8/23/2012

Bi tp ln
Khi gi m t bi tp ln:
Mc tiu Ni dung cng vic Cc kt qu mong i K hoch lm vic nhm

Sinh vin gi trc 30/09 xut ca nhm mnh Gio vin s nh gi ti v cho php nhm thc hin hay khng

PHN II: QUY TRNH THIT K H TNG TC

I. Gii thiu chung II. c t yu cu v phn tch nhim v III. Thit k tng tc ngi dng my tnh IV. Kim th tnh tin dng v nh gi h thng V. Qun l h thng tng tc
2

8/23/2012

CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG

1. Thit k l g ? 2. Th no l mt thit k tt v mt thit k ti ? 3. Cc nguyn tc cho tnh dng c (usability principles) 4. Quy trnh thit k phn mm 5. Thit k tng tc l g ? 6. Quy trnh thit k h tng tc 7. Cc m thc thit k (paradigms)
3

1. Thit k l g
Design is achieving goals with constraints Goals:
Mc ch thit k to ra sn phm Sn phm cho i tng no Ti sao h li mun s dng n

Contraints

Trade-off

Phi s dng cc thit b g ? Cc chun m ta phi tun theo l g ? Gi thnh Thi gian pht trin nh hng n sc khe, an ton

La chn gia mc ch v cc rng buc lm tt nht nhim v t ra

8/23/2012

2. Thit k ti c mt khp mi ni
Ngh rng thit k ti ch xut hin trong giao tip vi my tnh l khng ng. Hy ngh li ! Hu ht cc vn v tnh hu dng u ch bt ra khi bn i du lch n mt nc l. Hy tng tng bn i du lch n mt t nc v bn gp phi nhng iu sau:

Trong mt phng ngh H Lan

Thit k ti u ?

xut ci thin ?

8/23/2012

Gim m thanh TV ca bn
Thit k ti u ?

xut ci thin ?

Robinet ? Vn theo chiu no y ?

Thit k ti u ?

xut ci thin ?

8/23/2012

V d 1: Th thoi (voice mail)

Bn c mt chuyn cng tc v phi ngh trong khch sn. Tuy nhin bn va pht hin ra mnh qun in thoi di ng nh v phi dng in thoi ca khch sn thc hin cc trao i cng vic. Khch sn c mt h thng th thoi trong mi phng. xem bn c tin nhn, bn nhn vo mt phm v nghe ting chung. Nu c 3 ting Beep, Beep, Beep ngha l c tin nhn.

V d 1: Th thoi (voice mail)

nghe tin nhn, bn phi tun theo cc ch dn sau:
1. Nhn nt 491". Bn lm nh vy v h thng tr li: Cho mng bn n vi trung tm tin nhn ca khch sn Sunrise. Vui lng nhn s phng m bn mun li tin nhn." Bn nhn s phng v ch nghe lm th no thu li tin nhn nhng khng c thm ch dn no na. Bn nhn vo hng dn v thy: "2. Bm s phng ca bn, tip theo bm du #". Bn lm nh vy v h thng tr li: Bn vo hm thoi ca phng 106. nhn tin, vui lng g vo password
10

8/23/2012

V d 1: Th thoi (voice mail)

Bn khng bit password l g, bn ngh l s phng ca bn, nhng khi bn bm th khng c tn hiu g!!! Bn mun t b vic kim tra tin nhn v gi l tn. L tn gii thch v cch thc thu v nghe tin nhn: Qu khch phi nhp vo ng thi im s phng v s m rng ca in thoi. Tip theo , qu khch phi lm 6 thao tc truy nhp vo hp thoi v 5 thao tc nhn thoi. Qu bc, bn i ra v mua mt chic in thoi mi

11

u l vn ca h thng th thoi?
Lm cho ngi s dng mun tc in ln v qu nhiu thao tc Ngi s dng cm thy m h, nghi ng v cc thao tc m mnh thc hin Khng hiu qu phi thc hin nhiu thao tc mt thi gian Khng th thc hin mt cch hin nhin: h thng cung cp thng tin ri rc khng y . KH S DNG

12

8/23/2012

Hy k mt s v d v thit k ti

13

V d 2: Marble answering machine

Do Durrell Bipshop cu sinh vin cao hc trng Royal College of Art in London thit k L mt v d u tin v thit k tng tc trong n c s kt ni hai th gii vt l v th gii S

14

8/23/2012

V d 2: Marble answering machine

Cc tin nhn c lu tr

15

V d 2: Marble answering machine

Ngi dng c th ty la chn tin nhn nghe theo th t bt k

16

8/23/2012

V d 2: Marble answering machine

Ngi dng phn loi cc tin nhn gi ti h.

17

V d 2: Marble answering machine

Ngi dng gi li ngi li li nhn

18

8/23/2012

Marble answering machine c g tt ?

S dng cc vt th quen thuc (hn bi) v ch ra c bao nhiu tin nhn n (s vin bi) Ngi dng cm thy thch th khi s dng (cm gic nh mt tr chi) Ch cn mt thao tc thc hin nhim v chnh Thit k n gin nhng rt lch lm t chc nng nhng bt k ai cng c th thc hin nghe bt k tin nhn no Tuy nhin: khng th s dng khch sn ? V cc vin bi c th b ly / gi lm k nim Ch khi thit k: cho ai, lm g, s dng u
19

3. Tnh dng c

Mt thit k tt cn m bo tnh dng c

20

10

8/23/2012

Nguyn tc ca tnh dng c

[Nielson-1993]
Tnh hiu qu Tnh d hc Tnh d nh Tnh d on li p ng tnh ch quan

3 tiu ch chnh:
Tnh d hc (Learnability) Tnh mm do (Flexibility) Tnh vng chc (Robustness)

21

3.1. D hc
Cho php ngi dng mi thiu kinh nghim
C th s dng V s dng t hiu qu ti a

Th hin cc tnh cht sau

Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh d on tng hp khi qut nht qun

22

11

8/23/2012

D on
Da vo tri thc bit xc nh cc tng tc mi v d bo kt qu V d 1: V d 2: trong thit k

23

D hc
Tnh tng hp
Tnh d on ch tp trung vo kh nng xc nh cc ng tc tip theo da vo ci qua Tnh tng hp cho php hnh thnh m hnh v hnh vi ca h thng t mt chui cc tng tc trc

Tnh thn thin

c o bi s tng h gia tri thc ang tn ti v tri thc cn c thc hin tng tc c hiu qu V d: trong cng ngh son tho vn bn, co s tng t gia bn phm ca my ch v my tnh

24

12

8/23/2012

D hc
Tnh khi qut
Tnh khi qut l tnh cht cho php ngi dng m rng tri thc t mt ng dng c th sang mt tnh hung tng t d bo m hnh tng tc hon thin hn V d: Trong mt gi ha: hnh vung l hnh ch nht c rng buc; trong h thng window, thao tc ctdn p dng cho mi i tng

Tnh nht qun:

hnh vi tng t trong cc tnh hung tng t

25

3.2. Mm do
i thoi ch ng a lung Di tr nhim v Thay th C nhn ha

26

13

8/23/2012

Mm do
i thoi ch ng:
Kiu i thoi u tin h thng
H thng ch ng mi i thoi Ngi dng n thun p ng cc yu cu V d: cc hp thoi ngn cm ND a thng tin trc tip vo

Kiu i thoi u tin ngi dng

ND hon ton ch ng i thoi Tuy nhin vic ch ng s lm mt vt ca cc nhim v m ngi dng ch ng ngh m cha c hon thnh

27

Mm do
a lung
Mt lung l mt phn ca i thoi c lin quan n mt nhim v no a lung cho php h tr nhiu hn mt nhim v ti mt thi im C hai c trng ca a lung
Nhiu knh c th cho php thc hin mt nhim v
M ca s = nhn kp chut trn mt biu tng; dng phm nng; ni hy m ca s

Mt biu din n c th to bng cch trn cc knh

H thng cnh bo = ca s cnh bo + sound (bipbip)

28

14

8/23/2012

Mm do
Di tr nhim v
Chuyn iu khin thc hin nhim v gia ngi dng v h thng V d:
Kim tra li chnh t ca vn bn iu khin bay trong bung li

Thay th
Tp cc gi tr tng ng c th thay th cho nhau ty theo ng dng V d: trong la chn v kch thc: cm, inch, point

29

Mm do
C nhn ha
Tnh thay i t ng m h thng mun thc hin da vo tri thc ca n v ngi dng V d: ngi dng c th thay i nh nn, tn, phm nng m mnh thch / hay s dng

30

15

8/23/2012

3.3. Vng chc

Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh quan st (Observability) khi phc (Recoverability) p ng (Responsiveness) tng hp nhim v (Task conformance)

31

Vng chc
Tnh quan st (Observability)
Cho php ngi dng nh gi c trng thi bn trong ca h thng nh biu din cm nhn c trn giao tip

Tnh khi phc (Recoverability)

Ngi dng gy li v mun sa li Tnh khi phc l kh nng t ti ch mong mun sau khi nhn ra mt s li trong cc tng tc trc
Khi phc kiu tin: Chp nhn trng thi hin ti, m phn t trng thi tin v trng thi ch Khi phc kiu li: th b i nh hng ca cc tng tc trc v

32

16

8/23/2012

Vng chc
Tnh p ng
o vn tc giao tip gia ngi dng v my tnh Thi gian p ng l thi gian cn thit thay i trng thi Mong mun: p ng tc th, tuy nhin h thng phi c thng bo nhn c yu cu v ang x l

Tnh tng hp nhim v

H thng khi thit k m bo p ng y cc yu cu trong c t Tuy nhin h thng nn c kh nng cho php ngi dng nh ngha cc nhim v mi

33

4. Cc m thc ca tnh dng c

M thc phn chia thi gian (Time Sharing) Cc thit b hin th quan st Cc cng c lp trnh My tnh c nhn H thng Windows v giao din WIMP Cnh tr iu khin trc tip Ngn ng ngc vi hnh ng Siu vn bn a th thc WEB Giao tip da vo tc t
34

17

8/23/2012

Ti sao cn nghin cu cc m thc ?

Lin quan n vic thit k cc h thng tng tc
Cc h thng phi c thit k th no m bo tnh dng c Tnh dng c c nh gi nh th no ? C o c hay khng ?

Cc h tng tc c thit k thnh cng cho php cung cp m thc cho vic pht trin cc h tng tc trong tng lai Xy dng cc h tng tc tin dng hn cc h tng tc v ang tn ti Tho lun v cc vn lin quan nhm ci tin thit k cc h tng tc
35

V nh
Sinh vin v t c sch Tng tc ngi my Nh xut bn KHKT ca thy Lng Mnh B Trong mi m thc nh gi
u im Nhc im S tin b ca m thc sau so vi m thc trc

36

18

8/23/2012

4.1. X l theo l
Giai on: 1950s 1960s X l theo l: tp lnh c lu trn ba hay bng giy sau np vo my tnh Nhc im:
Ti mt thi im, ch chy mt chng trnh ca mt ngi s dng Kh s dng, vng, cng knh, khng d bo c

37

4.2. Phn chia thi gian (time sharing)

Xut hin vo nhng nm 1960s
IBM 360, SDS 940, PDP-10

Cho php chia s ti nguyn tnh ton cho nhiu ngi s dng (Multi-users)
C ch lp lch cho php cc nhim v s c thi hnh Lu v chuyn i trng thi ngi s dng v trng thi chng trnh ca h Gn time slots cho mi cng vic: Job1: 0-5; Job 2: 510; Job 3: 10-15

u im: so vi x l theo l (batch processing)

Gia tng lng thng tin gia ngi dng v my tnh Cho php ngi dng tch cc hn v c tng tc kp thi
38

19

8/23/2012

4.3. Thit b hin th quan st (VDU)

Giai on: gia nhng nm 1950s c ng dng u tin trong qun s Chng trnh Sketchpad (Ivan Sutherland, 1962)
Ln u tin cho php biu din thng tin dng nh ln trn thit b Cho php ngi dng s dng my tnh to mt cch nhanh chng cc m hnh trc quan, tinh vi trn mn hnh hin th

ngha:
My tnh c s dng m rng kh nng ca con ngi thng qua vic hin th v iu khin cc biu din khc nhau ca cng mt thng tin tng sng to trong lch s pht trin my tnh
39

The first sketchpad [Ivan Sutherland,1962]

40

20

8/23/2012

http://mugtug.com/sketchpad/

41

4.4. Cc b cng c lp trnh

Douglas Engelbarts Augmenting Human Intellect, 1962
The secret to producing computing equipment that aids human problem-solving ability is providing the right toolkit

Engelbart v cc ng s xut cn pht trin mt b cng c lp trnh lm c s cho vic pht trin cc h thng phc tp hn u im:
Cc thnh phn nh khi c thit k tt v c hiu mt cch thu o s cho php to ra cc cng c ln hn Mt khi b cng c ln hn c hiu r, n s cho php to ra cc b cng c ln hn na v c th tip tc
42

21

8/23/2012

4.5. M thc iu khin trc tip

Nguyn l:
Tnh nhn thy c ca i tng quan tm: Gia tng hot ng vi phn hi nhanh chng ca mi hnh ng Khuyn khch ngi dng khm ph m khng phi cc hu qu nng n Mi hnh ng c c php chnh xc Thay th ngn ng dng lnh bi vic iu khin trc tip cc i tng nhn thy c

43

V d
Giao din: ko th mt file vo thng rc thay v s dng lnh rm ? (V sao li tt hn) Mt s lnh vc ng dng ca iu khin trc tip
Tr chi Hin th, M phng Hin thc o (C ch, gng tay) v.v

44

22

8/23/2012

4.6. Giao tip da vo tc t

V d
Tc t th tn lm nhim v lc th Tc t web d tm cc trang web Excel: tc t tnh tng ca cc s

u im
C th thay th cc hot ng ca ngi dng thc hin mt s nhim v

45

5. Quy trnh thit k phn mm

Cc m hnh vng i ca phn mm
M hnh thc nc M hnh vng i phn mm ca Bohem M hnh vng i hnh sao

46

23

8/23/2012

5.1. M hnh thc nc

Requirement Specification Architectural Design Detailed Design Coding and Testing Integration and Testing Operation and 47 Maintenance

5.2. M hnh Boherm

Requirement Specification

System Design

Coding

Testing Operation and Maintenance 48

24

8/23/2012

5.3. M hnh hnh sao

49

6. Thit k tng tc
nh ngha: Designing interactive products to support people in their everyday and working lives.

50

25

8/23/2012

Thit k tng tc cng lm vic

51

7. Quy trnh thit k h tng tc

Whats wanted Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles Design Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 52 Helps

26

8/23/2012

7.1. Ngi dng mun g

Whats wanted ? Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 53 Helps

7.1. Ngi dng mun g

Requirements Whats wanted ? Cc phng php thc hin
Phng vn Videotaping Tm kim v tra cu ti liu v vn lin quan Quan st trc tip

54

27

8/23/2012

7.2. Phn tch

Whats wanted ? Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 55 Helps

7.2. Phn tch

Phn tch: Cc kt qu thu nhn c t pha xc nh nhu cu s c sp xp theo cch thc no a ra cc vn chnh v trao i vi cc khu sau ca qu trnh thit k Cc phng php:
Xy dng kch bn Phn tch tc nhim

56

28

8/23/2012

7.3. Thit k
Whats wanted ? Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 57 Helps

7.3. Thit k
Thit k:
Mc d tt c quy trnh l thit k Tuy nhin: y l khu trng yu ca qu trnh

Cc phng php thit k da trn:

Lut tng tc Nguyn l thit k Guidelines

58

29

8/23/2012

7.4. To mu th
Whats wanted Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 59 Helps

7.4. To mu th
Vng lp v thit k mu th:
Con ngi l phc tp Chng ta khng ch i c th c mt thit k hon ho ngay ln u tin V th cn phi nh gi xem sn phm mu t c nh th no v ch no c th ci thin c

Cc phng php da trn:

K thut nh gi Thu nhn thng tin phn hi t ngi dng th

60

30

8/23/2012

7.5. Ci t v trin khai

Whats wanted Interview Ethnography what is there vs. what is wanted Dialogs Notations Prototype Evaluation Heuristics Scenario Task Analysis

Analysis

Guideline s Principles Design

Precise Specificatio n Implement and deploy Architectures Documentations 61 Helps

7.5. Ci t v trin khai

Ci t v khai thc:
Sau khi hi lng vi vic thit k chng ta i vo ci t v trin khai sn phm

Cc cng vic cn thc hin

Writing Codes Making harwares Writing documents, manuals

62

31

8/23/2012

Tng kt
SV nm bt c
Thit k l g Thit k tt/ti Cc nguyn l ca tnh dng c Cc m thc tng tc Quy trnh pht trin phn mm Thit k tng tc

63

32