TAP CH PHAT TRIEN KH&CN, TAP 10, SO 03 - 2007

P DNG PHNG PHP N HNH QUY HOCH PHT TRIN H THNG IN

Lu Hu Vinh Quang Trng i hc Bch khoa, HQG HCM
(Bi nhn ngy 02 thng 06 nm 2006, hon chnh sa cha ngy 09 thng 03 nm 2007)

TM TT: Tp thng s cu trc ca h thng in c hiu l cc thng s lin quan n cc ngun pht v ng dy truyn ti in ch o. Mc cng sut my pht v sn lng in nng ti u ca cc nh my in ph thuc vo chi ph nhin liu v chi ph lp t t my, v ng thi cng ph thuc vo chi ph lp t ng dy, c xt khu hao thit b v tn tht in truyn ti hng nm. Thng thng th bi ton ti u ha cu trc ca h thng in thuc lp bi ton ti u a mc tiu vi hm mc tiu c dng phi tuyn. p dng php tuyn tnh ha hm mc tiu cng vi cc phng trnh rng buc dng tuyn tnh cho php ng dng thun li gii thut quy hoch tuyn tnh ti u ha cu trc ca h thng in. Mt chng trnh p dng phng php n hnh cho php tnh ton cc tiu hm tng chi ph quy dn v tha mn cc iu kin rng buc truyn ti cng sut, c xt mc d tr cng sut ca cc nt v mc d tr nhin liu pht trin m rng cu trc h thng in. 1. GII THIU

M hnh ton quy hoch h thng in truyn ti thng thng l loi m hnh tng hp, c xem nh l mt phng tin tnh ton khi u t vic nhp cc s liu d bo, phi hp m rng tnh ton theo mt quy trnh xc nh trc nhm a ra cc phng n thit k ti u hoc gn ti u. M hnh ton quy hoch c th thc hin cc lun l phi hp vi chuyn gia thit k, cc phi hp ny thng c gii hn mc hiu chnh s liu trong khi chng trnh ang thi hnh tnh ton. Mt s phng php ton ti u ha c ng dng nhiu trong quy hoch m rng h thng in, v d nh : quy hoch tuyn tnh [1][2][3], quy hoch ng, quy hoch phi tuyn, quy hoch nguyn hn hp, phng php cn v nhnh, cng nh cc k thut nh v, phn lp v phi hp Ty theo quy trnh quy hoch m rng mt h thng in m m hnh tnh ton quy hoch h thng c th p dng phng php ton ti u cht ch hoc ch c th vn dng cc quy phm k thut p dng cc gii php tnh ton c lng, dn n kt qu chp nhn gn ti u. Thc t p dng mt m hnh ton cht ch s cho ra mt gii php quy hoch ti u, nhng ch l ti u tha mn cc gi thit theo thng tin d bo cha chnh xc trong iu kin bin ng v k thut, v ti chnh v v mi trng u t. M hnh quy hoch h thng in truyn ti c th phn bit thnh loi m hnh tnh hay m hnh ng. M hnh tnh thng c p dng khi quy hoch h thng in trong mt giai on duy nht, khng xt u t vn lp t thit b nhiu thi im khc nhau, ch xc nh mt tnh hung phng n ti u quy dn v mt nm. Trong bi vit ny chng ti a ra kt qu p dng m hnh ng vi phng php n hnh trong vic quy hoch pht trin m rng h thng in, xem xt vi giai on u t vn lp t thit b trong nhiu nm, xc nh phng n pht trin ti u ca cc giai on khc nhau i vi mt h thng in cn quy hoch.

2. THIT K M RNG H THNG IN V PHNG PHP N HNH

2.1. Vn quy hoch thit k m rng h thng in Cng sut in tiu th cho pht trin sn xut hng ha v phc v nhu cu hot ng vn ha x hi ngy cng pht trin. Quy lut pht trin tng lai ca ph ti in c c quan chc nng d bo, quy hoch thnh bn pht trin MW/km2 ca cc n v khu vc tiu th in tp trung. Thng thng cc s liu khi u gii quyt bi ton ny l cc tr s P(MW) v cosj ca ti in c pht

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trin theo thi gian ti cc im nt trn li in; Tp hp cc cng trnh in hin hu v phng n quy hoch cc cng trnh in mi; Cc c tnh k thut ca trang thit b in v cc ch s quy phm kinh t k thut, gi c trang thit b v nh mc chi ph vn hnh. thit k m rng mt s h thng in tng lai th cn nh hng cc phng n s c s pht trin ca h thng mng li in; cn chn la thnh phn cu trc v thng s ca cc phn t tham gia trong s h thng in theo tng giai on quy hoch pht trin h thng v xc nh thi hn hot ng hiu qu kinh t k thut ca tng s quy hoch h thng in. Bi ton ti u ha cu trc h thng in bao gm tnh ton p ng cc tiu chi ph t trang thit b v cc tiu chi ph vn hnh cc phn t li in, ng thi m bo tun th cc nh mc quy phm k thut i vi cht lng v tin cy cung cp in trong cc giai on pht trin s h thng in. iu kin ti u c thit lp dng cc tiu tng cc chi ph quy dn xt trn tt c cc phn t li in c xt n tnh cht ng ca s bin i cc chi ph ny theo tiu chun kinh t k thut. Khi so snh cc phng n khc nhau xy dng s li in th c th gi thit rng thnh phn chi ph c nh i vi cc cng trnh hin hu l bng nhau i vi cc phng n, v c th loi b ra khi hm mc tiu. Thc hin ti u ha v tit din dy dn truyn ti in sau khi chn c phng n s li in. Ty theo dng cng sut ti trn ng dy bin i vng kinh t k thut no m chn c s l ti u, hm chi ph ti u ty thuc vo s mch song song ca ng dy. Bi ton thit k m rng h thng in thng xut pht t cc s liu khi im khng chnh xc v s lng cng nh cht lng. Bi vy, cho nn c th chp nhn cc phng n gn ti u theo cc cch tip cn gii quyt bi ton nh sau : Bin i bi ton ti u ha h thng in v dng cho php p dng c mt phng php ton ti u c gii thut cht ch, cho php dn n mt dng p s ti u ton cc; C th b qua mt s iu kin rng buc, nh th cho php gii c bi ton mt cch cht ch v mt ton hc, tuy nhin c th ch nhn c li gii gn ti u. Gii quyt bi ton quy hoch pht trin m rng h thng in theo tnh hung ng ca cc giai on pht trin kinh t, xt theo mt quy trnh nhiu giai on tnh ton lin tip lp li tin n mt gii php tt nht. iu kin cho php pht trin h thng theo tng giai on phi c tha mn trn mi giai on pht trin h thng in, phi m bo cc quy phm k thut v phi cho php pht trin chuyn bin t mt trng thi s ny sang mt trng thi s khc. Trong trng hp u t vn thc hin cho phng n s pht trin trn cc thi hn khc nhau th chi ph bin i theo thi gian, khi so snh cc phng n khc nhau cn phi thc hin mt tiu chun ti u m cc chi ph mi thi im khc nhau phi c quy dn v cng mt thi im.
2.2.Phng php quy hoch tuyn tnh. Bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh tng qut [4][5][6][7] c pht biu nh sau, yu cu tm cc tiu hm mc tiu :

F(x) = ci x i min ;
i =1

(1)
n

tha mn tp (m) iu kin rng buc :

a ij x j b i ;
j =1

a'ij x j b'i ;
j =1

a"
j =1

ij

x j = b"i ;

i = 1,2,.. ;

(2)

vi xi 0 l cc bin s ti u ha tham gia trong hm mc tiu; ci l cc h s lin quan n nh mc chi ph kinh t k thut xt theo bin xi ; aij, aij, aij, bi, bi,bi l cc h s m t cc iu kin gii hn kinh t k thut lin quan n bin xj trong mi lin h thuc phm vi ca bi ton ti u ha. Thng thng gii bi ton ny bng phng php n hnh, cn c th gi tn l phng php ln lt ci thin mt bng. Bn cht ca phng php n hnh l trc ht phi bng cch no xc nh mt mt bng khi u lm chun ca bi ton c kho st, mt bng ny c biu th bi mt tp xj t , m c s lng bng vi s m cc iu kin rng buc. Cc bin xk khng lin quan n mt bng chun khi im c cho bng zero. Bit rng li gii ti u ca bi ton quy hoch tuyn tnh s t

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c trn mt trong s cc mt bng chun nh th, m s lng cc mt bng ny khng vt qu mc

n! . Nh vy th vic tm c li gii ti u chnh l ln lt chn lc c nh hng cc m! (n m )!

mt bng chun, sao cho trong qu trnh tm kim dn dn lm gim hm mc tiu F(x) bi a vo mt bng chun cc bin s mi vi cc h s nh nht c trong hm mc tiu F(x). Khi p dng gii bi ton ti u ha cu trc cng sut ngun pht ca h thng in th cc bin s xi c nhn bi cc tr s cng sut v in nng pht ra t cc ngun in, cng nh dng cng sut v in nng truyn ti trn cc tuyn ng dy.
3. M HNH TON TI U HA CU TRC H THNG IN

Bi ton ti u ha cu trc h thng in l loi bi ton phc tp. Phn tch cc phng php quy hoch ton hc (phi tuyn, tuyn tnh, quy hoch ng v l thuyt qu trnh ti u) rt ra kt lun rng c th p dng phng php quy hoch tuyn tnh mt cch hiu qu cao i vi lp bi ton ny [2]. Hm mc tiu F(x) c nhn bi tng chi ph quy dn C pht trin ngun v ng dy. iu kin rng buc l cc phng trnh cn bng cng sut cung cp in ca h thng v cc rng buc v gii hn cc dng nhin liu khc nhau. C th pht biu bi ton nh sau : tm cu trc ti u ca cng sut ngun pht v cc ng dy truyn ti ch o sao cho cc tiu chi ph tnh ton quy dn, c xt n tnh cht pht trin ng ca cc nt ph ti, c xt n thnh phn cc cng trnh nng lng hin hu v c a vo khai thc mi trong sut khong thi hn quy hoch v c xt n tin cy ca h thng in. u tin s xt n bi ton ti u ha ch trong mt khong thi gian ngn no (cha xt n s pht trin ng). Hm mc tiu cc tiu tng chi ph tnh ton s c vit nh sau :

C=

i ,r ,f

(r,f ) i

(r,f ) M Pgi + c ij Pij min ; i, j

(3)

( r ,f ) M vi Pgi l cng sut ca ngun pht (r) hot ng vi loi nhin liu (f) ti h thng th (i) ; Pij l

mc truyn ti dng cng sut ca cc ng dy (i-j) mi a vo vn hnh; c(r,f)i v ci l sut chi ph quy dn ca ngun thuc h thng (i) v ca tuyn ng dy (i-j). Ti mi h thng thuc nt th (i) thnh lp c iu kin rng buc bt ng thc v cng sut MW, tha mn iu kin cung cp in thi im ti tnh ton:

P
r ,f

( r ,f ) gi

+ Pij h(ijp ) Pji Ppti + Pidt ;

j j

(4)

vi Ppti l tng cng sut ph ti ca h thng thuc nt (i) ; Pdti l mc yu cu d tr cng sut i vi h thng th (i) ; Pij v Pji l cng sut trn nhnh (i-j) cng nh nhnh (j-i) ; h(p)ij h s xt n mc tn hao cng sut trn ng dy (i-j). Thc cht vic huy ng cng sut my pht c th b gii hn thi gian s dng trong nm bi quy phm k thut hot ng ca chng, v d mt khi t my nhit in ngng hi c quy nh hot ng trong mt nm khng t hn 1500gi v khng nhiu hn 7200gi. Do , cn thnh lp bt ng thc i vi iu kin cung cp in nng ti nt th (i):

P
r ,f

( r ,f ) gi

( r ,f ) Tgi + A ij h(jiw ) A ji A pti ; j j

(5)

vi Aij v Aji l lng in nng truyn gia 2 nt (i-j) trong mt nm ; h(A)ji l h s xt n tn hao in nng truyn ti trn ng dy (i-j) ; Apti l mc yu cu in nng hng nm ca ph ti

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h thng thuc nt (i) ; T(r,f)gi l s gi hot ng cng sut ca ngun pht thuc h thng (i) trong mt nm ; Vit c dng bt phng trnh v iu kin cn bng in nng nh y l nh gi thit rng ch hot ng ca cc nh my in c bit, do m T(r,f)gi c xem l cc hng s. Tuy nhin, trong thc t ch hot ng ca cc nh my in cha c bit, ch bit c sau khi ti u ha xong cu trc cng sut cc ngun pht. p dng phng php quy hoch tuyn tnh th p dng cch tnh nh sau: Cng sut phi tm ca cc ngun my pht c biu th dng tng cc s hng cng sut thnh phn Pgi = ( Pgi + Pgi + ) v mi thnh phn cng sut ny s tng ng vi mi tr s thi gian s dng trong nm l Tgi , Tgi , Nh vy, iu kin cung cp in nng trong nm ti h thng (i) c vit nh sau :

( P'
r ,f

( r ,f ) gi

r ,f ) r ,f ) r ,f ) T' (gi + P" (gi T" (gi + ...) + A ij h(jiw ) A ji A pti ; (6) j j

ng thi phi xt n cc gii hn rng buc v cng sut pht v lng in nng sn xut ra trong nm:
( r ,f ) r ,f ) ; Pgi Pg( gh

(7) (8)

( r ,f ) gi

( r ,f ) ,f ) Tgi A (grgh ;

Cc rng buc v gii hn truyn cng sut v in nng trn cc ng dy hin hu v ci to mi:
M H Pij + Pji Pij Pij ;

(9) (10)

M H A ij + A ji Pij Tij Pij Tij ;

Rng buc v d tr khai thc s dng ngun nhin liu :

P
i,r

(r, f ) gi

(r , f ) Tgi SC(i r , f ) Bf ;

(11)

Vi SC(r,f)i l sut chi ph nhin liu dng (f) ca loi ngun in (r) ti nt (i) trong khong thi gian T(r,f)gi pht cng sut P(r,f)gi ; cn Bf l nh mc gii hn s dng ti nguyn nhin liu dng (f) ; C th xt n iu kin b hn ch mc vn u t xy dng cng trnh in lc dng (r) lin quan n tiu th nguyn nhin liu dng (f) thuc h thng th (i) :

i,r,f

(r, f ) i

(r, f ) Pgi Vgh ;

(12)

Ngoi ra, cn c th pht sinh cc iu kin rng buc khc, ty thuc vo ni dung c th ca bi ton p dng trong thc t. Cn c phng php thch hp xc nh cc h s ca hm mc tiu. i vi cc ngun my pht xy dng mi, cn phi vit biu thc sut ch ph quy dn vi h s r, f ) ,f ) (f ) nh sau : c( (13) = C(i r i V + Ci N ; vi C(r,f)i V l h s lin quan n chi ph u t t v khu hao t my hng nm ; C(f)i N l h s lin quan n chi ph nhin liu dng (f) ca t my nt (i) ;

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i vi cc ng dy xy dng mi th h s i vi PMij l cij = aVij ; vi Vij l sut vn u t cho mt kW kh nng truyn ti ca ng dy (i-j); a l h s nh mc khu hao, bo tr v sa cha i vi ng dy. i vi ngun my pht in hin hu th: c(i r , f ) = C(i fN) ; i vi cc ng dy hin hu th cc h s i vi Pij v Pji c cho bng zero.

4. V D QUY HOCH PHT TRIN M RNG H THNG IN

Xt bi ton yu cu quy hoch pht trin ti u ha cu trc ca mt h thng lin kt 3 h thng in khu vc (xem s m phng ng tr nh trn Hnh 1) vi bng s liu d bo tng ti in pht trin trong mt giai on 12 nm.Trong h thng in khu vc I (m phng ng tr bi nt s 1) quy hoch pht trin 2 ngun cng sut gm: mt nh my nhit in ngng hi chy bng than v mt nh my nhit in turbin kh. Trong h thng in khu vc II (c ng tr bi nt s 2) quy hoch pht trin nh my nhit in nhin liu du kh hn hp vi mc gii hn cho php s dng nhin liu l 2900000tn/nm.Trong h thng in khu vc III (c ng tr bi nt s 3) d kin s t mt nh my in nhin liu du kh hn hp vi mc gii hn cho php s dng nhin liu l 2570000tn/nm. ng dy lin kt hin hu, ni h thng I vi cc h thng II v III, c kh nng truyn ti in 300MW.

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Nh my in nhin liu than v nh my in du kh hn hp c hai mc pht cng sut tnh ton tng ng vi cc khong thi gian s dng xp x 6000gi v 4000gi. Nh my in turbin kh cng c 2 mc cng sut pht vi hai khong thi gian s dng xp x 1000gi v 500gi. Lng cng sut truyn ti trn cc ng dy c biu th vi h s xt tn hao gn bng 0,97. Bi ton quy hoch pht trin h thng in ny c thnh lp vi hm mc tiu gm c 23 bin s v 14 iu kin rng buc.
4.1.p dng tnh s c th i vi thi im ngay trc khi khi u giai on quy hoch: Hm mc tiu: F(x)=65,6x1 +55,3x2 +30,5x3 +25,5x4 +68,8x5 +57x6 +7x11 +7x14 +7x19 +68,8x22 +57x23 min ; Khi khi u giai on quy hoch th hm mc tiu phi tha mn 14 iu kin rng buc nh sau:

x1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 x 7 + 0,97 x 8 x12 + 0,97 x13 1, 3 ;

6x1 + 4x 2 + x 3 + 0,5x 4 x 9 + 0,97 x10 x15 + 0,97 x16 6,464 ;

x 5 + x 6 + 0,97 x 7 x 8 x17 + 0,97 x18 1,7 ;

6x 5 + 4x6 + 0,97x 9 x10 x 20 + 0,97x 21 8,5 ;

0,97x12 x13 + 0,97x17 x18 + x22 + x23 0, 05; 0,97x15 x16 + 0,97x20 x21 + 6x22 + 4x23 0, 25; x7 + x8 x11 0,3 ; x9 + x10 8x11 2,4 ; x17 + x18 x19 0 ; x20 + x21 8x19 0 ; x12 + x13 x18 0,3 ; x15 + x16 8x218 2,4 ; 1,87 x 5 + 1, 3x 6 2,9 ;

1,87 x 22 + 1,3x 23 2,57 ;

p dng chng trnh tnh ton theo phng php n hnh, sau 10 ln tnh lp (sai s cho php l 0,001) nhn c kt qu ti u cu trc h thng l: min F(x)=182,38629 (triu $/nm); V nhn thy : khi cha a ng dy ni cc h thng II v III vo vn hnh th cn phi quy hoch nh sau : Yu cu cng sut pht ti h thng khu vc I: Pg1 (Than)=1080,61MW; Pg1(Kh)=570,93MW; Yu cu cng sut pht ti h thng khu vc II: Pg2 (DuKh)=1409MW; Cha cn pht cng sut ti h thng khu vc III.
4.2.Kt qu tnh s c th i vi 12 nm ca giai on quy hoch : Tng ti ca h thng in khi u l 3050MW nm u tin n nm th 12 tng n 6350MW. Quy hoch m rng ngun cng sut ca cc nh my in cc khu vc v xy dng tng cng cc tuyn ng dy lin kt cc h thng in s da theo kt qu tnh ton nh sau:

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4.3.T bng s liu kt qu tnh ton quy hoch h thng in nhn thy nh sau : a vo vn hnh ng dy ni hai h thng II v III ngay t nm th 1 s c li v lm gim c tng chi ph tnh ton t 182,386 triu $/nm xung cn 182,275 triu $/nm; (Hnh 2). T bng kt qu cho thy : cc nm th 1 v 2 cha cn pht cng sut ti h thng III, nhng n nm th 3 th nn bt u a nh my in ca h thng III vo vn hnh pht in th s t c hiu qu kinh t -k thut; (Hnh 2 v Hnh 3). m bo iu kin k thut truyn ti th cn phi u t xy dng tng cng thm ng dy truyn ti in ni h thng I v h thng II, cn m n thit k ci to m rng ng dy, xem xt cng sut tng t nm th 6 cho n nm th 12 ca giai on quy hoch, sao cho p ng tng cng kh nng truyn ti cng sut trn ng dy ny; (Hnh 4 v Hnh 5). Cng sut ngun cn pht trin lin tc m bo cung cp in lin tc theo mc tng trng ca ti in, sao cho n nm th 12 th ngun ca h thng I phi c t cng sut my pht ln hn 3700MW (c th t my pht n cng sut 4500MW). Cn h thng II v III cn t cng sut my pht trn 1600MW. Cn tin hnh phi hp b sung cc tnh ton k thut kim tra n nh h thng in theo tiu chun thit k d phng s c b ct mt ng dy v b ct mt cng sut ngun my pht.

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Science & Technology Development, Vol 10, No.03 - 2007 4.4. Quan st trn s ng tr tm tt tng giai on ph trong qu trnh quy hoch pht trin h thng in:

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5. KT LUN
p dng phng php n hnh cho php thc hin m hnh ton ti u ha cu trc h thng lin tc trong qu trnh quy hoch pht trin ng ca h thng in. Trong qu trnh tnh ton cho php xc nh c cc thi im u t vn hp l lp t tng cng ti u trang thit b theo s pht trin tng ph ti ca cc h thng in khu vc. Bi ton quy hoch thit k ti u ha cu trc ca h thng in lc bao gm quy hoch ti u cng sut ngun my pht v thit k ti u ng dy truyn ti in, c xt n iu phi kinh t cng sut P ca cc ngun in, c xt cc iu kin rng buc k thut hot ng ca h thng.

SIMPLEX METHOD APPLICATION FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM EXPANSION PLANNING

Luu Huu Vinh Quang University of Technology, VNU-HCM ABSTRACT: The set of power system structure parameter is considered as the parameters related to the electrical power sources and interconnection transmission lines. The optimum generation capacity and electric productivity of electric power stations depend on fuel costs and generator installation costs, and also depend on the transmission line construction costs, including the annual amortizations and the annual electrical transmission loss. Generally, the problems of power system structure optimization are defined as the multi-objective optimization problems with nonlinear target function. A linearized target function application with the linear constraint equations allows a convenient use of the linear

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Science & Technology Development, Vol 10, No.03 - 2007 programming algorithm for power system structure optimization. A PC program using the simplex method allows to compute the cost function minimum and to satisfy the power transmision constraint conditions, including the bus power reserves and the fuel reserves for the expansion of electric power system structure.

TI LIU THAM KHO [1]. J.K.Delson& S.M.Shahidehpour, Linear programming applications to power system economics planning and operations, EEE Transactions on Power System,Vol.7. No.3, August, (1992). [2]. O.V.Sherbatchev, ng dng my tnh s trong k thut in lc. Energie Leningrad, (1980). [3]. H.M.Khodr, J.F.Gomez, L.Barnique, J.H.Vivas, P.Paiva, J.M.Yusta, A.J.Urdaneta, A Linear Programming Methodology for the Optimization of Electric PowerGeneration Schemes. IEEE [4]. Transactions on Power Systems, Vol.17, No.3, August, (2002). [5]. Stephen G.Nash, Ariela Sofer, Linear and nonlinear programming, Mc-GrawHill, (1996). [6]. Bi Th Tm, Trn V Thiu, Cc phng php ti u ha, NXB Giao thng vn ti, (1998). [7]. ng Hn, Quy hoch tuyn tnh, i hc Kinh t Tp.HCM, (1995). [8]. Nguyn Cnh, Quy hoch tuyn tnh, HQG HCM, (2004).

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