobd, the RNC rejects the access request. Otherwise, the RNC admits the service. Algorithm 4 (ALGORITHM_FOURTH): admission control based on the uplink actual power bad and the expected bad increase caused by a new service. Depending on the current uplink actual power bad, the RNC determines whether the cebb bad wiil exceed the threshobd after admitting the new service. If the ceM bad exceeds the threshold, the RNC rejects the access request. Otherwise, the RNC accepts the service. Algorithm 4 applies onby to admission controb in the uplink. Admission control in the down link can use oniy algorithm 1, 2, or 3.
-
r
L
E 1-:
[
[
Power CAC for RRC Connection Setup

The RNC performs loose or strict admssion control on RRC connecton setup requests.
The RRCCacChoice parameter specifies whether to use loose or strict admission controt.
--
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HUAWEI
RRCCacChoice
Parameter Name: Power CAC Choice for RRC Content: RRC connection admission control (CAC) mode. When this parameter is set to LOOSE_CAC, RRC connection admission adopts a loose adrnission threshold. When this parameter is set to STRICT_CAC, the RRC admission threshold equa!s the RAB admission thresho!d plus the RRC
admission threshotd offset for the corresponding service. Value range: LOOSE_CAC, STRICT_CAC
Recommended Value: LOOSE_CAC
Set this
parameter through ADD UCELLALGOSWITCHIMOD UCELLALGOSWITCH.

-rtJ
1.C lc.o OL
CLI
Cffe
L 1
L<
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permiss ion
E
WCDMA Admission Control AIgorthm and
Pararneters
Power CAC for RRC Connection
Setup (ConL)
Loose Admission Control
If an RRC connection setup request comes from emergency
calis, detachments, or registrations, the RRC connection is set up directly. if an RRC connection setup request comes from other services, admission control is performed base on UL_UU_OLC or DL_UU_OLC parameters value.
E E
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When UL_UU_OLC or DL_UU_OLC under the NBMLdcAIgoSwitch parameter is setto 1, If the ceil is overioaded, the RRC connection setup request is rejected. If the ceil is not overloaded, the uptink or downlink OLC triggering threshold (UIO!cTrigThd or DIOcTrigThd) is used for admission control. When UL_UU_OLC or DL_UU_OLC is set to 0, the uplink or downlink OLC triggering threshold (UIOIcTrigThdor D!OIcTrigThcI) is used for admission control. 5
,t
[T [ [T
.1
E E z iz [T
Power CAC for RRC Connection Setup (ConL)

Strict Admission Control If an RRC connection setup request comes from emergency calis or detachments, the RRC connection is set up directly. f an RRC connecton setup request comes from other services, the RNC determines the admission threshoid based on one of the following request causes: RRC connection setup requests of real-time services RRC connectlon setup requests of non-reat-time services RRC connection setup requests of other services
Other services is excluding real-time services, non-real-time services, emergency calis, and detachments. The RNC determines the admission threshold using the following formulas: ja1tina services = Admission threshold Admission threshold for offset for RRC of real-time services(RTRRCCacThdOffset) + UJNonCtrThdForAMR (for the upink) or DIConvAMRThd (for the downink)
Admission thresho(d for R L
oaaL-tine services Admission threshold offset for RRC of non--eal-tjme services (NRTRRCCacThdOffset) + UlNonCtrlThdForOther (for the uplink) or DlOtherThd (for the downlink)
Admission threshold for RRC of other services Admission threshold offset for RRC of other services (OtherRRCCacThdOffset) + UlOIcTr!grhd (for the uplink) or DIOIcTrigThd(forthe downhink)
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1
Power-Based Admission Algorithm 1 for RAB Setup

There are two types of power-based admission decisions based on aigorithm 1: Up(ink admission decision:
RG9ceIl HSPAceII 1 Downlink admission decision: R99cel1 HSPAceII
r
F E [
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t.. d AH nght reserved
Pge4H
jp/i 1
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Le
Ol
E:
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1
l
ii
iz
Algorthm 1
Uplnk for R99 Celi
1 ;4
in an R99 ceH, piirk power-based admission decisions are made according to the RTWP-based total upiink bad. it is represented by foibowirg formula: flj..g-ota
flUL,R99TotaI
and caiculated using the
PN/RTWP
flULCCH
PN is the received upllnk background noise RTWP is the received total wideband power in the uplink
nu is the reserved
Copyright
oad on the uptink common channels
2012 Huawei TechnoIoges Co., Ltd. AU ngUts reserved.
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HUAWCI
based Upon receiving a service access request, the RNC makes the upiink poweradmission decision for an R99 service. The procedure is as foUows: The RNC caiculates the upiink bad increase (flUL) baseci on the initiai
admission rate of the service.

if the suni of the RTWP-based total upiink bad (flULR9gTotaI) and the bad increase caused by the new service (fluL) is !ower than or equal to the corresponding admission threshoid,the RNC admits the service. Otherwise, the RNC performs the next step. The RNC checks whether the control RTWP anti-interference function switch (RTWP_RES IST_DISTU RB under the NBMCacAIgoSwitch parameter) is turned on. If it is turned on, the RNC checks whether the total upiink bad of ENU on the ceil is iower than CellUEquNumCapacity. bf it is bower than CellUlEquNumCapacity, the RNC admits the service. Otherwise, the RNC rejects the access request.
Permission
r
Parameters of Power CAC

CellUlEquNurncapacity
o
[ [ [ t E t:
Parameter name: Celi Uplink Capacity of EqaI .User Num ber Recommended va!ue: 40, narneiy 40%
U!NonCtrlThdForHoUlNon CtrJThdForAMRU!NonCtrlTh dForNaAMRUINonCtrIThdForOther

non..AMRlother service Recommended value: 80%, 75%, 75%,. 60%
i
Pararneter name: UL threshold of handoVer!Conv AMR/Cnv
CellUlEquNumCapacity Content: Used to check whether the upink bad is overlarge in a ceM. If the uplink bad in the ceil is greaterthan this parameter, the uplink bad wili be judged as overlarge, Otherwise the uplink bad wili not be judged as overlarge. If the uplink bad is not overlarge, and the switch of RTWP anti-interference algorithm is enabled, the RTWP anti-interference algorithm is vabidated. Admission requests wili be accepted even when the RTWP value is great, and related OLC operations wili be cancelled.
D
Vaiue range: 0-lOO Physical unit: %
[
L
UINonCtrIThdForHo UINonCtrlThdForAMR/ UINonCtrIThdForNonAMRI UlNonCtrlThdForOther

D
Impact on Network Performance: If the value is tao high the system bad after admission may be over large, which impacts system stability and beads to system congestion. If the value is tao Iow, the possibHity of user rejects may increase, resulting in waste in idle resources. Vabue range: 0-lOO Physical value range: Ol; step: 0.01 Physical unit: %
D D
Set these parameters through ADD UCELLCAC/ MOD UCELLCAC.
L [ [ iz
Algorithm 1
UpIink for HSPA Celi
in an HSPA ceH, upiink power-based admission decisons are made based on the foiiowing bad measurements: The RTWP-based total upiink bad:
U
9ULHSUPA-TOaf = o
PN/RNP
flUL,CCH
+ flHS-DPCCH
The
uncontrollable upbnk bad
_zL
flULHSUPA-Totat
_2_L
flUL,CtrI
flULNonc:rI
The total uplink bad for preferential

flULR99PreferTotaI qULNOflC1 +
adrnisson of
R99 services:
ThdHSUPAMaGP
+ flUL,CCI-t + I]HS-OPCCH
2
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Rs J P i (A
rnserecL
O4
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HUAWEt
bad for the uplink HS-DPCCH. it s set by the Where 9 HSDPCCH is the reserved UlHsDpcchRsvdFac for pa rameter Where flULCtr is the controilabbe uplink bad and equals the received scheduled E DCH power share (RSEPS). e Where ThdHsupAM(GBp is the maxirnum guaranteed bad threshoid for HSUPA services when the RNC makes an admission ciecision on an R99 service. it is set by
the HsupaMaxGBPThcl parameter.
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4
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;
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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Wifhout Permission
ii
E E E [ E E [ E
[1
Algorithm 1
as follows:
Uplink for HSPA Celi
RNC performs the uplink power-based admission decision
The RNC calculates the upink bad increase (AflUL) based on the initial admission rate of the service.
The RNC determines whether to admit the service.
The admission criteria vary with the bearer type in an HSPA celi.
The RNC checks whether the control RTWP anti-interference function switch (RTWP_RESIST_DISTURB under the NBMCacA!goSwitch parameter) is turned on.
If it is turned on, the RNC checks whether the total uplink bad of ENU on the ceM is bower than CellUlEquNumCapacity. If it is bower than CeI!UlEquNumCapacity, the RNC admits the service. Otherwise, the RNC rejects the access request.
[2 E E E E E
For the DCH RAB
4t
If the bearer type is the DCH RAB, a service is admitted oniy when the following criteria are both met:
flUL,NOnCIr
AnUL
Thd
Such as: UINonCtrThdForAMR, U(NonCtr!ThdForNonAMR, UlNonCtriThdForOther, or UiNonCtrtThdForHo

El flULHSUPA-TOIa
9UL
UlCeTota!Thd UCeTotaThd
or
flULR99preferTotaj
LDfl
Copyriht 2012 Fl
Page5
HUAWEI
rt
[j
Parameters
For the DCH RAB (ConL)

U!CeIITotaIThd
Parameter Name: UL tota! power threshod Recommended Value: 83 nameiy 83%
r
UICellTotaIThd Content: Admission threshold of total ceil uplink power. This parameter is related to the target bad of the uplink schedule. Value Range: O-1OO o Unit: %
o Set this parameterthroughADD UCELLCAC/ MOD UCELLCAC.
[ [ [ L E E
For the HSUPA RAB

If the bearer type is the HSUPA RAB, the, RNC admits an HSUPA service if either PBR-based admission decision or oad-based admission succeeds.
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E
-J
For the HSUPA RAB (ConL)

PBRbased adrnission decisions PBR-based service admission succeeds if any of the following criteria are met: :
[ [
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PBR >Thd
pI <f
p! _,Y
GBF
E E
PBJ>Thd>
P1JI
spJ
PBR > ThCGE(

;<
1 Y
GBR
PageS3
HUAWEI
The uplink provided bit rate (PBR) is the effective uplink throughput on ali UEs
corresponding ta a scheduling priority ndicator (SPI) successfuliy received by the NodeB. PBR is reported by the NodeB ta the RNC periodicaliy. The RNC performs PBR-based admission control oniy when the HSUPA PI3R measurement switch is turned on (HSUPA_PBR_MEAS under the NBMCacA!goSwitch parameter is set ta 1). If the sum of PBRs of some UEs is larger than the sum of their GBRs muitipiied by a certain factor, the RNC decides that the QoS requirements of the ceil are met. in this case, the RNC can admit new services. Where
Thd is the PBR threshoid (HsupaLowPriorityUserPBRThd) for ali HSUPA
[ [
ii
[ L
-,
users whose scheduiing priorities are lower than the priority of users ta be admitted.
Thd is the PBR threshoid (HsupaEqualPriorityUserPBRThd) for ali HSUPA
users whose scheduiing prioritles are equai to the priarity of users ta be admitted.
ThdGE is the PBR threshaid (HsupaHighPriorityUserPBRThd) for ali HSUPA
users whose scheduiing priorities are higher than the priority of users to be admitted.
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[ [Z [
ii
WCDMA Adrnission Control Algorithm and Paramefers
For the HSUPA RAB (ConL)

r
.
-
Loadbased admission decisions For HSUPA scheduiing senice adrnission succeeds if the following criteria is met:
L
L
flULHSUPA-TOI + flUL
For HSUPA non-scheduing services admission succeeds oniy when both of the following criteria are met:
9ULHSUPATOIa +
[ [
-!
tr1uL
Thd
or
agU4
I1ULNOnCtr1 r1UL
Such as:UINonCtrlTdForAMR, UINonCtrIThdForNonAMR,

U)NonCtr)ThdForOtier,
Co., t.td. AU nghts reserved.
HUAWC!
1VLL?
[ [
L
Lq
-
er
Confidential Information of F-luawei. No Spreading Without Pernission
T
For the DC-HSUPA RAB

For DC-HSUPA non-scheduling services Load-based admission decisions are made oniy on the primary carrier. For DC-HSUPA scheduling service Load-based admssion decision is successful on the prmary or secondary carrier.
iz
[ [
If the bearertype is the DC-HSUPA RABs, the RNC admits a DCHSUPA service
oniy the Ioad-based admission succeeds. For DC-HSUPA non-scheduling services, the admission method is the same as that
for common HSUPA non-scheduling services. For DC-HSUPA scheduling service, the admission decision method is the same as that for a common HSUPA scheduling service.
flULHSUPA-TotaI + flUL
UCellTotaThd
o Where .fluL: bad increase after admitting the DC-HSUPA schedubing service.
p iz
[1
D
Confidential Information of HuaweL No Spreading Without Permission
Pararneters of Power CAC

IilHsDpcchRsvdFactor
Pararneter name: UL HS-DPCCH reserve factr Rcommended value: 0, narnely 0%
HsupaMaxGBPThd
Parameter name: Threshold of Maximum Guaranteed Bit
Rates for HSUPA
Recommended value: 100. nameiy 100%
UlHsDpcchRsvdFactor Content: If the HS-DPCCH carries ACKINACK, the system wiil not perform CAC. If the HS-DPCCH carries CQI, the system wiif perform CAC. This carrying parameter refers to the resources reserved for the uplink HS-DPCCH lied multip ty capaci limit uplink the ACKNACK. The corresponding threshold is to n rejectio wrong of ility possib the by this parameter. If the value is too high, value the If es. resourc uplink in waste to uplink admissions increases, leading ility is too low, the uplink resources is insufflcient. However, because the possib be can value of burst bad by ACK/NACK and its impact are relativeiy 10w, the set to a bow level, representing the boose admission rule. Value range: 0100 Physical value range: 0-1; step: 0.01 Physical unit: % HsupaMaxGBPThd HSUPA users. This o Content: Threshold of the maximum guaranteed power for some threshold limits the power that can be used by HSUPA users. Thus, access. k networ power resources are reserved for DCH users to ensure their Value range: 0100 Physical value range: 0-1; Physical unit: % . Set these parameters through ADD UCELLCAC/ MOD UCELLCAC
E
Pararneters of Power CAC (ConL)

HsupaLowPriorityUserPBRThd
HsupaEqua!PriorityUserPBRThd HsupaHighPriortyUserPBRThd
Parameter name: Low/Equal/High priority HSUPA user PBR threshold Recommendedvalue: 100%, 100%, 100%
t: t: E t: E t:
Il
4
HsupaLowPriorityUserPBflThdl HsupaEqualPriorityUserPBRThd/ HsupaHighPriorityUserPBRThd

Content: Threshold of ali the HSUPA user PBR whose schedule priority is lower/equal/higher than that of users to be admitted. If this value is too high, the possibility of rejecting HSUPA schedule services increases, which impacts access success rate. If the vaiue is too low, too many HSUPA schedule users may be admitted, which impacts the admitted users and results in overioad and system congestion. Value range: 0100 Physical vaiue range: 01; step: 0.01 Physical unit: % Set these parameters through ADD UCELLCAC/ MOD UCELLCAC.
t:
iz
t: L [ 1] t:
4
Algorithm 1
Downtink for R99 Celi
n an R99 celi, downlink power-based admission decisions

are made according to the TCP-based total downhink bad.
it is represented by flDL99TOI and calculated using the
fobbowing formula:
U floL,R99-Tota flTCP + flDL,CCH
flTCP is equal to the transmitted carrier power (TCP)

flDLCCH
is the reserved bad on the downlink common channels
the total j equal ta the transmitted carrier power (TCP), whch is the ratio of power (set transmitted power on one downlink carrier ta the maximum transmission by the MaxTxPower parameter). the is the reserved bad on the downbink common channels. it is set by
CP 9 T L,CCH 9 D
DlCCHLoadRsrvCoeff parameter.
based Upon receiving a service access request, the RNC makes the downHnk poweradmission decision for an R99 service. The procedure is as folbows: The RNC calculates the downBnk bad inorease (flDL) based on the initial admission rate of the service and the pilot signal qality the user receives. If the TCP-based total downtink bad (flDLR9gTota) is bower than or equal ta the corresponding admission threshold (DIConvAMRThd, DlConvNonAMRThd, DlOtherThd, or DIHOThcI), the RNC admits the service. Otherwise, the RNC rejects the service.
t [T
WCDMA Admission Control Agorithm and Param eters
Parameters of Power CAC (Cont.)

DlCCHLoadRsrvCoeff
Parameter name: DL common channel bad reserved coefficient Recommended value: 0, nameiy 0%
[T
DIHOThd!D!ConvAMRThdD!ConvNonAMRThdD!OtherT M
Parameter name: DL ttreshold of handoverlConv AMRConv
non_AMR/other service
Recommended value: 85%, 80%, 80%, 75%
[T
iz
L
DlCCHLoadRsvCoeff
Content: Different admission policies are used for dedicated channel and common channel users. For commor channel users, resources instead of separate power admission decision are reserved. Value range: 0100 Physical value range: 01; step: 0.01 Physical unit: % DIHOThd DIConvAMRThd/ DConvNonAMRThd/ DlOtherThd Content: The percentage of the handover/conversational AMR/conversational non-AMRlother service threshods to the 100% downlink bad. it is applicabie to algorithm 1 and algorithm 2. If the value is too high the system bad after admission may be over large, which impacts system stability and eads to system congestion. If the value is too bow, the possibility of user rejects may increase, resulting in waste in idle resources and the failure to achieving network planning target. Value range: 0100 Physical value range: 0-1; step: 0.01
D
[T
[T
Physical unit: %
WCDMA Admission Control Algorthm and arameters
Algorithm 1
Downlink for HSPA Ceil
in an HSPA ceil, downtink power-based admission decisionre made based on the foilowing bad measurements: TCP-based total downnk bad
flDL.HSDPA-TOtaI
flTCP + 9D1CCH+ flDL,HSUPARe
HSDPA GBP-based total downbink boad

flDL,GBP-TOaI 9DL,NOflHSPA +
mm
+ (9DL,GBe + flDLHSUPAReS flDLMaxHSPA)
1] DL,CCH
The total downlink bad for preferential admission of R99 service;

flDLR9Prefer-Tota 4 flDLHSUPARes + I]DLCCH flDLNnHSPA + ThdHSDPAMaXGBP Pag60
Copyright V 2012 H,jawei Technc1oges Cc., Ltd. AU nght reservecJ.
HUAWEI
is the power bad reserved for HSUPA downlink control channels (E other AGCH/E-RGCH/E-HbCH). it is set by the Dll-ISUPARsvdFactor parameter. The ased variables are defined the same way as for an R99 ceil in Downiink Pawerb Admission Decisions for R99 Cetis Based on Abgorithm 1 is the threshold for the maxirnun avaibable HSDPA power. it is caicuiated
flDL,HSUPAReS flDL,MaXHSPA
baseci on the HspaPowerparameter.

flDLNOnHSPA is
the downiink non-HSPA power oad for the total transmitted power of the ission on codes not used for HS-PDSCH/HS-SCCH/E-AGCH/E-RGCH/E-HICH transm one downbink carrier ta the maximum transmission power (set by the MaxTxPower parameter). is the maximum guaranteed oad threshold for HSDPA services when the RNC makes an adrnission decision on an R99 service. it is set by the HsdpaMaxGBPThd parameter.
ThdHSDPAMaXGBP
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Permission
1
Algorithm 1
Downlink for HSPA Celi
RNC performs the downhink power-based admission decision as follows:

The RNC calculates the downiink bad increase (floL) based on the initial admission rate of the service and the pilot signat quality the user receives.
o
The RNC determines whether to admit the service.
The admission criteria vary with the bearer type in an HSPA
ceiL
t:
t:
For the DCH RAB

If the bearer type is the DCH RAB, a service is admitted
oniy when the following criteria are both met:
9DLNonHSPA
+ 9UL
Thd
Such as:DConvAMRThd, D!ConvNonAMRThd, DiOtherThd, or DHOThd
flDLHSDPA-ToIaI +
DJCeIITotaIThd AflUL DCeITotaThd

DICellTotaIThd
or orZ
flDLGBPTo +
flDLRggPrefer-Totat
celi If the current ceil supports DC-HSDPA, the current total power of the DC-HSDPA the grop must also be ower than the sum of the tota downlink power threshold of primary ceM and that of the secondary ceM for DCH RAB admission.
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WCDMA Admisson Control Algorithm and arameters
For the DCH RAB (Cont.)

DICeIITotaIThd
Parameter name: OL total power threshold Recommended value: 90, nameiy 90%
D!CeITotaThd
Content: Admissior threshold of the total ceil downlink power. If the value is too high, too many users wiil be admitted. However, the throughput of a singe user is easy to be limited. If the value is too Iow, ceil capacity wHI be wasted. Value range: 0100 Physical value range: O-1; Physical unit: %
t;
r
For the HSDPA RAB

If the bearer type isthe. HSDPA RAB, the RNC admits an HSDPA service if either PBR-based admission decision or Ioad-based admission succeeds,
1.
r
[
succeecis if equation a (for
For the HSDPA RAB (ConL)

PBR-based service admission streaming services) or equation b (for BE services) is satisfied:
a.. PBR
b.
1 ZG.
PRI4 TIzd, EG1?R
The RNC performs PBR-based admission control oniy when the HSDPA PBR measurement switch is turned on (HSDPA_PBR_MEAS under the NBMCacAIgoSwitch parameter s set to 1). If the sum of PBRs of some UEs is larger than the sum of their GBRs multipiied by a certain factor, the RNC decides that the QoS requirements of the ceil are met. in this case, the RNC can admit new services.
Where PBRstrm is the provided bit rate of ali existing streaming services. Thdhsdpa-stris the admission threshold of the PBR-based decision for streaming services (HsdpaSlrmPBRThcJ). PBRbe is the provided bit rate of ali existing BE services. Thdhsdpa-be is the admission threshold of the PBR-based decision for BE services (HsdpaBePBRThd).
Parameters
Fr the HSDPA RAB (Cont.)

Load-based servce admission succeeds oniy when both of
the foflowing criteria are met:
flDLGBP
+ AflUL
availabIe-HSDPA
I1UL DCeIITotaIThd
or
+ A9UL
DCellTotaIThd
DLGBP 1 AflDL
is the sum of the HSDPA GBP bad.
is the boad increase caused by the new service. maxinum avai!abbe HSDPA power, which is equabto 11O avaiIabIe-HSDPA is the 0
I-IspaPowerlO) flDLHSDPA-TOta flDL,GBP-TOtaI
is the sum of the TCP-based totab downllnk bad.
is the sum of the HSDPA GBP-based total downlink bad.
[
For the DC-HSDPA RAB

If the bearer type is the DC-HSDPA RAB, admission control is based on the power of the DC-HSDPA celi group.
a
[ (
The RNC admits DC-HSDPA RABs in the following situations:

PBR-based service admission in the DC-HSDPA ceil group succeeds Load-basecl service admission in the DC-HSDPA ceil group succeeds
t:
PBR-based admission control in the DC-HSDPA ceil group is similar to that in the SC
HSDPA celi. The difference between thern i that users selected during an admission decision ara DC-HSDPA users in the DC-I-ISDPA ceil group, not SC-HSDPA users. This means that the total downlink bad factor of the DC-HSDPA celi group is bower than the sum of the total downlink bad threshold of the primary celi and that of the secondary celi.
t: E E:
{i
E
________
Parameters of Pwer CAC.(Cont.)

HsdpaStrmPBRThd
Parameter iame: HSDPA streamiflg PBR threshold Recommended vatue: 70, nameiy 70%
HsdpaBePBRThd
Parameter narne: HSDPA best effort PBR threshold Recommended value: 30, nameiy 30%
HsdpaStrmPBRThd HSDPA streaming o Content: Average throughput admission threshoid of the is lower than users ing stream ed access the of ali PBR of sum service. If the the average throughput admission threshold of the HSDPA streaming service multiplied by the sum of GBR of aH the accessed streaming users, it indicates that the QoS of the accessed users cannot be satisfied and new HSDPA streaming services are not allowed. Otherwise, the QoS can be satisfied and new HSDPA streaming services are allowed. Value range: 0-100 o Physical value range: 0-1 Physicai unit: % Thd BePBR Hsdpa HSDPA best effort o Content: Average throughput admission threshold of the is lower than users A BE HSDP ed access traffic. If the sum of PBR of ali the service BE A HSDP the of ld thresho ion the average throughput admiss it indicates users, BE A HSDP ed the access alI of GBR of multiplied by the sum that the QoS of the accessed users cannot be satisfied and new HSDPA BE servjces are not allowed. Otherwise, the QoS can be satisfed and new HSDPA BE services are aHowed. Value range: 0100 o Physicai value range: 0-1; step: 0.01 o Physicai unit: % Set these parameters through ADD UCELLCAC/ MOD UCELLCAC.
t
WCDMAAdmisson Control Algorithm and Parameters

When the CAC function uses algorithm 2, the admission of uplinkldownhink power resources uses the algorithm depending on the Equivaent Number of Users (ENU)
The ENU of MBMS downlink control channels (MICH and MCCH) is reserved. Therefore, power-based admission is not performed on these channels. The ENU of HSUPA downlink control channels (E-AGCH, E-RGCH, and E-HICH) is reserved by DIHSUPARsvdFactor. Therefore, power-based admission is not performed on these channels.
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WCDMA Admisson Control Algorithm and Parameters
Equivalent Number of Users
When the activation factor is 100%, a 122 kbit/sAMR service is defined as one ENU. The following aspects are considered when the ENU is calcutated:
Celi
1
type, such as urban or suburban
Traffc Q0S, which is the Btock Error Rate (BLER)
Target number of retransmissions The activity factor of the traffic type
Copyright < 2012 Huawi Tedno1oges Co,, Ltd. Ali rghts reserved,
Page7O
HUAW
The following table describes the typical ENU:

.
ENIJ
Srvice
Uplink for DCH

0.2847 0.5057 0.81 96 0.7548 0.6500 0.6228 0.7566 0.9248 1.0305 1.4399 2.1150
Downlink for DCH

0.0420 0.1115 0.5420 0.1044 0.1248 0.2 187 0.3252 0.5926 0.6615 1.0489 1.5523
HSDPA
0.0279 0.0738
2nsTTI HSU?A
0.3107 0.36 2.0242
10 ms TTI HSUPA
0.1369 0.1655 1.0869 1.7611 1.9786 2.41 06 3.2625 4.9192 5.2463 7.4698 9.8773
3.4 kbitls SIG
13.6 kbits SIG .4 kbitls .4 kbitfs .4 kbWs

+
12.2 kbitls 8 kbitis (PS) 16 kbt/s (PS) 32 kbitis (PS) 64 kbitls (PS) 128 kbitis (P5) 144 kbit/s(PS)
+ + + +
0.545 0.8749 1.463 2.5545 4.6851 5.2225 9.1193 13.9332
3.5098 3.8713 4.5856 5.9806 8.6430 9.2279 13.1 063 17.1227
d
1..
.4 kbitls .4 kbitls .4 kbit/s
.4 kbit/s
4.4 kbitls 256 kbitls (PS) 3,4 kbitls

+
384 kbitls(PS)
HSUPA: in the previous table, for a 3.4+n kbifis service of HSDPA, DC-HSDPA, or 3.4 kbit/s is the rate of the signaiing carried on the DCH
n kbitls is the GBR of the service
Uplink ENU Resource Admission Decisions

n the uplink, ENU.-based admission decisions are made based on the fottowing bad measurements: UplinktotaENUboad
1
IULENU
flUL,CCH
The total uplink bad of ENU for preferential admission of R99
seMces
flULR99Prefer-ENU flUL,DCH ENU +
ThdHSUPAMaXGBP
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2012 Huawei TechnoTogies Lo, Lid AU nghts reservd
Page7l
I 8 ENUULTOt
is the sum of ENUs corresponding to the RABs in a celi.
ENUurv, is the maximum ENU of a celi. it is set by the UlrotalEqUserNum parameter.

fluL,CcH
is the reserved bad on the upiink common channels. t is set by the UlCCHLoadFactor parameter.
When the GBR for HSUPA services is too high, the total upiink bad of ENU may alsa be too high, and therefore R99 service admission is difficubt. n this case, flULR99PrerENU ensures that R99 services are preferentiaiby admitted.
UL,OCH_ENU 9
is the ENU bad of ali DCH RABs in a celi. t is the ratio of the sum of ENUs for ali DCH RABs to the maximum ENU in a ceil (UlTotalEqUserNum).
is the maxinum guaranteed bad threshod for HSUPA services when the RNC makes an admission decision on an R99 service. it is set by the HsupaMaxGBPThd parameter.
ThdHsupAM>(GBp
IZ
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Uplink ENU Resource Admission Decisions

If a ceil is in the OLC state triggered by the RTWP:
CelUEquNumCapacity If a ceil is not in the OLC state If the bearertype is the DCH RAB
o fluL,ENU
>.: UL,ENU
Ot
o
+ 0UL,ENU
+
THd
UCJITOfIThd
flULRPreferENU
If the bearer type is the HSUPA RAB

flULENU + LflULENU
THd
such
LJlNonCtrIThdForAMR, UINonCtriThdForNonAMR, UlNonCfrlThdForOther or UlNonCtrlThdForHo

8$:
flULENU flULE
is the sum of the uplink total ENU bad. increase caused by the new service. NU is the ENU bad the sum of the total uplink ENU bad for preferential admission of
15 LR99Prefer-ENU 9 U
R99 services.
For DC-HSUPA RABs control DC-HSUPA RABs are admitted onby to the primary carrier. Admission for DC-HSUPA RABs is the same as that for common HSUPA RABs. bad The ENU corresponding ta the DC-HSUPA RABs is counted into the ENU
of the primary carrier.
WCDMAAdmission ControlAlgorithm and Parameters
Downlink ENU Resource Admission Decisions

in the downlink, ENU-based admission decisions are made based on the foilowing bad measurements: Downbnk total ENU bad
flDL.ENU = ENUDLTo/ENUDLMax + DLCCH
The total downlink bad for preferential admission of R99 services

flDLRfl9Prefe-ENU = DLDCH EN(J + ThdHSDPAM8P
I 2 ENUDLTOt
ENUDLMaX
is the sum of ENUs corresponding to the RABs in a ceil. la the maximum ENU of a cebi. it is set by the DlTotalEqUserNum
parameter.
is the reserved bad on the downHnk common channels. it is set by the DlCCHLoadRsvCoeff parameter.
flDLCCH
is the ENU bad of ali DCH RABs in a ceil. it is the ratlo of the sum of ENUs for ali DCH RABs to the maximum ENU in a celi (DlTotaEqUserNum).
flDLDCH_ENU
is the maximum guaranteed bad threshold for HSDPA services wher the RNC makes an admission decision on an R99 service. it is set by the HsdpaMaxGBPThd parameter.
ThdHSDPAMaXGBP
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u
WCDMA Admisson Control Algorithm and Parameters
Downlink ENU Resource Admission Decisions

For non-DC-HSDPA RABs If the bearer type s the DCH RAB
I]DLENU + flOLENU
THd
D!CeITotaIThd
Or
flDLRS9Prefe<-ENU + AIDLENU
if the bearer type is the HSDPA RAB

flDL,ENU + 9DLENU
THd
such as; DINonCtrIThdForAMR, DNonCfflThdForNonAMR, DlNonCtdThdForOther or DNonCtrThdPorHo
is the surn of the downlink total ENU bad. increase caused by the new service. floLENu is the ENU bad
flOLENU flDLR99prefer-ENU
is the sum of the total downlink bad for preferential admission of R99
services.
For DC-HSDPA RABs The admission succeeds when the totab ENU of the DC-HSDPA celi group divided by the maximum ENU of the DC-HSDPA celi group is bower than the sum of admission thresholds of the primary ceil and that of the secondary ceil.
1.
t:;
Parameters of Power CAC (Cont.)

UlTotalEqUserNum
Parameter name: UL total equivalent user number Recommended value: 95
(T t, t: t: t: 12 IJ
DlTotalEqUserNum
Parameter name: DL total equivaent user number Recommended value: 80
UlTotalEqUserNum
ContentWhen the algorithm 2 is used, this parameter defines the total equivalent user numbers corresponding to the 100% uplink bad. The parameter shoud be related to the admission threshold and actual condition of the network. Value range: 1-200 Physical value range:1200; step: 1 DlTotalEqUserNum
o
Content: When the algorithm 2 is used, this parameter defines the total equivalent user number corresponding to the 100% downlink bad. The parameter should be refated to the admission threshold and actual condition of the network. Value range: 1200 Physicab value range:1-200; step: 1
t. L

Agorithm 3 is similar to algorithm 1. The only difference i that the estimated bad increase in algorithm 3 is always set to 0. Based on the current celi bad, the RNC determines whether the ceil bad exceeds the threshold If the celi bad exceeds the threshold, the RNC rejects the access request. If not, the RNC admits the service.
L4
WCDMA Admission Control Algonthn and
Parameters
Uplink Power-Based Admission Algorithm 4 for RAB Setup

Algorithm 4 makes admission decisions based on the total uplink bad
flUL,Actua-Tota
as the following formula:
flUL,Actuai-Toti = flUL,Actual + ]ULCCH
RNC makes the admission decision

flUL,ctuai-roa + flUL
THd
such as: UINonCIrIThdForAMR, UlNonCtlThdForNonAMR,

U(NonCtrlThdForOther or UlNonCtriThdForHo
CopynhtC 2012 Huawe Technooges Co,, LtdfiJI nghts rerve.
Pageil
HUAWI
flULACtUa flULCCH
is the actuai upHnk service bad.
is the reserved bad on the upbink common channels. it is set by the UlCCHLoadFactor parameter.
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WCDMA Adrnission Control Algorithm and Parameters
UpIink Power-Based Admission Algorithm 4 for RAB Setup

in
DC-HSUPA celis ions For DC-HSUPA non-scheduling services, admission decis ary based on the total uplink bad are made oniy on the prim carrier. n For DC-HSUPA scheduling service is admitted ifadmissio the decision based on the total uplink bad is successful on primary or secondary carrier.
HSUPA UE is calcubated For DC-HSUPA celis, the uplink bad introduced by the DCbased on the UE rate and then apportioned on the primary and secondary carriers PA UE based on the ratio per carrier. The RNC decides whether to admit a DC-HSU DC-HSUPA UE on the total upbink bad and uplink bad increment introduced by the method is the same primary carrier and secondary carriers. The admission decision with that of SC-HSUPA.
out Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading With Permission
Contents
2. CAC (Cali Admission Control) 2. 1 CAC Overvew
2.2 CAC Based on Code Resource 2.3 CAC Based on Power Resource 2.4 CAC Based on NodeB Credit Resource
2.5 CAC Basod on ub Reource

2.6 CAC Based on the Number of HSPA Usora
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WCDMA Admission Control Algorfthrn and Parameters
NodeB Credit
it is The NodeB credit resource is a concept on the RNC side. referred ta as the channel etement (CE) on the Node8 side. CEs are used to measure the channel demodulation capability of NodeBs. CEs are ciassifed into uplink and downlink CEs.
One uplink CE needs to be consumed by an uplink 122 kbitfs volce service (SF = 64) plus 3.4 kbits signaling traflic. One downlink CE needs to be consumed by a downlink 12.2 kbit/s voice service (SF
=
128) plus 3.4 kbitfs signaling traffic. :i

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2012 Huawe Technologes Co LHd AH nhts reserved
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channel, one CE is stili If only 3.4 kbit/s signaling traffic is carried on a DCH or HSPA ted channels. needed. CEs have been reserved for common and HSDPA-rela level, local ce NodeB credit resource-based admission is implemented at NodeB LCG share the CEs of group <LCG) level (if any), and local celi (LC) level. Celis in an se message, the LCG in the uplink. The NodeB sends the RNC an audit respon ers physical and reporting the CE capability of the three leveis. The NodeB consid licensed CEs when reporting the CE capability ta the RNC. NodeB. The Node8-levei CEs are the licensed CEs supported by the between the in the uplink, the number of LCG-levei CEs are the smaller one licensed number of LCG-levei physicai CEs and the number of NodeB-ievei of downlink CEs. in the downlink, the number of LCG-levei CEs are the suni CEs on aH boards of the LCG. resource in the uplink, the LC-levei CEs are the physical CEs of the uplink are the group to which the ceil belongs. in the downlink, the LC-levei CEs beiongs. physical CEs of the baseband processing board ta which the ceil
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NodeB Credit Resource-based Admission Decisions (ConL)

If the RRCCeCodeCacChoice parameter is set to
STRICTCAC,
admission based on the cause carried in the RRC connection setup request:
If the cause is Emergency Cair or Detach
admission succeeds if the avallable credit resources are sufticient.
For any other cause
the RNC must ensure that the available credit resources of the local celi, local ceil group (if any), and NodeB exceed the reserved credit resources upon admitting an RRC connection setup request.
ed by the The reserved credit resources are calculated using SF which is specifl parameter DlRRCCeCodeResvSf (for the downlink) or UIRRCCeResvSf (for the
upllnk).
WCDMAAdmssion Control Algorithm and
Parameters
NodeB Credit Resource-based Admission Decisions (Cont.)

Handover Service Requests admission succeeds if the available credit resources of the tocal ceil, local ceit group (if any), and NodeB are sufficient for the service to be admitted P8 SericeICS Service (Non-AMR Service) Requests the RNC must ensure that the avallabte credit resources of the tocal ceil, tocat ceit group (if any), and NodeB exceed the reserved credit resources upon admitting a new service.
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2012 Huawei Techaooges Co Ltd AJI rhts rezerveci
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The reserved credit resources are caiculated using SF which is specified by the UIHoCeResvSf (for the uplink) or DlHoCeCodeResvSf (for the downtink) parameter.
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NodeB Credit Resource-based Admission Decisions (Cont.)

AMR Service Requests
If the CSRABCacOptSwifch parameter is set to ON,
\J
admision success if the current avaiable credit resources of the ocal celi, local celi group (if any) and Node8 are suffieient for the service.
If the CSRABCacOptSwitch parameter is setto 0FF,

the RNC has to ensure that the current avaHable credit of the local ceil, ocal ceil group (if any) and NodeB exceeds the reserved credit after adnitting a new service.
Copyright 2012 Huawei TechnoIoges Co Ltd. Ali nhts rse,ved.
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HUAWEI
The reserved credit is calculated through SF which is determined by the UIHoCeResvSf (for the uplink) or DlHoCeCodeResvSf (for the downiink) parameter.
1.
Parameter of NodeB Credit CAC

RRCCeCodeCacChoice Parameter name: Credit and Code CAC Choice for RRC
Recommended value: LOOSE_CAC
DIRRCCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL Credit and Code Reserved SF for RRC
Recommended value: SF128
L [ [
URRCCeResvSf
Parameter name: UL Credit Reserved SF for RRC
o Recommended value: SF64
[
RRCCeCodeCacChoice
Content: RRC connection admission control (CAC) mode. When this parameter is set to LOOSE_CAC, the original RRC admission threshold remains unchanged. When this parameter is set to STRICT_CAC, the RRC admission threshold equals the RAB admission threshold plus the RRC admission threshold offset for the corresponding service. Value range:LOOSE_CAC, STRCT_CAC Set this parameter through ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH! MOD UCELLALGOSWITCH
D!RRCCeCodeResvSf
o Content: Threshold for RRC admission based on DL credit and code resources.
The value SFOFF indicates that credit resources are not reserved for handover. If the remaining DL resources in a celi are Iower than this threshold after a new service is set up, the new service is rejected. o Value range:SF4(SF4), SF8(SF8), SF1 6(SF 6), SF32(SF32), SF64(SF64), SF1 28(SF 28), SF256(SF256), SFOFF(SFOFF) Physical value range:SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF
UIRRCCeResvSf Content: Threshold for RRC admission based on UL credit resources. The value SFOFF indicates that credit resources are not reserved for handover. If the remaining UL resources in a celi are Iower than this threshold after a new service is set up, the new service is rejected. Value range:SF4(SF4), SF8(SF8), SF1 6(SFI6), SF32(SF32), SF64(SF64), SF1 28(SF128), SF256(SF256), SFOFF(SFOFF) o Physical value range:SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF Set this parameter through Set this parameter through ADD UCELLCACI MOD UCELLCAC.
WCDMA Admission Control Agorithm and Parameters
Pararneter f NodeBCredit CAC (Cont)

UIHCesv$f
Parameter name: UL handover credit reserved SF
o e
Recomrnended value: SF16
DlHoCeCodeResvSf
Parameter name: DL handover credit and code reserved SF Recommended value: SF32
Csfl4BCacOptSvdtch
o
Parameter name: CS RAB Setup ResourceAllocation Switch

Recommended Value: 0FF
U!HoCeResvSf SFOFF Content: Uplink Credit Reserved by Spread Factor for HandOver. er. handov for d means that none of thern are reserve Value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF , SFOFF Physical value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256 DlHoCeCodeflesvSf guarantee Content: Some ceil resources can be reserved for handover UEs to s. This service er handov of priority handover success rate and improve access d reserve es resourc CE and code nk parameter defines the quantity of downll ta refers SF32 d. reserve is es resourc na ta that for handover. SFOFF refers e are that a code resource with SF = 32 and its corresponding credit resourc reserved.. Value range: SF4, SF8 SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256, SFOFF , SFOFF Physical value range: SF4, SF8, SF16, SF32, SF64, SF128, SF256 . LCAC Set this parameterthrough ADD UCELLCAC! MOD UCEL
CSRABCacOptSwitch
o
Content: Whether resource allocation is optimized during CS RAB setups. code When this parameter is set to ON, the RNC allocates power resources, on based setups resources, channel element (CE) resources during CS RAB s succes setup service the loose CAC algorithm. This setting increases the CS es resourc e allocat not rate. When this parameter is set ta 0FF, the RNC does during CS RAB setups based on the loose CAC algorithm.
Value range: 0FF, ON LALGOSWITCH Set this parameter through ADD UCELLALGOSWITCH/ MOD UCEL
Cortents
2. CAC (Cali Admission Control)
2.1 CAC Overview 2.2 CAC Baseci on Code Resource
2.3 CAC Based on Power Resource
2.4 CAC Based on NodeB Credit Resource
2.5CAC Based on ub esource

2.6 CAC Based on e Number of HSPA Users
tub Resource CAC

iub overbooking lexing The iub overbooking feature considers the statistic rnultip of service activities and multiple users
L1
Through the admission of more users, lub overbooking inoreases the resource utiHzation on the tub interface Uk) C
_f
L(
Capyrigbt 21ges Cc., Ltd. AH rights reserved,
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HUAWEI
supports four traffic ciasses: The Universal Mobile Telecommurications System (UMTS) transrnission rate varies with conversational, strearning, interactive, and background. The the traftic class as follows: l transmits voice For Circuit Switched (CS) conversational services, the channe a conversation and oniy signals ata certain rate (for example, 12.2 kbitls) during is no conversation. transmits Silence Descriptors (SIDs) at intervais when there s, such as web For Packet Switched (P5) interactive and background service After a web page browsing, there is data transmitted during data downloading. page, however, there is has been downloaded, and when the user is reading the very litUe data to transfer. um bandwidth to the If the Radio Network Controller (RNC) allocates the maxim of the Iub transmission subscriberwhen a service is estabiished, a large proportion takes oniy about one bandwidth is unused. For example, downloading a 50 KB page over 90% of the lub second, but reading this page needs dozens of seconds. Thus, transmission bandwidth is not used. Huawei provides the lub To save the lub transmission bandwidth for operator use, nisrn to access the overbooking function, which applies an admission control mecha factors. PS interactive service. Services are admitted according to the different activity Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR). and background services can be admitted according to the number of activity request In this way, the maximum number of users with the minimum network, thus achieving a to use volce and PS Best Effort (BE) services can access the better utitization of transmission bandwidth. g Without Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreadin Permission
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E E [ [ E E t: [T E D L [ t: E
Iub Resource CAC (Cont.)

Activityfactor RT services, including conversationa and streaming services, are admitted at the Maximum Bit Rate (MBR):
Admission bandwidth = MBR x activity factor NRT services, including interactive and background services, are admitted at the GBR: Admissior bandwidth = GBR x activity factor
For BE services, the GBR can be set by running the SET UUSERGBR command. Activity factors can be configured for different types of service by running the TRMFACTOR/ MOD TRMFACTOR command. Default settings of activity factors for typical types of service:
SRB AMR voice R99 CS streaming R99 PS conversationa R99 PS streaming R99 PS interactive R99 PS background HSPASRB HSPAvoice HSPA conversational HSPA streaming HSPA interactive HSPA background
15/15 (DL/UL) 70/70 (DUUL) 100/100 (DL/UL)

70170 (DL/UL)
100/1 00 (DUUL) 40/40 (DL/UL) 40140(DLIUL) 15/15 (DL/UL) 70/70 (DL/UL) 70/70 (DL/UL) 100/1 00 (DL/UL) 40/40 (DLIUL) 40/40 (DLIUL)
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n Li
WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and armeters
Iub Resource CAC Procedure

For handover of a user, the foiiowing requrements appty: u Load of the path + Bandwidth required by the user <Total configured bandwidth of the path For a new user, the following requirements app!y: Load of the path + Bandwidth required by the user <Total configured bandwidth of the path Bandwidth reserved for
-
handover For rate upsizing of a user, the foIowing requirements app!y: Load of the path + Bandwicith required by the user <Total confgured bandwidth of the path Congestion threshod
-
CopyrIght2O12 Huawe TechnoIoes Co Ltd Ait rghts rese,v
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for handover The parameters of threshold should satisfy with: Bandwidth reserved Congestion threshold Congestion resoiving threshold. are used to prevent The congestion threshold and the congestion resolving threshold the ping-pong effect. s: Based on the preceding requirement, the user priorities are as follow g User requesting handover> New user> User requesting rate upsizin W, and the The congestion thresholds are EWDCONGBW and BWDCONGB ONGCLRBW. congestion resolving thresholds are EWDCONGCLRB W and BWDC as foliows: The parameters that are used to reserve bandwidth for handover are FWDHORSVBW
()
E I
J!
L
Parameters
Parameters of Iub Resource CAC

FWDI?SVHOBWBWDRVHOBW
D
Parameter name: ForwardlBakWard handover reserved bandwFdth

Recommended vaue: 0, harneiy OKbitls
*
FWDc.ONGL W/BWDCONG8W
Parameter name: Forward/Backward congestion threshofd
D
ecommended value: 0, nameiy OKbit/s
FWDCONGCLRBW/ WDCONGCLRBW
Parameter name: Forward/Backward congestion clear threshold
D
Recommended value: 0, nameiy OKbitls
FWDRSVHOBWBWDRSVHOBW
Content: Reserved forward/backward bandwidth for handover user.
D D D
p 1* [
Value range: 0-200000 Physical value range:0200000; step: 1 Physical unit: KbitIs
FWDCONGBWIBWDCONGBW
o
Content: If the available forward/backward bandwidth is Iess than or equal to this value, the forward/backward congestion alarm is emitted. Value range: 0-200000
o Physical value range:0200000; step:

o
Physical unit: Kbitls
FWDCONGCLRBW/BWDCONGCLRBW
D
Content: If the available forward/backward bandwidth is greater than this value, the forward/backward congestion alarm is cleared.
o Value range: 0-200000 o Physical value range:0200000; step: 1

D
Physical unit: Kbitls
1 L
Set these parameters through ADD TRMLOADTH.

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WCDMA RAN4 Radio Network Features and Algorithms Training Il

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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CAC: Cali Admission Control LDR: Load Reshuffling

IAC: bntelligent Access Control

OLC: Overbcad Control

ght2O12HuaweiTechrwogies Co., Lid. AJ rghtsreserved.

Celi bad (number of subscribers)

Start OLC: check and relieve overload congestion in ceHs

WCDMA Admssion Control Algorithm and Parameters

Load Control Algorithms (ConL)

IAC 1 CAC LDR q OLC : not considered; J: considered

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If the function uplink enhanced L2 is disabled, GBR PDU, GBR).

max (bit rate of one RLC

max (bit rate of the

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WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and Parameters

RTWP RSEPS. TCP Nor-HSDPA power Uplfnk tata bad

ctoceRprtunitForuiBasicMeas TenMsecForUl8asicMeas MinFarUiBasicMeas coiceRprtunitForoBasicMeas TenMsecForDlBasicMeas MinForDlBaslcMeas

JpI minimum guaranteed 1

WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and Parameters

Reporting Period (ConL)

ChoiceRprtUnitForHsdpaPwrMeas TenMsecForHsdpaPwrMeas MinForHsdpaPwrMeas ChoceRprtUnitForHsdpaRateMeas TenMsecForHsdpaPMdRaieMeas MinForHdpaPrvidRateMeas ChoiceRprfUnitForHsupaRateMes TenMsecForHsupaPridRateMeas MinForHsupaPrvidRateMeas

Set the above parameters through SET ULDM.

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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

WCDMAAdmission Control Algorithm and Parameters

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

WCDMA Admission Control Aigorithm and Parameters

Copynght C 2012 HLawe Technooge CG Ltd A1 nghts reserved

allocatonrRetentonProrly prorlyLevel flxc (1 2)

pre emptonvulnerablty not-pre emptable (0) queungAilowed queueng allowed (1)

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WCDMA Admission Control Algorithm and

User Priority (ConL)

Si!ver Silver Copper Copper Copper Copper Copper

2012 Hu:wi Technologies Co Ltd, M rigbts reserved.