WE HAVE REJECTED YOUR PROPOSAL Your proposal has been rejected ---- less direct WE PAID ATTENTION ON THE

ACTION THAN ON THE DOER The doer is obvious or is sb unknown To avoid to say who is responsible Be + past participle THE CAUSATIVE: when you ask sb to do sth for you Have/get + sth + past participle

I have my hair cut once a month. I had my house painted last month I have had the lawn mowed today I am going to have my eyes tested tomorrow. Have + sth + past participle: to refer to unpleasant situation/experiences

I had my bike stolen yesterday I have had my car crashed. She had her house broken up last week. THE PASSIVE IN COMPLEX SENTENCES They believe that she is innocent. Impersonal construction: It is believed that she is innocent. Personal construction: She is believed to be innocent. They expect that the weather will change. It is expected that the The weather is expected to change. They said he was an ex-convict. It was said he He was said to be an ex-convict.

They think she is stealing money from the company. It is thought she is. She is thought to be stealing money from the company. They think she stole money from the company. It is thought she. She is thought to have stolen money from the company.