S GIO DC V O TO

THNH PH NNG
THI HC SINH GII THNH PH
MN: HA HC LP 1
Thi gian: 150 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
C!" I (4 im)
1. Hy gii thch ti sao phn t Cl
2
O c gc lin !t ("""
o
) nh# h$n %& ' (&i lin !t Cl)O ("*+",)
l-n h$n so %-i phn t ClO
2
("".
o
%& "*4/,)0
2. 1o s2nh %& gii thch ' mnh3
(a) tnh a4it* tnh o4i ha c5a c2c ch6t HClO* HClO
2
* HClO
7
%& HClO
4
8
(9) tnh a4it* tnh h c5a c2c ch6t H:* HCl* H;<* H=
3. >ii thch s? 9i!n @i hAi lBCng <ing c5a nB-c thDo nhiEt '3
FhiEt ' (
o
C)888888888 G 4 "G "H 2G
I (gJml)8888888888888888 G*///.KK "*GGGGGG G*///+2+ G*///"2+ G*//.27G
P N I!
1. CLng thMc DlDct<on %& cLng thMc c6N to c5a hai phn t3
Cl
O
O Cl Cl
O
Cl Cl
O
Cl
O O
>c lin !t c5a Cl
2
O nh# h$n c5a ClO
2
l& %O ngNyn t t<Nng tm (O) c5a Cl
2
O c
hai cPp DlDct<on t? (o to l?c Qy Rp gc lin !t nhiSN h$n so %-i ngNyn t t<Nng
tm (Cl) c5a ClO
2
chT c 7 DlDct<on t? (o8
Uin !t Cl)O t<ong phn t ClO
2
c Pc tnh c5a lin !t Li (o s? c'ng hBVng %-i
DlDct<on 'c thn V t<n Cl hoPc O8 WPc tnh lin !t Li n&y l&m lin !t Cl)O t<ong
ClO
2
ngXn h$n t<ong Cl
2
O (chT chMa lin !t $n)8
2. W' mnh tnh a4it3
(a) HClO Y HClO
2
Y HClO
7
Y HClO
4
1A ngNyn t o4i hLng hi(<o4yl tZng l&m tZng ' phn c?c c5a lin !t O)H
(9) H: Y HCl Y H;< Y H=
;2n nh ngNyn t tZng l&m ' 9Sn lin !t gim* h nZng 9[ phn c?c ha c5a
lin !t H)\ tZng8
W' mnh tnh o4i ha ) h
(a) ]nh o4i ha gim3 HClO ^ HClO
2
^ HClO
7
^ HClO
4
1A ngNyn t o4i tZng l&m tZng ' 9Sn phn t (' 9'i lin !t tZng) nn ' mnh
tnh o4i ha gim8
(9) ]nh h tZng3 H: Y HCl Y H;< Y H=
;2n nh ngNyn t tZng l&m gim ' 9Sn phn t* l&m tZng tnh h
1,00
(G*HG2
)
2,00
(G*HG4
)
"
3. _ nB-c 2 (G
o
C)* c2c phn t lin !t %-i nhaN 9`ng lin !t H hOnh th&nh c6N t<ac tinh
th phn t h2 <bng (4Dm hOnh (B-i)* hAi lBCng <ing nh#8 chi nhiEt ' tZng (4
o
C)*
lin !t H 9[ ph2 %d m't phen hi!n c2c phn t 4ch li gen nhaN h$n nn hAi lBCng
<ing tZng8 chi ti!p tfc tZng nhiEt '* hong c2ch giga c2c phn t tZng l&m th tch
tZng ln nn hAi lBCng <ing gim8
H
O
H
H
H
O
O
H
O
H
H
H
1,00
(G*HG2
)
C!" II (4 im)
1. \2c [nh nhiEt hOnh th&nh hlCl
7
hi 9i!t3
hl
2
O
7
(<) i 7COCl
2
() 7CO
2
() i 2hlCl
7
(<) H
"
j )272*24 k
CO () i Cl
2
() COCl
2
() H
2
j )""2*4G k
2hl (<) i "*HO
2
() hl
2
O
7
() H
7
j )"KK.*2G k
FhiEt hOnh th&nh c5a CO3 H
4
j )""G*4G kJmol
FhiEt hOnh th&nh c5a CO
2
3 H
H
j )7/7*"7 kJmol8
2. ]i 2H
o
C phn Mng 9lc m't saN c h`ng sA tAc ' j "*.8"G
)H
s
)"
3
2F
2
O
H
() 4FO
2
() i O
2
()
mhn Mng t<n 4y <a t<ong 9Onh n c th tch 2G*G U hLng @i8 ;an eN lBCng F
2
O
H
cho %na ey
9Onh8 ]i thoi im ho s2t* 2p sN6t <ing c5a F
2
O
H
l& G*G+G atm8 >i thi!t c2c h SN l& h l tBVng8
(a) ]nh tAc ' (i) tiN thf F
2
O
H
p (ii) hOnh th&nh FO
2
p O
2
8
(9) ]nh sA phn t F
2
O
H
9[ phn tch saN 7G giy8
3. mhn Mng (B-i y t !n cn 9`ng V "G/c %-i h`ng sA cn 9`ng c
p
j "G3
C (<) i CO
2
() 2CO ()
(a) ]Om h&m lBCng h CO t<ong hbn hCp cn 9`ng* 9i!t 2p sN6t chNng c5a hE l& "*Hatm8
(9) W c h&m lBCng CO 9`ng HGq %S th tch thO 2p sN6t chNng l& 9ao nhiN0
P N I!
1. FhiEt hOnh th&nh hlCl
7
l& nhiEt c5a rN2 t<Onh3
hl i "*HCl
2
hlCl
7
W c rN2 t<Onh n&y ta sXp 4!p c2c phB$ng t<Onh nhB saN3
hl
2
O
7
(<) i 7COCl
2
() 7CO
2
() i 2hlCl
7
() H
"
7CO () i 7Cl
2
() 7COCl
2
() 7H
2

2hl (<) i "*HO
2
() hl
2
O
7
(<) H
7
7C () i "*HO
2
() 7CO () 7H
4
7CO
2
() 7C (<) i 7O
2
() 7()H
H
)
1aN hi t@ hCp c !t rN l&3
2hl (<) i 7Cl
2
() 2hlCl
7
(<) H
4
H
4
j H
"
i 7H
2
i H
7
i 7H
4
i 7()H
H
)
j ()272*24) i 7()""2*4G) i ()"KK.*2G) i 7()""G*4G) i 7(7/7*"7) j ) "7./*4H k
sly* nhiEt hOnh th&nh " mol hlCl
7
j )"7./*4H J 2 j ) K/4*+2H kJmol
1,50
("*GGiG*HG)
2
2. (a) p
i
s j n
i
t]

7 i
O F
O F
"G 8 .K4K * 2
2/. G.2 * G
G+ * G
t]
m
s
n
C
H 2
H 2

(mol8l
)"
)

. 7 H
O F
"G 8 "K * H "G 8 .K4K * 2 "G 8 . * " C 8 %
H 2

mol8l
)"
8s
)"
8
]n phB$ng t<Onh3 2F
2
O
H
() 4FO
2
() i O
2
()

(t
(C
(t
(C
4
"
(t
(C
2
"
%
2 2 H 2
O FO O F
+ +
nn %
tiN thf
(F
2
O
H
) j 2% j 2 H*"K8"G
).
j "G*728"G
).
mol8l
)"
8s
)"
%
hOnh th&nh
(FO
2
) j 4% j 4 H*"K8"G
).
j 2G*K48"G
).
mol8l
)"
8s
)"
%
hOnh th&nh
(O
2
) j % j H*"K8"G
).
mol8l
)"
8s
)"

(9) 1A phn t F
2
O
H
9[ phn h5y j %
tiN thf
(F
2
O
H
) s
9Onh
t F
o
(sA a%oga(<<o)
j "G*728"G
).
2G*G 7G K*G278"G
27

7*+8"G
"/
phn t

3. (a) C i CO
2
2CO

n
u v (" ) 4) 24 " i 4 (mol)
]a c3
H * "
4 "
4 "
4 "
4 2
m
m
c
2
CO
2
CO
m
2

1
]
1

+

j "G
4 j G*+/
sly hbn hCp cn 9`ng chMa 28G*+/ j "*H. mol CO (..*2+q) %& " w G*+/ j G*2" mol
CO
2
(""*+7q)
(9) ]n "G m
H * G
) H * G (
c
2
m
m j 2G atm8
1,00
(G*2H4)
0,50
1,00
(G*HG2)
C!" III (4 im)
1. si!t phB$ng t<Onh c2c phn Mng tB$ng Mng %-i t<Onh t? 9i!n @i sA o4i ha c5a lBN hNxnh saN y3
2
1

) " (

G
1

) 2 (

4
1
+

) 7 (

K
1
+

) 4 (

4
1
+

) H (

G
1

) K (

2
1

2. ]<Onh 9&y phB$ng ph2p nhln 9i!t c2c ion halogDnNa t<ong mbi (Nng ([ch hbn hCp saN y3 (a) Fa=
%& FaCl* (9) Fa= %& Fa;<8
3. si!t phB$ng t<Onh phn Mng minh hya rN2 t<Onh iSN ch! c2c ch6t saN y tn c2c $n ch6t halogDn
tB$ng Mng3 (a) HClO
4
* (9) =
2
O
H
* (c) Cl
2
O* (() O:
2
8
P N I!
1. mhB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
(") H
2
1 i "J2O
2
1 i H
2
O
(2) 1 i O
2

t
1O
2
(7) 1O
2
i Cl
2
i 2H
2
O H
2
1O
4
i 2HCl
(4) CN i 2H
2
1O
4
CN1O
4
i 1O
2
i 2H
2
O
(H) 1O
2
i 2H
2
1 71 i 2H
2
O
(K) 2Fa i 1
t
Fa
2
1
(Hyc sinh c th s (fng c2c phn Mng h2c cho rN2 t<Onh n&y)
1,50
(G*2HK
)
7
2. (a) ]hm tn tn hgFO
7
%&o mzN th* th6y 4N6t hiEn !t t5a %&ng t<B-c %& !t t5a t<Xng
saN* nhln <a BCc hai ion =
)
%& Cl
)
8
hg
i
i =
)

hg={ (%&ng)
hg
i
i Cl
)

hgCl{ (t<Xng)
(9) ]hm H
2
1O
4
%& 9Dn|Dn %&o mzN th8 ]hm tnng giyt nB-c clo* lXc SN8 ]h6y 4N6t
hiEn m&N tm t<ong l-p 9Dn|Dn* saN m6t m&N hi nB-c clo (B nhln <a =
)
8 ]hm ti!p
nB-c clo* 4N6t hiEn l-p %&ng nN t<ong l-p 9Dn|Dn nhln <a ;<
)
8
Cl
2
i 7=
)
2Cl
)
i =
7
)
=
2
i HCl
2
i KH
2
O "2H
i
i "GCl
)
i 2=O
7
)
Cl
2
i 2;<
)
2Cl
)
i ;<
2
3. (a) 7Cl
2
i KFaOH
t
HFaCl i FaClO
7
i 7H
2
O
4FaClO
7

t
FaCl i 7FaClO
4
FaClO
4
i H
2
1O
4
FaH1O
4
i HClO
4
(chBng c6t)
(9) 7=
2
i KOH
)
H=
)
i =O
7
)
i 7H
2
O
=O
7
)
i H
i
H=O
7
2H=O
7

t
=
2
O
H
i H
2
O
(c) 2Cl
2
i HgO Cl
2
O i HgCl
2
(() 2:
2
i 2OH
)
2:
)
i O:
2
i H
2
O
1,00
(G*HG2
)
1,50
G*HG
G*HG
G*2H
G*2H
C!" IV (4 im)
Cho K*GGG g mzN ch6t chMa :D
7
O
4
* :D
2
O
7
%& c2c tp ch6t t<$8 H}a tan mzN %&o lBCng (B (Nng ([ch c=
t<ong mLi t<Bong a4it (h t6t c sXt th&nh :D
2i
) to <a (Nng ([ch h8 mha long (Nng ([ch h !n th tch
HG mU8 UBCng =
2
c t<ong "G mU (Nng ([ch h phn Mng %na 5 %-i H*HGG mU (Nng ([ch Fa
2
1
2
O
7
"*GG~ (sinh <a 1
4
O
K
2)
)8 U6y 2H mU mzN (Nng ([ch h h2c* chi!t t2ch =
2
* lBCng :D
2i
t<ong (Nng ([ch c}n
li phn Mng %na 5 %-i 7*2G mU (Nng ([ch ~nO
4
)
"*GGG~ t<ong H
2
1O
4
8
1. si!t c2c phB$ng t<Onh phn Mng 4y <a ((ng phB$ng t<Onh ion thN gyn)8
2. ]nh phen t<Zm hAi lBCng :D
7
O
4
%& :D
2
O
7
t<ong mzN 9an eN8
P N I!
1. mhB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
:D
7
O
4
i 2=
)
i .H
i
7:D
2i
i =
2
i

4H
2
O (")
:D
2
O
7
i 2=
)
i KH
i
2:D
2i
i =
2
i

7H
2
O (2)
21
2
O
7
2)
i =
2
1
4
O
K
2)
i 2=
)
(7)
H:D
2i
i ~nO
4
)
i .H
i
H:D
7i
i ~n
2i
i 4H
2
O (4)
2. ]nh phen t<Zm3
(7)
mol GG2+H * G " GGHH * G
2
"
n
2
"
n
2
7 2
2 O 1
) 7 ( =


(4)
mol G"K * G " GG72 * G H n H n
4
2
~nO ) 4 ( :D

+

WPt sA mol :D
7
O
4
%& :D
2
O
7
len lBCt l& 4 %& y ta c3

'

'

+
+
GG/2H * G y
GG4H * G 4
G"7+H * G H GG2+H * G y 4
G72 * G 2 G"K * G y 2 4 7
q 4 * "+ q "GG
GGG * K
272 GG4H * G
m q
4 7
O :D

2,00
(G*HG4
)
2,00
4
q + * 24 q "GG
GGG * K
"KG GG/2H * G
m q
7 2
O :D

C!" V (4 im)
]h?c t! ho2ng pi<it c th coi l& hbn hCp c5a :D1
2
%& :D18 chi 4 l m't mzN ho2ng pi<it 9`ng 9<om
t<ong (Nng ([ch cOH (B ngBoi ta thN BCc !t t5a # nN h %& (Nng ([ch ;8 FNng !t t5a ; !n hAi
lBCng hLng @i thN BCc G*2g ch6t <Xn8 ]hm lBCng (B (Nng ([ch ;aCl
2
%&o (Nng ([ch ; thO thN BCc
"*"G.+g !t t5a t<Xng hLng tan t<ong a4it8
1. si!t c2c phB$ng t<Onh phn Mng8
2. \2c [nh cLng thMc t@ng c5a pi<it8
3. ]nh hAi lBCng 9<om thDo l thNy!t cen o4i ha mzN ho2ng8
P N I!
1. mhB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
2:D1
2
i "H;<
2
i 7.OH
)
2:D(OH)
7
i 41O
4
2)
i 7G;<
)
i "KH
2
O(")
2:D1 i /;<
2
i 22OH
)
2:D(OH)
7
i 21O
4
2)
i ".;<
)
i .H
2
O (2)
2:D(OH)
7
:D
2
O
7
i 7H
2
O (7)
;a
2i
i 1O
4
2)
;a1O
4
(4)
2. CLng thMc3
mol "G 8 H * 2
"KG
2 * G
2 n 2 n * mol "G 8 +H * 4
277
"G.+ * "
n n
7
O :D :D
7
1O ;a 1
7 2 4


/ * " 3 " "G 8 +H * 4 3 "G 8 H * 2 n 3 n
7 7
1 :D


cLng thMc :D1
"*/
3. >yi sA mol :D1
2
%& :D1 len lBCt l& 4 %& y ta c3

'

'

+
+

7
7
7
7
"G 8 2H * G y
"G 8 2H * 2 4
"G 8 +H * 4 y 4 2
"G 8 H * 2 y 4
g .. * 2 "KG "G 8 2H * G
2
/
"G 8 2H * 2
2
"H
m
7 7
;<
2

,
_

+

2,00
(G*HG4
)
1,00
1,00
H
S GIO DC V O TO
THNH PH NNG
THI HC SINH GII THNH PH
MN: HA HC LP 1
Thi gian: 150 pht (khng k thi gian giao )
CU I (4 im)
"8 FgNyn t c5a ngNyn tA \ c iEn tch ht nhn 9`ng i4"*KH28"G
)"/
Cp ngNyn t c5a ngNyn tA
c hAi lBCng 9`ng "*.8"G
)22
gam8 \2c [nh \* %& (?a t<n c6N hOnh DlDct<on* hy cho 9i!t (c gii
thch) mMc o4i ha 9Sn nh6t c5a \ %& t<ong hCp ch6t8
28 (a) Hy cho 9i!t (c gii thch) thDo thNy!t lin !t ha t<[ thO lBN hNxnh (1) c th c c'ng ha t<[
9`ng 9ao nhiN0
(9) Cho 9i!t c6N to $n phn t %& (ng hOnh hyc c5a hCp ch6t %-i hi<o* o4it %& hi<o4it c5a lBN
hNxnh tB$ng Mng %-i c2c gi2 t<[ c'ng ha t<[ 42c [nh V cN (a)8
78 FZng lBCng ion ha thM nh6t (=
"
) kJmol) c5a c2c ngNyn tA chN x 2 c gi2 t<[ (hLng thDo t<lt t?)
"4G2* "7"4* H2G* .//* 2G."* .G"* "G.K* "K."8 >2n c2c gi2 t<[ n&y cho c2c ngNyn tA tB$ng Mng8
>ii thch8
P N I#M
"8
2K
"G 8 KG2 * "
"G 8 KH2 * 4"

"/
"/
\

* \ l& sXt (Fe)p

N "G.
"G 8 KKGH * "
"G 8 +/7 * "
m
24
22

* l& 9c (Ag)
~Mc o4i ha 9Sn nh6t ca Fe l +3* Mng %-i c6N hOnh 9Sn l& c6N hOnh 92n 9o h}a phn
l-p ( ((
H
)3
H 2 K
<)7( (h
7
s 4 ( 7 ) h< (
:D D 7 :D
+

~Mc o4i ha 9Sn nh6t ca Ag l +1* Mng %-i c6N hOnh 9Sn l& c6N hOnh 9o h}a phn l-p
( ((
"G
)3
"G " "G
<)4( (h s H ( 4 ) c< (
g h D hg
+

1,00
28 (a) C'ng ha t<[ c5a m't ngNyn tA 9`ng s lin kt m nguyn t nguyn t to ra
c vi cc nguyn t khc trong phn t8 ]<ong thNy!t lin !t ha t<[* mbi lin !t
c'ng ha t<[ li BCc hOnh th&nh (o s? 4Dn ph5 c2c o9itan mang DlDct<on 'c thn8 FhB
%ly c th ni <`ng cng ha tr! c"a mt nguyn t #$ng s %l%ctron c thn c th& c
c"a nguyn t c"a nguyn t 8 sO c th c 2* 4 hoPc K DlDct<on 'c thn nn lBN
hNxnh c th c cng ha tr bng 2, 4, h!c "3
"K
1
7s 7p 7(
"K
1

7s 7p 7(
"K
1

7s 7p 7(
1,00
(9) C6N to %& (ng hOnh hyc3
1,00
K
H
2
1
1
H H
chV
1O
2
1
O O
chV
1O
7
1
O O
tam gic
O
H
2
1O
4
1
HO O
t din
OH
O
78 >i2 t<[ nZng lBCng ion ha tB$ng Mng %-i c2c ngNyn tA3
=h ==h ===h =sh sh s=h s==h s===h
#$ %e % C & ' F &e
2s
"
2s
2
2p
"
2p
2
2p
7
2p
4
2p
H
2p
K
=
"
(kJmol) 52
0
()
)
(01 10(
"
140
2
131
4
1"(1 20(1
FhOn chNng tn t<2i rNa phi t<ong m't chN x nZng lBCng ion ha =
"
tZng (en* ph hCp
%-i s? 9i!n thin nh# (en c5a 92n nh ngNyn t8
C hai 9i!n thin 96t thBong 4y <a V y l&3
) ]n ==h rNa ===h* nZng lBCng =
"
gim (o c s? chNyn tn c6N hOnh 9Sn ns
'
rNa c6N hOnh
Rm 9Sn h$n ns
'
np
(

(DlDct<on p ch[N nh hBVng chXn c5a c2c DlDct<on s nn lin !t %-i
ht nhn Rm 9Sn chPt h$n)8
) ]n sh rNa s=h* nZng lBCng =
"
gim (o c s? chNyn tn c6N hOnh 9Sn ns
'
np
)
rNa c6N
hOnh Rm 9Sn h$n ns
'
np
*
(t<ong p
7
chT c c2c DlDct<on 'c thn* p
4
c m't cPp ghRp Li*
4N6t hiEn l?c Qy giga c2c DlDct<on)8
1,00
CU II (4 im)
"8 ]nh nhiEt hOnh th&nh c5a ion clo<Na (Cl
)
) (?a t<n c2c (g liEN3
FhiEt hOnh th&nh HCl ()3 2 * /2 H
o
"
kJmol
FhiEt hOnh th&nh ion hi(<o (H
i
)3 G H
o
2
kJmol
HCl () i ar H
i
(ar) i Cl
)
(ar) "7 * +H H
o
7
kJmol
28 ch 1O
7
BCc t@ng hCp t<ong cLng nghiEp thDo phn Mng3
1O
2
() i "J2O
2
() 1O
7
() H )"/2*H k
WS ngh[ c2c 9iEn ph2p l&m tZng hiEN sN6t rN2 t<Onh t@ng hCp 1O
7
8
78 Cho cn 9`ng ha hyc saN3 F
2
O
4
()

2FO
2
() (")
]h?c nghiEm cho 9i!t hAi lBCng mol phn t t<Nng 9Onh c5a hai h t<n V 7H
o
C 9`ng +2*4H gJmol
%& V 4H
o
C 9`ng KK*.G gJmol8
(a) ]nh ' phn li c5a F
2
O
4
V mbi nhiEt ' t<n0
(9) ]nh h`ng sA cn 9`ng c
m
c5a (") V mbi nhiEt ' t<n0 ;i!t m j " atm
(c) Cho 9i!t thDo chiSN ngh[ch* phn Mng thN nhiEt hay t#a nhiEt0
P N I#M
a8 ]n gi thi!t3
2
"
H
2
() i
2
"
Cl
2
() HCl () 2 * /2 H
o
"
kJmol
(")
2
"
H
2
() i ar H
i
(ar) i D G H
o
2
kJmol
(2)
HCl () i ar H
i
(ar) i Cl
)
(ar)
"7 * +H H
o
7

kJmol (7)
U6y (") ) (2) i (7) ta c3
1,00
+
2
"
Cl
2
() i ar i D Cl
)
(ar)
o
4
H kJmol
+ ) mol J k "7 * +H ( ) mol J k G ( ) mol J k 2 * /2 ( H
o
4
*1"+,33 ,-./l
98 ) (]Zng 2p sN6t)*
) h nhiEt ' (4HG
o
C c 4ac t2c s
2
O
H
)*
) (tZng nng ' 1O
2
hoPc O
2
)*
) gim nng ' 1O
7
8
1,00
c8 \Rt cn 9`ng3 F
2
O
4
() 2FO
2
() (")
i8 >yi a l& sA mol c5a F
2
O
4
c t<ong " mol hbn hCp sA mol FO
2
t<ong " mol hbn
hCp l& (" ) a) mol
_ 7H
G
C c ~j +2*4H gJmol j /2a i 4K(" ) a)
a j G*H+H mol j nF
2
O
4
%& nFO
2
j G*42H mol
F
2
O
4
()

2FO
2
()
;an eN 4 G
mhn Mng G*2"2H G*42H
Cn 9`ng 4 ) G*2"2H G*42H
4 ) G*2"2H j G*H+H 4 j G*+.+H mol * %ly
q "GG
+.+H * G
2"2H * G
2",)(0
0,50
_ 4H
G
C c ~j KK*.G gJmol j /2a i 4K(" ) a)
a j G*4H2"mol j nF
2
O
4
%& nFO
2
j G*H4+/ mol
F
2
O
4()
2FO
2()
;an eN 4 G
mhn Mng G*2+7/H G*H4+/
Cn 9`ng 4 ) G*2+7/H G*H4+/
4 ) G*2+7/H j G*4H2" 4 j G*+2KGH mol * %ly
q "GG
+2KGH * G
2+7/H * G
3+,+30
0,50
ii8 m
n
n
m
hh
FO
FO
2
2
* m
n
n
m
hh
O F
O F
4 2
4 2
%& m j " atm
_ 7H
G
C
H+H * G
) 42H * G (
m
) m (
c
2
O F
2
FO
m
4 2
2
0,314
_ 4H
G
C
4H2" * G
) H4+/ * G (
m
) m (
c
2
O F
2
FO
m
4 2
2
0,""4
0,50
iii8 ]n !t rN th?c nghiEm ta th6y* hi nhiEt ' tZng tn 7H
G
C ln 4H
G
C thO

tZng8 C
ngha hi nhiEt ' tZng cn 9`ng ([ch chNyn thDo chiSN thNln8 sly thDo chiSN
thNln phn Mng thN nhiEt* nn thDo chiSN ngh[ch phn Mng t1a nh$2t8
0,50
CU III (4 im)
"8 1fc h clo rNa (Nng ([ch ali iotNa m't thoi gian (&i* saN ngBoi ta cho h tinh 9't %&o thO
hLng th6y 4N6t hiEn m&N 4anh8 Hy gii thch %& %i!t phB$ng t<Onh ho2 hyc minh hya8
28 W nhln 9i!t ion sNnit* ngBoi ta cho %&o m't Ang nghiEm " !n 2 giyt (Nng ([ch iot* 7 !n 4 giyt
(Nng ([ch h c chMa ion sNnit (")8 1aN cho ti!p %&o 2)7 giyt (Nng ([ch HCl %& %&i giyt (Nng
([ch ;aCl
2
th6y 4N6t hiEn !t t5a ; (2)8
(a) FN hiEn tBCng 4y <a t<ong c2c giai on "* 2 c5a th nghiEm %& %i!t phB$ng t<Onh ha hyc
minh hya8
.
(9) Cho 9i!t ti sao th nghiEm nhln 9i!t ion sNnit nN t<n thBong BCc ti!n h&nh t<ong mLi
t<Bong a4it hoPc mLi t<Bong t<Nng h}a* hLng BCc ti!n h&nh t<ong mLi t<Bong 9a|$0
78 H}a tan .*4 gam im loi ~ 9`ng (Nng ([ch H
2
1O
4
Pc nng (B* hay h}a tan H2*2 gam mNAi
cac9onat im loi n&y cng t<ong (Nng ([ch H
2
1O
4
Pc nng (B* thO lBCng h sinh <a SN l&m m6t
m&N cng m't lBCng 9<om t<ong (Nng ([ch8 si!t c2c phB$ng t<Onh ho2 hyc %& 42c [nh im loi ~*
cLng thMc phn t mNAi cac9onat8
P N I#M
"8 2c= i Cl
2

=
2
i 2cCl
1aN m't thoi gian c 4y <a phn Mng3
=
2
i HCl
2
i KH
2
O

2H=O
7
i "GHCl
1aN phn Mng hLng c =
2
t? (o nn h tinh 9't hLng chNyn sang m&N 4anh
1,00
28 (a) _ giai on (") mu + nu c"a ,ung ,!ch iot s- nht ,.n (o 4y <a s? o4i ho2 ion
sNnit th&nh ion sNnat thDo phB$ng t<Onh3
1O
7
2)
i =
2
i H
2
O 1O
4
2)
i 2H
i
i 2=
)

_ giai oan (2) /u0t hi1n kt t"a mu tr2ng (o s? hOnh th&nh !t t5a ;a1O
4
hLng tan
t<ong a4it3
1O
4
2)
i ;a
2i
;a1O
4

1,00
(9) chLng th?c hiEn t<ong mLi t<Bong iSm %O t<ong mLi t<Bong iSm s 4y <a phn
Mng t? o4i ho2 h c5a =
2
3 7=
2
i KOH
)
H=
)
i =O
7
)
i 7H
2
O 0,50
78 C2c phB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
2~ i 2mH
2
1O
4
~
2
(1O
4
)
m
i m1O
2
i 2mH
2
O
(")
~
2
(CO
7
)
n
i (2m)n)H
2
1O
4
~
2
(1O
4
)
m
i (m)n) 1O
2
i nCO
2
i (2m)n)H
2
O (2)
1O
2
i ;<
2
i 2H
2
O H
2
1O
4
i 2H;<
(7)
1,25
]hDo gi thi!t ) 2 ( 1O ) " ( 1O
2 2
n n

) n m (
n KG ~ 2
2 * H2
2
m
~
4 * .

+


n 2 * H2 m . * 47
mn 2H2
~

n j "* m j 2 ~ j "4*27 (loi)

n j "* m j 7 ~ j /*H (loi)
n j 2* m j 7 ~ j HK (hCp l)
sly ~ l& :D %& cLng thMc mNAi l& :DCO
7
8
0,+5
CU I3 (4 im)
"8 s hOnh (c cha thch ey 5) mL t th nghiEm iSN ch! Cl
2
hL tn ~nO
2
%& (Nng ([ch HCl8
28 cali clo<at BCc s (fng t<ong c2c ng&nh sn 4N6t (im* ph2o hoa %& ch6t n@8 ]<ong cLng nghiEp*
ali clo<at BCc iSN ch! 9`ng c2ch cho h clo i rNa nB-c %Li Nn nng* <i l6y (Nng ([ch nng
t<'n %-i cCl %& ngN'i cho ali clo<at !t tinh (phB$ng ph2p ")8 cali clo<at c}n BCc iSN
ch! 9`ng c2ch iEn phn (Nng ([ch cCl 2Hq V nhiEt ' +G !n +H
o
C (phB$ng ph2p 2)8
(a) si!t phB$ng t<Onh ha hyc 4y <a t<ong mbi phB$ng ph2p iSN ch! ali clo<at8
/
(9) ]nh hAi lBCng ali clo<Na %& iEn lBCng (thDo h8gio) cen to <a "GGg ali clo<at thDo
phB$ng ph2p 28
78 ]<ong cLng nghiEp* 9<om BCc iSN ch! tn nB-c 9in thDo rNy t<Onh nhB saN3 Cho m't lBCng (Nng
([ch H
2
1O
4
%&o m't lBCng nB-c 9in* ti!p thDo sfc h clo %&o (Nng ([ch m-i thN BCc (")* saN
(ng hLng h lLi cNAn h$i 9<om %&o (Nng ([ch Fa
2
CO
7
t-i 9o h}a 9<om (2)8 CNAi cng cho
H
2
1O
4
%&o (Nng ([ch 9o h}a 9<om (7)* thN h$i 9<om <i ha l#ng8
(a) Hy %i!t c2c phB$ng t<Onh ha hyc chnh 4y <a t<ong c2c rN2 t<Onh (")* (2)* (7)8
(9) Fhln 4Rt %S mAi rNan hE giga phn Mng 4y <a V (2) %& (7)8
P N I#M
"8 HOnh % mL t th nghiEm iSN ch! h Cl
2
hL
1,00
28 (a) mhB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
mhB$ng ph2p "3 KCl
2
i KCa(OH)
2
Ca(ClO
7
)
2
i HCaCl
2
i KH
2
O
Ca(ClO
7
)
2
i 2cCl 2cClO
7
i CaCl
2
0,50
mhB$ng ph2p 23
2 7
(p((
2
2 7 2
2 2 2
H 7 cClO O H 7 cCl
O H 7 cClO cCl H cOH K Cl 7
Cl cOH 2 H cCl 2 O H 2
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
0,50
(9)
.2 * KG
H * "22
H * +4 "GG
m
cCl

gam
. * 2K K
H * "22
"GG
n:
~
m
=t
131,2" (h8gio)
0,50
78 (a) C2c phB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
Cl
2
i 2Fa;<
+
H
2FaCl i ;<
2
(")
7;<
2
i 7Fa
2
CO
7
HFa;< i Fa;<O
7
i 7CO
2
(2)
HFa;< i Fa;<O
7
i 7H
2
1O
4
7Fa
2
1O
4
i 7;<
2
i 7H
2
O (7)
1,25
(9) (2) %& (7) l& c2c phn Mng thNln %& ngh[ch c5a cn 9`ng3
7;<
2
i KOH
)
H;<
)
i ;<O
7
)
i 7H
2
O
OH
)
H
i
0,25
CU 3 (4 im)
"8 Fhgng thay @i n&o c th 4y <a hi 9o rNn lN (&i t<ong 9Onh miEng hV c2c (Nng ([ch saN y3
(a) a4it sNnNhi<ic* (9) a4it 9<omhi<ic* (c) nB-c >ia)%Dn* (() (Nng ([ch H
2
1O
4
lm Pc8
"G
28 Hbn hCp h gm 9't 1 %& ~g8 WNn nng h t<ong iSN iEn hLng c hLng h* saN l&m ngN'i
%& cho sn phQm t2c (fng %-i (Nng ([ch HCl ((B) thN BCc 2*/.+ U h ; c tT hAi so %-i hLng
h 9`ng G*./KK8 WAt ch2y h!t h ;* saN cho to&n 9' sn phQm %&o "GGml H
2
O
2
Hq (I j
"gJmU) thN BCc (Nng ([ch I8 \2c [nh q hAi lBCng c2c ch6t t<ong h %& nng ' q c2c ch6t to
<a t<ong (Nng ([ch I8 Cho th tch c2c ch6t h o V iSN iEn tiN chNQn8
78 H&m lBCng cho phRp c5a tp ch6t lBN hNxnh t<ong nhin liEN l& G*7Gq8 FgBoi ta At ch2y ho&n to&n
"GG*G gam m't loi nhin liEN %& (zn sn phQm ch2y (gi thi!t chT c CO
2
* 1O
2
%& h$i nB-c) rNa
(Nng ([ch c~nO
4
H*G8"G
)7
~ t<ong H
2
1O
4
thO th6y th tch (Nng ([ch c~nO
4
phn Mng %na h!t
%-i lBCng sn phQm ch2y t<n l& K2H mU8 Hy tnh to2n 42c [nh 4Dm nhin liEN c BCc phRp
s (fng hay hLng0
P N I#M
"8 (a) sQn fc %&ng c5a !t t5a lBN hNxnh3 H
2
1 i "J2O
2
H
2
O i 1{
(9) INng ([ch c m&N %&ng nht3 "J2O
2
i 2H;< H
2
O i ;<
2
(c) ]ho2t h O
2
%& nng ' gim (en
FaClO i H
2
O i CO
2
FaHCO
7
i HClO
HClO HCl i "J2O
2
(() C m&N Dn (o s3 than ha ch6t 9Qn hgN c$ c t<ong hLng h8
C
n
(H
2
O)
m

4 2
1O H
nC i mH
2
O
1,00
28 mhB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
1 i ~g ~g1 (")
~g1 i 2HCl ~gCl
2
i H
2
1(2)
~g i 2HCl ~gCl
2
i H
2
(7)
0,50
2K 2/ ./KK * G ~; ; chMa H
2
1 %& H
2
u~g c (B saN phn Mng (")v
>yi 4 %& y len lBCt l& sA mol h H
2
1 %& H
2
* ta c

'

+
+
+
2K
y 4
y 2 4 74
4 * 22
/.+ * 2
y 4
>ii <a ta c 4 j G*" p y j
7
" * G
8 ]n (")* (2)* (7) ta c3
( )

+
,
_

q "GG
72 " * G 24
7
" * G
" * G
72 " * G
) 1 ( m q
500*
) ~g ( m q
500
0,50
H
2
1 i
2
7
O
2
1O
2
i H
2
O
G*" G*" G*"
H
2
i
2
"
O
2
H
2
O
G*G77 G*G77
1O
2
i H
2
O
2
H
2
1O
4
G*" G*"4+
G G*G4+ G*"
0,50
m((Nng ([ch) j
( ) ( ) . * "G. ". "77 * G K4 " * G "GG + +
gam
Cq(H
2
1O
4
) j
q "GG
. * "G.
/. 8 " * G
)0p Cq(H
2
O
2
) j

. * "G.
74 8 G4+ * G
1,4+0
0,50
78 mhB$ng t<Onh phn Mng3
1 i O
2

1O
2
0,50
""
(")
H1O
2
i 2c~nO
4
i 2H
2
O

c
2
1O
4
i 2~n1O
4
i 2H
2
1O
4
(2)
]n (") %& (2)
7
c~nO 1O 1
"G 8 ."2H * + GGH * G K2H * G
2
H
n
2
H
n n
4 2


mol

q "GG
"GG
72 "G 8 ."2H * +
m q
7
1
0,250 Y G*7Gq
sly nhin liEN t<n 456c 7h87 s (fng8
0,50
"2