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Stroscher
Stroscher
Stroscher
t
=
Eigenfrequency of a beam:
Doubling the stiffness only leads to multiplication
of the eigenfrequency by about 1.4.
Most dangerous eigenfrequencies for
human excitation: 1.8 - 2.4 Hz
Application of dampers
Application of tuned mass dampers
2 DOF System
( ) t cos p
0
e
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) t C t C u
t C t C u
+ =
+ =
e e
e e
sin cos
sin cos
4 3 2
2 1 1
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 0 u u c u u k u m
t cos p u u c
u u k u k u m
1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
0 2 1 2
2 1 2 1 1 1 1
= + +
e = +
+ +
solution:
differential equations:
2
2
2
1 max , 1
C C u + =
2
4
2
3 max , 2
C C u + =
linear equation system by derivation of the solution
and application to the differential equations:
:= C [ ]
p0 ( )
+ +
m1
e
2
k1 k2
p0 c
e
p0 k2 p0 c
e
1
0
, 1
k
p
u
stat
=
1
1
1
m
k
= e
2
2
2
m
k
= e
1
2
e
e
o =
1
e
e
| =
2 2
2
2 e
=
m
c
1
2
m
m
=
static deformation:
eigenfrequencies:
Damping ratio of Lehr:
mass ratio:
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2
2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
, 1
max , 1
1 1 4
4
o | | | o | | |
o | |
+
+
=
stat
u
u
ratio of frequencies:
1
e
e
| =
stat
u
u
, 1
max , 1
=
10 . 0 =
32 . 0 =
0 =
All lines meet in the points S and T
S
|
T
|
stat stat
u
u
u
u
, 1
1
, 1
1
) ( ) 0 ( =
=
=
( )
o o
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
+ +
+
+ +
=
2
2
2
1 1
2
1
2
2
2 2 2
2
,T S
( )( ) ( ) 1 1
1
1
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
+ |
=
o | | | o
o |
0
2
2
2
1
2
2 2 2
2 4
=
+
o
+
+
o + o +
| |
( ):
stat , 1 u
1 u
in =
2
T
2
T
stat , 1
T , 1
2
S
2
S
stat , 1
S , 1
1
u
u
1
u
u
| + |
=
| + |
=
Optimisation of TMD
for the smallest deformation:
o
+
=
1
1
Optimal ratio of
eigenfrequencies:
Optimal
spring constant
2
k
( )
3
, 1 , 1 , 1
1 8
3
+
= =
stat T S
u u u Minimize
Optimal damping constant:
( )
3
1 8
3
+
=
opt
T S
u u
, 1 , 1
=
+
= | + |
1
2
2
T
2
S
+
o + o +
= | + |
2
1
2
2 2
2
T
2
S
Ratio of masses:
The higher the mass of the TMD is, the better is the damping.
Useful: from 0.02 (low effect) up to 0.1 (often constructive limit)
Ratio of frequencies: o
0.98 - 0.86
Damping Ratio of Lehr:
0.08 - 0.20
Different Assumptions of
Youngs Modulus and
Weights
Increased Main Mass
caused by the load
Adjustment:
Large displacement of the damper mass
Plastic deformation of the spring
Exceeding the limit of deformation
Problem:
Realization
damping of torsional oscillation
400 kg - 14 Hz
Millennium Bridge
Mass damper on an electricity cable
Pendular dampers