n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

LI CM N
Em xin chn thnh cm n ton th qu thy c khoa
in in t
Trng i hc S Phm K Thut TPHM truyn th
nhng kin thc c bn, gip em hon thnh ti ny.
Xin chn thnh cm n thy Trng Ngc Anh,thy ht
lng gip ,hng dn tn tnh cho em nhng kin thc
qu bu em hon thnh ti ny.
Cui cng em xin cm n ton th cc thnh vin lp
099011A tn tnh chia s gip ti trong sut thi
gian thc hin ti.
Sinh vin thc hin
Bi Thanh Thun

1
SVTH :BI THANH THUN

 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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TP HCM, NgyThng Nm 2013
GVHD

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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

MC LC

NI DUNG

TRANG

Li cm n .................................................................................................................. 1
Nhn xt ca GVHD ................................................................................................... 2
Mc lc ....................................................................................................................... 3
Chng 1:Dn nhp .................................................................................................... 4
Chng 2:C s l lun .............................................................................................. 5
2.1 Gii thiu linh kin trong mch ............................................................................ 7
Chng 3:Thit k v thi cng ................................................................................... 22
3.1 Thit k phn cng ............................................................................................. 22
3.1.1 S khi .......................................................................................................... 22
3.1.2 Thit k chi tit tng khi .................................................................................. 23
Chng trnh ............................................................................................................... 35
Chng 4:Kt lun v ngh .................................................................................... 46

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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

CHNG 1: DN NHP
1.1 L do chn ti:
Ngy nay k thut vi iu khin tr nn quen thuc trong cc ngnh k thut v
trong dn dng.Cc b vi iu khin c kh nng x l nhiu hot ng phc tp m ch cn
mt chip vi mch nh ,n thay th cc t iu khin ln v phc tp bng nhng mch
in gn nh ,d dng thao tc v s dng.
Vi iu khin khng nhng gp phn vo k thut iu khin m cn gp phn to ln
vo vic pht trin thng tin. Chnh v nhng l do trn ,vic kho st,tm hiu vi iu khin
l iu m cc sinh vin ngnh in v c bit l sinh vin chuyn ngnh in-in t ht
sc quan tm. chnh l mt nhu cu cn thit v cp bch i vi bn thn em ni ring
v mi bn sinh vin ni chung, ti ny c thc hin nhm p ng yu cu .
Cc b iu khin s dng vi iu khin tuy n gin nhng vn hnh v s dng
c li l mt iu rt phc tp. Phn cng vic x l chnh vn ph thuc vo con ngi ,
chnh l chng trnh. Nu khng c s can thip tham gia ca con ngi th h thng vi
iu khin cng ch l nhng ci xc khng hn.
Vy lm th no thi hn vo nhng ci xc ? cch thc thit k xy dng phn
cng nh th no? th thut lp trnh iu khin phn cng ra sao?
Em quyt nh chn ti thit k cm hn gi dng vi x l 8952 tm ra cu tr
li cho nhng cu hi trn.
1.2 gii hn ti

ti s dng cc IC s v cc h vi x l 89 v PIC.
Giao tip quang dng opto triac MOC 3020 ti AC
Hin th trn 4 led 7 on,
2 led tng ng vi mi cm
4 nt nhn
Ti a 99 pht m xung.
Dng real time

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

CHNG 2 :C S L LUN
2.1. Gii thiu linh kin s dng trong mch.
- Vi x l 8952
- Ic 7805
- Ic 74247
- Ic Moc 3020
- Ds 1307
- Led 7 on (anode chung
- Transistor a1015
- Led n
- Diode
- Thch anh
- Nt nhn
- Triac
- T in
- in tr
1.Vi x l 8952
Chc nng chnh : l thnh phn iu khin trung tm ca mch.
Cc c im ca 8952 c tm tt nh sau :

8 KB EPROM bn trong.
128 Byte RAM ni.
4 Port xut /nhp I/O 8 bit.
Giao tip ni tip.
64 KB vng nh m ngoi
64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi.
X l Boolean (hot ng trn bit n).
210 v tr nh c th nh v bit.
4 s cho hot ng nhn hoc chia.

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

S khi

S chn

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chc nng cc chn ca 8952:

8952 c tt c 40 chn c chc nng nh cc ng xut nhp. Trong c 24 chn c
tc dng kp (c ngha 1 chn c 2 chc nng), mi ng c th hot ng nh ng
xut nhp hoc nh ng iu khin hoc l thnh phn ca cc bus d liu v bus a ch.
Cc Port:
Port 0 :
Port 0 l port c 2 chc nng cc chn 32 39 ca 8952. Trong cc thit k c nh
khng dng b nh m rng n c chc nng nh cc ng IO. i vi cc thit k c ln
c b nh m rng, n c kt hp gia bus a ch v bus d liu.
Port 1 :
Port 1 l port IO trn cc chn 1-8. Cc chn c k hiu P1.0, P1.1, P1.2, c th
dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi nu cn. Port 1 khng c chc nng khc, v vy
chng ch c dng cho giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi.
Port 2 :
Port 2 l 1 port c tc dng kp trn cc chn 21 - 28 c dng nh cc ng xut
nhp hoc l byte cao ca bus a ch i vi cc thit b dng b nh m rng.
Port 3:
- Port 3 l port c tc
dng kp trn cc chn
10 - 17. Cc chn ca
port ny c nhiu chc
nng, cc cng dng
chuyn i c lin h
vi cc c tnh c bit
ca 8952 nh bng
sau: Bit
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7

Tn

Chc nng chuyn i

RXT
TXD
INT0\
INT1\
T0
T1
WR\
RD\

Ng vo d liu ni tip.
Ng xut d liu ni tip.
Ng vo ngt cng th 0.
Ng vo ngt cng th 1.
Ng vo ca TIMER/COUNTER th
0.
Ng vo ca TIMER/COUNTER th
1.
Tn hiu ghi d liu ln b nh ngoi.
Tn hiu c b nh d liu ngoi.

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Ng tn hiu PSEN (Program store enable):

PSEN l tn hiu ng ra chn 29 c tc dng cho php c b nh chng trnh m
rng thng c ni n chn 0E\ (output enable) ca Eprom cho php c cc byte m
lnh.
PSEN mc thp trong thi gian Microcontroller 8952 ly lnh. Cc m lnh ca
chng trnh c c t Eprom qua bus d liu v c cht vo thanh ghi lnh bn trong
8952 gii m lnh. Khi 8952 thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni PSEN s mc logic
1.
Ng tn hiu iu khin ALE (Address Latch Enable ) :
Khi 8952 truy xut b nh bn ngoi, port 0 c chc nng l bus a ch v bus d liu
do phi tch cc ng d liu v a ch. Tn hiu ra ALE chn th 30 dng lm tn
hiu iu khin gii a hp cc ng a ch v d liu khi kt ni chng vi IC cht.
Tn hiu ra chn ALE l mt xung trong khong thi gian port 0 ng vai tr l a ch
thp nn cht a ch hon ton t ng.
Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trn chip v c th c
dng lm tn hiu clock cho cc phn khc ca h thng. Chn ALE c dng lm ng vo
xung lp trnh cho Eprom trong 8952.
Ng tn hiu EA\(External Access):
Tn hiu vo EA\ chn 31 thng c mc ln mc 1 hoc mc 0. Nu mc 1,
8952 thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni trong khong a ch thp 8 Kbyte. Nu mc 0,
8952 s thi hnh chng trnh t b nh m rng. Chn EA\ c ly lm chn cp ngun
21V khi lp trnh cho Eprom trong 8952.
Ng tn hiu RST (Reset)
Ng vo RST chn 9 l ng vo Reset ca 8952. Khi ng vo tn hiu ny a ln cao
t nht l 2 chu k my, cc thanh ghi bn trong c np nhng gi tr thch hp khi
ng h thng. Khi cp in mch t ng Reset.
Cc ng vo b dao ng X1, X2:
B dao ng c tch hp bn trong 8952, khi s dng 8952 ngi thit k ch cn kt
ni thm thch anh v cc t nh hnh v trong s . Tn s thch anh thng s dng cho
8952 l 12Mhz.
Chn 40 (Vcc) c ni ln ngun 5V.
Chc nng chi tit vi iu khin 8952 trong mch.
Port P3.0,P3.1,P3.2,P3.3,P3.6 kt ni vi 4 nt nhn ln lc tng ng
STOP,MODE,UP,DOWN,RUN nhm tip nhn thng tin t 5 nt nhn ny.
Port P1.0, P1.1,P1.2,P1.3 kt ni vi 4 ng vo Ic gii m 74247, gi m s BCD cho
Ic gii m.
Port P0.2,P0.3,P0.4,P0.5 kt ni vi 4 transistor iu khin qut led.
Port P2.0,P2.1 iu khin kch dn optotriac MOC3020.

2. IC 7805
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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chc nng tng qut l n p.

S chn

7805 c 3 chn cho ta kt ni vi n : Chn 1 l chn ngun u vo, chn 2 l chn GND,
chn 3 l chn ly in p ra.
+ Chn 1 - 2 (Chn in p u vo) : y l chn cp ngun u vo cho 7805 hot ng.
Gii in p cho php u vo ln nht l 40V. Theo datasheet th gii in p u ra l 5V
ta nn cho in p vo l 35V mch lc no cng hot ng n nh in p khng b ln
xung do ngun u vo.
+ Chn 3 ( Chn in p u ra) : Chn ny cho chng ta ly in p u ra n nh 5V.
m bo u ra n nh lun nm trong gii t (4.75V n 5.25V).
* m bo thng s : Vi - V0 > 3V. Thng s ny phi lun m bo khi cp ngun cho
7805. Tc l in p cp vo cho 7805 phi nm trong 8V n 40V. Nu di 8V th mch
n p khng cn tc dng. Thng thng ngi ta khng bao gi cp ngun 8V vo c m
ngi ta phi cp ngun ln hn t nht l gp i ngun u ra trnh trng hp st p
u vo sinh ra ngun u ra khng n nh trong thi gian ngn.
* m bo tn nhit tt cho 7805 khi chy vi ti. Khi cng sut tng ln th do 7805 l linh
kin bn dn cng sut nn rt nng khi ti ln. trnh hng linh kin v cho linh kin
hot ng trong nhit bnh thng th cn phi tn nhit tt.
3. Led 7 on (anode chung)
Chc nng hin th.
Cu to:

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

a. Anode chung

b. Cathode chung

S nguyn l led 7 on ( cc dng chung v cc m chung)

Bng trng thi anode chung.

S hin th trn led 7 on M hin th led 7 on dng nh phn

M hin th led 7 on
dng thp lc phn

hgfedcba
0

11000000

C0

11111001

F9

10100100

A4

10110000

B0

10011001

99

10010010

92

11000010

82

11111000

F8

10000000

80

10010000

90

10001000

88

10000011

83

11000110

C6

10100001

A1

10000110

86

10001110

8E

10111111

BF

LED 7 thanh c dng nhiu trong cc mch hin th thng bo, hin th s, k t n
gin... LED 7 c cu to t cc LED n sp xp theo cc thanh nt c th iu din cc
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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

ch s hoc cc k t n gin nh t s 0 n 9 v A n F. LED 7 thanh dng hin s

th rt p v d nhn. Ty vo kch thc ca s v k t m
mi thanh c cu to bi mt hay nhiu LED n. Cc LED n c ghp v c
t tn bng cc ch ci a...g v c mt du chm dot ( du chm ny c th sng v tt ty
theo yu cu) c cu to bi 1 LED n.
Cu to ca LED ch gm cc LED n c xp li vi nhau thnh hnh nh trn hnh v.
Cc LED n ny ch chung nhau Anot hoc Katot v ring nhau cc chn cn li Anot hoc
Katot.
ghp ni vi LED7 c th c nhiu cch, nhng phi m bo sao c th iu khin tt
m ring tng LED n trong to ra cc s v cc k t mong mun.
4. IC 74247
Chc nng gii m BCD ra m Led 7 on.
S chn:

IC 74247 l IC gii m cho led 7 on Anode chung .

Chn TEST(3) l chn dng th cc ng ra xem IC c cn dng c hay khng.
Cc chn P0-P3 l cc m ha t m BCD sang m led 7 on.
Chn RBI v RBO l 2 chn dng xa s 0 v ngha.

Bng trng thi

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

5. IC Moc 3020
Chc nng cch l ti AC v khi x l,ng ngt ti AC theo tn hiu iu khin ca vi
x l.
S chn

Chn 1 kt ni Vcc , chn 2 iu khin ,chn 3,5 h,chn 6,4 kt ni triac.

6. Ds1307
L chip real-time clock (RTC ng h thi gian thc) m giy, pht, gi, ngy,
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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

thng, nm (m c n nm 2100).
- 56 byte RAM.
- Khi mt ngun (5V), DS1307 t ng chuyn sang dng ngun back-up (Pin Lithium
3V gn ngoi).
- Giao tip I2C.
- C th xut ra xung vung vi cc tn s 1Hz, 4kHz, 8 kHz, 32 kHz.
- Hot ng vi khong nhit : -40 C - 85 C.
S chn

-Vcc, GND:
Ngun DC cung cp cho thit b hot ng. Vcc +5V. Khi ngun cung cp l 5V, thit
b hot ng tch cc, c th ghi v c d liu. Khi ngun chuyn sang ngun pin 3V v
Vcc thp hn 1.25 x VBAT ,vic ghi/c d liu b cm. Tuy nhin, clock vn chy m
khng chu s tc ng ca vic suy gim ngun cung cp.
- VBAT :
c ngh s dng pin lithium 3V. Theo nh sn xut, 1 pin lithium 3V
48mAhr hoc hn s gi c DS1307 hot ng hn 10 nm trong iu kin 25C.
- SCL :
(Serial Clock Input) : ng. vo xung clock ng b d liu truyn nhn.
- SDA:
( Serial Data Input/Output): ng truyn nhn d liu.
- SQW/OUT :
(Square Wave/ Output Driver) : khi c kch hot, chn SQW/OUT xut
ra xung vung vi cc tn s 1Hz, 4kHz, 8kHz v 32kHz.
- X1, X2 (Crystal):
c kt ni vi thch anh 32.768kHz.
IC thi gian thc l h vi iu khin ca hng dalat. DS1307 c mt s
c trng c bn sau:
DS1307 l IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh dng cp nht
thi gian v ngy thng .
- SRAM : 56 bytes.
- a ch v d liu c truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu.
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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

- DS1307 c mt mch cm bin in p dng d. cc in p li

v t ng ng ngt vi ngun pin cung cp 3V:
+ DS1307 c 7 bytes d liu nm t a ch 0x00 ti 0x06, 1
byte iu khin, v 56 bytes lu tr ( dnh cho ngi s dng ).
+ Khi x l. d liu t DS1307, h . t chuyn cho ta v dng
s BCD, v d nh ta c c d liu t a ch 0x04 (tng ng vi
Day- ngy trong thng) v ti 0x05 (thng) l 0x15, 0x11.
+ Lu . n vai tr. ca chn SQW/OUT. y l chn cho xung
ra ca DS1307 c 4 ch 1Hz, 4.096HZ, 8.192Hz, 32.768Hz... cc ch
ny uc quy nh bi cc bt ca thanh ghi Control Register (a ch
0x07 ).
+ a ch ca DS1307l 0xD0.
C ch hot ng : DS1307 hot ng vi vai tr. slave trn ng bus
ni tip.Vic truy cp c thi hnh vi ch th start v mt m. thit b
nht nh c cung cp bi a ch cc thanh ghi. Tip theo cc
thanh ghi s c truy cp lin tc n khi ch th stop c thc thi.

IC thi gian thc DS1307

C ch hot ng v chc nng ca DS1307:

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Vcc: ni vi ngun , GND: t

X1,X2: ni vi thch anh 32,768 kHz
Vbat: u vo pin 3V
SDA: chui data , SCL: d.y xung clock
SQW/OUT: xung vung/u ra driver
DS1307 l mt IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh, dng cp
nht thi gian v ngy thng vi 56 bytes SRAM.
a ch v d liu c truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu.
N cung cp thng tin v gi, pht, giy, th, ngy, thng, nm.
Ngy cui thng s t ng c iu chnh vi cc thng nh hn
31 ngy, bao gm c vic t ng nhy nm.
ng h c th hot ng dng 24h hoc 12h vi
ch th AM/PM. DS1307 c mt mch cm bin in p dng d
cc in p li v t ng ng ngt vi ngun pin cung cp.
DS 1307 hot ng vi vai tr slave trn ng bus ni tip.
Vic truy cp c thi hnh vi ch th START v mt m thit b nht nh
c cung cp bi a ch cc thanh ghi. Tip theo cc thanh ghi s
c truy cp lin tc n khi ch th STOP c thc thi.

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SVTH :BI THANH THUN

 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

S khi ca DS1307:

*M t hot ng ca cc chn:
Vcc, GND: ngun mt chiu c cung cp ti cc chn ny. Vcc l
u vo 5V.
Khi 5V c cung cp th. thit b c th truy cp hon
chnh v d liu c th c v vit.
Khi pin 3 V c ni ti thit b ny v Vcc nh hn 1,25Vbat th qu
trnh c v vit khng c thc thi, tuy nhin chc nng timekeeping
khng b nh hng bi in p vo thp.
Khi Vcc nh hn Vbat th. RAM v timekeeper s c ngt ti ngun
Cung cp trong (thng l ngun 1 chiu 3V).
Vbat: u vo pin cho bt k mt chun pin 3V. in p pin phi c
gi trong khong t 2,5 n 3V m bo cho s hot ng ca thit b.
SCL(serial clock input): SCL c s dng ng b s chuyn d
liu trn ng dy ni tip.
SDA(serial data input/out): l chn vo ra cho 2 ng dy ni tip.
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SVTH :BI THANH THUN

 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chn SDA thit k theo kiu cc mng h, i hi phi c mt in

tr ko trong khi hot ng.
SQW/OUT(square wave/output driver) - khi c kch hot th. bit
SQWE c thit lp 1 chn SQW/OUT pht i 1 trong 4 tn s (1Hz,
4kHz, 8kHz, 32kHz). Chn ny cng c thit k theo kiu cc mng
h v. vy n cng cn c mt in tr ko trong. Chn ny s hot
ng khi c Vcc v Vbat c cp.
X1,X2: c ni vi mt thch anh tn s 32,768kHz. L mt mch
to dao ng ngoi, hot ng n nh th. phi ni thm 2 t 33pF .
Cng c DS1307 vi b to dao ng trong tn s 32,768kHz, vi cu
hnh ny th chn X1 s c ni vo tn hiu dao ng trong,cn chn
X2 th h.

S a ch RAM v RTC:
Bit 7 ca thanh ghi seconds l bit clock halt (CH), khi bit ny c thit lp 1 th dao ng
disable, khi n c xo v 0 th dao ng c enable.

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SVTH :BI THANH THUN

 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

S truyn nhn d liu trn chui bus 2 dy :

Tu thuc vo bit R/ w m 2 loi truyn d liu s c thc thi:
Truyn d liu t master truyn v slave nhn: Master s truyn byte
u tin l a ch ca slave. Tip sau l cc byte d liu, slave s gi
li bit thng bo . nhn c (bit acknowledge) sau mi byte d liu
nhn c, d liu s truyn t bit c gi tr nht (MSB).
Truyn d liu t slave v master nhn: byte u tin (a ch ca slave)
c truyn ti slave bi master. Sau slave s gi li master bit
acknowledge, tip theo slave s gi cc byte d liu ti master.
Master s gi cho slave cc bit acknowledge sau mi byte nhn c tr
byte cui cng, sau khi nhn c byte cui cng th. bit acknowledge s
khng c gi. Master pht ra tt c cc chui xung clock v cc ch
th START v STOP.
S truyn s kt thc vi ch th STOP hoc ch th
quay vng START. Khi ch th START quay vng th s truyn chui
d liu tip theo c thc thi v cc bus vn cha c gii phng. D
liu truyn lun bt u bng bit MSB.
7. Transistor A1015
Transistor A1015 l transistor thuc loi transistor PNP c chc nng iu khin kch
dn qut led.
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SVTH :BI THANH THUN

 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Th t cc chn t tri qua phi: E C B

A1015 c Uc cc i = 50V dng Ic cc i = 150mA
H s khuch i hFE ca transistor A1015 trong khong 70 n 400.
8. Led n
Chc nng hin th.

Chn di hn l Anode chn ngn hn l cathode

Dng lm vic 10 mA n 20 mA
9. Cu diode

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SVTH :BI THANH THUN

 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chnh lu ton phn dng in xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu cung cp cho ton mch.
10. T in
T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc
mch in t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu,
mch truyn tn hiu xoay chiu, mch to dao ng.Trong mch ny ta
s s dng mt t ha cho khi reset v 3 t ha cho khi ngun.

T ha
11. in tr
Trong thit b in t in tr l mt linh kin quan trng, chng c
lm t hp cht cacbon v kim loi tu theo t l pha trn m ngi ta
to ra c cc loi in tr c tr s khc nhau.

Hnh dng ca in tr trong thit b in t.

12. Nt bm button
Trong mch ny ta s dng 3 nt bm iu khin menu, tng , gim
cho vic ci t gi , ngy, thng, nm.

Nt bm
13. Thch anh
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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Trong mch ta s s dng hai thch anh, mt loi 12Mhz to dao ng

cho AT89C52, mt loi 32,768 Mhz to dao ng cho DS1307.

Thch anh 12 Mhz

Thch anh 32,768 Mhz

14. Pin CMOS 3V

Ta s s dng mt v pin CMOS 3V lm ngun nui cho DS1307
n c th lu c gi khi mt in ngun cung cp cho mch.

Pin CMOS

1.5 Triac

Tria
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SVTH :BI THANH THUN

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chng 3: Thit k v m phng (hay thi cng)

3.1. Thit k phn cng
3.1.1. S khi h thng. (Chc nng tng khi)
S KHI

KHI NGUN

KHI VI X
L

KHI THI
GIAN THC

KHI NT
NHN

KHI HIN
TH

KHI GII
M 7 ON
KHI CM

GII THIU NHIM V CHC NNG TNG KHI

Nhim v v chc nng khi vi x l: x l iu khin trung tm.
Nhim v v chc nng khi thi gian thc :ci t thi gian thc.
Nhim v v chc nng khi gii m : khi nhn m t khi vi x l, khi gii m s
lm nhim v gii m BCD cung cp cho led hin th.
Nhim v v chc nng khi hin th : hin th t 0 n 99 tng ng vi thi gian
hn.
Nhim v v chc nng khi ngun : chuyn i t ngun xoay chiu 220v thnh
ngun 1 chiu cung cp cho mch hot ng.
Nhim v v chc nng khi nt nhn : ci t thi gian.
Nhim v v chc nng khi cm : cp ngun cho ti AC.

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3.1.2. Thit k chi tit tng khi.

a. Khi x l
1. Yu cu ca khi:C th lp trnh c,gi m cho khi gii m,iu khin
qut led,iu khin kch dn optotriac MOC 3020 theo thi gian thc,nhn tn
hiu t khi giao tip v truy xut d liu t khi thi gian thc.
2. Tnh ton thit k.
C rt nhiu h vi x l c th p ng c nhng yu cu trn nh h vi x
l 89,PIC
Do c hc v thc tp vi x l 89 nn em chn vi x l 8952
cho khi x l chnh.
vi x l 8952 hot ng phi c cc yu cu sau:
Chn 40 (Vcc) c ni ln ngun 5V.
Chn reset kt ni mch auto reset tch cc mc cao.
Chn EA ni vi ngun 5v 8952 thc hin chng trnh t b nh rom ni.
chy cc cu lnh trong ic vi iu khin, ta cn to ra xung nhp. Tn s
xung nhp ph thuc vo thch anh gn trn chn 18, 19. Vi thch anh 12MHz,
ta s c xung nhp 1MHz, nh vy chu k lnh s l 1us.

Mch nguyn l kt ni 8952 trong khi vi x l

b. Khi hin th
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1. Yu cu ca khi : Hin th c gi tr thi gian hn gi , y l thi gian cho 2

cm mi cm hin th gi tr ti a l 99 pht trn 2 led 7 on, nn 2 s cn 4 led
7 on.
2. Tnh ton thit k
iu khin led bng phng php trc tip th 4 led by on cn 32 chn ca vi
x l,trong khi nu dng phng php qut led,kt hp vi mch gii m BCD
sang led 7 on ta ch s dng 8 chn ca vi iu khin,trong 4 chn giao tip vi
khi gii m,4 chn cn li iu khin qut 4 led 7 on.V vy tit kim s chn
giao tip ca vi x l vi khi hin th ta dng phng php qut led.
V cc Port ca vi x l ht dng ln nhng y dng th nh nn thng dng
led 7 on Anode chung giao tip.
S dng transis tor PNP iu khin qut led.
in tr hn dng mi led tnh theo cng thc :
=

trong R : in tr hn dng ca led

Vcc : in p cng cp cho led =5v
Vled :in p nh mc ca mi led n=1,8v
Vol : in p ng ra mc thp ca vi x l = 0,45v
Iled_quet :dng in tc thi ca led (mi led=5mA )

51,80,45
20

=137,5()

Chn in tr 220 ()

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Khi hin th thi gian

c. Khi thi gian thc

1. Yu cu ca khi: Lu tr v cung cp d liu thi gian thc,d liu s khng
mt i m cp nht lin tc khi mt in .

2.Tnh ton thit k: c rt nhiu ic p ng c yu cu trn,tuy nhin phm vi giao

tip ca khi v khi vi x l trn mt board mch nn c th s dng giao tip chun
i2c, va tit kim c chn vi x l va thun tin trong vic iu khin. DS1307 l ic
thng dng s dng trong trng hp ny.
DS1307 l mt IC thi gian thc vi ngun cung cp nh, dng cp
nht thi gian v ngy thng vi 56 bytes SRAM. a ch v d liu c
truyn ni tip qua 2 ng bus 2 chiu. N cung cp thng tin v gi,
pht, giy , th, ngy , thng, nm. Ngy cui thng s t ng c iu
chnh vi cc thng nh hn 31 ngy,bao gm c vic t ng nhy nm.
khng phi iu chnh li thi gian vo nhng lc b mt ngun,
ni thm 1pin 3V vo chn s 3 ca IC DS1307 (sao cho chn(+) ca pin
ni vo IC v chn () ca pin ni xung t). Hai chn 1 v 2 ca
DS1307 c ni vo b dao ng thch anh c tn s 32,768KHz to
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dao ng cho IC hot ng. Chn 5 (SDA) c ni ti chn P3.4 ca 8952,l

chn cp nht hoc truy xut d liu gia khi thi gian thc v khi vi x
l.Chn 6 (SCL) c ni vi chn P3.5 ca vi x l to xung CLK trong
qu trnh truy xut d liu gia 8952 v DS 1307.

Khi thi gian thc

d. khi phm nhn
1.Yu cu ca khi : c 5 nt nhn kt ni vi khi vi x l,mi nt nhn tng
ng vi mt chc nng iu khin thit lp cho khi vi x l.
2. Tnh ton thit k: vi x l 8952 ch tip nhn cc tng tc t nt nhn khi
c s thay i mc logic gia thp ( 0 ) v cao ( 1 ) chn giao tip vi nt
nhn.V th em chn loi nt nhn 2 chn kt ni vi vi x l 8952,mt u
ni vo chn ca ic 8952 mt u ni mass. m bo khi khng nhn nt th
chn ic giao tip vi nt nhn l mc cao th mc thm mt in tr ko ln.

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Khi nt nhn
e. Khi giao tip cm:
1.yu cu ca khi : c 2 cm giao tip vi khi iu khin bng giao tip quang,ti
AC.
2.tnh ton thit k: V giao tip ti AC nn ta cn 2 ng vo cung cp ngun AC cho
2 cm.Mi cm s c thi gian ci t ng ngt khc nhau nn cn 2 tn hiu
iu khin t 2 Port 8952 y em chn Port 2.0 v Port 2.1 lm 2 chn iu khin
thi gian ng ngt cho tng cm thng qua vic iu khin kch dn ic giao tip
quang, vic kch dn ic giao tip quang s kch dn triac lm thng mch cm v
cp ngun 220v AC cho cm.
y ic giao tip quang em chn l Moc 3020,triac BTA12.

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GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Khi cm
f.Khi ngun
1.yu cu ca khi: Cp ngun n p DC cho mch hot ng.
4 led 7 doan :20 mA x 4 =80mA
3 led don: 10 mA x 3 = 30mA
8952 : 25 mA
Moc 3020: 50 mA x 2 =100 mA
I tng = 235 mA
2. Tnh ton thit k.
+ Chn IC n p 7805 c dng danh nh l 1,5A
+ Mch nguyn l kt ni IC 7805.

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Khi ngun

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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

3.2. S nguyn l ton mch.

S nguyn l ton mch

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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chng trnh chnh

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 n Mn Hc 2

chng trnh con c d liu

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

chng trnh con kim tra d liu

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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chng trnh con hin th

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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

Chng trnh con chnh ci t

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Chng trnh con chy

Chng trnh:
#include <AT89X51.H>
// DINH NGHIA 1 SO CONG
#define sda P3_4
#define scl P3_5

#define k1 P3_6
#define k2 P3_0
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#define k3 P3_1
#define k4 P3_2
#define k5 P3_3

#define l1 P0_2
#define l2 P0_3
#define l3 P0_4
#define l4 P0_5

#define d1 P2_0
#define d2 P2_1

unsigned char giatrikhoitao_rtc[8];

int giay,giay1,dem,phut1=1,phut2=2;

/**************************************************************************
********/

//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~//
//

CAC CHUONG TRINH CON GIAO TIEP VOI RTC

//
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//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~//
// ca 2 dk start va stop dc tao ra boi

thiet bi chu

void delay(unsigned char x)

{ ungsigned int y;
for (y=0;y<x;y++){}
}
void start_rtc(void) //dk start: 1 su cdoi tthai tu cao xuong thap tren duong sda trong khi
{

//duong scl dang o muc cao

scl=1;
sda=1;
delay(2);
sda=0;
scl=0;

}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
void stop_rtc(void)//dk stop: 1 su cdoi trang thai tu muc thap len cao tren duong sda trong
khi duong
{

// slc dang o muc cao

sda=0;
scl=1;
delay(2);
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sda=1;
}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
void gui_rtc(unsigned char x)
{
unsigned char i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
sda=(x&0x80)? 1:0; //dua bit du lieu ra chan SDA
scl=1;
delay(2);
/_nop_();
/ _nop_();
scl=0;
x<<=1;

//bit co trong so lon hon dc truyen truoc

}
scl=1;
delay(2);

//nhan bit ACK tu SLAVER bao hieu ket thuc mot byte

du lieu
scl=0;
}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
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unsigned char nhan_rtc(void)

{
unsigned char Data=0x00,i;
for(i=0;i<8;i++) // nhan vao 8 bit
{
scl=1;
Data<<=1;
Data=Data|sda;
scl=0;
}
sda=1;

//

trong qua trinh doc mot chuoi byte tu slaver master gui bit

ACK=> sda=1
scl=1;
delay(2); //master nhan/gui bit du lieu(sda) khi scl o muc cao
scl=0;
return Data;//tra gia tri cho ham
}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
char docdulieu(unsigned char diachi)
{
unsigned char Data;
start_rtc();
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 n Mn Hc 2

GVHD: Thy Trng Ngc Anh

gui_rtc(0xd0);
gui_rtc(diachi);
start_rtc();
gui_rtc(0xd1); //0xd0 + 0xd1 la dia chi cua ds107 va che do doc/ghi du lieu
Data=nhan_rtc();
stop_rtc();//Stop I2C
return Data;
}
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~//
void ghivaoDS1307(void)
{
unsigned char t;
for(t=0;t<9;t++)
{
start_rtc();
gui_rtc(0xd0);
gui_rtc(t);
gui_rtc(giatrikhoitao_rtc[t]);
stop_rtc();
}

}
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/**************************************************************************
********/

//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~//
//

CHUONG TRINH CON KIEM TRA DU LIEU TU DS1307 KHI KHOI DONG

//
//~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~//
void kiemtra_rtc(void)
{
unsigned char temp;
start_rtc();
gui_rtc(0xd0);
gui_rtc(0x08);//doc du lieu tu thanh ghi co dia chi 0x08 (vi tri ram dau tien)
start_rtc();
gui_rtc(0xd1);
temp=nhan_rtc();//con tro dang tro toi dia chi 0x08 chua du lieu flag (co?`) xem da cai
dat hay chua
stop_rtc();
if(temp!='c') // neu gia tri thu 8 nhan duoc khac voi co 'c' cap nhat khi cai dat gio
{

// thi tuc la lan dau duoc khoi tao, ta se chon gia tri ghi vao ban

dau theo y minh

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giatrikhoitao_rtc[0]=0x50;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[1]=0x41;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[2]=0x04;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[3]=0x06;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[4]=0x31;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[5]=0x05;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[6]=0x13;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[7]=0x00;
giatrikhoitao_rtc[8]='c';
ghivaoDS1307();
}
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void hienthi(int m)
{

if(m!=1)
{
P1 = phut1/10; l1 = 0; delay(5000); l1 = 1;
P1 = phut1%10; l2 = 0; delay(5000); l2 = 1;
}
if(m!=2)
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{
P1 = phut2/10; l3 = 0; delay(5000); l3 = 1;
P1 = phut2%10; l4 = 0; delay(5000); l4 = 1;
}
}
void chinh()
{

while(1)
{
hienthi(0);
if(k4==0) { while(k4==0) {} if(phut1<99) phut1++; else phut1 = 1; }
if(k5==0) { while(k5==0) {} if(phut1>1) phut1--; else phut1 = 99; }
if(k3==0) { while(k3==0) {} break; }
}
while(1)
{
hienthi(0);
if(k4==0) { while(k4==0) {} if(phut2<99) phut2++; else phut2 = 1; }
if(k5==0) { while(k5==0) {} if(phut2>1) phut2--; else phut2 = 99; }
if(k3==0) { while(k3==0) {} break; }
}
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}
void chay()
{
int p1,p2,g1;
p1 = phut1; p2 = phut2; g1 = 0;
d1 = d2 = 0;
while(1)
{
giay = docdulieu(0);
if(giay1!=giay)
{ giay1 = giay; P2_2=~P2_2;
g1++; if(g1==60)
{g1=0; if(phut1>0) phut1--; if(phut2>0) phut2--; if(phut1==0)d1=1;
if(phut2==0)d2=1;}
}
if(phut1==0&&phut2==0) break;
if(k2==0) { while(k2==0) {} break; }
hienthi(0);
}
phut1 = p1; phut2 = p2;
}
/*******************************************/
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void main()
{
kiemtra_rtc();
while(1)
{
d1 = d2 = 1;
giay = docdulieu(0);
if(giay1!=giay) { giay1 = giay; P2_2=~P2_2; }
hienthi(0);
if(k3==0) { while(k3==0) {} chinh(); }
if(k1==0) { while(k1==0) {} chay(); }
}
}

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Chng 4: Kt lun v ngh.

4.1 Kt lun - Kt qu t c: t c nh yu cu.
4.1 Hng pht trin: mch ch hn ti a 99 pht cho mi cm,trong khi cha tn
dng ht cc thanh ghi cn li ca ds1307,nu c c th hin th gi,pht giy,v
khi thi gian ci t cng s c m rng hn,c th ng dng ng ngt chung
bo gi hc.

TI LIU THAM KHO:

VI X L-VI IU KHIN 2012 NGUYN NH PH
TRANG WEB THAM KHO:
http://vidieukhien.net/
http://tailieu.vn/
http://www.scribd.com/doc/53354756/31/Gi%E1%BB%9Bi-thi%E1%BB%87u-chungv%E1%BB%81-I2C
http://www.payitforward.edu.vn/wordpress/tutorials/hitech-pic/bai-6-i2c/

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..

A. PHN KT LUN
Trong qu trnh thc t lm vic em nhn thy kin thc trn ging ng chnh l c s
nn tng cn pht huy ti a trong qu trnh thit k cng nh khc phc s c.Tuy nhin,
vn khng th ph nhn yu t t l thuyt i n thc t l mt chng ng di, qua
cho thy kinh nghim l mt phn khng th thiu trong khi lm vic. Sau mt thi gian thi
cng, mch em hot ng ng theo yu cu ra.
Cui cng em rt ra c nhng kin sau:
- IC s gip ta x l nhanh yu cu ra, nhng cn phi c mt kin thc rng v IC s
th thit k mi ti u c.
- Nhng mch c th tch hp vo vi x l th nn s dng vi iu khin v x l tn hiu
bn IC s kh hn bn vi x l v yu t kinh t th bn vi x l cng vt tri hn.
- C bt tay lm thc t ta mi thy c khim khuyt ca bn thn t hon thin tt
hn.

SCH THAM KHO

1. Mch s - PGS.TS. Nguyn Hu Phng NXB Thng k.
2. K Thut S - Nguyn nh Ph H S Phm K Thut Tp.HCM
TRANG WEB THAM KHO
1. http://www.hoiquandientu.com
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2. http://www.diendandientu.com
3. http://www.ant7.com
4. http://www.alldatasheet.co

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