TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

BO CO THC TP

Sinh vin thc hin:

Nguyn Hi ng

20090713

H Ni 24/11/2013

M c l c
Li ni u 2 I . Bo co cng tc d gi 3 1 . Phiu nh gi bi ging thc hnh.. 3 Phiu nh gi.......... 3

Theo di thc hin bi ging. 6 Nhn xt chung. 2 . Phiu nh gi bi ging l thuyt.. Phiu nh gi.......... 7 8 8

Theo di thc hin bi ging. 13 Nhn xt chung. II . H s bi ging... H s bi ging l thuyt. 1 . Gio n l thuyt. 2 . Bi ging l thuyt...... H s bi ging thc hnh 1 . Gio n thc hnh 13 14 14 15 23 39 39

2 . Mu thc hnh.............. 51 3 . Bn quy trnh hng dn thc hnh. 56

Li ni u
Thc tp s phm l bc tri nghim u tin trong s nghip lm gio vin, nhng b ng u tin khi ng trn bc ging, nhng vng v khi cm phn vit nhng ch u tin trong khi tri thc m mnh tip thu c trong nh trng truyn li cho nhng hc sinh thn yu. Mt thng tri qua trong nhy mt vi s say m ho hng ca mt ngi mi i thc tp, cng vi tinh thn ham hc hi ca ngi i hc ngh, em c gng khng ngng t c nhng thnh qu tt nht. Ngay t ngy u tin v thc tp ti cng ty c phn o to trng kinh t k thut bch khoa, chng em n nhn c nhng tnh cm nng nn, s ch bo tn tnh ca tp th lnh o, cn b cng nhn vin y. Cc thy c khng qun mt nhc un nn tng c ch hnh ng dy bo cho chng em bc u c nhng chun mc c bn ca 1 ngi thy. Trong chuyn mn em nhn c s gip nhit tnh ca cc thy c khoa cng ngh thng tin ca trng. Kt thc mt thng thc tp, chng em tr v trng trong s lu luyn bi hi. Bn thn em hon thnh t thc tp tt p. Tuy nhin trong thi gian thc tp ti cng ty c phn o to trng kinh t k thut bch khoa d rt c gng hc hi ht mnh nhng vi s non tr ca ngi ang hc ngh, em tin chc rng bn thn mnh khng th trnh khi s thiu st. Vy em knh mong cc thy c vi vai tr l nhng ngi dn ng i trc trong ngh hiu, thng cm v b qua cho em nhng thiu st m em mc phi. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n ban gim hiu nh trng, cc thy c hng dn cng ton th cc thy c trong trng gip em hon thnh tt t thc tp ca mnh. Em xin chn thnh cm n ng thi knh chc cc thy c mnh khe, hnh phc v thnh cng trong cng vic. Ni dung bo co: Bo co cng tc d gi: Phiu nh gi 1 bi ging thc hnh Phiu nh gi 1 bi ging l thuyt Gio n bi dy th: Gio n bi thc hnh Gio n bi l thuyt

I.

Phiu nh gi bi ging thc hnh:

HI GING GIO VIN DY NGH TON QUC NM 2012

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc

D tho

PHIU NH GI BI GING H v tn gio vin: L Hong Long ........................... Tnh (thnh ph): H Ni ................... Tn bi ging: Cu hnh VLAN cho h thng my tnh vi Router v Switch .................... ........................................................................................................................ Thi gian: Bt utit 1:13h00Kt thcht tit 2: 14h45 H v tn gim kho: Nguyn Hi ng .................. Tiu ban: Sinh vin d ging ............

TT I 1 2 Chun b bi ging

Ni dung nh gi

im chun 3.0 0.5 1.0

im nh gi 3,0 0.5 1.0

H s bi ging ng v theo quy nh. Xc nh ng mc tiu ca bi ging; c tiu ch nh gi kt qu t c ca ngi hc r rng. Gio n th hin cc bc ln lp, c d kin cc hot ng ca ngi dy, ngi hc v phn b thi gian cho tng ni dung hp l. Chun b thit b, dng c; vt t, nguyn, nhin, vt liu tiu
4

0.5

0.5

1.0

0.5

hao, dng dy hc cho bi ging. C dng, phng tin dy hc t lm sng to phc v hiu qu cho bi hc. II 1 2 3 Nng lc s phm Phong thi t tin; din t r rng, d hiu. Bao qut c lp hc. t vn , chuyn tip vn hp l, sinh ng, nu bt c trng tm ca bi ging. Kt hp hp l cc phng php dy hc v phng tin dy hc gip ngi hc tip thu c bi. Kt hp nhun nhuyn gia dy kin thc v k nng thc hin c mc tiu ca bi ging. X l tt cc tnh hung s phm. Pht huy c tnh tch cc, ch ng ca ngi hc. Thc hin ng, cc bc ln lp. T chc luyn tp hp l, m bo hnh thnh k nng cho ngi hc. Nng lc chuyn mn La chn c khi lng kin thc, k nng ph hp vi mc tiu ca bi ging v i tng ngi hc. Ni dung kin thc chuyn mn chnh xc, c cp nht, b sung kin thc mi. Thao tc mu thun thc, chun xc. 8.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 6.75 1.0 0.5 0.5

1.0

1.0

5 6 7 8 9

2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5

1.5 0.25 0.5 0.5 1.0

III 1

6.0 1.0

5.5 1.0

2 3

0.5 2.0

0.5 1.5

Trnh t cc bc thc hnh m bo tnh lgic, khoa hc, st vi thc t. Phn tch c cc sai hng thng gp, bin php x l v phng trnh. m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. Nu xy ra mt an ton, tai nn cho ngi v lm h hng thit b: Khng nh gi xp loi bi ging.

1.0

1.0

5 6

0.5 0.5

0.5 0.5

7 IV

Thc hin tt v sinh lao ng cho ngi v thit b. nh gi kt qu ca ngi hc theo tiu ch nh gi ca bi ging T 2/3 s ngi hc tr ln t kt qu hoc to c sn phm theo tiu ch nh gi. T 1/2 n 2/3 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc to c sn phm theo tiu ch nh gi. Di 1/2 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc to c sn phm theo tiu ch nh gi. Thi gian thc hin bi ging ng gi hoc sm, mun khng qu 1 pht. Sm, mun > 1 pht n 3 pht. Sm, mun > 3 pht n 5 pht. Sm, mun > 5 pht: Khng nh gi bi ging. Tng s im:
6

0.5 2.0

0.5 2.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

0.0

V 1 2 3 4

1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0

0.5

0.5

20.0

17.75

Tng s im nh gi (Bng ch):mi by phy by nm

Ngy 29 thng 9 nm 2012 Gim kho (K v ghi r h tn)

THEO DI THC HIN BI GING

NI DUNG + Thy im danh + Kim tra bi c + Kim tra dng c Thy pht ti liu hng dn cho sinh vin + Chia nhm: mi nhm 4 sinh vin s dng 1 b dng c + Thc hnh 1. Cu hnh trn router Thy hng dn, lm mu cch to hostname, chia a ch IP, cu hnh a ch IP cho cng fast ethernet Sinh vin tr li c

NHN XT

Dng c c kim tra k cng, u sch s n nh khng c hng hc

Di chuyn nhanh chng, hi n

Hng dn chi tit, c th, c lu cho hc sinh, tc lm mu va phi

Sinh vin lm li bi thc hnh trn a phn sinh vin lm tt

7

my 2. Cu hnh trn switch Thy hng dn, lm mu cc ni dung: Chia cc VLAN Gn cc cng ca Switch cho cc VLAN Cu hnh VLAN Gn cc a ch IP Ping th n PC v router a phn cc nhm u hiu v lm li c bi thc hnh, tr nhm 1 c xut hin li do g sai lnh: Translating "it"...domain server , thy nhanh chng gip nhm khc phc Hng dn chi tit, tc lm mu va phi, c lu , i khi c s vp trong qu trnh (sa ngay c)

Hc sinh cu hnh li trn my

3. Cu hnh trn PC Thy yu cu cc nhm gn cc a Kt qu cho thy h thng hon thin, cc my ping c ch IP vo my cho ph hp v n nhau ping th h thng + Thy kim tra sn phm, cho nhn xt, a ra lu v dn d cng vic cho ln sau

Lp trt t ghi chp lng nghe

NHN XT CHUNG: sinh vin nhn chung hiu v lm li c bi thc hnh, gio vin hng dn chi tit c th, c k nng lm mu (tr vi trng hp b vp li nh) ,phn chia nhm hi n cn nhn chung tit hc nghim tc .................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................
8

HI GING GIO VIN DY NGH TON QUC NM 2012

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc

D tho

PHIU NH GI BI GING

H v tn gio vin: Nguyn Thnh t ............... Tnh (thnh ph): H Ni ................... Tn bi ging: Tng quan v c s d liu ......................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ Thi gian: Bt utit 1: 13h00.Kt thc ht tit 1: 13h45 H v tn gim kho:Nguyn Hi ng .

Tiu ban:Sinh vin d ging ...............

TT I 1 2 Chun b bi ging

Ni dung nh gi

im chun 3.0 0.5 1.0

im nh gi 3.0 0.5 1.0

H s bi ging ng v theo quy nh. Xc nh ng mc tiu ca bi ging; c tiu ch nh gi kt qu t c ca ngi hc r rng. Gio n th hin cc bc ln lp, c d kin cc hot ng ca ngi dy, ngi hc v phn b thi gian cho tng ni dung hp l.
9

0.5

0.5

Chun b thit b, dng c; vt t, nguyn, nhin, vt liu tiu hao, dng dy hc cho bi ging. C dng, phng tin dy hc t lm sng to phc v hiu qu cho bi hc. Nng lc s phm Phong thi t tin; din t r rng, d hiu. Bao qut c lp hc. t vn , chuyn tip vn hp l, sinh ng, nu bt c trng tm ca bi ging. Kt hp hp l cc phng php dy hc v phng tin dy hc gip ngi hc tip thu c bi. Kt hp nhun nhuyn gia dy kin thc v k nng thc hin c mc tiu ca bi ging. X l tt cc tnh hung s phm. Pht huy c tnh tch cc, ch ng ca ngi hc. Thc hin ng, cc bc ln lp. T chc luyn tp hp l, m bo hnh thnh k nng cho ngi hc. Nng lc chuyn mn La chn c khi lng kin thc, k nng ph hp vi mc tiu ca bi ging v i tng ngi hc. Ni dung kin thc chuyn mn chnh xc, c cp nht, b sung kin thc mi.

1.0

1.0

II 1 2 3

8.0 1.0 0.5 0.5

6.5 1.0 0.5 0.5

1.0

0.5

5 6 7 8 9

2.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.5

1.5 0.5 0.25 0.5 1.25

III 1

6.0 1.0

6.0 1.0

0.5

0.5

10

3 4

Thao tc mu thun thc, chun xc. Trnh t cc bc thc hnh m bo tnh lgic, khoa hc, st vi thc t. Phn tch c cc sai hng thng gp, bin php x l v phng trnh. m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. Nu xy ra mt an ton, tai nn cho ngi v lm h hng thit b: Khng nh gi xp loi bi ging.

2.0 1.0

2.0 1.0

5 6

0.5 0.5

0.5 0.5

7 IV

Thc hin tt v sinh lao ng cho ngi v thit b. nh gi kt qu ca ngi hc theo tiu ch nh gi ca bi ging T 2/3 s ngi hc tr ln t kt qu hoc tip thu c tri thc m bi ging mun truyn t theo tiu ch nh gi. T 1/2 n 2/3 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc tip thu c tri thc m bi ging mun truyn t theo tiu ch nh gi. Di 1/2 s ngi hc t kt qu hoc tip thu c tri thc m bi ging mun truyn t theo tiu ch nh gi. Thi gian thc hin bi ging ng gi hoc sm, mun khng qu 1 pht. Sm, mun > 1 pht n 3 pht. Sm, mun > 3 pht n 5 pht. Sm, mun > 5 pht: Khng nh gi bi ging.
11

0.5 2.0

0.5 2.0

2.0

2.0

1.0

0.0 0.5

V 1 2 3 4

1.0 1.0 0.5 0.0

0.5

Tng s im: Tng s im nh gi (Bng ch): mi tm im

20.0

18.0

Ngy 26 thng 9 nm 2012 Gim kho (K v ghi r h tn)

12

THEO DI THC HIN BI GING

NI DUNG Thy im danh Kim tra bi c: Gio vin t cu hi, sinh vin tr li c Gii thiu bi hc: Trnh chiu slide gii thiu ni dung chi tit bi dy

NHN XT

Cu hi bao qut c kin thc chng trc

Slide chi tit, minh ha hp dn, d hiu

i t v d thc t a ra khi nim Cch trnh by thu ht d liu, c s d liu, h qun tr CSDL Qu trnh pht trin: Chiu slide cc s h thng tp tin, c s d liu Mt s c tnh ca CSDL: Trnh by khi nim tnh t m t, tnh c lp gia chng trnh v Ch yu thuyt trnh slide d liu, tnh tru tng d liu, tnh nht qun v nu cc cch nhn d liu Ngi s dng CSDL: Trnh by khi nim qun tr vin, thit k vin, ngi dng cui Cc tnh nng ca HQT CSDL

Minh ha r rng, ch ra c hn ch, ging d hiu nhng thiu tng tc vi sinh vin

Gio vin c v d sinh ng thc t, d hiu, trnh by thu ht sinh vin, tng tc tt vi sinh vin

Trnh by slide chi tit y , trnh by hay nhng khng c tng tc

13

Kin trc ca HQT CSDL Gio vin a ra hnh minh ha kin trc 3 lc , thuyt trnh, t cu hi v tr li thc mc Trnh by c lp d liu Phn ging tt nht

NHN XT CHUNG: Bi ging hay hp dn , sinh vin nghim tc trong gi hc, tuy nhin gio vin vn cn hi lm dng slide thuyt trnh, cn t tng tc vi sinh vin .................................................... ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................

14

S LAO NG - THNG BINH & X HI H NI TRUNG TM DY NGH BCH KHOA

GIO N L THUYT

Tn bi: Tng quan v my tnh M un: Phn cng my tnh Ngh: Tin hc H v tn ging vin: Nguyn Hi ng

Bch Khoa, thng 4 nm 2013

15

GIO N L THUYT
Gio n S: 2 Thi gian thc hin: 02 tit Lp : CNTT Tn chng: Chng I:Tng quan v my tnh Thc hin : 14/10/ 2013

Tn Bi: Gii thiu v my tnh I. MC TIU CA BI: Sau khi hc xong bi hc ny, ngi hc t c: 1. V kin thc :

- Nu c cc thnh phn ca h thng tin hc ,cu trc ca mt my tnh , cc

thnh phn ca b x l trung tm.

- Trnh by c b nh trong gm RAM v ROM, - Nu c thnh phn ca b nh ngoi. - Pht biu c ni dung, ngha nguyn l Von Neumann.
2. V k nng :

- Phn bit RAM, ROM. B nh trong v b nh ngoi. - Phn bit c cc thit b vo ra.
3. V thi :

- Rn luyn thc hc tp hng th trong gi hc.

II. DNG V TRANG THIT B DY HC: Chun b ca gio vin :

- My tnh: 01. - My chiu: 01. - Bng en.

16

- Gio trnh
Chun b ca sinh vin :

- Gio trnh - V ghi

III. HNH THC T CHC DY HC: Hc l thuyt: Theo nhm ti lp IV. N NH LP HC:

- n nh lp (1pht).
-

Kim tra s s (1pht). Ni dung Hoat ng dy hc Gio vin Ngi hc Thi gian 1 pht

TT

Dn nhp: Nh chng ta bit, tin hc l mt ngnh khoa hc c i tng nghin cu l thng tin v cng c l my tnh. Vy my tnh c cu to nh th no? C nguyn l hot ng nh th no? Chng ta s i tm hiu chng

Vd: phn mm dit virus, phn 1. 1. Khi nim h thng tin hc ? mm qun l bn hng, H thng my tnh gm ba website,... thnh phn: Trong s qun l v iu Phn cng: My tnh v khin ca con cc thit b lin quan. ngi l quan Phn mm:Gm cc trng nht trong chng trnh. mt h thng tin Ni dung bi giang:
17

Tr li cu hi,ng gp kin,quan im

5 pht

Nghe ging v ghi bi

 S qun l v iu khin ca con ngi.

hc. Ta s i tm hiu cu trc ca mt my tnh

2. 2. S cu trc ca mt my
tnh?

Cc mi tn ch vic trao i thng tin gia cc b phn. Tip theo chng ta s i tm hiu c th tng thnh phn trong cu trc ca my tnh.

Nghe ging v ghi bi SV v cu trc ca mt my tnh

10 pht

2. 3. B x l trung tm
(CPU -Central Processing Unit) Khi nim: l thnh phn quan trng nht ca my tnh, l thit b chnh thc hin v iu khin vic thc hin chng trnh.

Cc php ton
s hc v lgic?

SV

nghe v ghi bi

10 pht

SV tr li: Ngoi hai b

phn ni trn, bn trong CPU cn c mt s thanh ghi (register) v b nh m (cache)

Php tnh s
hc: + ; -;x;:

Lgic: OR
(hoc); AND (v); NOT (ph nh).

CPU gm 2 thnh phn chnh: B iu khin CU (Control Unit) v B s hc/lgic ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit). + CU: quyt nh cc thao

Quan h: =
;>;<
18

tc phi lm bng cch to ra cc tn hiu iu khin. + ALU: thc hin hu ht cc php tnh quan trng trong my tnh 4. B nh: L thit b c chc nng lu tr d liu v chng trnh a) B nh trong B nh trong l b nh c dng ghi d liu v chng trnh trong thi gian x l.B nh trong c chia lm hai loi l RAM v ROM. ROM RAM

Khi ang lm
vic trn my tnh gi li nhng kt qu lm c th ta lm g? Lu u?

SV tr li: lu li (ghi li). B nh ca MT.

10 pht

- L b nh
trong

- L b nh
trong

- B nh ch
c th c c d liu.

- B nh c
th c ghi c d liu.

- Cha

cc chng trnh h thng

- Cha cc
chng trnh c a vo thc hin v d liu ang c x l. - Thng tin, d liu s mt i nu mt in hoc tt my.

- Khng th
xa, khng mt i k c tt my hoc mt in

19

 Hy k tn
nhng b nh ngoi m cc em bit?

SV tr li: a mm, a CD, USB

10 pht

b) B nh ngoi - B nh ngoi dng lu tr d liu lu di v h tr cho b nh trong Phn bit b nh trong, b nh ngoi? B nh trong B nh ngoi

B nh
ngoi dng lm g?

lu tr thng tin lu di

- L thit b
lu tr d liu v chng trnh. - C tc truy xut nhanh.

- L thit b
lu tr d liu v chng trnh.

- C tc
truy xut chm.

- L ni d

- Lu tr d
SV tr li

liu liu c x lu di. l.

- C dung
lng nh.

- C dung
lng ln.

5. Thit b vo, ra a. Thit b vo

L thit b dng a thng tin vo my tnh. Thit b vo: Bn phm, chut, my qut, webcam.

K tn thit b vo ra m em bit ?

- Thit b ra:
Mn hnh, my in, loa,my chiu, ....

10 pht

b. Thit b ra
L thit b dng a d liu
20

t my tnh ra. 6. Hot ng ca my tnh a) Nguyn l iu khin bng chng trnh: My tnh hot ng theo chng trnh. Mi mt chng trnh l mt dy cc lnh. Thng tin v mt lnh bao gm: - a ch ca lnh trong b nh - M ca thao tc - a ch cc nh lin quan. b) Nguyn l lu tr chng trnh Lnh c a vo my tnh di dng m nh phn lu tr, x l nh nhng d liu khc. C 4 kiu lnh: Nghe v ghi bi 20 pht

- X l d
liu: s hc v lgic

- Lu tr d
liu: b nh

- Di chuyn
d liu: vo, ra

- iu khin:
phn nhnh v kim tra Vd: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc: a +b

c) Nguyn l truy cp theo

a ch Vic truy cp d liu trong my tnh c thc hin thng qua a ch ni lu tr Nguyn l Von Neumann:

a b
c

26 4

Qu trnh tnh ton s c thc hin nh sau:

1. c a vo A 2. Cng A vi b
Ghi A vo c 3 Kt thc vn : Cng c kin thc: - Kin thc trng tm: S

- Nhc li cc
thit b vo, ra.
21

- Lng nghe

5 pht

cu trc ca my tnh, B x l trung tm.

- Nguyn l
Phn ni man

- Phn bit RAM v ROM. - Nguyn l hot ng ca

my tnh

- Cc c im
RAM, ROM, b nh ngoi

Huong dn t hc

Sinh vin chun b trc bi Bi ton v thut ton

Ti liu tham kho

- Gio trnh Tin

hc cn bn ca B Gio dc v o to.

- Gio trnh
tin hc i cng ca trng i hc BKHN.

- Internet. Ngy 14 thng 12 nm 2012 TRNG T MN GING VIN Nguyn Hi ng

22

S LAO NG - THNG BINH & X HI H NI TRUNG TM DY NGH BCH KHOA

BI GING L THUYT

Tn bi: Tng quan v my tnh M un: Phn cng my tnh Ngh: Tin hc H v tn ging vin: Nguyn Hi ng

Bch Khoa, thng 4 nm 2013

23

1. Gii thiu tng qut v my tnh : a) Phn cng :

Phn cng ni n cu to ca my tnh v mt vt l. Bao gm ton b cc thit b, linh kin in t my tnh.

b) Phn mm :
L cc chng trnh c thit k cha cc m lnh gip phn cng lm vic phc v nhu cu ngi s dng. Phn mm c lu tr trong cc thit b lu tr. Phn mm chia lm 2 loi: Phn mm h thng (System Softwares): bao gm cc h iu hnh iu khin, qun l phn cng v phn mm ng dng; cc trnh iu khin trnh thit b (driver). Phn mm ng dng (Application Softwares): l cc phn mm chy trn nn cc h iu hnh gip ngi s dng thao tc vi my tnh. Ngoi ra, cn phi k n mt loi phn mm rt c bit trong my tnh. l cc ngn ng lp trnh. y l phn mm dng vit ra phn mm. Sau y l danh sch mt s phn mm in hnh c dng cho my c nhn PC: o H iu hnh: Win9x, 2000, XP o Phn mm dng bo tr a: ScanDisk (kim tra a lu tr), Disk o Cleanup (dn dp cng), Disk Defracmenter (chng phn mnh a cng) o Phn mm bo tr my v ngn nga virut: Norton AntiVirus, BKAVxxxx o Phn mm ch bn vn bn: b Office ca Microsoft, NotePad o Phn mm hc ting anh: MTD ca Lc Vit, Just ClickSee, English Study, EvaTran o Phn mm nn tp tin: WinZip, WinRad o Phn mm multimedia (xem phim, nghe nhc): Winnap, Herosoft, o WindowsMedia Player, JetAudio o Phn mm to v lm vic vi c s d liu: Access, Oracle o Phn mm duyt web: Internet Explore o Phn mm to CD o: Virtual Driver Manager.

24

2. S cu trc my tnh :
Data Bus Control Bus

B x l
trung tm
Adrress Bus

B nh trong
(Memory)

B nh ngoi
(Mass store

Phi ghp
vo/ra (I/O)

Thit b vo (Input Unit) Thit b ra (Output Unit)

Hnh 3-1: Gii thiu s khi tng qut ca my tnh s Trong s ny, cc khi chc nng chnh ca my tnh s gm:

Khi x l trung tm (central processing unit, CPU), B nh trong (memory), nh RAM, ROM B nh ngoi, nh cc loi a, bng t Khi phi ghp vi cc thit b ngoi vi (vo/ra) Cc b phn u vo, nh bn phm, chut, my qut ... . Cc b phn u ra, nh mn hnh, my in ... .

Bn khi chc nng u lin h vi nhau thng qua tp cc ng dy truyn tn hiu, gi chung l bus h thng. Bus h thng bao gm 3 bus thnh phn; ng vi cc tn hiu xc lp a ch t CPU n cc n v thnh phn ta c bus a ch; vi cc d liu c lin h gia cc khi qua bus d liu (data bus); cc tn hiu iu khin bao gm cc lnh, cc p ng, cc trng thi ca cc khi c xc lp qua bus iu khin. S khc bit quan trng nht ca cc h my tnh l kch thc v tc , cc my tnh nh hn v nhanh, mnh hn theo tng nm. S pht trin khng ngng ca cc th h my tnh nh vo hai yu t quan trng, l s pht trin ca cng ngh ch to IC v cng ngh ch to b nh.

3. B x l trung tm (CPU - Central Processing Unit):

25

Hnh nh CPU Intel Core i7 - Mt sn phm mi ca Intel Khi nim :

-

CPU l t vit tt ca ch Central Processing Unit (n v x l trung tm). CPU c th c xem nh no b ca my tnh. CPU m nhn thc hin chc nng c bn ca my tnh l thc thi chng trnh. Chng trnh c thc thi gm mt dy cc ch th c lu tr trong b nh. Qu trnh thc thi chng trnh gm hai bc: CPU c ch th t b nh v thc thi ch th . Vic thc thi chng trnh l s lp i lp li qu trnh ly ch th v thc thi ch th.

CPU l mt mch tch hp phc tp gm hng triu transitor trn mt bng mch nh. CPU c nhiu kiu dng khc nhau. hnh thc n gin nht, CPU l mt con chip vi vi chc chn. Phc tp hn, CPU c rp sn trong cc b mch vi hng trm con chip khc. Tc x l ca my tnh ph thuc vo tn s ng h lm vic ca CPU (tnh bng MHz, GHz, ) nhng n cng ph thuc vo cc phn khc nh b nh m, RAM hay bo mch ha. Hai nh sn xut CPU ln v ni ting nht hin nay l Intel v AMD. CPU ca AMD thng c gi r hn Intel thu ht khch hng nhng th phn ca AMD vn thp hn nhiu so vi Intel. Cc thng s ca CPU: Kiu CPU: CPU i sau lun c cng ngh v hiu nng cao hn CPU i trc. Tn s ng h lm vic (tc ): i vi cc CPU cng loi, tn s ny cng cao th tc x l cng tng. i vi CPU khc loi, th iu ny cha chc ng, v d CPU 486 tn s 20MHz c th x l d liu nhanh hn CPU 386 33MHz. Bn cng nh khng th so snh tn s ca CPU mt nhn vi CPU hai nhn. B nh m (cache): B nh m dng lu cc lnh hay dng, gip cho vic nhp d liu x l nhanh hn. Dung lng b nh m cng nhiu cng gip CPU lm vic nhanh hn. B nh m tch hp vo CPU c hiu qu cao hn b
26

nh m nm ri bn ngoi. Socket: Ch loi khe cm ca CPU. y l c im xt s tng thch gia CPU v bo mch ch. Tc FSB (Front Side Bus): L knh truyn d liu gia CPU v b nh trn Mainboard. N cn c gi l System Bus (knh truyn h thng). Tc ny cng cao h thng chy cng nhanh.

CPU gm 2 thnh phn chnh: B iu khin CU (Control Unit) v B s hc/lgic ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit). a) B iu khin CU (Control Unit): iu khin hot ng ca CPU v cc thnh phn khc: - c lnh t chng trnh trong b nh chnh (instruction fetch). - Gii m lnh (instruction decode). - Thc thi lnh gii m mt cch tun t (instruction excution). b) B s hc/lgic ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit) : Thc hin cc php ton s hc v logic o Cc php ton s hc: +,-,*,/. o Cc php ton logic: NOT, AND, OR, o Cc php so snh. o D liu o S nguyn (integer). o S du phy tnh (fixed point number). o S du phy ng (floating point number). c) Tp cc thanh ghi (Registry):

- Dng cha thng tin tm thi phc v cho cc hot ng hin ti ca CPU. - Gm c :

cc thanh ghi a ch thanh ghi d liu thanh ghi lnh v cc thanh ghi c trng thi. n v s hc v lgic ch thc hin cc php ton s hc n gin nh php cng, tr, nhn,chia. CPU c th x l d liu vi cc s thc vi chnh xc cao v cc php ton phc tp nh sin, cos, tnh tch phn, cc CPU thng c trang b thm b ng x l ton hc (FPU: Floatting Point Unit ) cn c gi l b x l du chm ng.

27

4. B nh :

- B nh my tnh bao gm cc hnh thc, phng thc lu tr c d liu

ca my tnh mt cch lu di (khi kt thc mt phin lm vic ca my tnh th d liu khng b mt i), hoc lu d liu tm thi trong qu trnh lm vic ca my tnh (khi kt thc mt phin lm vic ca my tnh th b nh ny b mt ht d liu).

- Cc thit b lu tr d liu cho b nh lu di bao gm: a cng, a mm, a

quang, Bng t, ROM, cc loi bt nh...

- Cc thit b lu tr d liu tm thi trong qu trnh lm vic: RAM my tnh,

Cache ...

- Hu ht cc b nh nu trn thuc loi b nh c th truy cp d liu ngu nhin,

ring bng t l loi b nh truy cp tun t.

- D l loi memory no bn cng nn n cc tnh cht sau y: Sc cha: thit b c th cha c bao nhiu? V d: CD cha c
650MB-700MB, Floppy disk cha c 1.4MB, Cache cha c 256KB... tc truy nhp: bn nn lu n tc vn truyn thng tin ca thit b. y l phn quan trng quyt nh tc truy cp ca thit b. Tnh v tc th CPU bao gi cng nhanh nht, sau l Cache, sau na l cc loi RAM. Interface: bn nn xem cu trc bn ngoi ca b nh c tng thch cc thit b khc ca bn khng. V d, nhiu loi RAM tren th trng c s chn cm v c tnh khc nhau. ph hp cho motherboard ca bn, bn nn xem xt motherboard trc khi mua memory.

- B nh my tnh c th chia thnh hai dng: B nh trong v b nh ngoi. a) B nh trong : - B nh trong l b nh c dng ghi d liu v chng trnh trong thi gian x l. B nh trong c chia lm hai loi: l ROM v RAM

1. RAM: - RAM l ch vit tt ca Random Access Memory, b nh c th c/ghi. RAM

28

c chia lm 2 phn l Storage v Program:

Storage: L phn lu tr tt c cc chng trnh phn mm c ci vo

my. Bn c th hnh dung Storage nh l cng ca my tnh vi cc chc nng gn nh tng t. Program: L mt phn b nh dnh ti v lu tm cc chng trnh. Cc chng trnh ny s b xo nu bn soft reset v khi Windows khi ng, program s li tip tc m nhn chc nng ca mnh.

- B nh RAM l cc thnh phn ca b nh chnh ca my tnh, l thnh phn

nh m CPU c kh nng trao i thng tin trc tip. c im: Tc nhanh Dung lng nh S dng b nh bn dn. Tn ti trn mi h thng my tnh Cha cc chng trnh hay cc on chng trnh (cache) m CPU ang thc hin. T chc thnh cc ngn nh c nh a ch theo Byte. B nh RAM ch lu tr d liu tm thi v d liu s b xo khi mt in.

ngha ca b nh RAM trong my tnh:

B nh RAM l b nh khng th thiu trong bt k h thng my tnh no, CPU ch c th lm vic c vi d liu trn RAM v chng c tc truy cp nhanh, ton b d liu hin th trn mn hnh cng c truy xut t RAM Khi ta khi ng my tnh bt u mt phin lm vic mi, h iu hnh cng vi cc trnh iu khin phn cng c np ln b nh RAM . Khi ta chy mt chng trnh ng dng : Th d Photo Shop th cng c ca chng trnh ny cng c np ln b nh RAM => Tm li khi ta chy bt k mt chng trnh no, th cng c ca chng trnh u c np ln RAM trc khi c th s dng c chng. Vi mt h thng chy ng tc th khong chng ca RAM phi cn khong 30% tr ln, nu ta s dng ht khong trng ca Ram th my s
29

chy chm hoc b treo .

Ty theo cng ngh ch to, ngi ta phn bit thnh 2 loi:

SRAM (Static RAM): RAM tnh DRAM (Dynamic RAM): RAM ng

Ram tnh(SRAM):
B nh truy cp ngu nhin tnh (SRAM hay RAM tnh) l mt loi b nh s dng cng ngh bn dn. T "tnh" ngha l b nh vn lu d liu nu c in, khng nh RAM ng cn c np li thng xuyn. Khng nn nhm RAM tnh vi b nh ch c v b nh flash v RAM tnh ch lu c d liu khi c in.

Ram ng (DRAM):
RAM ng dng k thut MOS. Mi bit nh gm mt transistor v mt t in. Vic ghi nh d liu da vo vic duy tr in tch np vo t in v nh vy vic c mt bit nh lm ni dung bit ny b hy. Do vy sau mi ln c mt nh, b phn iu khin b nh phi vit li ni dung nh . Chu k b nh cng theo m t nht l gp i thi gian thm nhp nh. Vic lu gi thng tin trong bit nh ch l tm thi v t in s phng ht in tch np v nh vy phi lm ti b nh sau khong thi gian 2s. Vic lm ti c thc hin vi tt c cc nh trong b nh. Cng vic ny c thc hin t ng bi mt vi mch b nh. B nh DRAM chm nhng r tin hn SRAM.

Cc loi DRAM :
SDRam ( Synchonous Dynamic Ram - Ram ng theo kp tc ca h thng ) C 168 chn. SDRam c s dng trong cc h thng my Pentium 2 v Pentium 3

SDRam s dng trong h thng my Pentium 2 v Pentium 3 chng c hnh dng nh trn, khe cm c chia lm 3 mi v c cc tc 66MHz ,100MHz v 133Mhz
30

Khe cm SDRam trn Mainboard c chia lm 3 mi DDRam tn y l DDR SDRam ( Double Data Rate SDRam - SDRam c tc d liu nhn 2 ) C 184 chn. DDR SDRAM l ci tin ca b nh SDR vi tc truyn ti gp i SDR nh vo vic truyn ti hai ln trong mt chu k b nh

DDRam s dng trong cc my Pentium 4 Khe cm c chia lm 2 mi , c cc tc Bus l 266MHz, 333MHz v 400MHz

Khe cm SDRam trn Mainboard c chia lm 2 mi DDR2 SDRAM (Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM), Thng c gii chuyn mn gi tt l "DDR2". L th h th hai ca DDR vi 240 chn, li th ln nht ca n so vi DDR l c bus speed cao gp i clock speed.

DDRam2 s dng cho my Pentium 4 c cc loi tc 533MHz, 667MHz v 800MHz h tr cc CPU c tc Bus > 800MHz
31

RDRAM (Vit tt t Rambus Dynamic RAM), thng c gii chuyn mn gi tt l "Rambus". y l mt loi DRAM c thit k k thut hon ton mi so vi k thut SDRAM. RDRAM hot ng ng b theo mt h thng lp v truyn d liu theo mt hng. Mt knh b nh RDRAM c th h tr n 32 chip DRAM. Mi chip c ghp ni tun t trn mt module gi l RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) nhng vic truyn d liu c thc hin gia cc mch iu khin v tng chip ring bit ch khng truyn gia cc chip vi nhau. Bus b nh RDRAM l ng dn lin tc i qua cc chip v module trn bus, mi module c cc chn vo v ra trn cc u i din. Do , nu cc khe cm khng cha RIMM s phi gn mt module lin tc m bo ng truyn c ni lin. Tc Rambus t t 400-800 MHz. DDR III SDRAM (Double Data Rate III Synchronous Dynamic RAM): c tc bus 800/1066/1333/1600 Mhz, s bit d liu l 64. y l loi ram ng mi nht.

2. ROM:
B nh ch c(Read-Only Memory - ROM) l mt loi thit b lu tr dng trong my tnh v cc thit b khc. N c tn nh vy v khng d ghi thng tin ln n. Khng ging nh RAM, thng tin trn ROM vn c duy tr d ngun in cp khng cn. ROM, theo ng ngha, ch cho php c d liu t chng tuy nhin tt c cc loi ROM u cho php ghi d liu t nht mt ln, hoc khi sn xut ln u hoc trong bc lp trnh. Mt s loi ROM cho php xa v lp trnh li nhiu ln.

Cc loi ROM:
Theo cng ngh ch to:

PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory): c ch to bng cc mi ni (cu ch c th lm t bng mch in). N thuc dng WORM (Write-Once-Read-Many). Chng trnh nm trong PROM c th lp trnh c bng nhng thit b c bit. Loi ROM ny ch c th lp trnh c mt ln.

D23128C PROM trn bo mch ZX Spectrum

32

EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): c ch to bng nguyn tc phn cc tnh in. Loi ROM ny c th b xa bng tia cc tm v ghi li thng qua thit b ghi EPROM.

EPROM c ch to bng nguyn tc phn cc tnh in. Ca s nh dng xa bng tia cc tm.

EAROM (Electrically Alterable Read-Only Memory): Loi ROM ny c th thay i tng bit mt ln. Tuy nhin qu trnh vit kh chm v s dng in th khng chun. Vic vit li EAROM khng c thc hin thng xuyn. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): c ch to bng cng ngh bn dn. Ni dung ca ROM ny c th vit vo v xa (bng in).

Phn bit RAM v ROM: ROM RAM

33

- L b nh trong - B nh ch c th c c d liu. - Cha cc chng trnh h thng

- L b nh trong - B nh c th c ghi c d liu. - Cha cc chng trnh c a

vo thc hin v d liu ang c x l.

- Khng th xa, khng mt i k c

tt my hoc mt in

- Thng tin, d liu s mt i nu mt

in hoc tt my.

b) B nh ngoi:
B nh ngoi dng lu tr d liu lu di v h tr cho b nh trong. L cc thit b lu tr gn gin tip vo bo mch ch thng qua dy cp d liu, cc khe cm m rng B nh ngoi bao gm cng, a mm, CD, USB

Removable storage

a mm USB

34

 cng So snh b nh trong v b nh ngoi :

a quang

B nh trong B nh ngoi - L thit b lu tr d liu v chng trnh. - L thit b lu tr d liu v chng trnh. - C tc truy xut nhanh. - C tc truy xut chm. - L ni d liu c x l. - Lu tr d liu lu di. - C dung lng nh. - C dung lng ln.

5. Thit b vo, ra
a) Thit b vo:
L thit b dng a thng tin vo my tnh. Cc vo(Thit B ) bao gm: Con Tr (Con Chut), Bn Phm, a Mm, a CD, Webcam, Touchpad. Cng vic ca thit b vo (input) l m ha (chuyn i) thng tin t nhiu nh dng sang dng d liu m my tnh c th x l.

35

Bn phm

chut

my quyt

Webcam

b) Thit b ra :
L thit b dng a d liu t my tnh ra. Cc Thit B Ra bao gm : Mn Hnh, My In, a Flash (USB), Cng Di ng ti nhng thit b khng thng dng nh ZIP. Cc thit b ra (output) th ngc li, thc hin cng vic gii m d liu thnh thng tin m ngi s dng c th hiu c.

6. NGUYN L LM VIC CA MY TNH IN T:

hiu r qu trnh ny ta cn tm hiu thm v lnh my. Mi lnh my l mt yu cu ALU thc hin mt php tnh c s (cng, nhn, nhn logic, cng logic, chn lnh cn thc hin v. v). Cc lnh ny phi ch ra y cc thng tin sau: - Php tnh cn thc hin. Trong lnh my n cho bng mt s bit gi l m php tnh. - Ni t d liu ca lnh. Thng tin ny c th l i ch trong BNT hoc l m
36

thanh ghi. Cc thng tin lin quan n kt qu thc hin chng hn a ch ca ni kt qu ca php ton.

Nh vy mt lnh c cu trc nh sau:

M lnh

Cc thnh phn a ch

Mt chng trnh my l mt dy cc lnh. Do chng trnh cng nm trong b nh nn chnh cc lnh cng c a ch, chnh l a ch byte u tin ca lnh. Qu trnh thc hin mt chng trnh l mt qu trnh thc hin lin tip tng lnh. qun l th t thc hin cc lnh, CU s dng mt thanh ghi gi l thanh m a ch (Program Counter - PC) ghi a ch ca lnh s thc hin tip theo. Gi tr khi to ca PC l a ch lnh u tin chng trnh. MTT c iu khin bi cc lnh ca chng trnh. Chu k thc hin mt lnh bao gm cc bc sau:

- c lnh. Trong chu k c lnh, CU gi ni dung PC vo b gii m a ch

c byte u tin ca lnh ln mt thanh ghi khc l thanh ghi lnh. PC s tng ln mt n v CU c byte tip theo. di cc lnh c th khc nhau nhng byte u tin thng l ni cha m lnh.

- Gii m lnh. CU cn c vo m lnh c nt cc thng tin a ch ca lnh v

hon thnh vic c lnh, PC tip tc tng theo s lng byte c vo.

- c d liu. Cc a ch d liu c gi vo b gii m a ch c ni dung

cc i tng ca lnh gi l cc tan hng (operand) vo cc thanh ghi d liu.

- Thc hin lnh. Pht tn hiu iu khin cho mch chc nng ca ALU thc hin
php ton m m lnh xc nh. Sau quay li chu k c lnh vi ni dung mi ca PC. Ch rng nu lnh thc hin l lnh iu khin th giai on thc hin ny s t a ch lnh s thc hin tip theo vo PC. Nh vy thc hin mt lnh ni chung phi c/ghi b nh nhiu ln. C hai phng php t chc iu khin:

- Phng php iu khin cng. ng vi mi lnh my c mt mch n thc hin lnh cho theo cc tn hiu iu khin. Phng php iu khin vi chng trnh. Mi lnh c thc hin thng qua cc lnh s cp hn gi l cc vi lnh. Khi ngi ta ch phi thit k phn cng mc vi lnh. V d, php c mt byte trong b nh c th ly lm mt vi lnh.
37

Nh vy, mt php tnh c th thc hin bng cch thi hnh mt dy vi lnh gi l vi chng trnh. Do , khi thay i lnh ch cn thay i vi chng trnh tng ng m khng cn thay i cu trc vt l ca MTT. Cc CPU ngy nay khng thc hin lnh theo kiu tun t nh trn m thng thc hin song song nhiu qu trnh. Thng tin np t b nh c th l c mt khi ln mt khi thanh ghi. Mt s CPU c c c ch x l thng minh d on cc khi chng trnh hay d liu sp dng n ti trc ln thanh ghi. Trong khi ang thc hin lnh th nht th mt thnh phn khc gii m lnh th hai v mt thnh phn khc ti lnh th 3 ln thanh ghi. Cch thc x l ny gi l pipeline. Nh phng thc ny m nhiu b x l c th thc hin nhiu lnh ng thi. Nguyn l Von Neumann : Kin trc my tnh nu trn c J. Von Neumann m t nn cng gi l kin trc Von Neumann. i km vi kin trc ny l nguyn l hot ng cng tn l Von Neumann. Ni dung nguyn l gm hai im sau: Nguyn l iu khin bng chng trnh. My tnh hot ng theo chng trnh lu tr sn trong b nh ca n. Nguyn l ny m bo cho my tnh c kh nng t iu khin khng cn c s can thip ca ngi trong qu trnh x l v qu trnh x l c xc nh qua mt kch bn. Nguyn l truy cp theo a ch. Nh bit, d liu theo ngha rng (d liu ban u, kt qu trung gian, kt qu cui cng, chng trnh...) c a vo b nh trong nhng vng nh c ch nh bng a ch. Trong chng trnh, d liu c ch nh thng qua a ch. Nh vy, vic truy cp ti d liu l gin tip thng qua a ch ca n trong b nh. Nguyn l ny m bo tnh mm do trong x l thng tin. Ngi lp trnh c th vit yu cu mt cch tng qut theo v tr cc i tng nm u m khng cn bit gi tr c th ca chng.

38

S LAO NG - THNG BINH & X HI H NI TRUNG TM DY NGH BCH KHOA

H S BI GING THC HNH

Tn bi: nh Dng vn bn M un: Tin hc vn phng Ngh: Tin hc H v tn ging vin: Nguyn Hi ng

Bch Khoa, thng 12 nm 2012

39

GIO N S: 2 Tn bi hc trc: Thc hin : Tn bi ging:

Thi gian thc hin: 90 pht Cc k nng son tho vn bn T ngy10/10 /2013 n ngy 14/10/2013 NH DNG VN BN

I. 1.

MC TIU CA BI: V kin thc

Sau khi hc xong bi hc ny, ngi hc t c:

- Trnh by c khi nim ca nh dng vn bn, nh dng k t v nh

dng on.

- Bit cch trnh by nh dng cc kiu ch, on vn bn trn my tnh 2.

V k nng

- Thc hin nh dng c k t v nh dng on vm bn theo mt vn

bn mu.

- Nm vng cc bc thc hin v cc thao tc nh dng k t , nh dng

on vn bn trnh by vn bn trn my tnh.

3.

V thi

- Rn luyn thc hc tp hng th trong gi thc hnh. - Rn luyn c tnh cn thn, chnh xc cho ngi hc thng qua cc thao
tc thc hnh.

- Rn luyn tc phong v v sinh cng nghip II.

DNG V TRANG THIT B DY HC:
40

Chun b ca gio vin : + My tnh: 01. + My chiu: 01. + Bng en. + Gio trnh Chun b ca sinh vin : + Gio trnh + V ghi

III. HNH THC T CHC DY HC: - Hc l thuyt: Theo nhm ti lp - Hc thc hnh: Chia nhm IV. N NH LP HC: - n nh lp (1pht). - Kim tra s s (1pht). V. THC HIN BI HC:
NI DUNG BI HC Hot ng dy hc Hot ng gio vin Dn nhp: Mi em s c mt cch trnh by bi hc ring ty theo tnh thm m ca mnh, nhng d cch no th cng chung mc ch l lm cho vn bn p, r rng, d nm bt trng tm hn. Nhng cng vic m cc em thng lm nh vy gi l trnh by vn bn. Trong son tho vn bn my tnh cng cung cp cho chng ta mt s cng c trnh by mt vn bn gi l nh dng vn bn. Vy trong my tnh nhng thao tc nh dng vn bn c thc hin nh th no? Hm nay chng ta s tm hiu vn ny. t cu hi v dn dt vo bi. Nhn xt cu tr li v a ra kt lun Hot ng ngi hc - Lng nghe Thi gian 2 pht

- Suy ngh v
tr li

41

2 -

Gii thiu ch Bi : nh dng vn bn (Tit 1) Mc tiu bi: Trnh by c khi nim ca nh dng vn bn, nh dng k t v nh dng on. nh dng on theo mt vn bn mu.Rn luyn c tnh cn thn, chnh xc cho ngi hc thng qua cc thao tc thc hnh.

- Nu ch
bi hc, trao i cc vn lin quan n ni dung chnh. Ghi bng tiu v mc tiu bi hc. Xc nh ni dung kin thc v k nng c bn ca bi hc. Suy ngh quan st, ghi chp

2 pht

- Thc hin nh dng c k t v -

3 -

Hng dn ban u : GV a ra hai bng ph trnh by hai mu vn bn c cng ni dung, 1 vn bn c nh dng, 1 vn bn cha c nh dng. Em c nhn xt g gia hai on vn bn trn? I. Khi nim: nh dng vn bn l thay i kiu dng, v tr ca cc k t (con ch, s, k hiu ...), cc on vn bn v cc i tng khc trn trang vn bn. Mc ch: vn bn c r rng v p, nhn mnh nhng phn quan trng, gip ngi c d nm bt hn cc ni dung ch yu ca vn bn. C ba thuc tch c bn l: + nh dng k t. + nh dng on. + nh dng trang. Lu : - nh dng vn bn sau khi son tho xong ton b phn ni dung ca vn bn. - Nu khng c phn vn bn no c chn th cc thuc tnh nh

t cu hi. Nhn xt v rt ra kt lun

3 pht

Ghi bng.

Trnh chiu Sile.

42

dng khi thit lp s c p dng cho cc k t c g vo t v tr con tr vn bn tr i. II. nh dng k t: nh dng k t l thay i hnh dng ca mt hay mt nhm k t. Cc thuc tnh c bn ca nh dng k t: + Thay i phng ch. + Thay i kiu ch. + Thay i c ch. Cc bc thc hin: + B1: Bi en phn vn bn cn nh dng k t. + B2: Thc hin nh dng k t. C hai cch: C1: Thc hin theo menu lnh: Format */ Font. Xut hin hp thoi Font:

- Trnh chiu Sile

5 pht

- Thc hin
mu trn vn bn.

- Gi hc sinh
ln thc hnh.

Trong :

- Nhn xt

+ + + +

Font: Chn phng ch. Font style: Chn kiu ch. Size: Chn c ch. Preview: Ca s hin th kt
43

qu. Sau khi nh dng xong: + Nhn chut vo OK (Enter) hon tt. + Default: ngm nh cho cc nh dng k t cc ln tip theo C2 : S dng cc nt lnh trn thanh Formatting : - Chn phng ch - Chn C ch - Chn kiu ch Ch : Sau khi tin hnh nh dng song phi b chn nh du phn vn bn va c chn. 1.Thay i kiu ch (Change case) : Bn c th thay i kiu ch nhanh chng, d dng bng cch: B1 : nh du chn vn bn cn nh dng B2 : T menu Format, chn Change case hin th hp thoi:

- Trnh chiu Sile - a ra cu hi. - Nhn xt v rt

ra kt lun.

- Quan st

3 pht

- Ghi chp

- Trnh chiu Sile

- Ghi bng.

- Suy ngh tr
li

La chn cc tu chn thay i kiu ch : - Sentence case: thay i ch hoa u tin trong cu - Lowercase: thay i ch hoa nh - Uppercase: thay i ch hoa
44

ln Title case: thay i ch hoa u tin ca tng t Toggle case: i ch hoa thnh ch thng v ngc li.

B3 : Nhn OK chp nhn, Cancel hu b vic thit lp. 2.To ch ln u on vn bn (Drop cap): B1 : t du chn vo on mun to ch ln. Nu mun to vi k t hoc nguyn mt t u tin th phi chn chng. B2 : T menu Format, chn Drop Cap, xut hin hp thoi:

- Thc hin mu. - Gi HS ln lm. - nh dng theo

cch 2.

- Quan st.

- t cu hi.

- Suy ngh tr
li.

- Nhn xt v rt
ra kt lun.

B3 : La chn cc tu chn: - Position (v tr): None: khng to ch ln u dng. - - Dropped: to ch ln nm trong vng vn bn chnh. In margin: ch ln nm l Option(la chn):
45

Font: la font ch cho ch nh to ln. Line to drop: chn s dng cho ch tht cp Distance from text: s khong cch t ch ln n ch thng ca on vn bn. B4 : Nhn OK. III. nh dng on: - nh dng on l thay i khong cch ca on vn bn c chn theo nhng thuc tnh nh dn dng trong on, thay i khong cch vi on ln cn pha trn v pha di............. nh dng on vn ta xt cc thuc tnh c bn nh: cn l, v tr l on vn, khong cch on, khong cch dng Cc bc thc hin: B1: Bi en phn vn bn cn nh dng on. B2: Thc hin nh dng on. C hai cch: C1: Thc hin theo menu lnh: Format */ Paragraph. Xut hin hp thoi Paragraph:

- t cu hi

- Quan st,
ghi chp.

5 pht

- Thc hin mu

- Suy ngh v
tr li.

- Quan st. - Nhn xt v rt

ra kt lun.

46

Trong : + Aligment: V tr cn l. + Spacing: Khong cch ca on vn bn chn vi on vn bn ln cn pha trn v pha di. + Line spacing: Khong cch gia cc dng trong on. C2: S dng cc nt lnh trn thanh Formatting.

1.t l tri, phi bng thc:

C th dng thc ngang xc nh l tri, l phi v im tht vo ca dng u tin trong mt on bng cch t con tr chut vo on cn chnh l ri ko vo cc nt sau:

- t cu hi - Thc hin mu - Nhn xt v rt

ra kt lun.

- Quan st - ghi chp.

3 pht

47

2. nh du hoc nh s u on
(Bullet and Numbering) S dng lnh Bullets and Numbering nh sau: - Di chuyn du chn n on vn bn cn nh dng. - T menu Format, chn Bullets and Numbering. - Xut hin hp thoi

- t cu hi - Thc hin mu - Nhn xt v rt

ra kt lun.

- Quan st - Suy ngh - Tr li

5 pht

- Chn nhn Bulleted la cc

tu chn nh du, nhn Numbered la cc tu chn nh s. Ch : nu bn khng mun chn mt trong 8 kiu k hiu lit k sn, bn c th chn nt Picture hoc Customize tu chn theo s thch ca bn. Nhn nt OK xc lp vic la chn, nt Reset tr li dng mc nh, Cancel hu b vic xc lp.

Hng dn thng xuyn :

- Chia lm 4
nhm, mi dy l mt nhm.
48

- Thc
hnh hin theo s

40 pht

- Phn nhm thc hnh.

- Hc sinh nhn bi thc hnh. 4 - Thc hin nh dng cc kiu ch, vn bn trong bi thc hnh ln my tnh . Da vo cc bc thc hin lm bi ,v theo di mt s hng dn b sung ca gio vin trn bng.

Hng d n kt thc :

- Nhn xt qu trnh thc hnh - Cng b kt qu

vin pht bi thc hnh. - Theo di un nn cc bc thc hin ca hc sinh. - Kim tra tng Hs, tng nhm. Trong qu trnh lm nu thy a phn Hs khng lm c mt thao tc no th cho c lp dng li hng dn trn bng. - Kim tra kt qu thc hnh. - Tp trung hc sinh, nh gi chung bi thc hnh ca tng nhm . - Nhn xt kt qu thc hnh v thc hc tp ca c lp. - Khen nhng nhm lm bi tt, nhc nh nhng hc sinh cha t, khng nghim tc. - Yu cu hc sinh thot khi chng trnh,
49

- Gio

hng dn

- Tin hnh
thc hnh

- Yu cu thy
kim tra qu

5 kt pht

- Suy ngh m
rng yu cu ca bi Dn dp v sinh ch thc hnh

tt my, v
Hng d n t h c :

- Cng c bi hc: nh ng
k t nh dng on vn. M rng yu cu bi thc hnh, hng dn, giao cho hc sinh v nh t nghin cu, thc hnh. Hc sinh chun b trc bi nh dng trang vn bn , trn , v in vn bn

- Lng nghe

2 pht

- Ghi chp.

Ngy 14 thng 10 nm 2013 TRNG T MN GING VIN Nguyn Hi ng

50

rng i t u n ? Hay t cnh rng xa Trng hng nh qu chn Lng l ln trc nh.

Trng i t u n ? Hay bin xanh diu k Trng trn nh mt c Chng bao gi chp mi. Trn ng Khoa

Bi th c cn u hai bn Gin cch dng l 1.5 Vit hoa ch ci u mi dng th Kh 1 cch kh 2 mt dng. Tn bi th Trng i font ch VnAristote c ch 28 mu ch mu , kiu ch in m hiu ng ch (text effects) l (Gradient Fill ), nt ngoi (Outline) l mu xanh dng. C bi th fon ch Times New Roman, c ch 14, mu ch xanh dng (Color model RGB , Red: 0 Green : 0 , Blue: 204). Dng th nht Ch T to u on , kiu ch gch chn v in nghing Dng th nm kiu ch gch chn v in nghing. Tn tc gi vit hoa ch ci u , cn l phi.
51

Quy trnh nh dng k t

TT B1 B2

Ni dung cng vic

Hin thanh Ruybng Cn gia tn bi th My tnh

Dng c thit b My tnh

Phng php thao tc C1: n t hp phm Ctrl + F1 C2: Kch chut vo mi tn m rng thanh Ruy-bng B1: Bi en ton b tn bi th B2: Thc hin vic cn gia cho tn bi th : C1: Trn thanh Ruy-Bng phn Paragrap -> Center. C2: chut phi ->Center

Yu cu

Ghi ch

Thao tc chun , mch lc

Khuyn khch C2 v nhanh hn. Chng ta c th n t hp phm Ctrl+E cn gia

B3

nh dng font ch, My tnh kiu ch , c ch , mu ch cho tn bi th

B1: Bi en ton b tn bi th B2: Thc hin vic nh dng cho tn bi th : - Trn thanh Ruy-Bng phn Font - Chn Font ch VnAristote c ch 28

Thao tc chun , mch lc

C th n chut phi nh dng font ch , c ch, kiu ch, mu ch V th t nh dng c th thay i, k nht thit

52

phi chn font ch ri c ch, sau mu ch, v hiu ng.

Chn kiu ch in m Bold Phn Font Color -> mu (Red)

Hiu ng ch : text effects ->Gradient Fill )

Nt ngoi: text effects ->Outline -> mu xanh dng.

53

B4

nh dng fon ch, c ch,cn l cho bi th, vit hoa ch ci u dng

My tnh

B1: Bi en ton b bi th B2 : Thc hin vic nh dng cho bi th: - Trn thanh Ruy-Bng phn Paragrap -> Justify. - Font-> Times New Roman, c ch 14 - Font Color -> More Color-> Custom-> Color model RGB , Red: 0 Green : 0 , Blue: 204.

Dng cc phm tt nh dng Th t nh dng c th thay i

Font->Change Case-> Sentence case(nh dng ch vit hoa u dng)

54

Paragraph->Line and paragraph spacing ->1.15

B5

nh dng dng th u

B1: Bi en dng th nht B2: Thc hin vic nh dng cho dng th u - Font->underline.

Thao tc chun , mch lc

C th dung phm tt nh dng

55

Trn thanh Ruy-Bng ->Insert->DropCap ->In margin

B6 B7

nh dng k t cho dng th th 5 nh dng cho tn tc gi

Tng t nh nh dng cho dng th u nhng khng nh dng ch to u on B1: Bi en ton b tn tc gi. B2: nh dng font ch kiu ch lm nh trn

56