Bi tp chng 4.

Tnh DFT v IDFT

N 1

X (k)N = x(n)N ej1kn

n=0

N 1

= [x(n)N cos(1kn) j sin(1kn)]

n=0

N 1

D y phn
thc: X R (k)N = x(n)N cos(1kn)
n=0

N 1

D y phn
o : X I (k)N = x(n)N sin(1kn)
n=0

D y modun: X (k)N = X 2R (k)N + X 2I (k)N

X (k)N
D y Argument
: K = arctg R

X I (k)N
2 N 2 phptnh
l ng gic
2 N 2 php
nhansthc
2 N(N 1)php
cng
sthc
Ngairac2 N php
binhph ong
,
N php
khaicn, N php
chiav
Nphp
lyarctg

Ch : DFT[rectN(n)]=N(k) l 1 vch k=0

1

L-1

N-1

4.1.xc nh DFT N mu ca cc dy sau:

2

*c 1. x ( n) = ej L nrect ( n) vi
1
L
N 1

X 1 (k) = e
n=0

kL
j(
1)
N
e
j(

k 1
)
N L

2
2
k 1
L 1 j 2 n( )
n
j
kn
L rect (n)e N
N
L
= e
L
n=0

kL
j(
1)
e N
j(

kL
sin( N 1)
L
1
sin( N L )

*2. Kh

L tc ko di thm N-L mu 0

k 1
)
N L

kL
j(
1)
N
e
j(

k 1
)
N L

kL

sin( N
L

sin( N

1)

1
)
L

k
1
j[ (L 2)+ ]
L
e N

x2(n)=(1-n/N)rectN(n)

j[

j 2 (

1e

k 1
)L
N L

k 1
j 2 ( )
N
L
1e

k
k 1
(L 1)( )]
N
N L

kL
1)
N

j 2 (

k 1
)
N L

1)

j[

1e
1e
kL

j 2 (

sin( N
L

sin( N

1
)
L

k
k 1
(L 1)( )]
N
N L

j kn N 1
n
n j N kn N 1 j N kn 1 N 1 j N kn
N
X 2 (k) = (1 )rectN (n)e
= (1 )e
= e
ne
N
N
N n= 0
n= 0
n= 0
n= 0
2
sink
j kN
k

1 e N
1 e j 2 k ejk e jk e jk
e jk N khik = 0
k

*
=
=
=
=
2
2

k j k 0 khi k 0
j k
j k
j k
j k j k
sin e N
1 e N 1 e N e N e N e N

N
k
N k
N
N 1

Thnh phn th 2 s dng nh l o hm nh ca FT.

Theo FT:

sin N j N

N 2 e2
2
N khi = 0
N
j N
N 1
1

e
j N
2
FT[rectN (n)] = X (ej ) = e j n =
=
=
1 e

1 e j
n= 0
khi 0

j
sin j

e
2 2e 2

2
d j Ne j N (1 e j ) e j (1 e j N )
FT[nrectN (n)] = j X (e ) = j
=
d
(1 ej )2
Ne j N Ne j (N+ 1) e j + e j (N+ 1) Ne j N e j e j (N+ 1) (N 1)
j
=j
(1 ej )2
(1 e j )2
Chuyn sang DFT

DFT[nrectN (n)] = j

Ne

2
Nk
N

(1 e

2
k
N

) e
j

(1 e
j

N(1 e
j

(1 e

DFT[

2
k
N

2
k
2
N

(1 e

2
kN
N

2
k
2
N

=j

1
2
2
j k
j k
j 2 k
N
Ne
(1 e
) e N (1

(1 e

n
rectN (n)] = j
N

(1 e

2
k
N

1
j

(1 e

2
k
N

2
2
) 1 cos k + j sin k
N
N

2
sin k

N
j arctg
2
2
1 cos k
N

2
2(1 cos k)
N

2
sin k

N
j arctg
2
2
1 cos k
N

khi k = 0

2 Biuthcny
2(1 cos k)
N

2
e
x3(n)= cos( n)rect
N (n)=
N

3. *c
N 1

X 3(k)=

n= 0

2
n
N

+e
2

2
k
2
N

khi n = 0 v chph

X 2 (k)8 =

= jN

2
k
N

2
n
N

-j

rectN (n)e N

kn

2
n
N

+e
2

2
n
N

rectN (n)

-j
kn
1 N 1 j N n
e rectN (n)e N +
2 n= 0

Vi k = 0 N

- j kn 1 N 1 - j n(k 1) 1 N 1 - j n( k + 1)
1 N 1 j N n
+ e N
=
e rectN (n)e N = e N
2 n= 0
2 n= 0
2 n= 0
2
2

- j (k 1)N
- j ( k+ 1)N
N
1 1 e
1 e N
=
+
2

- j (k 1)
- j (k + 1)
2
1 e N

1 e N

1 1 ej2 (k1) 1 e- j2 (k+ 1)

+
D ngsinx / x
2
2
- j (k 1)
- j (k + 1)
2
1 e N
1 e N

si2 (k 1) - j (k1)N
0 vi n 1
1 e
e
e
e
(k 1) e N
=
=
=

- j (k 1)
j (k 1)
- j (k 1) - j (k 1)
- j ( k 1)
N vi n = 1
sin (k 1) e N
1 e N
eN
e N
eN

(k 1) N

N
(k 1)
N
si2 (k + 1) - j (k+ 1)N
(k + 1)
- j2 (k + 1)
j (k + 1)
- j (k + 1)
- j ( k + 1)
0 vi n 1
1 e
e
e
e
(k + 1) e N
=
=
=

- j (k + 1)
j (k + 1)
- j (k + 1) - j (k + 1)
- j ( k+ 1)
N vi n = 1
sin (k + 1) e N
1 e N
eN
e N
eN

(k + 1) N

N
(k + 1)
N
N
N
N n X (k) = ; 0 ;
3
2 2
- j2 (k 1)

44..

j (k 1)

- j (k 1)

- j (k 1)

(k 1)

2
n
N

2
n
N

*c x4(n)=sin ( 2 n )rect N (n ) = rect N (n ) e

N
N 1

X 4 (k)N = x4 (n)N e
n=0

2
kn
N

N 1 j

= e
n=0

2
kn
N

2
n
N

e
2j

2
( k1)N

e
2j

2
n
N

2
2
2
2
1 N 1 j N kn j N n N 1 j N kn j N n
=
e
e
e
e
=
2j
n=0
n=0

2
( k+1)N

2
2
1 N 1 j N (k1)n N 1 j N (k+1)n 1 1 e N
1e N
e

] t ongt 3)

= [
2
2
2j
2
j
j
( k1)
j
( k+1)
n=0
n=0

1e N
1e N
jN
jN
X 4 (k) =
; 0 ;

2
2

4.2**c

x(n)=anrectL(n) Ly DFT ca n vi chu k l N L:

k di thm N-L mu 0

L 1

X (k) = ane

2
kn
N

n= 0

2
kL
N

2
k
N

1 aL e

1 ae

a = 0,8; N = 4; L = 2 X (k)4 =

1 0,82 e

1 0,8e
X (0) =
X (1) =

1 0,82 e jk
j

1 0,8e

k
2

1 0,8
0,36
=
=1,8
1 0,8
0,2
j

1 0,8e

1 0,82 ej 2
j

1 0,8e
X (3) =

2
k
4

1 0,82 ej

X (2) =

2
k2
4

2
2

1 0,82 ej3
j

1 0,8e

3
2

1 + 0,82 1,64
=
(1 + j0,8) =1 + j0,8 =1,28ej 0,6748
1 j0,8 1,64

=
=

1 0,82 0,36
=
= 0,2
1 + 0,8
1,8

1 + 0,82 1,64
=
(1 j0,8) 1,28ej 0,6748
1 + j0,8 1,64

Arg[X(K)] rad

0,675
0 1

2 3

1 2
-0,675

4.3 *Tnh trc tip X(k)5 ca x(n)={2;1;0;1;2}

j

X (k)5 = x(n)e

2
kn
5

= 2.e

n=1

X (0)5 = 2.e

2
0.0
5

2
j 1.0
5

X (1)5 = 2.e

+ 1.e

2
0.1
5

2
j 1.1
5

+ 1.e

2
k0
5

+ 1.e
j

+ 0.e

2
02
5

2
j 1.2
5

+ 0.e

2
k1
5

+ 0.e
j

+ 1.e

2
0.3
5

2
j 1.3
5

+ 1.e

2
k2
5

+ 1.e
j

+ 2.e

2
0.4
5

2
j 1.4
5

+ 2.e

2
k3
5

+ 2.e

2
k4
5

=6
j

=2+e

2
5

+e

6
5

+ 2.e

8
5

2 + (0,309 j0,951) + (0,809 + j0,588) + 2(0,309 + j0,951) = 2,118 j3,411 = 4,04ej1,015

X (2)5 = 2.e

2
2.0
5

+1.e

2
2.1
5

+ 0.e

2
2.2
5

+1.e

2
2.3
5

+ 2.e

2
2.4
5

= 2 +e

4
5

+e

8
5

+ 2.e

12
5

j 0,628

2 + (,809 j0,588) + (0,309 + j0,951) + 2(0,309 j0,951) = 2,118 j1,539 = 2,618e

j

X (3)5 = 2.e

2
3.0
5

+1.e

2
3.1
5

+ 0.e

2
3.2
5

+1.e

2
3.3
5

+ 2.e

2
3.4
5

= 2 +e

6
5

+e

18
5

+ 2.e

24
5

j1,256

2 + (,809 + j0,588) + (0,309 + j0,951) + 2(0,809 j0,588) = 0,118 + j0,363 = 0,381e

j

X (4)5 = 2.e

2
4.0
5

+1.e

2
4.1
5

+ 0.e

2
4.2
5

+1.e

2
4.3
5

+ 2.e

2
4.4
5

= 2 +e

8
5

+e

16
5

+ 2.e

32
5

2 + (0,309 + j0,951) + (0,809 + j0,588) + 2(0,309 j0,951) = 2,118 + j0,363 = 2,148ej 0,1697

.
4.4 *c Tnh DFT trc tip X(k)8 ca x(n)={2;1;0;1;2}
Tnh trc tip:
j

X (k)8 = x(n)e

2
kn
8

n=0

= 2e

2
k0
8

X (1)8 = 2

+e

+e

j 1
4

+e

2
k1
8

+1.e
j

+e

j 0
4

+e

+1.x(n)e

j k
4

=2
X (0)8 = 2

+e

3
4

3
k
4

2
k3
8

+ 2.x(n)e

+ 2.ejk

+ 2.ej0 = 6

3
1
4

+ 2.ej1 =

2 +(
X (2)8 = 2
=2
X (3)8 = 2

j
2
2
2
2
2
j
) (
+j
) 2 = j2
= 2e 2
2
2
2
2
2

j 2
4

+e
j

+j

j 3
4

+e

+e 4
+ 1
=4
j

+e

3
3
4

+ 2.ej2 =

+ 2.e j 3 =

=2
X (4)8 = 2
=2
X (5)8 = 2
=2
X (6)8 = 2
=2
X (7)8 = 2
=2

j
2
2
2
2
+ j ) + ( j ) 2 = j 2 = 2e 2
2
2
2
2

j 4
4

+e

j 5
4

+e

+e

3
4
4

+ 2.e j 4 =
+2

3
j 5
4

+e

=2

+ 2.e j 5 =

j
2
2
2
2
+j
+
+j
2 = j 2 = 2e 2
2
2
2
2

j 6
4

+e
+j

+e

3
6
4

j 7
4

+e
+

+ 2.e j 6 =
+2

3
j 7
4

+e

=4

+ 2.e j 7 =

2
2
2
2
+j

+j
2
2
2
2
2

= j 2 = 2e 2

2
k4
8

4.5*c
Theo ng ngha:
N 1

DFT[x1 (n)] = X 1 (k)N = x1 (n)ej1kn

n=0

Nn:
DFT(1)n x1 (n)] = DFT(ej )n x1 (n)] = DFTejnx1 (n)] = X 2 (k)N = X 1 (k )N theo
tnh
chttr
trong
min
tn
s.

4.6 (.Tnh Nim IDFT ca:

1) *c X(k)N=2-krectN(k)

x(n) =

1
2 k rectN (k)e
N k =0
N 1

2
kn
N

1
2k e
N k =0
N 1

2
kn
N

1
(2 1 e
N k =0
N 1

1 1 2 N ejn2 1 1 2 N
=
2
2
j
n
j
n
N
N
1
N
1 2 e
1 2 1 e N
1 1 2N
1 1 2 N 2(1 2 N )
x(0) =
=
=
;
N 1 2 1 N 1 0,5
N
x(2) =

2
n
k
N

) =

2
Nn
N

1 1 2 e
=
2
j
n
N
1
1 2 e N

1 1 2N
2 1 2N
x(1) =
=
2
2
j
j
N
N
1
N
1 2 e
2e N

1 1 2 N
2 1 2 N
=
4
4
j
j
N
N
1
N
12 e
2 e N

..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...

x(N 1) =

2) X(k)N=(1-k/N)rectN(k);
2

2
N

1 2N
j 2 (1

2 e

1
)
N

j
kn
j
kn
j
kn
1 N 1
k
1 N 1
1 N 1
x(n) =
(1 )rectN (k)e N =
rectN (ke N 2 rectN (k)ke N =
N k=1
N
N k=1
N k =1

1 N 1 j N kn 1 N 1 j N kn
ke
=x1 (n) + x2 (n)
e
N k=0
N k=0
j

Nn

1 N 1 j N kn 1 1 e N
1 1 ej 2 n
x1 (n) =
=
=
=0
e
2
2
j
n
j
n
N k=0
N
N
1e N
1e N
2

x2 (n) =

x(n) =

j
0n
j 1.n
j
2.n
j
( N 1).n
1
[0e N +1e N + 2e N
+ ..........
(N 1)e N
]=
2
N

j
0n
j 1.n
j
2.n
j
( N 1).n
1 N 1 j N kn 1
= [0e N +1e N + 2e N
+ ..........
..(N 1)e N
]
ke
N k=0
N

j 1.n
j
2.n
j
( N 1).n
1
[e N + 2e N
+ .......(
N 1)e N
]
2
N

3) *c X(k)N=rectN(k)cos(2k/N)

1
2
x(n) = rectN (k) cos( k)e
N k= 0
N
N 1

2
kn
N

1
2
= cos( k)e
N k= 0
N
N 1

2
kn
N

1 e
=
N k= 0
N 1

2
k
N

+e
2

2
k
N

2
kn
N

1 N1 j N k j N kn N1 j N k j N kn
1 N1 j N k(n+1) N 1 j N k(n1)
[ e e
+ e
e
]=
[ e
+ e
]=
2 N k= 0
2 N k= 0
k= 0
k= 0
j

2
N (n+1)
N

2
N ( n1)
N

1 1 e
1
sinx
[
+
]
=

i
qua
hm
2
2
j ( n+1)
j ( n1)
2N
x
1 e N
1 e N
j

N ( n+1)

N ( n+1)

N ( n+1)

N ( n1)

N ( n1)

N ( n1)

1 e N
eN
eN
e N
eN
eN
x(n) =
[
+
]

j ( n+1)
j ( n+1)
j (n+1)
j ( n1)
j ( n1)
j ( n1)
2N
e N
eN
eN
e N
eN
eN
j

N ( n+1)
N

N ( n+1)
N

j ( n+1)(N 1)
N

1 e
e
[
e

j ( n+1)
j (n+1)
2N
eN
e N

n+1
j ( n+1
)
N

1 sin(n + 1)
[
e

2N
sin (n + 1)
N

N ( n1)
N

j ( n1)
N

N ( n1)
N

j (n1)
N

j (n1)(N 1)
N

]=

n1

sin(n 1) j(n1 N )
+
e
];

sin (n 1)
N
sin(n + 1)
(n + 1)
n+1
n+1
j

(
n
+
1

)
sin(n + 1)
sin(n 1) j(n+1 N )
(n + 1)
0
N
Khi n = 1
e
=
e = N v
e
=0

sin (n + 1)
sin (n + 1)
sin (n 1)

N
N
N
(n + 1)

N
(n + 1)
N
sin(n 1)
(n 1)
n1
n+1
sin(n 1) j(n1 N )
sin(n + 1) j(n+1 N )
(n 1)
0
Khi n = 1
e
=
e = N v
e
=0

sin (n 1)
sin (n 1)
sin (n + 1)

N
N
N
(n 1)

N
(n 1)
N
1
khi n = 1
x(n) = 2
0 khin 1
4. *c X(k)N=rectN(k)sin (2k/N)

1
2
x(n) =
rectN (k)sin( k)e
N k=0
N
N 1

2
kn
N

1
2
=
sin( k)e
N k=0
N
N 1

2
kn
N

1
e
=
N k=0

N 1

2
k
N

e
2j

2
k
N

2
kn
N

1 N 1 j N k j N kn N 1 j N k j N kn
1 N1 j N k(n+1) N 1 j N k(n1)
[ e
e
e
e
]=
[ e
e
]=
2 jN k=0
2 jN k=0
k=0
k=0
j

2
N ( n+1)
N

2
N ( n1)
N

1 1 e
1 e
sinx
[

] = iquahm
2
2
2 jN
j ( n+1)
j (n1)
x
1 e N
1 e N
j

N ( n+1)

N ( n+1)

N ( n+1)

N ( n1)

N ( n1)

j N ( n1)

1 e N
eN
eN
e N
eN
eN
x(n) =
[

j ( n+1)
j ( n+1)
j ( n+1)
j ( n1)
j ( n1)
j (n1)
2 jN
e N
eN
eN
e N
eN
eN
j

N ( n+1)
N

N ( n+1)
N

j ( n+1)(N 1)
N

1 e
e
[
e

j ( n+1)
j ( n+1)
2 jN
eN
e N

n+1
j ( n+1
)
N

1 sin(n + 1)
[
e

2 jN
sin (n + 1)
N

N ( n1)
N

j ( n1)
N

N ( n1)
N

j ( n1)
N

j ( n1)(N 1)
N

]=

n1

sin(n 1) j (n1 N )

e
];

sin (n 1)
N
sin(n + 1)
(n + 1)
n+1
n+1
sin(n + 1) j (n+1 N )
sin(n 1) j(n+1 N )
(n + 1)
0
Khi n = 1
e
=
e = N v
e
=0

sin (n + 1)
sin (n + 1)
sin (n 1)

N
N
N
(n + 1)

N
(n + 1)
N
sin(n 1)
(n 1)
n1
n+1
sin(n 1) j (n1 N )
sin(n + 1) j(n+1 N )
(n 1)
0
Khi n = 1
e
=
e = N v
e
=0

sin (n 1)
sin (n 1)
sin (n + 1)

N
N
(n 1) N

N
(n 1)
N

1
1 1 j2
= j = e khi n = 1
x(n) = 2 j
2 2
0 khi n 1

4.7. BCho x(n)N= -x(N-1-n)N , nn x(n) l phn i xng , N l c:

N 1
2

( N 1)

N 1
2n j 2 N k
N 1
2n
X (k)N = 2x(
) sin
ke
4.4.18;
A (k)N = 2x(
) sin
k 4.4.19
2
N
2
N
k =1
(N 1)
(k) =
k 4.4.20
2
N
Cc vch ph k= N/2;3N/2;5N/2;7N/2 l k l khng tn ti.
Cn c cc vch ng vi k = (N-1)/2ging cc vch3(N-1)/2; 5(N-1)/2;
7(N-1)/2 v ph tun hon .
4.8
Tnh 8 im DFT cho cc dy (N=8)
1. Tnh hay.

x1 (n) = [2 cos n + 3 sin n]rect8 (n)N

4
4
2

X1 (k)N = [2 cos n + 3 sin n]rect8 (n)e 8

4
4
n= 0
N 1

j n
4

[e

n= 0
7

j n
4

+e

j n( k 1)
4

[e

n= 0

(1 + j1,5)

j n
4

+ j1,5e

j n( k +1)
4

+e

1 e j 2 (k 1)

j (k 1)
4

j n
4

j1,5e

(1 + j1,5)

j (k 1)
4

]e

j n( k 1)
4

+ j1,5e

+ (1 j1,5)

= [2 cos n + 3 sin n]N e 8

4
4
n= 0
7

j n( k +1)
4

j1,5e

n= 0

j ( k +1)
4

1 e

ej(k 1) ej(k 1) e j(k 1)

j ( k 1)
8

j (k 1)
8

j (k 1)
8

sin((k 1))
j( k 1)
8 khi k = 1
(k 1) e
(1 + j1,5)
=
(
1
+
j
1
,
5
)

j ( k 1)
0 khik 1
sin (k 1) e 8

8
(k 1)

8
(k 1)
8
(k 1)

Thnhphn
2:
(1 j1,5)

1 e j 2 (k +1)

j ( k + 1)
4

= (1 j1,5)

1 e

ej (k + 1) ej (k + 1) e j (k + 1)

j ( k 1)
8

j ( k + 1)
8

j (k + 1)
8

sin( (k + 1))
j ( k + 1)
8 khi n = 1
(k + 1) e
(1 j1,5)
=
(
1

j
1
,
5
)

j ( k + 1)
0 khin 1
sin (k + 1) e 8

(k + 1) 8

8
(k + 1)
8
X1 (k) = (1 j1,5) ; 0 ; 1 + j1,5
(k + 1)

j n( k 1)
4

] = [1 + j1,5] e

1 e
= (1 + j1,5)

kn

1 e j 2 (k +1)

1 e
Thnhphn
1:

1 e j 2 (k 1)

j kn
4

kn

+ [1 j1,5] e
n= 0

2..

x2 (n) =2-nrect5(n)+ 3-nrect5(n)

7

- j kn
4

X 2 (k)8 = (2 rect5 (n) + 3 rect4 (n))e

-n

n=0

- j kn
4

X 12 (k)8 = 2 nrect5 (n)e

n=0

X 12 (0)8 =

1 0,5e

5
4

-j

1 0,5e
1

- j kn
n
4

= 2 e
n=0

2
2
+j
) (1 +
2
2 =
=
2
2
1 0,5(
j
)
(1
2
2
1 0,5(

2
) j
4
2
)+ j
4

2
2
2
2
2
[(1 +
) j
][(1
)+ j
]
4 =
4
4
4
4 =
2
2
2

2
2
1
+

4
4
4

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
j
(1
)+ j
(1 +
)+
1 j
+j +j
+j
1+ j
16
4
4
4
4
16 =
4
16
4
16 =
4 = 4+j
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 1 5 2 2
12
+
+
1
+
+
1
+
4
16 16
2
16 16
2
4
-j

X 12 (2)8 =

1 0,5e

5
2

-j
2

1 0,5e

1 + j0,5
=1
1 + j0,5

2
2
2
+j
)
1
j
2
2
4
X (3)8 =
=
=
3
-j
2
2
2
4
1 0,5(
j
) 1+
+j
1 0,5e
2
2
4
1
2
1
2
1 1
1
1 j
j +j
j +
1 j
8
4
8
4
8 8=
4 = 4j
2 1 1
2 1 5+2 2
1+
+ +
1+
+
2
8 8
2
4
-j5
1

0
,
5
e
1
+
0
,
5
X 12 (4)8 =
=
=1
1 0,5e- j 1 + 0,5
-j

1
2

-j 5k

-j k
1 0,5e 4
= 2-1 e 4 =
=

-j k
n=0

4
1 0,5e
4

0,5
=1
0,5
-j

X 12 (1)8 =

= X 12 (k)8 + X 22 (k)8

1 0,5e

15
4

1 0,5(

2
2
2
(1
j
)(1 +
4 =
4
4
2
2 2
(1 +
) +(
4
4

2
2
+j
)
4
4 =
2 2
)
4

2
2
2
2
j
)
1
+j
)
2
2
4
4 =
X 12 (5)8 =
=
=
=

- j5
- j5
2
2
2
2
+j
) 1
j
)
1 0,5e 4
1 0,5e 4 1 0,5(
2
2
4
4
2 1
2
1
2
1 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
+ +j
j +j
j
(1
+j
)(1
+j
) 1
1
+j
j
2
8
4
8
4
8 8 =
4
4
4
4 =
2
2
4 =
2 2
2 2
2 1
2 1
(1
) +(
)
1
+
1
+
4
4
2
4
2
4
2(1 2 ) j(1 2 )
52 2
-j

1 0,5e

25

-j

1 0,5e

1 0,5(

-j

X 12 (6)8 =

1 0,5e

15

3
-j
2

1 0,5e

1 j0,5
=1
1 j0,5

2
2
2
2
+j
(1 +
+j
)(1 +
1 j0,5
4
4 =
4
4
X 12 (7)8 =
=
7
-j
2
2
2 2
1
j
(1
) +(
1 0,5e 4
4
4
4
2 1
2
1
2
1 1
2 1
1+
+ +j
+j j
j +
1+
+
2
8
4
8
4
8 8 =
2
4 = 5+2
5 2
5 2
5
3
-j
4

1+

- j kn
4

X 2 (k)8 = (2 rect5 (n) + 3 rect4 (n))e

-n

n=0

- j kn
4

X (k)8 = 3 rect4 (n)e

2
2

n=0

X 22 (0)8 =
X 22 (1)8 =

2
=1
2
3 e- j

X 22 (3) =
X 22 (4) =
X 22 (5) =

3 e- j2
-j

3e
3 e-j3

-j 3
4

3e
3 e- j4

-j 4
4

3e
3 e- j5

-j 5
4

3e
X 22 (6) =

3 e- j6

-j 6
4

3e
X 22 (7) =

3 e-j7

-j 7
4

3e

- j kn
4

= 3 e
n=0

2
2

= X 12 (k)8 + X 22 (k)8

-j 4k
4

1
- jk

-j k
3 = 3e
= 3-1 e 4 =

-j k
-j k
n=0

e 4
3e 4
1
3
n

2
2 6 2 +j 2
+j
2
2
2
2(3 j) 3 j
=
=
=
3+ j
10
5
3

3e
X 22 (2)8 =

3 +1

-j
4

2
2
j
)
4
4 =
2 2
)
4

2(6 2 2 j2 2 )
10 3 2

8
8(6 + 2 j 2 )
8(6 + 2 j 2 ) 2(6 + 2 j 2 )
=
=
=
6 + 2 + j 2 36 + 12 2 + 2 + 2 36 + 12 2 + 2 + 2
10 + 3 2

2
=1
2

4
8
8(6 + 2 + j 2 ) 2(6 + 2 + j 2 )
=
=
=
2
2 6+ 2 j 2
40 + 12 2
10 + 3 2
3+
j
2
2
2
2(3 + j) 3 + j
=
=
=
3 j
10
5

4
8
8(6 2 + j 2 ) 2(6 2 + j 2 )
=
=
=
2
2 6 2 j 2
40 12 2
10 3 2
3
j
2
2

X 2 (0)8 = X 12 (0) + X 22 (0) = 2

X 2 (1)8 = X 12 (1) + X 22 (1) =

4+j
12 4 2 j4 2 28 16 2 j16 2 + j12 j4 2 + 4 2
+
=
=
5 2 2
10 3 2
50 20 2 15 2 +12

28 12 2 j8 2
62 35 2
3j 8j
=
5
5
4j
12 + 2 2 j2 2 ) 108 + 46 2 j(28 + 3 2 )
X 2 (3)8 = X 12 (3) + X 22 (3) =
+
=
5 +2 2
10 + 3 2
62 + 35 2
X 2 (2)8 = X 12 (2) + X 22 (2) = 1 +

X 2 (4)8 = X 12 (4) + X 22 (4) = 2

2(1 2 ) j(1 2 ) 2(6 2 + j 2 )
+
5 2 2
10 3 2
82 48 2 j(24 + 27 2 )

X 2 (5)8 = X 12 (5) + X 22 (5) =

2(1 2 ) j(1 2 )
=
5 2 2

62 35 2
3+ j 8+j
X 2 (6)8 = X 12 (6) + X 22 (6) = 1 +
=
5
5
5 + 2 2 2(6 2 + j 2 ) 52 +14 2 + j(8 +10 2 )
X 2 (7)8 = X 12 (7) + X 22 (7) =
+
=
5 2
10 3 2
62 35 2

3.c x3 (n) = 4 cos2 ( 8 n) = 2[1 + cos(4 n)]

j kn
j kn
7 j kn
7

4
4
X 3 (k) 8 = 2[1 + cos( n)]e
= 2 e
+ 2 cos( n)]e 4
4
4
n= 0
n= 0
n= 0

sink
j k8

j2 k
4
jk3
7 j kn
1

e
1

e
0 khk 0
k
*2 e 4 = 2
= 2
=2
e 4 =

n= 0
8 khk = 0
j k
j k
sink
1 e 4
1 e 4

4
k
4
k
4
7

7
7
j kn
j n
j n j kn
j n( k 1)
j n( k +1)

2 cos( n)]e 4 = (e 4 + e 4 )e 4 = (e 4
+e 4
)
4
n=0
n=0
n=0
sin(k 1)

j 8( k 1)
j 8( k +1)
(k 1)

j 2 ( k 1)
j 2 ( k +1)
4
4
j 3 ( k 1)
1e
1 e
1e
1e
(k 1)
+
=
+
=
e 4
+

j ( k 1)
j ( k +1)
j ( k 1)
j ( k +1)
sin (k 1)
1 e 4
1e 4
1e 4
1 e 4

4
((k 1))

4
(k 1)
4
7

sin (k + 1)

(k + 1) j3 4 (k+ 1) 4 khik = 1
e =
X3(K )8 = 4 ; 8 ; 4}

0 khik 1
sin (k + 1)

(k + 1) 4
4 (k + 1)
4
(k + 1)

4.x4(n)=2-nrect5(n)+3(n-4)
7

j kn
4

X 4 (k)8 = 2 ne
n=0

j k4
4

+e

j kn
4

= 2 n e
n=0

+ ejk = X 14 (k)8 + X 24 (k)8

1
2

X 4 (k)8 chnh
lX (k)8 trongbiny;
X 24 (k)8 {1;1;0;1;0;1;0;1 }

4.9
1)Tnh X(k)4 v X(k)8:

x(n)={3;2;1;0}

+ + + X (k)4 = x(n)e

2
kn
4

n=0

= 3e

0.0
2

X (0) = 3e

+ 2e

j 1.0
2

X (2) = 3e

0.1
2

2.0
2

j 3.0
2

+ 2e

2.1
2

+ 2e

+1.e

+1.e

2
kn
8

n=0

x(4)e

k.4
4

+ x(5)e

j 0.0
4

X (0) = 3e

j 1.0
4

X (1) = 3e

k5.
4

j 1.1
4

k2
2

= 3e

k.0
2

+ x(1)e

+ 2e

k.1
2

k.1
2

+1.e

+ x(2)e

k2
2

k2
2

k6
4

+1.e

= 2,82e j 0,785

= 3 + 2 j 1 = 2 + j2 = 2 2e 4 = 2,82ej 0,785
j

j 02
4

= 3 2 +1 = 2

kn
4

n=0

j 1.2
4

= x(0)e

k.0
2

= 3 2 j 1 = 2 j2 = 2 2e

+1.e

= x(n)e

+ x(6)e

+ 2e

kn
2

= 6;

2.2
2

j 0.1
4

+ 2e

02
2

+1.e

+ + + +X (k)8 = x(n)e
j

+1.e

j 3.2
2

k.1
2

+1.e

j 3.1
2

X (3) = 3e

= x(n)e

j 1.2
2

+ 2e

n=0

+ 2e

j 1.1
2

X (1) = 3e

k.0
2

+ x(7)e

= x(0)e

k7
4

k.0
4

= 3e

k.0
4

+ x(1)e
j

+ 2e

k.1
4

k.1
4

+ x(2)e
j

+1.e

k2
4

+ x(3)e

k3
4

k2
4

= 6; .

=3+2

2
(1 j) j = 3 + 2 (1 j) j = 3 + 2 j( 2 +1) =
2

4,14 j2,14 = 4,66ej 0,477 ;

j 2.0
4

X (2) = 3e

j 3.0
4

X (3) = 3e

j 2.1
4

+ 2e

j 3.1
4

+ 2e

j 2..2
4

= 3 2 j 1 = 2 j2 = 2 2ej / 4 = 2,82ej 0,785

+1.e

j 3..2
4

+1.e

=3+2

2
(1 j) + j = 3 + 2 (1 j) + j = 3 2 j( 2 1) =
2

1,59 j0,41 =1,642ej 0,252

j 4.0
4

X (4) = 3e

j 5.0
4

X (5) = 3e

j 4.1
4

+ 2e

j 5.1
4

+ 2e

j 4..2
4

+1.e

j 5..2
4

+1.e

= 3 2 +1 = 2
=3 +2

2
(1 + j) j = 3 + 2 (1 + j) j =
2

3 2 + j( 2 1) =1,642ej 0,252

j 6.0
4

X (6) = 3e

j 7.0
4

X (7) = 3e

j 6.1
4

+ 2e

j 7.1
4

+ 2e

j 6..2
4

+1.e

j 7..2
4

+1.e

= 3 + j2 1 = 2 + j2 = 2,82ej 0,785
= 3 + 2 (1 + j) + j = 3 + 2 + j( 2 +1) = 4,66ej 0,477

2)
a)Tm Y1(k)4 =DFT[x(n-2)]=
n=

CM tc tr:

2
j kn
N

m= n n0;n= n0 m= 0;
DFT[x(n n0)N]= x(n n0)Ne =
=
n= n0
n= N 1+ n0 m= N 1
N 1+ n0

2
2
2 2
2 2
N 1 j k(m+ n0 ) j kno N 1 j km j kno N 1 j kn j kno
N
N
N N
N N
N
N
N
N
m= 0
m= 0
n= 0

x(m) e = e x(m) e = e x( )n e = e X( )k

ng dng:

cc mu X(k)4 nhn vi

X (0) = 6;
X (1) = 2 2e
X (2) = 2
X (3) = 2 2e

2
k
4

= e jk =

Tc:

Y2 (0)4 = 6 = 6
(e0 = 1)

j( )
j5

4
Y2 (1)4 = 2 2e = 2 2e 4
pdngtrtuyntnh
Y2 (2)2 = 2

j( 3 )
j11
j3
4
4
Y2 (3)4 = 2 2e = 2 2e = 2 2e 4

j
4

j2

Tnh trc tip:

5

X (k)4 = x(n 2)e

2
kn
4

n=2

0..2
2

j 1..2
2

X (1) =3e

+ 2e

X (2) = 3e

X (3) = 3e

3..2
2

j 1..3
2

kn
2

3..3
2

+ 2e

0.4
2

j 1.4
2

+1.e

+ 2e

k.2
2

+1.e

j .2..3
2

+ 2e

= x(n)e

3e

0..3
2

+ 2e

j 2..2
2

n=2

=
X (0) =3e

+1.e

+ x(3)e

k.3
2

3.4
2

+ x(5)e

k4
2

k4
2

j3

= 3 + 2 j +1 = 2 + j2 = 2 2e

+1.e

= x(2)e

k2
2

= 6;

j 2.4
2

+1.e

k.3
2

j5

= 2 2e

= 3 2 +1 = 2
j3

= 3 2 j +1 = 2 j2 = 2 2e

Cho cng kt
qu nh trn
a) Chuyn sang DFT tun hon

X (0) = 6;
j

X (1) = 2 2e

X (2) = 2
j

X (3) = 2 2e

y cng l DFT tun hon :

khi x(n-2)l dch vng:{1;0;3;2] th ph bin ng im,ph pha

dch vng
+ s tnh th trc tp cho ~
x x(n-2)4={1;0;3;2]
3

Y 2 (k)4 = x(n 2)e

2
kn
4

n=0

j k 2
2

1 + 2e

n=0

j k3
2

+ 2e

j .0.3
2

X (0) = 1 + 3ej0 + 2e

j 1.3
2

X (1) = 1 + 3ej1 + 2e
j.2

X (2) = 1 + 3e

+2

j 2.3
2

j k.0
2

= 1.e

j k.1
2

+ 0.e

j k3
2

jk

= 1 + 2e

+ 2e

= 6;
j

= 1 3 + j2 = 2 + j 2 = 2 2e

5
4

=1 + 3 2 = 2

j 3.3
2

X (3) = 1 + 3ej3 + 2.e

j kn
2

= x(n 2)e

j 3

= 1 3 2 j = 2 j2 = 2 2e

X (0) = 6;
j

X (1) = 2 2e

X (2) = 2
j

X (3) = 2 2e 4

Tnh DFT ca
~
dy
x
={3,2,1,0}
cng s co
kt qu:

Dch /2.2k=k cho kt qu trn.

j k 2
2

+ 3.e

j k3
2

+ 2.e

4.10. c l ng dng cc tnh cht :

Cho DFT[x(n)N] =X(k)N.Tm
tt

TC

Y1 (k)N = 2X (k)N + 3 X (k)N

1. DFT ca y1(n)=2x(n)+2x(-n)

TC do bin

2. DFT[y2(n)]=DFT[x(n)N +2 x (n)] = X (k)N + 2 X .(k)N

trang i xng trang 162)
3. DFT[y3(n)=x(-n)*x(n-3)]=

j3 k

Y 2 (k) N = X (k) N .X (k) N e

= X (k) N

j3k

(tnh cht

2
N

4. DFT[y4(n)=DFT[x(n)Nx(N-1+n)]= DFT{x(n)Nx[n+(N-1))]}=
DFT[x(n)N]=X(k)N; DFT{x[n+(N-1))}=
j

X (k)N e

2
k( N 1)
N

= X (k)N ej 2 k e

2
k
N

= X (k)N e

2
k
N

j
k
1
X (k)N * [X (k)N .e N ] (trang 163)
N
11. c
Cho dy x(n)={3,0,1,2}
in vo bng:
Dch tuyn tnh
N
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
2
3
4
x(n)
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
2
0
x(n+ 0
3
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
3)
x(n0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0..
3)
x(n0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5)
x(-n)
0
2
1
0
3
0
0
0
0

Y 4 (k)N =

x(30
0
0
0
n)
* 3-n=-(n-3)
4.12.
a) x1(n)={3,2,1,0,2,1}

Dch
n
0
x(n)4 3
x(n+3 2
)4
x(n-3) 0

3
2
1

x(n-5)
4

x(-n) 4

x(3-n)
4

Tnh nng lng

vng
1 2
0 1
3 0

E X1 =

1 N 1
1 5
32 + 2 2 + 1 + 2 2 + 1 19
2
2
=
X 1 (k) = X 1 (k) =
N n=0
6 n=0
6
6

2
(N 1)
2
1 + cos4
+ cos4
+ ..cos4
N 1
1 N1
1 N1

2
N
N
N
b) E X 2 =
X 2 (k) = cos2 ( k) = cos4 ( k) =
N k=0
N k=0
N
N k=0
N
N

(N 2)
(N 2)
(N 1)
1 + cos4 [N (N 1) ] + cos4
+ cos4
+ cos4
N
N
N
N
=
N

2
3
2

1 + cos4
+ cos4
) + .......cos4 ( ) + cos4 ( ) + cos4 ( )
N
N
N
N
N
N

2
3
2

1 + cos4
+ cos4
+ .......cos4
+ cos4
) + cos4
N
N
N
N
N
N
4.13. c

-3

-2

x1(m)

x2(m)
x2(-m)
x2(1m)

Tch chp tt ca y(n)=x1(n)* x2(n)=

2-n rect3(n)* 3-n rect4(n)
-1
0
1
2
3
0

1/4

1
9

1
27

1
27

1
9
1
27

1
3
1
9

1
3

1
9

1
3

1
27

1
9

1
3

1
27

1
9

1
27

x2(2m)

x2(3m)

x2(5m)

1/2
1
3

1
27

x2(4m)

0
0

0
0

0
0

y(n)

y(0)=1
y(1)=

5
6

y(2)=

25
36

y(3)=

19
108

1
3

y(4)=

5
108

1
9

y(5)=

1
108

Tch chp vng ca y(n)=x1(n)* x2(n)=

2-n rect3(n)(*)6 3-n rect4(n)

x1(m)

1/2

1/4

x2(m)

1
3

1
9

1
27
1
27

1
9
1
27

1
3
1
9

x2(-m)
x2(1m)
x2(2m)
x2(3m)
x2(4m)

y(n)

y(0)=1

1
3

1
9

1
3

1
27

1
27

1
9

1
3

1
27

1
9

1
3

y(1)=

5
6

y(2)=

25
36

y(3)=

19
108

y(4)=

5
108
1

y(5)=
x2(50
0
1
27
9
3
108
m)
4.14 c 2)Tnh tch chp vng
1.y1(n)=cos(n2/N)rectN(n)* sin(n2/N)rectN(n). di l N nn cho c
th N
2.y2(n)=2-nrect3(n)* cos (

2
n) rect6(n)
3

Dy th nhtx1(n)2-nrect3(n) M=3, Dy th haix2(n)= cos (

rect6(n)c di
(

2
n)
3

L=6 chn N=6 y2(n)=2-nrect3(n)(*)6 cos

2
n) rect6(n) c di l6
3

N
2 rect3(k)
-n

x2(k
)
x2(-k){-0,5;0,5;1;0,5-0,5}
x2(1-k)
x2(2-k)
x2(3-k)
x2(4-k)

0
1

1
0,5

3
0

4
0

5
0

-0,5

2
0,2
5
-0,5

0,5

-0,5

-0,5

0,5

-0,5

-0,5

y(0)=0,875

0,5
0,5
1
0,5

-0,5

0,5

-0,5

y(1)=-0,125

-0,5

-0,5

0,5

y(2)=-0,5

-0,5
1

-0,5
-0,5

1
-0,5

-0,5
1

0,5
-0,5

y(1)=0,625
y(1)=0,875

x2(5-k)

0,5

0,5

-0,5

-0,5

y(1)=0